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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Soczewka+%28anatomia%29" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Soczewka+%28anatomia%29" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soczewka (anatomia)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 57 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="عدسة (تشريح) – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدسة (تشريح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A" title="অক্ষিকাচ – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অক্ষিকাচ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%8Dna_le%C4%87a" title="Očna leća – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Očna leća" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal%C2%B7l%C3%AD" title="Cristal·lí – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cristal·lí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Co%C4%8Dka_(oko)" title="Čočka (oko) – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čočka (oko)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomeg)" title="Lens (anatomeg) – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lens (anatomeg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linse_(anatomi)" title="Linse (anatomi) – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Linse (anatomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linse_(Auge)" title="Linse (Auge) – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linse (Auge)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linsa_(woko)" title="Linsa (woko) – dolnołużycki" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Linsa (woko)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="dolnołużycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmal%C3%A4%C3%A4ts" title="Silmalääts – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Silmalääts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_(%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Φακός (ανατομία) – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φακός (ανατομία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(vertebrate_anatomy)" title="Lens (vertebrate anatomy) – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lens (vertebrate anatomy)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristalino" title="Cristalino – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristalino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalino" title="Kristalino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristalino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalino" title="Kristalino – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristalino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85)" title="عدسی (چشم) – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدسی (چشم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristallin" title="Cristallin – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cristallin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristalino" title="Cristalino – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cristalino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95%EC%B2%B4" title="수정체 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수정체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%B3%C4%8Dka_(w%C3%B3%C4%8Dko)" title="Čóčka (wóčko) – górnołużycki" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čóčka (wóčko)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="górnołużycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(oko)" title="Leća (oko) – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Leća (oko)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalino" title="Kristalino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kristalino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensa_mata" title="Lensa mata – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lensa mata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristallino" title="Cristallino – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristallino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F)" title="עדשה (עין) – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עדשה (עין)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nsa_mata" title="Lènsa mata – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lènsa mata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Көз бұршағы – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көз бұршағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haw%C3%AAneya_%C3%A7av" title="Hawêneya çav – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hawêneya çav" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomia)" title="Lens (anatomia) – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lens (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%99%C5%A1iukas" title="Lęšiukas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lęšiukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristall_de_l%27oeugg" title="Cristall de l'oeugg – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cristall de l'oeugg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82)" title="കണ്ണിന്റെ ലെൻസ് (ശരീരവിജ്ഞാനീയം) – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കണ്ണിന്റെ ലെൻസ് (ശരീരവിജ്ഞാനീയം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanta_(anatomi_vertebrata)" title="Kanta (anatomi vertebrata) – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kanta (anatomi vertebrata)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooglens" title="Ooglens – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ooglens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="水晶体 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水晶体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linsa_i_auga" title="Linsa i auga – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Linsa i auga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristalino" title="Cristalino – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristalino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristalin" title="Cristalin – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cristalin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хрусталик – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хрусталик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)" title="Lens (anatomy) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lens (anatomy)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0o%C5%A1ovka_(anat%C3%B3mia)" title="Šošovka (anatómia) – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šošovka (anatómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%8Da_(oko)" title="Leča (oko) – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Leča (oko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B2_(%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C)" title="لێنز (توێکاری) – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لێنز (توێکاری)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(oko)" title="Leća (oko) – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Leća (oko)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myki%C3%B6" title="Mykiö – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mykiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lins_(%C3%B6ga)" title="Lins (öga) – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lins (öga)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D)" title="வில்லை (கண்) – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லை (கண்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7_%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Күз ясмыгы – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күз ясмыгы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="เลนส์ตา – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลนส์ตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ҷалидия – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷалидия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomi)" title="Lens (anatomi) – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lens (anatomi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кришталик – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кришталик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%81_(%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%A9%DA%BE)" title="عدسہ (آنکھ) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عدسہ (آنکھ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶状体 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="晶状体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%96_(%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92)" title="לינדז (אויג) – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לינדז (אויג)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="水晶體 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水晶體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶状体 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="晶状体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146701#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Focus_in_an_eye.svg/300px-Focus_in_an_eye.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Focus_in_an_eye.svg/400px-Focus_in_an_eye.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Skupianie światła przez soczewkę – po lewej z oddali, po prawej z bliska.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gray884.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray884.png/220px-Gray884.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray884.png 1.5x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption>Budowa soczewki według <a href="/wiki/Gray%E2%80%99s_Anatomy" title="Gray’s Anatomy">Gray’s Anatomy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/soczewka" class="extiw" title="wikt:soczewka"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>soczewka</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Soczewka</b> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <em lang="la">lens</em>) – część <a href="/wiki/Oko" title="Oko">oka</a>, przezroczysty, elastyczny<sup id="cite_ref-Sawicki_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sawicki-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Przespolewska-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krzymowski_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krzymowski-3">[3]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Narz%C4%85d" title="Narząd">narząd</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sowa_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sowa-4">[4]</a></sup> ogniskujący promienie świetlne tak, by tworzyły obraz odwrócony i pomniejszony na <a href="/wiki/Siatk%C3%B3wka_(anatomia)" title="Siatkówka (anatomia)">siatkówce</a>. Soczewka nie jest unaczyniona ani unerwiona<sup id="cite_ref-Bochenek2018_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bochenek2018-5">[5]</a></sup>. </p><p>Znajduje się w przedniej części oka<sup id="cite_ref-Urbanowicz_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urbanowicz-6">[6]</a></sup>, między <a href="/wiki/T%C4%99cz%C3%B3wka" title="Tęczówka">tęczówką</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cia%C5%82o_szkliste" title="Ciało szkliste">ciałem szklistym</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sowa_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sowa-4">[4]</a></sup>, umocowana jest na więzadełkach i mięśniach. U <a href="/wiki/Cz%C5%82owiek_rozumny" title="Człowiek rozumny">człowieka</a> ma kształt dwuwypukłego krążka o promieniu około 0,5 cm<sup id="cite_ref-Sawicki_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sawicki-1">[1]</a></sup>. U <a href="/wiki/Kr%C4%99gowce" title="Kręgowce">kręgowców</a> wodnych i <a href="/wiki/Gryzonie" title="Gryzonie">gryzoni</a> jest kulista<sup id="cite_ref-Sowa_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sowa-4">[4]</a></sup>. </p><p>W centrum soczewki znajduje się jądro soczewki (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <em lang="la">nucleus lentis</em>)<sup id="cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Przespolewska-2">[2]</a></sup> Jądro składa się z warstw powstających w kolejnych etapach życia człowieka – środkową warstwę stanowi jądro zarodkowe, na nim powstaje jądro płodowe, następnie jądro dziecięce i jądro dojrzałe (starcze), które jest najbardziej zewnętrzną warstwą jądra soczewki<sup id="cite_ref-Bochenek2018_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bochenek2018-5">[5]</a></sup>. Otoczone jest ono korą soczewki (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <em lang="la">cortex lentis</em>)<sup id="cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Przespolewska-2">[2]</a></sup> która zbudowana jest z wydłużonych (10 mm x 10 µm) komórek pochodzenia <a href="/wiki/Tkanka_nab%C5%82onkowa" title="Tkanka nabłonkowa">nabłonkowego</a> – włókien soczewki (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <em lang="la">fibrae lentis</em><sup id="cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Przespolewska-2">[2]</a></sup>), ułożonych równolegle do powierzchni, w kształt litery V, od krawędzi soczewki poprzez równik do krawędzi<sup id="cite_ref-Sawicki_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sawicki-1">[1]</a></sup>. Komórki te, zwykle pozbawione <a href="/wiki/Organellum" title="Organellum">organelli</a> (czasem posiadają <a href="/wiki/J%C4%85dro_kom%C3%B3rkowe" title="Jądro komórkowe">jądra</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sawicki_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sawicki-1">[1]</a></sup>, niewiele <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrium" title="Mitochondrium">mitochondriów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wakuola" title="Wakuola">wakuole</a> – obecne do czasu osiągnięcia pełnych rozmiarów i dojrzałości przez włókno), wypełnione są <a href="/wiki/Krystalina" title="Krystalina">krystaliną</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sawicki_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sawicki-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Przespolewska-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Komórki te otacza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torebka_soczewki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torebka soczewki (strona nie istnieje)">torebka soczewki</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <em lang="la">capsula lentis</em>) cienka, bezkomórkowa struktura<sup id="cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Przespolewska-2">[2]</a></sup>, zbudowana z błon zbudowanych z <a href="/wiki/Proteoglikany" title="Proteoglikany">proteoglikanów</a> i włókien <a href="/wiki/Kolagen" title="Kolagen">kolagenowych</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sawicki_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sawicki-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Na przedniej powierzchni soczewki, między torebką soczewki a włóknami soczewki znajduje się nabłonek soczewki (<a href="/wiki/Nab%C5%82onek_jednowarstwowy_sze%C5%9Bcienny" title="Nabłonek jednowarstwowy sześcienny">nabłonek jednowarstwowy sześcienny</a>) umożliwiający odnowę soczewki za sprawą zdolnych do podziałów komórek z okolicy równika<sup id="cite_ref-Sawicki_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sawicki-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Soczewka zawieszona jest na włóknach, zwanych <a href="/wiki/Obw%C3%B3dka_rz%C4%99skowa" title="Obwódka rzęskowa">obwódką rzęskową</a>, które ją umocowują do pierścieniowatego <a href="/wiki/Cia%C5%82o_rz%C4%99skowe" title="Ciało rzęskowe">ciała rzęskowego</a><sup id="cite_ref-Urbanowicz_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urbanowicz-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Przespolewska-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Jej podstawowe zadanie to umożliwienie ostrego widzenia obiektów położonych w różnej odległości za sprawą zmiany przedniej<sup id="cite_ref-Krzymowski_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krzymowski-3">[3]</a></sup> krzywizny – <a href="/wiki/Akomodacja_oka" title="Akomodacja oka">akomodacja</a><sup id="cite_ref-Urbanowicz_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urbanowicz-6">[6]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soczewka_(anatomia)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soczewka_(anatomia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sawicki-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sawicki_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sawicki_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sawicki_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sawicki_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sawicki_1-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sawicki_1-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sawicki_1-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wojciech. Sawicki: <i>Histologia</i>. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, 2009, s. 407-408. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788320041033" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788320041033">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-200-4103-3</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histologia&rft.aulast=Sawicki&rft.aufirst=Wojciech.&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Lekarskie+PZWL&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=407-408&rft.isbn=978-83-200-4103-3"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Przespolewska-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Przespolewska_2-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Helena Przespolewska: <i>Podstawy anatomii zwierząt domowych</i>. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo „Wieś Jutra”, 2009, s. 166. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8389503670" title="Specjalna:Książki/8389503670">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-89503-67-0</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Podstawy+anatomii+zwierz%C4%85t+domowych&rft.aulast=Przespolewska&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+%E2%80%9EWie%C5%9B+Jutra%E2%80%9D&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=166&rft.isbn=83-89503-67-0"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krzymowski-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krzymowski_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krzymowski_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tadeusz Krzymowski, Jadwiga Przała: <i>Fizjologia zwierząt : podręcznik dla studentów wydziałów medycyny weterynaryjnej, wydziałów biologii i hodowli zwierząt akademii rolniczych i uniwersytetów: praca zbiorowa</i>. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, 2005, s. 228-230. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8309017928" title="Specjalna:Książki/8309017928">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-09-01792-8</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fizjologia+zwierz%C4%85t+%3A+podr%C4%99cznik+dla+student%C3%B3w+wydzia%C5%82%C3%B3w+medycyny+weterynaryjnej%2C+wydzia%C5%82%C3%B3w+biologii+i+hodowli+zwierz%C4%85t+akademii+rolniczych+i+uniwersytet%C3%B3w%3A+praca+zbiorowa&rft.aulast=Krzymowski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowe+Wydawnictwo+Rolnicze+i+Le%C5%9Bne&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=228-230&rft.isbn=83-09-01792-8"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sowa-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sowa_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sowa_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sowa_4-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marzena Popielarska-Konieczna: <i>Słownik szkolny : biologia</i>. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Zielona Sowa, 2003, s. 470. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8373890963" title="Specjalna:Książki/8373890963">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-7389-096-3</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+szkolny+%3A+biologia&rft.aulast=Popielarska-Konieczna&rft.aufirst=Marzena&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Zielona+Sowa&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=470&rft.isbn=83-7389-096-3"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bochenek2018-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bochenek2018_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bochenek2018_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Adam</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Adam" style="display:none">A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Bochenek</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Adam</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Adam">A.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Michał</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Michał" style="display:none">M.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Reicher</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Michał</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Michał">M.</span></span>, <i>Anatomia człowieka. Tom V. Układ nerwowy obwodowy. Układ nerwowy autonomiczny. Powłoka wspólna. Narządy zmysłów</i>, wyd. VI, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, 2018, s. 546–553, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788320032581" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788320032581">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-200-3258-1</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.edition=VI&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.aulast=Bochenek&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-83-200-3258-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Anatomia+cz%C5%82owieka.+Tom+V.+Uk%C5%82ad+nerwowy+obwodowy.+Uk%C5%82ad+nerwowy+autonomiczny.+Pow%C5%82oka+wsp%C3%B3lna.+Narz%C4%85dy+zmys%C5%82%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Lekarskie+PZWL" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Urbanowicz-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Urbanowicz_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Urbanowicz_6-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Urbanowicz_6-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zygmunt Urbanowicz: <i>Mała encyklopedia anatomii człowieka</i>. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Czelej, 2003, s. 516. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8389309092" title="Specjalna:Książki/8389309092">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-89309-09-2</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ma%C5%82a+encyklopedia+anatomii+cz%C5%82owieka&rft.aulast=Urbanowicz&rft.aufirst=Zygmunt&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Czelej&rft.place=Lublin&rft.pages=516&rft.isbn=83-89309-09-2"></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); margin-top: 10px; padding: 7px 10px 4px 15px; text-align:left; font-size:95%; clear:both;" class="zastrzezenia"> <p><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Medical_Alert_Symbol_Star_of_life.svg/20px-Medical_Alert_Symbol_Star_of_life.svg.png" 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Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Oko&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Anatomia_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Anatomia człowieka">Anatomia człowieka</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oko" title="Oko">oko</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1 – <a href="/wiki/Tward%C3%B3wka_(anatomia)" title="Twardówka (anatomia)">twardówka</a></li> <li>2 – <a href="/wiki/Cia%C5%82o_rz%C4%99skowe" title="Ciało rzęskowe">ciało rzęskowe</a></li> <li>3 – <a href="/wiki/T%C4%99cz%C3%B3wka" title="Tęczówka">tęczówka</a></li> <li>4 – <a href="/wiki/Ciecz_wodnista" title="Ciecz wodnista">ciecz wodnista</a></li> <li>5 – <a href="/wiki/O%C5%9B_optyczna" title="Oś optyczna">oś optyczna</a></li> <li>6 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%C5%9B_widzenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oś widzenia (strona nie istnieje)">oś widzenia</a></li> <li>7 – <a href="/wiki/Rog%C3%B3wka" title="Rogówka">rogówka</a></li> <li>8 – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">soczewka</a></li> <li>9 – <a href="/wiki/Naczyni%C3%B3wka" title="Naczyniówka">naczyniówka</a></li> <li>10 – <a href="/wiki/Nerw_wzrokowy" title="Nerw wzrokowy">nerw wzrokowy</a></li> <li>11 – <a href="/wiki/Plamka_%C5%9Blepa" title="Plamka ślepa">plamka ślepa</a></li> <li>12 – dołek środkowy (<a href="/wiki/Plamka_%C5%BC%C3%B3%C5%82ta" title="Plamka żółta">plamka żółta</a>)</li> <li>13 – <a href="/wiki/Siatk%C3%B3wka_(anatomia)" title="Siatkówka (anatomia)">siatkówka</a></li> <li>14 – <a href="/wiki/Cia%C5%82o_szkliste" title="Ciało szkliste">ciało szkliste</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Eye_in_cross-section.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Przekrój podłużny przez ludzką gałkę oczną"><img alt="Przekrój podłużny przez ludzką gałkę oczną" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Eye_in_cross-section.svg/130px-Eye_in_cross-section.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Eye_in_cross-section.svg/195px-Eye_in_cross-section.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Eye_in_cross-section.svg/260px-Eye_in_cross-section.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="468" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid 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