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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements majeurs</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements_majeurs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guerres_et_conflits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guerres_et_conflits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Guerres et conflits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guerres_et_conflits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seconde_Guerre_mondiale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Seconde Guerre mondiale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seconde_Guerre_mondiale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autres_Conflits_:_Les_guerres_civiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autres_Conflits_:_Les_guerres_civiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Autres Conflits : Les guerres civiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autres_Conflits_:_Les_guerres_civiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Géopolitique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Géopolitique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Géopolitique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Géopolitique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catastrophes_naturelles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catastrophes_naturelles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Catastrophes naturelles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catastrophes_naturelles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnalités_significatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnalités_significatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personnalités significatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnalités_significatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environnement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environnement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Environnement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environnement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Environnement</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environnement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Développement_des_polluants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Développement_des_polluants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Développement des polluants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Développement_des_polluants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_de_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_de_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Impact de la Seconde Guerre mondiale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_de_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inventions,_découvertes,_introductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inventions,_découvertes,_introductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Inventions, découvertes, introductions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inventions,_découvertes,_introductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_et_lettres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_et_lettres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts et lettres</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_et_lettres-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Arts et lettres</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_et_lettres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cinéma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinéma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cinéma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinéma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Littérature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Littérature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Littérature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Littérature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Années 1940</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 108 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1940" title="Anyos 1940 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1940" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1940" title="عقد 1940 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1940" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1940" title="عوام 1940 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1940" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1940" title="عقد 1940 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1940" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1940" title="Década de 1940 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década de 1940" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-c%C4%B1_ill%C9%99r" title="1940-cı illər – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1940-cı illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%8F" title="1940-я – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1940-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%8F" title="1940-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1940-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1940-те – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1940-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1940" title="Bloavezhioù 1940 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1940" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-e" title="1940-e – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1940-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1940" title="Dècada del 1940 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1940" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1940 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1940 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A4%D9%A0" title="دەیەی ١٩٤٠ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەیەی ١٩٤٠" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E2%80%931949" title="1940–1949 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1940–1949" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1940-мĕш çулсем – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1940-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940au" title="1940au – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1940au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%27erne" title="1940'erne – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1940'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940er" title="1940er – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1940er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_1940" title="Δεκαετία 1940 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεκαετία 1940" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1940" title="An 1940 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1940" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s" title="1940s – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1940s" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-aj_jaroj" title="1940-aj jaroj – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1940-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1940" title="Años 1940 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1940" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940._aastad" title="1940. aastad – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1940. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940ko_hamarkada" title="1940ko hamarkada – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1940ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۹۴۰ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۹۴۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-luku" title="1940-luku – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1940-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%C3%A1rini" title="1940-árini – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1940-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1940" title="Ans 1940 – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1940" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-er_jierren" title="1940-er jierren – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1940-er jierren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940id%C3%AD" title="1940idí – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1940idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1940年代 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1940年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940an" title="1940an – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1940an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1940" title="Década de 1940 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1940" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_ngi%C3%A8n-thoi" title="1940 ngièn-thoi – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1940 ngièn-thoi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-20" title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-20 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-20" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s" title="1940s – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1940s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-ih" title="1940-ih – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1940-ih" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1940-es évek – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1940-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annos_1940" title="Annos 1940 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Annos 1940" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="1940-гӀа шераш – ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1940-гӀа шераш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1940a" title="Yari 1940a – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1940a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941-1950" title="1941-1950 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1941-1950" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1940" title="Anni 1940 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1940" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1940年代 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1940年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1940-იანები – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1940-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%8D_%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A9%E1%9F%A4%E1%9F%A0" title="ទសវត្សរ៍ ១៩៤០ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទសវត្សរ៍ ១៩៤០" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1940년대 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1940년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1940-ӧд вояс – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1940-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1940" title="Anni 1940 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1940" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1940" title="Anni 1940 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1940" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94_1940" title="ທົດສະວັດ 1940 – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທົດສະວັດ 1940" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_am%C5%BEiaus_5-asis_de%C5%A1imtmetis" title="XX amžiaus 5-asis dešimtmetis – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XX amžiaus 5-asis dešimtmetis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940._gadi" title="1940. gadi – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1940. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="1940 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1940 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1940-ти – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1940-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १९४० चे दशक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १९४० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1940 це иеть – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1940 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiuhmolpilli_1940" title="Xiuhmolpilli 1940 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xiuhmolpilli 1940" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-1949" title="1940-1949 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1940-1949" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%C3%A5ra" title="1940-åra – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1940-åra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%C3%A5rene" title="1940-årene – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1940-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1940" title="Annaées 1940 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1940" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s" title="1940s – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1940s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1940" title="Ans 1940 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ans 1940" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-lugu_vuvvet" title="1940-lugu vuvvet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1940-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1940-тæ – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1940-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1940 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1940 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_40._XX_wieku" title="Lata 40. XX wieku – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 40. XX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1940" title="Década de 1940 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1940" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_watakuna" title="1940 watakuna – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1940 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1940" title="Anii 1940 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1940" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1940-е годы – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1940-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%81" title="1940-с – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1940-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940ini" title="1940ini – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1940ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-lohku" title="1940-lohku – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1940-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-e" title="1940-e – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1940-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="1940 දශකය – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1940 දශකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s" title="1940s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1940s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/40._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia" title="40. roky 20. storočia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="40. roky 20. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940." title="1940. – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1940." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1940" title="Vitet 1940 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1940" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B5" title="1940-е – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1940-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-talet" title="1940-talet – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1940-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1940" title="Miaka ya 1940 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1940" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1940கள் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1940கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1940_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1940 (мелодӣ) – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1940 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1940" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1940 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1940" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1940ýý – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1940ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%27lar" title="1940'lar – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1940'lar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1940-еллар – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1940-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B2%D1%96" title="1940-ві – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1940-ві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1940ء کی دہائی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1940ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-lar" title="1940-lar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1940-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1940" title="Thập niên 1940 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1940" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1940" title="Anêyes 1940 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1940" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_nga_dekada" title="1940 nga dekada – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1940 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1940ער – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1940ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1940年代 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1940年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1940 nî-tāi – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1940 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus.</figcaption></figure><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/45px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/68px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/90px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-09" data-sort-value="2010-09">septembre 2010</time>).</small> </p><p>Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les <b>références utiles à sa <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V%C3%A9rifiabilit%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Vérifiabilité">vérifiabilité</a></b> et en les liant à la section « <a href="/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence" title="Aide:Insérer une référence">Notes et références</a> ». </p><p><b>En pratique :</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources#Qualité_des_sources" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">Quelles sources sont attendues ?</a> <a href="/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_(%C3%89diteur_visuel)" title="Aide:Insérer une référence (Éditeur visuel)">Comment ajouter mes sources ?</a> </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:1940s_decade_montage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image 1940s decade montage.png." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1940s_decade_montage.png/220px-1940s_decade_montage.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1940s_decade_montage.png/330px-1940s_decade_montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1940s_decade_montage.png/440px-1940s_decade_montage.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1910" title="Années 1910">1910</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1920" title="Années 1920">1920</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1930" title="Années 1930">1930</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1940</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1950" title="Années 1950">1950</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1960" title="Années 1960">1960</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1970" title="Années 1970">1970</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIIe siècle">XVIII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle">XIX<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXe siècle">XX<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XXIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXIe siècle">XXI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XXIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXIIe siècle">XXII<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>Les <b>années 1940</b> couvrent la période de <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> à <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>. Ces années furent très fortement marquées par la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a> avec le <a href="/wiki/Pertes_humaines_pendant_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Pertes humaines pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale">bilan le plus lourd de l'histoire de l'humanité</a>, estimé entre 50 et 80 millions de morts, dont près de 50 millions de civils. L'ampleur des crimes suscita la définition des <a href="/wiki/Crime_contre_l%27humanit%C3%A9" title="Crime contre l'humanité">crimes contre l'humanité</a> et <a href="/wiki/Crime_de_guerre" title="Crime de guerre">crime de guerre</a>, ainsi que les premiers procès pour <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nocide" title="Génocide">génocide</a>. Pour la première fois, la <a href="/wiki/Bombe_atomique" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombe atomique">bombe atomique</a> fut utilisée contre un pays (le <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>) en 1945. L'<a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> fut divisée entre l'Ouest et l'<a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques</a> (URSS). </p><p>Le processus de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9colonisation" title="Décolonisation">décolonisation</a> s’accéléra après-guerre, et les <a href="/wiki/Trente_Glorieuses" title="Trente Glorieuses">Trente Glorieuses</a> démarrèrent en 1945 dans les <a href="/wiki/Pays_d%C3%A9velopp%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Pays développés">pays développés</a>. </p><p>Le développement de nouvelles technologies débuta (dont l'<a href="/wiki/Ordinateur" title="Ordinateur">ordinateur</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Énergie nucléaire">énergie nucléaire</a>), souvent d'abord en lien avec l'<a href="/wiki/Effort_de_guerre" title="Effort de guerre">effort de guerre</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements_majeurs"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements_majeurs"></span>Événements majeurs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements majeurs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements majeurs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guerres_et_conflits">Guerres et conflits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Guerres et conflits" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Guerres et conflits"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seconde_Guerre_mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Seconde Guerre mondiale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Seconde Guerre mondiale"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:WW2_Holocaust_Europe_map-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/WW2_Holocaust_Europe_map-fr.svg/220px-WW2_Holocaust_Europe_map-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/WW2_Holocaust_Europe_map-fr.svg/330px-WW2_Holocaust_Europe_map-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/WW2_Holocaust_Europe_map-fr.svg/440px-WW2_Holocaust_Europe_map-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1310" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>L'Europe du génocide.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg/220px-Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg/330px-Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg/440px-Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4918" data-file-height="2918" /></a><figcaption>Images des champignons atomiques à Hiroshima (à gauche) et Nagasaki (à droite).</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a> continue durant la première moitié de la décennie et s'achève le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-09-02" data-sort-value="1945-09-02">2 septembre 1945</time>. Les <a href="/wiki/Pertes_humaines_pendant_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Pertes humaines pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale">pertes humaines</a> et dégâts matériels sont considérables. </p> <ul><li>La <a href="/wiki/Shoah" title="Shoah">Shoah</a>, premier génocide industrialisé de l'Histoire, se poursuit et s'intensifie jusqu'à la libération progressive des territoires. Les Juifs ont été victimes d'enfermement dans des <a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">ghettos</a>, de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9portation" title="Déportation">déportation</a> dans des <a href="/wiki/Camps_de_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Camps de concentration">camps de concentration</a>, et ont été affamés, contraints au <a href="/wiki/Travail_forc%C3%A9_sous_domination_nazie_pendant_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Travail forcé sous domination nazie pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale">travail forcé</a> ; et gazés notamment dans des <a href="/wiki/Camps_d%27extermination" class="mw-redirect" title="Camps d'extermination">camps d'extermination</a> ou encore fusillés... Le bilan final est de cinq à six millions de Juifs exterminés.</li> <li>L'URSS entre en guerre en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1941-06" data-sort-value="1941-06">juin 1941</time>, puis les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1941-12" data-sort-value="1941-12">décembre 1941</time> à la suite de l'attaque du Japon à <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Guerre_sino-japonaise_(1937-1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerre sino-japonaise (1937-1945)">guerre sino-japonaise (1937-1945)</a> s'étend alors en <a href="/wiki/Guerre_du_Pacifique" title="Guerre du Pacifique">guerre du Pacifique</a>. Les pertes sur le front de l'Est et en Asie, ainsi que les <a href="/wiki/Crimes_de_guerre_du_Japon_Sh%C5%8Dwa" title="Crimes de guerre du Japon Shōwa">crimes de guerre du Japon Shōwa</a> se comptent en dizaines de millions de morts.</li> <li>L'Europe envahie par l'<a href="/wiki/Allemagne_nazie" class="mw-redirect" title="Allemagne nazie">Allemagne nazie</a> est progressivement libérée à partir de 1944 à la suite d'intenses <a href="/wiki/Bombardement_a%C3%A9rien" title="Bombardement aérien">bombardements aériens</a> et du <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9barquement_de_Normandie" title="Débarquement de Normandie">débarquement de Normandie</a>. Des <a href="/wiki/Crimes_de_guerre_des_Alli%C3%A9s" title="Crimes de guerre des Alliés">crimes de guerre des Alliés</a> sont également commis.</li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_de_Yalta" title="Conférence de Yalta">Conférence de Yalta</a> se déroule du 4 au <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-02-11" data-sort-value="1945-02-11">11 février 1945</time> avec <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staline" class="mw-redirect" title="Staline">Staline</a> et <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a><sup id="cite_ref-courrier_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courrier-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le Troisième Reich capitule le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-05-08" data-sort-value="1945-05-08">8 mai 1945</time> et la <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_de_Potsdam" title="Conférence de Potsdam">Conférence de Potsdam</a> du <time class="nowrap" datetime="07-17" data-sort-value="07-17">17 juillet</time> au <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-08-02" data-sort-value="1945-08-02">2 août 1945</time> acte l'occupation de l'Allemagne. La capitulation du Japon a lieu le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-09-02" data-sort-value="1945-09-02">2 septembre 1945</time> après des mois d'intenses bombardements aériens et l'envoi de deux <a href="/wiki/Bombe_atomique" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombe atomique">bombes atomiques</a> sur <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>.</li></ul> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Guerre_d%27Indochine" title="Guerre d'Indochine">guerre d'Indochine</a> démarre en 1946 et oppose Français et Indochinois indépendantistes. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Conflit_isra%C3%A9lo-arabe" title="Conflit israélo-arabe">Conflit israélo-arabe</a> démarre en 1948. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Autres_Conflits_:_Les_guerres_civiles">Autres Conflits : Les guerres civiles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Autres Conflits : Les guerres civiles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Autres Conflits : Les guerres civiles"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Guerre_civile_chinoise" title="Guerre civile chinoise">Guerre civile chinoise</a> reprend en 1946 pour s'achever en 1949, le bilan étant d'environ 5 à 6 millions de victimes. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Guerre_civile_grecque" title="Guerre civile grecque">Guerre civile grecque</a> fit plus de 150 000 victimes de 1946 à 1949. </p><p>La Guerre civile <a href="/wiki/Violencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Violencia">Violencia</a> débute en <a href="/wiki/Colombie" title="Colombie">Colombie</a>, entre libéraux et conservateurs après l'assassinat du leader <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Eli%C3%A9cer_Gait%C3%A1n" title="Jorge Eliécer Gaitán">Jorge Eliécer Gaitán</a> en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1948-04" data-sort-value="1948-04">avril 1948</time>. Elle fit plus de 300 000 morts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Géopolitique"><span id="G.C3.A9opolitique"></span>Géopolitique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Géopolitique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Géopolitique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies" title="Organisation des Nations unies">Organisation des Nations unies</a> (ONU) est créée en 1945 et le <a href="/wiki/Fonds_mon%C3%A9taire_international" title="Fonds monétaire international">Fonds monétaire international</a> (FMI) en 1944. Le <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_l%27Atlantique_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Traité de l'Atlantique Nord">Traité de l'Atlantique Nord</a> (OTAN) est fondé le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-04-04" data-sort-value="1949-04-04">4 avril 1949</time>. Il regroupe alors 10 pays occidentaux<sup id="cite_ref-courrier_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courrier-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Quatre <a href="/wiki/Conventions_de_Gen%C3%A8ve_de_1949" class="mw-redirect" title="Conventions de Genève de 1949">Conventions de Genève de 1949</a> viennent compléter la première de 1864. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_Truman" title="Doctrine Truman">Doctrine Truman</a> contre <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_Jdanov" title="Doctrine Jdanov">doctrine Jdanov</a></li> <li>Le <a href="/wiki/Plan_Marshall" title="Plan Marshall">Plan Marshall</a>, programme américain d'aide à la reconstruction après la Guerre, est mis en place.</li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Guerre_froide" title="Guerre froide">guerre froide</a> débute (<a href="/wiki/Coup_de_Prague" title="Coup de Prague">coup de Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blocus_de_Berlin" title="Blocus de Berlin">blocus de Berlin</a>).</li></ul> <p>L'État d’<a href="/wiki/Isra%C3%ABl" title="Israël">Israël</a> est créé. En <a href="/wiki/Afrique_du_sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrique du sud">Afrique du sud</a>, le parti national accède au pouvoir en 1948, et des lois racistes sont mises en place. </p><p>Le processus de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9colonisation" title="Décolonisation">décolonisation</a> s’accélère après-guerre, avec l'<a href="/wiki/Partition_des_Indes" title="Partition des Indes">indépendance de l'Inde</a>, du Pakistan, de <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Ceylan</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Birmanie" title="Birmanie">Birmanie</a>, des Philippines et de l'Indonésie. La <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">république populaire de Chine</a> est créée. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catastrophes_naturelles">Catastrophes naturelles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Catastrophes naturelles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Catastrophes naturelles"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-10-16" data-sort-value="1942-10-16">16 octobre 1942</time>, un cyclone (qualifié de super-cyclone) toucha le <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a>. Il concerna notamment la province de l'Orissa (Inde) et fit environ 40 000 victimes<sup id="cite_ref-docfr_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-docfr-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1948-10-05" data-sort-value="1948-10-05">5 octobre 1948</time>, au <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> (Achgabat), un séisme fit près de 20 000 victimes<sup id="cite_ref-docfr_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-docfr-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnalités_significatives"><span id="Personnalit.C3.A9s_significatives"></span>Personnalités significatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Personnalités significatives" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Personnalités significatives"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-width:20em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Patton" title="George Patton">George Patton</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall_(g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral)" title="George Marshall (général)">George Marshall</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni"><img alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni"><img alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni"><img alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni"><img alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Free_France_(bright_variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la France libre"><img alt="Drapeau de la France libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Free_France_(bright_variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la France libre"><img alt="Drapeau de la France libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque" title="Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque">Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Free_France_(bright_variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la France libre"><img alt="Drapeau de la France libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Koenig" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Koenig">Pierre Koenig</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Free_France_(bright_variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la France libre"><img alt="Drapeau de la France libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Free_France_%28bright_variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Lattre_de_Tassigny" title="Jean de Lattre de Tassigny">Jean de Lattre de Tassigny</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de Taïwan"><img alt="Drapeau de Taïwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tchang_Ka%C3%AF-chek" title="Tchang Kaï-chek">Tchang Kaï-chek</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Manstein" title="Erich von Manstein">Erich von Manstein</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Guderian" title="Heinz Guderian">Heinz Guderian</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne nazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume d'Italie"><img alt="Drapeau du Royaume d'Italie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la France"><img alt="Drapeau de la France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la France"><img alt="Drapeau de la France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Empire du Japon"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Empire du Japon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hideki_T%C5%8Dj%C5%8D" title="Hideki Tōjō">Hideki Tōjō</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1936_%E2%80%93_1955).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'URSS"><img alt="Drapeau de l'URSS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Staline" title="Joseph Staline">Joseph Staline</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1936_%E2%80%93_1955).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'URSS"><img alt="Drapeau de l'URSS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lavrenti_Beria" title="Lavrenti Beria">Lavrenti Beria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1936_%E2%80%93_1955).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'URSS"><img alt="Drapeau de l'URSS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Viatcheslav_Molotov" title="Viatcheslav Molotov">Viatcheslav Molotov</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1936_%E2%80%93_1955).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'URSS"><img alt="Drapeau de l'URSS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gueorgui_Joukov" title="Gueorgui Joukov">Gueorgui Joukov</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1936_%E2%80%93_1955).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'URSS"><img alt="Drapeau de l'URSS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andre%C3%AF_Jdanov" title="Andreï Jdanov">Andreï Jdanov</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine"><img alt="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Corée du Nord"><img alt="Drapeau de la Corée du Nord" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il-sung" title="Kim Il-sung">Kim Il-sung</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1946-1992).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la République fédérative socialiste de Yougoslavie"><img alt="Drapeau de la République fédérative socialiste de Yougoslavie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Inde"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Inde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau d’Israël"><img alt="Drapeau d’Israël" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/20px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/40px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/David_Ben_Gourion" title="David Ben Gourion">David Ben Gourion</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Argentina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Argentine"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Argentine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Argentina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Argentine"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Argentine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eva_Per%C3%B3n" title="Eva Perón">Eva Perón</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2001%E2%80%932023).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Vatican"><img alt="Drapeau du Vatican" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/18px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/27px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pie_XII" title="Pie XII">Pie XII</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environnement">Environnement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Environnement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Environnement"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Développement_des_polluants"><span id="D.C3.A9veloppement_des_polluants"></span>Développement des polluants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Développement des polluants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Développement des polluants"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’emploi des <a href="/wiki/Insecticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Insecticides">insecticides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fongicides" class="mw-redirect" title="Fongicides">fongicides</a>, organochlorés, et du <a href="/wiki/Dichlorodiph%C3%A9nyltrichloro%C3%A9thane" title="Dichlorodiphényltrichloroéthane">DDT</a> se développent<sup id="cite_ref-nicolson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nicolson-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, provoquant d'importantes pollutions (air, sol, cours d'eau...). </p><p>L'usage de la voiture individuelle augmente, polluant l'air. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_de_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale">Impact de la Seconde Guerre mondiale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Impact de la Seconde Guerre mondiale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Impact de la Seconde Guerre mondiale"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De nombreuses villes ont été détruites durant la guerre en Europe et au Japon, engendrant des pertes humaines, animales, végétales et matérielles colossales. Les destructions engendrent une pollution par la poussière, et une consommation importante de ressources pour la reconstruction (béton, sable, etc.). </p><p>Une pollution radioactive a également découlé de l'usage des bombes atomiques. </p><p>Les terres et les mers ont été également polluées par l'armement, le <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9minage" title="Déminage">déminage</a> se poursuivant en Europe encore 75 ans après la guerre, et des épaves de sous-marins restant au fond de l'eau. Un sous-marin allemand, qui transportait 65 tonnes de mercure, a ainsi coulé en Norvège en 1945. Un sarcophage est en projet pour contenir la pollution au mercure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inventions,_découvertes,_introductions"><span id="Inventions.2C_d.C3.A9couvertes.2C_introductions"></span>Inventions, découvertes, introductions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Inventions, découvertes, introductions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Inventions, découvertes, introductions"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moteur_%C3%A0_r%C3%A9action" title="Moteur à réaction">Moteur à réaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fission_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Fission nucléaire">Fission atomique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombe_A" title="Bombe A">Bombe A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinateur" title="Ordinateur">Ordinateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moteur-fus%C3%A9e" title="Moteur-fusée">Moteur-fusée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A9e_(astronautique)" title="Fusée (astronautique)">fusée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_synth%C3%A9tique_de_l%27%C3%A9volution" title="Théorie synthétique de l'évolution">Théorie synthétique de l'évolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkie-walkie" title="Talkie-walkie">Talkie-Walkie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_et_lettres">Arts et lettres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Arts et lettres" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Arts et lettres"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beaucoup de médias (radio, journaux, cinéma, livres) furent durant la guerre des armes de <a href="/wiki/Propagande" title="Propagande">propagande</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinéma"><span id="Cin.C3.A9ma"></span>Cinéma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Cinéma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Cinéma"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_films_fran%C3%A7ais_sortis_dans_les_ann%C3%A9es_1940" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des films français sortis dans les années 1940">Liste des films français sortis dans les années 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Cinéma américain">Cinéma américain</a>,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Littérature"><span id="Litt.C3.A9rature"></span>Littérature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Littérature" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Littérature"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89tranger" title="L'Étranger">L'Étranger</a></i> d'<a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> en 1942</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Prince" title="Le Petit Prince">Le Petit Prince</a></i> d'<a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a> en 1943</li> <li>Le <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_d%27Anne_Frank" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal d'Anne Frank">Journal d'Anne Frank</a></i> d'<a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a>, écrit de 1942 à 1944, est publié en 1947. D'autres témoignages majeurs des camps ont été connus plus tard du grand public : par exemple <i><a href="/wiki/Si_c%27est_un_homme" title="Si c'est un homme">Si c'est un homme</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Primo_Levi" title="Primo Levi">Primo Levi</a>, paru en 1947, ne sera remarqué que dans les années 1960. Le journal et les lettres d'<a href="/wiki/Etty_Hillesum" title="Etty Hillesum">Etty Hillesum</a>, écrits de 1941 à 1943, ne furent publiés que dans les années 1980.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1984_(roman)" title="1984 (roman)">1984</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> en 1949</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Ferme_des_animaux" title="La Ferme des animaux">La Ferme des animaux</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> en 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Science_Fiction" title="Asimov's Science Fiction">Le cycle de Fondation</a> de <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> en 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_deuxi%C3%A8me_sexe" class="mw-redirect" title="Le deuxième sexe">Le deuxième sexe</a> de <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a> en 1949</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-courrier-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-courrier_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-courrier_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mletchine2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Leonid_Mletchine2015"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Mletchine" title="Leonid Mletchine">Leonid Mletchine</a>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Un soir d'hiver en Crimée</cite> », <i>Le Courrier international (Ogoniok)</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1268,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015">du 19 au 25 février 2015</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Un+soir+d%27hiver+en+Crim%C3%A9e&rft.jtitle=Le+Courrier+international+%28Ogoniok%29&rft.issue=1268&rft.aulast=Mletchine&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rft.date=2015-02-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1940"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-docfr-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-docfr_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-docfr_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="documentation_Française2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="La_documentation_Française2005">La documentation Française, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/catastrophes-naturelles/chronologie.shtml"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Catastrophes naturelles et prévention des risques - Chronologie [à partir de 1902].</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">ladocumentationfrancaise.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-01-21" data-sort-value="2005-01-21">21 janvier 2005</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-07" data-sort-value="2013-10-07">7 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nicolson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-nicolson_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicolson2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adam_Nicolson2019">Adam Nicolson, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Le grand retour des loutres dans les rivières anglaises</cite> », <i>National Geographic</i>,‎ <time>2019</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.fr/animaux/le-grand-retour-des-loutres-dans-les-rivieres-anglaises">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-02-16" data-sort-value="2019-02-16">16 février 2019</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+grand+retour+des+loutres+dans+les+rivi%C3%A8res+anglaises&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.aulast=Nicolson&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1940"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1940s?uselang=fr">Années 1940</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1940&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_mode_sous_l%27occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="La mode sous l'occupation">La mode sous l'occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cennie_1940_en_arts_plastiques" title="Décennie 1940 en arts plastiques">Décennie 1940 en arts plastiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1940._Chronologie_des_faits_%C3%A9conomiques_et_sociaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Années 1940. Chronologie des faits économiques et sociaux">Années 1940. Chronologie des faits économiques et sociaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Guerin" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée de Guerin">Musée de Guerin</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1940" title="Portail des années 1940"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Letni_pod_vodou_%28underwater_summer_photo%29.jpg/41px-Letni_pod_vodou_%28underwater_summer_photo%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="41" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Letni_pod_vodou_%28underwater_summer_photo%29.jpg/62px-Letni_pod_vodou_%28underwater_summer_photo%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Letni_pod_vodou_%28underwater_summer_photo%29.jpg/83px-Letni_pod_vodou_%28underwater_summer_photo%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2330" data-file-height="1361" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1940" title="Portail:Années 1940">Portail des années 1940</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail du XXe siècle"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg/22px-Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg/33px-Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg/44px-Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="535" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail:XXe siècle">Portail du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail du monde contemporain"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/27px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/36px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail:Époque contemporaine">Portail du monde contemporain</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Portail de la Seconde Guerre mondiale"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg/28px-Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg/43px-Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg/57px-Heinkel_He_111_during_the_Battle_of_Britain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="676" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Portail:Seconde Guerre mondiale">Portail de la Seconde Guerre mondiale</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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