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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC" title="ليو تشيانجدونج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليو تشيانجدونج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Qiangdong" title="Liu Qiangdong – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liu Qiangdong" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="لیو کیانگدون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیو کیانگدون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Qiangdong" title="Liu Qiangdong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liu Qiangdong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%98%EC%B0%BD%EB%91%A5" title="류창둥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="류창둥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC" title="ليو كيانجدونج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليو كيانجدونج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%BC%B7%E6%9D%B1" title="劉強東 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="劉強東" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Richard Liu" redirects here. For the Singaporean actor, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Low" title="Richard Low">Richard Low</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Liu" title="Liu">Liu</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Liu Qiangdong</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Liu_Qiangdong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Liu_Qiangdong.jpg/250px-Liu_Qiangdong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Liu_Qiangdong.jpg/330px-Liu_Qiangdong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Liu_Qiangdong.jpg/500px-Liu_Qiangdong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1973-03-10</span>) </span>10 March 1973<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 52)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, China</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renmin_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Renmin University">Renmin University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/China_Europe_International_Business_School" title="China Europe International Business School">China Europe International Business School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Founder and chairman, <a href="/wiki/JD.com" title="JD.com">JD.com</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zetian" title="Zhang Zetian">Zhang Zetian</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="1 October 2015">2015</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:劉">劉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:強">強</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:東">東</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:刘">刘</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BC%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:强">强</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Liú Qiángdōng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄌㄧㄡˊㄑㄧㄤˊㄉㄨㄥ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Liu QiangDong</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Liu Qiangdong (Richard)</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">刘强东</span>; born March 10, 1973)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vample_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vample-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Internet_entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet entrepreneur">Internet entrepreneur</a>. Liu founded JD Multimedia as a <a href="/wiki/Business-to-consumer" class="mw-redirect" title="Business-to-consumer">business-to-consumer</a> single retail store for magneto-optical products in June 1998 and later moved the company into an <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a> website known as JD.com (also known as Jingdong) in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdstorybook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liu is the company's former chief executive officer and now chairman, expanding its e-commerce products from selling consumer electronics to less specialized items. Under his leadership, JD.com has become the largest retailer in China.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>, Liu's net worth is US$4.9 billion as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Qiangdong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liu Qiangdong was born on March 10, 1973, in <a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a>, Jiangsu province.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vample_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vample-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from primary school in the Jiangsu province and enrolled in the department of sociology in the <a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin University of China</a> 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from Renmin University with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">Bachelor of Laws</a> with a major in sociology in 1996. He received an executive <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a> from <a href="/wiki/China_Europe_International_Business_School" title="China Europe International Business School">China Europe International Business School</a> in Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-jd_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jd-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a college student, Liu invested his income earned from programming work and family loans into a restaurant venture. The business failed in a few months, losing more than RMB200,000, which left Liu in debt.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Qiangdong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduation, Liu was employed by Japan Life, a Japanese health product enterprise, and successively served as the director for computers, the director for business, and the logistics supervisor.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1998, he started his own business Jingdong in Zhongguancun High-tech Industrial Park in Beijing as a distributor of magneto-optical products, focusing on selling authorized products when counterfeit products were widely sold.<sup id="cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdstorybook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> Liu opened 12 brick-and-mortar stores under the Jingdong brand by 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">SARS</a> outbreak in 2003 kept staff and clients of Jingdong at home and forced Liu to rethink the business model and divert to online business. Due to the outbreak, Liu's business lost over 8 million <a href="/wiki/Yuan_(currency)" title="Yuan (currency)">yuan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdstorybook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> Liu launched his first online retail website in 2004, and founded <a href="/wiki/JD.com" title="JD.com">JD.com</a> (short form for Jingdong) later that year. In 2005, Liu closed off all brick-and-mortar stores and became an e-commerce business. </p><p>In 2005, Liu received an offer to sell JD.com for 18 million yuan, which he rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdstorybook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 27">: 27 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Liu employed a full-category strategy for JD.com, changing the company's business model from selling consumer electronics to large variety of goods.<sup id="cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdstorybook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xiii">: xiii </span></sup> The company has become one of the leading e-commerce businesses in China. JD.com has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> because of similar business models,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Liu has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Self-made_man" title="Self-made man">self-made individual</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-financial_times_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-financial_times-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>JD.com applied to go public in the US in January 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liu raised $1.8 billion with a public listing on the Nasdaq in May the same year, and JD.com became the largest IPO for a Chinese internet company traded in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 May 2014, the stock price rose about 15%.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JD.com is the third largest internet-company in the world (by revenue) and is the largest e-commerce company in China.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, Lei Xu became CEO of JD.com, and Liu stepped into the role of chairman, continuing to focus on the company’s long-term strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sandy Ran Xu became CEO of JD.com in May 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a livestream in April 2024, JD.com introduced an AI digital representative of Liu, nicknamed “procurement and sales manager Brother Dong (采销东哥).” Liu’s avatar appeared in both JD Home Appliances and JD Supermarket’s livestreaming rooms, attracting over 20 million views within the first hour and generating RMB 50 million in sales throughout the entire livestream.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Qiangdong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, Liu volunteered as part of <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a> efforts and drove to <a href="/wiki/Pingwu_County" title="Pingwu County">Pingwu County</a> to help the victims of the <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan earthquake">Sichuan earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdstorybook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104">: 104 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2013, when JD.com was relatively small with “only 38 employees,” Liu and the company went to <a href="/wiki/Jingle_County" title="Jingle County">Jingle County</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> to sponsor the education of underprivileged children.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2020, Liu and Zhang Zetian announced a donation through the China Charity Federation that included 5 million masks, 50 invasive ventilators and more than 600,000 pieces of protective medical supplies to the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same month, Liu donated over 160,000 pieces of medical supplies to <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> as well as 800,000 masks to <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2022, Liu pledged to donate his JD.com shares, currently worth $2.3 billion, to charity.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, Liu personally donated 100 million RMB, which was matched by the company and its subsidiaries, to a housing security and relief fund that will provide for the families of JD.com employees in the event of the employees’ death or injury.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liu and his wife Zhang Zetian established the Tian-Qiang Charitable Fund. The Fund co-launched a children’s books donation campaign “Starlight Transmission” program in 2023, which has donated books to more than 100 primary schools in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Qiangdong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2015, Liu Qiangdong married <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zetian" title="Zhang Zetian">Zhang Zetian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their relationship started in early 2014 when Liu studied at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and Zhang was an exchange student at <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a>, affiliated with Columbia University.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Quartr_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quartr-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Growing up, his family lived in poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-Quartr_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quartr-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liu and his wife, Zhang Zetian, returned to his hometown <a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a> for the 2015 Spring Festival, gifting over 650 elderly villagers with red envelopes. They have continued this tradition, sending regular Spring Festival gift packages filled with food, clothing and daily necessities to the villagers.<sup id="cite_ref-Baijiahao_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baijiahao-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 31, 2018, Liu was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, with the charge of <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsj2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qing_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qing-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local police found "no substance to the claim against Mr. Liu".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scmp2_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, three law firms filed <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class-action lawsuits</a> against JD.com, alleging that the company “failed to disclose pertinent information” about Liu’s arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp2_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liu's attorneys denied any wrongdoing<sup id="cite_ref-wsj2_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and claimed that the charges are not supported by evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 16, 2019, a student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, formally filed a civil lawsuit against Liu Qiangdong, claiming he sexually assaulted her.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, a settlement was reached, and the situation was handled outside of court.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, Liu initiated the “Sending New Year’s Gifts to Villagers” campaign, ordering over 1000 down jackets and gift boxes to LaiLongzhen, Suqian. These goods reached over 1,300 households in Guangming Village, his hometown.<sup id="cite_ref-Baijiahao_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baijiahao-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Qiangdong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSECJD.com" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a>; <a href="/wiki/JD.com" title="JD.com">JD.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1549802/000104746914002636/a2218967zex-3_1.htm">"THE COMPANIES LAW EXEMPTED COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION OF JD.COM, INC"</a>. <i>SEC.gov</i>. SEC. Page 5 shows Liu's Chinese ID number which indicates that his date of birth is 10 March 1973<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SEC.gov&rft.atitle=THE+COMPANIES+LAW+EXEMPTED+COMPANY+LIMITED+BY+SHARES+SECOND+AMENDED+AND+RESTATED+MEMORANDUM+OF+ASSOCIATION+OF+JD.COM%2C+INC.&rft.pages=Page+5+shows+Liu%27s+Chinese+ID+number+which+indicates+that+his+date+of+birth+is+10+March+1973&rft.au=SEC&rft.au=JD.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1549802%2F000104746914002636%2Fa2218967zex-3_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYin2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yin, Feng (2014). <bdi lang="zh">京东的秘密：刘强东和他的京东商城</bdi> [<i>The secret of Jingdong: Liu Qiangdong and his Jingdong Mall</i>] (in Chinese). Guangdong Travel & Tourism Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787807669005" title="Special:BookSources/9787807669005"><bdi>9787807669005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%9C%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%98%E5%BC%BA%E4%B8%9C%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%9C%E5%95%86%E5%9F%8E&rft.pub=Guangdong+Travel+%26+Tourism+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9787807669005&rft.aulast=Yin&rft.aufirst=Feng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180902151739/http://www.acfic.org.cn/ldzc_311/mjshfhz/201711/t20171128_46413.html">"Liu Qiangdong"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Industry_and_Commerce" title="All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce">All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce</a></i> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acfic.org.cn/ldzc_311/mjshfhz/201711/t20171128_46413.html">the original</a> on 2018-09-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All-China+Federation+of+Industry+and+Commerce&rft.atitle=Liu+Qiangdong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acfic.org.cn%2Fldzc_311%2Fmjshfhz%2F201711%2Ft20171128_46413.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJ-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShan_Lee2018" class="citation web cs1">Shan Lee (September 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/billionaire-head-of-chinas-jd-com-arrested-in-minnesota-1535885060">"Chinese Billionaire Released by Minnesota Police After Arrest on Alleged Sexual Misconduct"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Chinese+Billionaire+Released+by+Minnesota+Police+After+Arrest+on+Alleged+Sexual+Misconduct&rft.date=2018-09-02&rft.au=Shan+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fbillionaire-head-of-chinas-jd-com-arrested-in-minnesota-1535885060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vample-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vample_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vample_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vample.com/ebooks/Liu.Qiangdong.Rape.Case.18-294338-Full_Redacted.pdf">"Liu Qiangdong Case"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Vample</i>. August 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vample&rft.atitle=Liu+Qiangdong+Case&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvample.com%2Febooks%2FLiu.Qiangdong.Rape.Case.18-294338-Full_Redacted.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jdstorybook-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jdstorybook_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhigang2016" class="citation book cs1">Zhigang, Li (2016). <i>The JD.com Story</i>. LID Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781910649718" title="Special:BookSources/9781910649718"><bdi>9781910649718</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+JD.com+Story&rft.pub=LID+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781910649718&rft.aulast=Zhigang&rft.aufirst=Li&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.163.com/11/0117/08/6QJAM8N200254L5E.html">"刘强东：电子商务现在正是到了泡沫期"</a> (in Chinese). 网易财经. 2011-01-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%88%98%E5%BC%BA%E4%B8%9C%EF%BC%9A%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E6%98%AF%E5%88%B0%E4%BA%86%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB%E6%9C%9F&rft.pub=%E7%BD%91%E6%98%93%E8%B4%A2%E7%BB%8F&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.163.com%2F11%2F0117%2F08%2F6QJAM8N200254L5E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecommercedb.com/ranking/stores/cn/all?page=1&pagesize=50&specialist=all&currency=USD">"Top eCommerce stores in Greater China"</a>. <i>ECDB</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Forbes+profile%3A+Liu+Qiangdong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Fliu-qiangdong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlannery" class="citation news cs1">Flannery, Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2017/10/05/china-billionaires-24-year-old-wife-boosts-jd-coms-fashion-growth/#131920f91193">"China Billionaire's 24-Year-Old Wife Boosts JD.com's Fashion Growth"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=China+Billionaire%27s+24-Year-Old+Wife+Boosts+JD.com%27s+Fashion+Growth&rft.aulast=Flannery&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Frussellflannery%2F2017%2F10%2F05%2Fchina-billionaires-24-year-old-wife-boosts-jd-coms-fashion-growth%2F%23131920f91193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/liu-qiangdong/">"Richard Liu"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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April 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Business&rft.atitle=College+student+sues+JD.com+CEO+Richard+Liu+over+alleged+rape&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F04%2F17%2Fbusiness%2Fjd-richard-liu-jingyao-liu%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYuan2019" class="citation web cs1">Yuan, Li (2019-12-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/13/business/liu-jingyao-interview-richard-liu.html?">"She Accused a Tech Billionaire of Rape. The Chinese Internet Turned Against Her. - The New York Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191215164144/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/13/business/liu-jingyao-interview-richard-liu.html?algo=top_conversion&fellback=true&imp_id=0&imp_id=164331470&action=click&module=editorsPicks&pgtype=Article&region=Footer">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=High-profile+China+%23MeToo+case+settled+in+US+out+of+court&rft.date=2022-10-03&rft.au=Helen+Davidson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Foct%2F03%2Fchina-metoo-case-liu-jingyao-liu-quangdong-settled-in-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Qiangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Qiangdong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liu_Qiangdong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Liu Qiangdong">Liu Qiangdong</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Liu_Qiangdong" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Liu Qiangdong">Liu Qiangdong</a> at Wikiquote</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ffcc66;">Business positions </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> CEO of <a href="/wiki/JD.com" title="JD.com">Jingdong</a> </b><br />2005–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Xu Lei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">徐雷</span></span>)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:JD.com" title="Template:JD.com"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:JD.com" title="Template talk:JD.com"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:JD.com" title="Special:EditPage/Template:JD.com"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="JD.com28" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/JD.com" title="JD.com">JD.com</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liu Qiangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zetian" title="Zhang Zetian">Zhang Zetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hsieh" title="Louis Hsieh">Louis Hsieh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JD_Gaming" title="JD Gaming">JD Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Health" title="JD Health">JD Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Logistics" title="JD Logistics">JD Logistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DingDong" title="DingDong">DingDong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Asia_No_1_Warehouse" title="JD Asia No 1 Warehouse">JD Asia No 1 Warehouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8991047#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata697" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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