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Division</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_Division" title="Auxiliary Division – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Auxiliary Division" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EA%B2%BD%EC%B0%B0%EB%8C%80_%EB%B3%B4%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC%EB%8B%A8" title="왕립 아일랜드 경찰대 보조사단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="왕립 아일랜드 경찰대 보조사단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divis%C3%A3o_auxiliar" title="Divisão auxiliar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Divisão auxiliar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Auxiliary Division</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auxiliaries_Cap_badge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Auxiliaries_Cap_badge.png/150px-Auxiliaries_Cap_badge.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Auxiliaries_Cap_badge.png/225px-Auxiliaries_Cap_badge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Auxiliaries_Cap_badge.png/300px-Auxiliaries_Cap_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="933" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Badge of the Auxiliary Division (F Company)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1920 – April 1922</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">Paramilitary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">Counter-insurgency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">2,264 <sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes_jan_2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes_jan_2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary" title="Royal Irish Constabulary">Royal Irish Constabulary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilmichael_Ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilmichael Ambush">Kilmichael Ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumcondra_ambush" title="Drumcondra ambush">Drumcondra ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonfin_Ambush" title="Clonfin Ambush">Clonfin Ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolavokig_ambush" title="Coolavokig ambush">Coolavokig ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbarry_Ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbarry Ambush">Crossbarry Ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Custom_House" title="Burning of the Custom House">Burning of the Custom House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathcoole_ambush" title="Rathcoole ambush">Rathcoole ambush</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Percy_Crozier" title="Frank Percy Crozier">Frank Percy Crozier</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary</b> (<b>ADRIC</b>), generally known as the <b>Auxiliaries</b> or <b>Auxies</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> unit of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary" title="Royal Irish Constabulary">Royal Irish Constabulary</a> (RIC) during the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a>. It was founded in July 1920 by Major-General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hugh_Tudor" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hugh Tudor">Henry Hugh Tudor</a> and made up of former <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> officers, most of whom came from <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and had fought in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Almost 2,300 served in the unit during the conflict. Its role was to conduct <a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">counter-insurgency</a> operations against the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Irish Republican Army</a> (IRA), acting mainly as a mobile striking and raiding force. It operated semi-independently of the RIC and was mainly deployed to southern and western regions where fighting was heaviest. </p><p>The Auxiliaries became infamous for <a href="/wiki/Reprisal" title="Reprisal">reprisal</a> attacks on civilians and civilian property in revenge for IRA actions, including <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extrajudicial killings</a> and arson; most notably the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Cork" title="Burning of Cork">burning of Cork city</a> in December 1920. </p><p>The Auxiliaries were distinct from the so-called <a href="/wiki/Black_and_Tans" title="Black and Tans">Black and Tans</a>. These were also former British soldiers who were recruited into the RIC, but served as regular constables. Both groups wore a mixed uniform of British Army <a href="/wiki/Khaki" title="Khaki">khaki</a> and RIC dark green, although the Auxiliaries had their own insignia and typically wore <a href="/wiki/Balmoral_bonnet" title="Balmoral bonnet">Balmoral caps</a>. The Auxiliaries and the RIC as a whole were disbanded in early 1922, following the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recruitment_and_organisation">Recruitment and organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Recruitment and organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1919, the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Ireland" title="Commander-in-Chief, Ireland">Commander-in-Chief, Ireland</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Shaw_(British_Army_officer)" title="Frederick Shaw (British Army officer)">Frederick Shaw</a> suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary#The_Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Royal Irish Constabulary">police force in Ireland</a> be expanded via the recruitment of a special force of volunteer British ex-servicemen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETownshend197530_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETownshend197530-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a Cabinet meeting on 11 May 1920, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, suggested the formation of a "Special Emergency Gendarmerie, which would become a branch of the Royal Irish Constabulary".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson201131_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson201131-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Churchill's proposal was referred to a committee chaired by General Sir <a href="/wiki/Nevil_Macready" title="Nevil Macready">Nevil Macready</a>, Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in Ireland. Macready's committee rejected Churchill's proposal, but it was revived two months later, in July, by the Police Adviser to the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle_administration_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Castle administration in Ireland">Dublin Castle administration in Ireland</a>, Major-General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hugh_Tudor" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hugh Tudor">H H Tudor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson201132_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson201132-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a memo dated 6 July 1920, Tudor justified the scheme on the grounds that it would take too long to reinforce the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary" title="Royal Irish Constabulary">Royal Irish Constabulary</a> (RIC) with ordinary recruits. Tudor's new "Auxiliary Force" would be strictly temporary: its members would enlist for a year: their pay would be £7 per week (twice what a constable was paid), plus a sergeant's allowances, and would be known as "Temporary Cadets". At that time, one of high unemployment, a London advertisement for ex-officers to manage coffee stalls at two pounds ten shillings a week received five thousand applicants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett199577_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett199577-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ADRIC was recruited in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> from among ex-officers who had served in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, especially those who had served in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a>). Most recruits were from Britain, although some were from <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, and others came from other parts of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. Many had been highly decorated in the war and three, <a href="/wiki/James_Leach_(VC)" title="James Leach (VC)">James Leach</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Bulmer_Johnson" title="James Bulmer Johnson">James Johnson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Onions" title="George Onions">George Onions</a>, had been awarded the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey1992665_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey1992665-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their decorations make it clear that many had been promoted from the ranks: some men, for example, had been awarded the common soldier's <a href="/wiki/Military_Medal" title="Military Medal">Military Medal</a> instead of (or in addition to) the officer's <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a>. Enlisted men who had been commissioned as officers during the war often found it difficult to adjust to their loss of status and pay in civilian life, and some historians have concluded that the Auxiliary Division recruited large numbers of these "<a href="/wiki/Temporary_gentlemen" title="Temporary gentlemen">temporary gentlemen</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson2011112_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson2011112-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Piaras_Beasla%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Piaras Beaslaí">Piaras Beaslaí</a>, a former senior member of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">IRA</a> who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty, while paying tribute to the bravery of the Auxiliaries, noted that the force was not composed exclusively of ex-officers but contained "criminal elements", some of whom robbed people (including a number of Unionists) on the streets of Dublin and in their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outside_the_London_and_North_Western_Hotel_in_Dublin,_April_21,_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Outside_the_London_and_North_Western_Hotel_in_Dublin%2C_April_21%2C_1921.jpg/250px-Outside_the_London_and_North_Western_Hotel_in_Dublin%2C_April_21%2C_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Outside_the_London_and_North_Western_Hotel_in_Dublin%2C_April_21%2C_1921.jpg/375px-Outside_the_London_and_North_Western_Hotel_in_Dublin%2C_April_21%2C_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Outside_the_London_and_North_Western_Hotel_in_Dublin%2C_April_21%2C_1921.jpg/500px-Outside_the_London_and_North_Western_Hotel_in_Dublin%2C_April_21%2C_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1294" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>A group of Auxiliaries and "Black and Tans" in Dublin, April 1921</figcaption></figure> <p>Recruiting began in July 1920, and by November 1921, the division was 1,900 strong. The Auxiliaries were nominally part of the RIC, but actually operated more or less independently in rural areas. Divided into <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a> (eventually fifteen of them), each about one hundred strong, heavily armed and highly mobile, they operated in ten counties, mostly in the south and west, where <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> (IRA) activity was greatest. They wore either RIC uniforms or their old army uniforms with appropriate police badges, along with distinctive <a href="/wiki/Tam_o%27_Shanter_(cap)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam o' Shanter (cap)">Tam o' Shanter</a> caps. They were commanded by Brigadier-General <a href="/wiki/Frank_Percy_Crozier" title="Frank Percy Crozier">Frank Percy Crozier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKostal2007119_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKostal2007119-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Counterinsurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The elite ex-officer division proved to be much more effective than the <a href="/wiki/Black_and_Tans" title="Black and Tans">Black and Tans</a> especially in the key area of gathering intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1976_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1976-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auxiliary companies were intended as mobile striking and raiding forces, and they scored some notable successes against the IRA. On 20 November, the night before <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1920)" title="Bloody Sunday (1920)">Bloody Sunday</a>, they captured <a href="/wiki/Dick_McKee" title="Dick McKee">Dick McKee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peadar_Clancy" title="Peadar Clancy">Peadar Clancy</a>, the commandant and vice-commandant of the IRA's <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> Brigade, and murdered them in Dublin Castle. That same night, they caught <a href="/wiki/William_Pilkington_(IRA)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Pilkington (IRA)">William Pilkington</a>, commandant of the Sligo IRA, in a separate raid. A month later, in December, they caught <a href="/wiki/Ernie_O%27Malley" title="Ernie O'Malley">Ernie O'Malley</a> completely by surprise in <a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">County Kilkenny</a>: the IRA officer was reading in his room when a Temporary Cadet opened the door and walked in; "He was as unexpected as death," said O'Malley.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson201136_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson201136-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his memoirs, the commandant of the Clare IRA, Michael Brennan, describes how the Auxiliaries nearly captured him three nights in a row. </p><p>IRA commanders became concerned about the morale of their units as to many Volunteers the Auxiliaries seemed to be 'super fighters and all but invincible'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarry1956_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarry1956-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those victories which were won over the Auxiliaries are among the most celebrated in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a>. On 28 November 1920, for example, a platoon of Auxiliaries was ambushed and wiped out in the <a href="/wiki/Kilmichael_Ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilmichael Ambush">Kilmichael Ambush</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Barry_(soldier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Barry (soldier)">Tom Barry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Cork_Brigade" title="3rd Cork Brigade">3rd Cork Brigade</a>. A little more than two months later, on 2 February 1921, another platoon of Auxiliaries was ambushed by <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacEoin" class="mw-redirect" title="Seán MacEoin">Seán MacEoin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Longford" title="Longford">Longford</a> IRA in the <a href="/wiki/Clonfin_Ambush" title="Clonfin Ambush">Clonfin Ambush</a>. On 19 March 1921, the 3rd Cork Brigade of the IRA defeated a large scale attempt by the British Army & Auxiliary Division to encircle and <a href="/wiki/Crossbarry_Ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbarry Ambush">trap them at Crossbarry</a>. On 15 April 1921, Captain Roy Mackinnon, commanding officer of H Company ADRIC, was assassinated by the <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">Kerry</a> IRA.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Successes required reliable intelligence and raids often brought no result—or sometimes worse. In one case, they arrested a Castle official, Law Adviser W. E. Wylie, by mistake. In another, more notorious case, on 19 April 1921 they raided the Shannon Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Castleconnell" title="Castleconnell">Castleconnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">County Limerick</a> on a tip that there were suspicious characters drinking therein. The "suspicious characters" turned out to be three off-duty members of the RIC: both sides mistook the other for insurgents and opened fire; three people, an RIC man, an Auxiliary Cadet<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a civilian, were killed in the shootout that followed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Burning_of_Cork_(9713428703).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg/250px-The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg/375px-The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg/500px-The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1978" data-file-height="1420" /></a><figcaption>The aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Cork" title="Burning of Cork">Burning of Cork</a> by Auxiliaries, December 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the Division's Temporary Cadets did not cope well with the frustrations of counterinsurgency: hurriedly recruited, poorly trained, and with an ill-defined role, they soon gained a reputation for drunkenness, lack of discipline, and <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">brutality</a> worse than that of the Black and Tans. They were disliked by members of the Royal Irish Constabulary, who considered them "rough." They seem to have been unpopular with the British Army as well. One British officer, who served as adjutant for the 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Own_Cameron_Highlanders" title="Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders">Cameron Highlanders</a>, wrote in his memoirs that the Auxiliaries "were totally undisciplined by our regimental standards".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2017_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macready wrote in his own memoirs that "those companies that had the good fortune to have good commanders, generally ex-Regular officers, who could control their men, performed useful work, but the exploits of certain other companies under weak or inefficient commanders went a long way to discredit the whole force".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson2011120_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson2011120-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the ordinary police, the Auxiliaries sometimes took reprisals in the wake of attacks by the IRA. On the evening of <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1920)" title="Bloody Sunday (1920)">Bloody Sunday</a>, for example, Dick McKee and Peadar Clancy were killed by their Auxiliary captors under very suspicious circumstances: the official explanation, that the two insurgents tried to escape, is widely disbelieved. Perhaps the most notorious reprisal involving the Auxiliary Division was the <a href="/wiki/The_Burning_of_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="The Burning of Cork">burning of Cork</a> on 11 December 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAinsworth20013_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAinsworth20013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 7:30 p.m. that evening, a truckload of Auxiliaries from newly formed K Company was ambushed at Dillons Cross: a grenade was thrown onto their truck, wounding ten Auxiliaries and killing one, Temporary Cadet Spencer Chapman.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that night, police and Auxiliaries took revenge by setting fire to the city's commercial centre, preventing the fire service from attending the blaze, and shooting seven people (see <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Cork" title="Burning of Cork">Burning of Cork</a>). </p><p>Two IRA men, Cornelius and Jerimiah Delaney, were killed in their beds at home in Dublin Hill (though Con Delaney survived to December 18). Five civilians were shot on the streets. Damage amounting to $20 million was inflicted. The <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Fire_Brigade" title="Cork City Fire Brigade">Cork Fire Brigade</a> did not have the resources to deal with the fires: law and order, it seemed, had completely broken down. The British Government at first claimed the citizens were responsible for the arson, but a military court of inquiry known as the Strickland Report later found that the fires had been started by the Auxiliaries. Its findings were suppressed by the government, but K Company was disbanded. Allegedly, some Auxiliaries took to wearing pieces of burnt <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> on their caps afterwards, to celebrate the occasion. </p><p>A few days later, near <a href="/wiki/Dunmanway" title="Dunmanway">Dunmanway</a>, an Auxiliary called Vernon Hart killed a young man and a seventy-year-old priest, whom the Auxiliary patrol met on the road. A third civilian, a local magistrate, escaped by approaching the other Auxiliaries before fleeing across nearby fields. Hart was arrested and court-martialled. At his trial, it was revealed that he had been a "particular friend" of Chapman, and had been drinking heavily since 11 December.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson2011204_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson2011204-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concerned that parallels would be made between this case and the <a href="/wiki/Francis_Sheehy-Skeffington#Arrest" title="Francis Sheehy-Skeffington">killing of Francis Sheehy-Skeffington</a>, the British Cabinet directed that Hart should be examined by at least two medical experts, a highly unusual intervention. These medical witnesses testified that Hart was insane at the time of the murders and the <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a> concluded that he "was guilty of the offenses with which he was charged, but was insane at the time of their commission".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnright201229-32_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnright201229-32-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although <a href="/wiki/Hamar_Greenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamar Greenwood">Hamar Greenwood</a> announced to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> that he would be <a href="/wiki/At_Her_Majesty%27s_pleasure" class="mw-redirect" title="At Her Majesty's pleasure">detained at His Majesty's pleasure</a>, Hart was briefly held at <a href="/wiki/Broadmoor_Criminal_Lunatic_Asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum">Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum</a> before release the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnright201229-32_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnright201229-32-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Hart spent some time in a Criminal Lunatic Asylum, other Auxiliaries got away with murder. On 9 February 1921, James Murphy and Patrick Kennedy were arrested by Auxiliaries in Dublin. Two hours later, constables of the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a> found the two men lying shot in <a href="/wiki/Drumcondra,_Dublin" title="Drumcondra, Dublin">Drumcondra</a>: Kennedy was dead, and Murphy was dying.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murphy died in the Mater Hospital, Dublin on 11 February, but before the end, he declared that he and Kennedy had been shot by their Auxiliary captors. A military court of inquiry was held, and Captain W. L. King, commanding officer of F Company ADRIC, was arrested for the killings. King was court-martialled on 13–15 February, but acquitted, after Murphy's dying declaration was ruled inadmissible, and two officers from F Company provided perjured alibis for Captain King at the time of the shootings. Just short of two weeks later at the <a href="/wiki/Clonmult_Ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="Clonmult Ambush">Clonmult Ambush</a> in county Cork, an Auxiliary company were accused of killing seven IRA men after they had surrendered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart199898_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart199898-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, while the authorities often turned a blind eye to reprisals, they were less tolerant of crimes against "civilians" - loyal and non-political people. A number of Auxiliaries were dismissed and prosecuted for theft, including a one-armed former Temporary Cadet, Major <a href="/wiki/Ewen_Cameron_Bruce" title="Ewen Cameron Bruce">Ewen Cameron Bruce</a>, who was imprisoned for robbing a <a href="/wiki/Creamery" title="Creamery">creamery</a>, after being dismissed from the Division for striking a civilian without cause. On 19 February 1921, Commandant Crozier resigned after a dispute over discipline with the Police Adviser. Crozier had dismissed 21 Temporary Cadets accused of looting a licensed grocery store belonging to Protestants in <a href="/wiki/County_Meath" title="County Meath">County Meath</a>. When General Tudor reinstated these men pending an official inquiry, Crozier left the Force. He was replaced by his assistant, Brigadier-General <a href="/wiki/Edward_Allan_Wood" title="Edward Allan Wood">Edward Allan Wood</a>, who commanded the Division until it was demobilised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disbandment">Disbandment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Disbandment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Auxiliary Division was disbanded along with the RIC in 1922. Although the 1921 <a href="/wiki/Anglo_Irish_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo Irish Treaty">Anglo Irish Treaty</a> required the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> to assume responsibility for the pensions of RIC members, the Auxiliaries were explicitly excluded from this provision.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following their disbandment, many of its former personnel joined the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Police_Force" title="Palestine Police Force">Palestine Police Force</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British-controlled territory</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_legacy">Historical legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historical legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anti-insurgency activities of the Auxiliaries Division have become interchangeable with those conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Black_and_Tans" title="Black and Tans">Black and Tans</a> leading to many atrocities committed by them being attributed to the Black and Tans. Nevertheless, both British units remain equally reviled in Ireland. </p><p>The Auxiliaries have featured in <a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">historical drama</a> films like <i><a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(film)" title="Michael Collins (film)">Michael Collins</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_September_(film)" title="The Last September (film)">The Last September</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wind_That_Shakes_the_Barley_(film)" title="The Wind That Shakes the Barley (film)">The Wind That Shakes the Barley</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_companies">List of companies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable unsortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Unit </th> <th>Service </th> <th>Area of operations </th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>Depot Company </td> <td>27 July 1920 – January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">County Kildare</a> (until September 1920)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A Company </td> <td>27 July 1920 – 18 January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">County Kilkenny</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>B Company </td> <td>27 July 1920 – 23 January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">County Tipperary</a> (until May 1921)<br /><a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">County Cavan</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>C Company </td> <td>27 July 1920 – January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a> (until February 1921)<br />Dublin </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>D Company </td> <td>3 August 1920 – January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">County Galway</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>E Company </td> <td>16 September 1920 – 18 January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Sligo" title="County Sligo">County Sligo</a> (until November 1920)<br /><a href="/wiki/County_Roscommon" title="County Roscommon">County Roscommon</a> (until June 1921)<br /><a href="/wiki/County_Mayo" title="County Mayo">County Mayo</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>F Company </td> <td>September 1920 – January 1922 </td> <td>Dublin </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>G Company </td> <td>October 1920 – January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>H Company </td> <td>28 October 1920 – 18 January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">County Kerry</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Company </td> <td>November 1920 – January 1922 </td> <td>Dublin (until March 1921)<br /><a href="/wiki/County_Leitrim" title="County Leitrim">County Leitrim</a> (until June 1921)<br /><a href="/wiki/County_Monaghan" title="County Monaghan">County Monaghan</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>J Company </td> <td>November 1920 – 23 January 1922 </td> <td rowspan="3">County Cork </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>K Company </td> <td>22 November 1920 – March 1921 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>L Company </td> <td>October 1920 – January 1922 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>M Company </td> <td>December 1920 – January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Longford" title="County Longford">County Longford</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N Company </td> <td>3 January 1921 – 14 January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Meath" title="County Meath">County Meath</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>O Company </td> <td>27 January 1921 – 19 January 1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">County Dublin</a> (until February 1921)<br />County Cork </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P Company </td> <td>March 1921 – January 1922 </td> <td>County Sligo </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Q Company </td> <td>March 1921 – 14 January 1922 </td> <td>Dublin </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>R Company </td> <td>April–May 1921 – 16 January 1922 </td> <td>Dublin </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>S Company </td> <td>28 May 1921 – ? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a>; worked in <a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">communications</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Z Company </td> <td>28 May 1921 – January 1922 </td> <td>Dublin Castle; worked in intelligence gathering </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-irishtimes_jan_2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irishtimes_jan_2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/ric-and-dmp-policemen-to-be-commemorated-for-first-time-by-state-1.4128214">"RIC and DMP policemen to be commemorated for first time by State"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a></i>, 1 January 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETownshend197530-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETownshend197530_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTownshend1975">Townshend 1975</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson201131-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson201131_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeson2011">Leeson 2011</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson201132-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson201132_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeson2011">Leeson 2011</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett199577-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett199577_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennett1995">Bennett 1995</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey1992665-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey1992665_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarvey1992">Harvey 1992</a>, p. 665.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson2011112-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson2011112_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeson2011">Leeson 2011</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Michael Collins and the Making of a New Ireland</i> by Piaras Beaslaí (Dublin, 1926), vol. 2, pp. 27 and 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKostal2007119-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKostal2007119_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKostal2007">Kostal 2007</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1976-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1976_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRose1976">Rose 1976</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson201136-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson201136_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeson2011">Leeson 2011</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarry1956-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarry1956_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarry1956">Barry 1956</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/326386/">"Casualty Details: Roy Livingston Mackinnon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Casualty+Details%26%2358%3B+Roy+Livingston+Mackinnon&rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F326386%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512014740/http://www.policememorial.org.uk/Forces/IRELAND/RIC_Roll.htm">"RIC Memorial"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.policememorial.org.uk/Forces/IRELAND/RIC_Roll.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RIC+Memorial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.policememorial.org.uk%2FForces%2FIRELAND%2FRIC_Roll.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2017-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2017_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Brien2017">O'Brien 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson2011120-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson2011120_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeson2011">Leeson 2011</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAinsworth20013-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAinsworth20013_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAinsworth2001">Ainsworth 2001</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Halpin, Eunan & Ó Corráin, Daithí (2020), <i>The Dead of the Irish Revolution</i>. Yale University Press, pg 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeson2011204-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeson2011204_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeson2011">Leeson 2011</a>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnright201229-32-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnright201229-32_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnright201229-32_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEnright2012">Enright 2012</a>, p. 29-32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Halpin, pgs 296-297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart199898-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart199898_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHart1998">Hart 1998</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1922/act/1/schedule/2/enacted/en/html">Anglo Irish Treaty</a>, Article 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/depot-company/depot-coy.html">"Depot Company"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=Depot+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fdepot-company%2Fdepot-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/a-coy/a-coy-kilkenny.html">"A Coy ADRIC Kilkenny"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=A+Coy+ADRIC+Kilkenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fa-coy%2Fa-coy-kilkenny.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/b-coy/b-coy.html">"B Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=B+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fb-coy%2Fb-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/c-coy/c-coy.html">"C Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=C+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fc-coy%2Fc-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/d-coy/d-coy-galway.html">"D Company ADRIC in Galway"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=D+Company+ADRIC+in+Galway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fd-coy%2Fd-coy-galway.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/e-coy/e-coy-sligo.html">"E Coy"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=E+Coy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fe-coy%2Fe-coy-sligo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/f-coy/f-coy.html">"F Company Auxiliary Division"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=F+Company+Auxiliary+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Ff-coy%2Ff-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/g-coy/g-coy.html">"G Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=G+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fg-coy%2Fg-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/h-coy/h-company.html">"H Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=H+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fh-coy%2Fh-company.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/i-coy/adric-i-coy.html">"I Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=I+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fi-coy%2Fadric-i-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/j-coy/j-coy.html">"J Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=J+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fj-coy%2Fj-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/k-coy/k-coy.html">"K Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=K+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fk-coy%2Fk-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/l-coy/l-coy.html">"L Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=L+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fl-coy%2Fl-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/m-coy/m-coy.html">"M Coy ADRIC - Longford"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=M+Coy+ADRIC+-+Longford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fm-coy%2Fm-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/n-coy/n-coy.html">"N Coy ADRIC Meath"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=N+Coy+ADRIC+Meath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fn-coy%2Fn-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/o-coy/o-coy.html">"O Company"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=O+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fo-coy%2Fo-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/p-coy/p-coy.html">"P Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=P+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fp-coy%2Fp-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/q-coy/q-coy.html">"Q Company"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=Q+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fq-coy%2Fq-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/r-coy/r-coy.html">"R Company ADRIC"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=R+Company+ADRIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fr-coy%2Fr-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/s-coy/s-coy.html">"S Company"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=S+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fs-coy%2Fs-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theauxiliaries.com/companies/z-coy/z-coy.html">"Z Coy"</a>. <i>www.theauxiliries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theauxiliries.com&rft.atitle=Z+Coy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theauxiliaries.com%2Fcompanies%2Fz-coy%2Fz-coy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAinsworth2001" class="citation report cs1">Ainsworth, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.qut.edu.au/6/1/British_Security_Policy_in_Ireland.pdf">British Security Policy in Ireland, 1920-1921</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). School of Humanities & Social Science.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=British+Security+Policy+in+Ireland%2C+1920-1921&rft.pub=School+of+Humanities+%26+Social+Science&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Ainsworth&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.qut.edu.au%2F6%2F1%2FBritish_Security_Policy_in_Ireland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry1956" class="citation book cs1">Barry, Tom (1956). <i>Guerilla days in Ireland: a first-hand account of the Black and Tan war (1919-1921)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guerilla+days+in+Ireland%3A+a+first-hand+account+of+the+Black+and+Tan+war+%281919-1921%29&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1995" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Richard (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blacktans00rich"><i>The Black and Tans</i></a></span>. New York: Barnes and Noble Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56619-820-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56619-820-2"><bdi>978-1-56619-820-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+and+Tans&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Barnes+and+Noble+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-56619-820-2&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblacktans00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnright2012" class="citation book cs1">Enright, Sean (2012). <i>The Trial of Civilians by Military Courts: Ireland 1921</i>. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+Civilians+by+Military+Courts%3A+Ireland+1921&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Enright&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart1998" class="citation book cs1">Hart, Peter (1998). <i>The IRA and its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork, 1916-1923</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+IRA+and+its+Enemies%3A+Violence+and+Community+in+Cork%2C+1916-1923&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1992" class="citation journal cs1">Harvey, A.D. (1992). "Who Were the Auxiliaries?". <i>Historical Journal</i>. <b>35</b> (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Who+Were+the+Auxiliaries%3F&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=A.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeson2011" class="citation book cs1">Leeson, D.M. (2011). <i>The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+and+Tans%3A+British+Police+and+Auxiliaries+in+the+Irish+War+of+Independence&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Leeson&rft.aufirst=D.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostal2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kostal, Devlin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713044417/http://www.intelligenceisthefuture.com/Improving%20The%20Law%20Enforcement-Intelligence%20Community%20Relationship%20Ver5.pdf">"British Military Intelligence Law Enforcement Integration in the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Improving the Law Enforcement-Intelligence Community Relationship</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Intelligence_College" class="mw-redirect" title="National Defense Intelligence College">NDIC, Washington DC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intelligenceisthefuture.com/Improving%20The%20Law%20Enforcement-Intelligence%20Community%20Relationship%20Ver5.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Improving+the+Law+Enforcement-Intelligence+Community+Relationship&rft.atitle=British+Military+Intelligence+Law+Enforcement+Integration+in+the+Irish+War+of+Independence%2C+1919-1921&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kostal&rft.aufirst=Devlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intelligenceisthefuture.com%2FImproving%2520The%2520Law%2520Enforcement-Intelligence%2520Community%2520Relationship%2520Ver5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2017" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, Paul (2017). <i>Havoc: The Auxiliaries in Ireland's War of Independence</i>. Collins Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78841-010-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78841-010-6"><bdi>978-1-78841-010-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Havoc%3A+The+Auxiliaries+in+Ireland%27s+War+of+Independence&rft.pub=Collins+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78841-010-6&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose1976" class="citation report cs1">Rose, Richard (1976). Committee on Political Sociology. <i>The Dynamics of Public Policy: A Comparative Analysis</i> (Report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Committee+on+Political+Sociology&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownshend1975" class="citation book cs1">Townshend, Charles (1975). <i>The British Campaign in Ireland, 1919-1921: The Development of Political and Military Policies</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Campaign+in+Ireland%2C+1919-1921%3A+The+Development+of+Political+and+Military+Policies&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Townshend&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuxiliary+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&oldid=1262442833">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auxiliary_Division&oldid=1262442833</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Auxiliary_military_units" title="Category:Auxiliary military units">Auxiliary military units</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Auxiliary_police_units" title="Category:Auxiliary police units">Auxiliary police units</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Category:Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paramilitary_organisations_based_in_Ireland" title="Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Ireland">Paramilitary organisations based in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paramilitary_police" title="Category:Paramilitary police">Paramilitary police</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Police_misconduct_in_Ireland" title="Category:Police misconduct in Ireland">Police misconduct in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_repression_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Political repression in the United Kingdom">Political repression in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Irish_Constabulary" title="Category:Royal Irish Constabulary">Royal Irish Constabulary</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CWGC_person_ID_not_in_Wikidata" title="Category:CWGC person ID not in Wikidata">CWGC person ID not in Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 December 2024, at 13:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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