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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A" title="معاهدة باطومي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معاهدة باطومي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batum_m%C3%BCqavil%C9%99si" title="Batum müqaviləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Batum müqaviləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batumijski_sporazum" title="Batumijski sporazum – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Batumijski sporazum" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractat_de_Batum" title="Tractat de Batum – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tractat de Batum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batumi-traktaten" title="Batumi-traktaten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Batumi-traktaten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertrag_von_Batumi" title="Vertrag von Batumi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vertrag von Batumi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Batum" title="Tratado de Batum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tratado de Batum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktato_de_Batumo" title="Traktato de Batumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Traktato de Batumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="پیمان باتومی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیمان باتومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Batoum" title="Traité de Batoum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traité de Batoum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Բաթումի պայմանագիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բաթումի պայմանագիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Batum" title="Perjanjian Batum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perjanjian Batum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattato_di_Batumi" title="Trattato di Batumi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trattato di Batumi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="הסכם בתומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסכם בתומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ბათუმის საზავო ხელშეკრულება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბათუმის საზავო ხელშეკრულება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batumi_miera_l%C4%ABgums" title="Batumi miera līgums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Batumi miera līgums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Договор од Батум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Договор од Батум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdrag_van_Batoemi" title="Verdrag van Batoemi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verdrag van Batoemi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Batumi" title="Tratado de Batumi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tratado de Batumi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Batumi" title="Tratatul de la Batumi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tratatul de la Batumi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Батумская мирная конференция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Батумская мирная конференция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rdraget_i_Batum" title="Fördraget i Batum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fördraget i Batum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batum_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Batum Antlaşması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batum Antlaşması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Батумська угода – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Батумська угода" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%9F%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="巴统条约 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴统条约" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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.plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Treaty of Batumi</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Batum_Treaty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Batum_Treaty.svg/300px-Batum_Treaty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Batum_Treaty.svg/450px-Batum_Treaty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Batum_Treaty.svg/600px-Batum_Treaty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Peace treaty</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">4 June 1918</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">Ratification</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Armenia_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Armenia_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Armenia_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Armenia_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_4-5%29.svg/19px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_4-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_4-5%29.svg/29px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_4-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:History of the Ottoman Empire">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Ottoman Empire">History</a> of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of the Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Coat of Arms of the Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Timeline of the Ottoman Empire">Timeline</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1299–1453)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral)"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylik of Osman">Beylik of Osman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Interregnum" title="Ottoman Interregnum">Interregnum</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1402–1413)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1453–1566)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral)"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Women" title="Sultanate of Women">Sultanate of Women</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1533–1656)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1566–1703)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral)"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCl%C3%BC_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Köprülü Era">Köprülü Era</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1656–1703)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Old Regime</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1703–1789)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral)"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_Era_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulip Era in the Ottoman Empire">Tulip Era</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1718–1730)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Decline & Modernization</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1789–1908)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral)"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizam-i_Djedid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam-i Djedid">Nizam-i Djedid</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(late 18th and early 19th)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat Era</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1839–1876)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)">1st Constitutional Era</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1876–1878)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Dissolution</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908–1922)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral)"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Era" title="Second Constitutional Era">2nd Constitutional Era</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908–1920)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_during_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Empire during World War I">World War I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1914–1918)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">Partitioning</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1918–1922)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Ottoman_sultanate" title="Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate">Abolition of the Sultanate</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Caliphate" title="Abolition of the Caliphate">Abolition of the Caliphate</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Historiography of the Ottoman Empire">Historiography</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghaza_thesis" title="Ghaza thesis">Ghaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_decline_thesis" title="Ottoman decline thesis">Decline</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Armenia" title="Category:History of Armenia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">History of <span class="fn org label">Armenia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Armenia"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arms_of_Armenia.svg/80px-Arms_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arms_of_Armenia.svg/120px-Arms_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arms_of_Armenia.svg/160px-Arms_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of Armenia</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Armenia" title="Prehistoric Armenia">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayk" title="Hayk">Legend of Hayk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialeti%E2%80%93Vanadzor_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Trialeti–Vanadzor culture">Trialeti–Vanadzor culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armani_(kingdom)" title="Armani (kingdom)">Armani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lchashen%E2%80%93Metsamor_culture" title="Lchashen–Metsamor culture">Lchashen–Metsamor culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayasa-Azzi" title="Hayasa-Azzi">Hayasa-Azzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shupria" title="Shupria">Arme–Shupria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushki" title="Mushki">Mushki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urumeans" title="Urumeans">Urumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairi" title="Nairi">Nairi Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu (Kingdom of Van)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiuni" title="Etiuni">Etiuni</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Armenia" title="Ancient Armenia">Antiquity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Satrapy of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Armenia" title="Lesser Armenia">Armenia Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigranes_the_Great" title="Tigranes the Great">Armenian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia" title="Roman Armenia">Roman Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Armenia" title="Christianization of Armenia">Christianization of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sophene" title="Kingdom of Sophene">Kingdom of Sophene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commagene" title="Commagene">Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Armenia" title="Byzantine Armenia">Byzantine Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Armenia" title="Sasanian Armenia">Sasanian Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Armenia" title="Muslim conquest of Armenia">Muslim conquest of Armenia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Armenia" title="Medieval Armenia">Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya">Emirate of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hamamshen" title="Principality of Hamamshen">Principality of Hamamshen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Kingdom of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vaspurakan" title="Kingdom of Vaspurakan">Kingdom of Vaspurakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tashir-Dzoraget" title="Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget">Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Syunik" title="Kingdom of Syunik">Kingdom of Syunik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Artsakh" title="Kingdom of Artsakh">Kingdom of Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Zakarid Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Khachen" title="Principality of Khachen">Principality of Khachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Armenia" title="Mongol Armenia">Mongol Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Kingdom of Cilicia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia#Early_Modern_period" title="History of Armenia">Early modern age</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenia_(1502%E2%80%931828)" title="Iranian Armenia (1502–1828)">Iranian Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melikdoms_of_Karabakh" title="Melikdoms of Karabakh">Five Melikdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Armenians in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armenia" title="Russian Armenia">Russian Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Oblast" title="Armenian Oblast">Armenian Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_question" title="Armenian question">Armenian question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_national_movement" title="Armenian national movement">National movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia#20th_century" title="History of Armenia">Modern age</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">First Republic of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenian S.S.R.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mountainous_Armenia" title="Republic of Mountainous Armenia">Republic of Mountainous Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Contemporary Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Republic of Artsakh</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Armenian_history" title="Timeline of Armenian history">Timeline</a> • <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Armenians" title="Origin of the Armenians">Origins</a> • <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Armenia" title="Name of Armenia">Etymology</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Armenia" title="Template:History of Armenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Armenia" title="Template talk:History of Armenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Armenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Armenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Azerbaijan" title="Category:History of Azerbaijan">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">History of <span class="fn org label">Azerbaijan</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg/200px-Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg/300px-Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg/400px-Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Prehistory" title="History of Azerbaijan">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Stone Age in Azerbaijan">Stone Age</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Bronze and Iron Age in Azerbaijan">Bronze Age</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_Azerbaijan#Late_Bronze_–_Iron_Age" title="Bronze and Iron Age in Azerbaijan">Iron Age</a> </span> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>6000–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>4000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalcolithic_culture_of_Nakhchivan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalcolithic culture of Nakhchivan (page does not exist)">Chalcolithic culture of Nakhchivan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>4945–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>3800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Leyla-Tepe_culture" title="Leyla-Tepe culture">Leyla-Tepe culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>4350–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>4000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>3400–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>2000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_culture" title="Nakhchivan culture">Nakhchivan culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>3000–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>2000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Talish%E2%80%93Mughan_culture" title="Talish–Mughan culture">Talish–Mughan culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1400–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>700 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khojaly%E2%80%93Gadabay_culture" title="Khojaly–Gadabay culture">Khojaly–Gadabay culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1300–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>700 BC</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_antiquity" title="Azerbaijan in antiquity">Antiquity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/I%C5%A1kuza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iškuza">Kingdom of Iškuza</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>700 BC–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>590s BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">550 BC–330 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      •  <a href="/wiki/Media_(region)#Under_the_Achaemenids" title="Media (region)">Satrapy of Media</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>550 BC – 323 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">312 BC – 63 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">247 BC – AD 224</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>200 BC – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>AD 800</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_influence_in_Caucasian_Albania" title="Roman influence in Caucasian Albania">Roman Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 27 BC – AD 395</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Middle Ages in Azerbaijan">Early Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 224–651</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      •  <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania_(Sasanian_province)" title="Caucasian Albania (Sasanian province)"> Satrapy of Albania</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>252–636</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazar Khaganate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>650–969</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">632–661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      •  <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Islamic conquest</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">633–654</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      • <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania#Islamic_era" title="Caucasian Albania">Arran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>650–705</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">661–750</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      • <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania#Islamic_era" title="Caucasian Albania">Arran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>650–705</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      • <a href="/wiki/Arminiya#Establishment_of_direct_Muslim_control" title="Arminiya">Emirate of Arminiya</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 705–884</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">750–1258</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      • <a href="/wiki/Arminiya#Abbasid_period_until_884" title="Arminiya">Emirate of Arminiya</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">705–884</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shirvanshahs" title="Shirvanshahs">Shirvanshahs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">861–1538</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sajid_dynasty" title="Sajid dynasty">Sajids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">889–929</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shaddadids" title="Shaddadids">Shaddadids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">951–1199</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sallarid_dynasty" title="Sallarid dynasty">Sallarid dynasty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">919–1062</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Middle Ages in Azerbaijan">High Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1037–1194</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1077–1231</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1135–1225</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Mongol invasions of Azerbaijan">Mongol Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1206–1368</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1256–1335</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chobanids" title="Chobanids">Chobanids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1335–1357</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1370–1507</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Qara Qoyunlu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1374–1468</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1378–1503</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Early_Modern_History" title="History of Azerbaijan">Early modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1501–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Shirvan" title="Safavid Shirvan">Safavid Shirvan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1501–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Karabakh" title="Safavid Karabakh">Safavid Karabakh</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1501–1747</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Province_(Safavid_Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erivan Province (Safavid Iran)">Chokhur-e Sa'd</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1502–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1299–1922</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirvan_Eyalet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirvan Eyalet (page does not exist)">Shirvan Eyalet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eirvan_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:Şirvan əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1578–1607</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja-Qarabagh_Eyalet_(I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (I) (page does not exist)">Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (I)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99nc%C9%99-Qaraba%C4%9F_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:Gəncə-Qarabağ əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1588–1606</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revan_Eyalet_(I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revan Eyalet (I) (page does not exist)">Revan Eyalet (I)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0r%C9%99van_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:İrəvan əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1583–1604</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhchivan_Sanjak_(I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakhchivan Sanjak (I) (page does not exist)">Nakhchivan Sanjak (I)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_sanca%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="az:Naxçıvan sancağı">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1583–1604</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja-Qarabagh_Eyalet_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (II) (page does not exist)">Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99nc%C9%99-Qaraba%C4%9F_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:Gəncə-Qarabağ əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1725–1735</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revan_Eyalet_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revan Eyalet (II) (page does not exist)">Revan Eyalet (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0r%C9%99van_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:İrəvan əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1724–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhchivan_Sanjak_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakhchivan Sanjak (II) (page does not exist)">Nakhchivan Sanjak (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_sanca%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="az:Naxçıvan sancağı">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1724–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiflis_Eyalet_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiflis Eyalet (II) (page does not exist)">Tiflis Eyalet (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiflis_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:Tiflis əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1723–1735</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazak_Sanjak_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazak Sanjak (II) (page does not exist)">Kazak Sanjak (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax_livas%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="az:Qazax livası">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1723–1735</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1736–1796</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_Afsharid_Empire" title="Division of the Afsharid Empire">Division of Afsharid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of the Caucasus</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1604–1844</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Elisu_Sultanate" title="Elisu Sultanate">Elisu Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1604–1844</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_sultanate" title="Kazakh sultanate">Kazakh sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1605–1801</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Djaro-Belokani" class="mw-redirect" title="Djaro-Belokani">Djaro-Belokani</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1600s–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1800s</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Shaki_Khanate" title="Shaki Khanate">Shaki Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1743–1819</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Ganja_Khanate" title="Ganja Khanate">Ganja Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1805</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Talysh_Khanate" title="Talysh Khanate">Talysh Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Khanate" title="Nakhichevan Khanate">Nakhichevan Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Qutqashen_Sultanate" title="Qutqashen Sultanate">Qutqashen Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1841</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Baku_Khanate" title="Baku Khanate">Baku Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1806</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Shamshadil" title="Shamshadil"> Shamshadil sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1801</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Quba_Khanate" title="Quba Khanate">Quba Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1806</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Karabakh_Khanate" title="Karabakh Khanate">Karabakh Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1748–1822</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kurakchay" title="Treaty of Kurakchay">Treaty of Kurakchay</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1805</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Shirvan_Khanate" title="Shirvan Khanate">Shirvan Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1748–1820</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand dynasty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1751–1794</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1789–1925</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Fourth Russo-Persian War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1804–1813</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1813</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Fifth Russo-Persian War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1826–1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1721–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)">Second Russo-Persian War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1722–1723</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Viceroyalty_(1801%E2%80%931917)" title="Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)"> Caucasus Viceroyalty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1801–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Baku_Governorate" title="Baku Governorate">Baku Governorate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1846–1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Governorate" title="Erivan Governorate">Erivan Governorate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1849–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">          • <a href="/wiki/Zakatal_okrug" title="Zakatal okrug">Zakatal okrug</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1859–1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Elizavetpol_Governorate" title="Elizavetpol Governorate">Elizavetpol Governorate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1867–1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Special_Transcaucasian_Committee" title="Special Transcaucasian Committee">Special Transcaucasian Committee</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1917</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Modern_history" title="History of Azerbaijan">Modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Commissariat" title="Transcaucasian Commissariat">Transcaucasian Commissariat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1917–1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/26_Baku_Commissars" title="26 Baku Commissars">Baku Commune</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Centrocaspian_Dictatorship" title="Centrocaspian Dictatorship">Centrocaspian Dictatorship</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Aras" title="Republic of Aras">Republic of Aras</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918–1919</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mughan_Soviet_Republic" title="Mughan Soviet Republic">Mughan Soviet Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1919</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918 - 1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918–1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baku" title="Battle of Baku">Battle of Baku</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Azerbaijan" title="Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan">Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1920–1922</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Treaty of Kars</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1921</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1922–1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic">Transcaucasian SFSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1922–1936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1922–1936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1936–1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_World_War_II" title="Azerbaijan in World War II">World War II</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Republic of Azerbaijan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1991</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Contemporary_History" title="History of Azerbaijan">Contemporary history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1991–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">I Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1988–1994</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Bishkek_Protocol" title="Bishkek Protocol">Bishkek Protocol</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1994</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">II Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">Ceasefire Agreement</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2020</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(toponym)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan (toponym)">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of heads of state of Azerbaijan">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Azerbaijanis" title="Origin of the Azerbaijanis">Genetic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Azerbaijan" title="Economic history of Azerbaijan">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Azerbaijan" title="Military history of Azerbaijan">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Jewish history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Azerbaijan" title="List of wars involving Azerbaijan">Wars</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Historical regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakasene" title="Sakasene">Sakasene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utik" title="Utik">Utik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambysene" title="Cambysene">Cambysene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardman" title="Gardman">Gardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskut" title="Maskut">Maskut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughan_plain" title="Mughan plain">Mughan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasagan" title="Balasagan">Balasagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspiane" title="Caspiane">Caspiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paytakaran" title="Paytakaran">Paytakaran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan" title="Portal:Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Azerbaijan" title="Template:History of Azerbaijan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Azerbaijan" title="Template talk:History of Azerbaijan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Azerbaijan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Azerbaijan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:History of Georgia (country)">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">History of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_(Georgia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg/250px-Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg/375px-Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg/500px-Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="428" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Georgia" title="Prehistoric Georgia">Prehistoric Georgia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kartlos" title="Kartlos">Legend of Kartlos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trialeti_culture" title="Trialeti culture">Trialeti culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Colchian_culture" title="Colchian culture">Colchian culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mushki" title="Mushki">Mushki</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient history of Georgia">Ancient history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Kartli" title="Aryan Kartli">Aryan Kartli</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia" title="Kingdom of Iberia">Kingdom of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pharnavazid_dynasty" title="Pharnavazid dynasty">Pharnavazid dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Roman_era" title="Georgia in the Roman era">Georgia in the Roman era</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Artaxiad_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia">Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_campaign_of_Pompey" title="Caucasian campaign of Pompey">Campaign of Pompey</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iberian%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Iberian–Armenian War">Iberian–Armenian War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazica</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Iberia">Arsacid dynasty of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Iberia" title="Sasanian Iberia">Sasanian Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chosroid_dynasty" title="Chosroid dynasty">Chosroid dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Iberia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Georgia">Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_War" title="Iberian War">Iberian War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lazic_War" title="Lazic War">Lazic War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Principality of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Umayyad invasion of Georgia">Umayyad invasion of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arab_rule_in_Georgia" title="Arab rule in Georgia">Arab rule in Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Tbilisi" title="Emirate of Tbilisi">Emirate of Tbilisi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tao_(historical_region)" title="Tao (historical region)">Duchy of Tao</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Klarjeti" title="Klarjeti">Duchy of Klarjeti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Bagrationi dynasty">Bagrationi dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hereti" title="Kingdom of Hereti">Kingdom of Hereti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Iberians" title="Kingdom of the Iberians">Kingdom of the Iberians</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Abkhazia" title="Kingdom of Abkhazia">Kingdom of Abkhazia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iberia_(theme)" title="Iberia (theme)">Theme of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Kldekari" title="Duchy of Kldekari">Duchy of Kldekari</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Unification of the Georgian realm">Unification of the Georgian realm</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Racha" title="Duchy of Racha">Duchy of Racha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti-Hereti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti">Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Georgian_wars" title="Byzantine–Georgian wars">Byzantine–Georgian wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_Invasion" title="Great Turkish Invasion">Great Turkish Invasion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Seljuk_wars" title="Georgian–Seljuk wars">Georgian–Seljuk wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Golden_Age" title="Georgian Golden Age">Georgian Golden Age</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia">Mongol invasions of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Eastern_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Eastern Georgia">Kingdom of Eastern Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Western_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Western Georgia">Kingdom of Western Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timurid_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Timurid invasions of Georgia">Timurid invasions of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Turkoman invasions of Georgia">Turkoman invasions of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aragvi" title="Duchy of Aragvi">Duchy of Aragvi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Collapse of the Georgian realm">Collapse of the Georgian realm</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern Georgia">Early modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ksani" title="Duchy of Ksani">Duchy of Ksani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samtskhe-Saatabago" title="Samtskhe-Saatabago">Samtskhe-Saatabago</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli" title="Kingdom of Kartli">Kingdom of Kartli</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti">Kingdom of Kakheti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Kingdom of Imereti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Guria" title="Principality of Guria">Principality of Guria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Svaneti" title="Principality of Svaneti">Principality of Svaneti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Mingrelia" title="Principality of Mingrelia">Principality of Mingrelia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Abkhazia" title="Principality of Abkhazia">Principality of Abkhazia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Georgia" title="Safavid Georgia">Safavid Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Childir_Eyalet" title="Childir Eyalet">Childir Eyalet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history of Georgia">Modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire" title="Georgia within the Russian Empire">Georgia within the Russian Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1832_Georgian_plot" title="1832 Georgian plot">1832 Georgian plot</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gurian_Republic" title="Gurian Republic">Gurian Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)_since_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Georgia (country) since 1991">Georgia since 1991</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History by topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Georgia" title="Names of Georgia">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Georgian_monarchs" title="Lists of Georgian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_states_of_Georgia" title="List of historical states of Georgia">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tbilisi" title="History of Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Georgia" title="Military history of Georgia">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Georgia_(country)" title="List of wars involving Georgia (country)">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_battles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Georgian battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Georgian_history" title="Timeline of Georgian history">Chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Treaty of Batum</b> was signed in <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a> on 4 June 1918, between the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and the three Transcaucasian states: the <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">First Republic of Armenia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first treaty of the First Republic of Armenia and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and had 14 articles. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Batum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasus Campaign">Caucasus Campaign</a></div> <p>On 5 December 1917, the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Erzincan" title="Armistice of Erzincan">armistice of Erzincan</a> was signed between the Russians and the Ottomans, ending the armed conflicts between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persian Campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasus Campaign">Caucasus Campaign</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern theatre of World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by Russia's exit from <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> on 3 March 1918 under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a>. Between 14 March and April 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Trabzon_peace_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Trabzon peace conference">Trabzon peace conference</a> was held between the Ottoman Empire and the delegation of the Transcaucasian Diet (<a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Sejm" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasian Sejm">Transcaucasian Sejm</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasha" title="Enver Pasha">Enver Pasha</a> offered to surrender all ambitions in the Caucasus in return for recognition of the Ottoman reacquisition of the east Anatolian provinces at Brest-Litovsk at the end of the negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-ottoman1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ottoman1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 April, the head of the Transcaucasian delegation <a href="/wiki/Akaki_Chkhenkeli" title="Akaki Chkhenkeli">Akaki Chkhenkeli</a> accepted the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a> as a basis for more negotiations and wired the governing bodies<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2025)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> urging them to accept that position.<sup id="cite_ref-ric_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ric-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mood prevailing in Tiflis was very different. The Armenians pressured the Republic<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2025)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> to refuse and acknowledged the existence of a state of war between themselves and the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-ric_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ric-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hostilities resumed, and the Ottoman troops overran new lands to the east, reaching the prewar borders. Approximately 40,000 civilians perished during the retreat of Armenian-Georgian volunteers and the Ottoman advance.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Ussher" title="Clarence Ussher">Clarence Ussher</a>, an American doctor in eastern Anatolia, the number of Armenians killed during the Russian retreat numbered 7,000.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treaty">Treaty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Batum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 11 May, a new peace conference opened at Batum.<sup id="cite_ref-ottoman1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ottoman1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Ottomans extended their demands to include Tiflis as well as <a href="/wiki/Alexandropol" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandropol">Alexandropol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Echmiadzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Echmiadzin">Echmiadzin</a>; they also wanted a railroad to be built to connect <a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jolfa,_Iran_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jolfa, Iran (city)">Julfa</a> with <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>. The new Armenian state, through which the transport corridor would run, was to give free right of passage. The Armenian and Georgian members of the Republic’s delegation began to stall. Beginning on 21 May, the Ottoman army moved ahead once again into areas of Russian Armenia, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sardarapat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sardarapat">Battle of Sardarapat</a> (21–29 May), the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karakilisa" title="Battle of Karakilisa">Battle of Karakilisa</a> (24–28 May), and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bash_Abaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bash Abaran">Battle of Bash Abaran</a> (21–24 May). </p><p>The treaty was signed while the <a href="/wiki/Third_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Third Army (Ottoman Empire)">Third Army</a> of the Ottoman Empire held positions 7 km from <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> and only 10 km from <a href="/wiki/Echmiadzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Echmiadzin">Echmiadzin</a>. The treaty needed to be examined and confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>. Fifteen days after the treaty, delegates from <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">Armenia</a> were asked to come to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. In the surrendered territories the majority of the 1,250,000 pre-war inhabitants had been <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, with more than 400,000 in the ceded sector of <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> province alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Hovannisian_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hovannisian-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signatories">Signatories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Batum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Signatories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Ottoman side:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Mente%C5%9Fe" class="extiw" title="tr:Halil Menteşe">Halil Menteshe</a> – Minister of Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehib_Pasha" title="Wehib Pasha">Wehib Pasha</a> – commander of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Third Army (Ottoman Empire)">Third Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasus Campaign">Caucasus Campaign</a></li></ul> <p><b>Armenian side:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avetis_Aharonian" title="Avetis Aharonian">Avetis Aharonian</a> – Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Council_(1917%E2%80%9318)" title="Armenian National Council (1917–18)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Khatisian" title="Alexander Khatisian">Alexander Khatisian</a> – Minister of Foreign Affairs</li> <li>M. Babachanian</li> <li>Ghorghanian</li></ul> <p><b>Azerbaijani side:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mammad_Amin_Rasulzade" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammad Amin Rasulzade">Mammad Amin Rasulzade</a> – President of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_National_Council" title="Azerbaijani National Council">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammad_Hasan_Hajinski" title="Mammad Hasan Hajinski">Mammad Hasan Hajinski</a> – Minister of Foreign Affairs</li></ul> <p><b>Georgian side:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noe_Ramishvili" title="Noe Ramishvili">Noe Ramishvili</a> – Prime Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilia_Odishelidze" title="Ilia Odishelidze">Ilia Odishelidze</a> – Deputy Minister of Defense</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Gvazava" title="Giorgi Gvazava">Giorgi Gvazava</a> – member of the presidium of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Georgia" title="National Council of Georgia">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigol_Rtskhiladze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigol Rtskhiladze (page does not exist)">Grigol Rtskhiladze</a> – member of the National Council</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Batum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Ethnoreligious composition of territories ceded in the Treaty of Batum<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Area </th> <th>Territory occupied </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><b><a href="/wiki/Tiflis_Governorate" title="Tiflis Governorate">Tiflis Governorate</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>↳ <a href="/wiki/Akhalkalaki_uezd" title="Akhalkalaki uezd">Akhalkalaki uezd</a> </td> <td>1,150 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a> (3,000 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </td> <td>64,000 </td> <td>8,000 </td> <td>8,000 </td> <td>8,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>↳ <a href="/wiki/Akhaltsikhe_uezd" title="Akhaltsikhe uezd">Akhaltsikhe uezd</a> </td> <td>1,100 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a> (2,800 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </td> <td>27,000 </td> <td>18,000 </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td>540 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><b><a href="/wiki/Erivan_Governorate" title="Erivan Governorate">Erivan Governorate</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>↳ <a href="/wiki/Alexandropol_uezd" title="Alexandropol uezd">Alexandropol uezd</a> </td> <td>750 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a> (1,900 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </td> <td>173,000 </td> <td>3,000 </td> <td>420 </td> <td>2,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>↳ <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_uezd" title="Nakhichevan uezd">Nakhichevan uezd</a> </td> <td>1,500 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a> (3,900 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>↳ <a href="/wiki/Surmalu_uezd" title="Surmalu uezd">Surmalu uezd</a> </td> <td>1,400 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a> (3,600 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td>66,000 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>↳ <a href="/wiki/Sharur-Daralayaz_uezd" title="Sharur-Daralayaz uezd">Sharur-Daralayaz uezd</a> </td> <td>600 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a> (1,600 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </td> <td>500 </td> <td>12,000 </td> <td> </td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>↳ <a href="/wiki/Erivan_uezd" title="Erivan uezd">Erivan uezd</a> </td> <td>700 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a> (1,800 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td>48,000 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>↳ <a href="/wiki/Etchmiadzin_uezd" title="Etchmiadzin uezd">Etchmiadzin uezd</a> </td> <td>900 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a> (2,300 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </td> <td>76,000 </td> <td>42,000 </td> <td> </td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Treaty of Batum </th> <th>8,100 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a> (21,000 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a>) </th> <th>400,500 </th> <th>197,000 </th> <th>33,420 </th> <th>12,000 </th></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Ethnoreligious composition of the South Caucasus in 1918<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nation </th> <th>Area (<b>sq<span class="nowrap"> </span>mi)</b> </th> <th>Share of Transcaucasia </th> <th>Armenians </th> <th>Muslims </th> <th>Georgians </th> <th>Other </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Armenia_%281918%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia_%281918%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Armenia_%281918%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia_%281918%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Armenia_%281918%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Armenia_%281918%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></span> Armenia </td> <td>4,000 </td> <td>8% </td> <td>470,000 </td> <td>168,000 </td> <td> </td> <td>41,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Georgia </td> <td>29,000 </td> <td>41% </td> <td>535,000 </td> <td>200,000 </td> <td>1,607,000 </td> <td>510,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Azerbaijan </td> <td>36,000 </td> <td>51% </td> <td>653,000 </td> <td>2,138,900 </td> <td> </td> <td>304,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Batum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCharlotte_Mathilde_Louise_Hille2010" class="citation cs2">Charlotte Mathilde Louise Hille (2010), <i>State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus</i>, BRILL, p. 71, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-004-17901-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-004-17901-1"><bdi>978-9-004-17901-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Building+and+Conflict+Resolution+in+the+Caucasus&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9-004-17901-1&rft.au=Charlotte+Mathilde+Louise+Hille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Mikaberidze2011" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mikaberidze" title="Alexander Mikaberidze">Alexander Mikaberidze</a> (2011), <i>Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World</i>, ABC-CLIO, p. 201, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-598-84337-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-598-84337-8"><bdi>978-1-598-84337-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+Conquest+in+the+Islamic+World&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-598-84337-8&rft.au=Alexander+Mikaberidze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTadeusz_Swietochowski1985" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Swietochowski" title="Tadeusz Swietochowski">Tadeusz Swietochowski</a> (1985), <i>Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community</i>, Cambridge University Press, p. 119, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26310-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26310-8"><bdi>978-0-521-26310-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Azerbaijan%2C+1905-1920%3A+The+Shaping+of+a+National+Identity+in+a+Muslim+Community&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26310-8&rft.au=Tadeusz+Swietochowski&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ottoman1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ottoman1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ottoman1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEzel_Kural_Shaw1977" class="citation cs2">Ezel Kural Shaw (1977), <i>Reform, revolution and republic : the rise of modern Turkey (1808-1975)</i>, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, p. 326, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/78646544">78646544</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reform%2C+revolution+and+republic+%3A+the+rise+of+modern+Turkey+%281808-1975%29&rft.series=History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+Modern+Turkey&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F78646544&rft.au=Ezel+Kural+Shaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span> (Turkish Perspective)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ric-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ric_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ric_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Hovannisian" class="citation cs2">Richard Hovannisian, <i>The Armenian people from ancient to modern times</i>, pp. <span class="nowrap">292–</span>293, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-61974-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-61974-2"><bdi>978-0-333-61974-2</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/312951712">312951712</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+people+from+ancient+to+modern+times&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E292-%3C%2Fspan%3E293&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F312951712&rft.isbn=978-0-333-61974-2&rft.au=Richard+Hovannisian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span> (Armenian Perspective)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian1967" class="citation book cs1">Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/825110"><i>Armenia on the road to independence, 1918</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 277. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-00574-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-00574-0"><bdi>0-520-00574-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/825110">825110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+on+the+road+to+independence%2C+1918&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F825110&rft.isbn=0-520-00574-0&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F825110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA-To" class="citation book cs1">A-To. <i>The Major Events in Vasburagan, 1914–1917</i>. p. 480.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Major+Events+in+Vasburagan%2C+1914%E2%80%931917&rft.pages=480&rft.au=A-To&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hovannisian-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hovannisian_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_G._Hovannisian1997" class="citation book cs1">Richard G. Hovannisian (1997). <i>The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-61974-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-61974-2"><bdi>978-0-333-61974-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/312951712">312951712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+People+from+Ancient+to+Modern+Times&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F312951712&rft.isbn=978-0-333-61974-2&rft.au=Richard+G.+Hovannisian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian1967" class="citation book cs1">Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/825110"><i>Armenia on the road to independence, 1918</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-00574-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-00574-0"><bdi>0-520-00574-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/825110">825110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+on+the+road+to+independence%2C+1918&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F825110&rft.isbn=0-520-00574-0&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F825110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian1967" class="citation book cs1">Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/825110"><i>Armenia on the road to independence, 1918</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-00574-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-00574-0"><bdi>0-520-00574-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/825110">825110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+on+the+road+to+independence%2C+1918&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F825110&rft.isbn=0-520-00574-0&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F825110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Batum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I_treaties102" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_World_War_treaties" title="Template:First World War treaties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_World_War_treaties" title="Template talk:First World War treaties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_World_War_treaties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First World War treaties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_I_treaties102" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> treaties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="During_the_war14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em;background:#ddf;text-align:left;">During the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">St.-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">London</a></li> <li>Bucharest <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">1918</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_5th_November" title="Act of 5th November">Act of 5th November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Acroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Buftea" title="Treaty of Buftea">Buftea</a></li> <li>Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_between_Finland_and_Germany" title="Treaty of Peace between Finland and Germany">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_between_Austria-Hungary_and_Finland" title="Treaty of Peace between Austria-Hungary and Finland">Vienna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Paris_Peace_Conference63" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em;background:#ddf;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Sèvres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rapallo_(1920)" title="Treaty of Rapallo (1920)">Rapallo (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tartu_(Estonia%E2%80%93Russia)" title="Treaty of Tartu (Estonia–Russia)">Tartu (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Treaty of Warsaw (1920)">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian%E2%80%93Soviet_Peace_Treaty" title="Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty">Riga (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Agreement" title="Suwałki Agreement">Suwałki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alexandropol" title="Treaty of Alexandropol">Alexandropol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Moscow_(1921)" title="Treaty of Moscow (1921)">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Riga" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Riga">Riga (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tartu_(Finland%E2%80%93Russia)" title="Treaty of Tartu (Finland–Russia)">Tartu (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_Peace_Treaty" title="Cilicia Peace Treaty">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ankara_(1921)" title="Treaty of Ankara (1921)">Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rapallo_(1922)" title="Treaty of Rapallo (1922)">Rapallo (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_between_the_Allied_and_Associated_Powers_with_Regard_to_the_Contribution_to_the_Cost_of_Liberation_of_the_Territories_of_the_Former_Austro-Hungarian_Monarchy" title="Agreement between the Allied and Associated Powers with Regard to the Contribution to the Cost of Liberation of the Territories of the Former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy">Austro-Hungarian reparation payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_Between_the_Allied_and_Associated_Powers_with_Regard_to_the_Italian_Reparation_Payments" title="Agreement Between the Allied and Associated Powers with Regard to the Italian Reparation Payments">Italian reparation payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_Regarding_the_Restoration_of_the_State_of_Peace_between_Germany_and_China_(1921)" title="Agreement Regarding the Restoration of the State of Peace between Germany and China (1921)">Sino-German Peace Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93German_Peace_Treaty_(1921)" title="U.S.–German Peace Treaty (1921)">U.S.–German Peace Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Montreux</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Regime_of_the_Straits" title="Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits">Regime of the Straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Abolition_of_the_Capitulations_in_Egypt" title="Montreux Convention Regarding the Abolition of the Capitulations in Egypt">Abolition of the Capitulations in Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_Between_Great_Britain_and_Denmark_Relating_to_the_Suppression_of_the_Capitulations_in_Egypt" title="Agreement Between Great Britain and Denmark Relating to the Suppression of the Capitulations in Egypt">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_Between_Great_Britain_and_Greece_Relating_to_the_Suppression_of_the_Capitulations_in_Egypt_(1920)" title="Agreement Between Great Britain and Greece Relating to the Suppression of the Capitulations in Egypt (1920)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_Between_Great_Britain_and_Norway_Relating_to_the_Suppression_of_the_Capitulations_in_Egypt" title="Agreement Between Great Britain and Norway Relating to the Suppression of the Capitulations in Egypt">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_Between_Great_Britain_and_Sweden_Relating_to_the_Suppression_of_the_Capitulations_in_Egypt_(1921)" title="Agreement Between Great Britain and Sweden Relating to the Suppression of the Capitulations in Egypt (1921)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_between_Great_Britain_and_Portugal_Relating_to_the_Suppression_of_the_Capitulations_in_Egypt" title="Agreement between Great Britain and Portugal Relating to the Suppression of the Capitulations in Egypt">Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points" title="Fourteen Points">Fourteen Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">Partition of the Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ottoman_Empire&#124;link=Ottoman_Empire_Treaties_of_the_Ottoman_Empire794" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ottoman_treaties" title="Template:Ottoman treaties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ottoman_treaties" title="Template talk:Ottoman treaties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman_treaties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman treaties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ottoman_Empire&#124;link=Ottoman_Empire_Treaties_of_the_Ottoman_Empire794" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_treaties_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of treaties of the Ottoman Empire">Treaties of the Ottoman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise</a> (1299–1453)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gallipoli" title="Treaty of Gallipoli">Gallipoli (1403)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Selymbria" title="Treaty of Selymbria">Selymbria (1411)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_peace_treaty_(1419)" title="Ottoman–Venetian peace treaty (1419)">Venice (1419)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Szeged" title="Peace of Szeged">Szeged (1444)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age</a> (1453–1566)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1454)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1454)">Constantinople (1454)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1479)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1479)">Constantinople (1479)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1533)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1533)">Constantinople (1533)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Ottoman_alliance" title="Franco-Ottoman alliance">Franco-Ottoman (1536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truce_of_Adrianople_(1547)" class="mw-redirect" title="Truce of Adrianople (1547)">Adrianople (1547)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Amasya" title="Peace of Amasya">Amasya (1555)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1562)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1562)">Constantinople (1562)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation</a> (1566–1703)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Adrianople_(1568)" title="Treaty of Adrianople (1568)">Adrianople (1568)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1590)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1590)">Constantinople (1590)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Zsitvatorok" title="Peace of Zsitvatorok">Zitvatorok (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nasuh_Pasha" title="Treaty of Nasuh Pasha">Nasuh Pasha (1612)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Busza" title="Peace of Busza">Busza (1617)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Serav" title="Treaty of Serav">Serav (1618)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Khotyn" title="Treaty of Khotyn">Khotin (1621)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zuhab" title="Treaty of Zuhab">Zuhab (1639)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Vasv%C3%A1r" title="Peace of Vasvár">Vasvár (1664)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Buchach" title="Treaty of Buchach">Buczacz (1672)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_%C5%BBurawno" title="Treaty of Żurawno">Żurawno (1676)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bakhchisarai" title="Treaty of Bakhchisarai">Bakhchisaray (1681)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Karlowitz" title="Treaty of Karlowitz">Karlowitz (1699)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1700)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1700)">Constantinople (1700)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Old Regime</a> (1703–1789)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pruth" title="Treaty of the Pruth">Pruth (1711)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Passarowitz" title="Treaty of Passarowitz">Passarowitz (1718)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1724)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1724)">Constantinople (1724)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ahmet_Pasha" title="Treaty of Ahmet Pasha">Ahmet Pasha (1732)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1736)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1736)">Constantinople (1736)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Belgrade" title="Treaty of Belgrade">Belgrade (1739)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ni%C5%A1_(1739)" title="Treaty of Niš (1739)">Niş (1739)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kerden" title="Treaty of Kerden">Kerden (1746)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca" title="Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca">Küçük Kaynarca (1774)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Aynal%C4%B1kavak" title="Treaty of Aynalıkavak">Aynalıkavak (1779)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Modernization</a> (1789–1908)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sistova" title="Treaty of Sistova">Sistova (1791)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Jassy" title="Treaty of Jassy">Jassy (1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tripoli" title="Treaty of Tripoli">Tripoli (1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_with_Tunis_(1797)" title="Treaty with Tunis (1797)">Tunis (1797)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_El_Arish" title="Convention of El Arish">El Arish (1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1800)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1800)">Constantinople (1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1802)" title="Treaty of Paris (1802)">Paris (1802)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Dardanelles" title="Treaty of the Dardanelles">Çanak (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1812)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1812)">Bucharest (1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_with_Algiers_(1815)" title="Treaty with Algiers (1815)">Algiers (1815)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Erzurum#First_treaty" title="Treaties of Erzurum">Erzurum (1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkerman_Convention" title="Akkerman Convention">Akkerman (1826)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Adrianople_(1829)" title="Treaty of Adrianople (1829)">Adrianople (1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1832)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1832)">Constantinople (1832)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_H%C3%BCnk%C3%A2r_%C4%B0skelesi" title="Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi">Hünkar İskelesi (1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_K%C3%BCtahya" title="Convention of Kütahya">Kütahya (1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Balta_Liman" title="Treaty of Balta Liman">Balta Liman (1838)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_London_(1840)" title="Convention of London (1840)">London (1840)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Straits_Convention" title="London Straits Convention">London (1841)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Erzurum#Second_treaty" title="Treaties of Erzurum">Erzurum (1847)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1856)" title="Treaty of Paris (1856)">Paris (1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Scutari" title="Convention of Scutari">Scutari (1862)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">San Stefano (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Berlin (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Halepa" title="Pact of Halepa">Halepa (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Constantinople_(1881)" title="Convention of Constantinople (1881)">Constantinople (1881)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tophane_Agreement" title="Tophane Agreement">Tophane (1886)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Constantinople" title="Convention of Constantinople">Constantinople (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Conference_Act_of_1890" title="Brussels Conference Act of 1890">Brussels Conference Act (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1897)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1897)">Constantinople (1897)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Defeat_and_dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Fall</a> (1908–1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Daan" title="Treaty of Daan">Daan (1911)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War#Treaty_of_Ouchy" title="Italo-Turkish War">Ouchy (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1913)" title="Treaty of London (1913)">London (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1913)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1913)">Constantinople (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Athens" title="Treaty of Athens">Athens (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ottoman_Convention_of_1913" title="Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913">Anglo-Ottoman Convention (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Armenian_reforms" title="1914 Armenian reforms">Armenian reforms (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_convention_(1915)" title="Bulgarian–Ottoman convention (1915)">Sofia (1915)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Erzincan" title="Armistice of Erzincan">Erzincan (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Brest-Litovsk (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Peace_Conference" title="Trebizond Peace Conference">Trebizond (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Bucharest (1918)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batum (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Mudros (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Sèvres (1920)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/48px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/64px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a 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