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Types of conformity assessment
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class="breadcrumb-text"> <span>Types of conformity assessment</span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="col-sm-12"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <article about="/conformity-assessment/types-conformity-assessment" class="page full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c5969093f7c5c1c5969093fa" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-12 iec-col "> <section class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-overview-header clearfix iec-overview-block iec-full-width with-margin" style="background-image:url(/system/files/styles/original_image/private/2019-11/content/media/image/conformityassessment.jpg?itok=Fvr0Nc4a);"> <div class="iec-overview-block-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="iec-overview-block-text"> <h1 class="text-block-title field--name-field-title condensed">Types of conformity assessment</h1> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field--item">There are three types of conformity assessment</div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c5969093f7c5c1c5969093fa" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-12 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text" id="single-element-text-2110"> <div class="text-block-header" style="text-align:left;"> <h2 class="text-block-title condensed" style="font-size:35px;" id="article-header-id-2110-first-party-conformity-assessment-ca---self-declaration-lowest-level-of-trustworthiness"> First-party conformity assessment (CA) - self-declaration: lowest level of trustworthiness </h1> </div> <div class="text-block-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p data-en-clipboard="true" data-pm-slice="1 1 []">The manufacturer or supplier declares that a product conforms to a given standard or specification and delivers an SDoC (supplier's declaration of conformity).</p> <p>This form of CA is quite common for products that are low risk. It provides commercial partners with the reassurance that a standard has been followed. It’s basically a form of information. The European CE mark is an example of an SDoC. By applying the CE mark on a product, the manufacturer confirms that the product meets EU safety, health or environmental requirements and addresses the conformity assessment requirements of the EU Directives.</p> <p>This is the cheapest and simplest form of CA because there is no independent verification; trustworthiness directly depends on the credibility of the supplier.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Second-party CA - mid-level of trustworthiness</h2> <p>A person or organization who has a direct interest in verifying the performance of a product performs this type of CA activity. </p> <p>Typically, a very large, important, or demanding customer (government, major buyer or manufacturer) will put in place their own CA for products or services they purchase. This may include test facilities and special assessment procedures that are conducted to verify the quality of the supplied goods.</p> <p>The aim is usually to obtain assurance that a supplier has carried out a first-party CA according to customer specifications. </p> <p> </p> <h2>Third-party CA - high level of trustworthiness</h2> <p>This CA activity is performed by a person or organization that is independent of the seller or the buyer. This is usually called certification and provides the highest level of assurance regarding the state of a given product</p> <p>Third-party CA is more expensive than first-party CA, since certification bodies (CBs) are usually for-profit companies. Third-party CA is applied when legislation mandates it for example due to the level of risk, or when a market is big enough to justify the expenditure. </p> <p>The IEC supports all three forms of CA and also runs the IEC CA Systems, whose members provide 3rd-party CA. The IEC CA Systems offer the only globally standardized form of conformity assessment covering electrotechnology and represent the biggest working multilateral agreement in the world. </p> </div> </div> <div class="text-link-container" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="item-link iec-read-more"> <a href="/conformity-assessment/ca-systems" class="hvr-icon-forward"> Read more about the IEC Conformity Assessment Systems <i class="ion ion-ios-arrow-round-forward hvr-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="iec-full-width iec-bg-grey"> <div class="container"> <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row iec-fixed-row-bg "> <div data-region="r5c627bcf91f79c5c627bcf91f7d" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-12 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-custom-anchor block-layout-builder block-inline-blockanchor clearfix"> <div id="ca-certification" class="iec-anchor-selector"><span class="anchor-preview">Anchor placeholder <code>#ca-certification</code></span></div> </section> <section class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-block-module-white-gray-space clearfix"> <div class="module-white-gray-space-content iec-bg-color iec-bg-grey"> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="iec-full-width iec-bg-grey"> <div class="container"> <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row iec-fixed-row-bg "> <div data-region="r5c62956d2fc13c5c62956d2fc16" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-6 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text" id="single-element-text-3270"> <div class="text-block-header" style="text-align:left;"> <h2 class="text-block-title condensed" style="font-size:24px;" id="article-header-id-3270-iec-conformity-assessment-terminology-explained"> IEC Conformity Assessment terminology explained </h1> </div> <div class="text-block-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul> <li><strong>Conformity:</strong> compliance with the relevant technical specification.</li> <li><strong>Test report</strong>: a document detailing the results of testing that a product has undergone to check whether it meets the technical specifications it is being tested against.</li> <li><strong>Certification</strong>: a determination by an independent third party that a product meets the requirements detailed in the technical specification, based upon the test report.</li> <li><strong>Mark</strong>: symbol used to identify that a product is compliant.</li> <li><strong>Mutual recognition</strong>: reciprocal acceptance of results among the system participants.</li> <li><strong>Peer assessment</strong>: assessing the competence and capability of a body carried out by a “peer”, i.e. another participating body of the same type.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-region="r5c62956d2fc13c5c62958f8e9c1" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-6 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockfaq-block clearfix"> <div class="iec-block faq-block-container"> <div class="section-description"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h3 style="text-align:left; margin-top:0px;">Key concepts of IEC Conformity Assessment Systems</h3> <p style="text-align:left; font-size:16px;">Three major principles govern the IEC CA (Conformity Assessment) Systems: openness, democracy (including transparency), and obligatory mutual recognition.</p> </div> </div> <div class="section-faq-entries"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-faq-entries view-id-faq_entries view-display-id-block js-view-dom-id-837a5b2561b5f40ea6d945d89e08edd1fa271057013b56fcfa41dc896dd15a3c"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="faq-category--3272--877-container faq-entries-container"> <div class="panel-group faq-entries-container__content" id="faq-category--3272--877" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <div class="panel panel-default faq-entry-item"> <div class="panel-heading faq-entry-item__heading" role="tab" id="faq--41284-heading"> <a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#faq-category--3272--877" href="#faq--41284" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="faq--41284"> <h4 class="panel-title faq-entry-item__title"> Peer assessment to achieve mutual confidence </h4> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> <div id="faq--41284" class="panel-collapse collapse faq-entry-item__content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="faq--41284-heading"> <div class="panel-body faq-entry-item__body"> <p>In the IEC this is achieved through peer assessment. When a new laboratory would like to join a System, it will be reviewed by an assessment team of experts from different labs that are already members of the IEC CA System and able to carry out similar tests. The team will examine the competence and independence of the new testing laboratory.</p> <p>Laboratories already registered in the system will undergo periodic reassessments and additional assessments in case of significant changes, such as relocation, scope extension or similar. The peer assessment process is a continuous activity to ensure competence independence and compliance with the requirements. A similar process is used for other participating bodies operating in the CA System, such as Certification Bodies and Inspection Bodies.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default faq-entry-item"> <div class="panel-heading faq-entry-item__heading" role="tab" id="faq--41285-heading"> <a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#faq-category--3272--877" href="#faq--41285" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="faq--41285"> <h4 class="panel-title faq-entry-item__title"> Fair assessment by competitors </h4> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> <div id="faq--41285" class="panel-collapse collapse faq-entry-item__content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="faq--41285-heading"> <div class="panel-body faq-entry-item__body"> <p>Although the team members are employees of organizations which may be in competition with the one being assessed, the mutual nature of the system will encourage them to be thorough and honest in their assessment. This is because their own organization will later be subjected to a similar assessment involving its competitors. An additional advantage is that the team members are likely to be experienced experts in precisely those issues which they must examine for the assessment.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default faq-entry-item"> <div class="panel-heading faq-entry-item__heading" role="tab" id="faq--41280-heading"> <a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#faq-category--3272--877" href="#faq--41280" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="faq--41280"> <h4 class="panel-title faq-entry-item__title"> Openness </h4> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> <div id="faq--41280" class="panel-collapse collapse faq-entry-item__content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="faq--41280-heading"> <div class="panel-body faq-entry-item__body"> <ul> <li><strong>Free use of the services offered and results produced by the IEC CA Systems</strong> by anyone in the world. It is not necessary to be a member or even to be situated in an IEC-member country; any manufacturer may request a certificate for his products and anyone may access and derive benefit from the Systems’ certificates (publicly available on the Internet) to determine whether particular products have been certified.<br> </li> <li><strong>Any organization which undertakes to follow the rules may join the IEC CA Systems</strong>, even if it is situated in a country outside the IEC membership. Members of the Systems are organizations, at most one per country, which on being admitted to a System become responsible for their country’s testing and certification activities within that System.<br> </li> <li><strong>Any certification body or testing laboratory may be proposed by a member body to participate in a System</strong>, provided that it conforms to the criteria laid down in the rules.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default faq-entry-item"> <div class="panel-heading faq-entry-item__heading" role="tab" id="faq--41281-heading"> <a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#faq-category--3272--877" href="#faq--41281" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="faq--41281"> <h4 class="panel-title faq-entry-item__title"> Democracy </h4> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> <div id="faq--41281" class="panel-collapse collapse faq-entry-item__content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="faq--41281-heading"> <div class="panel-body faq-entry-item__body"> <p>This involves both governance and transparency.</p> <p>All significant decisions in the Systems are taken by the full membership. These decisions, as well as all rules and information relevant to the activity of the Systems, are published and freely available to all members of the System.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default faq-entry-item"> <div class="panel-heading faq-entry-item__heading" role="tab" id="faq--41282-heading"> <a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#faq-category--3272--877" href="#faq--41282" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="faq--41282"> <h4 class="panel-title faq-entry-item__title"> Obligatory mutual recognition </h4> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> <div id="faq--41282" class="panel-collapse collapse faq-entry-item__content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="faq--41282-heading"> <div class="panel-body faq-entry-item__body"> <p>This is where the Systems add major value. The principle of obligatory recognition of the other members' certificates and test results implies that no repeat tests are necessary. It enables faster and more economic entry into distant markets for manufacturers and provides a global assurance that, no matter where a test was carried out or a certificate was issued, it has the same value.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default faq-entry-item"> <div class="panel-heading faq-entry-item__heading" role="tab" id="faq--41283-heading"> <a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#faq-category--3272--877" href="#faq--41283" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="faq--41283"> <h4 class="panel-title faq-entry-item__title"> Mutual confidence, the most important single element to achieve mutual recognition </h4> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> <div id="faq--41283" class="panel-collapse collapse faq-entry-item__content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="faq--41283-heading"> <div class="panel-body faq-entry-item__body"> <p>In order to accept the results of a distant laboratory – with which it has no direct relationship – as a basis for a certificate for which it must assume responsibility, the CB (Certification Body) must have a high level of confidence in the accuracy and impartiality of the laboratory’s work.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c5969093f7c5c1c5969093fa" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-12 iec-col "> <section class="block block-block-content block-block-content73b557ce-1c00-4af6-9ea5-846cfcef5e85 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-paragraph field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--detail-and-more-information paragraph--view-mode--default detail-and-more-information-wrapper "> <div 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