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id="toc-The_History_of_the_Kings_of_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Brut_Tysilio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Brut_Tysilio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>The <i>Brut Tysilio</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Brut_Tysilio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Iolo_Manuscripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Iolo_Manuscripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>The <i>Iolo Manuscripts</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Iolo_Manuscripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Tale_of_Taliesin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Tale_of_Taliesin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>The <i>Tale of Taliesin</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Tale_of_Taliesin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Chronicle_of_the_Scottish_Nation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Chronicle_of_the_Scottish_Nation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>The <i>Chronicle of the Scottish Nation</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Chronicle_of_the_Scottish_Nation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Pictish_king_Bridei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Pictish_king_Bridei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>The Pictish king Bridei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Pictish_king_Bridei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_fiction"> <div 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maelgwn Gwynedd</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maelgwn Gwynedd" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maelgwn Gwynedd" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maelgwn Gwynedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Hir_ap_Cadwallon" title="Maelgwn Hir ap Cadwallon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maelgwn Hir ap Cadwallon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maelgwn Gwynedd" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maelgwn Gwynedd" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maelgwn Gwynedd" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_ap_Cadwallon" title="Maelgwn ap Cadwallon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maelgwn ap Cadwallon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglocunus" title="Maglocunus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maglocunus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn" title="Maelgwn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maelgwn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maelgwn Gwynedd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Майлгун ап Кадваллон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Майлгун ап Кадваллон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maelgwn Gwynedd" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maelgwn Gwynedd" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мелгун Гвінед – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мелгун Гвінед" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of Gwynedd from c. 520 to c. 547</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:History_of_the_Kings_(f.96.v)_Maelgwn_Gwynedd_Detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/History_of_the_Kings_%28f.96.v%29_Maelgwn_Gwynedd_Detail.jpg/220px-History_of_the_Kings_%28f.96.v%29_Maelgwn_Gwynedd_Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/History_of_the_Kings_%28f.96.v%29_Maelgwn_Gwynedd_Detail.jpg/330px-History_of_the_Kings_%28f.96.v%29_Maelgwn_Gwynedd_Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/History_of_the_Kings_%28f.96.v%29_Maelgwn_Gwynedd_Detail.jpg/440px-History_of_the_Kings_%28f.96.v%29_Maelgwn_Gwynedd_Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>History of the Kings, Maelgwn Gwynedd</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Maelgwn Gwynedd</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Maglocunus</i>; died c. 547)<sup id="cite_ref-Phillimore_1888_155_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillimore_1888_155-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Gwynedd" title="List of rulers of Gwynedd">King of Gwynedd</a> during the early 6th century. Surviving records suggest he held a pre-eminent position among the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Brythonic</a> kings in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and their allies in the "<a href="/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" title="Hen Ogledd">Old North</a>" along the <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish coast</a>. Maelgwn was a generous supporter of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, funding the foundation of churches throughout Wales and even far beyond the bounds of his own kingdom. Nonetheless, his principal legacy today is the scathing account of his behavior recorded in <i><a href="/wiki/De_Excidio_et_Conquestu_Britanniae" title="De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae">De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a>, who considered Maelgwn a usurper and reprobate. The son of <a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_Lawhir_ap_Einion" title="Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion">Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion</a> and great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Cunedda" title="Cunedda">Cunedda</a>, Maelgwn was buried on <i><a href="/wiki/Ynys_Seiriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynys Seiriol">Ynys Seiriol</a></i> (now known as <a href="/wiki/Puffin_Island_(Anglesey)" title="Puffin Island (Anglesey)">Puffin Island</a> in English), off the eastern tip of <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, having died of the "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow plague</a>"; quite probably the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian" title="Plague of Justinian">Plague of Justinian</a> in Britain. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Maelgwn</i> (IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">/mɑːɨlgʊn/</a>) in a <a href="/wiki/Middle_Welsh" title="Middle Welsh">Middle Welsh</a> name meaning "Princely Hound". Attested in Latin as <i>Maglocunus</i> in Gildas' <a href="/wiki/De_Excidio_et_Conquestu_Britanniae" title="De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae">De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae</a>, it derives from a <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Common Brittonic</a> form reconstructed as *<i>Maglo-kunos</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compound</a> composed of the root *<i>maglo</i>- (MW. <i>mael</i>) meaning "prince", attached to *<i>cun-</i> (<i>cwn</i>), an old <a href="/wiki/Oblique_case" title="Oblique case">oblique case</a> root of <i>*cū</i> (<i>ci</i>), meaning "hound, dog". As the word for "hound" was sometimes used as a <a href="/wiki/Kenning" title="Kenning">kenning</a> for warriors in early Welsh poetry, the name may also be translated as 'Princely Warrior'.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">collapse of Roman authority in Britain</a>, north Wales was invaded and colonized by <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic tribes</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Ireland</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The kingdom of Gwynedd began with the reconquest of the coast by northern <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a> under the command of Maelgwn's great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/Cunedda" title="Cunedda">Cunedda</a>. Three generations later, Maelgwn's father <a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_Lawhir_ap_Einion" title="Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion">Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion</a> completed the process by destroying the last Irish settlements on <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>. Maelgwn was the first king to enjoy the fruits of his family's conquest and he is considered the founder of the medieval kingdom's royal family. He is thus most commonly referenced by appending the name of the kingdom to his own: Maelgwn Gwynedd. </p><p>By tradition, his <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">llys</a></i> (English: <span lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">royal court</a></span>, literally <a href="/wiki/Hall" title="Hall">hall</a>) was located at <a href="/wiki/Deganwy" title="Deganwy">Deganwy</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Creuddyn_Peninsula" title="Creuddyn Peninsula">Creuddyn Peninsula</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhos_(North_Wales)" title="Rhos (North Wales)">Rhos</a>. Tradition also holds that he died at nearby <a href="/wiki/Llanrhos" title="Llanrhos">Llanrhos</a>, and was buried there.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other traditions say that he was buried at <i><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Island_(Anglesey)" title="Puffin Island (Anglesey)">Ynys Seiriol</a></i> (English: <span lang="en">Island of St. Seiriol, Puffin Island</span>), off easternmost <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>. There are no historical records to confirm or deny these traditions. </p><p>Historical records of this early era are scant. Maelgwn appears in the royal genealogies of the <a href="/wiki/Harleian_genealogies" title="Harleian genealogies">Harleian genealogies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Genealogies_from_Jesus_College_MS_20" title="Genealogies from Jesus College MS 20">Jesus College MS. 20</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Hengwrt MS. 202</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His death in a "great mortality" of 547 is noted in the <i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae">Annales Cambriae</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Phillimore_1888_155_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillimore_1888_155-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tradition holds that he died of the "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">Yellow Plague</a>" (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">dylyt melen</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-wade-evans_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wade-evans-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) of <a href="/wiki/Rhos_(North_Wales)" title="Rhos (North Wales)">Rhos</a>, but this is based on one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Triads</a></i> that was written much later. The record says only that it was a "great mortality", which followed the outbreak of the great <a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian" title="Plague of Justinian">Plague of Justinian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> by a few years. </p><p>Maelgwn was a generous contributor to the cause of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> throughout <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. He made donations to support saints <a href="/wiki/Brynach" title="Brynach">Brynach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dyfed" title="Kingdom of Dyfed">Dyfed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadoc" title="Cadoc">Cadoc</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gwynllwg" title="Gwynllwg">Gwynllwg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cybi" title="Cybi">Cybi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Anglesey" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padarn" title="Padarn">Padarn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ceredigion" title="Ceredigion">Ceredigion</a>, and Tydecho in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bangor_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bangor-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also associated with the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a>, but hard evidence of this is lacking.<sup id="cite_ref-bangor_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bangor-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1723 <i>Mona Antiqua Restaurata</i>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rowlands" title="Henry Rowlands">Henry Rowlands</a> asserts that Bangor was raised to an <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">episcopal see</a> by Maelgwn in 550, but he provides no source for the assertion.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only contemporary information about the person is provided by <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a>, who includes Maelgwn among the five British kings whom he condemns in allegorical terms in his <i><a href="/wiki/De_Excidio_et_Conquestu_Britanniae" title="De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae">De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae</a></i>. He says Maelgwn held a regional pre-eminence among the other four kings, going on to say that he overthrew his paternal uncle (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">avunculus</i>) to gain the throne; that he had taken up life as a monk but then returned to the secular world; that he had been married and divorced, then remarried to the widow of his nephew after being responsible for his nephew's death; and that he was tall.<sup id="cite_ref-Giles_1841_29–32_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giles_1841_29–32-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Giles_1847_248–250_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giles_1847_248–250-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""High_king""><span id=".22High_king.22"></span>"High king"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "High king""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="High_king"></span> </p><p>The evidence suggests that Maelgwn held a pre-eminent position over the regions ruled by the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Cunedda" title="Cunedda">Cunedda</a>, perhaps in the sense of a regional <a href="/wiki/High_king" title="High king">high king</a>. There is nothing to suggest that Maelgwn held sway over any larger area. Gildas says as much in his condemnation, saying he held a pre-eminence over the other four kings similarly condemned, and also describing him as the "dragon of the island",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Anglesey" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Anglesey">Isle of Anglesey</a> is the ancient stronghold of the kings of Gwynedd. </p><p>The fact that Maelgwn's donations to religious foundations are not restricted to the Kingdom of Gwynedd but are spread throughout northern and southern Wales in the regions where the descendants of Cunedda held sway implies that Maelgwn had a responsibility to those regions beyond the responsibilities of a king to his own kingdom. </p><p>While the context is not definitive, <a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a> also implies it, in his <i>Marwnad Rhun</i> (English: <span lang="en">Elegy of Rhun</span>) that laments the death of Maelgwn's son <a href="/wiki/Rhun_Hir_ap_Maelgwn" title="Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn">Rhun</a>, where he says that Rhun's death is "the fall of the court and girdle of Cunedda".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gildas">Gildas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gildas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Britain.circa.540.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Britain.circa.540.jpg/241px-Britain.circa.540.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Britain.circa.540.jpg/362px-Britain.circa.540.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Britain.circa.540.jpg/482px-Britain.circa.540.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="2814" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In his work <i><a href="/wiki/De_Excidio_et_Conquestu_Britanniae" title="De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae">On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain</a></i> written c. 540, <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a> makes an allegorical condemnation of five British kings by likening them to the beasts of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> 13:2 — the lion, leopard, bear and dragon, with the dragon supreme among them.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He says that Maelgwn is the "dragon of the island", and goes on with a litany of moral accusations, in the process describing him almost as a regional high king over the other kings (the power-giving dragon of the Apocalypse). The <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Anglesey" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Anglesey">Isle of Anglesey</a> was the base of power of the kings of Gwynedd, so describing Maelgwn as the "dragon of the island" is appropriate.<sup id="cite_ref-Giles_1841_29–32_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giles_1841_29–32-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Giles_1847_248–250_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giles_1847_248–250-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gildas restricts his attention to the kings of Gwynedd (Maelgwn), <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dyfed" title="Kingdom of Dyfed">Dyfed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vortiporius" title="Vortiporius">Vortiporius</a>), <a href="/wiki/Penllyn,_Gwynedd" title="Penllyn, Gwynedd">Penllyn</a> (probable, as its king <a href="/wiki/Cuneglasus" title="Cuneglasus">Cuneglasus</a> (Cynlas) appears in royal genealogies associated with the region),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Damnonii" title="Damnonii">Damnonia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Alt Clud</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> (Constantine), and the unknown region associated with Caninus. Gwynedd is associated with the conquest of the Gaels by <a href="/wiki/Cunedda" title="Cunedda">Cunedda</a>, while Alt Clud had a long and ongoing relationship with Gwynedd and its kings. </p><p>In the course of his condemnations, Gildas makes passing reference to the other beasts mentioned in the Apocalypse, such as the eagle, serpent, calf and wolf. The reason for Gildas' disaffection for these individuals is unknown. He was selective in his choice of kings, as he had no comments concerning the kings of the other British kingdoms that were thriving at the time, such as <a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gododdin" title="Gododdin">Gododdin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elmet" title="Elmet">Elmet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pengwern" title="Pengwern">Pengwern/Powys</a>, or the kingdoms of modern-day southern <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. That he chose only the kings associated with one king's pre-eminence (Maelgwn, the "dragon") suggests a reason other than his claim of moral outrage over personal depravity. Neither outrage nor a doctrinal dispute would seem to justify beginning the condemnation of the five kings with a personal attack against the mother of one of the kings, calling her an "unclean lioness".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_record">Literary record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Literary record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a> says that "the great king Mailcun reigned among the Britons, i.e., in Gwynedd". He adds that Maelgwn's ancestor <a href="/wiki/Cunedda" title="Cunedda">Cunedda</a> arrived in Gwynedd 146 years before Maelgwn's reign, coming from <a href="/wiki/Manaw_Gododdin" title="Manaw Gododdin">Manaw Gododdin</a>, and expelled the <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a> [i.e., the <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a>] with great slaughter.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maelgwn appears once in the <i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a></i>: In the "Three Tribal Thrones of the Island of Britain", which describes three seats of power, each ruled by Arthur, Maelgwn is Arthur's Chief of Elders in Mynyw (<a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a>). The pestilence that killed him also appears as one of the "Three Dreadful Pestilences of the Isle of Britain". It is described as the Yellow Plague of <a href="/wiki/Rhos_(North_Wales)" title="Rhos (North Wales)">Rhos</a>, originating from the carcasses of the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is an incidental mention of Maelgwn in the song <i>To Maenwyn</i> found in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Book_of_Hergest" title="Red Book of Hergest">Red Book of Hergest</a> and attributed to <a href="/wiki/Llywarch_Hen" title="Llywarch Hen">Llywarch Hen</a>. The steward (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">maer</i>) Maenwyn is encouraged to resist a command to surrender his post and show his fidelity to Maelgwn.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Llandaff" title="Book of Llandaff">Book of Llandaff</a>, compiled c. 1125, Maelgwn Gwynedd is claimed to be one of the benefactors of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Llandaff" title="Diocese of Llandaff">Diocese of Llandaff</a> in its early years.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the specific places mentioned is at Louhai (<a href="/wiki/Tintern" title="Tintern">Tintern</a> parva, some six miles north of <a href="/wiki/Chepstow" title="Chepstow">Chepstow</a>), where Maelgwn is claimed as a secular witness to its donation.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Black_Book_of_Carmarthen" title="Black Book of Carmarthen">Black Book of Carmarthen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dormarch" title="Dormarch">Dormarch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwyn_ap_Nudd" title="Gwyn ap Nudd">Gwyn ap Nudd</a>'s favourite hound, is recorded as previously belonging to Maelgwn Gwynedd. This is significant in relation to the mythological role of his new master in the <a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fictional_tradition">Fictional tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fictional tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a famous king of the past, Maelgwn's name figures strongly in Welsh legend. It is used more often than most in questionable accounts of history and in genuine efforts at history that either invent fictions of their own or repeat the fictions of others as though they were true. Some of the most significant sources of misinformation about Maelgwn are: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_History_of_the_Kings_of_Britain">The <i>History of the Kings of Britain</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The History of the Kings of Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>'s 12th century <a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">pseudohistorical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> includes Maelgwn (Malgo) as a character in its account of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a> history. It says that <a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a> was buried at <a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a> on the command of "Malgo, king of the Venedotians",<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that Malgo addicted himself to sodomy,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that he was succeeded by a certain <a href="/wiki/Careticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Careticus">Careticus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It adds that Britain had groaned under the barbarians since the time of Malgo,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that Malgo was the fourth king of Britain after <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Giles_1848_282_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giles_1848_282-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that Malgo had two sons, Ennianus and Runo.<sup id="cite_ref-Giles_1848_282_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giles_1848_282-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars contend that there is no authority for any of this except Geoffrey's fertile imagination. Historically, <a href="/wiki/Rhun_ap_Maelgwn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhun ap Maelgwn">Rhun ap Maelgwn</a> was Maelgwn's son and successor (though this may be the "Runo" Geoffrey refers to). Geoffrey appears to twist <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a>' words to obtain his reference to <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a>. In his condemnation of 5 British kings in the <i>De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae</i>, Gildas refers to <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> as "sodomitical" but never applies that word to any person.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Brut_Tysilio">The <i>Brut Tysilio</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Brut Tysilio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once attributed to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Tysilio" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Tysilio">Saint Tysilio</a> (died 640), the <i>Chronicle of the Kings of Britain</i> was written c. 1500 as an amalgam of earlier versions of the <i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Brenhinedd" title="Brut y Brenhinedd">Brut y Brenhinedd</a></i>, a derivative of Geoffrey of Monmouth's <i>Historia Regum Britanniae</i>. Among its spurious claims is that Maelgwn Gwynedd came to the crown following <a href="/wiki/Vortiporius" title="Vortiporius">Vortiper</a>, that he was succeeded by a certain Caretig, that he was the fourth king of all Britain after <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a>, and that he had two sons, Einion and Rhun.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Iolo_Manuscripts">The <i>Iolo Manuscripts</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Iolo Manuscripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maelgwn Gwynedd is mentioned repeatedly in the spurious 18th century <i>Iolo Manuscripts</i> of <a href="/wiki/Iolo_Morganwg" title="Iolo Morganwg">Iolo Morganwg</a>. His three Chief Bards are named, and he is proclaimed King Paramount over the other kings.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Maelgwn Hir of Llandaff is described, and said to be commonly mistaken for Maelgwn Gwynedd.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a> is said to have been dispossessed of his property by Maelgwn, and so cursed him.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint Eurgain is said to be Maelgwn's daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cwyllog" title="Cwyllog">Saint Cwyllog</a>, daughter of Caw Cawlwyd of <a href="/wiki/Twrcelyn" title="Twrcelyn">Twr Celyn</a>, had been given lands by Maelgwn Gwynedd.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In "The Three Holy Families of the Isle of Britain", there is a story of Caw and his children who had been driven from their lands by the Gwyddelian Picts, and who then came to Wales and were given land in Anglesey by Maelgwn.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without independent and reputable verification, the material found in the <i>Iolo Manuscripts</i> is considered to be the product of Iolo's fertile imagination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Tale_of_Taliesin">The <i>Tale of Taliesin</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Tale of Taliesin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Tale of Taliesin</i> (<i>Hanes Taliesin</i> or <i>Ystoria Taliesin</i>) is a genuine legendary story about <a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a> which is preserved in two principal redactions dating from the mid-16th century and the early 17th century but which probably derives from older sources.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first printed in <a href="/wiki/Lady_Charlotte_Guest" title="Lady Charlotte Guest">Lady Charlotte Guest</a>'s translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a></i>: the notes to that edition are the work of <a href="/wiki/Iolo_Morganwg" title="Iolo Morganwg">Iolo Morganwg</a> and contain inaccuracies and some of his inventions. The story itself tells of events where the Taliesin of legend is placed in difficult or impossible situations but invariably overcomes all obstacles, usually through feats of magic. Maelgwn Gwynedd is conspicuously depicted in a negative light, being foiled in unscrupulous actions of deceit and being outwitted.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The historical Taliesin was actually a contemporary of Maelgwn Gwynedd's son and successor <a href="/wiki/Rhun_Hir_ap_Maelgwn" title="Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn">Rhun</a>. An elegy for Rhun, the <i>Marwnad Rhun</i> (English: <span lang="en">Elegy of Rhun</span>) was once attributed to Taliesin by some scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is now considered to be of later provenance and is no longer accepted as his work.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is nothing to connect the historical Taliesin with Maelgwn Gwynedd, although references to the legend are found in medieval Welsh poems.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Chronicle_of_the_Scottish_Nation">The <i>Chronicle of the Scottish Nation</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Chronicle of the Scottish Nation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the account of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Fordun" title="John of Fordun">John of Fordun</a>'s <i>Chronicle of the Scottish Nation</i>, written c. 1360, a certain "Maglo, King of the Britons" asks for aid from King Aydanus. There is nothing to link Maelgwn Gwynedd to the Pictish king, Fordun's claim notwithstanding. In the next section, Fordun says that later on it is "Cadwallo, King of the Britons" who is receiving aid from King Aydanus.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This story is repeated uncritically in some later histories, and subsequently "Malgo the Briton" is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stephens_(historian)" title="Thomas Stephens (historian)">Thomas Stephens</a>' notes on an 1888 publication of <i><a href="/wiki/Y_Gododdin" title="Y Gododdin">Y Gododdin</a></i>, with the stated suggestion that Maelgwn was an ally of "Aeddan" against the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictish</a> king <a href="/wiki/Bridei_I" title="Bridei I">Bridei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fordun's <i>Chronicle</i> is given as one of Stephens' references. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Pictish_king_Bridei">The Pictish king Bridei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Pictish king Bridei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bridei_I" title="Bridei I">Bridei</a> (died c. 584) was the son of a certain Maelchon (or Melcho, or Maelchú in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> records). Aside from having a similar name, there is nothing that connects the father of Bridei to Maelgwn Gwynedd. </p><p>Of those who have promoted a connection, perhaps the most notable person of late is <a href="/wiki/John_Morris_(historian)" title="John Morris (historian)">John Morris</a> in his <i>Age of Arthur</i>, where he refers in passing and without authority, to "... Bridei, son of Maelgwn, the mighty king of north Wales, ...".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the book has been a commercial success, it is disparaged by historians as an unreliable source of "misleading and misguided" information.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_fiction">Later fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Later fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a famous king of the past, Maelgwn has been associated with unsubstantiated but popular legends and stories throughout history. Modern authors have occasionally used his name as a character in fictional stories. These include the trilogies of <a href="/wiki/Traci_Harding" title="Traci Harding">Traci Harding</a>, Mary Gilgannon's historical novels, and a fantasy novel by <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Tolstoy" title="Nikolai Tolstoy">Nikolai Tolstoy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_children">Family and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Family and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His father was <a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_Lawhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadwallon Lawhir">Cadwallon Lawhir</a> and his mother <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meddyf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meddyf (page does not exist)">Meddyf</a>, a daughter of Maeldaf. He had a brother and nephew,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentioned in Gildas' <i>De Excidio</i>, but they are unnamed. He is given various wives, including Nesta, Sanan (his nephew's wife) and Gwallwyn (possibly his cousin). It is also possible that he impregnated the Pictish princess <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waelgush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waelgush (page does not exist)">Waelgush</a>. </p><p> His children are variously given as:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Alser;</li> <li>Doeg;</li> <li>Einion;</li> <li>Eurgain (daughter);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhun_Hir_ap_Maelgwn" title="Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn">Rhun Hir</a>.</li></ul> <p>It is possible but highly debated whether <a href="/wiki/Bridei_I" title="Bridei I">Bridei I</a> and his sister Domelch were children of Maelgwn. Their father is given as Máelchú,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is the Irish form of Maelgwn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Welsh_monarchs" title="Family tree of Welsh monarchs">Family tree of Welsh monarchs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Phillimore_1888_155-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Phillimore_1888_155_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phillimore_1888_155_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on Phillimore's (1888) reconstruction of the dating of the <i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae">Annales Cambriae</a></i> (A Text).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles-Edwards, T. M.; Wales and the Britons, 350–1064, Oxford University Press, 2013, p. 85–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd1911">Lloyd 1911</a>:129, <i>A History of Wales</i>, Vol. I.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhillimore1888">Phillimore 1888</a>:169–170 – the pedigree is given as: <i>... map Rotri map mermin map etthil merch cinnan map rotri map Intguaul map Catgualart map Catgollaun map Catman map Iacob map Beli map Run map Mailcun map Catgolaun Iauhir map Eniaun girt map Cuneda map AEtern ...</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhillimore1887">Phillimore 1887</a>:87 – the pedigree is given as <i>... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned M. Kadwalla6n lla6hir. M. Einya6n yrth. M. Kuneda wledic.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhillimore1886">Phillimore 1886</a>:133 – katwaladyr vendigeit ap katwalla6n ap katwan ap iago ap beli ap run ap maelg6n g6yned ap einion wwr ap pabo post prydein.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wade-evans-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wade-evans_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWade-Evans1914" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wade-Evans" title="Arthur Wade-Evans">Wade-Evans, A. W.</a> (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LH1YAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA321">"The "Picti" and "Scotti" in the <i>Excidium Brittaniæ</i>"</a>. <i>The Celtic Review</i>. <b>9</b> (36). p.321, n2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F30070302">10.2307/30070302</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30070302">30070302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Celtic+Review&rft.atitle=The+%22Picti%22+and+%22Scotti%22+in+the+Excidium+Brittani%C3%A6&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=p.321%2C+n2&rft.date=1914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F30070302&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30070302%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wade-Evans&rft.aufirst=A.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLH1YAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bangor-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bangor_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bangor_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd1911">Lloyd 1911</a>:130, <i>A History of Wales</i>, Vol. I.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlands1723" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rowlands" title="Henry Rowlands">Rowlands, Henry</a> (1723), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2gFNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA147"><i>Mona Antiqua Restaurata</i></a> (Second ed.), London: J. Knox (published 1766), p. 147</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mona+Antiqua+Restaurata&rft.place=London&rft.pages=147&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=J.+Knox&rft.date=1723&rft.aulast=Rowlands&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2gFNAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giles_1841_29–32-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giles_1841_29–32_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giles_1841_29–32_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1841">Giles 1841</a>:29–32, <i>On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain</i>, sections 33–35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giles_1847_248–250-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giles_1847_248–250_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giles_1847_248–250_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1847">Giles 1847</a>:248–250, <i>De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae</i>, sections 33 – 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1841">Giles 1841</a>:29, <i>On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris-Jones1918">Morris-Jones 1918</a>:209–209–211, Taliesin's <i>Marwnad Rhun</i> (English: <span lang="en">Elegy of Rhun</span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1884" class="citation cs2">Anonymous (1884), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ypcNAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA6-PA219">"Revelation 13:2"</a>, <i>The Holy Bible</i>, New York: American Bible Society, p. 219</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revelation+13%3A2&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Bible&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=American+Bible+Society&rft.date=1884&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DypcNAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA6-PA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span> – "And the beast which I saw was like unto a <u>leopard</u>, and his feet were as the feet of a <u>bear</u>, and his mouth as the mouth of a <u>lion</u>: and the <u>dragon</u> gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd1911">Lloyd 1911</a>:134–142, <i>A History of Wales</i>, Vol. I, <i>Gildas</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd1911">Lloyd 1911</a>:133, <i>A History of Wales</i>, Vol. I.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1841">Giles 1841</a>:24–25, <i>De Excidio</i>, sections 28 and 29 (in English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1847">Giles 1847</a>:244–245, <i>De Excidio</i>, sections 28 and 29 (in Latin)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1841">Giles 1841</a>:34, <i>The Works of Nennius</i> (English translation).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1847">Giles 1847</a>:341, <i> Historia Britonnum</i> (in Latin).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJenkins1852">Jenkins 1852</a>:259, <i>Letters on Welsh History</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkene1868" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Forbes_Skene" title="William Forbes Skene">Skene, William Forbes</a> (1868), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7uEIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA273">"CXIII, The Red Book of Hergest XIII"</a>, <i>The Four Ancient Books of Wales</i>, vol. II, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, pp. 273–274, 440–441</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CXIII%2C+The+Red+Book+of+Hergest+XIII&rft.btitle=The+Four+Ancient+Books+of+Wales&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=273-274%2C+440-441&rft.pub=Edmonston+and+Douglas&rft.date=1868&rft.aulast=Skene&rft.aufirst=William+Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7uEIAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span>; in Welsh, with notes in English on pp. 441</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkene1868" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Forbes_Skene" title="William Forbes Skene">Skene, William Forbes</a> (1868), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xeEIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA584">"CXIII, The Red Book of Hergest XIII"</a>, <i>The Four Ancient Books of Wales</i>, vol. I, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, pp. 584–585</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CXIII%2C+The+Red+Book+of+Hergest+XIII&rft.btitle=The+Four+Ancient+Books+of+Wales&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=584-585&rft.pub=Edmonston+and+Douglas&rft.date=1868&rft.aulast=Skene&rft.aufirst=William+Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxeEIAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span>; in English.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRees1840">Rees 1840</a>:354, <i>The Book of Llandaff</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRees1840">Rees 1840</a>:463, <i>The Book of Llandaff</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1906" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Gwenogvryn_Evans" title="John Gwenogvryn Evans">Evans, John Gwenogvryn</a> (1906), <i>The Black Book of Carmarthen</i>, Pwllheli, pp. XI–</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Book+of+Carmarthen&rft.place=Pwllheli&rft.pages=XI-&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=John+Gwenogvryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>; in Welsh</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1848">Giles 1848</a>:271, <i>History of Britain</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1848">Giles 1848</a>:272, <i>History of Britain</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1848">Giles 1848</a>:273, <i>History of Britain</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1848">Giles 1848</a>:278, <i>History of Britain</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giles_1848_282-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giles_1848_282_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giles_1848_282_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1848">Giles 1848</a>:282, <i>History of Britain</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1841">Giles 1841</a>:29, <i>The Works of Gildas</i>. For example, in his condemnation of Maelgwn, Gildas says "... why art thou (as if soaked in the wine of the Sodomitical grape) foolishly rolling ...". The term is repeated elsewhere as well, with the same context.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1811" class="citation cs2">Roberts, Peter, ed. (1811), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eYrTAAAAMAAJ"><i>Chronicle of the Kings of Britain; Translated from the Welsh Copy Attributed to Tysilio</i></a>, London: E. Williams, pp. 173, 174, 183</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Kings+of+Britain%3B+Translated+from+the+Welsh+Copy+Attributed+to+Tysilio&rft.place=London&rft.pages=173%2C+174%2C+183&rft.pub=E.+Williams&rft.date=1811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeYrTAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1810">Williams 1810</a>:461, <i>The Iolo MSS.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1810">Williams 1810</a>:465–466, <i>The Iolo MSS.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1810">Williams 1810</a>:467, <i>The Iolo MSS.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1810">Williams 1810</a>:497, <i>The Iolo MSS.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1810">Williams 1810</a>:507, <i>The Iolo MSS.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1810">Williams 1810</a>:508, <i>The Iolo MSS.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick K. Ford (ed.); <i>Ystoria Taliesin</i>, University of Wales Press, 1992. Annotated edition of the two texts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCharlotte1877">Charlotte 1877</a>:471–503, <i>Taliesin</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris-Jones1918">Morris-Jones 1918</a>:209–222, Taliesin's <i>Marwnad Rhun (Elegy of Rhun)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ifor Williams (ed.); <i>Canu Taliesin</i>, University of Wales Press, 1960, introduction.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Canu Taliesin</i>, introduction.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_of_Fordun1360" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_of_Fordun" title="John of Fordun">John of Fordun</a> (1360), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gb4PAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA105">"Aydanus sends assistance to Malgo, King of the Britons"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/William_Forbes_Skene" title="William Forbes Skene">Skene, William Forbes</a> (ed.), <i>John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation</i>, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (published 1872), pp. 105–106</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aydanus+sends+assistance+to+Malgo%2C+King+of+the+Britons&rft.btitle=John+of+Fordun%27s+Chronicle+of+the+Scottish+Nation&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=105-106&rft.pub=Edmonston+and+Douglas&rft.date=1360&rft.au=John+of+Fordun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgb4PAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens1888" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stephens_(historian)" title="Thomas Stephens (historian)">Stephens, Thomas</a> (1888), Powel, Thomas (ed.), <i>The Gododdin of Aneurin Gwawdrydd</i>, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gododdin+of+Aneurin+Gwawdrydd&rft.pub=Honourable+Society+of+Cymmrodorion&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1973" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Morris_(historian)" title="John Morris (historian)">Morris, John</a> (1973), <i>The Age of Arthur: a history of the British Isles from 350 to 650</i>, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p. 192</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Arthur%3A+a+history+of+the+British+Isles+from+350+to+650&rft.place=London&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. P. Kirby and J. E. C. Williams, "Review of <i>The Age of Arthur</i>", <i>Studia Celtica</i>, 10-11 (1975-1976), pp. 454–486; "an outwardly impressive piece of scholarship", it went on to argue that this apparent scholarship "crumbles upon inspection into a tangled tissue of fact and fantasy which is both misleading and misguided".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/gildas_02_ruin_of_britain.htm">"Gildas, the Ruin of Britain &c.; 1899, pp. 4-252, The Ruin of Britain"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gildas%2C+the+Ruin+of+Britain+%26c.%3B+1899%2C+pp.+4-252%2C+The+Ruin+of+Britain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers%2Fgildas_02_ruin_of_britain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224092527/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001A/">"The Annals of Ulster"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001A/">the original</a> on 24 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+Ulster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Fcelt%2Fonline%2FT100001A%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies1990" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(historian)" title="John Davies (historian)">Davies, John</a> (1990), <i>A History of Wales</i> (First ed.), London: Penguin Group (published 1993), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7139-9098-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7139-9098-8"><bdi>0-7139-9098-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Wales&rft.place=London&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-7139-9098-8&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1906" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Gwenogvryn_Evans" title="John Gwenogvryn Evans">Evans, John Gwenogvryn</a> (1906), <i>The Black Book of Carmarthen</i> (First ed.), Pwllheli</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Book+of+Carmarthen&rft.place=Pwllheli&rft.edition=First&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=John+Gwenogvryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiles1841" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Giles" title="John Allen Giles">Giles, John Allen</a>, ed. (1841), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3R1mCE7p44MC"><i>The Works of Gildas and Nennius</i></a>, London: James Bohn</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Gildas+and+Nennius&rft.place=London&rft.pub=James+Bohn&rft.date=1841&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3R1mCE7p44MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span> – English translation.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiles1847" class="citation cs2">Giles, John Allen, ed. (1847), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XX3TAAAAMAAJ"><i>History of the Ancient Britons</i></a>, vol. II (Second ed.), Oxford: W. Baxter (published 1854)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ancient+Britons&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=W.+Baxter&rft.date=1847&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXX3TAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span> – in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiles1848" class="citation cs2">Giles, John Allen, ed. (1848), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6GQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA89">"Geoffrey of Monmouth's British History"</a>, <i>Six Old English Chronicles</i>, London: George Bell and Sons (published 1900), pp. 89–294</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Geoffrey+of+Monmouth%27s+British+History&rft.btitle=Six+Old+English+Chronicles&rft.place=London&rft.pages=89-294&rft.pub=George+Bell+and+Sons&rft.date=1848&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6GQNAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlotte1877" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Lady_Charlotte_Guest" title="Lady Charlotte Guest">Charlotte</a>, ed. (1877), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ip4CAAAAQAAJ"><i>The Mabinogion</i></a>, London: Bernard Quaritch</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mabinogion&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bernard+Quaritch&rft.date=1877&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIp4CAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1852" class="citation cs2">Jenkins, Samuel (1852), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fNkuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Letters on Welsh History</i></a>, Philadelphia: E. S. Jones & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+on+Welsh+History&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=E.+S.+Jones+%26+Co.&rft.date=1852&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfNkuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1911" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Lloyd" title="John Edward Lloyd">Lloyd, John Edward</a> (1911), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NYwNAAAAIAAJ"><i>A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest</i></a>, vol. I (2nd ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 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Simpkin and R. Marshall, pp. 7–11, 81–87, 137–140, 201–204, 266–269, 335–338, 394–396, 455–458</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genealogy+of+the+Saints&rft.btitle=The+Cambro-Briton&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7-11%2C+81-87%2C+137-140%2C+201-204%2C+266-269%2C+335-338%2C+394-396%2C+455-458&rft.pub=W.+Simpkin+and+R.+Marshall&rft.date=1821&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=John+Humffreys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyIhOAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillimore1886" class="citation cs2">Phillimore, Egerton G. B. (1886), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5kAFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133">"Boned y Seint (A Fragment from Hengwrt MS. No. 202)"</a>, in Powel, Thomas (ed.), <i>Y Cymmrodor</i>, vol. VII, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 133–134</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boned+y+Seint+%28A+Fragment+from+Hengwrt+MS.+No.+202%29&rft.btitle=Y+Cymmrodor&rft.pages=133-134&rft.pub=Honourable+Society+of+Cymmrodorion&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Phillimore&rft.aufirst=Egerton+G.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5kAFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillimore1887" class="citation cs2">Phillimore, Egerton, ed. (1887), "Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ycymmrodor08cymmuoft"><i>Y Cymmrodor</i></a>, vol. VIII, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 77–92</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pedigrees+from+Jesus+College+MS.+20&rft.btitle=Y+Cymmrodor&rft.pages=77-92&rft.pub=Honourable+Society+of+Cymmrodorion&rft.date=1887&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fycymmrodor08cymmuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillimore1888" class="citation cs2">Phillimore, Egerton (1888), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aFMrAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA141">"The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859"</a>, in Phillimore, Egerton (ed.), <i>Y Cymmrodor</i>, vol. IX, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 141–183</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Annales+Cambriae+and+Old+Welsh+Genealogies%2C+from+Harleian+MS.+3859&rft.btitle=Y+Cymmrodor&rft.pages=141-183&rft.pub=Honourable+Society+of+Cymmrodorion&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Phillimore&rft.aufirst=Egerton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaFMrAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRees1836" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Rice_Rees" title="Rice Rees">Rees, Rice</a> (1836), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h4gOAAAAQAAJ"><i>An Essay on the Welsh Saints</i></a>, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, Rees</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Essay+on+the+Welsh+Saints&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Rees%2C+Orme%2C+Brown%2C+Green%2C+and+Longman%2C+Rees&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Rice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh4gOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRees1840" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Jenkins_Rees" title="William Jenkins Rees">Rees, William Jenkins</a> (1840), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cEcLAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Liber Landavensis, Llyfr Teilo</i></a>, Llandovery: William Rees</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liber+Landavensis%2C+Llyfr+Teilo&rft.place=Llandovery&rft.pub=William+Rees&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=William+Jenkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcEcLAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span> – from MSS. in the Libraries of Hengwrt, and of Jesus College (English translation).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhys1904" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Rhys" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rhys">Rhys, John</a> (1904), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DGsNAAAAIAAJ"><i>Celtic Britain</i></a> (3rd ed.), London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Society+for+Promoting+Christian+Knowledge&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Rhys&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDGsNAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkene1868" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Forbes_Skene" title="William Forbes Skene">Skene, William Forbes</a> (1868), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xeEIAAAAQAAJ"><i>The Four Ancient Books of Wales</i></a>, vol. I, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Four+Ancient+Books+of+Wales&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edmonston+and+Douglas&rft.date=1868&rft.aulast=Skene&rft.aufirst=William+Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxeEIAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens1849" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stephens_(historian)" title="Thomas Stephens (historian)">Stephens, Thomas</a> (1849), Evans, D. Silvan (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ylAGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR3"><i>The Literature of the Kymry</i></a> (Second ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Co. (published 1876)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Literature+of+the+Kymry&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Co.&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DylAGAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1810" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Iolo_Morganwg" title="Iolo Morganwg">Williams, Edward (Iolo Morganwg)</a> (1810), Williams (ab Iolo), Taliesin (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TnBoaWNvArEC"><i>Iolo Manuscripts</i></a>, Llandovery: William Rees (published 1848)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iolo+Manuscripts&rft.place=Llandovery&rft.pub=William+Rees&rft.date=1810&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Edward+%28Iolo+Morganwg%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTnBoaWNvArEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1844" class="citation cs2">Williams, John (1844), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4hoDAAAAcAAJ"><i>The Ecclesiastical Antiquities of the Cymry</i></a>, London: W. J. Cleaver</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecclesiastical+Antiquities+of+the+Cymry&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.+J.+Cleaver&rft.date=1844&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4hoDAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaelgwn+Gwynedd" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelgwn_Gwynedd&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biography.wales/article/s-MAEL-GWY-0547">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a> on National Library of Wales <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Welsh_Biography" title="Dictionary of Welsh Biography">Dictionary of Welsh Biography</a></i></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_Lawhir_ap_Einion" title="Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion">Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Gwynedd" title="List of rulers of Gwynedd">King of Gwynedd</a> </b><br />c. 520 – c. 547 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rhun_Hir_ap_Maelgwn" title="Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn">Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Legendary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vortiporius" title="Vortiporius">Vortiporius</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_kings_of_Britain" title="List of legendary kings of Britain">King of Britain</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Keredic" title="Keredic">Keredic</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wales_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wales_topics" title="Template:Wales topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wales_topics" title="Template talk:Wales topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wales_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wales topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wales_articles" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Wales" title="Outline of Wales">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Welsh_history" title="Timeline of Welsh history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Welsh_history" title="Bibliography of Welsh history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Wales" title="Prehistoric Wales">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Roman_era" title="Wales in the Roman era">Roman Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Welsh_wars" title="List of Anglo-Welsh wars">Anglo-Welsh Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Kingdom of Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Kingdom of Powys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deheubarth" title="Deheubarth">Deheubarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Medieval Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Wales" title="Norman invasion of Wales">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I" title="Conquest of Wales by Edward I">Edwardian conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Rhuddlan" title="Statute of Rhuddlan">Statute of Rhuddlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_rebellion" title="Glyndŵr rebellion">Glyndŵr rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_settlement_in_the_Americas" title="Welsh settlement in the Americas">Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wales" title="Geography of Wales">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Wales" title="Biodiversity of Wales">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Wales" title="Fauna of Wales">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Wales" title="Flora of Wales">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Wales" title="Climate of Wales">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Wales" title="Geology of Wales">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Wales" title="List of islands of Wales">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Wales" title="List of lakes of Wales">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles">Mountains and hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Wales" title="Protected areas of Wales">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Wales" title="National parks of Wales">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areas_of_Outstanding_Natural_Beauty_in_Wales" title="Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales">AONBs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Wales" title="List of rivers of Wales">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England%E2%80%93Wales_border" title="England–Wales border">Wales–England border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Wales" title="List of waterfalls in Wales">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales" title="Elections in Wales">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Wales" title="History of local government in Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Wales" title="List of cities in Wales">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_Wales" title="Mayors in Wales">Mayors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_in_Wales" title="List of rulers in Wales">Local rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Wales" title="List of political parties in Wales">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_republicanism" title="Welsh republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Wales" title="Unionism in Wales">Unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Office" title="Wales Office">Wales Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counsel_General_for_Wales" title="Counsel General for Wales">Counsel General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Modern Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_forces_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Police forces of Wales">Police forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Wales" title="Armed forces in Wales">British Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_and_finance_in_Wales" title="Banking and finance in Wales">Banking and finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_industry_in_Wales" title="Coal industry in Wales">Coal mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Wales" title="List of companies of Wales">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Wales" title="Forestry in Wales">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_construction_in_Wales" title="Housing and construction in Wales">Housing and construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Wales" title="List of power stations in Wales">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_industry_in_Wales" title="Slate industry in Wales">Slate quarrying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Wales" title="Transport in Wales">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Wales" title="Category:Society of Wales">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_art" title="Welsh art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Wales" title="List of castles in Wales">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorsedd_Cymru" title="Gorsedd Cymru">Gorsedd Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Literature in Welsh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Wales" title="Media of Wales">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Wales" title="List of museums in Wales">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_scheduled_monuments_in_Wales" title="Lists of scheduled monuments in Wales">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Wales" title="Sport in Wales">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Wales" title="Theatre of Wales">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Wales" title="Demographics of Wales">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">People</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_people" title="List of Welsh people">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_people#Actors" title="List of Welsh people">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_Americans" title="List of Welsh Americans">Welsh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_architects" title="List of Welsh architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_artists" title="List of Welsh artists">Artists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_artists_associated_with_Wales" title="List of women artists associated with Wales">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_inventors" title="List of Welsh inventors">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_musicians" title="List of Welsh musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-language_poets_(6th_century_to_c._1600)" title="List of Welsh-language poets (6th century to c. 1600)">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_people#Monarchs_and_princes" title="List of Welsh people">Royalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_scientists" title="List of Welsh scientists">Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_women" title="List of Welsh women">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_writers" title="List of Welsh writers">Writers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-language_authors" title="List of Welsh-language authors">in Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_women_writers" title="List of Welsh women writers">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Wales" title="Health in Wales">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Wales" title="Healthcare in Wales">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Wales" title="NHS Wales">Healthcare service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_health_board" title="Local health board">Boards</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Wales" title="Christianity in Wales">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Wales" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wales">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales" title="Presbyterian Church of Wales">Presbyterianism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Non-Christian belief systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Wales" title="Baháʼí Faith in Wales">Bahá'ís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Wales" title="Buddhism in Wales">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Wales" title="Hinduism in Wales">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Wales" title="Islam in Wales">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Wales" title="History of the Jews in Wales">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Wales" title="Sikhism in Wales">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li>History <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Methodist_revival" title="Welsh Methodist revival">Welsh Methodist revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904%E2%80%931905_Welsh_revival" title="1904–1905 Welsh revival">1904–1905 Welsh revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_Act_1914" title="Welsh Church Act 1914">Welsh Church Act 1914</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Wales" title="National symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau" title="Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_flags" title="List of Welsh flags">Flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Wales" title="Flag of Wales">national flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers" title="Prince of Wales's feathers">Prince of Wales's feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Badge_of_Wales" title="Royal Badge of Wales">Royal Badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Welsh Dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/48px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/64px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales portal</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template talk:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Works by Geoffrey of Monmouth">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophetiae_Merlini" title="Prophetiae Merlini">Prophetiae Merlini</a></i> (c. 1135)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> (c. 1136)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Merlini" title="Vita Merlini">Vita Merlini</a></i> (c. 1150)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Translations_of_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Translations of Geoffrey of Monmouth">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut">Layamon's <i>Brut</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Brenhinedd" title="Brut y Brenhinedd">Brut y Brenhinedd</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breta_s%C3%B6gur" title="Breta sögur">Breta sögur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merl%C3%ADn%C3%BAssp%C3%A1" title="Merlínússpá">Merlínússpá</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban" title="Saint Alban">Saint Alban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanactus" title="Albanactus">Albanactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhfrith_of_Deira" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhfrith of Deira">Alhfrith of Deira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allectus" title="Allectus">Allectus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibalus" title="Amphibalus">Amphibalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andragius" title="Andragius">Andragius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archgallo" title="Archgallo">Archgallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archmail" title="Archmail">Archmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvirargus" title="Arvirargus">Arvirargus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascanius" title="Ascanius">Ascanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Conanus" title="Aurelius Conanus">Aurelius Conanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beldgabred" title="Beldgabred">Beldgabred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_Mawr" title="Beli Mawr">Beli Mawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinus" title="Belinus">Belinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladud" title="Bladud">Bladud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledric_ap_Custennin" title="Bledric ap Custennin">Bledric ap Custennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledudo" title="Bledudo">Bledudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennius" title="Brennius">Brennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Greenshield" title="Brutus Greenshield">Brutus Greenshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_of_Troy" title="Brutus of Troy">Brutus of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Budic II of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadfan_ap_Iago" title="Cadfan ap Iago">Cadfan ap Iago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadoc" title="Cadoc">Cadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwaladr" title="Cadwaladr">Cadwaladr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan" title="Cadwallon ap Cadfan">Cadwallon ap Cadfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camber_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camber (legendary king)">Camber (legendary king)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_Britain" title="Cap of Britain">Cap of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capetus_Silvius" title="Capetus Silvius">Capetus Silvius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoir" title="Capoir">Capoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradocus" title="Caradocus">Caradocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausius" title="Carausius">Carausius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassivellaunus" title="Cassivellaunus">Cassivellaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catellus" title="Catellus">Catellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherin" title="Cherin">Cherin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledaucus" title="Cledaucus">Cledaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotenus" title="Clotenus">Clotenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coel_Hen" title="Coel Hen">Coel Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coilus" title="Coilus">Coilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conan_Meriadoc" title="Conan Meriadoc">Conan Meriadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II (son of Constantine III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_Emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)">Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine (Briton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius Chlorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_of_Britain" title="Cordelia of Britain">Cordelia of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corineus" title="Corineus">Corineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunedagius" title="Cunedagius">Cunedagius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunobeline" title="Cunobeline">Cunobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danius" title="Danius">Danius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digueillus" title="Digueillus">Digueillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionotus" title="Dionotus">Dionotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunvallo_Molmutius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunvallo Molmutius">Dunvallo Molmutius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebraucus" title="Ebraucus">Ebraucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edadus" title="Edadus">Edadus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Edern ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol" title="Eldol">Eldol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol,_Consul_of_Gloucester" title="Eldol, Consul of Gloucester">Eldol, Consul of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elidurus" title="Elidurus">Elidurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliud" title="Eliud">Eliud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enniaunus" title="Enniaunus">Enniaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrildis" title="Estrildis">Estrildis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaf_Hen" title="Eudaf Hen">Eudaf Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrex" title="Ferrex">Ferrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgenius" title="Fulgenius">Fulgenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerennus" title="Gerennus">Gerennus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goffar_the_Pict" title="Goffar the Pict">Goffar the Pict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogmagog_(folklore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gogmagog (folklore)">Gogmagog (folklore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goneril" title="Goneril">Goneril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorboduc" title="Gorboduc">Gorboduc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorbonianus" title="Gorbonianus">Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracianus_Municeps" title="Gracianus Municeps">Gracianus Municeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiderius" title="Guiderius">Guiderius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guithelin" title="Guithelin">Guithelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgintius" title="Gurgintius">Gurgintius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurguit_Barbtruc" title="Gurguit Barbtruc">Gurguit Barbtruc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgustius" title="Gurgustius">Gurgustius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddoleu_ap_Ceidio" title="Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio">Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddydd" title="Gwenddydd">Gwenddydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Gwendolen" title="Queen Gwendolen">Queen Gwendolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Helena (empress)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist and Horsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_the_Hun" title="Humber the Hun">Humber the Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iago_ap_Beli" title="Iago ap Beli">Iago ap Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idvallo" title="Idvallo">Idvallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenius_of_Britain" title="Ingenius of Britain">Ingenius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innogen" title="Innogen">Innogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jago_of_Britain" title="Jago of Britain">Jago of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Aaron" title="Julius and Aaron">Julius and Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Asclepiodotus" title="Julius Asclepiodotus">Julius Asclepiodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Sir Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keredic" title="Keredic">Keredic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimarcus" title="Kimarcus">Kimarcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinarius" title="Kinarius">Kinarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinus" title="Latinus">Latinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia" title="Lavinia">Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leil" title="Leil">Leil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leir_of_Britain" title="Leir of Britain">Leir of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrinus" title="Locrinus">Locrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Britain" title="Lucius of Britain">Lucius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lud_son_of_Heli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lud son of Heli">Lud son of Heli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddan" title="Maddan">Maddan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandubracius" title="Mandubracius">Mandubracius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Marcia" title="Queen Marcia">Queen Marcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus" title="Marganus">Marganus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus_II" title="Marganus II">Marganus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_of_Britain" title="Marius of Britain">Marius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mempricius" title="Mempricius">Mempricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merianus" title="Merianus">Merianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millus" title="Millus">Millus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvidus" title="Morvidus">Morvidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrddin_Wyllt" title="Myrddin Wyllt">Myrddin Wyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius_of_Britain" title="Nennius of Britain">Nennius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octa_of_Kent" title="Octa of Kent">Octa of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenus" title="Oenus">Oenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria" title="Oswald of Northumbria">Oswald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswiu_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswiu of Northumbria">Oswiu of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandrasus" title="Pandrasus">Pandrasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penda_of_Mercia" title="Penda of Mercia">Penda of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredur" title="Peredur">Peredur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredurus" title="Peredurus">Peredurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_the_Britons" title="Pir of the Britons">Pir of the Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_I" title="Porrex I">Porrex I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_II" title="Porrex II">Porrex II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publius_Septimius_Geta" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Septimius Geta">Publius Septimius Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Laberius_Durus" title="Quintus Laberius Durus">Quintus Laberius Durus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redechius" title="Redechius">Redechius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redon_of_Britain" title="Redon of Britain">Redon of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regan_(King_Lear)" title="Regan (King Lear)">Regan (King Lear)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhydderch_Hael" title="Rhydderch Hael">Rhydderch Hael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivallo" title="Rivallo">Rivallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud_Hud_Hudibras" title="Rud Hud Hudibras">Rud Hud Hudibras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runo_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runo (legendary king)">Runo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawyl_Penuchel" title="Sawyl Penuchel">Sawyl Penuchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvius_(mythology)" title="Silvius (mythology)">Silvius (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_I" title="Sisillius I">Sisillius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_II" title="Sisillius II">Sisillius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_III" title="Sisillius III">Sisillius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Gorbonianus" title="Son of Gorbonianus">Son of Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasciovanus" title="Tasciovanus">Tasciovanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trahern" title="Trahern">Trahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnus" title="Turnus">Turnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urianus" title="Urianus">Urianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venissa" title="Venissa">Venissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortimer" title="Vortimer">Vortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortiporius" title="Vortiporius">Vortiporius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhere_of_Mercia" title="Wulfhere of Mercia">Wulfhere of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Ywain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelfrith of Northumbria">Æthelfrith of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92thelwald_of_Deira" title="Œthelwald of Deira">Œthelwald of Deira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arfderydd" title="Battle of Arfderydd">Battle of Arfderydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guoloph" title="Battle of Guoloph">Battle of Guoloph</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Tywysogion" title="Brut y Tywysogion">Brut y Tywysogion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Britanniae" title="Gesta Regum Britanniae">Gesta Regum Britanniae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailoken" title="Lailoken">Lailoken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_kings_of_Britain" title="List of legendary kings of Britain">List of legendary kings of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_rulers_of_Cornwall" title="List of legendary rulers of Cornwall">List of legendary rulers of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molmutine_Laws" title="Molmutine Laws">Molmutine Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riothamus" title="Riothamus">Riothamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Malvam" title="River Malvam">River Malvam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Exeter_(c._630)" title="Siege of Exeter (c. 630)">Siege of Exeter (c. 630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Locations associated with Arthurian legend">Locations associated with Arthurian legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treason_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Treason of the Long Knives">Treason of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinovantum" title="Trinovantum">Trinovantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_genealogy_of_Nennius" title="Trojan genealogy of Nennius">Trojan genealogy of Nennius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vera_historia_de_morte_Arthuri" title="Vera historia de morte Arthuri">Vera historia de morte Arthuri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Oxford" title="Walter of Oxford">Walter of Oxford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span 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