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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographic distribution and usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_distribution_and_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diphthongs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diphthongs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Diphthongs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diphthongs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Affixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Affixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prefixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prefixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Prefixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prefixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Infixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suffixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Suffixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reduplication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduplication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Reduplication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduplication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Adjectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Adverbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adverbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personal_pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7.1</span> <span>Personal pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interrogative_pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interrogative_pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7.2</span> <span>Interrogative pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interrogative_pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demonstrative_pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demonstrative_pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7.3</span> <span>Demonstrative pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demonstrative_pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vocabulary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Directions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_Pronouns_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_Pronouns_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Personal Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_Pronouns_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interrogatives_Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interrogatives_Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Interrogatives Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interrogatives_Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nouns_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbs_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbs_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbs_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectives_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Adjectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Writing system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangka Malay</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangka_(Sprache)" title="Bangka (Sprache) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bangka (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangka_(langue)" title="Bangka (langue) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bangka (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayo_Bangka" title="Malayo Bangka – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Malayo Bangka" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Bangka" title="Bahasa Melayu Bangka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Melayu Bangka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Bangka" title="Basa Bangka – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Bangka" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibangka" title="Kibangka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kibangka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88" title="لغه بانجكا الملايو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه بانجكا الملايو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Bangka" title="Bahasa Melayu Bangka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Melayu Bangka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Bangka" title="Bahaso Bangka – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Bangka" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Lom" title="Lenga Lom – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Lom" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_malajski_wyspy_Bangka" title="Język malajski wyspy Bangka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język malajski wyspy Bangka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Банка (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" 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.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Bangka Malay</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span title="Bangka-language text"><i lang="mfb">bahase Bangka</i></span></li><li><span title="Bangka-language text"><i lang="mfb">base Bangka</i></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;">بهاس بڠك</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (Province of <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Belitung_Islands" title="Bangka Belitung Islands">Bangka Belitung Islands</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Bangka Island</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay people">Bangka Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_in_the_Bangka_Belitung_Islands" title="Chinese in the Bangka Belitung Islands">Bangka Chinese</a>, etc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">340,000 (2000 census)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>(disputed)<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Bangka Malay</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Mentok</li> <li>Belinyuliat</li> <li>Sungailiat</li> <li>Pangkalpinang</li> <li>Toboali</li> <li>Bangka Cina</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay alphabet">Malay alphabet</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/mfb" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:mfb">mfb</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bang1365">bang1365</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2706">Bangka</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangka_Malay_Language_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bangka_Malay_Language_Map.svg/320px-Bangka_Malay_Language_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bangka_Malay_Language_Map.svg/480px-Bangka_Malay_Language_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bangka_Malay_Language_Map.svg/640px-Bangka_Malay_Language_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0080ff; color:black;"> </span> Areas where Bangka Malay is a majority</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Bangka</b> or <b>Bangka Malay</b> (<i>bahase Bangka</i> or <i>base Bangka</i>, <a href="/wiki/Belinyu" title="Belinyu">Belinyu dialect</a>: <i>baso Bangka</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a>: بهاس بڠك), is a <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic language</a> spoken in Indonesia, specifically on the island of <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Bangka</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Belitung_Islands" title="Bangka Belitung Islands">Bangka Belitung Islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>. It is primarily spoken by the native <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay people</a> of Bangka, as well as by <a href="/wiki/Transmigration_program" title="Transmigration program">immigrants</a> from other parts of Indonesia and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_in_the_Bangka_Belitung_Islands" title="Chinese in the Bangka Belitung Islands">Bangka Chinese</a>, who use it as their second language in addition to their native <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a>. Bangka Malay is spoken exclusively on the island of Bangka, although it is related to <a href="/wiki/Palembang_language" title="Palembang language">Palembang Malay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belitung_Malay" title="Belitung Malay">Belitung Malay</a> spoken on neighboring islands. There are five different dialects of Bangka Malay: the <a href="/wiki/Pangkalpinang" title="Pangkalpinang">Pangkalpinang</a> dialect, <a href="/wiki/Muntok" title="Muntok">Mentok</a> dialect, <a href="/wiki/Belinyu" title="Belinyu">Belinyu</a> dialect, <a href="/wiki/Sungailiat" title="Sungailiat">Sungailiat</a> dialect, and <a href="/wiki/Toboali" title="Toboali">Toboali</a> dialect. Each of these dialects has its own subdialects. Additionally, the Bangka Chinese community speaks their own dialect of Bangka Malay, which is influenced by Hakka. The differences between each of these dialects are mostly lies in their <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology</a>, except for the Bangka Cina dialect, which also has slight differences in vocabulary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199166_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199166-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Bangka, Bangka Malay serves as the <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i> among the island's diverse ethnic groups. It has been influenced by Palembang Malay, owing to Bangka's historical association with the <a href="/wiki/Palembang_Sultanate" title="Palembang Sultanate">Palembang Sultanate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as by Hakka, introduced by Chinese migrants, and standard <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, the national language of Indonesia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Bangka Malay exhibits notable phonological and lexical differences from standard Indonesian and other Malay dialects, while its morphological structures generally remain identical, facilitating mutual intelligibility. It incorporates distinctive vocabulary that distinguishes it from both standard Indonesian and other dialects. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangka Malay is a <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic language</a>. Speakers of Malayic language are spread from Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Thailand" title="Southern Thailand">Southern Thailand</a>, to the southernmost part of the Philippines. Malay is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> family of languages, which includes languages from Taiwan, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia. <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a>, a geographic outlier spoken in Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, is also a member of this language family. Although these languages are not necessarily <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutually intelligible</a> to any extent, their similarities are often quite apparent. In more conservative languages like Malay, many roots have come with relatively little change from their common ancestor, <a href="/wiki/Proto-Austronesian_language" title="Proto-Austronesian language">Proto-Austronesian language</a>. There are many <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognates</a> found in the languages' words for kinship, health, body parts and common animals. Numbers, especially, show remarkable similarities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bangka Malay is closely related to other Malay dialects like <a href="/wiki/Palembang_language" title="Palembang language">Palembang Malay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belitung_Malay" title="Belitung Malay">Belitung Malay</a> spoken on nearby islands, but closer to <a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Loncong Malay</a> spoken by <a href="/wiki/Orang_Laut" title="Orang Laut">nomadic sea gypsies</a> from Belitung. However, Bangka Malay has its own distinct features in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that set it apart from standard Indonesian and other Malay varieties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution_and_usage">Geographic distribution and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangka Malay is exclusively spoken on Bangka and its surrounding islands, as well as by the Bangka diaspora living in other parts of Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Bangka Malay is not the only language spoken on the island. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_in_the_Bangka_Belitung_Islands" title="Chinese in the Bangka Belitung Islands">Chinese community</a> in Bangka, who migrated from <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> due to the booming tin mining industry in the 19th century, primarily speak <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>, though many also speak Bangka Malay as a <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">second language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, the <a href="/wiki/Orang_Laut" title="Orang Laut">Orang Laut</a>, sea nomads inhabiting the coastal regions of Bangka and the surrounding islands, speak a distinct variety of Malay known as <a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Loncong</a> or Sekak.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, due to <a href="/wiki/Transmigration_program" title="Transmigration program">transmigration</a> policies enacted during the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colonial era</a> and continuing through the <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a>, many immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and other parts of Indonesia have settled in Bangka, bringing their own languages and cultures with them.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">regional languages</a> in Indonesia, Bangka Malay serves as an important and effective means of communication, especially within family settings, among peers, and in informal gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198411_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198411-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In formal settings such as wedding parties, ceremonies, public meetings, and sermons in mosques or prayer rooms, people in Bangka almost always use <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, sometimes mixed with Bangka Malay. Indonesian is also used in government offices, schools, and official ceremonies. While the language of instruction in schools is Indonesian, in the early grades of elementary school, teachers who are native to Bangka often use Bangka Malay to present lessons. In markets, Bangka Malay is generally used among Bangka people, while <a href="/wiki/Code-mixing" title="Code-mixing">code-mixing</a> with other regional languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Palembang_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Palembang Malay">Palembang Malay</a>, is common among people from outside Bangka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198412_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198412-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, with the growing influence of Indonesian as the national language, Bangka people are increasingly <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">code-switching</a> and code-mixing between Bangka Malay and Indonesian.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bangka Malay holds a prestigious position among its speakers. This becomes apparent when students, university students, or officials returning from assignments outside Bangka converse with local elders or community leaders—they typically opt for Bangka Malay over Indonesian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198412_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198412-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This choice of language conveys a deeper respect to the elders and community leaders compared to using Indonesian. In fact, speaking Indonesian in such contexts after returning from outside Bangka can be seen as disrespectful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198412_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198412-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are five recognized dialects of Bangka Malay, namely Mentok, Belinyu, Sungailiat, Pangkalpinang, and Toboali, each corresponding to administrative units in Bangka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.19916_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.19916-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mentok dialect is often referred to as the West Bangka dialect, the Belinyu dialect as the North Bangka dialect, and the Toboali dialect as the South Bangka dialect. Meanwhile, the Sungailiat and Pangkalpinang dialects are collectively known as the Central Bangka dialect. In addition, the Chinese community in Bangka speaks a distinct dialect of Bangka Malay infused with Hakka influences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.19848_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.19848-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of these dialects consists of several sub-dialects, which may differ from one district or village to another.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the differences among these dialects primarily lie in <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology</a>, with vocabulary differences being relatively minor. For example, the Belinyu dialect shows significant phonological influence from <a href="/wiki/Palembang_language" title="Palembang language">Palembang Malay</a><i>,</i> where words that typically end with [a] in standard Malay and Indonesian change to [o], such as <i>apa</i> 'what' becoming <i>apo</i>, <i>kita</i> 'we' becoming <i>kito</i>, and <i>tiga</i> 'three' becoming <i>tigo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198435_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198435-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Belinyu dialect also shares similar pronouns with Palembang Malay, such as <i>kamek</i> 'we (exclusive)', <i>sayo</i> 'I', and so on. Additionally, due to its interaction with Palembang Malay, the Belinyu dialect has adopted words from <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>, including <i>wong</i> 'people' and <i>lanang</i> 'male'. Other Bangka Malay dialects, on the other hand, exhibit similarities with the Malay dialect spoken in <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>, where words that typically end with [a] change to [e], such as <i>apa</i> 'what' becoming <i>ape</i>, <i>rasa</i> 'taste' becoming <i>rase</i>, and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are some lexical differences among different dialects, but they are limited, and each dialect is mostly <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutually intelligible</a> with the others. Below are examples of lexical differences in Bangka Malay across various dialects: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Standard Indonesian </th> <th>West Bangka (Mentok) </th> <th>North Bangka (Belinyu) </th> <th>South Bangka (Toboali) </th> <th>Central Bangka (Sungailiat and Pangkalpinang) </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>hidup</i> <p>'to live' </p> </td> <td><i>idup</i> </td> <td><i>idup</i> </td> <td><i>idup</i> </td> <td><i>idup</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>orang</i> <p>'people' </p> </td> <td><i>orang</i> </td> <td><i>urang, wong</i> </td> <td><i>urong, urun</i> </td> <td><i>uran</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kami</i> <p>'we (exclusive)' </p> </td> <td><i>kami</i> </td> <td><i>kamek</i> </td> <td><i>kami</i> </td> <td><i>kami</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>rumah</i> <p>'house' </p> </td> <td><i>romah</i> </td> <td><i>ruma</i> </td> <td><i>ruma</i> </td> <td><i>rumah</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>pergi</i> <p>'to go' </p> </td> <td><i>pegi</i> </td> <td><i>gi</i> </td> <td><i>gi</i> </td> <td><i>gi</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tidur</i> <p>'to sleep' </p> </td> <td><i>tidok</i> </td> <td><i>tiduk</i> </td> <td><i>tiduk</i> </td> <td><i>tiduk</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>anak <p>'kid' </p> </td> <td><i>budak</i> </td> <td><i>budak</i> </td> <td><i>berik</i> </td> <td><i>anak</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>semua</i> <p>'all' </p> </td> <td><i>semue</i> </td> <td><i>semuo</i> </td> <td><i>hamue</i> </td> <td><i>gale, segale</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Bangka Cina dialect, spoken by the Chinese community in Bangka, incorporates loanwords from Hakka. For example, <i>amoi</i> 'Chinese girls', which is derived from the Hakka word â-moi (阿妹), <i>cion</i> 'beautiful', which is derived from the Hakka word chiâng (靚), and <i>hoklo</i> 'rich person', which is derived from the Hakka word ho̍k-ló (學佬). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangka Malay, like many other regional languages in Indonesia, lacks a standardized phonological system. Each dialect may also have unique phonological features not found in other dialects. Nevertheless, the phonological system of most Bangka Malay dialects is largely based on standard <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_orthography" title="Indonesian orthography">Indonesian orthography</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, all Bangka Malay dialects have the same number of <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a>, possessing six phonemic vowels: i, ə, e, a, o, and u.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198418_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198418-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198415_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198415-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Notes:</b> </p> <ul><li>In writing, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>/</span> are both represented as <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span>.</li> <li>Final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>/</span> in <i>Baku</i> Malay/Indonesian correspond to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>/</span> in Bangka Malay, so <i>Baku</i> Malay/Indonesian <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">ada</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ada/</span> "to have" corresponds to Bangka Malay <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">ade</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/adə/</span>.</li> <li><i>Baku</i> Malay/Indonesian <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span> in closed syllables correspond to lower <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>/</span> in Bangka Malay, so <i>Baku</i> Malay/Indonesian <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">pasir</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pasir/</span> "sand" and <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">taruh</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/taruh/</span> "to place" correspond to Bangka Malay <span title="Bangka-language text"><i lang="mfb">paser</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/paser/</span> and <span title="Bangka-language text"><i lang="mfb">tarok</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/taroʔ/</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All Bangka Malay dialects have 19 consonants, similar to <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Malay">Standard Malay</a>. However, there are some differences in the articulation of certain consonants. For example, in Standard Malay and Indonesian, the consonant "w" is an approximant velar consonant, while in Bangka Malay, "w" is an approximant labial consonant.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198424_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198424-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveopalatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveopalatal">Alveopalatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>/ <p><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </p> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Notes:</b> </p> <ul><li>In writing, the following phonemes are represented as thus: <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>/</span> is <span class="nowrap">⟨ng⟩</span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a>/</span> is <span class="nowrap">⟨ny⟩</span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a>/</span> is <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>/</span> is <span class="nowrap">⟨j⟩</span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>/</span> is <span class="nowrap">⟨k⟩</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>/</span> only occurs root-finally.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diphthongs">Diphthongs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diphthongs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Bangka Malay, there are almost no words that begin with <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthongs</a>. Generally, diphthongs are found at the end of words.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199129_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199129-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all dialects of the Bangka Malay language, there are three diphthongs, namely /ai̯/, /oi̯/, and /au̯/. The diphthongs /ai̯/ and /oy/ are fronting diphthongs, and the diphthong /aw/ is a backing diphthong. The use of these diphthongs can be seen below: </p> <ul><li>/ai̯/: <i>pant<b>ay</b></i> 'beach', <i>sung<b>ay</b></i> 'river'</li> <li>/oi̯/: <i><b>oy</b></i> 'oi', <i>amb<b>oy</b></i> 'wow'</li> <li>/au̯/: <i>sur<b>aw</b></i> '<a href="/wiki/Surau" title="Surau">surau</a>', <i>bul<b>aw</b></i> 'fur'</li></ul> <p>The Pangkalpinang dialect has two additional diphthongs, which are /ow/ and /ey/.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199130_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199130-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pangkalpinang dialect commonly employs the diphthongs /aw/ or /ow/ at the end of words, whereas other dialects typically use the vowel /u/. In addition, the Pangkalpinang dialect uses the diphthong /ey/ at the end of words, while other dialects use the vowel /i/ at the end of words. The use of these diphthongs can be seen below: </p> <ul><li>/ou̯/: <i>bar<b>ow</b></i> 'new' (other dialects: <i>baru</i>), <i>bat<b>ow</b></i> 'stone' (other dialects: <i>batu</i>)</li> <li>/ei̯/: <i>jar<b>ey</b></i> 'finger' (other dialects: <i>jari</i>), <i>kunc<b>ey</b></i> 'key' (other dialects: <i>kunci</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malay_grammar" title="Malay grammar">Malay grammar</a></div> <p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">standard Malay</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic languages</a>, the word order in Bangka Malay is typically <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Subject–verb–object word order">subject-verb-object</a> (SVO). While there are notable exceptions, the grammar structure of Bangka Malay shares many similarities with Indonesian and Standard Malay.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affixes">Affixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Affixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangka Malay has a number of <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">affixes</a> that can join with the base word to form an affixed word. In Bangka Malay, like other Malayic languages, there are three types of affixes: <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefixes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infix" title="Infix">infixes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffixes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198458_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198458-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prefixes are affixes attached at the beginning of a word, suffixes are affixes added at the end of a word, and infixes are affixes inserted in the middle of a word. Similar to other Malayic languages, Bangka Malay words are composed of a root or a root plus derivational affixes. The root is the primary lexical unit of a word and is usually bisyllabic, of the shape CV(C)CV(C). Affixes are "glued" onto roots (which are either nouns or verbs) to alter or expand the primary meaning associated with a given root, effectively generating new words. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prefixes">Prefixes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prefixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In every dialect of Bangka Malay, there are seven prefixes: <i>N-, be-, te-, di-, peN-, se-</i> and <i>ke-</i>. Specifically in the Toboali dialect, the prefix <i>se-</i> changes to <i>ke-</i> based on its phonological characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199137_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199137-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These five dialects of Bangka Malay do not exhibit significant phonological changes in prefixes morphophonemically, in relation to other morphemes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199137_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199137-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prefix <i>N-</i> with a base form of verbs indicates 'performing the action described by the base form', such as <i>merikin</i> for 'counting'. When applied to nouns, the prefix <i>N-</i> signifies (1) 'becoming', as seen in <i>mengarami</i> for 'becoming salt', (2) 'making', as in <i>merempah</i> for 'making spices', (3) 'enjoying' or 'drinking', exemplified by <i>ngopi</i> meaning 'drinking coffee'. When used with adjectives, <i>N-</i> denotes 'becoming', like <i>membesak</i> for 'becoming large' or 'brightening up'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In these dialects, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /n/ when followed by a word starting with a vowel phoneme.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>kapur</i> 'calcium' → <i>ngapur</i> 'calcification'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>kopi</i> 'coffee' → <i>ngopi</i> 'to have a coffee'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>kacaw</i> 'messy' → <i>ngacaw</i> 'to mess up'</li></ul> <p>In those five dialects, the prefix N- changes to /n/ when followed by a word starting with the phoneme /g/. In the Mentok dialect, however, the phoneme /g/ does not undergo <a href="/wiki/Lenition" title="Lenition">lenition</a>, whereas in other dialects, the phoneme /g/ undergo lenition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>gigit</i> 'bite' → <i>nggigit</i> 'to bite' (other dialects is <i>ngigit</i>)</li> <li><i>N- + goyang</i> 'shake' <i>→ nggoyang</i> 'to shake' (other dialects is <i>ngoyan</i>)</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>gunting</i> 'cut' → <i>nggunting</i> 'cut' (other dialects is <i>nguntin</i>)</li></ul> <p>In all five dialects of Bangka Malay, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /m/ when followed by a word that begins with the phoneme /p/. In this case, the phoneme /p/ will disappear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>pacul</i> 'hoe' → <i>macul</i> 'to hoe'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>pegang</i> 'hold' → <i>megang</i> 'to hold'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>pukul</i> 'punch' → <i>mukul</i> 'to punch'</li></ul> <p>In all five dialects of the Bangka Malay language, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /m/ when followed by a word that begins with the phoneme /b/. In this case, the phoneme /b/ does not undergo lenition in the Mentok dialect, whereas in the other dialects, the phoneme /b/ undergo lenition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>beli</i> 'buy' → <i>mbeli</i> 'to buy' (other dialects is <i>meli</i>)</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>buang</i> 'throw' → <i>mbuan</i> 'to throw' (other dialects is <i>muan</i>)</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>bunuh</i> 'kill' → <i>mbunuh</i> 'to kill' (other dialects is <i>munuh</i>)</li></ul> <p>In all five dialects of Bangka Malay, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /ŋe/ when followed by a word that consists of only one syllable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>bom</i> 'bomb' → <i>ngebom</i> 'to bomb'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>cet</i> 'paint' → <i>ngecet</i> 'to paint'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>las</i> 'weld' → <i>ngelas</i> 'to weld'</li></ul> <p>In all five dialects of Bangka Malay, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /ɲ/ when followed by a word that begins with the phoneme /s/.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>sapu</i> 'broom' → <i>nyapu</i> 'to sweep'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>sikat</i> 'brush' → <i>nyapu</i> 'to brush'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>sipak</i> 'kick' → <i>nyipak</i> 'to kick'</li></ul> <p>In all five dialects of Bangka Malay, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /n/ when followed by a word that begins with the phoneme /t/. In this case, the phoneme /t/ will undergo lenition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199140_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199140-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>tulis</i> 'write' → <i>nulies</i> 'to write'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>tangkep</i> 'catch' → <i>nangkep</i> 'to catch'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>tunjok</i> 'point' → <i>nunjok</i> 'to appoint'</li></ul> <p>In all five dialects of the Bangka Malay language, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /n/ when followed by a word that begins with the phoneme /d/. In this case, the phoneme /d/ does not undergo lenition in the Mentok dialect, whereas in the other dialects, the phoneme /d/ undergo lenition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199140_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199140-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>dapet</i> 'get' → <i>ndapet</i> 'to get' (other dialects is <i>napet</i>)</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>darat</i> 'land' → <i>ndarat</i> 'to land' (other dialects is <i>narat</i>)</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>denger</i> 'hear' → <i>ndenger</i> 'to hear' (other dialects is <i>nenger</i>)</li></ul> <p>When followed by a word that begins with the phoneme /l/ or the phoneme /j/, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /n/. In this case, the phoneme /l/ or /j/ does not undergo lenition in the Mentok dialect. In the other dialects, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /ɲ/. In this case, the phoneme /l/ or /j/ undergo lenition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199141_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199141-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>cuci</i> 'wash' → <i>nyuci</i> 'to get' (other dialects is <i>ncuci</i>)</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>cube</i> 'try' → <i>nyube</i> 'to try' (other dialects is <i>ncube</i>)</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>jual</i> 'sell' → <i>nyual</i> 'to hear' (other dialects is <i>njual</i>)</li></ul> <p>When followed by a word that begins with the phoneme /l/, /r/, /w/, or /y/, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /ŋe/ in the Mentok dialect. In this case, the phonemes /l/, /r/, /w/, and /y/ do not undergo lenition. In the other dialects, the prefix <i>N-</i> changes to /me/. In this case, the phonemes /l/, /r/, /w/, and /y/ also do not undergo lenition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199141_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199141-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>lapis</i> 'layer' → <i>ngelapis</i> 'to layer' (other dialects is <i>melapis</i>)</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>lipet</i> 'fold' → <i>ngelipet</i> 'to fold' (other dialects is <i>melipet</i>)</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>rase</i> 'taste' → <i>ngerase</i> 'to taste' (other dialects is <i>merase</i>)</li></ul> <p>Some speakers of the Belinyu, Sungailiat, and Pangkalpinang dialects also use the allomorphs /meŋ/, /mem/, /men/, and /meɲ/ alongside the allomorphs /ŋ/, /m/, /n/, and /ɲ/.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199142_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199142-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>N-</i> + <i>buang</i> 'throw' → <i>membuang</i> or <i>muang</i> 'to throw'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>tulis</i> 'write' → <i>menulis</i> or <i>nulis</i> 'to write'</li> <li><i>N-</i> + <i>sipak</i> 'kick' → <i>menyipak</i> or <i>nyipak</i> 'to kick'</li></ul> <p>The prefix <i>be-</i> with a base form of verbs signifies 'often performing the action described by the base form', such as <i>beburu</i> for 'often hunting'. The prefix <i>be-</i> with a base form of nouns denotes (1) 'having', as in <i>beanak</i> for 'having children', (2) 'ascending', like <i>beuto</i> for 'ascending a hill' or <i>bermobil</i> for 'using a car', (3) 'wearing', as in <i>besepan</i> for 'wearing trousers', (4) 'engaging in', such as <i>bekebon</i> for 'engaging in gardening' or 'gardening', and (5) 'containing', exemplified by <i>beracun</i> meaning 'containing poison'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In all five dialects of Bangka Malay, the prefix <i>be-</i> changes to /ber/ when attached to a word that begins with a vowel phoneme. However, when attached to a word that begins with a different phoneme, the prefix <i>be-</i> does not change.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199142_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199142-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>be-</i> + <i>perang</i> 'war' → <i>berperang</i> 'to wage war'</li> <li><i>be-</i> + <i>asep</i> 'smoke' → <i>berasep</i> 'smoky'</li> <li><i>be-</i> + <i>aek</i> 'water' → <i>beraek</i> 'watery'</li></ul> <p>The prefix <i>te-</i> with a base form of verbs signifies 'completed, unintentional, or capable of performing the action described by the base form', such as <i>teangkat</i> for 'accidentally lifted' or 'able to be lifted'. The prefix <i>te-</i> with a base form of nouns means 'to emit', like <i>tekemah</i> for 'to emit a smell' or 'to urinate'. The prefix <i>te-</i> with a base form of adjectives means 'more', as in <i>tepedas</i> for 'more spicy' or 'spicier'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In all five dialects of Bangka Malay, the prefix <i>te-</i> changes to /ter/ when attached to a word that begins with a vowel phoneme, whereas when attached to a word that begins with a different phoneme, the prefix <i>te-</i> does not change.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199142_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199142-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>te- + angket</i> 'lift' → <i>terangket</i> 'get lifted'</li> <li><i>te- + makan</i> 'eat' → <i>termakan</i> 'get eaten'</li> <li><i>te- + buang</i> 'throw' → <i>terbuang</i> 'get thrown'</li></ul> <p>The prefix <i>peN-</i> with a base form of verbs denotes 'someone or something that performs the action described by the base form', such as <i>pencuci</i> for 'someone or something that washes'. Prefix <i>peN-</i> with a base form of adjectives signifies 'having the quality of being lazy' or 'a tool for becoming', as seen in <i>penalus</i> for 'a tool for becoming smooth' or 'a smoother'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In all five dialects of Bangka Malay, the prefix <i>di-</i> does not have any alternates. In these dialects, the prefix <i>peN-</i> changes to <i>pen-</i> when preceding words starting with /j/, /t/, /d/, /e/. In this case, /j/ and /t/ undergo lenition, while /d/, /e/, or /j/ do not undergo lenition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199143_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199143-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>peN- + tari</i> 'dance' → <i>penari</i> 'dancer'</li> <li><i>peN- + dateng</i> 'come' → <i>pendateng</i> 'newcomer'</li> <li><i>peN- + jale</i> 'net' → <i>penjale</i> 'netter'</li></ul> <p>Prefix <i>peN-</i> changes to <i>pen</i> when preceding a word that begins with the phoneme /s/, and the phoneme /s/ undergo lenition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199143_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199143-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>peN- + sapu</i> 'broom' → <i>penyapu</i> 'sweeper'</li> <li><i>peN- + suap</i> 'bribe' → <i>penyuap</i> 'briber'</li> <li><i>peN- + sayang</i> 'care' → <i>penyayang</i> 'carer'</li></ul> <p>Prefix <i>peN-</i> changes to /pe/ when preceding a word that begins with the phoneme /l/, /r/, /w/, or /j/.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199143_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199143-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example </p> <ul><li><i>peN- + wares</i> 'inherit' → <i>pewares</i> 'inheriter'</li> <li><i>peN- + wangi</i> 'fragrant' → <i>pewangi</i> 'fragrance'</li> <li><i>peN- + rase</i> 'taste' → <i>perase</i> 'taster'</li></ul> <p>The prefix <i>se-</i> with a base form of verbs signifies 'doing an action together with others', such as <i>seminum</i> for 'drinking together'. Prefix <i>se-</i> with a base form of nouns means 'using something together', like <i>seromah</i> for 'using a house together' or 'living together'. Prefix <i>se-</i> with a base form of adjectives denotes 'similar', as in <i>sebesar</i> for 'as big as' or 'of the same size'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In all five dialects of Bangka Malay, the prefix <i>se-</i> does not have any alternates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>se-</i> + <i>romah</i> 'house' → <i>seromah</i> 'whole house'</li> <li><i>se-</i> + <i>tinggi</i> 'tall' → <i>setinggi</i> 'as tall as'</li> <li><i>se-</i> + <i>luas</i> 'wide' → <i>seluas</i> 'as wide as'</li></ul> <p>The prefix <i>ke-</i> with a base form of verbs means 'to be affected by', such as <i>kecopet</i> for 'to be affected by pickpocketing' or 'to get pickpocketed'. Prefix <i>ke-</i> with a base form of adjectives signifies 'being viewed', like <i>ketua</i> for 'being viewed as a leader' or 'leader'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Bangka Malay, the prefix <i>ke-</i> does not have any alternates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>ke- + tue</i> 'old' → <i>ketue</i> 'leader, elder'</li> <li><i>ke- + kaseh</i> 'love' → <i>kekaseh</i> 'lover'</li> <li><i>ke- + liet</i> 'see' → <i>keliet</i> 'visible'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infixes">Infixes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Infixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Bangka Malay, there exist three infixes: <i>-el-</i>, <i>-em-</i>, <i>-er-</i>. However, these infixes are not that productive in forming new words within this language. There are very few newly formed words utilizing these infixes across the five dialects of Bangka Malay. In Bangka Malay, infix is defined as 'many or multiple', such as <i>gerigi</i> which means 'many teeth'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>-el- + tunjuk</i> 'point' → <i>telunjuk</i> 'index finger'</li> <li><i>-el- + tapak</i> 'footstep' → <i>telapak</i> 'palm'</li> <li><i>-em- + guncan</i> 'shake' → <i>gemuncan</i> 'shaking'</li> <li><i>-em- + guruh</i> 'thunder' → <i>gemuruh</i> 'thundering'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suffixes">Suffixes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Suffixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Bangka Malay, there are three suffixes: <i>-ken</i>, <i>-ne</i>, and <i>-an</i>. The usage of these suffixes varies across the five dialects of Bangka Malay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199145_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199145-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The suffix <i>-ken</i> with a base form of verbs means 'to put into or to make into', similar to the suffix <i>-kan</i> in Standard Indonesian and Malay, such as <i>sarongken</i> for 'to put into a sheath' or 'to sheath'. The suffix <i>-ken</i> with a base form of adjectives means 'to make more', such as <i>kecitken</i> for 'to make smaller' or 'to shrink'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suffix <i>-ken</i> varies across different dialects. The Mentok, Belinyu, and Toboali dialects use <i>-ken</i>, the Sungailiat dialect also uses <i>-ken</i>, but pronounced as /kən/, and the Pangkalpinang dialect uses <i>-kan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199145_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199145-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usage of the suffix is shown below: </p> <ul><li><i>duduk</i> 'sit' + <i>-ken → dudukken</i> 'to make someone sit'</li> <li><i>minom</i> 'drink' + <i>-ken → minomken</i> 'to make someone drink'</li> <li><i>lari</i> 'run' + <i>-ken → lariken</i> 'to make someone run'</li></ul> <p>The suffix <i>-nye</i> with a base form of verbs or adjectives denotes 'something related to the matter mentioned in the base form', as seen in <i>larinye</i>, which refers to 'something related to running or its running'. The equivalent in Standard Indonesian and Malay for this suffix is <i>-nya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suffix also varies across different dialects. The Mentok dialect uses <i>-nye</i>, the Belinyu dialect uses <i>-nyo</i>, while the Sungailiat, Toboali, and Pangkalpinang dialects use <i>-e</i>, pronounced as /ə/.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199146_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199146-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usage is shown below: </p> <ul><li><i>tinggi</i> 'tall' + <i>-nye → tingginye</i> 'so tall'</li> <li><i>malam</i> 'night' + <i>-nye → malamnye</i> 'so dark'</li> <li><i>puteh</i> 'white' + <i>-nye → putihnye</i> 'so white'</li></ul> <p>The suffix <i>-an</i>, in Bangka Malay, is only used with verbs to form new words meaning 'tool or result of performing the action indicated by the base form', such as <i>timbangan</i> 'weight scale', which means 'tool for or result of weighing'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suffix <i>-an</i> is only used in the Mentok, Sungailiat, and Pangkalpinang dialects. The Belinyu dialect often does not use the suffix <i>-an</i>. In fact, the Toboali dialect does not use this suffix at all. In the Belinyu dialect, words like <i>cucian</i> 'laundry' are expressed as <i>baju kotor</i> and <i>tulisan</i> 'writing' as <i>tulis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199146_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199146-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usage is shown below: </p> <ul><li><i>main</i> 'play' + <i>-an</i> <i>→ mainan</i> 'toy'</li> <li><i>hari</i> 'day' + <i>-an</i> <i>→ harian</i> 'daily routine'</li> <li><i>cuci</i> 'wash' + <i>-an</i> <i>→ cucian</i> 'laundry'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reduplication">Reduplication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reduplication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The five dialects in Bangka Malay do not show variations in the use of full <a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">reduplication</a>. Full reduplication is applied to nouns, verbs, and adjectives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Full reduplication with nouns is used to indicate plurality or forms resembling the base form. For example: </p> <ul><li><i>kude-kude</i> 'horse-horse'</li> <li><i>rumah-rumah</i> 'house-house'</li> <li><i>pal-pal</i> 'pole-pole' (from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</li></ul> <p>Full reduplication with verbs in Bangka Malay is used to indicate performing the action described by the base form repeatedly or continuously.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>duduk-duduk '</i>sitting idly'</li> <li><i>jalan-jalan</i> 'walking around'</li> <li><i>makan-makan</i> 'eating together'</li></ul> <p>Full reduplication with adjectives in Bangka Malay is used to express intensity or to indicate being constantly in the state described by the base form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>pintar-pintar</i> 'smart'</li> <li><i>rajin-rajin</i> 'hardworking'</li> <li><i>sakit-sakit</i> 'sick'</li></ul> <p>Partial reduplication with verbs is used to indicate repeated actions or reciprocal actions described by the base form. In this case, the Belinyu dialect uses the prefix <i>be-</i>, while other dialects use the prefix <i>N-</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>begebuk-gebuk</i> 'to fight one another' (other dialects is <i>gebuk-mengebuk</i>)</li> <li><i>betarik-tarik</i> 'to pull one another' (other dialects is <i>tarik-menarik)</i></li> <li><i>betiru-tiru</i> 'to mimic one another' (other dialects is <i>tiru-meniru)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nouns">Nouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">Nouns</a> can be combined with the suffixes <i>-ku</i> and <i>-e</i> as well as the prefix <i>peN-</i> or can be directly linked with numerals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198483_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198483-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some base words that are already counted as nouns. For example: </p> <ul><li><i>burung</i> 'bird'</li> <li><i>bini</i> 'wife'</li> <li><i>sungot</i> 'mouth'</li> <li><i>telo</i> 'egg'</li> <li><i>asuk</i> 'dog' (from <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>)</li></ul> <p>Nouns can also be identified through a number of distinguishing features. For example, numerals are a stable determinant of nouns. Noun-forming affixes include <i>-ku</i>, <i>-e</i>, and <i>peN-</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198484_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198484-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include: </p> <ul><li><i>ketue</i> 'leader' or 'elder'</li> <li><i>pemaling</i> 'thief'</li> <li><i>penjerat</i> 'trapper'</li> <li><i>umahku</i> 'my house'</li> <li><i>binie</i> 'his wife'</li></ul> <p>Nouns can also be combined with <a href="/wiki/Personal_pronoun" title="Personal pronoun">personal pronouns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demonstrative" title="Demonstrative">demonstrative pronouns</a>, such as <i>ika'</i> 'your', <i>kite</i> 'our (exclusive)', <i>ini</i> 'this' or <i>itu</i> 'that'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198483_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198483-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>umah ikak</i> 'your house'</li> <li><i>umah kite</i> 'our house'</li> <li><i>umah ini</i> 'this house'</li> <li><i>umah itu</i> 'that house'</li></ul> <p>Nouns can also be combined with quantitative structural words, such as <i>banyak</i> 'many' or <i>tiap</i> 'every'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198485_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198485-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>banyak umah tebakar</i> 'many houses are on fire'</li> <li><i>banyak urang nanam kupi</i> 'many people are planting coffees'</li> <li><i>bakarung-karung kupi</i> 'sacks of coffee'</li> <li><i>tiap urang</i> Islam 'every Muslims'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">Verbs</a> are words that can be used as commands or words that have the affixes <i>me-</i>, <i>di-</i>, <i>be-</i>, <i>ke-</i>, <i>-kan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198485_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198485-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several verbs that are already in the form of base words. For example: </p> <ul><li><i>ambik</i> 'take'</li> <li><i>duduk</i> 'sit'</li> <li><i>kejar</i> 'chase'</li> <li><i>tugak</i> 'call'</li></ul> <p>The affixes that determine verbs are as follows: </p> <ul><li><i>mawak</i> 'to bring'</li> <li><i>nyerong</i> 'to push'</li> <li><i>dicekek</i> 'got strangled'</li> <li><i>dimakan</i> 'got eaten'</li> <li><i>betemu</i> 'to meet'</li> <li><i>bebunyi</i> 'to sound'</li> <li><i>kedengar</i> 'to be heard'</li> <li><i>kepanas</i> 'to feel hot'</li> <li><i>basuhken</i> 'to wash'</li> <li><i>polidangken</i> 'to throw'</li> <li><i>teinjak</i> 'got stepped'</li> <li><i>tegantung</i> 'got hanged'</li></ul> <p>The structural word <i>lah</i> in commands serves as a determinant for verbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198487_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198487-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>pangkulah</i> 'to grasp'</li> <li><i>bacelah</i> 'to read'</li> <li><i>simpenlah</i> 'to keep'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectives">Adjectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Adjectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adjectives are words that can be compared and occupy specific positions in sentences. Adjectives can be basic words consisting of two syllables or occasionally just one syllable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198487_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198487-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>kayo</i> 'rich'</li> <li><i>kutor</i> 'dirty'</li> <li><i>burok</i> 'bad'</li> <li><i>besak</i> 'big'</li> <li><i>kecit</i> 'small'</li></ul> <p>Adjectives can also take the form of derived words, which can be created by adding prefixes or through reduplication.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198487_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198487-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>sepacak-pacake</i> 'as much as possible'</li> <li><i>sekecit-kecite</i> 'as small as possible'</li> <li><i>tekayo</i> 'richest'</li> <li><i>tetinggi</i> 'highest'</li></ul> <p>There are several adverbs that can function as determiners for adjectives. These adverbs can occupy positions both before and after adjectives in sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198489_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198489-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include <i>umon</i> 'really', <i>sikit</i> 'a little', <i>paling</i> 'most', and <i>dak</i> 'not'. The usage of these words can be seen below: </p> <ul><li><i>panas umon</i> 'really hot'</li> <li><i>kutor umon</i> 'really dirty'</li> <li><i>merah sikit</i> 'a little red'</li> <li><i>maju sikit</i> 'a little forward'</li> <li><i>paling gancang</i> 'the fastest'</li> <li><i>paling membantu</i> 'the most helpful'</li> <li><i>dak luas</i> 'not wide'</li> <li><i>dak sihat</i> 'not healthy'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adverbs">Adverbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Adverbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">Adverb</a> can occupy both the initial and final positions in a sentence. Examples of adverbs include <i>agik</i> 'again', <i>di sini</i> 'here', <i>pelan</i> 'slowly', and <i>terang umon</i> 'clearly'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198489_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198489-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their usage can be seen in the following examples: </p> <ul><li><i>Urang tu ngisahken kisahe sekali <b>agik</b>.</i> 'The man told his story once again'</li> <li><i>Urang tu ngisahken kisahe <b>di sini</b></i>. 'The man tells his story here.'</li> <li><i>Die nyupir <b>pelan</b></i>. 'He's driving the car slowly.'</li> <li><i><b>Terang umon</b> die ngisah kisahe</i>. 'He's telling the story clearly.'</li></ul> <p>The degree of comparison of adverbs can be divided into comparative and superlative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198490_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198490-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of comparative adverbs are: </p> <ul><li><i>lambat nue</i> 'slower'</li> <li><i>jelas nue</i> 'clealer'</li></ul> <p>Examples of superlative adverbs are: </p> <ul><li><i>selambete</i> 'slowest'</li> <li><i>sejelase</i> 'clearest'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">Pronouns</a> in Bangka Malay can be divided into <a href="/wiki/Personal_pronoun" title="Personal pronoun">personal pronouns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demonstrative" title="Demonstrative">demonstrative pronouns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interrogative_word" title="Interrogative word">interrogative pronouns</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_pronouns">Personal pronouns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Personal pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This table shows an overview over the most commonly and widely used personal pronouns in Bangka Malay. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Person </th> <th rowspan="2">Singular </th> <th colspan="3">Plural </th></tr> <tr> <th width="75">Neutral </th> <th>Exclusive </th> <th>Inclusive </th></tr> <tr> <th>1st person </th> <td><i>aku, ku, kami, saye, sayo</i> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td><i>kami, kamek</i> </td> <td><i>kite, kito</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2nd person </th> <td><i>ikak, kau, ka, saudara, engka, ente</i> </td> <td align="center"><i>diorang, ikak, jorang</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3rd person </th> <td><i>die, nya, no, nyo, ikak, entei, beliau</i> </td> <td align="center"><i>ikak, mereka</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There can exist different pronouns in Bangka Malay with the same English equivalent, depending on the politeness level or other usage. For example, "I" in Bangka Malay can be translated as <i>aku</i> or <i>saye</i>. <i>Saye</i> is usually used in more polite situations, while <i>aku</i> is the opposite. </p><p>The usage of personal pronouns varies among the dialects of Bangka Malay. For example, <i>sayo</i> 'I', <i>kamek</i> 'we (exclusive)', and <i>kito</i> 'we (inclusive)' are primarily used in the Belinyu dialect, while other dialects use <i>saye</i>, <i>kami</i>, and <i>kite</i> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.1984106_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.1984106-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>ente</i> 'you', borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, is primarily used in the Central Bangka dialect (<a href="/wiki/Pangkalpinang" title="Pangkalpinang">Pangkalpinang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sungailiat" title="Sungailiat">Sungailiat</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198473_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198473-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>ikak</i> can have different meanings depending on the dialect. In the Mentok dialect, it means 'you,' whereas in the Toboali dialect, it means 'them.' </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interrogative_pronouns">Interrogative pronouns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Interrogative pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of interrogative pronouns in Bangka Malay include <i>ape/apo</i> 'what', <i>siape/sape/sapo</i> 'who/whose', <i>macem mane/cemane</i> 'how', <i>hape</i> 'who (Toboali dialect)', <i>berape</i> 'how much', <i>sebile</i> 'when', <i>hebile</i> 'when (Toboali dialect)', and <i>ngape</i> 'why'. The usage of the aforementioned words are shown below: </p> <ul><li><i><b>Ape</b> gawe ikak? '</i>What are your jobs?'</li> <li><i>Etek <b>sape</b> ni masok dapor kite ni?</i> 'Whose duck came into our kitchen?'</li> <li><i>Cobelah pakai akel <b>cemane</b> care e bise pulang.</i> 'Try to use your wits to figure out how you can go home.'</li> <li><i><b>Berape</b> angke plat motor ka?</i> 'What is your motorcycle's license plate number?'</li> <li><i>Yo <b>sebile</b> bawak urang rumah e ke sini?</i> 'When will you bring your wife here?'</li> <li><i><b>Ngape</b> ka begegese cem tu, santai bai</i>. 'Why are you so restless? Just calm down.'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Demonstrative_pronouns">Demonstrative pronouns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Demonstrative pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two demonstrative pronouns in Bangka Malay. <i>Ni</i> "this, these" is used for a noun generally near to the speaker. <i>Tu</i> "that, those" is used for a noun generally far from the speaker. Either may sometimes be equivalent to English "the". There is no difference between singular and plural. Example of the usage of these words are shown below: </p> <ul><li><i>Tolong isik angen ban motorku <b>ni</b></i>. 'Please fill up my motorbike's tires.'</li> <li><i>Belagak e ka <b>ni</b></i>. You are so arrogant.'</li> <li><i>Nasik di atas meja <b>tu</b> lah basik</i>. 'The rice on the table is already spoiled.'</li> <li><i>Kanak-kanak <b>tu</b> maen bal terus</i>. 'The children keep playing the ball.'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other Malayic languages, Bangka Malay features several unique vocabularies that are not found in <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Standard Malay</a> or <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>. Additionally, each dialect within Bangka Malay has its own lexical differences. As Bangka was historically governed by the <a href="/wiki/Palembang_Sultanate" title="Palembang Sultanate">Palembang Sultanate</a>, there has been significant lexical influence from <a href="/wiki/Palembang_language" title="Palembang language">Palembang Malay</a> on Bangka Malay, particularly in the Belinyu dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198435_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198435-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangka Malay has absorbed loanwords from Palembang Malay, such as <i>sikok</i> 'one', <i>betino</i> 'female', and <i>mato</i> 'eye'. In addition, under the influence of Palembang Malay, Bangka Malay has incorporated a significant number of <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> loanwords, as Javanese was once the court language of the Palembang Sultanate.<sup id="cite_ref-tadmor_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tadmor-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terms such as <i>buntut</i> 'tail' and <i>kuping</i> 'ear' have entered Bangka Malay via Palembang Malay, originating from Javanese. The influence of Javanese and other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">regional languages</a> on Bangka Malay may have increased due to the influx of <a href="/wiki/Transmigration_program" title="Transmigration program">migrants</a> from other parts of Indonesia to Bangka. With Indonesian holding the status of the national language and serving as the language of education and business in Indonesia, Bangka Malay has gradually begun to absorb many loanwords from Indonesian. This phenomenon is not only observed in Bangka Malay, but also in other regional languages throughout the country. </p><p>There is also some influence of foreign languages on Bangka Malay, notably from <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>. The influx of immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> in the 19th century led to a significant <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a> community settling in Bangka. As a result, Bangka Malay has incorporated vocabulary from Hakka. As Bangka was once under <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch rule</a>, similar to other parts of Indonesia, it adopted a few loanwords from Dutch. Some words derived from Dutch in Bangka Malay are not found in standard Indonesian or other languages, such as <i>bal</i> 'ball', which in standard Indonesian and Malay is translated as <i>bola,</i> as well as <i>uto</i> 'car' which in standard Indonesian and Malay is translated as <i>mobil</i> or <i>kereta</i> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESusilo201815_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESusilo201815-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arabic words entered Bangka Malay due to the <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">spread of Islam</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesians" title="Arab Indonesians">Arab migration</a> to Bangka,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> examples include <i>afdhol</i> 'better' and <i>ente</i> 'you'. </p><p>Below are examples of commonly used Bangka Malay vocabulary in various dialects, along with their Indonesian and English translations: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number </th> <th>Mentok </th> <th>Belinyu </th> <th>Toboali </th> <th>Sungailiat and Pangkalpinang </th> <th>Indonesian </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><i>sekok</i> </td> <td><i>sikok</i> </td> <td><i>hikok</i> </td> <td><i>sikok</i> </td> <td><i>satu</i> </td> <td>one </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><i>due</i> </td> <td><i>duo</i> </td> <td><i>due</i> </td> <td><i>due</i> </td> <td><i>dua</i> </td> <td>two </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><i>tige</i> </td> <td><i>tigo</i> </td> <td><i>tige</i> </td> <td><i>tige</i> </td> <td><i>tiga</i> </td> <td>three </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><i>empat</i> </td> <td><i>empat</i> </td> <td><i>empat</i> </td> <td><i>empat</i> </td> <td><i>empat</i> </td> <td>four </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><i>lime</i> </td> <td><i>limo</i> </td> <td><i>lime</i> </td> <td><i>lime</i> </td> <td><i>lima</i> </td> <td>five </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><i>enam</i> </td> <td><i>nem</i> </td> <td><i>enam</i> </td> <td><i>enam</i> </td> <td><i>enam</i> </td> <td>six </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><i>tujuh</i> </td> <td><i>tuju</i> </td> <td><i>tujo</i> </td> <td><i>tujuh</i> </td> <td><i>tujuh</i> </td> <td>seven </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><i>lapan</i> </td> <td><i>lapan</i> </td> <td><i>lapan</i> </td> <td><i>lapan</i> </td> <td><i>delapan</i> </td> <td>eight </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><i>sembilan</i> </td> <td><i>semilan</i> </td> <td><i>hembilan</i> </td> <td><i>sembilan</i> </td> <td><i>sembilan</i> </td> <td>nine </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><i>sepulo</i> </td> <td><i>sepulu</i> </td> <td><i>hampuloh</i> </td> <td><i>sepuloh</i> </td> <td><i>sepuluh</i> </td> <td>ten </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><i>sebelas</i> </td> <td><i>sebelas</i> </td> <td><i>hebelas</i> </td> <td><i>sebelas</i> </td> <td><i>sebelas</i> </td> <td>eleven </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><i>due pulo</i> </td> <td><i>duo pulu</i> </td> <td><i>due puloh</i> </td> <td><i>due puloh</i> </td> <td><i>dua puluh</i> </td> <td>twenty </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td><i>lime pulo</i> </td> <td><i>limo pulu</i> </td> <td><i>lime puloh</i> </td> <td><i>lime puloh</i> </td> <td><i>lima puluh</i> </td> <td>fifty </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 </td> <td><i>seratus</i> </td> <td><i>seratuh</i> </td> <td><i>heratus</i> </td> <td><i>seratus</i> </td> <td><i>seratus</i> </td> <td>one hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td>500 </td> <td><i>lime ratus</i> </td> <td><i>limo ratuh</i> </td> <td><i>lime ratus</i> </td> <td><i>lime ratus</i> </td> <td><i>lima ratus</i> </td> <td>five hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td>1000 </td> <td><i>seribu</i> </td> <td><i>seribu</i> </td> <td><i>heribu</i> </td> <td><i>seribu</i> </td> <td><i>seribu</i> </td> <td>one thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td>5000 </td> <td><i>lime ribu</i> </td> <td><i>limo ribu</i> </td> <td><i>lime ribu</i> </td> <td><i>lime ribu</i> </td> <td><i>lima ribu</i> </td> <td>five thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td>100,000 </td> <td><i>seratus ribu</i> </td> <td><i>seratuh ribu</i> </td> <td><i>heratus ribu</i> </td> <td><i>seratus ribu</i> </td> <td><i>seratus ribu</i> </td> <td>one hundred thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,000,000 </td> <td><i>sejute, sekok jute</i> </td> <td><i>sejuto, sikok juto</i> </td> <td><i>hejute, hikok jute</i> </td> <td><i>sejute, sikok jute</i> </td> <td><i>sejuta, satu juta</i> </td> <td>one million </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directions">Directions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Directions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mentok </th> <th>Belinyu </th> <th>Toboali </th> <th>Sungailiat and Pangkalpinang </th> <th>Indonesian </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>nyi</i> </td> <td><i>ni</i> </td> <td><i>ini</i> </td> <td><i>ni</i> </td> <td><i>ini</i> </td> <td>this </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tu</i> </td> <td><i>tu</i> </td> <td><i>itu</i> </td> <td><i>tu</i> </td> <td><i>itu</i> </td> <td>that </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>sini</i> </td> <td><i>sini</i> </td> <td><i>hini</i> </td> <td><i>sini</i> </td> <td><i>sini</i> </td> <td>here </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>sane</i> </td> <td><i>sano</i> </td> <td><i>hane</i> </td> <td><i>sane</i> </td> <td><i>sana</i> </td> <td>there </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>disini</i> </td> <td><i>disini</i> </td> <td><i>dihini</i> </td> <td><i>disini</i> </td> <td><i>disini</i> </td> <td>over here </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>disane</i> </td> <td><i>disano</i> </td> <td><i>dihane</i> </td> <td><i>disane</i> </td> <td><i>disana</i> </td> <td>over there </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kiri</i> </td> <td><i>kiri</i> </td> <td><i>kiri</i> </td> <td><i>kiri</i> </td> <td><i>kiri</i> </td> <td>left </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kanan</i> </td> <td><i>kanan</i> </td> <td><i>kanan</i> </td> <td><i>kanan</i> </td> <td><i>kanan</i> </td> <td>right </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>atas</i> </td> <td><i>atas</i> </td> <td><i>atas</i> </td> <td><i>atas</i> </td> <td><i>atas</i> </td> <td>up </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>baweh</i> </td> <td><i>baweh</i> </td> <td><i>baweh</i> </td> <td><i>baweh</i> </td> <td><i>bawah</i> </td> <td>down </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>utara</i> </td> <td><i>utaro</i> </td> <td><i>utara</i> </td> <td><i>utare</i> </td> <td><i>utara</i> </td> <td>north </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>selatan</i> </td> <td><i>selatan</i> </td> <td><i>helet</i> </td> <td><i>selatan</i> </td> <td><i>selatan</i> </td> <td>south </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>timur</i> </td> <td><i>timur</i> </td> <td><i>timur</i> </td> <td><i>timur</i> </td> <td><i>timur</i> </td> <td>east </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>barat</i> </td> <td><i>barat</i> </td> <td><i>barat</i> </td> <td><i>barat</i> </td> <td><i>barat</i> </td> <td>west </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_Pronouns_2">Personal Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Personal Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mentok </th> <th>Belinyu </th> <th>Toboali </th> <th>Sungailiat and Pangkalpinang </th> <th>Indonesian </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>aku, kami, saye</i> </td> <td><i>ku, sayo</i> </td> <td><i>aku, saye</i> </td> <td><i>ku, saye</i> </td> <td><i>aku, saya</i> </td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ikak, kau</i> </td> <td><i>kau</i> </td> <td><i>engkak</i> </td> <td><i>ka, ikak</i> </td> <td><i>kamu, engkau</i> </td> <td>you </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kite</i> </td> <td><i>kito</i> </td> <td><i>kite</i> </td> <td><i>kite</i> </td> <td><i>kita</i> </td> <td>we (inclusive) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kami</i> </td> <td><i>kamek</i> </td> <td><i>kami</i> </td> <td><i>kami</i> </td> <td><i>kami</i> </td> <td>we (exclusive) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>diorang, jorang</i> </td> <td><i>diorang, jorang, mereko</i> </td> <td><i>ikak, mereka</i> </td> <td><i>diorang, jorang</i> </td> <td><i>mereka</i> </td> <td>they/them </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>die</i> </td> <td><i>nyo, no</i> </td> <td><i>die</i> </td> <td><i>die, ente</i> </td> <td><i>dia</i> </td> <td>he/she </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interrogatives_Pronouns">Interrogatives Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Interrogatives Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mentok </th> <th>Belinyu </th> <th>Toboali </th> <th>Sungailiat and Pangkalpinang </th> <th>Indonesian </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>ape</i> </td> <td><i>apo</i> </td> <td><i>ape</i> </td> <td><i>ape</i> </td> <td><i>apa</i> </td> <td>what </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>siape, sape</i> </td> <td><i>sapo</i> </td> <td><i>hape</i> </td> <td><i>sape</i> </td> <td><i>siapa</i> </td> <td>who </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ngape</i> </td> <td><i>napo</i> </td> <td><i>ngape</i> </td> <td><i>ngape</i> </td> <td><i>kenapa, mengapa</i> </td> <td>why </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>mane</i> </td> <td><i>mano</i> </td> <td><i>mane</i> </td> <td><i>mane</i> </td> <td><i>mana</i> </td> <td>where </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>sebile</i> </td> <td><i>kapan</i> </td> <td><i>hebile</i> </td> <td><i>sebile</i> </td> <td><i>kapan</i> </td> <td>when </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>macem mane</i> </td> <td><i>macem mano</i> </td> <td><i>macem mane</i> </td> <td><i>macem mane</i> </td> <td><i>bagaimana</i> </td> <td>how </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>berape</i> </td> <td><i>berapo</i> </td> <td><i>berape</i> </td> <td><i>berape</i> </td> <td><i>berapa</i> </td> <td>how much </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nouns_2">Nouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mentok </th> <th>Belinyu </th> <th>Toboali </th> <th>Sungailiat and Pangkalpinang </th> <th>Indonesian </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>laki-laki</i> </td> <td><i>lanang</i> </td> <td><i>laki-laki</i> </td> <td><i>laki-laki</i> </td> <td><i>laki-laki</i> </td> <td>men </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>puan</i> </td> <td><i>betino</i> </td> <td><i>bini</i> </td> <td><i>bini</i> </td> <td><i>perempuan</i> </td> <td>female </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>mate</i> </td> <td><i>mato</i> </td> <td><i>mate</i> </td> <td><i>mate</i> </td> <td><i>mata</i> </td> <td>eye </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>idung</i> </td> <td><i>idung</i> </td> <td><i>idung</i> </td> <td><i>idung</i> </td> <td><i>hidung</i> </td> <td>nose </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>telinge</i> </td> <td><i>kuping</i> </td> <td><i>bilung</i> </td> <td><i>bilong</i> </td> <td><i>telinga</i> </td> <td>ear </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kaki</i> </td> <td><i>kakik</i> </td> <td><i>kaki</i> </td> <td><i>kaki</i> </td> <td><i>kaki</i> </td> <td>leg </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kulit</i> </td> <td><i>kulit</i> </td> <td><i>kulit</i> </td> <td><i>kulit</i> </td> <td><i>kulit</i> </td> <td>skin </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kepale</i> </td> <td><i>kepalak</i> </td> <td><i>kepale</i> </td> <td><i>kepalak</i> </td> <td><i>kepala</i> </td> <td>head </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>buntut</i> </td> <td><i>buntut</i> </td> <td><i>buntut</i> </td> <td><i>buntut</i> </td> <td><i>ekor</i> </td> <td>tail </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>aik</i> </td> <td><i>aek</i> </td> <td><i>aik</i> </td> <td><i>aik</i> </td> <td><i>air</i> </td> <td>water </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>pasir</i> </td> <td><i>pasir</i> </td> <td><i>pasir</i> </td> <td><i>pasir</i> </td> <td><i>pasir</i> </td> <td>sand </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>mateari</i> </td> <td><i>matoari</i> </td> <td><i>mateari</i> </td> <td><i>mateari</i> </td> <td><i>matahari</i> </td> <td>sun </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>bulan</i> </td> <td><i>bulan</i> </td> <td><i>bulan</i> </td> <td><i>bulan</i> </td> <td><i>bulan</i> </td> <td>moon </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>burong</i> </td> <td><i>burung</i> </td> <td><i>burung</i> </td> <td><i>borong</i> </td> <td><i>burung</i> </td> <td>bird </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ikan</i> </td> <td><i>ikan</i> </td> <td><i>ikan</i> </td> <td><i>ikan</i> </td> <td><i>ikan</i> </td> <td>fish </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kebau</i> </td> <td><i>kebu</i> </td> <td><i>kerbau</i> </td> <td><i>kerbau</i> </td> <td><i>kerbau</i> </td> <td>buffalo </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>sapi</i> </td> <td><i>sapi</i> </td> <td><i>hapi</i> </td> <td><i>sapi</i> </td> <td><i>sapi</i> </td> <td>cow </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs_2">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mentok </th> <th>Belinyu </th> <th>Toboali </th> <th>Sungailiat and Pangkalpinang </th> <th>Indonesian </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>minom</i> </td> <td><i>minum</i> </td> <td><i>minom</i> </td> <td><i>minom</i> </td> <td><i>minum</i> </td> <td>to drink </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>makan</i> </td> <td><i>makan</i> </td> <td><i>makan</i> </td> <td><i>makan</i> </td> <td><i>makan</i> </td> <td>to eat </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>gigit</i> </td> <td><i>gigit</i> </td> <td><i>gigit</i> </td> <td><i>gigit</i> </td> <td><i>gigit</i> </td> <td>to bite </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>liat</i> </td> <td><i>liat</i> </td> <td><i>tingok</i> </td> <td><i>liat</i> </td> <td><i>lihat</i> </td> <td>to see </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>dengar</i> </td> <td><i>denger</i> </td> <td><i>denger</i> </td> <td><i>denar</i> </td> <td><i>dengar</i> </td> <td>to hear </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tiduk</i> </td> <td><i>tiduk</i> </td> <td><i>tiduk</i> </td> <td><i>tiduk</i> </td> <td><i>tidur</i> </td> <td>to sleep </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>rase</i> </td> <td><i>aso, rasa</i> </td> <td><i>rase</i> </td> <td><i>rase</i> </td> <td><i>rasa</i> </td> <td>to taste </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>mandik</i> </td> <td><i>mandi</i> </td> <td><i>mandek</i> </td> <td><i>mandik</i> </td> <td><i>mandi</i> </td> <td>to shower </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tau</i> </td> <td><i>tau</i> </td> <td><i>tau</i> </td> <td><i>tau</i> </td> <td><i>tahu</i> </td> <td>to know </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>berenang</i> </td> <td><i>berenang</i> </td> <td><i>berenang</i> </td> <td><i>berenang</i> </td> <td><i>berenang</i> </td> <td>to swim </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>duduk</i> </td> <td><i>duduk</i> </td> <td><i>duduk</i> </td> <td><i>duduk</i> </td> <td><i>duduk</i> </td> <td>to sit </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>berik</i> </td> <td><i>berek</i> </td> <td><i>merek, berek</i> </td> <td><i>berik</i> </td> <td><i>beri</i> </td> <td>to give </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>cium</i> </td> <td><i>sium</i> </td> <td><i>cium</i> </td> <td><i>cium</i> </td> <td><i>cium</i> </td> <td>to kiss </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>datang</i> </td> <td><i>datang</i> </td> <td><i>datang</i> </td> <td><i>datang</i> </td> <td><i>datang</i> </td> <td>to come </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>bediri</i> </td> <td><i>bediri</i> </td> <td><i>bediri</i> </td> <td><i>bediri</i> </td> <td><i>berdiri</i> </td> <td>to stand </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>bejalan</i> </td> <td><i>bejalan</i> </td> <td><i>bejalan</i> </td> <td><i>bejalan</i> </td> <td><i>berjalan</i> </td> <td>walking </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>becakap</i> </td> <td><i>bengomong</i> </td> <td><i>becakap</i> </td> <td><i>bengomong</i> </td> <td><i>berbicara</i> </td> <td>talking </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectives_2">Adjectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Adjectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mentok </th> <th>Belinyu </th> <th>Toboali </th> <th>Sungailiat and Pangkalpinang </th> <th>Indonesian </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>panas</i> </td> <td><i>panas</i> </td> <td><i>panas</i> </td> <td><i>panas</i> </td> <td><i>panas</i> </td> <td>hot </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>sejuk</i> </td> <td><i>dinin</i> </td> <td><i>dingin</i> </td> <td><i>dingin</i> </td> <td><i>dingin, sejuk</i> </td> <td>cold </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>penuh</i> </td> <td><i>panu</i> </td> <td><i>penoh</i> </td> <td><i>penoh</i> </td> <td><i>penuh</i> </td> <td>full </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>baru</i> </td> <td><i>baru</i> </td> <td><i>baru</i> </td> <td><i>baru</i> </td> <td><i>baru</i> </td> <td>new </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>lame</i> </td> <td><i>usan</i> </td> <td><i>lame</i> </td> <td><i>lame</i> </td> <td><i>usang, lama, tua</i> </td> <td>old </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>baik</i> </td> <td><i>baik</i> </td> <td><i>baik</i> </td> <td><i>baik</i> </td> <td><i>baik</i> </td> <td>good </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>rusak</i> </td> <td><i>rusak</i> </td> <td><i>rusak</i> </td> <td><i>rusak</i> </td> <td><i>rusak</i> </td> <td>broken </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>panjang</i> </td> <td><i>panjang</i> </td> <td><i>panjang</i> </td> <td><i>panjang</i> </td> <td><i>panjang</i> </td> <td>long </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>basa</i> </td> <td><i>basa</i> </td> <td><i>basa</i> </td> <td><i>basa</i> </td> <td><i>basah</i> </td> <td>wet </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tinggi</i> </td> <td><i>tinggi</i> </td> <td><i>tinggi</i> </td> <td><i>tinggi</i> </td> <td><i>tinggi</i> </td> <td>tall </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>endep</i> </td> <td><i>endep</i> </td> <td><i>bawa, rendah</i> </td> <td><i>rendah, endep</i> </td> <td><i>rendah</i> </td> <td>short </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kosong</i> </td> <td><i>kosong</i> </td> <td><i>kusong</i> </td> <td><i>kosong</i> </td> <td><i>kosong</i> </td> <td>empty </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>sedih</i> </td> <td><i>sedi</i> </td> <td><i>hedi</i> </td> <td><i>sedih</i> </td> <td><i>sedih</i> </td> <td>sad </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>senang</i> </td> <td><i>gembira</i> </td> <td><i>heneng</i> </td> <td><i>senang</i> </td> <td><i>senang, gembira</i> </td> <td>happy </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>marah</i> </td> <td><i>mara</i> </td> <td><i>mara, benci</i> </td> <td><i>meranin</i> </td> <td><i>marah</i> </td> <td>angry </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>berani</i> </td> <td><i>berani</i> </td> <td><i>berani</i> </td> <td><i>berani</i> </td> <td><i>berani</i> </td> <td>brave </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>takut</i> </td> <td><i>takut</i> </td> <td><i>takut</i> </td> <td><i>takut</i> </td> <td><i>takut</i> </td> <td>scary </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_system">Writing system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Writing system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangka Malay was historically written in the <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi script</a>, also known as Arab-Melayu or Gundul script. This script was introduced during the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Palembang_Sultanate" title="Palembang Sultanate">Palembang Sultanate</a> in Bangka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198411_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArif_et._al.198411-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, many manuscripts found in Bangka are written in the Jawi script.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usage of the script gradually diminishes during the Dutch colonization, due to the introduction of formal education which uses the Latin script.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198454_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198454-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the use of the Jawi script for day-to-day communication is very rare. It is now primarily reserved for cultural purposes, such as writing <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colonial era</a>, the people of Bangka have predominantly used the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_orthography" title="Indonesian orthography">Indonesian orthography</a>. Consequently, the orthography in Bangka Malay has undergone several changes. During the Dutch era, the Bangka Malay-speaking community used the <a href="/wiki/Van_Ophuijsen_Spelling_System" title="Van Ophuijsen Spelling System">Van Ophuijsen Spelling System</a>. From <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> to <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>, they used the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Spelling_System" title="Republican Spelling System">Republican Spelling System</a>. Since 1972, the Bangka Malay-speaking community has been using the Enhanced Spelling System.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198453_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198453-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the earlier Latin orthographic systems still have a significant influence on the Bangka Malay-speaking community. Many of them, especially the older generation, have not fully adopted the Enhanced Spelling System. The influence of the old orthographic systems is clearly evident in the writing of words containing letters that were replaced by other letters in the Enhanced Spelling System.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198454_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198454-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are still many people, possibly a significant number, who write words like <i>cube</i> 'to try', <i>naman</i> 'delicious', and <i>jangui</i> 'chin' with spellings such as <i>chube</i>, <i>nyaman</i>, and <i>djanggu</i> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198454_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198454-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When writing reduplicated words and prepositions, it appears that many people in Bangka have not yet adopted the Enhanced Spelling System. They write reduplicated words using the numeral two and connect prepositions directly with the following noun. For instance, the phrase <i>dikulamkulam</i> 'in the ponds' is written as <i>dikulam2</i>, which is still based on the old Republican Spelling System, whereas according to the Enhanced Spelling System, it should be written as <i>di kulam-kulam</i>. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Bangka Malay-speaking community has not yet adopted a uniform orthographic system for writing their language with the Latin alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198454_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198454-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic languages</a>, Bangka Malay has a tradition of oral literature in the form of poetry and <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198412_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198412-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each region in Bangka may have its own unique version of oral literature. Oral literature in the form of prose consists of folk tales. Poetry, on the other hand, includes various forms such as pantun, campak, mantra, and jampi. The Bangka Malay pantun has a physical structure consisting of: diction, imagery, concrete words, figurative language, as well as rhyme and rhythm. The meaning in pantun is built through an inner structure consisting of: themes, feelings, tones, as well as atmosphere and message.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Bangka, Pantun serves functions such as communication, cultural identity, embellishment of oral traditions, means of propagation, educational tool, embodiment of customs, entertainment, cultural symbols, fostering heroism, and as a means to enhance humanity among the Bangka Malay community.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campak is a local call-and-response type of pantun used in traditional ceremonies to accompany the Campak dance, a traditional dance originating from Bangka.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Below are some examples of pantuns that originated from Bangka along with its Indonesian and English translation: </p> <table cellpadding="8"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bangka Malay </th> <th>Indonesian </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"> <td><i>Miak ko sayang jangen macem ya</i> <p><i>Ngape ke dateng ki marah-marah.</i> </p><p><i>Ko dek de tau ujong pangka.</i> </p><p><i>Apa-apa sebeb e.</i> </p><p><i>Sudeh taharu cendane uli</i> </p><p><i>Sudeh la tau betanyak pula.</i> </p><p><i>Amoy yang ki bonceng kemaren lu</i> </p><p><i>Jangen belagek budu.</i> </p> </td> <td><i>Adek aku sayang jangan begitu</i> <p><i>Kenapa aku datang kamu marah-marah.</i> </p><p><i>Aku tidak tahu ujung pangkalnya</i> </p><p><i>Apa-apa sebabnya.</i> </p><p><i>Sudah gaharu cendana pula</i> </p><p><i>Sudahlah tahu bertanya pula.</i> </p><p><i>Cecek Cina yang kamu bonceng kemaren dulu</i> </p><p><i>Jangan berlagak bodoh.</i> </p> </td> <td>My little brother don't be like that <p>Why are you getting angry when I am coming. </p><p>I don't know the beginning or the end of it </p><p>Any reason for it. </p><p>Already agarwood and sandalwood as well </p><p>You already know yet you still asked. </p><p>The Chinese girl you rode with yesterday </p><p>Don't act stupid. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/mfb/">Bangka Malay</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199166-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199166_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbdullah1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abdullah, Husnial Husin (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7BosAAAAMAAJ&q=Sejarah%20Perjuangan%20Kemerdekaan%20R.I.%20Di%20Bangka%20Belitung"><i>Sejarah perjuangan kemerdekaan R.I. di Bangka-Belitung</i></a> (in Indonesian). Karya Unipress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sejarah+perjuangan+kemerdekaan+R.I.+di+Bangka-Belitung&rft.pub=Karya+Unipress&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Abdullah&rft.aufirst=Husnial+Husin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7BosAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DSejarah%2520Perjuangan%2520Kemerdekaan%2520R.I.%2520Di%2520Bangka%2520Belitung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangka+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdelaarHimmelmann2013" class="citation book cs1">Adelaar, K. 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199147_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199138_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199139_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199140-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199140_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199140_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199141-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199143_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199143_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199144_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199145-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199145_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199145_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199148_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199146-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199146_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199146_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilahidin_et._al.199149_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991">Silahidin et. al. 1991</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198483-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198483_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMustafa_et._al.198483_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a 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Nugraheni, Trianti; Suryawan, Ace Iwan (2021-02-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/109239386">"Tari Campak DI Sanggar Dharma Habangka Kabupaten Bangka Selatan"</a> [The Campak dance at Dharma Habangka Studio in South Bangka Regency.]. <i>Ringkang: Kajian Seni Tari Dan Pendidikan Seni Tari</i> (in Indonesian). <b>1</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ringkang%3A+Kajian+Seni+Tari+Dan+Pendidikan+Seni+Tari&rft.atitle=Tari+Campak+DI+Sanggar+Dharma+Habangka+Kabupaten+Bangka+Selatan&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2021-02-15&rft.aulast=Nugraha&rft.aufirst=Agung&rft.au=Nugraheni%2C+Trianti&rft.au=Suryawan%2C+Ace+Iwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F109239386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangka+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka_Malay&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilahidin_et._al.1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Silahidin, Sofyan; Saleh, YuslizaI; Burhan, Ahyar (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2040/1/Ragam%20%26Dialek%20Bahasa%20Melayu%20Bangka%20%281991%29.pdf"><i>Ragam dan Dialek Bahasa Bangka</i></a> [<i>Varieties and dialects of the Bangka language</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Department of Education and Culture. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-459-105-X" title="Special:BookSources/979-459-105-X"><bdi>979-459-105-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ragam+dan+Dialek+Bahasa+Bangka&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Department+of+Education+and+Culture&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=979-459-105-X&rft.aulast=Silahidin&rft.aufirst=Sofyan&rft.au=Saleh%2C+YuslizaI&rft.au=Burhan%2C+Ahyar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositori.kemdikbud.go.id%2F2040%2F1%2FRagam%2520%2526Dialek%2520Bahasa%2520Melayu%2520Bangka%2520%25281991%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangka+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMustafa_et._al.1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mustafa, Zulkarnain; Gani, Zainal Abidin; Silahiddin, Sofian; Saleh, Yuslizal; Aliana, Zainul Arifin (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/3664/1/struktur%20bahasa%20melayu%20bangka%20157.pdf"><i>Struktur Bahasa Melayu Bangka</i></a> [<i>Structure of the Bangka Malay language</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Indonesian). Jakarta: <a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Language_Development_and_Cultivation" title="Agency for Language Development and Cultivation">Agency for Language Development and Cultivation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Struktur+Bahasa+Melayu+Bangka&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Agency+for+Language+Development+and+Cultivation&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Mustafa&rft.aufirst=Zulkarnain&rft.au=Gani%2C+Zainal+Abidin&rft.au=Silahiddin%2C+Sofian&rft.au=Saleh%2C+Yuslizal&rft.au=Aliana%2C+Zainul+Arifin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositori.kemdikbud.go.id%2F3664%2F1%2Fstruktur%2520bahasa%2520melayu%2520bangka%2520157.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangka+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArif_et._al.1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arif, R.M; Nursato, Suwami; Gaffar, Zainal Abidin; Sulainum, H. Mas'ud; Saleh, Yuslizal (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2219/1/Latar%20Belakang%20Sosial%20Bahasa%20Melayu%20Bangka%20%281984%29.pdf"><i>Latar Belakang Sosial Bahasa Melayu Bangka</i></a> [<i>Social Background of the Bangka Malay language</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Indonesian). Jakarta: <a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Language_Development_and_Cultivation" title="Agency for Language Development and Cultivation">Agency for Language Development and Cultivation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latar+Belakang+Sosial+Bahasa+Melayu+Bangka&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Agency+for+Language+Development+and+Cultivation&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Arif&rft.aufirst=R.M&rft.au=Nursato%2C+Suwami&rft.au=Gaffar%2C+Zainal+Abidin&rft.au=Sulainum%2C+H.+Mas%27ud&rft.au=Saleh%2C+Yuslizal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositori.kemdikbud.go.id%2F2219%2F1%2FLatar%2520Belakang%2520Sosial%2520Bahasa%2520Melayu%2520Bangka%2520%25281984%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangka+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusilo2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Susilo, Firman (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/16092/1/dummy%20kamus%20bahasa%20melayu%20bangka%20-%20indonesia.pdf"><i>Kamus Bahasa Melayu Bangka – Indonesia</i></a> [<i>Bangka Malay – Indonesian Dictionary</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Indonesian). Pangkalpinang: Bangka-Belitung Language Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kamus+Bahasa+Melayu+Bangka+%E2%80%93+Indonesia&rft.place=Pangkalpinang&rft.pub=Bangka-Belitung+Language+Center&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Susilo&rft.aufirst=Firman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositori.kemdikbud.go.id%2F16092%2F1%2Fdummy%2520kamus%2520bahasa%2520melayu%2520bangka%2520-%2520indonesia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangka+Malay" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/mfb" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/mfb">Bangka Malay test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Languages of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Languages of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Languages of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Western Malayo-Polynesian languages">Western Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></span></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_slang" title="Indonesian slang">Slang</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Sumbawan_languages" title="Malayo-Sumbawan languages">Malayo-Sumbawan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakongan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakongan language (page does not exist)">Bakongan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Anambas-Natuna Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacan_Malay" title="Bacan Malay">Bacan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bali_Aga_Balinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bali Aga Balinese (page does not exist)">Bali Aga</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nusa_Penida_Balinese" title="Nusa Penida Balinese">Nusa Penida</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamayo_language" title="Bamayo language">Bamayo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bangka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarese_language" title="Banjarese language">Banjarese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batubara_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batubara Malay (page does not exist)">Batubara Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belitung_Malay" title="Belitung Malay">Belitung Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_language" title="Bengkulu language">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Malay" title="Berau Malay">Berau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Besemah_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besemah language (page does not exist)">Besemah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukit_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukit language (page does not exist)">Bukit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col_language" title="Col language">Col/Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deli_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deli Malay (page does not exist)">Deli Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Duano'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enim_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Enim language">Enim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_language" title="Haji language">Haji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mualang_language" title="Mualang language">Mualang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Seberuang_language" title="Seberuang language">Seberuang</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Malay" title="Jambi Malay">Jambi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Jaring Halus Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangean_language" title="Kangean language">Kangean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapuas_Hulu_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapuas Hulu Malay (page does not exist)">Kapuas Hulu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaur_language" title="Kaur language">Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayong_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayong Malay (page does not exist)">Kayong Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keninjal_language" title="Keninjal language">Keninjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketapang_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketapang Malay (page does not exist)">Ketapang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotawaringin_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotawaringin Malay (page does not exist)">Kotawaringin Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kualuh_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kualuh Malay (page does not exist)">Kualuh Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubu_language" title="Kubu language">Kubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutainese_language" title="Kutainese language">Kutainese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kota_Bangun_Kutainese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kota Bangun Kutainese (page does not exist)">Kota Bangun</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenggarong_Kutainese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenggarong Kutainese (page does not exist)">Tenggarong</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landak Malay (page does not exist)">Landak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langkat_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langkat Malay (page does not exist)">Langkat Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Loncong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubu_language" title="Lubu language">Lubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bawean_language" title="Bawean language">Bawean</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapudi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapudi language (page does not exist)">Sapudi</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jamee_language" title="Jamee language">Jamee </a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampar language (page does not exist)">Kampar</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuantan_language_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuantan language (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Kuantan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mukomuko_language" title="Mukomuko language">Mukomuko</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pesisir_language" title="Pesisir language">Pesisir</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melawi_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melawi Malay (page does not exist)">Melawi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mempawah_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mempawah Malay (page does not exist)">Mempawah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musi_language" title="Musi language">Musi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lematang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lematang language">Lematang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Palembang_language" title="Palembang language">Palembang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Penesak_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Penesak language">Penesak</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penukal_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penukal language (page does not exist)">Penukal</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Rawas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawas language">Rawas</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogan language">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palu_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palu Malay (page does not exist)">Palu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panai_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panai Malay (page does not exist)">Panai Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekal_language" title="Pekal language">Pekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Malay" title="Pontianak Malay">Pontianak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Riau Malay">Riau Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coastal_Riau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coastal Riau Malay (page does not exist)">Coastal Riau</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangaraian_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangaraian Malay (page does not exist)">Pangaraian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rokan_Hilir_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rokan Hilir Malay (page does not exist)">Rokan Hilir</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siak_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siak Malay (page does not exist)">Siak</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tembilahan_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tembilahan Malay (page does not exist)">Tembilahan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sambas_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sambas Malay (page does not exist)">Sambas Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanggau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanggau Malay (page does not exist)">Sanggau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasak_language" title="Sasak language">Sasak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekadau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekadau Malay (page does not exist)">Sekadau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdang_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serdang Malay (page does not exist)">Serdang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semende_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semende language (page does not exist)">Semende</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintang_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintang Malay (page does not exist)">Sintang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baduy_language" title="Baduy language">Baduy</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Banten_Sundanese" title="Banten Sundanese">Bantenese</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Brebes_Sundanese" title="Brebes Sundanese">Brebes</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Priangan_Sundanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Priangan Sundanese">Priangan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamiang_Malay" title="Tamiang Malay">Tamiang Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanesic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Javanese <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arekan_Javanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arekan Javanese (page does not exist)">Arekan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Banyumasan_dialect" title="Banyumasan dialect">Banyumasan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cirebonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirebonese language">Cirebonese</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indramayu_Javanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indramayu Javanese (page does not exist)">Indramayu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Osing_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Osing dialect">Osing</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serang_Javanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serang Javanese (page does not exist)">Serang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tenggerese_dialect" title="Tenggerese dialect">Tenggerese</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celebic_languages" title="Celebic languages">Celebic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andio_language" title="Andio language">Andio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bada_language" title="Bada language">Bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahonsuai_language" title="Bahonsuai language">Bahonsuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaesang_language" title="Balaesang language">Balaesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balantak_language" title="Balantak language">Balantak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banggai_language" title="Banggai language">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batui_language" title="Batui language">Batui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behoa_language" title="Behoa language">Behoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Boano language (Sulawesi)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobongko_language" title="Bobongko language">Bobongko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_language" title="Bonerate language">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_language" title="Bungku language">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoa_language" title="Busoa language">Busoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cia-Cia_language" title="Cia-Cia language">Cia-Cia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampelas_language" title="Dampelas language">Dampelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondo_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dondo language (Austronesian)">Dondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalao_language" title="Kalao language">Kalao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimbulawa_language" title="Kaimbulawa language">Kaimbulawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaru_language" title="Kamaru language">Kamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodeoha_language" title="Kodeoha language">Kodeoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulisusu_language" title="Kulisusu language">Kulisusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbewaha_language" title="Kumbewaha language">Kumbewaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalimu_language" title="Lasalimu language">Lasalimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyolo_language" title="Laiyolo language">Laiyolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauje_language" title="Lauje language">Lauje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liabuku_language" title="Liabuku language">Liabuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbelala_language" title="Mbelala language">Mbelala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moronene_language" title="Moronene language">Moronene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Bawah_language" title="Mori Bawah language">Mori Bawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Atas_language" title="Mori Atas language">Mori Atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moma_language" title="Moma language">Moma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_language" title="Muna language">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napu_language" title="Napu language">Napu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padoe_language" title="Padoe language">Padoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancana_language" title="Pancana language">Pancana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendau_language" title="Pendau language">Pendau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahambuu_language" title="Rahambuu language">Rahambuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampi_language" title="Rampi language">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluan_language" title="Saluan language">Saluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarudu_language" title="Sarudu language">Sarudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedoa_language" title="Sedoa language">Sedoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_language" title="Pamona language">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taje_language" title="Taje language">Taje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajio_language" title="Tajio language">Tajio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolaki_language" title="Tolaki language">Tolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomadino_language" title="Tomadino language">Tomadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoiyo_language" title="Topoiyo language">Topoiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_language" title="Tomini language">Tomini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoli_language" title="Totoli language">Totoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_language" title="Uma language">Uma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waru_language" title="Waru language">Waru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawonii_language" title="Wawonii language">Wawonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolio_language" title="Wolio language">Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotu_language" title="Wotu language">Wotu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komering_language" title="Komering language">Komering</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayuagung_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayuagung language (page does not exist)">Kayuagung</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Sumatra%E2%80%93Barrier_Islands_languages" title="Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages">Northwest Sumatra–<br />Barrier Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batak_languages" title="Batak languages">Batak</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Alas_language" title="Alas language">Alas</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Angkola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Angkola language">Angkola</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Dairi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Dairi language">Dairi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Karo_language" title="Batak Karo language">Karo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Simalungun_language" title="Batak Simalungun language">Simalungun</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_language" title="Toba Batak language">Toba</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enggano_language" title="Enggano language">Enggano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_language" title="Mentawai language">Mentawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_language" title="Nias language">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeulue_language" title="Simeulue language">Simeulue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikule_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikule language">Sikule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi_languages" title="South Sulawesi languages">South Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralle-Tabulahan_language" title="Aralle-Tabulahan language">Aralle-Tabulahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambam_language" title="Bambam language">Bambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentong_language" title="Bentong language">Bentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budong-Budong_language" title="Budong-Budong language">Budong-Budong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campalagian_language" title="Campalagian language">Campalagian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Konjo_language" title="Coastal Konjo language">Coastal Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakka_language" title="Dakka language">Dakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duri_language" title="Duri language">Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embaloh_language" title="Embaloh language">Embaloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrekang_language" title="Enrekang language">Enrekang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Konjo_language" title="Highland Konjo language">Highland Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalumpang_language" title="Kalumpang language">Kalumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemolang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemolang language">Lemolang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Maiwa language (Sulawesi)">Maiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malimpung_language" title="Malimpung language">Malimpung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamasa_language" title="Mamasa language">Mamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuju_language" title="Mamuju language">Mamuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasuan_language" title="Panasuan language">Panasuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannei_language" title="Pannei language">Pannei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selayar_language" title="Selayar language">Selayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Padang_language" title="Seko Padang language">Seko Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Tengah_language" title="Seko Tengah language">Seko Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tae%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tae’ language">Tae’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talondo%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Talondo’ language">Talondo’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Indonesia)" title="Taman language (Indonesia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toraja-Sa%E2%80%99dan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja-Sa’dan language">Toraja-Sa’dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulumanda%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulumanda’ language">Ulumanda’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barito_languages" title="Barito languages">Barito</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampanang_language" title="Ampanang language">Ampanang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakumpai_language" title="Bakumpai language">Bakumpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajaw_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajaw language">Bajaw </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyah_language" title="Deyah language">Deyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohin_language" title="Kohin language">Kohin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawangan_language" title="Lawangan language">Lawangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anyan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'anyan language">Ma'anyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusun_Malang_language" title="Dusun Malang language">Malang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaju_language" title="Ngaju language">Ngaju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ot_Danum_language" title="Ot Danum language">Ot Danum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama language">Sama </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siang_language" title="Siang language">Ot Siang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunjung_language" title="Tunjung language">Tunjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusun_Witu_language" title="Dusun Witu language">Witu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paku_language_(Indonesia)" title="Paku language (Indonesia)">Pakau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayan%E2%80%93Murik_languages" title="Kayan–Murik languages">Kayan–Murik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoheng_language" title="Aoheng language">Aoheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aput_language" title="Aput language">Aput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahau_language" title="Bahau language">Bahau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovongan_language" title="Hovongan language">Hovongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_language_(Borneo)" title="Kayan language (Borneo)">Kayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krio_Dayak_language" title="Krio Dayak language">Krio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modang_language" title="Modang language">Modang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Merah_language" title="Punan Merah language">Punan Merah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segai_language" title="Segai language">Segai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Land_Dayak_languages" title="Land Dayak languages">Land Dayak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakati%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakati’ language">Bakati’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biatah_language" title="Biatah language">Biatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukar_Sadong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukar Sadong language">Bukar Sadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangkang_language" title="Jangkang language">Jangkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kembayan_language" title="Kembayan language">Kembayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lara%CA%BC_language" title="Laraʼ language">Laraʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyadu%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyadu’ language">Nyadu’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejangese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejangese language">Rejangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribun_language" title="Ribun language">Ribun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanggau_language" title="Sanggau language">Sanggau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Bakati%27_language" title="Sara Bakati' language">Sara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semandang_language" title="Semandang language">Semandang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beginci_language" title="Beginci language">Beginci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerai_language" title="Gerai language">Gerai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tringgus_language" title="Tringgus language">Tringgus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_North_Borneo_languages#North_Bornean" title="Greater North Borneo languages">North Bornean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah-Biau_Punan_language" title="Bah-Biau Punan language">Bah-Biau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basap_language" title="Basap language">Basap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukat_language" title="Bukat language">Bukat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukitan_language" title="Bukitan language">Bukitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelabit_language" title="Kelabit language">Kelabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyah_languages" title="Kenyah languages">Kenyah</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Kenyah_language" title="Mainstream Kenyah language">Mainstream</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengilu_language" title="Lengilu language">Lengilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang_language" title="Lun Bawang language">Lun Bawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murutic_languages" title="Murutic languages">Murut</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Okolod_language" title="Okolod language">Okolod</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Selungai_Murut_language" title="Selungai Murut language">Selungai</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sembakung_language" title="Sembakung language">Sembakung</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tagol_language" title="Tagol language">Tagol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Merap_language" title="Punan Merap language">Punan Merap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Tubu_language" title="Punan Tubu language">Punan Tubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ban_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'ban language">Sa'ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajau_Basap_language" title="Sajau Basap language">Sajau</a></li> <li>Tidung <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Burusu_language" title="Burusu language">Burusu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kalabakan_language" title="Kalabakan language">Kalabakan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nonukan_Tidong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonukan Tidong language">Nonukan</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_languages" title="Central Philippine languages">Central Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo%E2%80%93Mongondow_languages" title="Gorontalo–Mongondow languages">Gorontalo-Mongondow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bintauna_language" title="Bintauna language">Bintauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolango_language" title="Bolango language">Bolango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buol_language" title="Buol language">Buol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_language" title="Gorontalo language">Gorontaloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidipang_language" title="Kaidipang language">Kaidipang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolak_language" title="Lolak language">Lolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongondow_language" title="Mongondow language">Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponosakan_language" title="Ponosakan language">Ponosakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwawa_language" title="Suwawa language">Suwawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_languages" title="Minahasan languages">Minahasan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tombulu_language" title="Tombulu language">Tombulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondano_language" title="Tondano language">Tondano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsawang_language" title="Tonsawang language">Tonsawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsea_language" title="Tonsea language">Tonsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tontemboan_language" title="Tontemboan language">Tontemboan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangiric_languages" title="Sangiric languages">Sangiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantik_language" title="Bantik language">Bantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratahan_language" title="Ratahan language">Ratahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangir_language" title="Sangir language">Sangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaud_language" title="Talaud language">Talaud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Central–Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central%E2%80%93Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages">Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aru_languages" title="Aru languages">Aru</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barakai_language" title="Barakai language">Barakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batuley_language" title="Batuley language">Batuley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobel_language" title="Dobel language">Dobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karey_language" title="Karey language">Karey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koba_language" title="Koba language">Koba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_language" title="Kola language">Kola-Kompane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_language" title="Lola language">Lola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorang_language" title="Lorang language">Lorang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manombai_language" title="Manombai language">Manombai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariri_language" title="Mariri language">Mariri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarangan_language" title="Tarangan language">Tarangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujir_language" title="Ujir language">Ujir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Maluku_languages" title="Central Maluku languages">Central Maluku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alune_language" title="Alune language">Alune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amahai_language" title="Amahai language">Amahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambelau_language" title="Ambelau language">Ambelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asilulu_language" title="Asilulu language">Asilulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_language_(Maluku)" title="Banda language (Maluku)">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bati_language_(Indonesia)" title="Bati language (Indonesia)">Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benggoi_language" title="Benggoi language">Benggoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Maluku)" title="Boano language (Maluku)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobot_language" title="Bobot language">Bobot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buru_language" title="Buru language">Buru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geser_language" title="Geser language">Geser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruku_language" title="Haruku language">Haruku</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulaliu_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hulaliu language (page does not exist)">Hulaliu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kailolo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kailolo language (page does not exist)">Kailolo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelauw_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelauw language (page does not exist)">Pelauw</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohomoni-Kabauw_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohomoni-Kabauw language (page does not exist)">Rohomoni-Kabauw</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitu_language" title="Hitu language">Hitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoti_language" title="Hoti language">Hoti</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaulu_language" title="Huaulu language">Huaulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukumina_language" title="Hukumina language">Hukumina</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulung_language" title="Hulung language">Hulung</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaibobo_language" title="Kaibobo language">Kaibobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarian_language" title="Kamarian language">Kamarian</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayeli_language" title="Kayeli language">Kayeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowiai_language" title="Kowiai language">Kowiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laha_language_(Indonesia)" title="Laha language (Indonesia)">Laha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakasihu_language" title="Wakasihu language">Larike-Wakasihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latu_language" title="Latu language">Latu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liana-Seti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Liana-Seti language">Liana-Seti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisabata-Nuniali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisabata-Nuniali language">Lisabata-Nuniali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisela_language" title="Lisela language">Lisela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loun_language" title="Loun language">Loun</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhu_language" title="Luhu language">Luhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangole_language" title="Mangole language">Mangole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipa_language" title="Manipa language">Manipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manusela_language" title="Manusela language">Manusela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masiwang_language" title="Masiwang language">Masiwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naka%27ela_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Naka'ela language">Naka'ela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuaulu_language" title="Nuaulu language">Nuaulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusa_Laut_language" title="Nusa Laut language">Nusa Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulohi_language" title="Paulohi language">Paulohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salas_language" title="Salas language">Salas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleman_language" title="Saleman language">Saleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saparua_language" title="Saparua language">Saparua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seit-Kaitetu_language" title="Seit-Kaitetu language">Seit-Kaitetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepa-Teluti_language" title="Sepa-Teluti language">Sepa-Teluti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sula_language" title="Sula language">Sula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliabo_language" title="Taliabo language">Taliabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teor-Kur_language" title="Teor-Kur language">Teor-Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulehu_language" title="Tulehu language">Tulehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watubela_language" title="Watubela language">Watubela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemale_language" title="Wemale language">Wemale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalahatan_language" title="Yalahatan language">Yalahatan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flores%E2%80%93Lembata_languages" title="Flores–Lembata languages">Flores–Lembata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alorese_language" title="Alorese language">Alorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedang_language" title="Kedang language">Kedang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamaholot_language" title="Lamaholot language">Lamaholot</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Adonara_language" title="Adonara language">Adonara</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ile_Ape_language" title="Ile Ape language">Ile Ape</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lamalera_language" title="Lamalera language">Lamalera</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lamatuka_language" title="Lamatuka language">Lamatuka</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Levuka_language" title="Levuka language">Levuka</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lewo_Eleng_language" title="Lewo Eleng language">Lewo Eleng</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"> <a href="/wiki/Lewotobi_language" title="Lewotobi language">Lewotobi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_Lembata_language" class="mw-redirect" title="South Lembata language">South Lembata</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/West_Lembata_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Lembata language">West Lembata</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sika_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sika language">Sika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera%E2%80%93West_New_Guinea_languages" title="South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages">Halmahera-<br />Cenderawasih</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambai_language" title="Ambai language">Ambai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambel_language" title="Ambel language">Ambel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansus_language" title="Ansus language">Ansus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arguni_language" title="Arguni language">Arguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_language" title="As language">As</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedoanas_language" title="Bedoanas language">Bedoanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biak_language" title="Biak language">Biak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_language" title="Biga language">Biga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buli_language_(Indonesia)" title="Buli language (Indonesia)">Buli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busami_language" title="Busami language">Busami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusner_language" title="Dusner language">Dusner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erokwanas_language" title="Erokwanas language">Erokwanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gane_language" title="Gane language">Gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaptiau_language" title="Kaptiau language">Irarutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iresim_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iresim language">Iresim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuri_language_(Austronesian)" title="Kuri language (Austronesian)">Kuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurudu_language" title="Kurudu language">Kurudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_language_(Indonesia)" title="Maba language (Indonesia)">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maden_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maden language">Maden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbat_language" title="Matbat language">Matbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'ya language">Ma'ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munggui_language" title="Munggui language">Munggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marau_language" title="Marau language">Marau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meoswar_language" title="Meoswar language">Meoswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor_language_(Austronesian)" title="Mor language (Austronesian)">Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuma_language" title="Papuma language">Papuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patani_language" title="Patani language">Patani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom_language" title="Pom language">Pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roon_language" title="Roon language">Roon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawai_language" title="Sawai language">Sawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serui-Laut_language" title="Serui-Laut language">Serui-Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_language" title="Taba language">Taba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandia_language" title="Tandia language">Tandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabo_language" title="Wabo language">Wabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamesa_language" title="Wamesa language">Wamesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandamen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wandamen language">Wandamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waropen_language" title="Waropen language">Waropen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woi_language" title="Woi language">Woi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaur_language" title="Yaur language">Yaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeretuar_language" title="Yeretuar language">Yeretuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeresiam_language" title="Yeresiam language">Yeresiam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kei-Tanimbar_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kei-Tanimbar languages">Kei-Tanimbar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fordata_language" title="Fordata language">Fordata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei_language" title="Kei language">Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onin_language" title="Onin language">Onin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekar_language" title="Sekar language">Sekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruangnirin_language" title="Uruangnirin language">Uruangnirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamdena_language" title="Yamdena language">Yamdena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mapia_language" title="Mapia language">Mapia</a> †</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Selaru_languages" title="Selaru languages">Selaru</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selaru_language" title="Selaru language">Selaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seluwasan_language" title="Seluwasan language">Seluwasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sumba%E2%80%93Flores_languages" title="Sumba–Flores languages">Sumba–Flores</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakalangu_language" title="Anakalangu language">Anakalangu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baliledo_language" title="Baliledo language">Baliledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bima_language" title="Bima language">Bima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhao_language" title="Dhao language">Dhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ende_language_(Indonesia)" title="Ende language (Indonesia)">Ende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaura_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaura language">Gaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawu_language" title="Hawu language">Hawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambera_language" title="Kambera language">Kambera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9o_language" title="Kéo language">Kéo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodi_language" title="Kodi language">Kodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komodo_language" title="Komodo language">Komodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamboya_language" title="Lamboya language">Lamboya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lio_language" title="Lio language">Lio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamboru_language" title="Mamboru language">Mamboru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manggarainese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manggarainese language">Manggarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nage_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nage language">Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadha_language" title="Ngadha language">Ngadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palu%27e_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Palu'e language">Palu'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondok_language" title="Pondok language">Pondok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajong_language" title="Rajong language">Rajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembong_language" title="Rembong language">Rembong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riung_language" title="Riung language">Riung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongga_language" title="Rongga language">Rongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="So'a language">So'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepo%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepo' language">Kepo'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wae_Rana_language" title="Wae Rana language">Wae Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanukaka_language" title="Wanukaka language">Wanukaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wejewa_language" title="Wejewa language">Wejewa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timor%E2%80%93Babar_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Timor–Babar languages">Timor–Babar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarasi_language" title="Amarasi language">Amarasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekais_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekais language">Bekais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilba_language" title="Bilba language">Bilba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dai language (Austronesian)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawera-Daweloor_language" title="Dawera-Daweloor language">Dawera-Daweloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dela-Oenale_language" title="Dela-Oenale language">Dela-Oenale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengka_language" title="Dengka language">Dengka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Damar_language" title="East Damar language">East Damar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emplawas_language" title="Emplawas language">Emplawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galoli_language" title="Galoli language">Galoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong_language" title="Helong language">Helong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imroing_language" title="Imroing language">Imroing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemak_language" title="Kemak language">Kemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisar_language" title="Kisar language">Kisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leti_language" title="Leti language">Leti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lole_language" title="Lole language">Lole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luang_language" title="Luang language">Luang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masela_language" title="Masela language">Masela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nila_language" title="Nila language">Nila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Babar_language" title="North Babar language">North Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringgou_language" title="Ringgou language">Ringgou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romang_language" title="Romang language">Romang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serili_language" title="Serili language">Serili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serua_language" title="Serua language">Serua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Babar_language" title="Southeast Babar language">Southeast Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tela%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tela'a language">Tela'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termanu_language" title="Termanu language">Termanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetum_language" title="Tetum language">Tetum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te%27un_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Te'un language">Te'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tii_language" title="Tii language">Tii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uab_Meto_language" title="Uab Meto language">Uab Meto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Damar_language" title="West Damar language">West Damar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welaun_language" title="Welaun language">Welaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetarese_language" title="Wetarese language">Wetar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Oceanic_languages" title="Western Oceanic languages">Western Oceanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anus_language" title="Anus language">Anus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonggo_language" title="Bonggo language">Bonggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayupulau_language" title="Kayupulau language">Kayupulau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liki_language" title="Liki language">Liki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masimasi_language" title="Masimasi language">Masimasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormu_language" title="Ormu language">Ormu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podena_language" title="Podena language">Podena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaptiau_language" title="Kaptiau language">Kaptiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobei_language" title="Sobei language">Sobei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpia_language" title="Tarpia language">Tarpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobati_language" title="Tobati language">Tobati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakde_language" title="Wakde language">Wakde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamna_language" title="Yamna language">Yamna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Papuan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Halmahera_languages" title="North Halmahera languages">North Halmahera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galela_language" title="Galela language">Galela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamkonora_language" title="Gamkonora language">Gamkonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kao_language" title="Kao language">Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loloda_language" title="Loloda language">Loloda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modole_language" title="Modole language">Modole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagu_language" title="Pagu language">Pagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahu_language" title="Sahu language">Sahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabaru_language" title="Tabaru language">Tabaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternate_language" title="Ternate language">Ternate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidore_language" title="Tidore language">Tidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobelo_language" title="Tobelo language">Tobelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togutil_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Togutil language">Togutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waioli_language" title="Waioli language">Waioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Makian_language" title="West Makian language">West Makian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timor%E2%80%93Alor%E2%80%93Pantar_languages" title="Timor–Alor–Pantar languages">Timor–Alor–Pantar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abui_language" title="Abui language">Abui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adang_language" title="Adang language">Adang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagar_language" title="Blagar language">Blagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunak_language" title="Bunak language">Bunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaera_language" title="Kaera language">Kaera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafoa_language" title="Kafoa language">Kafoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamang language">Kamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klon_language" title="Klon language">Klon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(Indonesia)" title="Kui language (Indonesia)">Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula_language" title="Kula language">Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedebang_language" title="Nedebang language">Nedebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirata_language" title="Oirata language">Oirata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retta_language" title="Retta language">Retta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawila_language" title="Sawila language">Sawila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiwa_language" title="Teiwa language">Teiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wersing_language" title="Wersing language">Wersing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pantar_language" title="Western Pantar language">Western Pantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woisika_language" title="Woisika language">Woisika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asmat%E2%80%93Mombum_languages" title="Asmat–Mombum languages">Asmat–Mombum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buruwai_language" title="Buruwai language">Buruwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarina_Coast_Asmat_language" title="Casuarina Coast Asmat language">Casuarina Coast Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asmat_language" title="Central Asmat language">Central Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asmat_language" title="North Asmat language">North Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citak_language" title="Citak language">Citak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombum_language" title="Mombum language">Mombum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamberau_language" title="Kamberau language">Kamberau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamoro_language" title="Kamoro language">Kamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneraw_language" title="Koneraw language">Koneraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempan_language" title="Sempan language">Sempan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="West Bird's Head languages">West Bird's Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalabra_language" title="Kalabra language">Kalabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwani_language" title="Kuwani language">Kuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moi_language" title="Moi language">Moi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraid_language" title="Moraid language">Moraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seget_language" title="Seget language">Seget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehit_language" title="Tehit language">Tehit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="South Bird's Head languages">South Bird's Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arandai_languages" title="Arandai languages">Arandai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dombano_language" title="Dombano language">Dombano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duriankari_language" title="Duriankari language">Duriankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanwatan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inanwatan language">Inanwatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaburi_language" title="Kaburi language">Kaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kais_language" title="Kais language">Kais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemberano_language" title="Kemberano language">Kemberano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_language" title="Kokoda language">Kokoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konda_language_(Papuan)" title="Konda language (Papuan)">Konda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovojab_language" title="Kovojab language">Kovojab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puragi_language" title="Puragi language">Puragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahadian_language" title="Yahadian language">Yahadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Bird%27s_Head_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bird's Head languages">East Bird's Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatam_language" title="Hatam language">Hatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansim_language" title="Mansim language">Mansim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyah_language" title="Meyah language">Meyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moskona_language" title="Moskona language">Moskona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sougb_language" title="Sougb language">Sougb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bomberai_languages" title="West Bomberai languages">West Bomberai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baham_language" title="Baham language">Baham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iha_language" title="Iha language">Iha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Karas language">Karas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Dani languages">Dani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_Dani_language" title="Grand Valley Dani language">Grand Valley Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupla_language" title="Hupla language">Hupla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nduga_language" title="Nduga language">Nduga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nggem_language" title="Nggem language">Nggem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silimo_language" title="Silimo language">Silimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walak_language" title="Walak language">Walak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wano_language" title="Wano language">Wano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Dani_language" title="Western Dani language">Western Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yali_language" title="Yali language">Yali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paniai_Lakes_languages" title="Paniai Lakes languages">Paniai Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auye_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Auye language">Auye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(Papuan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dao language (Papuan)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekari_language" title="Ekari language">Ekari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moni_language" title="Moni language">Moni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolani_language" title="Wolani language">Wolani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digul_River_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Digul River languages">Digul River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghu_language" title="Aghu language">Aghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awbono_language" title="Awbono language">Awbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayono_language" title="Bayono language">Bayono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densar_language" title="Densar language">Densar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edera_River_Awyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Edera River Awyu">Edera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jair language">Jair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombai_language" title="Kombai language">Kombai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komyandaret_language" title="Komyandaret language">Komyandaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korowai_language" title="Korowai language">Korowai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandobo_language" title="Mandobo language">Mandobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisa_language" title="Pisa language">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Papuan)" title="Sawi language (Papuan)">Sawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiaxa_language" title="Shiaxa language">Shiaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsaukambo_language" title="Tsaukambo language">Tsaukambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambon_language" title="Wambon language">Wambon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foja_Range_languages" title="Foja Range languages">Foja Range</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airoran_language" title="Airoran language">Airoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagusa_language" title="Bagusa language">Bagusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berik_language" title="Berik language">Berik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betaf_language" title="Betaf language">Betaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerif_language" title="Bonerif language">Bonerif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabe_language" title="Dabe language">Dabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dineor_language" title="Dineor language">Dineor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwas_language" title="Edwas language">Edwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresi_language" title="Gresi language">Gresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isirawa_language" title="Isirawa language">Isirawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itik_language" title="Itik language">Itik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapori_language" title="Kapori language">Kapori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauwera_language" title="Kauwera language">Kauwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keijar_language" title="Keijar language">Keijar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemtuik_language" title="Kemtuik language">Kemtuik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwerba_language" title="Kwerba language">Kwerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwerba_Mamberamo_language" title="Kwerba Mamberamo language">Kwerba Mamberamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwesten_language" title="Kwesten language">Kwesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwinsu_language" title="Kwinsu language">Kwinsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mander_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mander language">Mander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massep_language" title="Massep language">Massep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawes_language" title="Mawes language">Mawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekwei_language" title="Mekwei language">Mekwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlap_language" title="Mlap language">Mlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namblong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Namblong language">Namblong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimboran_language" title="Nimboran language">Nimboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orya_language" title="Orya language">Orya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sause_language" title="Sause language">Sause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksapmin_language" title="Oksapmin language">Oksapmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarokena_language" title="Samarokena language">Samarokena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimuris_language" title="Trimuris language">Trimuris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitou_language" title="Vitou language">Vitou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lakes_Plain_languages" title="Lakes Plain languages">Lakes Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awera_language" title="Awera language">Awera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biritai_language" title="Biritai language">Biritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doutai_language" title="Doutai language">Doutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvle_language" title="Duvle language">Duvle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritai_language" title="Eritai language">Eritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayu_language" title="Fayu language">Fayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Foau language">Foau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iau_language" title="Iau language">Iau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiy_language" title="Kaiy language">Kaiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keuw_language" title="Keuw language">Keuw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirikiri_language" title="Kirikiri language">Kirikiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwerisa_language" title="Kwerisa language">Kwerisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obokuitai_language" title="Obokuitai language">Obokuitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papasena_language" title="Papasena language">Papasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasawa_language" title="Rasawa language">Rasawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikaritai_language" title="Sikaritai language">Sikaritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tause_language" title="Tause language">Tause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taworta_language" title="Taworta language">Taworta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waritai_language" title="Waritai language">Waritai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Cenderawasih_Bay_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Cenderawasih Bay languages">East Cenderawasih Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baropasi_language" title="Baropasi language">Baropasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauzi_language" title="Bauzi language">Bauzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burate_language" title="Burate language">Burate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demisa_language" title="Demisa language">Demisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofei_language" title="Kofei language">Kofei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisa-Anasi_language" title="Nisa-Anasi language">Nisa-Anasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauri_language" title="Sauri language">Sauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefaro_language" title="Tefaro language">Tefaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggare_language" title="Tunggare language">Tunggare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woria_language" title="Woria language">Woria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yawa_languages" title="Yawa languages">Yawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saweru_language" title="Saweru language">Saweru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawa_language" title="Yawa language">Yawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demta%E2%80%93Sentani_languages" title="Demta–Sentani languages">Demta–Sentani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demta_language" title="Demta language">Demta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafri_language" title="Nafri language">Nafri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentani_language" title="Sentani language">Sentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla_language" title="Tabla language">Tabla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ok_languages" title="Ok languages">Ok</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burumakok_language" title="Burumakok language">Burumakok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiwol_language" title="Faiwol language">Faiwol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwur_language" title="Iwur language">Iwur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopka_language" title="Kopka language">Kopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyu_language" title="Muyu language">Muyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakai_language" title="Nakai language">Nakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalum_language" title="Ngalum language">Ngalum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninggerum_language" title="Ninggerum language">Ninggerum </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangko_language" title="Tangko language">Tangko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifal_language" title="Tifal language">Tifal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonggom_language" title="Yonggom language">Yonggom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Momuna%E2%80%93Mek_languages" title="Momuna–Mek languages">Momuna–Mek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eipo_language" title="Eipo language">Eipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath_language" title="Goliath language">Goliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketengban_language" title="Ketengban language">Ketengban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosarek_language" title="Kosarek language">Kosarek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korupun_language" title="Korupun language">Korupun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalca_language" title="Nalca language">Nalca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipsan_language" title="Nipsan language">Nipsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somahai_language" title="Somahai language">Somahai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skou_languages" title="Skou languages">Skou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skou_language" title="Skou language">Skou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Pauwasi_languages" title="South Pauwasi languages">South Pauwasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biksi-Yetfa_language" title="Biksi-Yetfa language">Biksi-Yetfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kembra_language" title="Kembra language">Kembra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimki_language" title="Kimki language">Kimki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepki_language" title="Lepki language">Lepki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murkim_language" title="Murkim language">Murkim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Pauwasi_languages" title="East Pauwasi languages">East Pauwasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emem_language" title="Emem language">Emem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorop_language" title="Zorop language">Zorop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Pauwasi_languages" title="West Pauwasi languages">West Pauwasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namla_language" title="Namla language">Namla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebi_language" title="Tebi language">Tebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofanma_language" title="Tofanma language">Tofanma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towei_language" title="Towei language">Towei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usku_language" title="Usku language">Usku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaure%E2%80%93Kosare_languages" title="Kaure–Kosare languages">Kaure–Kosare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaure_language" title="Kaure language">Kaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosare_language" title="Kosare language">Kosare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marind%E2%80%93Yaqai_languages" title="Marind–Yaqai languages">Marind–Yaqai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipim_language" title="Bipim language">Bipim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marind_language" title="Marind language">Marind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqay_language" title="Yaqay language">Yaqay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bulaka_River_languages" title="Bulaka River languages">Bulaka River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maklew_language" title="Maklew language">Maklew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelmek_language" title="Yelmek language">Yelmek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayagar_languages" title="Kayagar languages">Kayagar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atohwaim_language" title="Atohwaim language">Atohwaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayagar_language" title="Kayagar language">Kayagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagario_language" title="Tamagario language">Tamagario</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Border_languages_(New_Guinea)" title="Border languages (New Guinea)">Border</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awyi_language" title="Awyi language">Awyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elseng_language" title="Elseng language">Elseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikat_language" title="Taikat language">Taikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manem_language" title="Manem language">Manem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowanda_language" title="Sowanda language">Sowanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viid_language" title="Viid language">Viid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waris_language" title="Waris language">Waris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senagi_languages" title="Senagi languages">Senagi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dera_language" title="Dera language">Dera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mairasi_languages" title="Mairasi languages">Mairasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mairasi_language" title="Mairasi language">Mairasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer_language" title="Mer language">Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semimi_language" title="Semimi language">Semimi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kolopom_languages" title="Kolopom languages">Kolopom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimaghama_language" title="Kimaghama language">Kimaghama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morori_language" title="Morori language">Morori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndom_language" title="Ndom language">Ndom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riantana_language" title="Riantana language">Riantana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yam_languages" title="Yam languages">Yam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngkolmpu_Kanum_language" title="Ngkolmpu Kanum language">Ngkolmpu Kanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rema_language" title="Rema language">Rema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smerki_language" title="Smerki language">Smerki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamer_language" title="Tamer language">Tamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yei_language" title="Yei language">Yei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Mamberamo_languages" title="Lower Mamberamo languages">Lower Mamberamo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warembori_language" title="Warembori language">Warembori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_language" title="Yoke language">Yoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abinomn_language" title="Abinomn language">Abinomn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abun_language" title="Abun language">Abun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amung_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amung language">Amung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmeso_language" title="Burmeso language">Burmeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dem_language" title="Dem language">Dem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanum_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanum language">Kanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maklew_language" title="Maklew language">Maklew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybrat_language" title="Maybrat language">Maybrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molof_language" title="Molof language">Molof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momina_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Momina language">Momina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor_language_(Papuan)" title="Mor language (Papuan)">Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpur_language" title="Mpur language">Mpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_language_(Papuan)" title="Pyu language (Papuan)">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumuri_language" title="Sumuri language">Sumuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambora_language" title="Tambora language">Tambora</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhunduni_languages" title="Uhunduni languages">Uhunduni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pidgin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidgin language">Pidgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malay-based_creoles" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay-based creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alor_Malay" title="Alor Malay">Alor Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambonese_Malay" title="Ambonese Malay">Ambonese Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Banda Malay">Banda Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Balinese Malay">Balinese Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorap_language" title="Gorap language">Gorap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorontalo_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorontalo Malay (page does not exist)">Gorontalo Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupang_Malay" title="Kupang Malay">Kupang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larantuka_Malay" title="Larantuka Malay">Larantuka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manado_Malay" title="Manado Malay">Manado Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Makassar Malay">Makassar Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maumere_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maumere Malay (page does not exist)">Maumere Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Moluccan_Malay" title="North Moluccan Malay">North Moluccan Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula Malay (page does not exist)">Sula Malay</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Pulo_language" title="Orang Pulo language">Orang Pulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Malay" title="Papuan Malay">Papuan Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Serui_Malay" title="Serui Malay">Serui Malay</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Malay">Peranakan</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surabayan_Peranakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surabayan Peranakan (page does not exist)">Surabayan</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other creoles and pidgins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidau_Creole_Portuguese" title="Bidau Creole Portuguese">Bidau Creole Portuguese</a> †</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flores_Creole_Portuguese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flores Creole Portuguese (page does not exist)">Flores Creole Portuguese</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javindo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Javindo language">Javindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardijker_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mardijker language">Mardijker</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petjo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Petjo language">Petjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iha_language" title="Iha language">Pidgin Iha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onin_language" title="Onin language">Pidgin Onin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugis_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugis language">Portugis</a> †</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tansi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tansi language (page does not exist)">Tansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Pidgin Tukang Besi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing_dialect" title="Fuqing dialect">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzhounese">Fuzhounese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainanese language">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haklau_Min" title="Haklau Min">Haklau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkien Chinese">Hokkien</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Medan_Hokkien" title="Medan Hokkien">Medan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Riau_Hokkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Riau Hokkien">Riau</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Hinghwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic languages">Arabic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Arabic" title="Indonesian Arabic">Indonesian Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Hadhrami Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign languages">Sign languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Sign_Language" title="Indonesian Sign Language">Indonesian Sign Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_Kolok" title="Kata Kolok">Kata Kolok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>† indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template talk:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages#Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Sumbawan_languages" title="Malayo-Sumbawan languages">Malayo-Sumbawan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Sundanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bantenese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantenese language">Bantenese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baduy_language" title="Baduy language">Baduy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Madurese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangean_language" title="Kangean language">Kangean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Malayo-Chamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chamic_languages" title="Chamic languages">Chamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_language" title="Cham language">Cham dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chru_language" title="Chru language">Chru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haroi_language" title="Haroi language">Haroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_language" title="Jarai language">Jarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_language" title="Rade language">Rade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roglai_language" title="Roglai language">Roglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsat_language" title="Tsat language">Tsat</a> (Utsat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamayo_language" title="Bamayo language">Bamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjar language">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay" title="Brunei Malay">Brunei/Kedayan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Malay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berau Malay language">Berau Malay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bangka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_language" title="Bengkulu language">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col_language" title="Col language">Col</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Duano'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_language" title="Haji language">Haji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Malay" title="Jambi Malay">Jambi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutai Malay">Kutai Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaur_language" title="Kaur language">Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a> (Yawi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keninjal_language" title="Keninjal language">Keninjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubu_language" title="Kubu language">Kubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Orang Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubu_language" title="Lubu language">Lubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a> & <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musi_language" title="Musi language">Musi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mualang_language" title="Mualang language">Mualang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kanaq_language" title="Orang Kanaq language">Orang Kanaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar_language" title="Orang Seletar language">Orang Seletar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekal_language" title="Pekal language">Pekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_Malay" title="Perak Malay">Perak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remun_language" title="Remun language">Remun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malay" title="Sarawak Malay">Sarawak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberuang_language" title="Seberuang language">Seberuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi' language">Urak Lawoi'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bali%E2%80%93Sasak_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bali–Sasak languages">Bali–Sasak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasak_language" title="Sasak language">Sasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Sumatra%E2%80%93Barrier_Islands_languages" title="Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages">Northwest Sumatra–<br />Barrier Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enggano_language" title="Enggano language">Enggano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_language" title="Mentawai language">Mentawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_language" title="Nias language">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikule_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikule language">Sikule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeulue_language" title="Simeulue language">Simeulue</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Batak" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_languages" title="Batak languages">Batak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alas_language" title="Alas language">Alas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Angkola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Angkola language">Batak Angkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Dairi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Dairi language">Batak Dairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Karo_language" title="Batak Karo language">Batak Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Simalungun_language" title="Batak Simalungun language">Batak Simalungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_language" title="Toba Batak language">Batak Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lampung Api</li> <li>Lampung Nyo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komering_language" title="Komering language">Komering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celebic_languages" title="Celebic languages">Celebic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andio_language" title="Andio language">Andio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Badaic language">Badaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahonsuai_language" title="Bahonsuai language">Bahonsuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaesang_language" title="Balaesang language">Balaesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balantak_language" title="Balantak language">Balantak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banggai_language" title="Banggai language">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batui_language" title="Batui language">Batui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Boano language (Sulawesi)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobongko_language" title="Bobongko language">Bobongko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_language" title="Bonerate language">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_language" title="Bungku language">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoa_language" title="Busoa language">Busoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cia-Cia_language" title="Cia-Cia language">Cia-Cia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampelas_language" title="Dampelas language">Dampelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondo_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dondo language (Austronesian)">Dondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalao_language" title="Kalao language">Kalao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimbulawa_language" title="Kaimbulawa language">Kaimbulawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaru_language" title="Kamaru language">Kamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodeoha_language" title="Kodeoha language">Kodeoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulisusu_language" title="Kulisusu language">Kulisusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbewaha_language" title="Kumbewaha language">Kumbewaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalimu_language" title="Lasalimu language">Lasalimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyolo_language" title="Laiyolo language">Laiyolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauje_language" title="Lauje language">Lauje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liabuku_language" title="Liabuku language">Liabuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbelala_language" title="Mbelala language">Mbelala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moronene_language" title="Moronene language">Moronene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Bawah_language" title="Mori Bawah language">Mori Bawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Atas_language" title="Mori Atas language">Mori Atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moma_language" title="Moma language">Moma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_language" title="Muna language">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padoe_language" title="Padoe language">Padoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancana_language" title="Pancana language">Pancana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendau_language" title="Pendau language">Pendau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahambuu_language" title="Rahambuu language">Rahambuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampi_language" title="Rampi language">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluan_language" title="Saluan language">Saluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarudu_language" title="Sarudu language">Sarudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedoa_language" title="Sedoa language">Sedoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_language" title="Pamona language">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taje_language" title="Taje language">Taje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajio_language" title="Tajio language">Tajio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolaki_language" title="Tolaki language">Tolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomadino_language" title="Tomadino language">Tomadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoiyo_language" title="Topoiyo language">Topoiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_language" title="Tomini language">Tomini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoli_language" title="Totoli language">Totoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_language" title="Uma language">Uma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waru_language" title="Waru language">Waru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawonii_language" title="Wawonii language">Wawonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolio_language" title="Wolio language">Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotu_language" title="Wotu language">Wotu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi_languages" title="South Sulawesi languages">South Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralle-Tabulahan_language" title="Aralle-Tabulahan language">Aralle-Tabulahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambam_language" title="Bambam language">Bambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentong_language" title="Bentong language">Bentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budong-Budong_language" title="Budong-Budong language">Budong-Budong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campalagian_language" title="Campalagian language">Campalagian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Konjo_language" title="Coastal Konjo language">Coastal Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakka_language" title="Dakka language">Dakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duri_language" title="Duri language">Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embaloh_language" title="Embaloh language">Embaloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrekang_language" title="Enrekang language">Enrekang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Konjo_language" title="Highland Konjo language">Highland Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalumpang_language" title="Kalumpang language">Kalumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemolang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemolang language">Lemolang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Maiwa language (Sulawesi)">Maiwa (Sulawesi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malimpung_language" title="Malimpung language">Malimpung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamasa_language" title="Mamasa language">Mamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuju_language" title="Mamuju language">Mamuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasuan_language" title="Panasuan language">Panasuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannei_language" title="Pannei language">Pannei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selayar_language" title="Selayar language">Selayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Padang_language" title="Seko Padang language">Seko Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Tengah_language" title="Seko Tengah language">Seko Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tae%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tae’ language">Tae’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talondo%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Talondo’ language">Talondo’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Indonesia)" title="Taman language (Indonesia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toraja-Sa%E2%80%99dan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja-Sa’dan language">Toraja-Sa’dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulumanda%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulumanda’ language">Ulumanda’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moklenic_languages" title="Moklenic languages">Moklenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moken_language" title="Moken language">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moklen_language" title="Moklen language">Moklen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arekan_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arekan dialect (page does not exist)">Arekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyumasan_dialect" title="Banyumasan dialect">Banyumasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataraman_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataraman dialect (page does not exist)">Mataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedu_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kedu dialect (page does not exist)">Kedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osing_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Osing dialect">Osing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenggerese_dialect" title="Tenggerese dialect">Tenggerese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central%E2%80%93Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages">Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian</a><br />(over 700 languages)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Eastern Malayo-Polynesian groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera%E2%80%93West_New_Guinea_languages" title="South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages">South Halmahera–West New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Central Malayo-Polynesian <a href="/wiki/Linkage_(linguistics)" title="Linkage (linguistics)">linkages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aru_languages" title="Aru languages">Aru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Maluku_languages" title="Central Maluku languages">Central Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei%E2%80%93Tanimbar_languages" title="Kei–Tanimbar languages">Kei-Tanimbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowiai_language" title="Kowiai language">Kowiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selaru_languages" title="Selaru languages">Selaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumba%E2%80%93Flores_languages" title="Sumba–Flores languages">Sumba–Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teor-Kur_language" title="Teor-Kur language">Teor–Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoric_languages" title="Timoric languages">Timoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Damar_language" title="West Damar language">West Damar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukumina_language" title="Hukumina language">Hukumina</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_language" title="Palauan language">Palauan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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