CINXE.COM
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class=" story nytapp-vi-article " xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title data-rh="true">The Science That Makes Baseball Mud ‘Magical’ - The New York Times</title> <meta data-rh="true" name="robots" content="noarchive, max-image-preview:large"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Scientists dug up the real dirt on the substance applied to all the baseballs used in the major leagues."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:title" content="The Science That Makes Baseball Mud ‘Magical’"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:description" content="Scientists dug up the real dirt on the substance applied to all the baseballs used in the major leagues."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-videoSixteenByNine3000.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image:alt" content="Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="The Science That Makes Baseball Mud ‘Magical’"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-facebookJumbo.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image:alt" content="Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Scientists dug up the real dirt on the substance applied to all the baseballs used in the major leagues."/> <link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html"/><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="nyt://article/66b77f6b-e2ba-5897-b61f-fbd6f5ed9470"/><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.nytimes.com/svc/oembed/json/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F11%2F04%2Fscience%2Fbaseball-mud-mlb.html" title="The Science That Makes Baseball Mud ‘Magical’"/> <script data-rh="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html","description":"Scientists dug up the real dirt on the substance applied to all the baseballs used in the major leagues.","image":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg","height":900,"width":1600,"contentUrl":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg","caption":"Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip.","creditText":"Elsa/Getty Images"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-googleFourByThree.jpg","height":600,"width":800,"contentUrl":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-googleFourByThree.jpg","caption":"Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip.","creditText":"Elsa/Getty Images"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg","height":1800,"width":1800,"contentUrl":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg","caption":"Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip.","creditText":"Elsa/Getty Images"}],"mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/by/david-waldstein","name":"David Waldstein"}],"dateModified":"2024-11-05T19:43:58.000Z","datePublished":"2024-11-05T01:33:54.000Z","headline":"The Science That Makes Baseball Mud ‘Magical’","alternativeHeadline":"There Is Joy in This Mudville: Scientists Solve ‘Magical’ Muck","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher","name":"The New York Times"},"hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".meteredContent"},"isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"The New York Times","productID":"nytimes.com:basic"},"copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher","name":"The New York Times"},"sourceOrganization":{"@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher","name":"The New York Times"},"copyrightYear":2025,"isAccessibleForFree":false,"articleSection":"Science","keywords":["your-feed-science","Baseball","Sporting Goods and Equipment","Soil","Rivers","Research","Major League Baseball","Delaware River","Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"]}</script><script data-rh="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"The New York Times","logo":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/t_logo_291_black.png","height":291,"width":291,"contentUrl":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/t_logo_291_black.png","creditText":"The New York Times"},"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/","@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher","publishingPrinciples":"https://www.nytimes.com/editorial-standards/ethical-journalism.html","diversityPolicy":"https://www.nytco.com/company/diversity-and-inclusion/","ethicsPolicy":"https://www.nytco.com/company/standards-ethics/","masthead":"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/01/28/admin/the-new-york-times-masthead.html","foundingDate":"1851-09-18","sameAs":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"}</script> <meta data-rh="true" property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-05T01:33:54.000Z"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-05T19:43:58.000Z"/><meta data-rh="true" http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en"/><meta data-rh="true" name="articleid" content="100000009803151"/><meta data-rh="true" name="nyt_uri" content="nyt://article/66b77f6b-e2ba-5897-b61f-fbd6f5ed9470"/><meta data-rh="true" name="pubp_event_id" content="pubp://event/a7c09e8756544d4fbe2f32d0e4697819"/><meta data-rh="true" name="image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-facebookJumbo.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" name="byl" content="By David Waldstein"/><meta data-rh="true" name="news_keywords" content="your-feed-science,Baseball,Soil,River,Research,MLB,Delaware River,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"/><meta data-rh="true" name="pdate" content="20241104"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:section" content="Science"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:author" content="https://www.nytimes.com/by/david-waldstein"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="your-feed-science"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Baseball"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Sporting Goods and Equipment"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Soil"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Rivers"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Research"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Major League Baseball"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Delaware River"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:opinion" content="false"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:content_tier" content="metered"/><meta data-rh="true" name="CG" content="science"/><meta data-rh="true" name="SCG" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" name="CN" content="new-york-times-sports"/><meta data-rh="true" name="CT" content="spotlight"/><meta data-rh="true" name="PT" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" name="PST" content="News"/><meta data-rh="true" name="url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html"/><meta data-rh="true" name="msapplication-starturl" content="https://www.nytimes.com"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:url" content="nyt://article/66b77f6b-e2ba-5897-b61f-fbd6f5ed9470"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:package" content="com.nytimes.android"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:app_name" content="NYTimes"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="NYTimes"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.nytimes.android"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="nyt://article/66b77f6b-e2ba-5897-b61f-fbd6f5ed9470"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:iphone:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:iphone:app_store_id" content="284862083"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:iphone:app_name" content="NYTimes"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ipad:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ipad:app_store_id" content="357066198"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ipad:app_name" content="NYTimes"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="9869919170" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@nytimes" /> <meta name="slack-app-id" content="A0121HXPPTQ" /> <script>(function Qn(e){if(new URL(window.location).searchParams.get("sentryOverride")||Math.floor(100*Math.random())<=e){var t=['<script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/7bc8bccf5c254286a99b11c68f6bf4ce.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous">',"<","/script>"].join("");document.write(t)}})(1);</script><script>(function Xn(e){var t=e.release,n=e.env,a=e.routeName,i=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{},r=i.isPreloaded,o=void 0!==r&&r,l="IOS"===i.deviceType;if(window.Sentry){var s=function(){window.Sentry.init({maxBreadcrumbs:c,release:t,environment:n,allowUrls:u,ignoreErrors:d,beforeSend:function(e,t){var n=t.originalException;return n&&n.stack&&n.stack.includes("datadog-rum")?null:e},initialScope:function(e){e.setTags({"nyt.route":a});var t=/nyt-a=(.*?)(;|$)/.exec(document.cookie);null!==t&&e.setUser({id:t[1]});try{if(o){var n,i,r=window.asset||{},s=r.eventId,c=void 0===s?"":s,d=r.uri,u=void 0===d?"":d,f=r.url,p=void 0===f?"":f,m=r.sourceType,g=void 0===m?"":m,h=r.sourceId,v=void 0===h?"":h;c&&e.setTag("eventId",c),u&&e.setTag("uri",u),p&&e.setTag("url",p),g&&e.setTag("sourceType",g),v&&e.setTag("sourceId",v),e.setExtra("visibilityState",document.visibilityState),null!==(n=window)&&void 0!==n&&null!==(i=n.performance)&&void 0!==i&&i.timeOrigin&&e.setExtra("timeOrigin",window.performance.timeOrigin),e.setTag("type","preloaded-webview")}else e.setTag("type","browser");var b=function(){var t=window.config||{},n=t.AppVersion,a=void 0===n?"":n,i=t.ConnectionStatus,r=void 0===i?3:i,o=t.LoggedIn,l=void 0!==o&&o,s=t.Subscriber,c=void 0!==s&&s;null==e||e.setTag("AppVersion",a),null==e||e.setTag("ConnectionStatus",r),null==e||e.setTag("LoggedIn",l),null==e||e.setTag("Subscriber",c)};l?window.addEventListener("initWebview:ios",b):b()}catch(e){console.error(e)}return e},replaysSessionSampleRate:0,replaysOnErrorSampleRate:.01,integrations:[window.Sentry.browserTracingIntegration({enableInp:!0,instrumentNavigation:!1,instrumentPageLoad:!1})]});var e=window.Sentry.getClient(),i={};i[window.Sentry.SEMANTIC_ATTRIBUTE_SENTRY_SOURCE]="url",window.Sentry.startBrowserTracingPageLoadSpan(e,{name:a,attributes:i})},c=70,d=["2mdn","ads-us","amazon-adsystem","amp4ads","ampproject","bk_addPageCtx","boomerang","BOOMR","cb is not a function","chartbeat","google_tag_manager","gsi","gtm","prebid","pubads","scorecardresearch","setConfig is not a function","webkitExitFullScreen","yimg","reading 'campaign'","Object.fromEntries is not a function"];o&&(d=d.concat(["Failed to fetch","Load failed","Something went wrong","Unexpected EOF","The request is not allowed by the user agent","scrollIntoView","No weather-bot homepage data available","UnhandledRejection: Non-Error promise rejection captured with value: false","VHS is currently showing this error message on-screen.","useMessageSelection","messageComponentLibrary"]));var u=[/^https?:\/\/(vi-pr-.*|www|vi|local|alpha|alpha-preview)\.(stg\.|dev\.)?(nytimes\.com|nyt\.net)/];window.Sentry.onLoad(s),window.__isUnitTestEnv&&(window.__testSentryOnload=s)}})({"release":"1aa71732e0f565e7bc112233016da48586b3ef21","env":"prd","routeName":"vi-story","allowUrls":[{}]});</script> <script> (function qn(){var e,t,n,a,i;e=window,t=document,n="script",a="https://www.datadoghq-browser-agent.com/us1/v5/datadog-rum.js",e=e[i="DD_RUM"]=e[i]||{q:[],onReady:function(t){e.q.push(t)}},(i=t.createElement(n)).async=1,i.src=a,(a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0]).parentNode.insertBefore(i,a)})(); (function Yn(e){var t=e.service,n=e.env,a=e.version,i=e.sessionSampleRate,r=e.deploymentId,o=e.routeName,l=e.tenant;if(window.DD_RUM){var s=function(){var e={clientToken:"pube5bf68ea68edb54c35106f34e32ff07c",applicationId:"7d0602a0-8ef8-4d39-985b-c3188887e5b3",site:"datadoghq.com",service:"".concat(t,"-client"),env:n,version:a,sessionSampleRate:parseInt(i,10),sessionReplaySampleRate:v,trackUserInteractions:!0,trackResources:!0,trackLongTasks:!0,trackViewsManually:!0,defaultPrivacyLevel:"mask-user-input",allowedTracingUrls:m,traceSampleRate:20,useCrossSiteSessionCookie:!0,useSecureSessionCookie:!0};u&&(e=Object.assign(e,h)),window.DD_RUM.init(e);var s="web";u&&(s=window.config&&window.config.OS&&"ANDROID"===window.config.OS.toUpperCase()?"android":"ios");var c={billing:{environment:n,deployment:{id:r}},dvsp:{tenant:l},route:{name:o},webview:p,preloaded:u,appType:s};u&&(c=Object.assign(c,g)),window.DD_RUM.setGlobalContextProperty("nyt",c),window.DD_RUM.startView({name:o});var d=/nyt-a=(.*?)(;|$)/.exec(document.cookie);if(null!==d&&window.DD_RUM.setUser({id:d[1]}),u){var f=(window.asset||{}).url,b=void 0===f?"":f;window.DD_RUM.setGlobalContextProperty("url",b);var y=window.getNativeBridgeCookie("nyt-a");y&&window.DD_RUM.setUser({id:y})}},c=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{},d=c.isPreloaded,u=void 0!==d&&d,f=c.isInWebview,p=void 0!==f&&f,m=[/https:\/\/samizdat-graphql.*\.nytimes\.com/],g={},h={},v=100;u&&(m=[/[https|http|nytresource]:\/\/.*\.nytimes\.com/,/[https|http|nytresource]:\/\/.*\.nyt\.com/],g={team:"web-platforms"},v=0,h={trackFrustrations:!0,allowFallbackToLocalStorage:!0}),window.DD_RUM.onReady(s),window.__isUnitTestEnv&&(window.__testDataDogOnReady=s)}})({"service":"vi","env":"prd","version":"vi-newsreader@v6778-1aa7173","sessionSampleRate":"1","deploymentId":"aws-491988406224","routeName":"vi-story","tenant":"web-platforms"}); </script> <link data-rh="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/favicon-d2483f10ef688e6f89e23806b9700298.ico"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/apple-touch-icon-28865b72953380a40aa43318108876cb.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144×144" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/ios-ipad-144x144-28865b72953380a40aa43318108876cb.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114×114" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/ios-iphone-114x144-080e7ec6514fdc62bcbb7966d9b257d2.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/ios-default-homescreen-57x57-43808a4cd5333b648057a01624d84960.png"/> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://g1.nyt.com" crossorigin="anonymous"/> <link href="https://g1.nyt.com/fonts/css/web-fonts.a65411eeb1ab091c1b7eaa3047f86dabe8355f0e.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" crossorigin /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/global-75f713f5ef71fb15f77ecbb55c1f03b7.css" /> <style>[data-timezone] { display: none }</style> <style data-lights-css="val7tc tvfu69 k008qs 63woee 1dv1kvn nuvmzp qebcue j184jz wsvg60 1hyfx7x uc4bdz 1jmk4jh 1e1s8k7 1qa4qp6 13mf4b4 79elbk vxcmzt 1eeh360 1yhvmgx 1atjma0 68l2z5 1nurhyi yywogo 93zicp 12fr9lp 18z7m18 ec8ke8 1hqnpie 10habuo rnl02l 1u4hfeb 1po1uvd tvohiw b4nnp0 bgaqcm 777zgl rfqw0c twqvxd 1ev7j75 1xb94ky uwwqev 121kum4 171quhb asuuk5 7axq9l 6yo1no z5ryv4 p6m5rf 10cldcv 1r7ky0e ew4tgv s99gbd 53u6y8 1ly73wi 1d02gzt 1bymuyk 10xu8a0 1ch6mhx 1wr3we4 10698na ijmohz 1npft71 c5j6tx vfkorq 1bvtpon wqhysl yomkvi ui2i83 atthsv zd9juy 10d8k1f eap6fy 1vxca1d njaf7f 1c72mta ay91f9 hme5ai 1vkm6nb 1uc375s 79rysd nlqgyf rq4mmj ktho12 14fe1uy 1u5onbp 165eim7 dc6zx6 233int 4anu6l ojhyzr gqryk5 at9mc1 11iyrz3 1ho5u4o t8x4fj a7htku jevhma 1ubbotv 1sbuyqj 1336jj 1g71tqy 1b5b8u1 3kpklk 1ca3kv7 148f1u0 duration name 5j8bii delay timing-function">@-webkit-keyframes animation-5j8bii{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-5j8bii{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}.SP_commentsRefactor_1224_1_New .comments-button-container{display:none;}.SP_commentsRefactor_1224_1_New .comments-button-container-v2{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;}.SP_commentsRefactor_1224_1_New .big-bottom-button-v2{display:block;}.css-k008qs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.css-63woee{-webkit-animation:spin 0.8s steps(10,end) infinite;animation:spin 0.8s steps(10,end) infinite;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion){.css-63woee{-webkit-animation-duration:10s;animation-duration:10s;}}@-webkit-keyframes spin{100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}@keyframes spin{100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}.css-1dv1kvn{border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;}.css-nuvmzp{font-size:14.25px;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.7px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.7px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.7px;letter-spacing:0.7px;line-height:19px;}.css-nuvmzp:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-qebcue{display:none;font-size:10px;margin-left:auto;text-transform:uppercase;}.hasLinks .css-qebcue{display:block;min-height:10px;}@media (min-width:740px){return!e.theme.isIntlHomepage.hasLinks .css-qebcue function(e).hasLinks .css-qebcue function(e)!e.theme.homepage.hasLinks .css-qebcue function(e).hasLinks .css-qebcue function(e){margin:"none",position:"absolute",right:"20px";}}@media (min-width:1024px){.hasLinks .css-qebcue{display:none;min-height:0;}}.css-j184jz{display:inline-block;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;-webkit-transition:color 0.6s ease;transition:color 0.6s ease;color:#121212;}.css-j184jz:hover{color:#666666;}.css-wsvg60{border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;-webkit-transition:ease 0.6s;transition:ease 0.6s;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;background-color:transparent;color:#000;font-size:11px;line-height:11px;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.02em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.02em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.02em;letter-spacing:0.02em;padding:11px 12px 8px;background:#ffffff;display:inline-block;left:44px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;z-index:5;}.css-wsvg60:active,.css-wsvg60:focus{-webkit-clip:auto;clip:auto;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;}.css-wsvg60::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0;}.css-wsvg60:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted;}.css-wsvg60:disabled,.css-wsvg60.disabled{opacity:0.5;cursor:default;}.css-wsvg60:active,.css-wsvg60.active{background-color:#f7f7f7;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-wsvg60:hover{background-color:#f7f7f7;}}.css-wsvg60:focus{margin-top:3px;padding:8px 8px 6px;}@media (max-width:600px){.css-wsvg60:focus{margin-top:12px;margin-left:9px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-wsvg60{left:112px;}}.css-1hyfx7x{display:none;}.css-uc4bdz{min-height:269px;}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-uc4bdz{min-height:431.5px;}}.NYTApp .css-uc4bdz{display:none;}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-1jmk4jh{margin:0 auto;max-width:1200px;padding:0 3% 9px;}}.NYTApp .css-1jmk4jh{display:none;}@media print{.css-1jmk4jh{display:none;}}.css-1e1s8k7{font-size:11px;text-align:center;padding-bottom:25px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1e1s8k7{padding:0 3% 9px;}}.css-1e1s8k7.dockVisible{padding-bottom:45px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1e1s8k7.dockVisible{padding:0 3% 45px;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-1e1s8k7{margin:0 auto;max-width:1200px;}}.NYTApp .css-1e1s8k7{display:none;}@media print{.css-1e1s8k7{display:none;}}.css-1qa4qp6{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb;padding-top:9px;margin:0 0 35px;}.css-13mf4b4{color:#666666;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;padding:10px 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;}.css-13mf4b4:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-79elbk{position:relative;}.css-vxcmzt{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;}.css-1eeh360{height:auto;width:auto;border-radius:30px;}.css-1eeh360:focus{outline:none;box-shadow:0 0 4px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}@supports selector(:focus-visible){.css-1eeh360:focus{box-shadow:none;}.css-1eeh360:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 4px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}}.css-1yhvmgx{height:auto;width:auto;border:solid 1px var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);background-color:var(--color-background-primary,#FFFFFF);border-radius:30px;font-size:0.75rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-1yhvmgx:hover{background-color:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);border:1px solid var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);}.css-1yhvmgx .hiddenClass{display:none;}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-checked='true'] .saved-fill{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-checked='true'] .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-checked='false'] .saved-fill{fill:none;}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-checked='false'] .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-busy='true']{cursor:default;background-color:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);}.css-1atjma0{padding:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}@media (max-width:424px){.css-1atjma0{margin-left:-9px;margin-right:-20px;}}.css-68l2z5{color:#999999;display:inline;margin-right:12px;width:100%;}.css-68l2z5 > a,.css-68l2z5 > button{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-68l2z5 > a:focus,.css-68l2z5 > button:focus{display:inline-block;outline:none;box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}@supports selector(:focus-visible){.css-68l2z5 > a:focus,.css-68l2z5 > button:focus{box-shadow:none;}.css-68l2z5 > a:focus-visible,.css-68l2z5 > button:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}}.css-68l2z5 > a:focus{border-radius:100%;}@media (max-width:424px){.css-68l2z5{margin-right:6px;}}.css-68l2z5:last-of-type{margin-right:0;}.css-1nurhyi{height:auto;width:auto;border-radius:100%;background-color:transparent;}.css-yywogo{color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);}.css-yywogo:visited{color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);}.css-93zicp{display:none;}@media (min-width:375px){.css-93zicp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:16px;height:31px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-93zicp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:16px;height:31px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-93zicp{display:none;}}@media print{.css-93zicp{display:none;}}.css-12fr9lp{height:23px;margin-top:6px;}.css-18z7m18{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-18z7m18{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:0;}}@media print{.css-18z7m18{display:block;}}.css-ec8ke8{display:none;}@media (min-width:375px){.css-ec8ke8{position:fixed;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;opacity:0;z-index:1;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;width:100%;height:32.063px;background:white;padding:5px 0;top:0;text-align:center;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,cheltenham-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-noto,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,0.08) 0 0 5px 1px;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;}}@media print{.css-ec8ke8{position:relative;border:none;display:inline-block;opacity:1 !important;visibility:visible !important;}}@media (max-width:739px){.NYTApp .css-ec8ke8{display:none;}}.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;max-width:1605px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;position:relative;width:100%;}@media (min-width:1360px){.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;}}@media (min-width:1780px){.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media print{.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-10habuo{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-10habuo{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;max-width:1605px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:50%;margin-left:calc((100% - 50%) / 2);}}@media (min-width:740px){.NYTApp .css-10habuo{width:90%;margin-left:calc((100% - 90%) / 2);}@media (min-width:1024px){.NYTApp .css-10habuo{width:63%;margin-left:calc((100% - 63%) / 2);}}}@media print{.css-10habuo{display:none;}}.css-rnl02l{font-family:nyt-cheltenham-small,georgia,'times new roman';font-weight:400;font-size:13px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.015em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.015em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.015em;letter-spacing:0.015em;margin-top:10.5px;margin-bottom:10.5px;margin-right:auto;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.css-1u4hfeb{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:0.75rem;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-letter-spacing:0;-moz-letter-spacing:0;-ms-letter-spacing:0;letter-spacing:0;margin-top:12.5px;margin-bottom:auto;margin-left:auto;white-space:nowrap;}.css-1u4hfeb:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1po1uvd{display:inline-block;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;font-size:13px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:auto;color:#cccccc;}.css-tvohiw{margin-top:-1px;margin-bottom:auto;margin-left:auto;z-index:50;box-shadow:-14px 2px 7px -2px rgba(255,255,255,0.7);}.css-b4nnp0{margin-top:1px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-b4nnp0{margin-top:0;}}.css-bgaqcm{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;color:#cccccc !important;border-left:1px solid #cccccc;margin-left:10px;padding:10px;display:none;}@media print{.css-bgaqcm{display:inline-block;}}.css-777zgl{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);overflow:hidden;text-align:center;}.css-777zgl:focus-visible{background-color:#fff;border-radius:3px;height:auto;width:auto;-webkit-clip:auto;clip:auto;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.6875rem;font-weight:700;left:50%;padding:8px 8px 6px;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%);top:5px;}.css-rfqw0c{text-align:center;height:100%;display:block;}.css-twqvxd{color:#cccccc;display:none;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.5625rem;font-weight:300;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-moz-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-ms-letter-spacing:0.05rem;letter-spacing:0.05rem;line-height:0.5625rem;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-twqvxd{display:inline-block;}}.css-twqvxd p{margin-bottom:auto;margin-right:7px;margin-top:auto;text-transform:none;}.css-1ev7j75{color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.625rem;font-weight:500;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-moz-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-ms-letter-spacing:0.05rem;letter-spacing:0.05rem;line-height:0.625rem;margin-bottom:9px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;}.sizeSmall .css-1xb94ky{width:50%;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-1xb94ky{width:300px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeSmall .css-1xb94ky{width:300px;}}@media (max-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-1xb94ky{width:50%;}}.sizeSmall.sizeSmallNoCaption .css-1xb94ky{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutVertical .css-1xb94ky{max-width:250px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.sizeSmall.layoutVertical .css-1xb94ky{width:250px;}}@media (max-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutVertical .css-1xb94ky{max-width:250px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutHorizontal .css-1xb94ky{max-width:300px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.sizeSmall.layoutHorizontal .css-1xb94ky{width:300px;}}@media (max-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutHorizontal .css-1xb94ky{max-width:300px;}}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-1xb94ky{width:420px;}}.css-uwwqev{width:100%;height:100%;}.css-121kum4{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-171quhb{background:linear-gradient(180deg,hsla(0,0%,100%,0),#ffffff);position:relative;height:110px;margin-top:-126px;width:100%;}.css-asuuk5{height:170px;}.css-7axq9l{display:grid;grid-row-gap:24px;justify-items:center;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;padding:32px 0 40px 0;}.css-6yo1no{display:grid;grid-row-gap:8px;text-align:center;}.css-z5ryv4{color:#121212;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-p6m5rf{margin:1.25rem 0 0;}.css-10cldcv{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-10cldcv{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-10cldcv{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-10cldcv{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-1r7ky0e .e6idgb70 + .e1h9rw200{margin-top:0;}.css-1r7ky0e .eoo0vm40 + .e1gnsphs0{margin-top:-0.3em;}.css-1r7ky0e .e6idgb70 + .eoo0vm40{margin-top:0;}.css-1r7ky0e .eoo0vm40 + figure{margin-top:1.2rem;}.css-1r7ky0e .e1gnsphs0 + figure{margin-top:1.2rem;}.css-ew4tgv{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-ew4tgv{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-right:0;margin-left:auto;width:130px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-ew4tgv{width:210px;}}@media print{.css-ew4tgv{display:none;}}.css-s99gbd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;margin-bottom:1rem;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-s99gbd{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;height:100%;width:945px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-s99gbd{width:1110px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1280px){.css-s99gbd{width:1170px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-s99gbd{width:1200px;}}@media print{.css-s99gbd{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media print{.css-s99gbd{margin-bottom:1em;display:block;}}.css-53u6y8{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-53u6y8{margin-left:calc((100% - 600px) / 2);margin-right:0;width:600px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-53u6y8{max-width:600px;width:600px;margin-left:calc((100% - 600px) / 2);}}@media print{.css-53u6y8{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-1ly73wi{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);overflow:hidden;}.css-1d02gzt{opacity:1;visibility:visible;-webkit-animation-name:animation-5j8bii;animation-name:animation-5j8bii;-webkit-animation-duration:300ms;animation-duration:300ms;-webkit-animation-delay:0ms;animation-delay:0ms;-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-out;animation-timing-function:ease-out;}@media print{.css-1d02gzt{display:none;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1d02gzt{position:fixed;width:100%;top:0;left:0;z-index:200;background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:none;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1bymuyk{position:relative;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;}}.css-10xu8a0{background:#ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;height:36px;padding:8px 15px 3px;position:relative;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-10xu8a0{background:#ffffff;padding:8px 15px 3px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-10xu8a0{background:transparent;border-bottom:0;padding:4px 15px 2px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-10xu8a0{margin:0 auto;max-width:1605px;}}.css-1ch6mhx{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-around;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:space-around;justify-content:space-around;left:10px;position:absolute;}@media print{.css-1ch6mhx{display:none;}}.css-1wr3we4{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1wr3we4{display:block;position:absolute;left:105px;line-height:19px;top:10px;}}.css-10698na{text-align:center;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-10698na{padding-top:0;}}@media print{.css-10698na a[href]::after{content:'';}.css-10698na svg{fill:black;}}.css-ijmohz{display:block;width:189px;height:26px;margin:5px auto 0;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ijmohz{width:189px;height:26px;margin:5px auto 0;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-ijmohz{width:195px;height:26px;margin:6px auto 0;}}.css-1npft71{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-around;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:space-around;justify-content:space-around;position:absolute;right:10px;top:8px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1npft71{top:4px;}}@media print{.css-1npft71{display:none;}}.css-c5j6tx{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;-webkit-box-pack:space-around;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:space-around;justify-content:space-around;padding:13px 20px 12px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-c5j6tx{position:relative;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-c5j6tx{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;border:none;padding:0;height:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(48px);-ms-transform:translateY(48px);transform:translateY(48px);-webkit-align-items:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:flex-end;-ms-flex-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;}}@media print{.css-c5j6tx{display:none;}}.css-vfkorq{color:#121212;font-size:0.6875rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;display:none;width:auto;font-weight:700;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-vfkorq{text-align:center;width:100%;font-weight:700;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-vfkorq{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;width:auto;margin-bottom:4px;font-weight:400;}}.css-1bvtpon{display:none;}.css-wqhysl{top:0;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;background-color:var(--color-background-elevated,#FFFFFF);z-index:902;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-wqhysl{margin-top:3px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-wqhysl:empty{margin-top:0;}}@media print{.css-wqhysl{display:none;}}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button{background:var(--color-background-primary,#FFFFFF);border:1px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);box-shadow:none;}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button svg > path{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:hover{border:1px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);background:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:hover svg > path{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:hover svg > g{stroke:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:active,.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-expanded='true']{border:1px solid var(--color-stroke-tertiary,#C7C7C7);background:rgba(235,235,235,0.6);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:active svg > path,.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-expanded='true'] svg > path{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:active svg > g,.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-expanded='true'] svg > g{stroke:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true'] .saved-fill{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true'] .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true']:hover .saved-fill{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true']:hover .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true']:active .saved-fill{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true']:active .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='false'] .saved-fill{fill:none;}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='false'] .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='false']:hover .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='false']:active .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:focus{box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);outline:3px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;}@supports selector(:focus-visible){.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:focus{box-shadow:none;}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);outline:3px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;}}.css-ui2i83{color:#999999;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;margin-bottom:5px;margin-bottom:0;}@media print{.css-ui2i83{display:none;}}.css-atthsv{color:#999999;display:inline;margin-right:12px;width:100%;position:relative;}.css-atthsv > a,.css-atthsv > button{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-atthsv > a:focus,.css-atthsv > button:focus{display:inline-block;outline:none;box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}@supports selector(:focus-visible){.css-atthsv > a:focus,.css-atthsv > button:focus{box-shadow:none;}.css-atthsv > a:focus-visible,.css-atthsv > button:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}}.css-atthsv > a:focus{border-radius:100%;}@media (max-width:424px){.css-atthsv{margin-right:6px;}}.css-atthsv:last-of-type{margin-right:0;}.css-zd9juy{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:20px;border-radius:100%;padding:6px;overflow:initial;vertical-align:middle;height:20px;}.css-zd9juy path{fill:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}.css-10d8k1f{direction:ltr;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:30px;padding:6px 10px 6px;font-size:0.75rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;line-height:0.9375rem;text-align:right;font-weight:500;}.css-10d8k1f:hover .gift-count{background-color:#fafafa;}@media (max-width:600px){.css-10d8k1f{padding:6px 7px 5px;}}.css-10d8k1f svg{margin-right:5px;vertical-align:-6px;height:20px;}.css-eap6fy{height:18px;width:18px;padding:7px;overflow:visible;vertical-align:middle;cursor:not-allowed;}.css-eap6fy g{stroke-width:0.1px;}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-eap6fy:hover g,.css-eap6fy:focus g{stroke:var(--color-stroke-secondary,#8B8B8B);opacity:1;}}.css-1vxca1d{position:relative;margin:0 auto;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1vxca1d{margin:0 auto 20px;}}.css-1vxca1d .relatedcoverage + .recirculation{margin-top:20px;}.css-1vxca1d .wrap + .recirculation{margin-top:20px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1vxca1d{padding-top:40px;}}.css-njaf7f{display:none;position:relative;min-height:280px;}@media (min-width:765px){.css-njaf7f{background-color:var(--color-background-secondary,#F8F8F8);border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);display:block;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:15px;margin:0;}}@media print{.css-njaf7f{display:none;}}.css-1c72mta{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:flex-end;-ms-flex-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;margin-top:0.25rem;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:0.125rem;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1c72mta{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1c72mta{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-1c72mta{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1c72mta{margin-bottom:0.125rem;}}.css-ay91f9{margin-bottom:1.25rem;margin-top:1.5625rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9{margin-top:3.75rem;}}.css-ay91f9 .e6idgb70{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);font-weight:700;line-height:0.75rem;}@media print{.css-ay91f9 .e6idgb70{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-ay91f9 .e1h9rw200{margin-bottom:0.5rem;text-wrap:balance;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;margin-top:0;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9 .e1h9rw200{-webkit-text-wrap:auto;text-wrap:auto;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-ay91f9 .e1h9rw200{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9 .e1h9rw200{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-ay91f9 .e1h9rw200{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9 .e1h9rw200{max-width:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative;width:600px;}@media print{.css-ay91f9 .e1h9rw200{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}}.css-ay91f9 .e1wiw3jv0{color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9 .e1wiw3jv0{text-align:left;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-ay91f9 .e1wiw3jv0{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9 .e1wiw3jv0{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-ay91f9 .e1wiw3jv0{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media print{.css-ay91f9 .e1wiw3jv0{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-ay91f9 .e16638kd0{display:inline-block;width:auto;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}.css-ay91f9 .eatfx1z0{margin-right:15px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;line-height:1;}.css-ay91f9 .section-kicker .opinion-bar{font-size:25px;}.css-ay91f9 .css-p6m5rf{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-ay91f9 .css-p6m5rf{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9 .css-p6m5rf{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-ay91f9 .css-p6m5rf{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-ay91f9 .e1g7ppur0{margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:20px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9 .e1g7ppur0{margin-top:25px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-ay91f9 .e1g7ppur0{margin-bottom:43px;}}.css-ay91f9 .css-1arl30t{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-ay91f9 .css-1arl30t{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9 .css-1arl30t{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-ay91f9 .css-1arl30t{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media print{.css-ay91f9 .css-1arl30t{display:none;}}.css-ay91f9 .eakwutd0{margin-bottom:20px;color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}@media print{.css-ay91f9 .eakwutd0{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ay91f9 .eakwutd0{text-align:left;}}.css-hme5ai{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:1.25rem;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-hme5ai{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-hme5ai{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-hme5ai{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-hme5ai .e6idgb70{margin-bottom:0;}@media print{.css-hme5ai .e6idgb70{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-hme5ai:empty{display:none;}.css-1uc375s{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);font-family:nyt-cheltenham,cheltenham-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-noto,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-weight:200;font-style:normal;font-size:2.25rem;line-height:2.5rem;text-align:left;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1uc375s{font-size:2.75rem;line-height:3.125rem;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-1uc375s{font-size:2.9375rem;line-height:3.4375rem;}}.css-79rysd{font-style:normal;font-stretch:normal;margin-bottom:1.25rem;color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);font-family:nyt-cheltenham,cheltenham-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-noto,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-weight:300;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5625rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-79rysd{font-size:1.4375rem;line-height:1.875rem;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-79rysd{margin-bottom:1.875rem;}}.css-nlqgyf{margin:1.25rem auto 1.5rem;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:32px;}.css-nlqgyf strong{font-weight:700;}.css-nlqgyf em{font-style:italic;}.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall{width:calc(100% - 40px);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall{max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall{max-width:600px;}}.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall.sizeSmallNoCaption{display:block;}@media print{.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall.sizeSmallNoCaption{display:none;}}.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium{width:100%;max-width:600px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium{width:calc(100% - 40px);}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium{max-width:600px;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium.layoutVertical{width:420px;}}.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo{width:100%;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo{width:420px;}}.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge{width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge{width:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge.layoutVertical{width:600px;}.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge.layoutVertical.verticalVideo{width:600px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge{width:945px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge{width:1200px;}.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge.layoutVertical{width:720px;}.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge.layoutVertical.verticalVideo{width:600px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-nlqgyf{margin:2.5rem auto;}}@media print{.css-nlqgyf{display:none;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-nlqgyf{margin-top:25px;}}.css-rq4mmj{height:auto;width:100%;width:100%;vertical-align:top;}.css-rq4mmj img{width:100%;vertical-align:top;}.css-ktho12{color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;margin:10px 20px 0;text-align:left;}.css-ktho12 a{color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-ktho12 a:hover,.css-ktho12 a:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-ktho12{margin-left:0;}}.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:calc(50% - 15px);margin:auto 0 15px 15px;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{width:260px;margin-left:15px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{margin-left:15px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{width:330px;margin-left:15px;}}@media (max-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{margin:auto 0 0 15px;}}.sizeSmall.sizeSmallNoCaption .css-ktho12{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:10px;}.sizeMedium .css-ktho12{max-width:900px;}.sizeSmall.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-ktho12{margin:0 0 auto 16px;}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-ktho12{margin:auto 0 auto 16px;}}.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-ktho12{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:calc(100% - 40px);}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-ktho12{width:100%;}}.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{max-width:none;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{margin-left:20px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{margin-left:20px;max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{margin-left:0;max-width:720px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{margin-left:0;max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeLarge.layoutVertical .css-ktho12{margin-left:0;}}.sizeFull .css-ktho12{margin-left:20px;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeFull .css-ktho12{max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeFull .css-ktho12{max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeFull .css-ktho12{max-width:900px;}}@media print{.css-ktho12{display:none;}}.css-14fe1uy{display:inline;color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.01em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.01em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.01em;letter-spacing:0.01em;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-14fe1uy{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-14fe1uy{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.0625rem;}}.css-1u5onbp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:0.25rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem;}.css-1u5onbp > img,.css-1u5onbp a > img,.css-1u5onbp div > img{margin-right:10px;}.css-165eim7{min-width:60px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:auto;}.css-dc6zx6{width:50px;margin-right:10px;vertical-align:bottom;border-radius:50%;}.css-233int{display:inline-block;}.css-4anu6l{display:inline-block;margin:0;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);}@media (min-width:740px){.css-4anu6l{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}.css-ojhyzr{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);text-decoration-color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);display:inline-block;}.css-ojhyzr:hover,.css-ojhyzr:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-gqryk5{margin-bottom:0.25rem;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;}.css-gqryk5:empty{display:none;}.css-at9mc1{margin-bottom:0.78125rem;margin-top:0;overflow-wrap:break-word;color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5625rem;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-at9mc1{margin-bottom:0.9375rem;margin-top:0;}}.css-at9mc1 .css-yywogo{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-style:solid;text-decoration-style:solid;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);text-decoration-color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);}.css-at9mc1 .css-yywogo:hover,.css-at9mc1 .css-yywogo:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-at9mc1{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;}}.css-at9mc1:first-child{margin-top:0;}.css-at9mc1:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.css-at9mc1.e1h9rw200:last-child{margin-bottom:0.75rem;}.css-at9mc1.eoo0vm40:first-child{margin-top:0.8125rem;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-at9mc1{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-at9mc1{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}.css-at9mc1.eoo0vm40:first-child{margin-top:1.1875rem;}}@media print{.css-at9mc1{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-11iyrz3{background-color:var(--color-background-secondary,#F8F8F8);border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);border-top:1px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);margin:2rem auto;padding-bottom:30px;padding-top:12px;text-align:center;position:relative;margin-top:1rem;min-height:280px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-11iyrz3{margin:3rem auto;}}@media print{.css-11iyrz3{display:none;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-11iyrz3{margin-bottom:3rem;margin-top:2rem;}}.css-1ho5u4o{list-style:none;margin:0 0 15px;padding:0;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ho5u4o{display:inline-block;}}.css-t8x4fj{list-style:none;line-height:8px;padding:0;}.css-t8x4fj:last-child > li{margin:16px 0 0 0;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-t8x4fj{display:inline-block;}}.css-a7htku{display:inline-block;line-height:20px;padding:0 10px;}.css-a7htku:first-child{border-left:none;}.css-a7htku.desktop{display:none;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-a7htku.smartphone{display:none;}.css-a7htku.desktop{display:inline-block;}.css-a7htku.mobileOnly{display:none;}}.css-jevhma{margin-right:7px;color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-jevhma{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}.css-jevhma strong{font-weight:700;}.css-jevhma em{font-style:italic;}.css-jevhma a{color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);}.css-jevhma a:visited{color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);}.css-1ubbotv{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.125rem;margin-bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-shrink:1;-ms-flex-negative:1;flex-shrink:1;}.css-1sbuyqj{display:inline-block;padding-right:1em;}.css-1336jj{--tpl-color-content-primary:hsla(0,0%,7.06%,1);--tpl-color-content-primaryDim:hsla(0,0%,21.18%,1);--tpl-color-content-secondary:hsla(0,0%,35.3%,1);--tpl-color-content-secondaryDim:hsla(0,0%,44.71%,1);--tpl-color-content-accent:hsla(213.44,55.75%,46.08%,1);--tpl-color-content-accentDim:hsla(205.9,48.72%,38.24%,1);--tpl-color-content-positive:hsla(126.98,53.09%,31.77%,1);--tpl-color-content-negative:hsla(354.29,98.83%,33.34%,1);--tpl-color-content-breaking:hsla(352.72,98.1%,41.18%,1);--tpl-color-content-placeholder:hsla(0,0%,54.51%,1);--tpl-color-stroke-primary:hsla(0,0%,7.06%,1);--tpl-color-stroke-secondary:hsla(0,0%,59.22%,1);--tpl-color-stroke-tertiary:hsla(0,0%,87.46%,1);--tpl-color-background-primary:hsla(0,0%,100%,1);--tpl-color-background-secondary:hsla(0,0%,97.26%,1);--tpl-color-background-tertiary:hsla(0,0%,92.16%,1);--tpl-color-background-highlight:hsla(54.67,95.75%,90.79%,1);--tpl-color-background-scrim:hsla(0,0%,7%,0.6);--serif:georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;--sans-serif:helvetica,arial,sans-serif;--cheltenham:"nyt-cheltenham",var(--serif);--franklin:"nyt-franklin",var(--sans-serif);--imperial:"nyt-imperial",var(--serif);--karnak:"nyt-karnak",var(--serif);--cheltenham-condensed:"nyt-cheltenham-cond",var(--serif);--cheltenham-text-condensed:"nyt-cheltenham-text-cond",var(--serif);}@media (forced-colors:none){.css-1336jj *{outline:0.125rem solid var(--tpl-color-content-accent,#346EB7);outline-offset:0.125rem;outline-color:transparent;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.css-1336jj *{-webkit-transition:outline-color 100ms ease-out;transition:outline-color 100ms ease-out;}}.css-1336jj *:focus{outline:0.125rem solid var(--tpl-color-content-accent,#346EB7);outline-offset:0.125rem;}.css-1336jj *:focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:0.125rem solid transparent;}.css-1336jj *:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem solid var(--tpl-color-content-accent,#346EB7);outline-offset:0.125rem;}.css-1g71tqy{-webkit-animation:fadeIn 2s ease;animation:fadeIn 2s ease;overflow:hidden;display:grid;grid-row-gap:24px;justify-items:center;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;padding:32px 0 40px 0;}@-webkit-keyframes fadeIn{0%{opacity:0;}50%{opacity:0;}100%{opacity:1;}}@keyframes fadeIn{0%{opacity:0;}50%{opacity:0;}100%{opacity:1;}}.css-1b5b8u1{display:block;}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){[data-dark-mode] .css-1b5b8u1 .icon-light{visibility:hidden;}}.css-1b5b8u1 .icon-dark{visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){[data-dark-mode] .css-1b5b8u1 .icon-dark{visibility:visible;}}.css-3kpklk{margin:0;color:var(--tpl-color-content-secondaryDim,#727272);font:500 1rem/1.3 nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;}.css-1ca3kv7{text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.05em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.05em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.05em;letter-spacing:0.05em;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.125rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1ca3kv7{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}.css-1ca3kv7 .css-yywogo{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);border-bottom:2px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1ca3kv7 .css-yywogo:hover,.css-1ca3kv7 .css-yywogo:focus{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);border-bottom:2px solid var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-1ca3kv7 .css-yywogo:visited{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}.css-148f1u0{color:#999999;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;margin-bottom:5px;}@media print{.css-148f1u0{display:none;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-148f1u0{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb;padding-top:20px;}}</style> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(e,t){function n(){if(!o()&&r()){var n=document.createElement("script");n.id="nyt-fides",n.src=e,t.document.head.appendChild(n)}}var a=new URLSearchParams(t.location.search),i=function(e){return(t.document.cookie.split(";").find((function(t){return t.includes(e)}))||"").replace(e,"").trim().charAt(16)},r=function(){var e,n,r,o=a.get("fides-override"),l=i("nyt-purr="),s=i("override-purr=");return 0<(null===(e=t.config)||void 0===e||null===(n=e.tc_info)||void 0===n||null===(r=n.fides_string)||void 0===r?void 0:r.length)||"s"===s||"s"===l||"true"===o},o=function(){return null!==t.document.getElementById("nyt-fides")};n(),t.addEventListener("initWebview:ios",n),t.fidesUtils={isFidesEligible:r}})('https://static01.nyt.com/vi-assets/static-assets/fides-8ff3b866ef707d7b05879c1b02bc31aa.js', window); (function(e){function t(e){var t=e.layerType;return{event:"impression",priority:!0,module:{name:t,label:t,region:"bottom"}}}function n(t){(e.dataLayer||(e.dataLayer=[])).push(t)}function a(t){var n=e.document.getElementById("fides-banner"),a=e.document.getElementById("fides-modal"),i=e.document.getElementById("fides-embed-container"),r="true"===(null==a?void 0:a.getAttribute("aria-hidden"));if(i)return"cmp_layer_2";if(null!==t){if(!n||!a)return"";if(n.contains(t))return"cmp_layer_1";if(a.contains(t))return"cmp_layer_2"}return r?"cmp_layer_1":"cmp_layer_2"}function i(t){var n=new CustomEvent("NYTFidesUpdated",{detail:t});e.dispatchEvent(n)}var r;!0===(null===(r=e.fidesUtils)||void 0===r?void 0:r.isFidesEligible())&&(e.addEventListener("FidesUIShown",(function(e){var a,i=(null==e||null===(a=e.detail)||void 0===a?void 0:a.extraDetails).servingComponent;"tcf_banner"===(void 0===i?"":i)&&n(t({layerType:"cmp_layer_1"}))})),e.addEventListener("click",(function(e){var t=e.target,r="button"===t.type,o="a"===t.nodeName.toLowerCase();if(r||o){var l=function(e){return{"accept all":"accept_all","reject all":"reject_all","manage preferences":"manage_prefs","cookie policy":"cookie_policy","privacy policy":"privacy_policy",purposes:"purposes",features:"features",vendors:"vendors",save:"save"}[e.textContent.toLowerCase()]||""}(t),s=a(t);if(l)n(function(e){var t=e.actionType,n=void 0===t?"":t,a=e.layerType,i=void 0===a?"":a;return{event:"moduleInteraction",eventData:{trigger:"module",type:"click"},module:{name:i,label:i,element:{name:n,label:n}}}}({actionType:l,layerType:s})),i(function(e){var t=e.actionType,n=void 0===t?"":t,a=e.layerType,i=void 0===a?"":a;return{subject:"interaction",data:{name:i,label:i,element:{name:n,label:n}}}}({actionType:l,layerType:s})),e.stopPropagation()}})),e.addEventListener("beforeunload",(function(){var e=a(null);n(t({layerType:"".concat(e,"_exit")}))})))})(window); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // 36.078kB window.viHeadScriptSize = 36.078; window.NYTD = {}; window.vi = window.vi || {}; window.vi.pageType = { type: '', edge: 'vi-story'}; (function () { var userAgent=window.navigator.userAgent||window.navigator.vendor||window.opera||"",inNewsreaderApp=userAgent.includes("nytios")||userAgent.includes("nyt_android"),inXWordsApp=userAgent.includes("nyt_xwords_ios")||userAgent.includes("Crosswords"),inAndroid=userAgent.includes("nyt_android")||userAgent.includes("Crosswords"),iniOS=userAgent.includes("nytios")||userAgent.includes("nyt_xwords_ios"),isInWebviewByUserAgent=(inAndroid||iniOS)&&(inNewsreaderApp||inXWordsApp);function appType(){return inNewsreaderApp?"newsreader":inXWordsApp?"crosswords":""}function deviceType(){return inAndroid?"ANDROID":iniOS?"IOS":""}var _f=function(e){window.vi.webviewEnvironment={appType:appType(),deviceType:deviceType(),isInWebview:e.webviewEnvironment.isInWebview||isInWebviewByUserAgent,isPreloaded:e.webviewEnvironment.isPreloaded}};;_f.apply(null, [{"gqlUrlClient":"https://samizdat-graphql.nytimes.com/graphql/v2","gqlRequestHeaders":{"nyt-app-type":"project-vi","nyt-app-version":"0.0.5","nyt-token":"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs+/oUCTBmD/cLdmcecrnBMHiU/pxQCn2DDyaPKUOXxi4p0uUSZQzsuq1pJ1m5z1i0YGPd1U1OeGHAChWtqoxC7bFMCXcwnE1oyui9G1uobgpm1GdhtwkR7ta7akVTcsF8zxiXx7DNXIPd2nIJFH83rmkZueKrC4JVaNzjvD+Z03piLn5bHWU6+w+rA+kyJtGgZNTXKyPh6EC6o5N+rknNMG5+CdTq35p8f99WjFawSvYgP9V64kgckbTbtdJ6YhVP58TnuYgr12urtwnIqWP9KSJ1e5vmgf3tunMqWNm6+AnsqNj8mCLdCuc5cEB74CwUeQcP2HQQmbCddBy2y0mEwIDAQAB","x-nyt-targeting-dimensions-map":"newsTenure=anon_user"},"gqlFetchTimeout":1500,"disablePersistedQueries":false,"initialDeviceType":"desktop","fastlyAbraConfig":{".ver":"23577.000","AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","DFP_MediaNet_0123":"","HOME_cwv_chartbeat":"0_Control"},"fastlyEntitlements":[],"internalPreviewConfig":{},"webviewEnvironment":{"isInWebview":false,"isPreloaded":false},"isOptimisticallyTruncated":true,"optimisticTruncationDropzone":6,"requestPath":"/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html","isProvisionallyLoggedIn":false,"routeName":"vi-story","serviceWorkerFile":"service-worker-test-1740612315677.js","preloadedServiceWorkerFile":"/vi-assets/static-assets/preloaded-service-worker-1740612512795.js"}]); })();;(function () { var _f=function(i,w){window.vi=window.vi||{},window.vi.env=Object.freeze(i),window.hybrid=w};;_f.apply(null, [{"JKIDD_PATH":"https://a.nytimes.com/svc/nyt/data-layer","ET2_URL":"https://a.et.nytimes.com","ALS_URL":"https://als-svc.nytimes.com","WEDDINGS_PATH":"https://content.api.nytimes.com","GDPR_PATH":"https://us-central1-nyt-dsra-prd.cloudfunctions.net/datagov-dsr-formhandler","RECAPTCHA_SITEKEY":"6LevSGcUAAAAAF-7fVZF05VTRiXvBDAY4vBSPaTF","ABRA_ET_URL":"//et.nytimes.com","NODE_ENV":"production","EXPERIMENTAL_ROUTE_PREFIX":"","ENVIRONMENT":"prd","RELEASE":"1aa71732e0f565e7bc112233016da48586b3ef21","RELEASE_TAG":"","AUTH_HOST":"https://myaccount.nytimes.com","METER_HOST":"https://meter-svc.nytimes.com","MESSAGING_LANDING_PAGE_HOST":"https://www.nytimes.com","CAPI_HOST":"https://mwcm.nytimes.com","SWG_PUBLICATION_ID":"nytimes.com","GQL_FETCH_TIMEOUT":"1500","GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID":"1005640118348-amh5tgkq641oru4fbhr3psm3gt2tcc94.apps.googleusercontent.com","STORY_SURROGATE_CONTROL":"max-age=300, stale-if-error=259200, stale-while-revalidate=259200","ONBOARDING_API_KEY":"","PURR_ENV":"prd"},false]); })();;(function () { var _f=function(){var e=window;e.initWebview=function(e){var t=document.documentElement;if(e.OS){var i=e.OS.toUpperCase();t.classList.add(i)}if(e.BaseFontSize&&(t.dataset.baseFontSize=e.BaseFontSize),e.trackingSensitive&&(t.dataset.trackingSensitive=!0),e.hasOptedOutOfTracking&&(t.dataset.hasOptedOutOfTracking=!0),e.PurrDirectives){var a=e.PurrDirectives.PURR_AdConfiguration_v3||e.PurrDirectives.PURR_AdConfiguration_v2;a&&(t.dataset.optedOutOfAds=["adluce","adluce-socrates"].includes(a))}e.OS&&"IOS"===e.OS.toUpperCase()&&window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("initWebview:ios",{detail:e}))};var t=e.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase();/iphone|ipod|ipad/.test(t)||void 0===e.config||e.initWebview(e.config)};;_f.apply(null, []); })();; (()=>{var Q=1e3,b="pageViewID",Y="getPageViewID",h="contextID",Z="getContextID",ee="NativeBridge unavailable.";async function X(e){if(!T())return Promise.reject("not in webview");try{await U();let t={};return await Promise.all([L(b,Y,e),L(h,Z,e)]).then(o=>{o.forEach(a=>{a.name==b?t[b]=a.id:t[h]=a.id})}),Promise.resolve(t)}catch(t){return Promise.reject(t)}}function T(){if(window?.vi?.webviewEnvironment!==void 0)return window.vi.webviewEnvironment.isInWebview&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment.deviceType=="IOS";if(window?.navigator?.userAgent!==void 0){for(var e=["nytios"],t=0;t<e.length;t++)if(window.navigator.userAgent.includes(e[t]))return!0}return!1}function J(){var e={subject:"page_update",assetUrl:(document.querySelector("link[rel=canonical]")||{}).href,assetId:(document.querySelector("meta[name=articleid]")||{}).content,nyt_uri:(document.querySelector("meta[name=nyt_uri]")||{}).content,url:location.href,client_tz_offset:new Date().getTimezoneOffset(),sourceApp:(document.querySelector("meta[name=sourceApp]")||{}).content||"nytcooking"};window.nyt_et("send",e)}function te(e,t){window.NativeBridge.addEventListener(e+"DidChange",function(o){t(e,o)})}async function L(e,t,o){return window.NativeBridge.callNativeBridgeCommand(t).then(a=>{let _=a.values[e];return te(e,o),Promise.resolve({name:e,id:_})})}async function U(e=0){return window.NativeBridge?Promise.resolve():e>=Q?Promise.reject(ee):new Promise((t,o)=>{setTimeout(function(){return U(e+1).then(t).catch(o)},10)})}function z(e){return!!(Object.keys(e).length==2&&e.hasOwnProperty("gtm")&&e.hasOwnProperty("activeTime")||e.hasOwnProperty("eventData")&&Object.keys(e.eventData).length==2&&e.eventData.hasOwnProperty("gtm")&&e.eventData.hasOwnProperty("activeTime"))}function D(){var e,t,o=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;if(o)t=o.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(18));else for(t=[];t.length<18;)t.push(Math.random()*256^(e=e||+new Date)&255),e=Math.floor(e/256);return btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(String,t)).replace(/\+/g,"-").replace(/\//g,"_")}function F(e,t){var o="",a="",_=!1,c=!1,l=!1,g=!1;if(typeof e=="string"&&e=="init"&&typeof t=="object"&&(_=!!t.intranet,c=!!t.force_xhr,l=!!t.store_last_response,g=!!t.use_webview_dedup_logic,typeof t.pv_id_override=="string"&&typeof t.ctx_id_override=="string"))if(t.pv_id_override.length>=24&&t.ctx_id_override.length>=24)o=t.pv_id_override,a=t.ctx_id_override;else try{console.warn("override id(s) must be >= 24 chars long")}catch{}return{pv_id:o,ctx_id:a,intra:_,store_last_response:l,force_xhr:c,use_webview_dedup_logic:g}}function $(e,t,o,a,_,c,l,g){if(!a&&(l==="beacon"||g&&o)){var f=window.navigator.sendBeacon(e,t);return _&&(last_send_response=f),f}else{var s=typeof XMLHttpRequest<"u"?new XMLHttpRequest:new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");return s.open("POST",e),s.withCredentials=!0,s.setRequestHeader("Accept","*/*"),typeof t=="string"?s.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","text/plain;charset=UTF-8"):{}.toString.call(t)==="[object Blob]"&&t.type&&s.setRequestHeader("Content-Type",t.type),c&&s.setRequestHeader("ETJS-Ignore-Session-Info","true"),_&&!s.onload&&(s.onload=function(){last_send_response=s.response},s.onerror=function(P){last_send_response=!1}),s.send(t),!0}}(function(e,t){if(e.nyt_et){console.warn("et2 snippet should only load once per page");return}var o,a,_,c,l=0,g,f=[],s,P,p={pv_id:"",ctx_id:"",intra:!1,force_xhr:!1,store_last_response:!1,use_webview_dedup_logic:!1},B=typeof e.navigator=="object"&&typeof e.navigator.userAgent=="string"&&/iP(ad|hone|od)/.test(e.navigator.userAgent),O=typeof e.navigator=="object"&&e.navigator.sendBeacon,C=O?B?"xhr_ios":"beacon":"xhr",u=T(),d="",m="",S=0;function K(n,i){if(n!==b&&n!==h){console.error("syncID got unknown id="+n);return}if(!(!i||!i.detail)){var r=i.detail[n]||i.detail.newID;r&&(n===b?d=r:m=r,J())}}function A(n){if(f.length!==0){if(u&&(d===void 0||d==="")){console.log("ERROR: in webview attempting to transmit() but native_pvid not set. Doing nothing...");return}$(a,JSON.stringify(f),n,p.force_xhr,p.store_last_response,u,C,O),f.length=0,clearTimeout(s),s=null}}function x(n){var i,r,v,w,R,H,y=n[0];if(typeof y=="string"&&/init/.test(y)&&(""+JSON.stringify(n),H=!0,p=F(y,n[3]),c=p.pv_id||D(),l+=1,y=="init"&&!_)){if(_=p.ctx_id||D(),typeof n[1]=="string"&&/^http/.test(n[1]))o=String(n[1]).replace(/([^\/])$/,"$1/"),a=o+"track";else throw new Error("init must include an et host url");if(typeof n[2]=="string")g=n[2];else throw new Error("init must include a source app name")}var N=n.length-1;if(n[N]&&typeof n[N]=="object"&&(i=n[N]),!i&&!/init/.test(y)?console.warn("when invoked without 'init' or 'pageinit', nyt_et() must include a event data"):i&&!i.subject&&console.warn("event data {} must include a subject"),!o||!(i&&i.subject)){console.log("ERROR: data must contain subject and et_base_url must be set");return}let j=l==1;var V=!1,I=p.use_webview_dedup_logic;if(u&&p.use_webview_dedup_logic&&H&&j&&i.subject=="page"&&(i.subject="page_update",V=!0),r=i.subject,delete i.subject,w=r=="page_exit"||(i.eventData||{}).type=="ob_click",R=r=="page_update",I&&u&&w&&(r="page_update",w=!1,R=!0),I&&u&&R&&z(i)){S+=1;return}r=="page"||r=="page_soft"?v=c:v=D();let W=c,G=_;I&&u&&j&&(W=d,G=m),f.push({context_id:G,pageview_id:W,event_id:v,client_lib:t,sourceApp:g,intranet:p.intra?1:void 0,subject:r,how:w&&B&&O?"beacon_ios":C,client_ts:+new Date,data:JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(i))}),y=="send"||v==c||w||V?A(w):(y=="soon"&&(clearTimeout(s),s=setTimeout(A,200)),s||(s=setTimeout(A,5500)))}e.nyt_et=function(){var n=arguments;if(u&&d===""){e.nyt_et_buffer=e.nyt_et_buffer||[],e.nyt_et_buffer.push(n);return}x(n)};var k=!1;function M(){if(u&&d===""){return}if(k){q(e.nyt_et_buffer);return}let n=e.nyt_et_buffer;e.nyt_et_buffer=e.nyt_et_buffer||[],q(n),e.nyt_et_buffer.push=new Proxy(e.nyt_et_buffer.push,{apply:function(i,r,v){return console.table("calling window.nyt_et",r,v),x(v),i.apply(r,v)}}),k=!0}M();var E=0;function q(n=[]){if(!g){let i=n?.findIndex(r=>typeof r[0]=="string"&&r[0]==="init");""+i.toString(),i>-1&&x(n[i])}""+E;for(let i=E;i<n.length;i++){let r=n[i];""+E+i,typeof r[0]=="string"&&r[0]!=="init"&&(console.log("non-init event at pos="+i.toString()),x(r)),E++}}e.nyt_et.get_pageview_id=function(){return p.use_webview_dedup_logic&&u&&l>=1?d:c},e.nyt_et.get_context_id=function(){return p.use_webview_dedup_logic&&u&&l>=1?m:_},e.nyt_et.get_host=function(){return o},e.nyt_et.is_running_in_webview=function(){return u},e.nyt_et.get_native_pageview_id=function(){return d},e.nyt_et.get_native_context_id=function(){return m},e.nyt_et.get_buffer_len=function(){f.length},e.nyt_et.get_buffer=function(){return f},e.nyt_et.call_is_running_in_webview=function(){return T()},e.nyt_et.get_last_send_response=function(){var n=P;return n&&(P=null),n},e.nyt_et.get_num_blocked_heartbeats=function(){return S},e.nyt_et.reset_blocked_heartbeat_counts=function(){S=0},u&&X(K).then(n=>{m=n[h],d=n[b],M()}).catch(console.error).finally(console.log)})(window,"v1.4.0");})(); ;(function c(e){var t,n=(null===(t=e=e||("undefined"!=typeof window?window:void 0))||void 0===t?void 0:t.UnifiedTracking)||{};return n.context="web",e?(e.UnifiedTracking=n,n.sendAnalytic=function(t,n){return e.dataLayer=e.dataLayer||[],Array.isArray(e.dataLayer)&&(n.event=n.event||t,e.dataLayer.push(n)),Promise.resolve({success:!0})},n):n})(window);!function(r){var n,t;r=r||self,n=r.Abra,(t=r.Abra=function(){"use strict";var r=Array.isArray,n=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1];if(null==u||""===u)return n;for(var i=String(u).split("."),a=0;a<i.length&&(n=n[i[a]]);a++);return null==n&&(n=o),null!=n?n:null},t=function(r,n,t){return r(t,n).reduce((function(r,n){return parseFloat(r)+parseFloat(n)}),0)},e=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]/e[1]},u=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]%e[1]},o=function(r,n,t){return r(t,n).reduce((function(r,n){return parseFloat(r)*parseFloat(n)}),1)},i=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1];return void 0===o?-u:u-o};function a(n){return!(r(n)&&0===n.length||!n)}var f=function(r,n,t){for(var e,u=0;u<t.length;u++)if(!a(e=r(t[u],n)))return e;return e},c=function(r,n,t){var e;for(e=0;e<t.length-1;e+=2)if(a(r(t[e],n)))return r(t[e+1],n);return t.length===e+1?r(t[e],n):null},l=function(r,n,t){return!a(r(t,n)[0])},v=function(r,n,t){for(var e,u=0;u<t.length;u++)if(a(e=r(t[u],n)))return e;return e},d=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]===e[1]},s=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]!==e[1]},h=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1];return!(!o||void 0===o.indexOf)&&-1!==o.indexOf(u)},g=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]>e[1]},p=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]>=e[1]},b=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1],i=e[2];return void 0===i?u<o:u<o&&o<i},w=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1],i=e[2];return void 0===i?u<=o:u<=o&&o<=i},y=function(r,n,t){var e=t[0],u=t[1],o=t.slice(2),i=r(e,n);if(!i)return null;if(0===o.length)return null;if(1===o.length)return r(o[0],n);if(4294967295===o[0])return r(o[1],n);for(var a=function(r){var n,t,e,u,o,i=[],a=[t=1732584193,e=4023233417,~t,~e,3285377520],f=[],c=unescape(encodeURI(r))+"\x80",l=c.length;for(f[r=--l/4+2|15]=8*l;~l;)f[l>>2]|=c.charCodeAt(l)<<8*~l--;for(n=l=0;n<r;n+=16){for(t=a;l<80;t=[t[4]+(i[l]=l<16?~~f[n+l]:2*c|c<0)+1518500249+[e&u|~e&o,c=341275144+(e^u^o),882459459+(e&u|e&o|u&o),c+1535694389][l++/5>>2]+((c=t[0])<<5|c>>>27),c,e<<30|e>>>2,u,o])c=i[l-3]^i[l-8]^i[l-14]^i[l-16],e=t[1],u=t[2],o=t[3];for(l=5;l;)a[--l]+=t[l]}return a[0]>>>0}(i+" "+r(u,n));o.length>1;){var f=o.splice(0,2),c=f[0],l=f[1];if(a<=r(c,n))return r(l,n)}return 0===o.length?null:r(o[0],n)},k=function(r,n,t){var e=t[0],u=t[1],o=r(e,n);return null==o?null:new RegExp(u).test(o)};return function(a,m,O,A){void 0===a&&(a={}),void 0===m&&(m={}),void 0===O&&(O={}),void 0===A&&(A=!1);var j=function(){var r={},n=function(n){if(n)for(var t,e=decodeURIComponent(n[1]),u=/(?:^|,)([^,=]+)=([^,]*)/g;t=u.exec(e);){var o=t,i=o[1],a=o[2];r[i]=a||null}};n(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *abra-overrides=([^;]+)/)),n(window.location.search.match(/(?:\?|&)abra-overrides=([^&]+)/));var t=/(?:^|;) *abra-nuke=true(?:;|$)/.test(document.cookie)||/(?:\?|&)abra-nuke=true(?:&|$)/.test(window.location.search);return[r,t]}(),x=j[0],E=j[1];Object.keys(O).forEach((function(r){x[r]=O[r]}));var F,C=A||E,R=(F={var:n,if:c,"===":d,"!==":s,and:f,or:v,"!":l,">":g,">=":p,"<":b,"<=":w,"+":t,"-":i,"*":o,"/":e,"%":u,in:h,abtest_partition:y,regex_match:k,ref:function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n)[0];return U(e)}},function n(t,e){if(e||(e={}),r(t))return t.map((function(r){return n(r,e)}));if(!function(n){return"object"==typeof n&&null!==n&&!r(n)&&1===Object.keys(n).length}(t))return t;var u=function(r){return Object.keys(r)[0]}(t),o=t[u];r(o)||(o=[o]);var i=F[u];if(!i)throw new Error("Unrecognized operation "+u);return i(n,e,o)}),U=function(r){if(!r)return null;var n=x[r];if(void 0===n){if(!C){if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(x,r))throw new Error("circular logic");x[r]=void 0,n=R(a[r],m)}void 0===n&&(n=null),x[r]=n}return n};return U}}()).noConflict=function(){return r.Abra=n,t}}(this); ;(function () { var NYTD="undefined"!=typeof window&&window.NYTD?window.NYTD:{};function setupTimeZone(){var e='[data-timezone][data-timezone~="'+(new Date).getHours()+'"] { display: block }',i=document.createElement("style");i.innerHTML=e,document.head.appendChild(i)}function addNYTAppClass(){var e=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{};e&&e.isInWebview&&document.documentElement.classList.add("NYTApp"),e&&e.isPreloaded&&document.documentElement.classList.add("NYTAppPreloaded"),e&&e.deviceType&&document.documentElement.classList.add(window.vi.webviewEnvironment.deviceType)}function addNYTPageTypeClass(){var e=window.vi.pageType.edge;e&&document.documentElement.classList.add("nytapp-"+e)}function isIOSNewsreaderWebview(){return void 0!==window.vi&&void 0!==window.vi.webviewEnvironment&&"IOS"===window.vi.webviewEnvironment.deviceType&&"newsreader"===window.vi.webviewEnvironment.appType}function shouldUseNativePvid(){return void 0!==window.vi&&void 0!==window.vi.webviewEnvironment&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment.isPreloaded||isIOSNewsreaderWebview()}function setNativePageViewId(e){return e?NYTD.PageViewId.current=e:isIOSNewsreaderWebview()?window.NativeBridge.getPageViewID().then(function(e){window.NYTD=window.NYTD||{},window.NYTD.PageViewId=window.NYTD.PageViewId||{},e&&e.values&&e.values.pageViewID?NYTD.PageViewId.current=e.values.pageViewID:NYTD.PageViewId.current="native-bridge-pageview_id-undefined"}).catch(function(){NYTD.PageViewId.current="native-bridge-getpageviewid-catch"}):window.config&&window.config.AdRequirements&&window.config.AdRequirements.page_view_id?NYTD.PageViewId.current=window.config.AdRequirements.page_view_id:NYTD.PageViewId.current="native-pageview_id-unavailable",NYTD.PageViewId.current}function forceNativePageViewIdUpdate(e){setNativePageViewId(e),window.AdSlot4&&window.AdSlot4.updateAdReq&&window.AdSlot4.updateAdReq({page_view_id:e})}function handlePvidDidChange(e){forceNativePageViewIdUpdate(e&&e.detail&&(e.detail.pageViewID||e.detail.newID))}function setupPageViewId(){NYTD.PageViewId={},NYTD.PageViewId.update=function(e){return e?NYTD.PageViewId.current=e:shouldUseNativePvid()?setNativePageViewId():"undefined"!=typeof nyt_et&&"function"==typeof window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id?(window.nyt_et("pageinit"),NYTD.PageViewId.current=window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id()):NYTD.PageViewId.current="no-native-bridge-nor-nyt_et",NYTD.PageViewId.current},shouldUseNativePvid()&&(isIOSNewsreaderWebview()?window.NativeBridge.addEventListener("pageViewIDDidChange",handlePvidDidChange):window.updatePageViewID=forceNativePageViewIdUpdate)}function reRenderEvent(){window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("rerender-programming",{detail:{viewport:window.innerWidth}}))}function setupResizeListeners(){var e=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{},i=window.vi&&window.vi.pageType&&window.vi.pageType.edge;e&&e.isPreloaded&&"vi-homepage"===i&&(window.addEventListener("resize",function(){reRenderEvent("window.onresize callback")}),window.addEventListener("rerender-ready",function(){reRenderEvent("rerender-ready Custom Event callback")}))}var _f=function(){try{document.domain="nytimes.com"}catch(e){}window.swgUserInfoXhrObject=new XMLHttpRequest,setupPageViewId(),setupTimeZone(),addNYTAppClass(),addNYTPageTypeClass(),setupResizeListeners(),window.nyt_et&&"function"==typeof window.nyt_et&&window.nyt_et("init",vi.env.ET2_URL,"nyt-vi",{use_webview_dedup_logic:!0},{subject:"page",canonicalUrl:(document.querySelector("link[rel=canonical]")||{}).href,articleId:(document.querySelector("meta[name=articleid]")||{}).content,nyt_uri:(document.querySelector("meta[name=nyt_uri]")||{}).content,pubpEventId:(document.querySelector("meta[name=pubp_event_id]")||{}).content,url:location.href,referrer:document.referrer||void 0,client_tz_offset:(new Date).getTimezoneOffset()}),shouldUseNativePvid()?setNativePageViewId():"undefined"!=typeof nyt_et&&"function"==typeof window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id?NYTD.PageViewId.current=window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id()||"nyt_et-pageview_id-undefined":NYTD.PageViewId.update();var e=window.reportError;window.reportError=function(){var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments),n=i[0];(n.message.includes("root will switch to client rendering.")||n.message.includes("Minified React error #423"))&&window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("react-hydration-error")),e.apply(null,i)},window.NYTD=NYTD||{}};;_f.apply(null, []); })();;(function () { var NYTD="undefined"!=typeof window&&window.NYTD?window.NYTD:{};var _f=function(n){var e=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment.isPreloaded;function t(){if(window.Abra&&"function"==typeof window.Abra){NYTD.Abra=function(){var t=e?window.getNativeBridgeCookie("nyt-a"):(window.document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *nyt-a=([^;]*)/)||[])[1],i=[];window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[],d.config=n.abraConfig||{},d.reportedAllocations={},d.reportedExposures={};var o=(n.abraURL||"").match(/current[/]([a-zA-Z-]+).json/i);d.integration=o&&o.length>1?o[1]:"";try{d.version=window.Abra(d.config)(".ver")}catch(n){d.version=0}var a=d.config,r={agent_id:t},c=window.Abra(a,r);function d(n){return d.getAbraSync(n).variant}return d.getAbraSync=function(n){var e=d.reportedAllocations[n];if(void 0!==e)return{variant:e,allocated:!0};var t=null,i=!1;try{t=c(n),i=!0}catch(n){}return{variant:t,allocated:i}},d.reportExposure=function(n){var e=d.getAbraSync(n).variant;if(null!=e&&(void 0===d.reportedExposures[n]||e!==d.reportedExposures[n])){d.reportedExposures[n]=e;var t={event:"ab-expose",abtest:{test:n,variant:e,config_ver:d.version,integration:d.integration}};window.UnifiedTracking.sendAnalytic(t.event,t)}},d.alloc=function(){Object.keys(d.config).filter(function(n){return!n.includes(".")}).forEach(function(n){var e=d.getAbraSync(n);e.allocated&&(d.reportedAllocations[n]=e.variant,i.push({test:n,variant:e.variant}))});var n={event:"ab-alloc",abtest:{batch:i}};window.UnifiedTracking.sendAnalytic(n.event,n)},d.alloc(),d}();var t=window.NYTD.Abra.getAbraSync("SP_commentsRefactor_1224").variant;t&&document.documentElement.classList.add("SP_commentsRefactor_1224_"+t),window.NYTD=NYTD||{}}}e&&!window.nativeBridgeCookies?window.initNativeBridgeCookies(t):t()};;_f.apply(null, [{"abraConfig":{".ver":23700,"UPSHOT_wordleStateV2_0306":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"UPSHOT_wordleStateV2_0306",4294967295,"0_Control"]},"UJ_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding_0924":{"if":[{"and":[{"!":{"in":[{"ref":"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1"},["0_holdout"]]}}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"UJ_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding_0924",107374181,"1_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding",214748364,"2_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding",2254857829,"1_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding",4294967295,"2_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding"]}]},"UJ_ResurfaceAAOnboarding_0924":{"if":[{"and":[{"!":{"in":[{"ref":"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1"},["0_holdout"]]}}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"49c3c84d-7935-4652-80a7-50bfc2aaee45",2147483647,"1_ResurfaceAAOnboarding",4294967295,"2_ResurfaceAAOnboarding"]}]},"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1",214748364,"1_best_experience",429496729,"1_best_experience",4294967295,"1_best_experience"]},"SUBX_agent_alloc_holdout_2024H1":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SUBX_agent_alloc_holdout_2024H1",214748364,"1_best_experience",429496729,"1_best_experience",4294967295,"1_best_experience"]},"SUBCON_RES_AIG_SURVEY_228":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SUBCON_RES_AIG_SURVEY_228",4080218930,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Variant"]},"STYLN_LIVE_USER_STATE_API_SWITCH":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_LIVE_USER_STATE_API_SWITCH",4294967295,null]},"STCO_bookModule_0325":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"STCO_bookModule_0325",2147483647,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_TestVariant"]},"SP_ReqToComRollout_Web":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SP_ReqToComRollout_Web",4294967295,"0_Off"]},"SP_commentsRefactor_1224":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SP_commentsRefactor_1224",4294967295,"0_Control"]},"SJ_disrupter_V2_increased_cadence":{"if":[{"and":[{"!":{"in":[{"ref":"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1"},["0_holdout"]]}}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"SJ_disrupter_V2_increased_cadence",4294967295,"2_high_intensity"]}]},"SHA_LiveNativeShare_1024":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SHA_LiveNativeShare_1024",4294967295,"1_Native"]},"SHA_cardShare_0424":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SHA_cardShare_0424",4294967295,"1_Share"]},"SEO_spanishSearchTranslation_0824":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SEO_spanishSearchTranslation_0824",4294967295,null]},"SEO_langInputSearchBar_0824":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SEO_langInputSearchBar_0824",4294967295,"1_Rollout"]},"PERSX_electionNLSignup_0926":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"PERSX_electionNLSignup_0926",4294967295,"1_Variant"]},"ON_news_upsell_sale":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"ON_news_upsell_sale",3865470565,"1_news_upsell",4294967295,"1_news_upsell"]},"OMA_WEB_LIBRARY_OPS_HARDCODED_FALLBACK":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_WEB_LIBRARY_OPS_HARDCODED_FALLBACK",1073741823,null]},"OMA_TIMEOUTROLLOUT_062024":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_TIMEOUTROLLOUT_062024",4294967295,"on"]},"OMA_TermsOfService_0624":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_TermsOfService_0624",214748364,"1_Variant",429496729,"1_Variant",4294967295,"1_Variant"]},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_SELECTION_KILL_SWITCH":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_SELECTION_KILL_SWITCH"]},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_OPS_KILL_SWITCH":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_OPS_KILL_SWITCH"]},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_KILL_SWITCH":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_KILL_SWITCH"]},"OMA_FEDERATED_QUERY":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_FEDERATED_QUERY",64424508,"on",85899345,"on",107374181,"on",128849018,"on",150323854,"on",171798691,"on",193273527,"on",214748364,"on",236223200,"on",257698037,"on",279172873,"on",300647710,"on",322122546,"on",343597383,"on",365072219,"on",386547056,"on",408021892,"on",429496729,"on",450971565,"on",472446402,"on",493921238,"on",515396075,"on",536870911,"on",558345747,"on",579820584,"on",601295420,"on",773094112,"on",1116691496,"on",1503238553,"on",1717986917,"on",1889785609,"on",2126008811,"on",4294967295,"on"]},"OMA_FASTLY_ROLLOUT_09_24":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_FASTLY_ROLLOUT_09_24",214748364,"1_fastly",429496729,"1_fastly",644245093,"1_fastly",858993458,"1_fastly",1288490188,"1_fastly",1717986917,"1_fastly",2576980377,"1_fastly",3435973836,"1_fastly",3865470565,"1_fastly",4294967295,"1_fastly"]},"OMA_DVSP_ROLLOUT":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_DVSP_ROLLOUT",4294967295,"on"]},"OMA_DISABLE_USER_STATE_HYBRID":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_DISABLE_USER_STATE_HYBRID",1073741823,"enabled",4294967295,"enabled"]},"MX_Turn_Off_CAPI_0324":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MX_Turn_Off_CAPI_0324",4294967295,"0_no_capi"]},"MX_NewArchitecture_gateway":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"MX_NewArchitecture_MeterReal"},"1_variant"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MX_NewArchitecture_gateway",21474835,"1_variant",107374181,"1_variant",1073741823,"1_variant",1116691496,"1_variant",1159641169,"1_variant",1267015351,"1_variant",1503238553,"1_variant",1717986917,"1_variant",1932735282,"1_variant",2126008811,"1_variant",4294967295,"1_variant"]}]},"MX_FF_WELCOME_AD":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MX_FF_WELCOME_AD",4294967295,"1_Variant"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_subs_dock":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_subs_dock",2748779068,"0_control",2963527433,"1_survey",4294967295,"0_control"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_regi_dock":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_regi_dock",3822520892,"0_control",3908420238,"1_survey",4294967295,"0_control"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey",2061584301,"0_control",2276332666,"1_survey",3650722201,"0_control",4294967295,"1_survey"]},"GUAC_GROWTH_EXISTING_SUBS_BAR1_SPLIT":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"84bd05a9-a853-4748-90ac-cefc321921e3",858993458,"v7",1288490188,"v7",4294967295,"v7"]},"DFP_Prebid_0624":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"DFP_Prebid_0624",4294967295,"1_Criteo"]},"CONV_TA_PLOPRO":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"7291d95b-8aed-444f-b38e-ff2c59dc2f00",1434519076,"0_control",2864743185,"2_value_cards",4294967295,"2_value_cards"]},"CONV_GUAC_PLOPRO_SLAYER_0224":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_PLOPRO_SLAYER_0224",4294967295,"1_slayer"]},"CONV_GUAC_NewsPaywall_SLAYER_0324":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_NewsPaywall_SLAYER_0324",4294967295,"1_Slayer"]},"CONV_GUAC_CKLP_ExpressCheckOut_RollOut_0124":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_CKLP_ExpressCheckOut_RollOut_0124",4294967295,"1_expresscheckout"]},"CONV_GUAC_CK_AA_Intl_AnnualOffer_0524":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_CK_AA_Intl_AnnualOffer_0524",4294967295,null]},"CONV_GUAC_AALP_SLAYER_0224":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_AALP_SLAYER_0224",4294967295,"1_slayer"]},"CONV_GUAC_AALP_HDAnchor_Test_0424":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_AALP_HDAnchor_Test_0424",1417339207,"1_anchor",4294967295,"1_anchor"]},"CONV_GUAC_AADock_SLAYER_0324":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"CONV_GUAC_AADock_SLAYER_0324",4294967295,"1_slayer"]},"AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv",14315125,"2_low-mid-truncation",214726889,"2_low-mid-truncation",243357141,"2_low-mid-truncation",257672267,"2_low-mid-truncation",271987393,"2_low-mid-truncation",286302519,"2_low-mid-truncation",300617645,"2_low-mid-truncation",314932771,"2_low-mid-truncation",329247897,"2_low-mid-truncation",343563023,"2_low-mid-truncation",357878149,"2_low-mid-truncation",372193275,"2_low-mid-truncation",386508401,"2_low-mid-truncation",400823527,"2_low-mid-truncation",415138653,"2_low-mid-truncation",429453779,"2_low-mid-truncation",443768905,"2_low-mid-truncation",558289913,"2_low-mid-truncation",830277307,"2_low-mid-truncation",1259731087,"2_low-mid-truncation",4294967295,"2_low-mid-truncation"]},"AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv",14315125,"2_low-mid-truncation",214726889,"2_low-mid-truncation",243357141,"2_low-mid-truncation",257672267,"2_low-mid-truncation",271987393,"2_low-mid-truncation",286302519,"2_low-mid-truncation",300617645,"2_low-mid-truncation",314932771,"2_low-mid-truncation",329247897,"2_low-mid-truncation",343563023,"2_low-mid-truncation",357878149,"2_low-mid-truncation",372193275,"2_low-mid-truncation",386508401,"2_low-mid-truncation",400823527,"2_low-mid-truncation",415138653,"2_low-mid-truncation",429453779,"2_low-mid-truncation",443768905,"2_low-mid-truncation",458084031,"2_low-mid-truncation",644180669,"2_low-mid-truncation",844592433,"2_low-mid-truncation",1245415961,"2_low-mid-truncation",4294967295,"2_low-mid-truncation"]},"ACCT_PRODUCT_SWITCH_REDESIGN_DIRECT_TO_REVIEW_TEST":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"ACCT_PRODUCT_SWITCH_REDESIGN_DIRECT_TO_REVIEW_TEST",1431942095,"0_Control",2863454695,"1_No_AA_Merchandising_Card",4294967295,"2_AA_Merchandising_Card"]},"ACAC_SupergraphRollout":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"ACAC_SupergraphRollout",4294967295,"supergraph"]},"AA_OnboardingFlow_MVPFlowAppSequence_WebandApp_V1":{"if":[{"and":[{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)MM($|\\W)"]},{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)CKG($|\\W)"]},{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)ATH($|\\W)"]},{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)WC($|\\W)"]},{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)XWD($|\\W)"]},{"!":{"in":[{"ref":"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1"},["0_holdout"]]}},{"!==":[{"var":"app_version"},"10.44.0"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"AA_OnboardingFlow_MVPFlowAppSequence_WebandApp_V1",773094112,"2_appLater",1275605286,"2_appLater",1346472246,"2_appLater",1360645638,"2_appLater",1374819030,"2_appLater",1388992423,"2_appLater",1403165815,"2_appLater",4294967295,"2_appLater"]}]}},"abraURL":"https://a1.nyt.com/abra-config/current/vi-prd.json"}]); })();;(function () { var _f=function(e,r){var t=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment.isPreloaded;function n(){var n,s,o=e.url;try{n=JSON.parse(e.body)}catch(e){return void console.error("Error parsing body:",e)}try{var i=window.location.search.slice(1).split("&").reduce(function(e,r){return"ip-override"===r.split("=")[0]?"?"+r:e},"");o+=i}catch(e){console.warn(e)}function a(r,n,s,o){var i=new XMLHttpRequest;for(var a in i.withCredentials=!0,i.open(r,n,!0),i.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/json"),i.setRequestHeader("Accept","application/json"),t&&(i.setRequestHeader("NYT-User-Token",window.getNativeBridgeCookie("NYT-S")),i.setRequestHeader("NYT-Agent-ID",window.getNativeBridgeCookie("nyt-a"))),e.headers)i.setRequestHeader(a,e.headers[a]);i.onreadystatechange=function(){i.readyState===XMLHttpRequest.DONE&&o(i)},i.send(s?JSON.stringify(s):null),window.userXhrObject=i}function d(e){var t;if(200===e.status)try{var s=JSON.parse(e.responseText);!s.data&&s.errors&&s.errors.length>0&&"PersistedQueryNotFound"===s.errors[0].message&&(console.warn("Persisted query not found for GET request."),t={operationName:n.operationName,query:n.query,extensions:{persistedQuery:{version:1,sha256Hash:r}},variables:n.variables},a("POST",o,t,function(e){200!==e.status&&console.warn("POST request failed:",e.status,e.statusText)}))}catch(e){console.warn("Error processing response:",e)}else console.warn("Request failed:",e.status,e.statusText)}s="extensions="+encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify({persistedQuery:{version:1,sha256Hash:r}}))+"&operationName="+n.operationName+"&variables="+encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(n.variables)),a("GET",o+"?"+s,null,d)}t&&!window.nativeBridgeCookies?window.initNativeBridgeCookies(function(){n()}):n(),window.userXhrRefresh=function(){return n(),window.userXhrObject}};;_f.apply(null, [{"url":"https://samizdat-graphql.nytimes.com/graphql/v2","body":"{\"operationName\":\"UserQuery\",\"variables\":{},\"query\":\" query UserQuery { user { __typename profile { displayName email givenName } newsletterSubscriptions { newsletters { productCode isFreeTrial freeTrialSignupTime } } userInfo { regiId entitlements demographics { emailSubscriptions wat } } subscriptionDetails { bundleType cancellationDate graceStartDate graceEndDate isFreeTrial hasQueuedSub startDate endDate status hasActiveEntitlements entitlements billingSource promotionTierType subscriptionName subscriptionProducts subscriptionLabels } } } \"}","headers":{"nyt-app-type":"project-vi","nyt-app-version":"0.0.5","nyt-token":"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs+/oUCTBmD/cLdmcecrnBMHiU/pxQCn2DDyaPKUOXxi4p0uUSZQzsuq1pJ1m5z1i0YGPd1U1OeGHAChWtqoxC7bFMCXcwnE1oyui9G1uobgpm1GdhtwkR7ta7akVTcsF8zxiXx7DNXIPd2nIJFH83rmkZueKrC4JVaNzjvD+Z03piLn5bHWU6+w+rA+kyJtGgZNTXKyPh6EC6o5N+rknNMG5+CdTq35p8f99WjFawSvYgP9V64kgckbTbtdJ6YhVP58TnuYgr12urtwnIqWP9KSJ1e5vmgf3tunMqWNm6+AnsqNj8mCLdCuc5cEB74CwUeQcP2HQQmbCddBy2y0mEwIDAQAB","x-nyt-targeting-dimensions-map":"newsTenure=anon_user"}},"18b49c689a1a1dda8e2237a503fe06644b44b0f5ca7b1e821a310d9ea9b64bd9"]); })();;(function () { var registry=window._interactiveRegistry={};function getId(e){for(;(e=e.parentElement)&&!e.matches("[data-sourceid].interactive-body"););return e?e.getAttribute("data-sourceid"):null}window.registerInteractive=function(e){var t={_subs:{cleanup:[],remount:[]},id:e,on:function(e,r){return this._subs[e].push(r),t},errorFound:!1},r=document.getElementById("embed-id-"+e),n=new MutationObserver(function(){(r.textContent.includes("500 Internal Error")||r.textContent.includes("200 undefined"))&&(t.errorFound||(window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("trigger-embed-hydration-"+e)),window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException&&window.Sentry.captureException(new Error("Embed load error, triggered manual rehydration: "+e)),t.errorFound=!0))});r&&n.observe(r,{characterData:!0,attributes:!1,childList:!0,subtree:!0}),registry[e]=t},window.getInteractiveBridge=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e?e:getId(e);return registry[t]}; })();;(function () { var _f=function(){"function"!=typeof window.onInitNativeAds&&(window.onInitNativeAds=function(){})};;_f.apply(null, []); })(); </script> <script>!function(){try{var e="undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:{},n=(new Error).stack;n&&(e._sentryDebugIds=e._sentryDebugIds||{},e._sentryDebugIds[n]="b94694c8-7092-471b-b60e-41fd729f1762",e._sentryDebugIdIdentifier="sentry-dbid-b94694c8-7092-471b-b60e-41fd729f1762")}catch(e){}}();var _global="undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:{};_global.SENTRY_RELEASE={id:"1aa71732e0f565e7bc112233016da48586b3ef21"},function(e){function n(n){for(var r,u,l=n[0],i=n[1],a=n[2],s=0,c=[];s<l.length;s++)u=l[s],Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(o,u)&&o[u]&&c.push(o[u][0]),o[u]=0;for(r in i)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,r)&&(e[r]=i[r]);for(d&&d(n);c.length;)c.shift()();return f.push.apply(f,a||[]),t()}function t(){for(var e,n=0;n<f.length;n++){for(var t=f[n],r=!0,l=1;l<t.length;l++){var i=t[l];0!==o[i]&&(r=!1)}r&&(f.splice(n--,1),e=u(u.s=t[0]))}return e}var r={},o={152:0},f=[];function u(n){if(r[n])return r[n].exports;var t=r[n]={i:n,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[n].call(t.exports,t,t.exports,u),t.l=!0,t.exports}u.m=e,u.c=r,u.d=function(e,n,t){u.o(e,n)||Object.defineProperty(e,n,{enumerable:!0,get:t})},u.r=function(e){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},u.t=function(e,n){if(1&n&&(e=u(e)),8&n)return e;if(4&n&&"object"==typeof e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var t=Object.create(null);if(u.r(t),Object.defineProperty(t,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:e}),2&n&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var r in e)u.d(t,r,function(n){return e[n]}.bind(null,r));return t},u.n=function(e){var n=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return u.d(n,"a",n),n},u.o=function(e,n){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)},u.p="/vi-assets/static-assets/";var l=window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[],i=l.push.bind(l);l.push=n,l=l.slice();for(var a=0;a<l.length;a++)n(l[a]);var d=i;t()}([]); //# sourceMappingURL=runtime~adslot-3055f3d2d5dcb595fc6f.js.map</script> <script async src="/vi-assets/static-assets/adslot-7fdd87617fc98f98a245.js"></script> <script data-rh="true" > (function () { var _f=function(){const n="1_block";function o(n){return window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra?window.NYTD.Abra(n):""}window.adClientUtils={hasActiveToggle:function(r){return o(r)!==n},getAbraVar:o,reportExposure:function(n){window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra&&window.NYTD.Abra.reportExposure&&window.NYTD.Abra.reportExposure(n)},getAdsPurrDirective:function(){let n;if(window&&window.config&&window.config.PurrDirectives)n=window.config.PurrDirectives.PURR_AdConfiguration_v3;else{const o={f:"full",r:"rdp",n:"npa",l:"ltd",s:"adluce-socrates",a:"no-ads"},r=function(n){if("string"!=typeof n)return"";const o=document.cookie.match(new RegExp(n.concat("=([^;]+)")));return o?o[1]:""}("nyt-purr");n=o[r&&r.substring(14,15)]}return n}}};;_f.apply(null, []); })(); (function () { var _f=function(t){try{if(!(e=t,!!(window&&window.adClientUtils&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle)&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle(e)))return;!function(){const t=window&&window.adClientUtils&&window.adClientUtils.getAdsPurrDirective?window.adClientUtils.getAdsPurrDirective():"";if("adluce-socrates"!==t&&"no-ads"!==t){var e=document.createElement("script");e.async="async",e.src="ltd"===t?"//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/js/gpt.js":"//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js",document.head.appendChild(e)}}()}catch(t){console.log(t)}var e};;_f.apply(null, ["dfp_story_toggle"]); })(); (function () { var _f=function(){var t,e,o=50,n=50;function i(t){if(!document.getElementById("3pCheckIframeId")){if(t||(t=1),!document.body){if(t>o)return;return t+=1,setTimeout(i.bind(null,t),n)}var e,a,r;e="https://static01.nyt.com/ads/tpc-check.html",a=document.body,(r=document.createElement("iframe")).src=e,r.id="3pCheckIframeId",r.style="display:none;",r.height=0,r.width=0,a.insertBefore(r,a.firstChild)}}function a(t){if("https://static01.nyt.com"===t.origin)try{"3PCookieSupported"===t.data&&googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","true")}),"3PCookieNotSupported"===t.data&&googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","false")})}catch(t){}}function r(){if(function(){if(Object.prototype.toString.call(window.HTMLElement).indexOf("Constructor")>0)return!0;if("[object SafariRemoteNotification]"===(!window.safari||safari.pushNotification).toString())return!0;try{return window.localStorage&&/Safari/.test(window.navigator.userAgent)}catch(t){return!1}}()){try{window.openDatabase(null,null,null,null)}catch(e){return t(),!0}try{localStorage.length?e():(localStorage.x=1,localStorage.removeItem("x"),e())}catch(o){navigator.cookieEnabled?t():e()}return!0}}!function(){try{googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","unknown")})}catch(t){}}(),t=function(){try{googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","private")})}catch(t){}}||function(){},e=function(){window.addEventListener("message",a,!1),i(0)}||function(){},function(){if(window.webkitRequestFileSystem)return window.webkitRequestFileSystem(window.TEMPORARY,1,e,t),!0}()||r()||function(){if(!window.indexedDB&&(window.PointerEvent||window.MSPointerEvent))return t(),!0}()||e()};;_f.apply(null, ["dfp_story_toggle"]); })(); </script><script data-rh="true" id="als-svc">(function () { var _f=function(e,t,n,i){function l(e,t="impression"){window.UnifiedTracking&&window.UnifiedTracking.sendAnalytic&&window.UnifiedTracking.sendAnalytic(t,e)}var o;if(!(o=n,!!(window&&window.adClientUtils&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle)&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle(o)))return;!function(e){window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra&&window.NYTD.Abra.reportExposure(e)}(n);let a=()=>{var e=new Date,t=e.getFullYear();return e.getMonth()<9&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getMonth()+1,e.getDate()<10&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getDate(),e.getHours()<10&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getHours(),e.getMinutes()<10&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getMinutes(),e.getSeconds()<10&&(t+="0"),t+e.getSeconds()};window.googletag=window.googletag||{},googletag.cmd=googletag.cmd||[];let s=new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("alice_rules_test");var r,d=new XMLHttpRequest,g=window.vi.env.ALS_URL,c=document.querySelector('[name="nyt_uri"]');if(t)r="uri="+(u=t);else if("/"===location.pathname){var u=encodeURIComponent("https://www.nytimes.com/pages/index.html");r="uri="+u}else if(void 0===c||""===c||null===c){var m=e||location.protocol+"//"+location.hostname+location.pathname;r="url="+encodeURIComponent(m)}else{u=encodeURIComponent(c.content);r="uri="+u}var w=i;if(!w){var _=document.querySelector('[name="template"]');w=null==_||null==_.content?"":_.content}var p=document.querySelector('[name="prop"]'),b=document.querySelector('[name="plat"]'),f=null==p||null==p.content?"nyt":p.content,v=null==b||null==b.content?"web":b.content;window.innerWidth<740&&(f="mnyt",v="mweb");var U=window.localStorage.getItem("als_test_clientside"),h=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=U&&0!==U.length?U:"empty_empty_empty_"+a(),t=h||e;googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",t)});var T=window.localStorage.getItem("mktg"),S=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=S||T;e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("mktg",e)});var C,y=window.localStorage.getItem("bt");window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=null!=C?C:y;null!=e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bt",e)});var x=window.localStorage.getItem("sub"),k=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=k||x;e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sub",e)}),r=null==s?r:r+"&alice_rules_test="+s,d.open("GET",g+"/als?"+r+"&typ="+w+"&prop="+f+"&plat="+v,!0),d.withCredentials=!0,d.send(),d.onerror=function(){var e="reqfailed_reqfailed_reqfailed_"+a();h=e,window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",e)}),l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-reqfail-"+r}})},d.onreadystatechange=function(){if(4===d.readyState)if(200===d.status){var e=JSON.parse(d.responseText);h=e.als_test_clientside&&0!==e.als_test_clientside.length?e.als_test_clientside:"bou_bou_bou_"+a(),void 0!==e.User&&(void 0!==e.User.mktg&&(S=e.User.mktg,window.localStorage.setItem("mktg",e.User.mktg)),void 0!==e.User.bt&&(C=e.User.bt,window.localStorage.setItem("bt",e.User.bt)),void 0!==e.User.sub&&(k=e.User.sub,window.localStorage.setItem("sub",e.User.sub)),void 0!==e.User.aid&&(server_aid=e.User.aid,window.localStorage.setItem("aid",e.User.aid))),window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){if(e.als_test_clientside&&0!==e.als_test_clientside.length)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",e.als_test_clientside),window.localStorage.setItem("als_test_clientside","ls-"+e.als_test_clientside);else{var t=void 0===e.als_test_clientside?"undefined_undefined_undefined_"+a():"blank_blank_blank_"+a();googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",t),l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-test-client-undefined"}})}if(void 0!==e.User){if(S)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("mktg",S);else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-mktg-undefined"}});if(void 0!==C)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bt",C);else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-bt-undefined"}});if(k)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sub",k);else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-sub-undefined"}});(e.User.lucidC1||e.User.lucidC2||e.User.lucidC3||e.User.lucidC4||e.User.lucidC5)&&l({c1_val:e.User.lucidC1,c2_val:e.User.lucidC2,c3_val:e.User.lucidC3,c4_val:e.User.lucidC4,c5_val:e.User.lucidC5},"lucidtest")}else{l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-user-undefined"}})}if(void 0!==e.Asset)for(var n in e.Asset){var i=e.Asset[n];if(i)googletag.pubads().setTargeting(n,i);else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-"+n+"-undefined"}})}else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-asset-undefined"}})})}else{d.responseText.substring(0,40);var t="error_"+d.status+"_error_"+a();window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",t)}),l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-ajaxreq-"+d.status+"-"+r}})}}};;_f.apply(null, [null,null,"als_toggle","art"]); })();</script><script data-rh="true" id="adslot-config">(function() { var AdSlot4=function(){"use strict";var e=function(){return window.AdSlot4=window.AdSlot4||{},window.AdSlot4.cmd=window.AdSlot4.cmd||[],window.AdSlot4};var t=function(){return t=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t,n=1,i=arguments.length;n<i;n++)for(var o in t=arguments[n])Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,o)&&(e[o]=t[o]);return e},t.apply(this,arguments)};"function"==typeof SuppressedError&&SuppressedError;var n=[{name:"PURR_AcceptableTrackers",valueMapping:{controllers:"c",processors:"p"}},{name:"PURR_AdConfiguration",valueMapping:{full:"f",npa:"n","adluce-socrates":"s"}},{name:"PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s"}},{name:"PURR_DataProcessingConsentUI",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s"}},{name:"PURR_AcceptableTrackers_v2",valueMapping:{controllers:"c",processors:"p",essentials:"e"}},{name:"PURR_AdConfiguration_v2",valueMapping:{full:"f",rdp:"r",npa:"n",adluce:"a","adluce-socrates":"s"}},{name:"PURR_DataProcessingPreferenceUI",valueMapping:{hide:"h","allow-opt-out":"o","allow-opt-in":"i","allow-opt-in-or-out":"a"}},{name:"PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI_v2",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s","show-opted-out":"o"}},{name:"PURR_CaliforniaNoticesUI",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s"}},{name:"PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI",valueMapping:{checked:"c",unchecked:"u"}},{name:"PURR_DeleteIPAddress",valueMapping:{delete:"d",keep:"k"}},{name:"PURR_AdConfiguration_v3",valueMapping:{full:"f",rdp:"r",npa:"n",ltd:"l","adluce-socrates":"s"}},{name:"PURR_LimitSensitivePI",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s"}},{name:"PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI_v2",valueMapping:{checked:"c",unchecked:"u","do-not-display":"d"}},{name:"PURR_AdConfiguration_v4",valueMapping:{full:"f",rdp:"r",npa:"n",ltd:"l","adluce-socrates":"s","no-ads":"a"}}],i=function(e){return-1!==document.cookie.indexOf(e)},o=function(e){var t,i,o={PURR_AcceptableTrackers:0,PURR_AdConfiguration:5,PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI:2,PURR_DataProcessingConsentUI:3,PURR_AcceptableTrackers_v2:4,PURR_AdConfiguration_v2:5,PURR_DataProcessingPreferenceUI:6,PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI_v2:7,PURR_CaliforniaNoticesUI:8,PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI:9,PURR_DeleteIPAddress:10,PURR_AdConfiguration_v3:11,PURR_LimitSensitivePI:12,PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI_v2:13,PURR_AdConfiguration_v4:14},r=(t=e,2===(i="; ".concat(document.cookie).split("; ".concat(t,"="))).length?i.pop().split(";").shift():null),a={};return Object.keys(o).forEach((function(e){var t,n,i;a[e]=(t=r,n=new RegExp("^.{".concat(o[e],"}(.)")),(null==(i=t.match(n))?void 0:i[1])||"")})),n.forEach((function(e){Object.keys(e.valueMapping).forEach((function(t){e.valueMapping[t]===a[e.name]&&(a[e.name]=t)}))})),a},r={PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI:"hide",PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI_v2:"hide",PURR_CaliforniaNoticesUI:"hide",PURR_DataProcessingConsentUI:"hide",PURR_DataProcessingPreferenceUI:"hide",PURR_AcceptableTrackers_v2:"controllers",PURR_AcceptableTrackers:"controllers",PURR_AdConfiguration_v2:"full",PURR_AdConfiguration:"full",PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI:"unchecked",PURR_DeleteIPAddress:"delete",PURR_AdConfiguration_v3:"full",PURR_LimitSensitivePI:"hide",PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI_v2:"unchecked",PURR_AdConfiguration_v4:"full"},a=function(){var e;try{return function(){if("undefined"!=typeof window){var e=window.navigator.userAgent||window.navigator.vendor,t=-1!==e.indexOf("nyt_android"),n=-1!==e.indexOf("nytios"),i=-1!==e.indexOf("nyt_xwords_ios"),o=-1!==e.indexOf("Crosswords");return t||n||i||o}return!1}()?(null===(e=null===window||void 0===window?void 0:window.config)||void 0===e?void 0:e.PurrDirectives)?window.config.PurrDirectives:i("override-purr")?o("override-purr"):t({},r):i("nyt-purr")?o("nyt-purr"):t({},r)}catch(e){return console.warn("can’t get directives from cookie or config",e),t({},r)}},d=function(){var e={};return"undefined"!=typeof window&&window.document&&window.document.createElement&&(e=a().PURR_AdConfiguration_v3||a().PURR_AdConfiguration_v2),e};var c=function(){return"full"===d()};function s(e,t,n){var i=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],o=document.createElement("script");t&&(o.onload=t),n&&(o.onerror=n),o.src=e,o.async=!0,i.appendChild(o)}var u={32074718:!0,4792640386:!0,21966278:!0,4558311760:!0,4552626466:!0,4400775978:!0,39318518:!0,4874174581:!0,33597638:!0,38636678:!0,38637278:!0,33597998:!0,33613118:!0,30252878:!0,33597758:!0,5154427359:!0},l="script_loader_error",p=function(){e().cmd.push((function(){var t="".concat("GeoEdge"," failed to load");e().events.publish({name:l,value:{message:t}})}))},m=function(){return!window.grumi&&(s("//rumcdn.geoedge.be/b3960cc6-bfd2-4adc-910c-6e917e8a6a0e/grumi-ip.js",null,p),window.grumi={key:"b3960cc6-bfd2-4adc-910c-6e917e8a6a0e",cfg:{advs:u}},!0)},f="A9",v=[[300,50],[320,50],[300,250],[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]],g=function(){if(!window.apstag){var e="".concat(f," not loading properly");console.warn(e)}},w="BidderError",b=function(){e().cmd.push((function(){var t="".concat(f," failed to load");e().events.publish({name:w,value:{type:f,message:t}})}))},_=function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:window;return e.googletag=e.googletag||{},e.googletag.cmd=e.googletag.cmd||[],e.googletag},h=function(e){return!(!window.apstag||!window.apstag.fetchBids)&&(window.apstag.fetchBids({slots:e},void(window.apstag&&window.apstag.setDisplayBids&&_().cmd.push(window.apstag.setDisplayBids()))),!0)},R="AdEmpty",P="AdBlockOn",y="AdDefined",U="AdRefreshed";var I=function(e,t){var n=[].concat(function(e,t){return[].concat(e).slice().sort((function(e,t){return t[0]-e[0]})).find((function(e){return!Number.isNaN(e[0])&&e[0]<t}))}(e,t)).pop();return n&&n.length?n:null},A=function(e,t,n){return function(){var i=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},o=i.sizes,r=void 0===o?[]:o,a=i.truePosition,d=i.id;if(t&&n.fastFetchSlots.map((function(e){return e.id})).includes(d))return!1;var c,s=I(r,window.innerWidth),u=(c=s,Array.isArray(c)?v.filter((function(e){return c.some((function(t){return t[0]===e[0]&&t[1]===e[1]}))})):(console.warn("filterSizes() did not receive an array"),[]));if(u.length>0){var l=(null==n?void 0:n.pageName)||e,p=[{slotID:a||d,slotName:"".concat(a||d,"_").concat(l,"_web"),sizes:u}];return h(p),!0}return!1}},O=function(t,n,i){e().cmd.push((function(){t&&h(function(e,t,n){var i=(null==n?void 0:n.pageName)||t;return n.fastFetchSlots.map((function(e){var t=e.id,n=e.sizes;return{slotID:t,slotName:"".concat(t,"_").concat(i,"_web"),sizes:n}}))}(window.innerWidth,n,i)),e().events.subscribe({name:y,scope:"all",callback:A(n,t,i)})}))},k=function(e,t,n,i){var o=function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"apstag",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:window;if(!t[e]){var n=function(n,i){return t[e]._Q.push([n,i])};t[e]={_Q:[],init:function(){n("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){n("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]}}}return t[e]}("apstag",window);o.init({pubID:"3030",deals:!0,adServer:"googletag",params:{si_section:t}}),O(e,n,i)};function x(e,t,n){return(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||!e)return e;var n=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==n){var i=n.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof i)return i;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:t+""}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function D(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(i=i.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,i)}return n}function S(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?D(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){x(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):D(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}var j={art:{id:["mobile_top","top","story-ad-1","story-ad-2","story-ad-3","story-ad-4","story-ad-5","story-ad-6","bottom"],pos:["mobile_top","top","mid1","mid2","mid3","mid4","mid5","mid6","bottom"]},int:{id:["top","mid1","mid2","bottom"],pos:["top","mid1","mid2","bottom"]},hp:{id:["dfp-ad-top","dfp-ad-mid1","dfp-ad-mid2","dfp-ad-mid3","dfp-ad-bottom"],pos:["top","mid1","mid2","mid3","bottom"]},ss:{id:["right-0","right-1","right-2","right-3"],pos:["mid1","mid1","mid1","mid1"],size:{small:[[300,250]],medium:[[300,250]],large:[[300,250]]}},sf:{id:["top","mid1","mid2"],pos:["top","mid1","mid2"],size:{small:[[300,250]],medium:[[300,250]],large:[[300,250]]}},games:{id:["ad-top","ad-mid1","ad-bottom","intsl"],pos:["top","mid1","bottom","intsl"]},default:{id:["top","mid1","mid2"],pos:["top","mid1","mid2"],size:{small:[[300,250]],medium:[[728,90]],large:[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]]}}},C={top:2088370,mid:2088372,bottom:2088374,intsl:3614988,default:2088376},E={top:544112060,mid:544112063,bottom:544112062,intsl:561454180,default:544112065},M={top:684296214,mid:190706820,bottom:932254072,intsl:868466422,default:153468583},T={top:"NYTimes_728x90_970_top_PB",mid:"NYTimes_728x90_970_mid_PB",bottom:"NYTimes_728x90_970_bot_PB",intsl:"NYT_mobile_Interstitial_Prebid",default:"NYTimes_728x90_970_mid_PB"},z={top:"nytimes_top",mid:"nytimes_mid",bottom:"nytimes_bottom",intsl:"6401830",default:"nytimes_catchall"},N={top:"995821",mid:"995822",bottom:"995823",intsl:"11499610",default:"995824"},B={TOP:"top",MID:"mid",BOTTOM:"bottom",INTSL:"intsl"},Y={buckets:[{max:3,increment:.05},{max:10,increment:.01},{max:20,increment:.1},{max:50,increment:.5},{max:101,increment:1}]},F=function(e,t){return e[Object.values(B).reduce((function(e,n){return t.includes(n)?n:e}),t)]||e.default},Q=function(e,t){var n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:[],i=[{bidder:"appnexus",params:{member:3661,invCode:"nyt_".concat(e,"_").concat(t)}},{bidder:"criteo",params:{pubid:"B7HPLK",networkId:10470}},{bidder:"medianet",params:{cid:"8CU4WQK98",crid:F(M,t)}},{bidder:"rubicon",params:{accountId:12330,siteId:"crosswords"==e?571306:378266,inventory:{invCode:["nyt_".concat(e,"_").concat(t)]},zoneId:F(C,t),position:"top"===t?"atf":"btf"}},{bidder:"openx",params:{unit:F(E,t),delDomain:"nytimes-d.openx.net",customParams:{invCode:"nyt_".concat(e,"_").concat(t)}}},{bidder:"triplelift",params:{inventoryCode:F(T,t)}},{bidder:"pubmatic",params:{publisherId:"163427",adSlot:F(z,t)}},{bidder:"ix",params:{siteId:F(N,t)}}],o=i.filter((function(e){return!["pubmatic","ix"].includes(e.bidder)}));return n.length?i.filter((function(e){return n.includes(e.bidder)})):o},L=function(e){var t;switch(e){case"livebl":t="hp";break;case"coll":t="sf";break;default:t=e}return t in j||(t="default"),t};function V(e,t,n){var i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{},o=i.sizeConfig,r=i.activeBidders,a=i.positionsToFilter,d=void 0===a?[]:a,c=L(t),s=j[c].size?c:"default";return j[c].pos.reduce((function(t,i,a){var u;if(d.includes(i))return t;var l=j[c].id[a],p=S(S({},j[s].size),null==o||null===(u=o[l])||void 0===u?void 0:u.size),m=function(e,t){if(!t||""===t)return{};var n="".concat(t,"/").concat(e);return{ortb2Imp:S(S({},"intsl"===e&&{instl:1}),{},{ext:{gpid:n,data:{pbadslot:n}}})}}(l,n),f=S(S({code:l},m),{},{mediaTypes:{banner:{sizeConfig:[{minViewPort:[970,0],sizes:p.large},{minViewPort:[728,0],sizes:p.medium},{minViewPort:[0,0],sizes:p.small}]}},bids:Q(e,i,r)});return t.push(f),t}),[])}var H="PreBid",K={userSync:{userIds:[{name:"identityLink",params:{pid:"14158",notUse3P:!0},storage:{type:"html5",name:"idl_env",expires:15,refreshInSeconds:1800}},{name:"pairId",params:{liveramp:{storageKey:"_lr_pairId"}}},{name:"uid2",params:{serverPublicKey:"UID2-X-P-MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEb2nFEsnJ0npRQbsCE7O7IINIMdgu4J29kiA1Hm7GYqfTQAsmqgAQD1YfVkuBR319JpxJYrJzO6Vp73++LTlIwA==",subscriptionId:"jCQUsadB4p"}}],syncDelay:3e3}};var q=function(t){window.pbjs=window.pbjs||{},window.pbjs.initAdserverSet||(window.pbjs.initAdserverSet=!0,e().cmd.push((function(){e().events.subscribe({name:y,scope:"all",callback:function(e){_().cmd.push((function(){var n=function(e){var t=L(e);return j[t].id}(t);n.includes(e.id)&&window.pbjs.setTargetingForGPTAsync([e.id])}))}})})))},G=function(t,n,i){var o=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{},r=function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:window;return e.pbjs=e.pbjs||{},e.pbjs.que=e.pbjs.que||[],e.pbjs}(),a=o.priceGranularity;r.setConfig(S({priceGranularity:a||Y},K)),function(t,n,i,o,r){var a=function(e,n){window.pbjs.initAdserverSet=!1,t.requestBids({bidsBackHandler:function(){q(e)},timeout:n})};e().cmd.push((function(){t.que.push((function(){t.addAdUnits(V(n,i,o,r)),a(i,1e4),e().events.subscribe({name:U,scope:"all",callback:function(){a(i,800)}})}))}))}(r,t,n,i,o)},J=function(){e().cmd.push((function(){var t="".concat(H," failed to load");e().events.publish({name:w,value:{type:H,message:t}})}))},Z=function(e,t,n,i){if(!window.pbjs){return s("https://www.nytimes.com/ads/prebid9.26.0.js",function(e,t,n,i){return function(){window.pbjs||console.log("prebid did not load"),G(e,t,n,i)}}(e,t,n,i),J),!0}return!1},W=function(){try{var e=((i=document.createElement("div")).innerHTML=" ",i.className="ad adsbox pub_300x250 pub_300x250m pub_728x90 text-ad textAd text_ad ad-server",i.style="width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; position: absolute !important; left: -10000px !important; top: -1000px !important;",document.body.prepend(i),document.getElementsByClassName("ad adsbox")[0]),t=!(!(n=e)||0!==n.offsetHeight&&0!==n.clientHeight)||function(e){if(void 0!==window.getComputedStyle){var t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null);if(t&&("none"===t.getPropertyValue("display")||"hidden"===t.getPropertyValue("visibility")))return!0}return!1}(e);return function(e){document.body.removeChild(e)}(e),t}catch(e){console.error("ad class check failed",e)}var n,i;return!1},X=function(){return!(window&&window.AdSlot&&window.AdSlot.AdSlotReady)||(!(window&&window.googletag&&window.googletag.apiReady)||W())},$=function(){var e=window&&window.nyt_et&&window.nyt_et.get_host&&window.nyt_et.get_host();return e?fetch("".concat(e,"/.status"),{credentials:"include",headers:{accept:"*/*","content-type":"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"},mode:"no-cors"}).then((function(){return{success:!0}})).catch((function(e){return console.error("et track blocked",e),{success:!1}})):Promise.resolve({success:!1})};var ee,te,ne=function(e,t,n){var i=function(e){if(!document||!document.cookie||!document.cookie.match)return"";var t=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("".concat(e,"=([^;]+)")));return t?t[1]:""}("nyt-a")||null,o=!!(window&&window.matchMedia&&window.matchMedia("(max-width: 739px)").matches);return"".concat("https://a-reporting.nytimes.com/report.jpg","?mobile=").concat(o,"&block=").concat(n,"&aid=").concat(i,"&pvid=").concat(e,"&et=").concat(t)},ie=function(e,t,n){return!!(window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra&&"1_network_detection"===window.NYTD.Abra("DFP_blockDetect_0221"))&&((new Image).src=ne(e,t,n),!0)},oe=function(t,n){n&&e().cmd.push((function(){var t=e();t.events&&t.events.publish({name:R,value:{type:P}})}));var i=!1;return $().then((function(){i=(arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{success:!1}).success})).catch((function(){})).finally((function(){ie(t,i,n)}))},re=function(e){window.addEventListener("load",function(e){return function(){oe(e,X())}}(e))},ae=function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(ee)return!1;var t,n,i=e.loadAmazon,o=void 0===i||i,r=e.loadPrebid,a=void 0===r||r,d=e.setFastFetch,u=void 0!==d&&d,l=e.loadGeoEdge,p=void 0===l||l,f=e.section,v=void 0===f?"none":f,w=e.adUnitPath,_=void 0===w?"":w,h=e.pageViewId,R=void 0===h?"":h,P=e.pageType,y=void 0===P?"":P,U=e.prebidOverrides,I=void 0===U?{}:U,A=e.amazonOverrides,O=void 0===A?{}:A;if(t=document.referrer||"",(n=/([a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+)(@|%40)([a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+).([a-zA-Z]{2,5})/).test(t)||n.test(window.location.href))return!1;if(c()){var x=new RegExp(/art/).test(y)?"art":y;p&&m(),o&&function(e,t,n,i){!window.apstag&&(s("//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js",g,b),k(e,t,n,i))}(u,v,x,O),a&&Z(v,x,_,I)}return re(R),ee=!0,!0};return(te=e()).loadScripts=te.loadScripts||ae,window.AdSlot4=te,te}(); (function () { var _f=function(e={}){const i=window&&window.AdSlot4,t=!!window.adClientUtils.getAbraVar("DFP_Prebid_Web_Toggle_0924"),n=!!window.adClientUtils.getAbraVar("DFP_Amzn_Web_Toggle_0924"),o=!!window.adClientUtils.getAbraVar("DFP_MediaNet_Web_Toggle_0125"),a=window.adClientUtils.getAbraVar("DFP_Prebid_0624"),d=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{},r=d&&"IOS"===d.deviceType&&d.isInWebview;function w(){const e=window.matchMedia("(max-width: 739px)");return e&&e.matches}try{const{adToggleMap:d,pageType:s,prebidOverrides:c,adSizesMapping:l,section:p,adUnitPath:g,isSectionThirdPartyEligible:u,setFastFetch:b,headerBidding:m={}}=e,h=function(e,i){const t=window.matchMedia("(min-width: 741px)").matches?"large":window.matchMedia("(min-width: 601px)").matches?"medium":"small";return{pageName:e,fastFetchSlots:function(e,i){return"art"!==i&&"hp"!==i?["top"]:"art"===i?"small"===e?["mobile_top"]:["top"]:"small"===e?[]:["dfp-ad-top"]}(t,e).map(e=>({id:e,sizes:i[e][t]}))}}(s,l),{useAmazon:_,usePrebid:A,useMediaNet:P}=m,y=Object.keys(d).reduce((e,i)=>{const t=d[i]||"";return e[i]=function(e){return!!(window&&window.adClientUtils&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle)&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle(e)}(t),e},{}),{amazon:S,geoedge:T}=y,v=c&&c.positionsToFilter||[],x=w()?v.concat(["top"]):v,f=["appnexus","medianet","rubicon","openx","triplelift","ix","pubmatic"];if(a&&window.adClientUtils.reportExposure("DFP_Prebid_0624"),"1_Criteo"===a&&f.push("criteo"),"function"==typeof i.loadScripts&&i.loadScripts({loadAmazon:_&&S&&u&&!n,loadPrebid:A&&u&&!t&&!r,loadMediaNet:P&&u&&!o,setFastFetch:"art"===s?b:!w()&&b,section:p,adUnitPath:g,prebidOverrides:{...c,positionsToFilter:x,activeBidders:f},amazonOverrides:h,pageType:s,pageViewId:window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.PageViewId&&window.NYTD.PageViewId.current?window.NYTD.PageViewId.current:"",loadGeoEdge:T}),t&&window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException){const e=new Error("Ads are disabled via Abra toggle - Prebid");window.Sentry.captureException(e)}if(n&&window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException){const e=new Error("Ads are disabled via Abra toggle - Amazon");window.Sentry.captureException(e)}if(o&&window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException){const e=new Error("Ads are disabled via Abra toggle - MediaNet");window.Sentry.captureException(e)}}catch(e){console.error(e)}};;_f.apply(null, [{"adToggleMap":{"amazon":"amazon_story_toggle","medianet":"medianet_story_toggle","dfp":"dfp_story_toggle","geoedge":"geoedge_toggle"},"pageType":"art","section":"science","adUnitPath":"/29390238/nyt/science","isSectionThirdPartyEligible":true,"setFastFetch":true,"prebidOverrides":{},"adSizesMapping":{"mobile_top":{"medium":[[300,50],[320,50]],"small":[[300,50],[320,50]]},"top":{"large":[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]],"medium":[[728,90],[300,250]],"small":[[300,250]]},"dfp-ad-top":{"large":[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]],"medium":[[728,90],[300,250]],"small":[[300,250]]}},"headerBidding":{"useAmazon":true,"usePrebid":true,"useMediaNet":false}}]); })(); (function () { var _f=function(t={},e={},n=""){window.AdSlot4=window.AdSlot4||{},window.AdSlot4.cmd=window.AdSlot4.cmd||[],window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements={mergeObjects:function(t,...e){return e.reduce(function(t,e){return Object.entries(e).reduce(function(t,[e,n]){return t[e]&&null==n?t:Object.assign({},t,{[e]:n})},t)},t)},isFunction:function(t){return"[object Function]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(t)},getWebviewEnv:function(){return window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{}},getAbraVariant:function(t){if(!(window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra&&window.NYTD.Abra.getAbraSync&&this.isFunction(window.NYTD.Abra.getAbraSync)))return void console.warn("Abra does not exist or is not a function");const e=window.NYTD.Abra.getAbraSync(t);return e&&e.variant},shouldHaltDFP:function(t){return"1_block"===this.getAbraVariant(t)},isAdsDisabled:function(t={}){const{adTargeting:{section:e}={},adsDisabled:n,adUnitPath:i=""}=t,o=i&&i.toLowerCase&&i.toLowerCase().includes("tragedy"),r=!!this.getAbraVariant("DFP_GPT_Web_Toggle_0924");if(r&&window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException){const t=new Error("Ads are disabled via Abra toggle");window.Sentry.captureException(t)}return n||"learning"===e||o||r},getSov:function(t={}){return t.sov=t.sov||(Math.floor(4*Math.random())+1).toString(),{sov:t.sov}},getPageViewId:function(t){return{page_view_id:t&&t.current}},getUserData:function(t="{}"){try{const e=JSON.parse(t).data;return e&&e.user}catch(t){console.warn("userinfo data unavailable")}},getEm:function(t){return t&&t.length?{em:t.toString().toLowerCase()}:{}},getWat:function(t){return t?{wat:t.toLowerCase()}:{}},getDemographics:function(t){return this.mergeObjects(this.getEm(t&&t.emailSubscriptions),this.getWat(t&&t.wat))},isValidDfpTest:function(t){return t.toLowerCase().indexOf("dfp")>-1},joinArgumentsForVariant:function(){if(arguments.length)return[].slice.call(arguments).join("_").toLowerCase()},reduceAbraConfigKeysToDfpVariants:function(t=[],e=""){const n=this.getAbraVariant(e),i=this.joinArgumentsForVariant(e,n);return n&&i?t.concat(i):t},reduceFastlyAbraToDfpVariants:function(t=[],[e,n]=[]){const i=this.isValidDfpTest(e)&&n&&this.joinArgumentsForVariant(e,n);return i?t.concat(i):t},getDFPTestNames:function(t={}){if(!t)return[];const e=this.isValidDfpTest;return Object.keys(t).filter(function(t){return e(t)})},getAbraDfpVariants:function(t={},e={}){let n=[],i=[];if(Object.keys(e).length&&(i=Object.entries(e).reduce(this.reduceFastlyAbraToDfpVariants,[])),t.config&&t.getAbraSync){n=this.getDFPTestNames(t.config).reduce(this.reduceAbraConfigKeysToDfpVariants,[])}return{abra_dfp:[...n,...i]}},isMobile:function(t){const e=t.matchMedia("(max-width: 739px)");return e&&e.matches},isManualRefresh:function(t={}){return!(!t.navigation||1!==t.navigation.type)},getAltLangFromPathname:function(t=""){return 0===t.indexOf("/es/")?"es":""},getAdTargetingProperty:function(t=!1,e=""){let n=t?"m":"";return{prop:(n+=e)+"nyt"}},getAdTargetingPlatform:function(t=!1){return{plat:(t?"m":"")+"web"}},getAdTargetingEdition:function(t=""){return t.length?{edn:t}:{}},getAdTargetingVersion:function(t=!1){return{ver:(t?"m":"")+"vi"}},getNYTA:function(){var t=window.document.cookie.split(";").find(t=>t.includes("nyt-a"))||null;return t&&t.split("=").pop()||null},getHash53:function(t,e){let n=3735928559^e,i=1103547991^e;for(let e,o=0;o<t.length;o++)e=t.charCodeAt(o),n=Math.imul(n^e,2654435761),i=Math.imul(i^e,1597334677);return n=Math.imul(n^n>>>16,2246822507),n^=Math.imul(i^i>>>13,3266489909),i=Math.imul(i^i>>>16,2246822507),4294967296*(2097151&(i^=Math.imul(n^n>>>13,3266489909)))+(n>>>0)},getHashNYTA:function(){var t=this.getNYTA();if(!t)return;let e=this.getHash53(t,64).toString();return e.length<22&&(e=parseInt(e).toString(36)+this.getHash53(t,32).toString(36)+this.getHash53(t,16).toString(36)),e},getPublisherProvidedID:function(){return window.config&&window.config.userInfo&&window.config.userInfo.publisherProvidedID?window.config.userInfo.publisherProvidedID:this.getHashNYTA()},getLazyLoadOffset:function(t){let e=400;if(this.getWebviewEnv().isPreloaded){const n=window.screen&&window.screen.height,i=window.innerHeight,o="hp"===t?8:2;(n||i)&&(e=(n||i)*o)}return e},getAdTargetingHome:function(t,e,n){let i={},o={};return"hp"===t&&(i=e?{topRef:e}:{},o=n?{refresh:"manual"}:{}),this.mergeObjects(i,o)},getHybridConfigAdTargeting:function(t){let e={};return t&&t.config&&t.config.AdRequirements&&this.getWebviewEnv().isPreloaded&&(e=t.config.AdRequirements,"hp"===t.config.AdRequirements.typ&&(delete e.artlen,delete e.ledemedsz)),e},updateAdTargeting:function(t){if(!t)return;let e=t;if("string"==typeof e)try{e=JSON.parse(e)}catch(t){return void console.error("[updateAdTargeting - error parsing ad targeting]",t)}window.AdSlot4&&window.AdSlot4.updateAdReq&&window.AdSlot4.updateAdReq(e)},getAdTargeting:function(t={},n={}){const i=window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra?window.NYTD.Abra:{},o=this.isMobile(window),r=this.getAltLangFromPathname(window.location.pathname),a=this.isManualRefresh(performance);return this.mergeObjects(t,this.getDemographics(n),this.getAdTargetingProperty(o,r),this.getAdTargetingPlatform(o),this.getAdTargetingEdition(r),this.getAdTargetingVersion(o),this.getAdTargetingHome(t.typ,document.referrer,a),this.getAbraDfpVariants(i,e),this.getSov(window),this.getHybridConfigAdTargeting(window),this.getPageViewId(window.NYTD.PageViewId))},testReadyForAds:function(){const t="complete"===document.readyState,e=window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.PageViewId&&window.NYTD.PageViewId.current;return!(!t||!e)},whenReadyForAds:function(t){this.isFunction(t)?this.testReadyForAds()?t():window.addEventListener("readyForAds",t):console.warn("whenReadyForAds expects function")},signalIfReadyForAds:function(){this.testReadyForAds()&&window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("readyForAds",{}))},init:function(t){window.AdSlot4.init&&this.isFunction(window.AdSlot4.init)?window.AdSlot4.init&&window.AdSlot4.init(t):console.warn("AdSlot4.init does not exist or is not a function")},generateConfig:function(t={},e={},n={}){const i=n&&n.userInfo&&n.userInfo.demographics;return this.mergeObjects(t,e,{offset:this.getLazyLoadOffset(e.adTargeting&&e.adTargeting.typ),adTargeting:this.getAdTargeting(e.adTargeting,i),haltDFP:this.shouldHaltDFP(e.dfpToggleName||t.dfpToggleName),adsDisabled:this.isAdsDisabled(e),enablePPID:AdSlot4.clientRequirements.getPublisherProvidedID()})}};for(let t in window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements)window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements[t]=window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements[t].bind(window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements);const i={adUnitPath:"/29390238/nyt/thisIsNotAPath",hideTopAd:AdSlot4.clientRequirements.isMobile(window),lockdownAds:!1,sizeMapping:{top:[[970,["fluid",[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[1605,300]]],[728,["fluid",[728,90],[1605,300]]],[0,[]]],fp1:[[0,[[195,250],[215,270]]]],fp2:[[0,[[195,250],[215,270]]]],fp3:[[0,[[195,250],[215,270]]]],feat1:[[0,["fluid"]]],feat2:[[0,["fluid"]]],feat3:[[0,["fluid"]]],feat4:[[0,["fluid"]]],mktg:[[1020,[300,250]],[0,[]]],pencil:[[728,[[336,46]],[0,[]]]],pp_edpick:[[0,["fluid"]]],pp_morein:[[0,["fluid"],[210,218]]],ribbon:[[0,["fluid"]]],sponsor:[[765,[150,50]],[0,[320,25]]],supplemental:[[1020,[[300,250],[300,600]]],[0,[]]],chat:[[0,[[300,250],[300,420]]]],column:[[0,[[300,250],[300,420]]]],ressint:[[600,["fluid"]],[0,[[300,250]]]],mobile_top:[[0,[[300,50],[320,50]]]],default:[[970,["fluid",[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[1605,300]]],[728,["fluid",[728,90],[300,250],[1605,300]]],[0,["fluid",[300,250],[300,420]]]]},adTargeting:{},haltDFP:!1,dfpToggleName:t.dfpToggleName,lazyApi:t.lazyApi||{},adsDisabled:!1};window.AdSlot4.cmd.push(function(){const e=window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements,o=e.getUserData(window&&window.userXhrObject&&window.userXhrObject.responseText);if(e.getWebviewEnv().isPreloaded){if(window.updateAdTargeting=e.updateAdTargeting,window.addEventListener("load",e.signalIfReadyForAds),n){window.googletag=window.googletag||{},window.googletag.cmd=window.googletag.cmd||[];const t="https://www.nytimes.com"+n;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){window.googletag.pubads().set("page_url",t)})}e.whenReadyForAds(function(){const n=e.generateConfig(i,t,o);e.init(n)})}else{const n=e.generateConfig(i,t,o);e.init(n)}})};;_f.apply(null, [{"adTargeting":{"edn":"us","test":"projectvi","ver":"vi","template":"article","hasVideo":"false","vp":"small","geo":"delawareriver","section":"science","id":"100000009803151","brandsensitive":"false","artlen":"medium","auth":"davidwaldstein","des":"yourfeedscience,baseball,sportinggoodsandequipment,soil,rivers,research","ledemedsz":"none","at":"162","org":"majorleaguebaseball,proceedingsofthenationalacadem","col":"trilobites","typ_materials":"#news#","is_viral_on_social":"false","als_test":"1740648881279","coll":"trilobites,mlbnews,sports,science,newyorktimessports,ineducationenvironmentalscienc,amp","slug":"mud","bsc":"84031001,84192005,84191001,84161001,84221001,84222003,84162001,84032003,84032006","prop":"mnyt","typ":"art","pt":"nt10,nt12,nt15,nt17,nt19,nt2,nt21,nt3,nt4,nt5,nt7,nt9,pt13","abs":"51000181,51006965,51004788,51004663,51006174,51004556,51005641,51006821,51005604,51006813,51006270,51006834,51005445,51002721,51004900,51007151,51005893,51000094,51007049,51004260,51002642,51005902,51003740,51004157,51005217,51005695,51007071,51006314,51001538,51004619,51002435,51004843,51004975","mt":"MT7","plat":"mweb","si_section":"science","gscat":"gs_t"},"adUnitPath":"/29390238/nyt/science","dfpToggleName":"dfp_story_toggle","adsDisabled":false},{".ver":"23577.000","AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","DFP_MediaNet_0123":"","HOME_cwv_chartbeat":"0_Control"},"/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html"]); })(); })(); </script><script data-rh="true" id="live-ramp">(function () { var _f=function(){var e=function(e){var t=document.cookie.match(new RegExp(e+"=([^;]+)"));if(t)return t[1]}("nyt-purr"),t=e&&e.substring(14,15)||"",a=window.navigator.userAgent.match(/(nyt)[_wd-]*(ios)/i),n="atsd",o="_lr_atsDirect";if(!(e&&"r"===t||e&&"l"===t||a)){!function(){if(document||document.head){var e=document.createElement("link");e.href="https://launchpad.privacymanager.io/latest/launchpad.bundle.js",e.as="script",document.head.appendChild(e);var t=document.createElement("script");t.async=!1,t.defer=!0,t.src="https://launchpad-wrapper.privacymanager.io/9fab0bf6-df63-42ca-acc5-caf4de668f40/launchpad-liveramp.js",document.head.appendChild(t)}}();var c=function(){var e,t=[];if(-1!==document.cookie.indexOf(o))try{e=(e=(e=document.cookie.split(";")).filter(e=>e.includes(o)))[0].split("=")[1],e=atob(decodeURIComponent(e)),t=JSON.parse(e).envelope}catch(e){console.warn("Error parsing targeting from cookie.",e)}return t}();c.length>0&&function(e){window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]},googletag.cmd.push(()=>{googletag.pubads().setTargeting(n,e)})}(c)}};;_f.apply(null, []); })();</script> </head> <body> <div id="app"><div><div><div class="vi-gateway-container" data-testid="vi-gateway-container"><div><div data-agent-experiment="loading" data-regi-experiment="loading" data-feature-gate="loading" data-dynamic-config="loading" data-layer="loading" data-testid="masthead-container" class="NYTAppHideMasthead css-1d02gzt e1m0pzr40"><header class="css-1bymuyk e1m0pzr41"><section class="css-10xu8a0 e1m0pzr42"><div class="css-1ch6mhx ea180rp0"><a class="css-wsvg60" href="#site-content">Skip to content</a><a class="css-wsvg60" href="#site-index">Skip to site index</a></div><div id="masthead-section-label" class="css-1wr3we4 ek6sfxi0"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/science" class="css-nuvmzp">Science</a></div><div class="css-10698na ell52qj0"><a data-testid="masthead-mobile-logo" aria-label="New York Times homepage" class="css-ijmohz ell52qj1" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 184 25" fill="#000000" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M14.57,2.57C14.57,.55,12.65-.06,11.04,.01V.19c.96,.07,1.7,.46,1.7,1.11,0,.45-.32,1.01-1.28,1.01-.76,0-2.02-.45-3.2-.84-1.3-.45-2.54-.87-3.57-.87-2.02,0-3.55,1.5-3.55,3.36,0,1.5,1.16,2.02,1.63,2.21l.03-.07c-.3-.2-.49-.42-.49-1.06,0-.54,.39-1.26,1.43-1.26,.94,0,2.17,.42,3.8,.88,1.4,.39,2.91,.76,3.75,.87v3.28l-1.58,1.3,1.58,1.36v4.49c-.81,.46-1.75,.61-2.56,.61-1.5,0-2.88-.42-4.02-1.68l4.26-2.07V5.73l-5.2,2.32c.54-1.38,1.55-2.41,2.66-3.08l-.03-.08C3.31,5.73,.5,8.56,.5,12.06c0,4.19,3.35,7.3,7.22,7.3,4.19,0,6.65-3.28,6.61-6.75h-.08c-.61,1.33-1.63,2.59-2.78,3.25v-4.38l1.65-1.33-1.65-1.33v-3.28c1.53,0,3.11-1.01,3.11-2.96M5.8,14.13l-1.21,.61c-.74-.96-1.23-2.32-1.23-4.07,0-.72,.08-1.7,.32-2.39l2.14-.96-.03,6.8h0Zm19.47-5.76l-.81,.64-2.47-2.2-2.86,2.21V.48l-3.89,2.69c.45,.15,.99,.39,.99,1.43v11.81l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15-.79,.52-1.08-1.08v-7.12l.74-.54,1.7,1.48v6.19c0,3.92-.87,4.73-2.63,5.37v.1c2.93,.12,5.57-.87,5.57-5.89v-6.75l.88-.72-.12-.15h0Zm5.22,10.8l4.51-3.62-.12-.17-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.8l-1.01,.79,.12,.15,.96-.76,3.5,2.54h-.01Zm-.69-5.67v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6ZM53.65,1.61c0-.32-.08-.59-.2-.96h-.07c-.32,.87-.67,1.33-1.68,1.33-.88,0-1.58-.54-1.95-.94,0,.03-2.96,3.42-2.96,3.42l.15,.12,.84-.96c.64,.49,1.21,1.06,2.63,1.08V13.34l-6.06-10.5c-.47-.79-1.28-1.97-2.66-1.97-1.63,0-2.86,1.4-2.66,3.77h.1c.12-.59,.47-1.33,1.18-1.33,.57,0,1.03,.54,1.3,1.03v3.38c-1.87,0-2.93,.87-2.93,2.34,0,.61,.45,1.94,1.72,2.17v-.07c-.17-.17-.34-.32-.34-.67,0-.57,.42-.88,1.18-.88,.12,0,.3,.03,.37,.05v4.38c-2.2,.03-3.89,1.23-3.89,3.31s1.7,2.88,3.47,2.78v-.07c-1.11-.12-1.68-.69-1.68-1.5,0-.88,.64-1.36,1.45-1.36s1.43,.52,1.95,1.11l2.96-3.33-.12-.12-.76,.87c-1.14-1.01-1.87-1.48-3.18-1.68V4.67l8.36,14.57h.45V4.72c1.6-.1,3.03-1.3,3.03-3.11m2.81,17.54l4.51-3.62-.12-.17-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.8l-1.01,.79,.12,.15,.96-.76,3.5,2.54h0Zm-.69-5.67v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6Zm21.22-5.52l-.69,.52-1.97-1.68-2.29,2.07,.94,.88v7.72l-2.34-1.6v-6.26l.81-.57-2.41-2.24-2.24,2.07,.94,.88v7.46l-.15,.1-2.2-1.6v-6.13c0-1.43-.72-1.85-1.63-2.41-.76-.47-1.16-.91-1.16-1.63,0-.79,.69-1.11,.91-1.23-.79-.03-2.98,.76-3.03,2.76-.03,1.03,.47,1.48,.99,1.97,.52,.49,1.01,.96,1.01,1.83v6.01l-1.06,.84,.12,.12,1.01-.79,2.63,2.14,2.51-1.75,2.76,1.75,5.42-3.2v-6.95l1.21-.94-.1-.15h0Zm18.15-5.84l-1.03,.94-2.32-2.02-3.13,2.51V1.19h-.19V18.12c-.34-.05-1.06-.25-1.85-.37V3.58c0-1.03-.74-2.47-2.59-2.47s-3.01,1.56-3.01,2.91h.08c.1-.61,.52-1.16,1.13-1.16s1.18,.39,1.18,1.78v4.04c-1.75,.07-2.81,1.16-2.81,2.34,0,.67,.42,1.92,1.75,1.97v-.1c-.45-.19-.54-.42-.54-.67,0-.59,.57-.79,1.36-.79h.19v6.51c-1.5,.52-2.2,1.53-2.2,2.78,0,1.72,1.38,3.05,3.4,3.05,1.43,0,2.44-.25,3.75-.54,1.06-.22,2.21-.47,2.83-.47,.79,0,1.14,.35,1.14,.91,0,.72-.27,1.08-.69,1.21v.1c1.7-.32,2.69-1.3,2.69-2.83s-1.5-2.54-3.18-2.54c-.87,0-2.44,.27-3.72,.57-1.43,.32-2.66,.47-3.11,.47-.72,0-1.6-.32-1.6-1.28,0-.87,.72-1.56,2.49-1.56,.96,0,1.9,.15,3.08,.42,1.26,.27,2.12,.64,3.2,.64,1.5,0,2.71-.54,2.71-2.74V3.29l1.11-1.01-.12-.15h0Zm-4.24,6.78c-.27,.3-.59,.54-1.11,.54-.57,0-.87-.3-1.14-.54V3.81l.74-.59,1.5,1.28v4.41h0Zm0,2.41c-.25-.25-.57-.47-1.11-.47s-.91,.27-1.14,.47v-2.17c.22,.19,.59,.49,1.14,.49s.87-.25,1.11-.49v2.17Zm0,5.1c0,.84-.42,1.78-1.5,1.78-.17,0-.57-.03-.74-.05v-6.58c.25-.22,.57-.52,1.14-.52,.52,0,.81,.25,1.11,.52v4.86h0Zm8.78,2.74l5.03-3.13v-6.85l-3.25-2.39-5.03,2.88v6.78l-.99,.79,.1,.15,.81-.67,3.33,2.44h0Zm-.37-3.55v-7.3l2.51,1.87v7.3l-2.51-1.87Zm15.01-8.65c-.39,.27-.74,.42-1.11,.42-.39,0-.88-.25-1.14-.57,0,.03-1.87,2.02-1.87,2.02l-1.87-2.02-3.05,2.12,.1,.17,.81-.54,1.11,1.21v6.63l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.49,2.12,3.15-2.09-.1-.15-.81,.49-1.28-1.16v-7.28c.52,.57,1.11,1.06,1.82,1.06,1.28,0,2.14-1.53,2.29-3.11m11.88,9.81l-.94,.59-5.2-7.76,.27-.37c.57,.34,1.08,.81,2.17,.81s2.47-1.14,2.59-3.23c-.27,.37-.81,.81-1.7,.81-.64,0-1.28-.42-1.67-.81l-3.55,5.22,4.71,7.17,3.42-2.27-.1-.17h0Zm-6.31,.19l-.79,.52-1.08-1.08V.48l-3.89,2.69c.45,.15,.99,.39,.99,1.43v11.81l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15h0Zm22.89-14.39c0-2.02-1.92-2.63-3.53-2.56V.19c.96,.07,1.7,.46,1.7,1.11,0,.45-.32,1.01-1.28,1.01-.76,0-2.02-.45-3.2-.84-1.3-.45-2.54-.87-3.57-.87-2.02,0-3.55,1.5-3.55,3.35,0,1.5,1.16,2.02,1.63,2.21l.03-.07c-.3-.2-.49-.42-.49-1.06,0-.54,.39-1.26,1.43-1.26,.94,0,2.17,.42,3.8,.88,1.4,.39,2.91,.76,3.75,.87v3.28l-1.58,1.3,1.58,1.36v4.49c-.81,.46-1.75,.61-2.56,.61-1.5,0-2.89-.42-4.02-1.68l4.26-2.07V5.73l-5.2,2.32c.54-1.38,1.55-2.41,2.66-3.08l-.03-.08c-3.08,.84-5.89,3.67-5.89,7.17,0,4.19,3.35,7.3,7.22,7.3,4.19,0,6.65-3.28,6.61-6.75h-.07c-.61,1.33-1.63,2.59-2.78,3.25v-4.38l1.65-1.33-1.65-1.33v-3.28c1.53,0,3.11-1.01,3.11-2.96m-8.78,11.56l-1.21,.61c-.74-.96-1.23-2.32-1.23-4.07,0-.72,.07-1.7,.32-2.39l2.14-.96-.03,6.8h0Zm11.93-12.31l-2.17,1.82,1.85,2.09,2.17-1.82-1.85-2.09Zm3.3,15.15l-.79,.52-1.08-1.08v-7.17l.91-.72-.12-.15-.76,.59-1.8-2.14-2.96,2.07,.1,.17,.74-.49,.99,1.23v6.61l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15h0Zm16.63-.1l-.74,.49-1.16-1.11v-7.03l.94-.72-.12-.15-.84,.64-2.47-2.2-2.78,2.17-2.44-2.17-2.74,2.14-1.85-2.14-2.96,2.07,.1,.17,.74-.49,1.06,1.21v6.61l-.81,.81,2.36,2,2.29-2.07-.94-.88v-7.04l.61-.45,1.7,1.48v6.16l-.79,.81,2.39,2,2.24-2.07-.94-.88v-7.04l.59-.47,1.72,1.5v6.06l-.69,.72,2.41,2.2,3.18-2.17-.1-.15h.02Zm8.6-1.5l-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.93l3.57,2.59,4.51-3.62-.12-.17h0Zm-5.08-1.88v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6Zm14.12-.97l-2-1.53c1.33-1.16,1.8-2.63,1.8-3.69,0-.15-.03-.42-.05-.67h-.08c-.19,.54-.72,1.01-1.53,1.01s-1.26-.45-1.75-.99l-4.58,2.54v3.72l1.75,1.38c-1.75,1.55-2.09,2.51-2.09,3.4s.52,1.67,1.41,2.02l.07-.12c-.22-.19-.42-.32-.42-.79,0-.34,.35-.88,1.14-.88,1.01,0,1.63,.69,1.95,1.06,0-.03,4.38-2.69,4.38-2.69v-3.77h0Zm-1.03-3.05c-.69,1.23-2.21,2.44-3.11,3.13l-1.11-.94v-3.62c.45,.99,1.36,1.82,2.54,1.82,.69,0,1.14-.12,1.67-.39m-1.9,8.13c-.52-1.16-1.63-2-2.86-2-.3,0-1.21-.03-2,.46,.47-.79,1.87-2.21,3.65-3.28l1.21,1.01v3.8Z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="css-1npft71 e1j3jvdr1"></div></section><section id="masthead-bar-one" class="hasLinks css-c5j6tx e1pjtsj62"><div><div class="css-vfkorq e1pjtsj60"><span> </span></div><div class="css-1bvtpon e1pjtsj61"><a class="css-j184jz" href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/todayspaper">Today’s Paper</a></div></div><div class="css-qebcue"></div></section></header></div></div><div><main id="site-content"><div><div class="css-ec8ke8" style="opacity:0.000000001;z-index:-1;visibility:hidden" id="in-story-masthead"><div class="css-1hqnpie"><div class="css-10habuo"><span class="css-1u4hfeb"><a href="/section/science">Science</a></span><span class="css-1po1uvd">|</span><span class="css-rnl02l">The Science That Makes Baseball Mud ‘Magical’</span></div><div class="css-k008qs"><div class="css-b4nnp0"><a href="/" class="css-93zicp" aria-label="New York Times homepage"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 22"><path d="M15.863 13.08c-.687 1.818-1.923 3.147-3.64 3.916v-3.917l2.129-1.958-2.129-1.889V6.505c1.923-.14 3.228-1.609 3.228-3.358C15.45.84 13.32 0 12.086 0c-.275 0-.55 0-.962.14v.14h.481c.824 0 1.51.42 1.51 1.189 0 .63-.48 1.189-1.304 1.189-2.129 0-4.6-1.749-7.279-1.749C2.13.91.481 2.728.481 4.546c0 1.819 1.03 2.448 2.128 2.798v-.14c-.343-.21-.618-.63-.618-1.189 0-.84.756-1.469 1.648-1.469 2.267 0 5.906 1.959 8.172 1.959h.206v2.727l-2.129 1.889 2.13 1.958v3.987c-.894.35-1.786.49-2.748.49-3.502 0-5.768-2.169-5.768-5.806 0-.839.137-1.678.344-2.518l1.785-.769v7.973l3.57-1.608V6.575L3.984 8.953c.55-1.61 1.648-2.728 2.953-3.358v-.07C3.433 6.295 0 9.023 0 13.08c0 4.686 3.914 7.974 8.446 7.974 4.807 0 7.485-3.288 7.554-7.974h-.137z" fill="#000000"></path></svg></a><span class="css-18z7m18"><a href="/" data-testid="masthead-logo" aria-label="New York Times homepage"><svg class="css-12fr9lp" viewBox="0 0 184 25" fill="#000000" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M14.57,2.57C14.57,.55,12.65-.06,11.04,.01V.19c.96,.07,1.7,.46,1.7,1.11,0,.45-.32,1.01-1.28,1.01-.76,0-2.02-.45-3.2-.84-1.3-.45-2.54-.87-3.57-.87-2.02,0-3.55,1.5-3.55,3.36,0,1.5,1.16,2.02,1.63,2.21l.03-.07c-.3-.2-.49-.42-.49-1.06,0-.54,.39-1.26,1.43-1.26,.94,0,2.17,.42,3.8,.88,1.4,.39,2.91,.76,3.75,.87v3.28l-1.58,1.3,1.58,1.36v4.49c-.81,.46-1.75,.61-2.56,.61-1.5,0-2.88-.42-4.02-1.68l4.26-2.07V5.73l-5.2,2.32c.54-1.38,1.55-2.41,2.66-3.08l-.03-.08C3.31,5.73,.5,8.56,.5,12.06c0,4.19,3.35,7.3,7.22,7.3,4.19,0,6.65-3.28,6.61-6.75h-.08c-.61,1.33-1.63,2.59-2.78,3.25v-4.38l1.65-1.33-1.65-1.33v-3.28c1.53,0,3.11-1.01,3.11-2.96M5.8,14.13l-1.21,.61c-.74-.96-1.23-2.32-1.23-4.07,0-.72,.08-1.7,.32-2.39l2.14-.96-.03,6.8h0Zm19.47-5.76l-.81,.64-2.47-2.2-2.86,2.21V.48l-3.89,2.69c.45,.15,.99,.39,.99,1.43v11.81l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15-.79,.52-1.08-1.08v-7.12l.74-.54,1.7,1.48v6.19c0,3.92-.87,4.73-2.63,5.37v.1c2.93,.12,5.57-.87,5.57-5.89v-6.75l.88-.72-.12-.15h0Zm5.22,10.8l4.51-3.62-.12-.17-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.8l-1.01,.79,.12,.15,.96-.76,3.5,2.54h-.01Zm-.69-5.67v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6ZM53.65,1.61c0-.32-.08-.59-.2-.96h-.07c-.32,.87-.67,1.33-1.68,1.33-.88,0-1.58-.54-1.95-.94,0,.03-2.96,3.42-2.96,3.42l.15,.12,.84-.96c.64,.49,1.21,1.06,2.63,1.08V13.34l-6.06-10.5c-.47-.79-1.28-1.97-2.66-1.97-1.63,0-2.86,1.4-2.66,3.77h.1c.12-.59,.47-1.33,1.18-1.33,.57,0,1.03,.54,1.3,1.03v3.38c-1.87,0-2.93,.87-2.93,2.34,0,.61,.45,1.94,1.72,2.17v-.07c-.17-.17-.34-.32-.34-.67,0-.57,.42-.88,1.18-.88,.12,0,.3,.03,.37,.05v4.38c-2.2,.03-3.89,1.23-3.89,3.31s1.7,2.88,3.47,2.78v-.07c-1.11-.12-1.68-.69-1.68-1.5,0-.88,.64-1.36,1.45-1.36s1.43,.52,1.95,1.11l2.96-3.33-.12-.12-.76,.87c-1.14-1.01-1.87-1.48-3.18-1.68V4.67l8.36,14.57h.45V4.72c1.6-.1,3.03-1.3,3.03-3.11m2.81,17.54l4.51-3.62-.12-.17-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.8l-1.01,.79,.12,.15,.96-.76,3.5,2.54h0Zm-.69-5.67v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6Zm21.22-5.52l-.69,.52-1.97-1.68-2.29,2.07,.94,.88v7.72l-2.34-1.6v-6.26l.81-.57-2.41-2.24-2.24,2.07,.94,.88v7.46l-.15,.1-2.2-1.6v-6.13c0-1.43-.72-1.85-1.63-2.41-.76-.47-1.16-.91-1.16-1.63,0-.79,.69-1.11,.91-1.23-.79-.03-2.98,.76-3.03,2.76-.03,1.03,.47,1.48,.99,1.97,.52,.49,1.01,.96,1.01,1.83v6.01l-1.06,.84,.12,.12,1.01-.79,2.63,2.14,2.51-1.75,2.76,1.75,5.42-3.2v-6.95l1.21-.94-.1-.15h0Zm18.15-5.84l-1.03,.94-2.32-2.02-3.13,2.51V1.19h-.19V18.12c-.34-.05-1.06-.25-1.85-.37V3.58c0-1.03-.74-2.47-2.59-2.47s-3.01,1.56-3.01,2.91h.08c.1-.61,.52-1.16,1.13-1.16s1.18,.39,1.18,1.78v4.04c-1.75,.07-2.81,1.16-2.81,2.34,0,.67,.42,1.92,1.75,1.97v-.1c-.45-.19-.54-.42-.54-.67,0-.59,.57-.79,1.36-.79h.19v6.51c-1.5,.52-2.2,1.53-2.2,2.78,0,1.72,1.38,3.05,3.4,3.05,1.43,0,2.44-.25,3.75-.54,1.06-.22,2.21-.47,2.83-.47,.79,0,1.14,.35,1.14,.91,0,.72-.27,1.08-.69,1.21v.1c1.7-.32,2.69-1.3,2.69-2.83s-1.5-2.54-3.18-2.54c-.87,0-2.44,.27-3.72,.57-1.43,.32-2.66,.47-3.11,.47-.72,0-1.6-.32-1.6-1.28,0-.87,.72-1.56,2.49-1.56,.96,0,1.9,.15,3.08,.42,1.26,.27,2.12,.64,3.2,.64,1.5,0,2.71-.54,2.71-2.74V3.29l1.11-1.01-.12-.15h0Zm-4.24,6.78c-.27,.3-.59,.54-1.11,.54-.57,0-.87-.3-1.14-.54V3.81l.74-.59,1.5,1.28v4.41h0Zm0,2.41c-.25-.25-.57-.47-1.11-.47s-.91,.27-1.14,.47v-2.17c.22,.19,.59,.49,1.14,.49s.87-.25,1.11-.49v2.17Zm0,5.1c0,.84-.42,1.78-1.5,1.78-.17,0-.57-.03-.74-.05v-6.58c.25-.22,.57-.52,1.14-.52,.52,0,.81,.25,1.11,.52v4.86h0Zm8.78,2.74l5.03-3.13v-6.85l-3.25-2.39-5.03,2.88v6.78l-.99,.79,.1,.15,.81-.67,3.33,2.44h0Zm-.37-3.55v-7.3l2.51,1.87v7.3l-2.51-1.87Zm15.01-8.65c-.39,.27-.74,.42-1.11,.42-.39,0-.88-.25-1.14-.57,0,.03-1.87,2.02-1.87,2.02l-1.87-2.02-3.05,2.12,.1,.17,.81-.54,1.11,1.21v6.63l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.49,2.12,3.15-2.09-.1-.15-.81,.49-1.28-1.16v-7.28c.52,.57,1.11,1.06,1.82,1.06,1.28,0,2.14-1.53,2.29-3.11m11.88,9.81l-.94,.59-5.2-7.76,.27-.37c.57,.34,1.08,.81,2.17,.81s2.47-1.14,2.59-3.23c-.27,.37-.81,.81-1.7,.81-.64,0-1.28-.42-1.67-.81l-3.55,5.22,4.71,7.17,3.42-2.27-.1-.17h0Zm-6.31,.19l-.79,.52-1.08-1.08V.48l-3.89,2.69c.45,.15,.99,.39,.99,1.43v11.81l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15h0Zm22.89-14.39c0-2.02-1.92-2.63-3.53-2.56V.19c.96,.07,1.7,.46,1.7,1.11,0,.45-.32,1.01-1.28,1.01-.76,0-2.02-.45-3.2-.84-1.3-.45-2.54-.87-3.57-.87-2.02,0-3.55,1.5-3.55,3.35,0,1.5,1.16,2.02,1.63,2.21l.03-.07c-.3-.2-.49-.42-.49-1.06,0-.54,.39-1.26,1.43-1.26,.94,0,2.17,.42,3.8,.88,1.4,.39,2.91,.76,3.75,.87v3.28l-1.58,1.3,1.58,1.36v4.49c-.81,.46-1.75,.61-2.56,.61-1.5,0-2.89-.42-4.02-1.68l4.26-2.07V5.73l-5.2,2.32c.54-1.38,1.55-2.41,2.66-3.08l-.03-.08c-3.08,.84-5.89,3.67-5.89,7.17,0,4.19,3.35,7.3,7.22,7.3,4.19,0,6.65-3.28,6.61-6.75h-.07c-.61,1.33-1.63,2.59-2.78,3.25v-4.38l1.65-1.33-1.65-1.33v-3.28c1.53,0,3.11-1.01,3.11-2.96m-8.78,11.56l-1.21,.61c-.74-.96-1.23-2.32-1.23-4.07,0-.72,.07-1.7,.32-2.39l2.14-.96-.03,6.8h0Zm11.93-12.31l-2.17,1.82,1.85,2.09,2.17-1.82-1.85-2.09Zm3.3,15.15l-.79,.52-1.08-1.08v-7.17l.91-.72-.12-.15-.76,.59-1.8-2.14-2.96,2.07,.1,.17,.74-.49,.99,1.23v6.61l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15h0Zm16.63-.1l-.74,.49-1.16-1.11v-7.03l.94-.72-.12-.15-.84,.64-2.47-2.2-2.78,2.17-2.44-2.17-2.74,2.14-1.85-2.14-2.96,2.07,.1,.17,.74-.49,1.06,1.21v6.61l-.81,.81,2.36,2,2.29-2.07-.94-.88v-7.04l.61-.45,1.7,1.48v6.16l-.79,.81,2.39,2,2.24-2.07-.94-.88v-7.04l.59-.47,1.72,1.5v6.06l-.69,.72,2.41,2.2,3.18-2.17-.1-.15h.02Zm8.6-1.5l-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.93l3.57,2.59,4.51-3.62-.12-.17h0Zm-5.08-1.88v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6Zm14.12-.97l-2-1.53c1.33-1.16,1.8-2.63,1.8-3.69,0-.15-.03-.42-.05-.67h-.08c-.19,.54-.72,1.01-1.53,1.01s-1.26-.45-1.75-.99l-4.58,2.54v3.72l1.75,1.38c-1.75,1.55-2.09,2.51-2.09,3.4s.52,1.67,1.41,2.02l.07-.12c-.22-.19-.42-.32-.42-.79,0-.34,.35-.88,1.14-.88,1.01,0,1.63,.69,1.95,1.06,0-.03,4.38-2.69,4.38-2.69v-3.77h0Zm-1.03-3.05c-.69,1.23-2.21,2.44-3.11,3.13l-1.11-.94v-3.62c.45,.99,1.36,1.82,2.54,1.82,.69,0,1.14-.12,1.67-.39m-1.9,8.13c-.52-1.16-1.63-2-2.86-2-.3,0-1.21-.03-2,.46,.47-.79,1.87-2.21,3.65-3.28l1.21,1.01v3.8Z"></path></svg></a></span></div><span class="css-bgaqcm">https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/science/baseball-mud-mlb.html</span><div class="css-tvohiw"><div role="toolbar" data-testid="share-tools" aria-label="Social Media Share buttons, Save button, and Comments Panel with current comment count" class="css-yomkvi"><div></div><div data-testid="share-tools-menu" class="css-ui2i83"><ul data-testid="share-tools-list"><li class="css-atthsv"><div class="css-vxcmzt"><div class="css-79elbk"><button type="button" aria-label="" aria-expanded="false" class="css-1eeh360 actionbar-button" data-testid="gift-article-button"><span class="css-10d8k1f"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="19" height="19" viewBox="0 0 19 19"><path d="M18.04 5.293h-2.725c.286-.34.493-.74.606-1.17a2.875 2.875 0 0 0-.333-2.322A2.906 2.906 0 0 0 13.64.48a3.31 3.31 0 0 0-2.372.464 3.775 3.775 0 0 0-1.534 2.483l-.141.797-.142-.847A3.745 3.745 0 0 0 7.927.923 3.31 3.31 0 0 0 5.555.459 2.907 2.907 0 0 0 3.607 1.78a2.877 2.877 0 0 0-.333 2.321c.117.429.324.828.606 1.171H1.155a.767.767 0 0 0-.757.757v3.674a.767.767 0 0 0 .757.757h.424v7.53A1.01 1.01 0 0 0 2.588 19h14.13a1.01 1.01 0 0 0 1.01-.959v-7.56h.424a.758.758 0 0 0 .757-.757V6.05a.759.759 0 0 0-.868-.757Zm-7.196-1.625a2.665 2.665 0 0 1 1.01-1.736 2.24 2.24 0 0 1 1.574-.313 1.817 1.817 0 0 1 1.211.818 1.857 1.857 0 0 1 .202 1.453 2.2 2.2 0 0 1-.838 1.191h-3.431l.272-1.413ZM4.576 2.386a1.837 1.837 0 0 1 1.221-.817 2.23 2.23 0 0 1 1.565.313 2.624 2.624 0 0 1 1.01 1.736l.242 1.453H5.182a2.2 2.2 0 0 1-.838-1.19 1.857 1.857 0 0 1 .202-1.495h.03ZM1.548 6.424h7.54V9.39h-7.58l.04-2.967Zm1.181 4.128h6.359v7.287H2.729v-7.287Zm13.777 7.287h-6.348v-7.307h6.348v7.307Zm1.181-8.468h-7.53V6.404h7.53V9.37Z" fill="#121212" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg>Share full article</span></button></div></div></li><li class="css-68l2z5"><div class="css-vxcmzt"><div class="css-79elbk"><button type="button" aria-label="More sharing options ..." aria-expanded="false" class="css-1nurhyi actionbar-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="23" height="18" viewBox="0 0 23 18" class="css-zd9juy"><path d="M1.357 17.192a.663.663 0 0 1-.642-.81c1.82-7.955 6.197-12.068 12.331-11.68V1.127a.779.779 0 0 1 .42-.653.726.726 0 0 1 .78.106l8.195 6.986a.81.81 0 0 1 .253.557.82.82 0 0 1-.263.547l-8.196 6.955a.83.83 0 0 1-.779.105.747.747 0 0 1-.42-.663V11.29c-8.418-.905-10.974 5.177-11.08 5.45a.662.662 0 0 1-.6.453Zm10.048-7.26a16.37 16.37 0 0 1 2.314.158.81.81 0 0 1 .642.726v3.02l6.702-5.682-6.702-5.692v2.883a.767.767 0 0 1-.242.536.747.747 0 0 1-.547.18c-4.808-.537-8.364 1.85-10.448 6.922a11.679 11.679 0 0 1 8.28-3.093v.042Z" fill="#000000" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg></button></div></div></li><li class="css-68l2z5 save-button"><button type="button" role="switch" class="css-1yhvmgx actionbar-button" data-testid="save-article-button" aria-label="Save article for reading later..." aria-checked="false" disabled="" aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite"><svg width="12" height="18" viewBox="0 0 12 18" class="css-eap6fy"><g fill-rule="nonzero"><path class="saved-fill" d="M1.157 1.268v14.288l4.96-3.813 4.753 3.843V1.268z"></path><path class="saved-stroke" d="m12 18-5.9-4.756L0 17.98V1.014C0 .745.095.487.265.297.435.107.664 0 .904 0h10.192c.24 0 .47.107.64.297.169.19.264.448.264.717V18ZM1.157 1.268v14.288l4.96-3.813 4.753 3.843V1.268H1.158Z"></path></g></svg></button></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><article id="story" class="css-1vxca1d e1lmdhsb0"><div class="css-wqhysl"></div><div id="top-wrapper" class="css-njaf7f"><div id="top-slug" class="css-1ev7j75"><p>Advertisement</p></div><a href="#after-top" class="css-777zgl">SKIP ADVERTISEMENT</a><div class="ad top-wrapper css-rfqw0c" style="min-height:90px"><div id="top" class="place-ad" data-position="top" data-size-key="top" data-lazy-load="true"></div></div><div id="after-top"></div></div><div aria-live="polite"><div class="css-1dv1kvn">You have a preview view of this article while we are checking your access. When we have confirmed access, the full article content will load.</div></div><header class="css-ay91f9 euiyums1"><div id="sponsor-wrapper" class="css-1hyfx7x"><div id="sponsor-slug" class="css-twqvxd"><p>Supported by</p></div><a href="#after-sponsor" class="css-777zgl">SKIP ADVERTISEMENT</a><div class="ad sponsor-wrapper css-rfqw0c" id="sponsor"></div><div id="after-sponsor"></div></div><div class="css-hme5ai euiyums0"><p class="css-1ca3kv7 e6idgb70">Trilobites</p></div><div class="css-1vkm6nb ehdk2mb0"><h1 id="link-c948ffd" class="css-1uc375s e1h9rw200" data-testid="headline">The Science That Makes Baseball Mud ‘Magical’</h1></div><p id="article-summary" class="css-79rysd e1wiw3jv0">Scientists dug up the real dirt on the substance applied to all the baseballs used in the major leagues.</p><div class="css-10cldcv"><div role="toolbar" data-testid="share-tools" aria-label="Social Media Share buttons, Save button, and Comments Panel with current comment count" class="css-yomkvi"><div></div><div data-testid="share-tools-menu" class="css-148f1u0"><ul data-testid="share-tools-list" class="css-1atjma0"><li class="css-atthsv"><div class="css-vxcmzt"><div class="css-79elbk"><button type="button" aria-label="" aria-expanded="false" class="css-1eeh360 actionbar-button" data-testid="gift-article-button"><span class="css-10d8k1f"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="19" height="19" viewBox="0 0 19 19"><path d="M18.04 5.293h-2.725c.286-.34.493-.74.606-1.17a2.875 2.875 0 0 0-.333-2.322A2.906 2.906 0 0 0 13.64.48a3.31 3.31 0 0 0-2.372.464 3.775 3.775 0 0 0-1.534 2.483l-.141.797-.142-.847A3.745 3.745 0 0 0 7.927.923 3.31 3.31 0 0 0 5.555.459 2.907 2.907 0 0 0 3.607 1.78a2.877 2.877 0 0 0-.333 2.321c.117.429.324.828.606 1.171H1.155a.767.767 0 0 0-.757.757v3.674a.767.767 0 0 0 .757.757h.424v7.53A1.01 1.01 0 0 0 2.588 19h14.13a1.01 1.01 0 0 0 1.01-.959v-7.56h.424a.758.758 0 0 0 .757-.757V6.05a.759.759 0 0 0-.868-.757Zm-7.196-1.625a2.665 2.665 0 0 1 1.01-1.736 2.24 2.24 0 0 1 1.574-.313 1.817 1.817 0 0 1 1.211.818 1.857 1.857 0 0 1 .202 1.453 2.2 2.2 0 0 1-.838 1.191h-3.431l.272-1.413ZM4.576 2.386a1.837 1.837 0 0 1 1.221-.817 2.23 2.23 0 0 1 1.565.313 2.624 2.624 0 0 1 1.01 1.736l.242 1.453H5.182a2.2 2.2 0 0 1-.838-1.19 1.857 1.857 0 0 1 .202-1.495h.03ZM1.548 6.424h7.54V9.39h-7.58l.04-2.967Zm1.181 4.128h6.359v7.287H2.729v-7.287Zm13.777 7.287h-6.348v-7.307h6.348v7.307Zm1.181-8.468h-7.53V6.404h7.53V9.37Z" fill="#121212" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg>Share full article</span></button></div></div></li><li class="css-68l2z5"><div class="css-vxcmzt"><div class="css-79elbk"><button type="button" aria-label="More sharing options ..." aria-expanded="false" class="css-1nurhyi actionbar-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="23" height="18" viewBox="0 0 23 18" class="css-zd9juy"><path d="M1.357 17.192a.663.663 0 0 1-.642-.81c1.82-7.955 6.197-12.068 12.331-11.68V1.127a.779.779 0 0 1 .42-.653.726.726 0 0 1 .78.106l8.195 6.986a.81.81 0 0 1 .253.557.82.82 0 0 1-.263.547l-8.196 6.955a.83.83 0 0 1-.779.105.747.747 0 0 1-.42-.663V11.29c-8.418-.905-10.974 5.177-11.08 5.45a.662.662 0 0 1-.6.453Zm10.048-7.26a16.37 16.37 0 0 1 2.314.158.81.81 0 0 1 .642.726v3.02l6.702-5.682-6.702-5.692v2.883a.767.767 0 0 1-.242.536.747.747 0 0 1-.547.18c-4.808-.537-8.364 1.85-10.448 6.922a11.679 11.679 0 0 1 8.28-3.093v.042Z" fill="#000000" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg></button></div></div></li><li class="css-68l2z5 save-button"><button type="button" role="switch" class="css-1yhvmgx actionbar-button" data-testid="save-article-button" aria-label="Save article for reading later..." aria-checked="false" disabled="" aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite"><svg width="12" height="18" viewBox="0 0 12 18" class="css-eap6fy"><g fill-rule="nonzero"><path class="saved-fill" d="M1.157 1.268v14.288l4.96-3.813 4.753 3.843V1.268z"></path><path class="saved-stroke" d="m12 18-5.9-4.756L0 17.98V1.014C0 .745.095.487.265.297.435.107.664 0 .904 0h10.192c.24 0 .47.107.64.297.169.19.264.448.264.717V18ZM1.157 1.268v14.288l4.96-3.813 4.753 3.843V1.268H1.158Z"></path></g></svg></button></li></ul></div></div></div><div data-testid="imageblock-wrapper"><figure class="sizeMedium layoutHorizontal css-nlqgyf" aria-label="media" role="group"><div class="css-1xb94ky" data-testid="imageContainer-children-Image"><picture><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale&width=1800"/><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale&width=1200"/><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale&width=600"/><img alt="Daniel Hudson, wearing a Los Angeles Dodgers uniform, in mid-pitch." class="css-rq4mmj" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp 600w,https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp 1024w,https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/04/multimedia/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl/04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp 2048w" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" decoding="async" width="600" height="400"/></picture></div><figcaption data-testid="photoviewer-children-ImageCaption" class="css-ktho12 e3rygrp0"><span class="css-jevhma e13ogyst0">Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip.</span><span class="css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span><span aria-hidden="false">Elsa/Getty Images</span></span></span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="css-p6m5rf"><div class="byline-container css-1u5onbp epjyd6m2"><div class="css-165eim7 ey68jwv0" aria-hidden="true"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/david-waldstein" class="css-uwwqev"><img alt="David Waldstein" title="David Waldstein" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/20/multimedia/author-david-waldstein/author-david-waldstein-thumbLarge-v3.png" class="css-dc6zx6 ey68jwv2"/></a></div><div class="css-233int epjyd6m1"><p class="css-4anu6l e1jsehar1"><span class="byline-prefix">By </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/david-waldstein" class="last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0" itemProp="name">David Waldstein</a></p><div class="css-gqryk5 epjyd6m0"></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1c72mta"><time dateTime="2024-11-04T20:33:54-05:00" class="css-1ubbotv e16638kd2"><span class="css-1sbuyqj e16638kd3">Nov. 4, 2024</span></time></div></header><section name="articleBody" class="meteredContent css-1r7ky0e"><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-0"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">If you looked closely at the baseballs used in the World Series last month, you would notice that they were covered in a mysterious brown substance.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">It was not a mistake, and nothing illegal was found on the balls. It was just mud.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">For decades, all the balls used in Major League Baseball have been coated with mud harvested from a secret spot along a Delaware River tributary in New Jersey. Only a few people knew of the exact location, and until recently, only a few knew the exact contents of that mud.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Now researchers have dug deep and found what they consider to be remarkable mechanical properties of this mud.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">“This is the magical thing: It spreads like face cream and grips like sandpaper,” said Douglas Jerolmack, a professor of earth and environmental science at the University of Pennsylvania and one of the authors of <a class="css-yywogo" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2413514121" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">a paper published on Monday</a> in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div data-testid="Dropzone-1"></div><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-1"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Their research may be well suited for more than just studying baseball. The researchers say that the techniques they used to understand how baseball mud works could be extended to the development of sustainable materials for construction, agriculture and infrastructure.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">“This study helps in trying to find materials in nature that can replace hydrocarbon-based materials that we use today,” said Shravan Pradeep, a chemical engineer, postdoctoral researcher at Penn and another author of the study.</p><div class="css-1336jj"><div class="css-121kum4"><div class="css-171quhb"></div><div class="css-asuuk5"><noscript><div class="css-7axq9l" data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="css-1b5b8u1"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 1 1 19 0 9.5 9.5 0 0 1-19 0Zm8.5 1.75v-7.5h2v7.5h-2Zm0 2v2h2v-2h-2Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript-message" class="css-6yo1no"><p class="css-3kpklk">We are having trouble retrieving the article content.</p><p class="css-3kpklk">Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.</p></div></div></noscript><div class="css-1dv1kvn" id="optimistic-truncator-a11y" tabindex="-1"><hr/><p>Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and <a href="https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/login?response_type=cookie&client_id=vi&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F11%2F04%2Fscience%2Fbaseball-mud-mlb.html&asset=opttrunc">log into</a> your Times account, or <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscription?campaignId=89WYR&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F11%2F04%2Fscience%2Fbaseball-mud-mlb.html">subscribe</a> for all of The Times.</p><hr/></div><div class="css-1g71tqy"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="css-63woee" data-testid="optimistic-truncator-spinner"><g fill="currentColor"><path d="M11.28 22.8a.72.72 0 1 0 1.44 0v-6.72a.72.72 0 1 0-1.44 0v6.72Z" opacity=".37"></path><path d="M17.766 21.16a.72.72 0 1 0 1.165-.846l-3.95-5.436a.72.72 0 1 0-1.165.846l3.95 5.437Z" opacity=".26"></path><path d="M1.506 14.653a.72.72 0 0 0 .445 1.37l6.391-2.078a.72.72 0 1 0-.445-1.369l-6.39 2.077Z" opacity=".61"></path><path d="M5.07 20.314a.72.72 0 0 0 1.164.847l3.95-5.437a.72.72 0 1 0-1.165-.846l-3.95 5.436Z" opacity=".48"></path><path d="M22.049 16.022a.72.72 0 0 0 .445-1.37l-6.391-2.076a.72.72 0 1 0-.445 1.37l6.39 2.076Z" opacity=".17"></path><path d="M22.494 9.347a.72.72 0 1 0-.445-1.37l-6.391 2.078a.72.72 0 1 0 .445 1.369l6.39-2.077Z" opacity=".09"></path><path d="M6.234 2.84a.72.72 0 0 0-1.165.846l3.95 5.436a.72.72 0 0 0 1.165-.846l-3.95-5.437Z" opacity=".87"></path><path d="M1.951 7.978a.72.72 0 1 0-.445 1.37l6.391 2.076a.72.72 0 1 0 .445-1.37l-6.39-2.076Z" opacity=".74"></path><path d="M18.93 3.686a.72.72 0 0 0-1.164-.847l-3.95 5.437a.72.72 0 0 0 1.165.846l3.95-5.436Z" opacity=".02"></path><path d="M12.72 1.2a.72.72 0 1 0-1.44 0v6.72a.72.72 0 0 0 1.44 0V1.2Z"></path></g></svg><div data-testid="optimistic-truncator-message" class="css-6yo1no"><p class="css-3kpklk">Thank you for your patience while we verify access.</p><p class="css-3kpklk">Already a subscriber? <a data-testid="log-in-link" class="css-z5ryv4" href="https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/login?response_type=cookie&client_id=vi&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F11%2F04%2Fscience%2Fbaseball-mud-mlb.html&asset=opttrunc">Log in</a>.</p><p class="css-3kpklk">Want all of The Times? <a data-testid="subscribe-link" class="css-z5ryv4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscription?campaignId=89WYR&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F11%2F04%2Fscience%2Fbaseball-mud-mlb.html">Subscribe</a>.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div></section><div data-testid="lazy-loader"></div><div data-testid="lazy-loader"></div><div id="bottom-sheet-sensor"><div data-testid="lazy-loader"></div></div><div><div id="bottom-wrapper" class="css-11iyrz3"><div id="bottom-slug" class="css-1ev7j75"><p>Advertisement</p></div><a href="#after-bottom" class="css-777zgl">SKIP ADVERTISEMENT</a><div class="ad bottom-wrapper css-rfqw0c" id="bottom" style="min-height:90px"></div><div id="after-bottom"></div></div></div></article></div></main><nav class="css-1jmk4jh" id="site-index" aria-labelledby="site-index-label" data-testid="site-index"><h2 class="css-1dv1kvn" id="site-index-label">Site Index</h2><div class="css-uc4bdz"></div></nav><footer class="css-1e1s8k7" role="contentinfo"><nav data-testid="footer" class="css-1qa4qp6"><h2 class="css-1dv1kvn">Site Information Navigation</h2><ul class="css-1ho5u4o edvi3so0"><li data-testid="copyright"><a class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014792127-Copyright-notice">© <span>2025</span> <span>The New York Times Company</span></a></li></ul><ul class="css-t8x4fj edvi3so1"><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytco.com/">NYTCo</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115015385887-Contact-Us">Contact Us</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115015727108-Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytco.com/careers/">Work with us</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://advertising.nytimes.com/">Advertise</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.tbrandstudio.com/">T Brand Studio</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/privacy/cookie-policy#how-do-i-manage-trackers">Your Ad Choices</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/privacy/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014893428-Terms-of-service">Terms of Service</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014893968-Terms-of-sale">Terms of Sale</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="/sitemap/">Site Map</a></li><li class="mobileOnly css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/ca/">Canada</a></li><li class="mobileOnly css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/international/">International</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us">Help</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" rel="nofollow" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscription?campaignId=37WXW">Subscriptions</a></li></ul><ul class="css-t8x4fj edvi3so1"><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="privacy-preferences-link" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" class="css-13mf4b4" href="/privacy/manage-settings">Manage Privacy Preferences</a></li></ul></nav></footer></div></div></div></div></div> <script>window.__preloadedData = {"initialData":{"data":{"article":{"__typename":"Article","adTargetingParams":[{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"per","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"geo","value":"delawareriver"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"template","value":"article"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"section","value":"science"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"id","value":"100000009803151"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"brandsensitive","value":"false"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"artlen","value":"medium"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"spon","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"tt","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"auth","value":"davidwaldstein"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"des","value":"yourfeedscience,baseball,sportinggoodsandequipment,soil,rivers,research"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"ledemedsz","value":"none"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"at","value":"162"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"org","value":"majorleaguebaseball,proceedingsofthenationalacadem"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"edn","value":"us"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"col","value":"trilobites"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"typ_materials","value":"#news#"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"is_viral_on_social","value":"false"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"als_test","value":"1740648881279"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"coll","value":"trilobites,mlbnews,sports,science,newyorktimessports,ineducationenvironmentalscienc,amp"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"slug","value":"mud"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"is_viral","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"bsc","value":"84031001,84192005,84191001,84161001,84221001,84222003,84162001,84032003,84032006"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"prop","value":"nyt"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"typ","value":"art"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"pt","value":"nt10,nt12,nt15,nt17,nt19,nt2,nt21,nt3,nt4,nt5,nt7,nt9,pt13"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"abs","value":"51000181,51006965,51004788,51004663,51006174,51004556,51005641,51006821,51005604,51006813,51006270,51006834,51005445,51002721,51004900,51007151,51005893,51000094,51007049,51004260,51002642,51005902,51003740,51004157,51005217,51005695,51007071,51006314,51001538,51004619,51002435,51004843,51004975"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"mt","value":"MT7"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"plat","value":"web"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"si_section","value":"science"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"trend","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"gscat","value":"gs_t"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"gui","value":""}],"addendums":[],"advertisingProperties":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkAdvertisingProperties","sensitivity":"SHOW_ADS"},"archiveProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleArchiveProperties","lede":"","thumbnails":[],"timesMachineUrl":""},"associatedAssets":[{"__typename":"AssociatedArticleAssetBlock","asset":{"__typename":"Capsule","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fcapsule\u002F0d0515d1-cb95-52af-bb50-a736fdb82884"},"assetName":"email-signup-science-times","parentTest":"","region":"BELOW_MAIN_CONTENT","ruleName":"maps-science-times-email-signup","testName":""}],"associatedNewsletter":null,"bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creatorSnapshots":[{"__typename":"PersonSnapshot","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fperson\u002Fa4fdb788-cf05-5837-b613-4588aaeabcd1"}],"creators":[{"__typename":"Person","bioUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fby\u002Fdavid-waldstein","contactDetails":{"__typename":"ContactDetails","socialMedia":[{"__typename":"ContactDetailsSocialMedia","account":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fby\u002Fdavid-waldstein","type":"url"}]},"displayName":"David Waldstein","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi9hNGZkYjc4OC1jZjA1LTU4MzctYjYxMy00NTg4YWFlYWJjZDE=","legacyData":{"__typename":"PersonLegacyData","htmlShortBiography":"\u003Cp\u003EDavid Waldstein writes about the greater New York region with an emphasis on sports.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fby\u002Fdavid-waldstein"}],"renderedRepresentation":"By David Waldstein"}],"collections":[{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"COLUMN","firstPublished":"2016-01-29T23:47:44.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uLzFiNDBlYWRjLTFmNjEtNTg2ZS04YmEyLTNhMzQ0MmU3MDIzNQ==","lastModified":"2019-01-14T21:53:33.210Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"Trilobites","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"trilobites","tagline":"Unearthing fascinating morsels of science.","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002F1b40eadc-1f61-586e-8ba2-3a3442e70235","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fcolumn\u002Ftrilobites"},{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"SECTION","firstPublished":"2016-10-11T17:09:06.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uL2FlZjNmOTc1LTJhY2UtNTQ2OC1iNDcyLTcwMThiMTNjYjE4ZQ==","lastModified":"2023-09-19T12:54:19.899Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"MLB News","promotionalImage":{"__typename":"PromotionalImage","image":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"MEDIUM_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":640,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2021\u002F04\u002F19\u002Fsports\u002F19mlb-socal1\u002F19mlb-socal1-square640.jpg","width":640}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"THREE_BY_TWO","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":2667,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2021\u002F04\u002F19\u002Fsports\u002F19mlb-socal1\u002Fmerlin_186603114_815b9dc2-c2c7-4c71-af24-a2d3f09ea88b-threeByTwoLargeAt2X.jpg","width":4000}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvZDM2ZTMzYmItZmZlZi01M2Y3LWJhZDAtNjg2MmE5ODM4YWM2"}},"slug":"baseball","tagline":"","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002Faef3f975-2ace-5468-b472-7018b13cb18e","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fsection\u002Fsports\u002Fbaseball"},{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"SECTION","firstPublished":"2016-10-07T16:17:30.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uL2IyZjhlN2E2LWMwYTEtNTViZS1iZDNkLWUwYTdmZGZjZTdkZQ==","lastModified":"2025-02-26T14:17:06.910Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"Sports","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"sports","tagline":"","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002Fb2f8e7a6-c0a1-55be-bd3d-e0a7fdfce7de","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fsection\u002Fsports"},{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"SECTION","firstPublished":"2015-06-02T17:51:09.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uL2UzNjMwZTg4LTc4MDEtNTdiZS1hOWM1LTEyOGVmYWQ5MWRmMQ==","lastModified":"2025-02-26T20:20:09.782Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"Science","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"science","tagline":"","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002Fe3630e88-7801-57be-a9c5-128efad91df1","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fsection\u002Fscience"},{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"SPOTLIGHT","firstPublished":"2023-09-18T15:42:06.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uL2Q4YmQyNmM1LWU1ODMtNTlhMC1hZmI4LTI3Yzc5OGI1NDFiZg==","lastModified":"2023-09-18T17:43:50.406Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"New York Times Sports","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"new-york-times-sports","tagline":"","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002Fd8bd26c5-e583-59a0-afb8-27c798b541bf","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fspotlight\u002Fnew-york-times-sports"},{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"SPOTLIGHT","firstPublished":"2024-01-29T15:50:18.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uLzIwZGI2NzliLTRjODktNWE0My04MjdlLWU1ZTE0NTI2YWM0Yw==","lastModified":"2025-02-21T19:33:38.824Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"inEducation: Environmental Science","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"nytimesineducation-environmentalscience","tagline":"New York Times inEducation has been designed as a resource to connect Times journalism with key areas of study for students and faculty through our Education Subscription Program. If you are affiliated with a U.S. college, visit accessnyt.com to learn if your institution provides New York Times access. Others should inquire with their school or local library. If you are a faculty or staff member interested in bringing The New York Times to your school, visit the Group Subscriptions Page.","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002F20db679b-4c89-5a43-827e-e5e14526ac4c","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fspotlight\u002Fnytimesineducation-environmentalscience"},{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"SYNDICATED","firstPublished":"2017-04-25T18:38:21.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uLzU4NzljYmY2LTg0NjYtNWY0NC1hNmM4LTg4NDZlZjk3NjA2Yw==","lastModified":"2017-04-25T18:38:23.000Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"amp","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"amp","tagline":"","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002F5879cbf6-8466-5f44-a6c8-8846ef97606c","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fsyndicated\u002Famp"}],"column":{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","assets":{"__typename":"AssetsConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-14T10:01:00.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Hummingbirds Living in a Hive Found for the First Time","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzNiNWUzYWU0LTk2ZTctNTg4YS1hZDc1LWQ4NDMzNmUzNmE2Ng==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F11\u002Fmultimedia\u002F00tb-hummingbird-hive-02-hcfj\u002F00tb-hummingbird-hive-02-hcfj-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMzkxM2IzMmItZGM0ZC01ZGJlLWI1NTgtOTM3YmE0ZmUyOGEy"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F14\u002Fscience\u002Fhummingbirds-living-in-a-hive-found-for-the-first-time.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-14T10:00:56.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Lasers, Waffle Fries and the Secrets in Pterosaurs’ Tails","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2JiNzFmZWI5LWU4ZTEtNWU0ZS1iOGE0LTFjMjJkZTYzMTRhMQ==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F10\u002Fmultimedia\u002F00tb-pterosaur-tail-03\u002F00tb-pterosaur-tail-03-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvM2U3OTkyOTMtODQ0NC01NmE3LTkyZDAtZmZlMTAzNWZmZGM1"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F14\u002Fscience\u002Fpterosaur-tails-fossils.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-13T21:40:49.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"This City’s Sewer System Is Full of Alligators, but It’s Not New York","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzU3ZTQ3NDJhLWVmYjYtNTM5NS1iOTk2LTc0MGJjMWQxZmYyNg==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F25\u002Fmultimedia\u002F13tb-sewers-ctpz\u002F13tb-sewers-ctpz-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNDA5ZDdkYTAtYmM4OS01OWZmLWIyMGQtMTlkNmYxNzEyYjhj"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F13\u002Fscience\u002Falligators-sewers-florida.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderFullBleedVerticalBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-12T00:05:05.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Birds of Paradise Glow on Mating Parade","seo":"Birds of Paradise Glow on Their Mating Parade","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2FlMjEwOGQyLWI4YzctNTFmNi05ZmJhLTI1ZmQxNDdlYzU3ZA==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F11\u002Fmultimedia\u002F11TB-GLOWBIRDS-promo\u002F11TB-GLOWBIRDS-promo-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMGZhYTU3NGYtN2RiMi01NTRhLWJhNWYtODY1Y2Q1N2Q2ZjQz"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F11\u002Fscience\u002Fbirds-of-paradise-luminescence.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-07T18:52:43.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Scared of Spiders? Also Scared of Zombies? We Have Some Bad News.","seo":"A Fungus That Turns Spiders Into Zombies Is a Discovery to Haunt Your Nightmares","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U3M2MxZTNjLTAzMTgtNWRmOS1iOTY4LWM2NWQyMTliZjVmMA==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F18\u002Fmultimedia\u002F07tb-spider-fungus-01-btwq\u002F07tb-spider-fungus-01-btwq-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvZjNlM2FlZGEtMGIzYS01YWEwLWIzYjItYjAxZmRkNjljOTk2"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F07\u002Fscience\u002Fspiders-fungus-zombies-bbc.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-06T19:00:10.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"What Lurks in This Flower’s Bizarrely Large Y Chromosome?","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzhlMmE2N2E5LTE0MTQtNWUzYS04NjQ4LWE0YzQyMWNmNmY5Nw==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F06\u002Fmultimedia\u002F06tb-giantychromosome-wtfz\u002F06tb-giantychromosome-wtfz-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMWY4NDZlNWQtZTNlOS01NDQ4LWI3YzgtODc1YjE1M2Q2Y2Ix"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F06\u002Fscience\u002Fgiant-y-chromosome-flower.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-06T16:00:20.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"How to Boil an Egg? Scientists Claim to Have Cracked the Recipe.","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzA1ZGYwOGJmLTY4OGItNWIyYy04ODJhLTYzYWVlZWRmMDExMA==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F06\u002Fmultimedia\u002F06-EGGS-promo-hmpq\u002F06-EGGS-promo-hmpq-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvYjU0ZmQ2YTEtNWFlOC01NWQ0LThlNTQtMDJiMTZlZWQ1Yjdm"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F06\u002Fscience\u002Fboiled-egg-science-recipe.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderFullBleedVerticalBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-06T16:00:12.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Fossils Preserve Both Skin and Scales From an Ancient Sea Monster","seo":"Plesiosaur Fossils Preserve Both Skin and Scales on Ancient Sea Monster","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzk2ZDk2NTU4LWYzYjAtNTM0MC05ZGEwLTY3MDg0MjY0NjEzNQ==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F06\u002Fmultimedia\u002F06tb-skin-01-bfpt\u002F06tb-skin-01-bfpt-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvOGJmZjk4ZTktYmI0ZC01M2ZhLWE5OTEtMTIyOGQ3YjZmY2M2"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F06\u002Fscience\u002Fplesiosaur-fossils-skin-scales.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-05T16:00:06.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"The Search for the Original Silly Goose in the Fossil Record","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzkxMzBiZGU0LTgwMDktNTNkYy05ZjU2LWY4MWRkMTU3ZjM4Yg==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F25\u002Fmultimedia\u002F05tb-goose-01-jqmg\u002F05tb-goose-01-jqmg-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvYTgwMjY4NmYtNzllMi01NDRkLTg0NGUtOWNmNTRkOWU4NmI4"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F05\u002Fscience\u002Fgoose-duck-fossil.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-05T16:00:06.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"The Physics That Keeps a Crowd From Becoming a Stampede","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzk5ZmZlNmUwLTg4OTAtNTE2OC04ODUwLTkwYjJlZDllOThlMQ==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F05\u002Fmultimedia\u002F05tb-crowds-promo-ltkm\u002F05tb-crowds-promo-ltkm-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNWRhNDNmMGYtNjY0ZS01OTA3LWEyYjItZGVjYjdkZGJjYWIz"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F05\u002Fscience\u002Fcrowds-stampedes-pamplona.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-01T10:00:37.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Eerie Light Haunts a Southern Town. It May Come From Under the Earth.","seo":"Earthquakes May Explain Summerville Light’s Eerie Glow","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2U0ZmIxNDUxLTQyN2EtNWZiOC1hZDEwLTBmMjE4OGNlNzBkNw==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F11\u002Fscience\u002F01tb-earthquake-lights\u002F01tb-earthquake-lights-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvN2VjOGI1YmQtYzExYS01MDYwLThiNDktYmU5MmM0N2Y4MWZj"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F01\u002Fscience\u002Fearthquake-lights-summerville-ghost.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-01-31T19:10:11.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"This Carnivore Turned Up in Egypt After Vanishing 5,000 Years Ago","seo":"A Spotted Hyena Turns Up in Egypt After a 5,000 Absence","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2RkMjIzMzY3LTAwZjMtNTNlOC1iZmViLTM2N2IzMzI4MGU4NA==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F11\u002Fscience\u002F31tb-hyena\u002F31tb-hyena-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvODY4ZWU1MzYtMmJkNi01NGQwLWIxNjUtZDVhMmVlNzJhNTg3"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F31\u002Fscience\u002Fspotted-hyena-egypt.html"}}],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","endCursor":"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjEx","hasNextPage":true,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA="}},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uLzFiNDBlYWRjLTFmNjEtNTg2ZS04YmEyLTNhMzQ0MmU3MDIzNQ==","name":"Trilobites","slug":"trilobites","tagline":"Unearthing fascinating morsels of science.","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fcolumn\u002Ftrilobites"},"commentProperties":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkCommentProperties","approvedCommentsCount":null,"prompt":"","status":"NO_COMMENTS"},"compatibility":{"__typename":"CompatibilityFeatures","hasInlineEmbeddedInteractives":false,"hasOakConversionError":false,"hasVideo":false,"isArtReview":false,"isBookReview":false,"isDiningReview":false,"isMovieReview":false,"isOak":true,"isTheaterReview":false},"curatedAssetComments":null,"desk":"Science","dfpTaxonomyException":null,"displayProperties":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkDisplayProperties","fullBleedDisplayStyle":"","serveAsNyt4":false},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":"","links":[],"linksLeadIn":""},"eventId":"pubp:\u002F\u002Fevent\u002Fa7c09e8756544d4fbe2f32d0e4697819","featuredAudio":null,"firstPublished":"2024-11-05T01:33:54.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"The Science That Makes Baseball Mud ‘Magical’","seo":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzY2Yjc3ZjZiLWUyYmEtNTg5Ny1iNjFmLWZiZDZmNWVkOTQ3MA==","kicker":"Trilobites","language":null,"lastMajorModification":"2024-11-05T19:43:58.000Z","lastModified":"2024-11-08T16:23:18.361Z","legacy":{"__typename":"ArticleLegacyData","htmlExtendedAuthorOrArticleInformation":"","htmlInfoBox":"","reviewInformation":""},"newsStatus":"DEFAULT","originalDesk":"Science","printInformation":{"__typename":"PrintInformation","edition":"NewYork","headline":"There Is Joy in This Mudville: Scientists Solve ‘Magical’ Muck","page":"6","publicationDate":"2024-11-07T05:00:00.000Z","section":"B"},"promotionalImage":{"__typename":"PromotionalImage","image":{"__typename":"Image","caption":{"__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock","text":"Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip."},"credit":"Elsa\u002FGetty Images","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"MEDIUM_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":640,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-square640.jpg","width":640}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"THREE_BY_TWO","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1720,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-threeByTwoLargeAt2X.jpg","width":2580}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNzI0NTc0ZWMtYmMwMy01ODZlLThkYmYtYmVjMDNjNjhjOWIw"},"socialMediaRendition":{"__typename":"SignableImageRendition","parentPublishDate":"2024-11-05T01:33:54.000Z","parentPublishYear":2024,"rendition":{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":550,"name":"facebookJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-facebookJumbo.jpg","width":1050},"signature":{"__typename":"ImageSignature","keyId":"ZQJBKqZ0VN","value":"24954c2bd3d3f8d9d7470277a1f4b411992f8c48c2d449dd12cb331e4124f9a5"}},"twitterRendition":{"__typename":"SignableImageRendition","parentPublishDate":"2024-11-05T01:33:54.000Z","parentPublishYear":2024,"rendition":{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1687,"name":"videoSixteenByNine3000","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-videoSixteenByNine3000.jpg","width":3000},"signature":{"__typename":"ImageSignature","keyId":"ZQJBKqZ0VN","value":"a363ce5b369c1b7294077f40ad906a18bc08feaff8cea445b6aa1aea73e07124"}}},"promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","assetCrops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"MASTER","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":400,"name":"articleLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-articleLarge.jpg","width":600},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1365,"name":"superJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-superJumbo.jpg","width":2048}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":75,"name":"thumbStandard","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-thumbStandard.jpg","width":75},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"MEDIUM_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1800,"name":"mediumSquareAt3X","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg","width":1800}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SIXTEEN_BY_NINE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1687,"name":"videoSixteenByNine3000","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-videoSixteenByNine3000.jpg","width":3000},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":900,"name":"videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg","width":1600}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"FACEBOOK","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":550,"name":"facebookJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-facebookJumbo.jpg","width":1050}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"GOOGLE_4_BY_3","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":600,"name":"googleFourByThree","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-googleFourByThree.jpg","width":800}]}],"caption":{"__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock","text":"Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip."},"credit":"Elsa\u002FGetty Images","id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNzI0NTc0ZWMtYmMwMy01ODZlLThkYmYtYmVjMDNjNjhjOWIw"},"requestToCommentEnabled":true,"reviewItems":[],"reviewSummary":"","section":{"__typename":"Section","displayName":"Science","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9zZWN0aW9uL2ZiMjQxZTE2LWNiZGUtNWQ2MC1iZTZlLTZiY2E5ZTg2YzY5Nw==","name":"science","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsection\u002Ffb241e16-cbde-5d60-be6e-6bca9e86c697","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fsection\u002Fscience"},"slug":"04tb-baseball-mud","source":{"__typename":"Organization","displayName":"New York Times","id":"T3JnYW5pemF0aW9uOm55dDovL29yZ2FuaXphdGlvbi9jMjc5MTM4OC02YjE2LTVmZmQtYTExOS05NmVhY2IxOTg5YzE="},"sourceId":"100000009803151","sourcePublisher":"scoop","sprinkled":{"__typename":"SprinkledContent","configs":[{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"mobile","stride":4,"threshold":3},{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"desktop","stride":7,"threshold":3},{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"mobileHoldout","stride":4,"threshold":2},{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"desktopHoldout","stride":5,"threshold":3},{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"hybrid","stride":4,"threshold":3}]},"sprinkledBody":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock","byline":{"__typename":"BylineBlock","bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creators":[{"__typename":"Person","bioUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fby\u002Fdavid-waldstein","displayName":"David Waldstein","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi9hNGZkYjc4OC1jZjA1LTU4MzctYjYxMy00NTg4YWFlYWJjZDE=","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2018\u002F02\u002F20\u002Fmultimedia\u002Fauthor-david-waldstein\u002Fauthor-david-waldstein-thumbLarge-v3.png"}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvZTA1ODJiZTQtNmI1Yy01MzU4LTk3MTktNGU1NTI3YmVkYzQ1"}}],"prefix":"By","renderedRepresentation":"By David Waldstein"}],"hideHeadshots":false,"role":[],"textAlign":"LEFT"},"headline":{"__typename":"Heading1Block","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The Science That Makes Baseball Mud ‘Magical’"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},"label":{"__typename":"LabelBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Trilobites"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"ImageBlock","media":{"__typename":"Image","altText":"Daniel Hudson, wearing a Los Angeles Dodgers uniform, in mid-pitch.","caption":{"__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip."}]}],"text":"Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip."},"credit":"Elsa\u002FGetty Images","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":400,"name":"articleLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-articleLarge.jpg","width":600},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":433,"name":"popup","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-popup.jpg","width":650},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":683,"name":"jumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-jumbo.jpg","width":1024},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1365,"name":"superJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-superJumbo.jpg","width":2048}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":127,"name":"articleInline","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-articleInline.jpg","width":190}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1800,"name":"mobileMasterAt3x","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg","width":1800}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNzI0NTc0ZWMtYmMwMy01ODZlLThkYmYtYmVjMDNjNjhjOWIw","imageType":"photo","legacyHtmlCaption":"Daniel Hudson of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 4 of the World Series last week. Mud is applied to new baseballs because they are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip.","timesTags":[],"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fimage\u002F724574ec-bc03-586e-8dbf-bec03c68c9b0","url":"\u002Fimagepages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-qmzl.html"},"size":"MEDIUM"},"summary":{"__typename":"SummaryBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Scientists dug up the real dirt on the substance applied to all the baseballs used in the major leagues."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},"timestampBlock":{"__typename":"TimestampBlock","align":"LEFT","showUpdatedTimestamp":null,"timestamp":"2024-11-05T01:33:54.000Z"}},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"If you looked closely at the baseballs used in the World Series last month, you would notice that they were covered in a mysterious brown substance."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":0},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"It was not a mistake, and nothing illegal was found on the balls. It was just mud."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"For decades, all the balls used in Major League Baseball have been coated with mud harvested from a secret spot along a Delaware River tributary in New Jersey. Only a few people knew of the exact location, and until recently, only a few knew the exact contents of that mud."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":1},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Now researchers have dug deep and found what they consider to be remarkable mechanical properties of this mud."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":2},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"“This is the magical thing: It spreads like face cream and grips like sandpaper,” said Douglas Jerolmack, a professor of earth and environmental science at the University of Pennsylvania and one of the authors of "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pnas.org\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1073\u002Fpnas.2413514121"}],"text":"a paper published on Monday"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Science."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":3},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Their research may be well suited for more than just studying baseball. The researchers say that the techniques they used to understand how baseball mud works could be extended to the development of sustainable materials for construction, agriculture and infrastructure."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":4},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"“This study helps in trying to find materials in nature that can replace hydrocarbon-based materials that we use today,” said Shravan Pradeep, a chemical engineer, postdoctoral researcher at Penn and another author of the study."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":5},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Baseball mud is "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F07\u002F26\u002Fsports\u002Fbaseball\u002Fbaseball-mud-supplier.html"}],"text":"part of the game’s mythology"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":". Since the 1950s, it has been dug up along the Delaware River and applied to brand-new balls by clubhouse attendants. They grab a dab from a container, apply it to the balls with their hands and leave behind a thin brown film."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":true,"index":6},{"__typename":"ImageBlock","media":{"__typename":"Image","altText":"A diagram showing a baseball with its top half fresh, white and new, and its bottom half coated in the mud. Green microscope images at right show the differing surfaces, one smoother and the other more textured.","caption":{"__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"A 3-D reconstructed image of bare and mudded baseball surfaces obtained using confocal microscopy."}]}],"text":"A 3-D reconstructed image of bare and mudded baseball surfaces obtained using confocal microscopy."},"credit":"Shravan Pradeep, University of Pennsylvania","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":318,"name":"articleLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz-articleLarge.jpg","width":600},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":344,"name":"popup","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz-popup.jpg","width":650},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":542,"name":"jumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz-jumbo.jpg","width":1024},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1084,"name":"superJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz-superJumbo.jpg","width":2048}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":101,"name":"articleInline","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz-articleInline.jpg","width":190}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":953,"name":"mobileMasterAt3x","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg","width":1800}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvZjRlNDBjNzUtZWZiNC01ZmM3LWI4ZTYtMjZmMDQ5ZWUzYTUy","imageType":"photo","legacyHtmlCaption":"A 3-D reconstructed image of bare and mudded baseball surfaces obtained using confocal microscopy.","timesTags":[],"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fimage\u002Ff4e40c75-efb4-5fc7-b8e6-26f049ee3a52","url":"\u002Fimagepages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-01-fhgz.html"},"size":"MEDIUM"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":true,"index":7},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The mud is applied because new balls from the manufacturer are glossy and slippery, making them difficult for pitchers to grip. But the league allows the material to be rubbed in, unlike other sticky substances that pitchers have tried to use over the years, which are against the rules."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":8},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"While the source of the mud is a well-guarded secret, the mud is not difficult to obtain. The authors of the new study bought a small jar of Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud from the company’s website for less than $30."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":9},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Using various instruments, they measured the composition of the mud, its viscosity, levels of friction and adhesion. They say the mud is composed of clay, tiny particulates of quartz and other minerals, a little sand and a very small amount of material from plants and other living things; it is about 43 percent water by weight. The basic ingredients alone are neither surprising nor remarkable. What makes the mud special are the proportions of the ingredients, which give the mud two characteristics that seem at odds with one another."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":10},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The mud spreads on smoothly, but once it dries it has a slightly rough and sticky aspect. The angular particles of sand seem to play an important role, the researchers found. “The sand grains are glued to the surface by the clay,” Dr. Jerolmack said, “and now you have this uniform layer with sand particles that are like barnacles studding the surface.”"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":11},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"This duality, the researchers say, means that the mud, or a similar material, could be used as both a lubricant and a friction agent. The mud also gives the balls a more uniform surface by filling in the pores on the leather, and it can effectively double the contact adhesion, or stickiness, between the ball and the pitcher’s hand."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":true,"index":12},{"__typename":"ImageBlock","media":{"__typename":"Image","altText":"Jim Bintliff, in white shorts, is ankle-deep in mud at the banks of a calm river. He is shoveling the mud into two large blue buckets.","caption":{"__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Jim Bintliff, owner of Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud, harvesting the mud from a secret spot along a Delaware River tributary in New Jersey."}]}],"text":"Jim Bintliff, owner of Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud, harvesting the mud from a secret spot along a Delaware River tributary in New Jersey."},"credit":"Hannah Beier for The New York Times","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":400,"name":"articleLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz-articleLarge.jpg","width":600},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":433,"name":"popup","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz-popup.jpg","width":650},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":683,"name":"jumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz-jumbo.jpg","width":1024},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1365,"name":"superJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz-superJumbo.jpg","width":2048}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":127,"name":"articleInline","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz-articleInline.jpg","width":190}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1800,"name":"mobileMasterAt3x","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg","width":1800}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvZWI5NmYxZmUtNDk3NC01Yzc4LWIyZmUtNTA5YWQ4NDYxNjBm","imageType":"photo","legacyHtmlCaption":"Jim Bintliff, owner of Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud, harvesting the mud from a secret spot along a Delaware River tributary in New Jersey.","timesTags":[],"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fimage\u002Feb96f1fe-4974-5c78-b2fe-509ad846160f","url":"\u002Fimagepages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmultimedia\u002F04tb-baseball-mud-02-fhgz.html"},"size":"MEDIUM"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":true,"index":13},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The company that produces the mud is very secretive about the riverbank from which the mud is harvested, as well as the processing procedures. The researchers assume that some filtering occurs — perhaps to reduce the proportion of sand. There may also be a small additive. But they concluded that, as with many geomaterials, years of production and observation had helped the company arrive at its secret recipe."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":14},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"“They really know what they are doing,” Dr. Jerolmack said. “This stuff has been processed to optimize its properties.”"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":15},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"In recent years, Major League Baseball has sought manufactured alternatives to the mud. But the researchers behind the new study say the age-old product that comes from the ground is effective, and sustainable through tidal replenishment."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":16},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"“You don’t need to go synthetic,” said Paulo Arratia, a professor of mechanical engineering and applied mechanics at Penn."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":17},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"While the study’s authors said that their methods for studying the mud could be applied to similar materials that one day might replace carbon-intensive construction materials, they conceded that there were other motivations for doing the research."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":18},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"“It’s baseball-related,” Dr. Pradeep said, “so it’s fun.”"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"RelatedLinksBlock","description":[],"displayStyle":"EXPANDED","related":[{"__typename":"Article","bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creators":[{"__typename":"Person","displayName":"Dan Barry","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi82M2IwMWFmNS03NGJmLTVhMTYtOTc5OC0xN2YzNjgzNTA4YWM="}]}],"collections":[{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","mobileHeader":"","promotionalMedia":null}],"firstPublished":"2022-07-26T11:00:11.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"He’s Baseball’s Only Mud Supplier. It’s a Job He May Soon Lose.","seo":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzBkYzA0ZWYxLWJkMDEtNWFhYi05MDMxLTU5NzBkOTVjZjA5Mw==","promotionalHeadline":"He’s Baseball’s Only Mud Supplier. It’s a Job He May Soon Lose.","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","credit":"Hannah Beier for The New York Times","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F07\u002F26\u002Fsports\u002F26baseball-mud1\u002Fmerlin_210600345_bab5c2ca-638c-4267-9c36-652279fe11f2-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"square640","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F07\u002F26\u002Fsports\u002F26baseball-mud1\u002Fmerlin_210600345_bab5c2ca-638c-4267-9c36-652279fe11f2-square640.jpg","width":640}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"videoLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F07\u002F26\u002Fsports\u002F26baseball-mud1\u002F26baseball-mud1-videoLarge-v3.jpg","width":768},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"mediumThreeByTwo440","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F07\u002F26\u002Fsports\u002F26baseball-mud1\u002F26baseball-mud1-mediumThreeByTwo440-v3.jpg","width":440},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"threeByTwoSmallAt2X","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2022\u002F07\u002F26\u002Fsports\u002F26baseball-mud1\u002F26baseball-mud1-threeByTwoSmallAt2X-v3.jpg","width":600}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvOWExODE5OGItZDdiMC01ZTFjLThhMzUtZGNiNmQ3ZjQzYjI2"},"promotionalSummary":"Jim Bintliff collects the Delaware River mud that is smeared on Major League baseballs to make them less slippery. But that tradition is in jeopardy.","section":{"__typename":"Section","displayName":"Sports","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9zZWN0aW9uLzQzODE0MTFiLTY3MGYtNTQ1OS04Mjc3LWIxODE0ODVhMTllYw=="},"summary":"Jim Bintliff collects the Delaware River mud that is smeared on Major League baseballs to make them less slippery. But that tradition is in jeopardy.","typeOfMaterials":["News"],"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F07\u002F26\u002Fsports\u002Fbaseball\u002Fbaseball-mud-supplier.html"}],"title":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"A Baseball Tradition"}]}]},"storyFormat":"Article","storylines":[{"__typename":"AssociatedStoryline","ruleName":"styln-health-science-general","storyline":{"__typename":"Storyline","context":null,"displayName":"Health and Science","experimentalJsonBlob":"{\"data\":[{\"version\":1,\"type\":\"experimentalJsonBlob\",\"data\":[{\"version\":1,\"type\":\"guide\",\"data\":{\"title\":\"Discover More in Health and Science\",\"leadIn\":\"\",\"sections\":[{\"section\":[{\"type\":\"bulletedList\",\"value\":[\"\u003Cstrong\u003EHeart Failure Hope: \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EGrowing awareness and new drugs \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F18\u002Fwell\u002Fheart-failure-prevention.html\\\"\u003Ecould help change the trajectory for patients\u003C\u002Fa\u003E with both types of the disease.\",\"\u003Cstrong\u003EMath That Makes the Best of Things\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E: \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F14\u002Fscience\u002Fmathematics-figalli-optimal-transport.html\\\"\u003EAlessio Figalli studies optimal transport\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a field that includes areas as seemingly disparate as cloud movement and chatbots.\",\"\u003Cstrong\u003EAn Invisible Medical Shortage: \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EOxygen is vital to many medical procedures. But a safe, affordable supply \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F17\u002Fhealth\u002Fmedical-oxygen-shortage.html\\\"\u003Eis severely lacking around the world\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, according to a report.\",\"‘\u003Cstrong\u003EUltrahigh Energy’ Neutrino\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E: \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003ELooking deep into the Mediterranean Sea, scientists \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F12\u002Fscience\u002Fastrophysics-universe-neutrinos.html\\\"\u003Efound the most energetic known particle of its kind\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and they have no idea where it came from.\",\"\u003Cstrong\u003ENational Institutes of Health: \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EAfter weeks of disruption to scientific federal grants,\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F14\u002Fhealth\u002Fnational-institutes-of-health-research-grants.html\\\"\u003Efunding to research deadly diseases is lagging by about $1 billion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E behind the levels of recent years.\"]}]}]}}]}]}","guide":{"__typename":"StorylineGuide","displayName":"Discover More in Health and Science","leadIn":null,"sections":[{"__typename":"StorylineGuideSection","items":[{"__typename":"StorylineGuideItem","content":{"__typename":"ListBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"Heart Failure Hope: "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Growing awareness and new drugs "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002F0c5cfe0f-d75d-5dbc-b57b-782f949dc7c4","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F18\u002Fwell\u002Fheart-failure-prevention.html"}],"text":"could help change the trajectory for patients"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" with both types of the disease."}]}]},{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"Math That Makes the Best of Things"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":": "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002F0e9b6d95-4110-5a68-8a2a-5d51348c6220","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F14\u002Fscience\u002Fmathematics-figalli-optimal-transport.html"}],"text":"Alessio Figalli studies optimal transport"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":", a field that includes areas as seemingly disparate as cloud movement and chatbots."}]}]},{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"An Invisible Medical Shortage: "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Oxygen is vital to many medical procedures. But a safe, affordable supply "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002F63d8427c-9131-53fe-b9c3-93679b81c761","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F17\u002Fhealth\u002Fmedical-oxygen-shortage.html"}],"text":"is severely lacking around the world"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":", according to a report."}]}]},{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"‘"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"Ultrahigh Energy’ Neutrino"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":": "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Looking deep into the Mediterranean Sea, scientists "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002F82985654-3975-5609-9b37-9a232ed3afb1","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F12\u002Fscience\u002Fastrophysics-universe-neutrinos.html"}],"text":"found the most energetic known particle of its kind"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":", and they have no idea where it came from."}]}]},{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"National Institutes of Health: "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"After weeks of disruption to scientific federal grants,"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":" "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002F8e73d74a-367e-5e80-9d63-1690a2e31288","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F14\u002Fhealth\u002Fnational-institutes-of-health-research-grants.html"}],"text":"funding to research deadly diseases is lagging by about $1 billion"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" behind the levels of recent years."}]}]}]}}]}]},"hubAssets":[],"primaryAssets":[],"promotedLiveAssets":[],"tone":"NEWS","topLinks":null,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fstoryline\u002F9343ef2d-5c74-4232-a8cb-ef3c9ad013ae","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fstoryline\u002F9343ef2d-5c74-4232-a8cb-ef3c9ad013ae"},"testName":""},{"__typename":"AssociatedStoryline","ruleName":"styln-sports-general","storyline":{"__typename":"Storyline","context":null,"displayName":"Sports","experimentalJsonBlob":"{\"data\":[{\"version\":1,\"type\":\"experimentalJsonBlob\",\"data\":[{\"version\":1,\"type\":\"guide\",\"data\":{\"title\":\"Inside the World of Sports\",\"leadIn\":\"Dive deeper into the people, issues and trends shaping professional, collegiate and amateur athletics.\",\"sections\":[{\"section\":[{\"type\":\"bulletedList\",\"value\":[\"\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Birthplace of Ultimate Frisbee:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E In a New Jersey parking lot \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F15\u002Fnyregion\u002Fultimate-frisbee-new-jersey-parking-lot.html\\\"\u003Ewhere high school students invented the game nearly 60 years ago\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, some of the original players are still throwing the disc every week.\",\"\u003Cstrong\u003EA Good Time to be an N.F.L. Coach:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E Pay packages, even for first-time coaches, have \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F13\u002Fbusiness\u002Ffootball-coaches-salaries.html\\\"\u003Erisen sharply since the 1990s\u003C\u002Fa\u003E as teams seek those who can turn their franchises into perennial Super Bowl contenders.\",\"\u003Cstrong\u003EA 17-Minute Fishing Season:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E Despite its brevity, the rush to spear giant sturgeon in Cheboygan, Mich., \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F08\u002Fsports\u002Fsturgeon-michigan-black-lake.html\\\"\u003Edraws several thousand fishermen from around the country\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\",\"\u003Cstrong\u003EN.H.L. Team Puts Its Name to a Vote: \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EThe Utah Hockey Club is \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F30\u002Fsports\u002Fnhl-utah-hockey-club-yeti.htmlx\\\"\u003Esearching for a new name\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, but it’s skated into a marketplace crowded with trademarks.\",\"\u003Cstrong\u003ESports Fans in Antarctica:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E Research scientists in remote locations need to \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F04\u002Fbusiness\u002Fbuffalo-bills-afc-antarctica.html\\\"\u003Eget creative in order to follow their favorite teams\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, even when they don’t like the outcomes.\"]}]}]}}]}]}","guide":{"__typename":"StorylineGuide","displayName":"Inside the World of Sports","leadIn":"Dive deeper into the people, issues and trends shaping professional, collegiate and amateur athletics.","sections":[{"__typename":"StorylineGuideSection","items":[{"__typename":"StorylineGuideItem","content":{"__typename":"ListBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"The Birthplace of Ultimate Frisbee:"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" In a New Jersey parking lot "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002Fd04ace6a-20b4-5a37-a1bc-b2dede39726e","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F15\u002Fnyregion\u002Fultimate-frisbee-new-jersey-parking-lot.html"}],"text":"where high school students invented the game nearly 60 years ago"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":", some of the original players are still throwing the disc every week."}]}]},{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"A Good Time to be an N.F.L. Coach:"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" Pay packages, even for first-time coaches, have "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002Ffe96d874-f645-58b6-877f-23bc72350d92","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F13\u002Fbusiness\u002Ffootball-coaches-salaries.html"}],"text":"risen sharply since the 1990s"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" as teams seek those who can turn their franchises into perennial Super Bowl contenders."}]}]},{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"A 17-Minute Fishing Season:"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" Despite its brevity, the rush to spear giant sturgeon in Cheboygan, Mich., "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002F5958c16a-33a4-5c19-a7b5-de1dc724ceeb","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F08\u002Fsports\u002Fsturgeon-michigan-black-lake.html"}],"text":"draws several thousand fishermen from around the country"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"."}]}]},{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"N.H.L. Team Puts Its Name to a Vote: "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The Utah Hockey Club is "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F30\u002Fsports\u002Fnhl-utah-hockey-club-yeti.htmlx"}],"text":"searching for a new name"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":", but it’s skated into a marketplace crowded with trademarks."}]}]},{"__typename":"ListItemBlock","content":[{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"BoldFormat"}],"text":"Sports Fans in Antarctica:"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" Research scientists in remote locations need to "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002F02075533-208f-52c4-8fac-8b4a3b09a237","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F04\u002Fbusiness\u002Fbuffalo-bills-afc-antarctica.html"}],"text":"get creative in order to follow their favorite teams"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":", even when they don’t like the outcomes."}]}]}]}}]}]},"hubAssets":[],"primaryAssets":[],"promotedLiveAssets":[],"tone":"NEWS","topLinks":null,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fstoryline\u002F3404551b-9f9e-4363-8ec4-5affcdc7fd9a","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fstoryline\u002F3404551b-9f9e-4363-8ec4-5affcdc7fd9a"},"testName":""}],"subsection":null,"summary":"Scientists dug up the real dirt on the substance applied to all the baseballs used in the major leagues.","timesTags":[{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"your-feed-science","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002F91152a22-8114-54cd-803a-8737f464ed2a","vernacular":"your-feed-science"},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Baseball","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002F83c064e5-9d03-5d46-a920-4aa1871ca0e1","vernacular":"Baseball"},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Sporting Goods and Equipment","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002F83e31bf6-5647-5c9c-9722-c1504c2314f3","vernacular":""},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Soil","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002Ff47b54ae-9638-59dc-b873-dbd37e50b1ed","vernacular":"Soil"},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Rivers","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002F2e893eb8-a8d8-519c-ae12-02bad0a1a073","vernacular":"River"},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Research","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002Fd88ded1c-7e45-5b0d-bffc-3c36a51c6754","vernacular":"Research"},{"__typename":"Organization","associatedLegacyCollections":[{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Major League Baseball"},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uLzQzNmU4NDZhLTlhZDktNWZlZS1hMjNhLTNjODkwN2Y5NzE1Zg==","language":null,"name":"Major League Baseball","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Ftopic\u002Forganization\u002Fmajor-league-baseball"}],"displayName":"Major League Baseball","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Forganization\u002F4c2af3d4-2437-5744-9ee9-54c32532db47","vernacular":"MLB"},{"__typename":"Location","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Delaware River","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flocation\u002F4258345e-a1fa-5d87-980a-ba0d31eff06a","vernacular":"Delaware River"},{"__typename":"Organization","associatedLegacyCollections":[{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uLzYwNWQ2MGVlLWE5NTQtNTFkMi1iMmNiLTYzZDRmOWYxMTQyZQ==","language":null,"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Ftopic\u002Forganization\u002Fproceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences"}],"displayName":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Forganization\u002F02f369eb-12fd-596b-8629-435e227d86a9","vernacular":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"}],"tone":"FEATURE","translations":[],"type":"article","typeOfMaterials":["News"],"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002F66b77f6b-e2ba-5897-b61f-fbd6f5ed9470","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fscience\u002Fbaseball-mud-mlb.html","wordCount":774}}},"initialState":{},"config":{"gqlUrlClient":"https:\u002F\u002Fsamizdat-graphql.nytimes.com\u002Fgraphql\u002Fv2","gqlRequestHeaders":{"nyt-app-type":"project-vi","nyt-app-version":"0.0.5","nyt-token":"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs+\u002FoUCTBmD\u002FcLdmcecrnBMHiU\u002FpxQCn2DDyaPKUOXxi4p0uUSZQzsuq1pJ1m5z1i0YGPd1U1OeGHAChWtqoxC7bFMCXcwnE1oyui9G1uobgpm1GdhtwkR7ta7akVTcsF8zxiXx7DNXIPd2nIJFH83rmkZueKrC4JVaNzjvD+Z03piLn5bHWU6+w+rA+kyJtGgZNTXKyPh6EC6o5N+rknNMG5+CdTq35p8f99WjFawSvYgP9V64kgckbTbtdJ6YhVP58TnuYgr12urtwnIqWP9KSJ1e5vmgf3tunMqWNm6+AnsqNj8mCLdCuc5cEB74CwUeQcP2HQQmbCddBy2y0mEwIDAQAB","x-nyt-internal-meter-override":undefined,"x-nyt-targeting-dimensions-map":"newsTenure=anon_user"},"gqlFetchTimeout":1500,"disablePersistedQueries":false,"initialDeviceType":"desktop","fastlyAbraConfig":{".ver":"23577.000","AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","DFP_MediaNet_0123":"","HOME_cwv_chartbeat":"0_Control"},"fastlyEntitlements":[],"platform":undefined,"internalPreviewConfig":{"meter":undefined,"swg":undefined},"webviewEnvironment":{"isInWebview":false,"isPreloaded":false},"isOptimisticallyTruncated":true,"optimisticTruncationDropzone":6,"requestPath":"\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fscience\u002Fbaseball-mud-mlb.html","isProvisionallyLoggedIn":false,"routeName":"vi-story","serviceWorkerFile":"service-worker-test-1740612315677.js","preloadedServiceWorkerFile":"\u002Fvi-assets\u002Fstatic-assets\u002Fpreloaded-service-worker-1740612512795.js"},"ssrQuery":{},"initialLocation":{"pathname":"\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fscience\u002Fbaseball-mud-mlb.html","search":""}};</script> <script>!function(){try{var e="undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:{},a=(new Error).stack;a&&(e._sentryDebugIds=e._sentryDebugIds||{},e._sentryDebugIds[a]="039c8382-8c72-4def-ad60-3e3ee60afdec",e._sentryDebugIdIdentifier="sentry-dbid-039c8382-8c72-4def-ad60-3e3ee60afdec")}catch(e){}}();var _global="undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:{};_global.SENTRY_RELEASE={id:"1aa71732e0f565e7bc112233016da48586b3ef21"},function(e){function a(a){for(var c,r,s=a[0],t=a[1],f=a[2],i=0,l=[];i<s.length;i++)r=s[i],Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,r)&&n[r]&&l.push(n[r][0]),n[r]=0;for(c in t)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(e[c]=t[c]);for(b&&b(a);l.length;)l.shift()();return o.push.apply(o,f||[]),d()}function d(){for(var e,a=0;a<o.length;a++){for(var d=o[a],c=!0,s=1;s<d.length;s++){var t=d[s];0!==n[t]&&(c=!1)}c&&(o.splice(a--,1),e=r(r.s=d[0]))}return e}var c={},n={154:0},o=[];function r(a){if(c[a])return c[a].exports;var d=c[a]={i:a,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[a].call(d.exports,d,d.exports,r),d.l=!0,d.exports}r.e=function(e){var a=[],d=n[e];if(0!==d)if(d)a.push(d[2]);else{var c=new Promise((function(a,c){d=n[e]=[a,c]}));a.push(d[2]=c);var o,s=document.createElement("script");s.charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,r.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",r.nc),s.src=function(e){return r.p+""+({0:"vendor",1:"vendors~accessCodeLPAllAccess~accessCodeLPAudio~accessCodeLPCooking~accessCodeLPGames~accessCodeLPHy~ae19e677",2:"vendors~account~byline~capsule~clientSideCapsule~collections~explainer~getstarted~liveAsset~livePane~32214921",4:"vendors~audio~bestsellers~card~collections~explainer~home~liveAsset~markets~paidpost~reviews~search~~b0abd9a2",5:"vendors~audio~byline~capsule~card~cardpanel~clientSideCapsule~collections~explainer~liveAsset~livePa~5a3d4357",6:"vendors~activateAudioLoginPage~allAccessLandingPage~athleticGiftLandingPage~audioLandingPage~brandLa~c146d5af",7:"vendors~activateAudioLoginPage~allAccessLandingPage~athleticGiftLandingPage~brandLandingPage~gamesGi~c8843a55",8:"vendors~audio~byline~capsule~carddeck~cardpanel~clientSideCapsule~home~livePanel~paidpost~trending~video",9:"vendors~accessCodeLPAllAccess~accessCodeLPAudio~accessCodeLPCooking~accessCodeLPGames~accessCodeLPHy~8802538a",10:"vendors~accessCodeLPAllAccess~accessCodeLPAudio~accessCodeLPCooking~accessCodeLPGames~accessCodeLPHy~bb6edae8",11:"vendors~accessCodeLPAllAccess~accessCodeLPAudio~accessCodeLPCooking~accessCodeLPGames~accessCodeLPHy~ed77dc00",12:"vendors~athleticGiftLandingPage~audioLandingPage~brandLandingPage~cookingLandingPage~gamesGiftLandin~3c1aa463",13:"vendors~getstarted~newsletter~newsletters~newsletterssubscriberonly~recirculation~welcomesubscriber~~a6f3c374",14:"bestsellers~markets~reviews~search~trending~your-list",15:"vendors~athleticLandingPage~audioLandingPage~cookingLandingPage~homeDeliveryLandingPage~hyundaiCardL~6dd8d2d8",16:"account~activateaccess~newslettersmanage~newslettersoptout~newslettersreengagement",17:"markets~reviews~timeswire~trending",18:"newsletter~newsletters~newsletterssubscriberonly~your-places-global-update",19:"vendors~CardDeck~carddeck~cardpanel~home",20:"giftArticles~subRecircBottomSheet~timeswire",21:"vendors~bestsellers~card~slideshow",22:"vendors~giftArticles~timeswire~your-list",25:"caHamburgerNestedNavData~nestedNav",26:"emailsignup~your-space",27:"internationalHamburgerNestedNavData",28:"nestedNav~usHamburgerNestedNavData",29:"vendors~account~newslettersoptout",30:"vendors~gamesOnboardingOfferLandingPage~newsOnboardingOfferLandingPage",31:"vendors~getstarted~welcomesubscriber",32:"vendors~groupsHigherEdLandingPage~groupsLandingPage",37:"CardDeck",38:"ChineseHanLogo",39:"DealbookLogo",40:"InsiderLogo",41:"NYTCommunitiesFundHeader",42:"Rio2016",43:"SportsFromTheAthleticLogo",44:"TMagazineLogo",45:"UpshotLogo",46:"WorldCupLogo2018",47:"accessCodeLPAllAccess",48:"accessCodeLPAudio",49:"accessCodeLPCooking",50:"accessCodeLPGames",51:"accessCodeLPHyundaicard",52:"accessCodeLPNews",53:"accessCodeLPNexo",54:"accessCodeLPTheAthletic",55:"accessCodeLPWirecutter",56:"account",57:"activateAudioLoginPage",58:"activateaccess",59:"additionalPlaylists",61:"allAccessLandingPage",62:"ask",63:"athleticGiftLandingPage",64:"athleticLandingPage",65:"audio",66:"audioApp",67:"audioLandingPage",68:"audioblock",69:"autoSave",70:"bestsellers",71:"blank",72:"book-review",73:"brandLandingPage",74:"byline",75:"caHamburgerNestedNavData",76:"canadaSiteIndexData",77:"canonicalUrlOverride",78:"capsule",79:"card",80:"carddeck",81:"carddeckadslot",82:"cardpanel",83:"clientSideCapsule",84:"collectionnewsletterform",85:"collections",86:"commentsForm",87:"commentsV2",88:"cookingAppDownloadLandingPage",89:"cookingLandingPage",90:"datasubjectrequest",91:"datasubjectrequestverification",92:"dealbook",93:"defaultSiteIndexData",94:"desktopLogoNav",95:"emailsignup",96:"episodefooter",97:"esHamburgerNestedNavData",98:"explainer",99:"explainerPostHeader",100:"explainerRecirculation",101:"fabActual",102:"featuredproperties",103:"foo",104:"gamesGiftLandingPage",105:"gamesLandingPage",106:"gamesOnboardingOfferLandingPage",107:"gatewayLandingPage",108:"getstarted",109:"giftArticles",110:"giftLandingPage",111:"groupsHigherEdLandingPage",112:"groupsLandingPage",113:"hamburgerDrawer",114:"headerfullbleedhorizontal",115:"headerfullbleedvertical",116:"headerlivebriefingvi",117:"home",118:"homeDeliveryLandingPage",119:"hyundaiCardLandingPage",120:"instacartLandingPage",122:"internationalSiteIndexData",123:"leMondeLandingPage",124:"lens",125:"liveAsset",126:"livePanel",127:"livePostHeader",128:"lottieJSON",130:"markets",131:"mortgagecalculator",132:"nestedNav",133:"newsAppLandingPage",134:"newsOnboardingOfferLandingPage",135:"newsletter",136:"newsletterRecirculation",137:"newsletters",138:"newslettersmanage",139:"newslettersoptout",140:"newslettersreengagement",141:"newsletterssubscriberonly",142:"onsiteMessagingExampleLP",143:"opinion",144:"paidpost",145:"privacy",146:"producernotes",147:"query-and-select",148:"recirculation",149:"related-coverage-chunk",150:"reviewheader",151:"reviews",155:"search",156:"siteIndexContent",157:"sitemap",158:"slideshow",159:"slideshowinline",160:"stickyfilljs",161:"story",162:"subRecircBottomSheet",163:"submittedComment",164:"subscribeWithGoogleLP",165:"surveywithdrawconsent",166:"tabActual",167:"the-athletic",168:"timeswire",169:"trending",170:"upshot",171:"usHamburgerNestedNavData",172:"vanity",174:"vendors~athleticLandingPage",175:"vendors~audioblock",176:"vendors~carddeck",177:"vendors~commentsForm",178:"vendors~cookingAppDownloadLandingPage",179:"vendors~emailsignup",180:"vendors~episodefooter",181:"vendors~explainerRecirculation",182:"vendors~giftArticles",183:"vendors~headerfullbleedhorizontal",184:"vendors~headerfullbleedvertical",185:"vendors~headerlivebriefingvi",186:"vendors~homeDeliveryLandingPage",187:"vendors~instacartLandingPage",188:"vendors~mortgagecalculator",189:"vendors~newsAppLandingPage",190:"vendors~producernotes",191:"vendors~recirculation",192:"vendors~reviewheader",193:"vendors~search",194:"vendors~slideshowinline",195:"vendors~subscribeWithGoogleLP",196:"vendors~viToolbar",197:"vendors~videoblock",198:"vendors~wellContent",199:"viToolbar",200:"video",201:"videoblock",202:"welcomeBannerGames",203:"welcomesubscriber",204:"wellContent",205:"wirecutterLandingPage",206:"world-cup-2019",207:"xpnMobileCooking",208:"xpnMobileWirecutter",209:"your-list",210:"your-places-global-update",211:"your-space"}[e]||e)+"-"+{0:"d219039692ab55462dfb",1:"47822365b65b4f1d8d05",2:"5dcb734a7d903abdc2c5",3:"fe0e45e07f2b6d8f62b3",4:"a46b15b690850d4c4bec",5:"b545d4fc76bdc1d9468c",6:"c85a4bee2c08684414a5",7:"eacfd2b5329bd4ebc92f",8:"a0c6dd032d669c9f2564",9:"4e7e4469218011b49504",10:"27ed8d477e86da0a8fa0",11:"2cd45a448a749cf5f2fa",12:"12d1d6da311314f8a766",13:"36d956112179e7fffe43",14:"3545f97dc25220d7705c",15:"750dafd55fc6e759f239",16:"e9a9761a2ecf3e50adb3",17:"7f49f11dab060206a06a",18:"4c8ca6af796a191df941",19:"66a6fc1e6ab430172522",20:"ae0aa39d9379c1d58ee2",21:"ae0e67b552badcf6be5b",22:"d1ffb503b2d0f0e9494b",23:"775b6f79c1f4a1d2b893",24:"e422d27331df45ab1b7a",25:"3da65e046267008aa9f9",26:"bfa439d8b4d0ca561199",27:"a399dadba8921745daa6",28:"0b0e8d68fc5d51db387d",29:"5776546a844c24616ade",30:"b5569459f8464e8e3453",31:"46053312238edc061540",32:"0420561bd67d9209409e",33:"d0862160a7f843729dc9",34:"cb4115515edd39c84482",35:"4ae56d8255e49901f223",36:"af1d9e5b572ec95e54b9",37:"5a10e317d52d3b7838d3",38:"b4764d0211a6ad80f713",39:"e7e8015f51e85bd0de14",40:"83aa02c0d4c31bc64a51",41:"8de57d2c7f1fc331b2ce",42:"4ecc893f14204bdbf2ce",43:"800723ba756702e07977",44:"b6085f2e646a29e65aa7",45:"e6e8dda8cff330ea83c9",46:"3e7453780935f351725e",47:"bf643e33de3803b229a6",48:"14ffb21877060acab5d8",49:"78d79ed26b6e3c9a0ec0",50:"224a605e23945790adcd",51:"4e3fbd666fc2f627c6e2",52:"cc82b35f4da6b2be052b",53:"035e3a94f161a7f17f7f",54:"2b8e84dd4d0fc12016a8",55:"12595c095e58b1a5f5c7",56:"d078af178d9f3e688ed7",57:"67334add5394bd2bc1c9",58:"941aeedeb6628e54422b",59:"83ce31e97082cd560ad4",61:"9425394d387cfeb3607c",62:"ce6d6e0728746e33ba6b",63:"05db919635f236899166",64:"08700b6871d19c18643e",65:"1f1a5ed84936500f0b59",66:"df6f34e76408bbb7ec54",67:"85581a2181b27f261858",68:"b41b7f43d2955af08132",69:"9e96895511e6e447cb0a",70:"0346c8ce3978a2f71d9e",71:"45841bf3816c71515d37",72:"6a83c8a50852208b1fa5",73:"3d71b461ca605cb6c6bc",74:"1dfd2ce9e449b57b1b0a",75:"c718e6fff8333c59bcfb",76:"1510004e601c02c678ee",77:"b94f2d02e27f6b032048",78:"4b85838289976b20051e",79:"705c691a200728918871",80:"e5b2f2f2d73aaca4b963",81:"de4dd9102e924533c5f0",82:"3a4199850d6b84ecb245",83:"65e8ce09a6f8d511923e",84:"3677da2fd53dc97deb1a",85:"f7553751c476c0fb6e43",86:"3b3070a2efef7cfdaf11",87:"37a527dc0657663609f5",88:"15af18ea6605c93a6512",89:"685345ffd5ba40bd6769",90:"9343642aeae83011fed2",91:"47f7b08fd57dc13902b1",92:"b7f20c3c2631d0715a82",93:"155980ae0b792bd33110",94:"e6f7e04a61e3dc0422ba",95:"e6afeac8ec86e51be512",96:"fd6bf5380eb86adfd978",97:"cf2fed2c00c9ccf6bccc",98:"2e3447c46d7db38aba72",99:"2ef25a485bbc7e21f602",100:"46b12ab620ccc66fc5ea",101:"4b8559bdc796c1cb067c",102:"fd8ee22e9ee868c321a2",103:"106ba876e0725f8f89c2",104:"dd7df7aada9634c5f94b",105:"a24bf9e7f7428429f334",106:"6fbdd7246eec2a009813",107:"a6059e8c55970d421fc6",108:"9ed1f1bfee3aff731533",109:"3bc31b3d449fe1af789c",110:"4d824248c05ab0cb5cbf",111:"92eed74da36bddf07df3",112:"3edc100307f3510314a2",113:"ff85920c2a6707666868",114:"26966603bf80747f62c3",115:"5313c1f13f05ee1d9bb8",116:"562717c5275f88e25ef1",117:"73c67ccfc9048ca765b3",118:"d4e7578296212f141db1",119:"e1b4aca1df3f26f065f2",120:"c7b51bed50c58f0b42bc",122:"7154378e933540a80ead",123:"99016e6b1a4e78171c74",124:"4e56282e982c40f245a3",125:"f3f10543019a692666f4",126:"6bfe8c67bfdaf6a28eff",127:"5ee4a7cf6f30974de8c0",128:"8ea2ad3fdd9c921c2e91",130:"055d1262129143e51c38",131:"7c6420272b3e73b9dd49",132:"c1c1ae8dcdf9efc0daec",133:"6e9f1449772b37f4301b",134:"9e2b949a321a4cff9854",135:"efe055c381d99009f158",136:"76840afb997d6eb4a61d",137:"c4db2b60409eebc0a174",138:"35ee01bd3e5d78bb64a5",139:"8490b475a57235db7636",140:"1a5bab1e093e4d94092d",141:"c47dc79061ba31539cf9",142:"dfed5f431e0afe61a7de",143:"56999d0ccaccbc10bd5f",144:"bf0d28549df4704c0f91",145:"c3f56b102202e429a35c",146:"bc8125569a3746d72507",147:"553826e4dc62592254ae",148:"48423ea4848a4cd730ab",149:"d4880c29990415727cdf",150:"55bc9f2859831db9c0d4",151:"f2fcdb00741568a7d412",155:"683a2581489930e2ea88",156:"507066a5102c9dcc247b",157:"91a9bf360ee141828442",158:"947a9bf317a6d05fdd78",159:"cb364c8f7593532b8676",160:"68d87ae6266b5d44bec3",161:"cca4913ae3f08bcacb29",162:"b0b0c394eb58a6844e72",163:"1479c777557163bd826a",164:"43e47b37ad10e04b0b10",165:"29f4b4670fba4ba794bc",166:"7989f4c8681054e2fb33",167:"5cf68f6db2623ec33526",168:"e8cad9303225a68646f8",169:"3a4487867ee0636e2001",170:"088545b66b9ea9a46243",171:"f103b4f66d7507a4e900",172:"9561b312f62cde9257b3",174:"1a24234072b03c586095",175:"792f30d6ee846707efc4",176:"51bf7e5649ae551d2220",177:"c62e883e3d8f0a790e2f",178:"a9372ad50138806a7f64",179:"e7a8b586b75bd38bbfac",180:"bfbba3f628b87e0e175c",181:"091019c59f432a43e88f",182:"ab0a722f00470f491cef",183:"f60d24e12b70a65f0989",184:"0478b6afa4dd8e20180a",185:"96323f0593089c71c13f",186:"5088c5ac0508246653c2",187:"ecce2f407277a22f94aa",188:"484805055055739a2617",189:"4600da10cbe37b42d2c8",190:"976a26f765ff955a01cd",191:"67a2c00856dace71eedf",192:"9c69ec380b7da357585e",193:"c5b01e96d313ffbe0866",194:"0f3e2a7011fa886f09b5",195:"7a2bd510c6d82d41717e",196:"9cb8c198d9ac9fe76f3d",197:"236905e6d22e4234d62e",198:"ce284b5628db06c84cf6",199:"036ad156222f44c5f840",200:"c0e4d440217c3e30672c",201:"95b22f71a9e7858e9d32",202:"be4851309bf9a51e7067",203:"704331d747e45bdcacbc",204:"610be42c810cbd71a063",205:"c72b52ee474e02fe80b2",206:"a1482ba0e4515436e426",207:"60f4c1c9157fb2b47aae",208:"3614c220f56bf5287524",209:"7dd662f653897eede655",210:"27efef1f6046b32eaee4",211:"fa60ea09e0ea94af2566",212:"1376f2425506358537f1",213:"c1e468185acfdcadc982",214:"81e2c106c2d5fa7a7084",215:"3e26ef3cd5bc503704d9",216:"70a81b2411b3365031a4",217:"ea10cbead8c54242dfc3",218:"ebcf6be06516d1af3756",219:"bcffdaeb3853cfb51b89",220:"c1a219af58e2b8bdabe5",221:"68bb726381faa0054e03",222:"22f0008566bdfb05b664",223:"1ee6c595356e16e5b574",224:"c6fd6ac7f4827c603dcb",225:"a76478517e960096b306",226:"bef81c0cecabbb950620",227:"b2c7254ffa133bd088f6",228:"cc39c368b672537bc345",229:"d7e78410d5d810d13414",230:"c8557f9d1a736f677e4d"}[e]+".js"}(e);var t=new Error;o=function(a){s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(f);var d=n[e];if(0!==d){if(d){var c=a&&("load"===a.type?"missing":a.type),o=a&&a.target&&a.target.src;t.message="Loading chunk "+e+" failed.\n("+c+": "+o+")",t.name="ChunkLoadError",t.type=c,t.request=o,d[1](t)}n[e]=void 0}};var f=setTimeout((function(){o({type:"timeout",target:s})}),12e4);s.onerror=s.onload=o,document.head.appendChild(s)}return Promise.all(a)},r.m=e,r.c=c,r.d=function(e,a,d){r.o(e,a)||Object.defineProperty(e,a,{enumerable:!0,get:d})},r.r=function(e){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},r.t=function(e,a){if(1&a&&(e=r(e)),8&a)return e;if(4&a&&"object"==typeof e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var d=Object.create(null);if(r.r(d),Object.defineProperty(d,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:e}),2&a&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var c in e)r.d(d,c,function(a){return e[a]}.bind(null,c));return d},r.n=function(e){var a=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return r.d(a,"a",a),a},r.o=function(e,a){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,a)},r.p="/vi-assets/static-assets/",r.oe=function(e){throw console.error(e),e};var s=window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[],t=s.push.bind(s);s.push=a,s=s.slice();for(var f=0;f<s.length;f++)a(s[f]);var b=t;d()}([]); //# sourceMappingURL=runtime~main-a7824833f2780c491857.js.map</script> <script defer src="/vi-assets/static-assets/vendor-d219039692ab55462dfb.js"></script> <script defer src="/vi-assets/static-assets/story-cca4913ae3f08bcacb29.js"></script> <script defer src="/vi-assets/static-assets/main-827c47e38c8f3ef58150.js"></script> <script>(function () { var _f=function(){try{var e=["first-paint","first-contentful-paint","userBtnRender","appRenderTime"];new window.PerformanceObserver(function(r){for(var n=r.getEntries(),a=0;a<n.length;a+=1){var t=n[a];if(e.indexOf(t.name)>-1){var i={};i[t.name]=Math.round(t.duration||t.startTime),(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push({event:"performance",pageview:{performance:i}})}}}).observe({entryTypes:["mark","measure","paint"]})}catch(e){}};;_f.apply(null, []); })();(function () { var _f=function(){!function(){if(1===Math.floor(20*Math.random())&&(!window.BOOMR||!window.BOOMR.version&&!window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted)){window.BOOMR=window.BOOMR||{},window.BOOMR.snippetStart=(new Date).getTime(),window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0,window.BOOMR.snippetVersion=14,window.BOOMR.url="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/ATH8A-MAMN8-XPXCH-N5KAX-8D239";var e=(document.currentScript||document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]).parentNode,n=!1,t=document.createElement("link");t.relList&&"function"==typeof t.relList.supports&&t.relList.supports("preload")&&"as"in t?(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="p",t.href=window.BOOMR.url,t.rel="preload",t.as="script",t.addEventListener("load",function(){if(!n){var t=document.createElement("script");t.id="boomr-scr-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,t.async=!0,e.appendChild(t),n=!0}}),t.addEventListener("error",function(){o(!0)}),setTimeout(function(){n||o(!0)},3e3),BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),e.appendChild(t)):o(!1),window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("load",i,!1):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent("onload",i)}function o(t){n=!0;var o,i,d,a,r=document,s=window;if(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod=t?"if":"i",i=function(e,n){var t=r.createElement("script");t.id=n||"boomr-if-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),(e=e||r.body).appendChild(t)},!window.addEventListener&&window.attachEvent&&navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE [67]./))return window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="s",void i(e,"boomr-async");(d=document.createElement("IFRAME")).src="about:blank",d.title="",d.role="presentation",d.loading="eager",(a=(d.frameElement||d).style).width=0,a.height=0,a.border=0,a.display="none",e.appendChild(d);try{s=d.contentWindow,r=s.document.open()}catch(e){o=document.domain,d.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+o+"';void 0;",s=d.contentWindow,r=s.document.open()}o?(r._boomrl=function(){this.domain=o,i()},r.write("<body onload='document._boomrl();'>")):(s._boomrl=function(){i()},s.addEventListener?s.addEventListener("load",s._boomrl,!1):s.attachEvent&&s.attachEvent("onload",s._boomrl)),r.close()}function i(e){window.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}}()};;_f.apply(null, []); })();</script> <script> (function(){ if (document.cookie.indexOf('NYT-S') === -1) { var iframe = document.createElement('iframe'); iframe.height = 0; iframe.width = 0; iframe.style.display = 'none'; iframe.style.visibility = 'hidden'; iframe.src = 'https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/prefetch-assets'; document.body.appendChild(iframe); } })(); </script> <script> (function(w, l) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); })(window, 'dataLayer'); </script> <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-P528B3>m_auth=tfAzqo1rYDLgYhmTnSjPqw>m_preview=env-130>m_cookies_win=x"></script> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P528B3>m_auth=tfAzqo1rYDLgYhmTnSjPqw>m_preview=env-130>m_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- RELEASE 1aa71732e0f565e7bc112233016da48586b3ef21 --> </body> </html>