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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Divine Manifestation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Divine_Manifestation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Divine Manifestation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Divine_Manifestation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Practices</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="পঞ্চরাত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পঞ্চরাত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pancharatra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%B1charatra" title="Pañcharatra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pañcharatra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pancharatra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पंचरात्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पंचरात्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C4%8Daratra" title="Pančaratra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pančaratra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Панчаратра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панчаратра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பாஞ்சராத்திரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாஞ்சராத்திரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="పాంచరాత్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాంచరాత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C3%A7aratra" title="Pançaratra – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pançaratra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Панчаратра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панчаратра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2074685#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Indian religious movement around Narayana-Vishnu (Vaishnavism)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a>.</div> <p 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnavism" title="Category:Vaishnavism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #c9d5f2; border-color: #001A57"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Vaishnavism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Git_govind_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet."><img alt="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/220px-Git_govind_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/330px-Git_govind_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/440px-Git_govind_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Supreme deity</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Important deities</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parasurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other forms</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayurappan" title="Guruvayurappan">Guruvayurappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Nara-Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Shrinathji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkateshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateshvara">Venkateshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Consorts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamelu">Alamelu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Shesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu scriptures"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Holy scriptures</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasa" title="Vaikhanasa">Vaikhanasa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandha">Divya Prabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Sampradayas</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sampradaya">Sri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Rudra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81ra_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumāra Sampradaya">Kumara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dvaitadvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaitadvaita">Dvaitadvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tattvavada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattvavada">Tattvavada</a> or (<a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a>)), <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Acintyabhedabheda</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Others</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranami_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Pranami Sampraday">Pranami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Vallabh_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Radha Vallabh Sampradaya">Radha Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsnehi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsnehi">Ramsnehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Vaishnava-Sahajiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Teachers—acharyas</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Jñāneśvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavdev" title="Madhavdev">Madhavdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Manavala Mamunigal">Manavala Mamunigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammalvar" title="Nammalvar">Nammalvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathamuni" title="Nathamuni">Nathamuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabha_Tirtha" title="Padmanabha Tirtha">Padmanabha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya" title="Pillai Lokacharya">Pillai Lokacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Tirtha" title="Raghavendra Tirtha">Raghavendra Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabhinava_Tirtha" title="Satyabhinava Tirtha">Satyabhinava Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabodha_Tirtha" title="Satyabodha Tirtha">Satyabodha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadharma_Tirtha" title="Satyadharma Tirtha">Satyadharma Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati" title="Vidyapati">Vidyapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Vishnuswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthalanatha" title="Vitthalanatha">Viṭṭhalanātha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunacharya" title="Yamunacharya">Yamunacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kantha_Krishnamacharyulu" title="Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu">Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annamacharya" title="Annamacharya">Annamacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrachala_Ramadasu" title="Bhadrachala Ramadasu">Bhadrachala Ramadasu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Related traditions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavatism">Bhagavatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaikhanasas">Vaikhanasas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Tenkalai_("southern")_-_Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Tenkalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Vadakalai_("northern")_-_Vedanta_Desika" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Vadakalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munitraya_Sampradayam" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitraya Sampradayam">Munitraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannathism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Sahajiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanandi">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapadi" title="Kapadi">Kapadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmikism" title="Balmikism">Balmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_panth" title="Kabir panth">Kabir panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaishnavism" title="Template talk:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/90px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/135px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/180px-1_Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Hinduism">Vedic Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul> <p><b>Traditional</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (Traditions)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></i></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Vedic Deities:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">God</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (Stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81naprastha" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uparati" title="Uparati">Uparati (self-settledness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samadhana (concentration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyaksha" title="Pratyaksha">Pratyakṣa (perception)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_(Hinduism)" title="Arti (Hinduism)">Ārtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Nritta-Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Hinduism" title="Exorcism in Hinduism">Exorcism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samādhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Arts</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Divisions</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)"><i>Agama</i>s (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas#Upaveda" title="Vedas">Upavedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gandharvaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharvaveda">Gandharvaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sthapatyaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sthapatyaveda">Sthapatyaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samhita" title="Samhita">samhitas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharma Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Artha Śastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samkhya_Pravachana_Sutra" title="Samkhya Pravachana Sutra">Samkhya Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sushruta_Samhita" title="Sushruta Samhita">Sushruta Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Swarodaya" title="Shiva Swarodaya">Swara yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchadasi" title="Panchadasi">Panchadasi</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_suktas_and_stutis" title="List of suktas and stutis">stutis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhashya" title="Bhashya">Bhashya</a> </div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanakadhara_Stotra" title="Kanakadhara Stotra">Kanakadhara Stotra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Stuti" title="Shiva Stuti">Shiva Stuti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vayu_Stuti" title="Vayu Stuti">Vayu Stuti</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil literature</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiruppukal" title="Tiruppukal">Tiruppukal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abirami_Antati" title="Abirami Antati">Abirami Antati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed; border-bottom:1px dotted"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other texts</a></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hindu Culture & Society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px 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href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Template:Vaishnavism"> Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Saktism" title="Template:Saktism"> Shaktism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hinduism" title="Outline of Hinduism">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/16px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/23px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/31px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hinduism" title="Template:Hinduism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hinduism" title="Template talk:Hinduism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hinduism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hinduism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Pancharatra</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i>Pāñcarātra</i>) was a religious movement in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> that originated in late 3rd-century BCE around the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Narayana" title="Narayana">Narayana</a> and the various avatar and forms of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> as their central deities.<sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement later merged with the ancient Bhagavata tradition and contributed to the development of <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gonda1977p39_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonda1977p39-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pancharatra movement created numerous literary treatises in Sanskrit called the <i>Pancharatra Samhitas</i>, and these have been influential <a href="/wiki/%C4%80gama_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Āgama (Hinduism)">Agamic</a> texts within the theistic Vaishnava movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonda1977p39_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonda1977p39-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GOS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Literally meaning <i>five nights</i> (<i>pañca</i>: five, <i>rātra</i>: nights),<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the term <i>Pancharatra</i> has been variously interpreted.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-buitenen291_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buitenen291-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term has been attributed to a sage Narayana who performed a sacrifice for five nights and became a transcendent being and one with all beings.<sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sharma_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharma-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pancharatra Agamas constitute some of the most important texts of many Vaishnava philosophies including the <a href="/wiki/Madhva_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhva Sampradaya">Madhva Sampradaya</a> or <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnava_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya">Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sharma_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharma-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pancharatra Agamas are composed of more than 200 texts;<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> likely composed between 600 CE to 850 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Shandilya_Bhakti_Sutra" title="Shandilya Bhakti Sutra">Shandilya Sutras</a></i> (~100 CE)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the earliest known text that systematized the devotional <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a> pancharatra doctrine and 2nd-century CE inscriptions in South India suggest Pancharatra doctrines were known there by then.<sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 8th-century <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a> criticized elements of the Pancharatra doctrine along with other theistic approaches stating Pancaratra doctrine was against monistic spiritual pursuits and non-Vedic.<sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chatterjee2008p107_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterjee2008p107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a>, the influential Vaishnavism scholar, developed a qualified monism doctrine which bridged ideas of Pancharatra movement and those of monistic ideas in the Vedas.<sup id="cite_ref-Glucklich2008p178_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glucklich2008p178-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pancharatra theology is a source of the primary and secondary <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatar</a>-related doctrines in traditions of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lochtefeld2002p493-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pancharatra has likely roots in 3rd-century BCE, as a religious movement around the ideas of a sage Narayana, who much later becomes identified as an avatar of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest use of the word Pancharatra is found in section 7.1.10 of the <i>Taittiriya Samhita</i>, a Vedic text.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The section describes a person going through a Pancharatra ritual to become a master of rhetorics.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The section 13.6 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Shatapatha_Brahmana" title="Shatapatha Brahmana">Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa</a></i> mentions Nārāyaṇa as the primordial divinity who performs this offering.<sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Narayaniya section of the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> (XII, 335–351) refers to seven rishis who say the Pancharatra ritual was made consistent with the Vedas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the five day ritual is mentioned along with many other sacrifices in the Vedic text, the origins of Pancaratra devotees and their tradition is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lochtefeld2002p493-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement merged with the ancient Bhagavata tradition also around <a href="/wiki/Krishna-V%C4%81sudeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna-Vāsudeva">Krishna-Vāsudeva</a>, and contributed to the development of <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gonda1977p39_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonda1977p39-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/J._A._B._van_Buitenen" title="J. A. B. van Buitenen">J. A. B. van Buitenen</a>, the word "Pancharatra" is explained in <i>Naradiya Samhita</i> as referring to a tradition of "five knowledges".<sup id="cite_ref-buitenen291_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buitenen291-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Gonda" title="Jan Gonda">Jan Gonda</a> states that the term "nights" in "five nights" in the Pancharatra tradition may be a metaphor for inner darkness, and "came to mean – how, we do not know", though indeed there have been many interpretations such as "five systems", "five studies" and "five rituals".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1st-century works by <a href="/wiki/Shandilya_(Rishi)" title="Shandilya (Rishi)">Shandilya</a> are the earliest known systematization of the Pancharatra doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This doctrine was known and influential around then, as is attested by the 2nd-century CE inscriptions in South India.<sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence suggests that they co-existed with the Bhagavata tradition in ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lochtefeld2002p493-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> scholars, such as <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a>, criticized elements of the Pancharatra doctrine along with other theistic approaches stating it was against monistic spiritual pursuits and non-Vedic.<sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chatterjee2008p107_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterjee2008p107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Suthren Hirst, Shankara supported the use of icons and temple worship if it focussed as a means to comprehend <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> as the sole metaphysical reality. However, he opposed devotional theism as an end in itself and the goal of spiritual pursuits.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterjee2008p107_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterjee2008p107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pancharatra tradition has historically disagreed with claims of it being non-Vedic, states Gonda, and Pancharatra texts explicitly state that, "Pancharatra is Vedic, it originates in the <a href="/wiki/Sruti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sruti">Sruti</a>" and that the "Pancharatra precepts and practices should be observed by anyone who has allegiance to the Vedas".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a>, the influential <a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a> scholar, was born in Pancharatra tradition, disagreed with Shankara, and developed a qualified monism doctrine which integrated ideas of Pancharatra movement and those of monistic ideas in the Vedas.<sup id="cite_ref-Glucklich2008p178_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glucklich2008p178-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramanuja stated that the Vishnu of Pancharatra is identical to Vedanta's <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>, where Purusha reflects the eternal soul that is Vishnu, and Prakriti the impermanent ever changing body of Vishnu.<sup id="cite_ref-Glucklich2008p178_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glucklich2008p178-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> worshipers of today, represented in a wide spectrum of traditions, generally follow the system of Pancharatra worship. The concept of Naḍa and Naḍa-Brahman appear already in Sāttvata <a href="/wiki/Samhita" title="Samhita">Samhita</a> or Sāttvata Tantra and in Jayākhya Samhita, two texts considered most canonical of Pancharatra texts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Madhvacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhvacarya">Ānanda Tīrtha</a> the founder of Madhva line has written in his commentary on <a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka Upanishad</a>: <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "In <a href="/wiki/Dvapara_Yuga" title="Dvapara Yuga">Dvapara Yuga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> is exclusively worshiped according to the principles of the Pancharatra Scripture, but in this age of <a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a>, the Supreme Lord Hari is worshiped only by the chanting of his Holy Name."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Gosvami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiva Gosvami">Jiva Gosvami</a> had stated in his <i>Paramātma Sandārbha</i>, forming part of six principal Sandārbhas, or philosophical treatises of <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya Vaishnavism</a>, that, "Seeing that the imperfect scriptures in the modes of passion and ignorance bring only a host of troubles, and also seeing that the original <a href="/wiki/Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Veda">Vedas</a> are very difficult to follow properly, and thus being very dissatisfied with both of these, the all-knowing scripture authors affirm the superiority of the Pancharatras, which describe the pure absolute truth, <a href="/wiki/Narayana" title="Narayana">Narayana</a>, and the worship of the Lord, which is very easy to perform." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divine_Manifestation">Divine Manifestation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Divine Manifestation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; color: #202122;background-color: #f0faff;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><b>The nature of <a href="/wiki/Atman_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman (Hinduism)">Atman</a> (soul)</b> </p> <div class="poem"> <p>In the Pancharatra system, the soul is one with the Supreme,<br /> but is also an individual.<br /> Even in a state of salvation it retains the individuality,<br /> to realize the bliss of union with the Supreme. </p> </div> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Nanditha Krishna<sup id="cite_ref-nandithak135_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nandithak135-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>The Pancharatra theology developed over time. It presents a dualistic theory on how creation manifested from a godhead, as the Purusha-Prakriti and as the masculine-feminine manifestations of the divine.<sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lochtefeld2002p493-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jacobsen2008p130_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobsen2008p130-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It states that the creation emerged through <i>vyuhas</i> (arrangements).<sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the beginning, states Pancharatra doctrine, there was only Narayana as the highest changeless god and as explained by their concept of <a href="/wiki/Caturvy%C5%ABha" title="Caturvyūha">Caturvyuha</a>, this supreme god-head transformed into four earthly emanations, the first of which was <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81sudeva" title="Vāsudeva">Vāsudeva</a>-<a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> (Vāsudeva literally means "indwelling deity")<sup id="cite_ref-doriss39_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doriss39-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further arrangements or emanations followed, secondly into <a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%85kar%E1%B9%A3a%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Saṅkarṣaṇa">Saṅkarṣaṇa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the lord over all life, thirdly into <a href="/wiki/Pradyumna" title="Pradyumna">Pradyumna</a> creating mind, and lastly into <a href="/wiki/Aniruddha" title="Aniruddha">Aniruddha</a> as ego (<i>ahamkara</i>). Thereafter, Brahma emerged from Aniruddha who created the empirical universe. Thus, the divinity was and is everywhere in Pancaratra, but in different aspects, one form or phase emerging from the previous.<sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lochtefeld2002p493-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 11th century CE <a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a>, a founder of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnava" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Vaishnava">Sri Vaishnava</a> traditions of Vaisnavism had established the Pancharatra system of Vaisnavism for his followers. His philosophy of worship of <a href="/wiki/Narayana" title="Narayana">Narayana</a> was based on the pancaratric teachings. </p><p>Ramanuja taught that the deity absolute, <a href="/wiki/Parabrahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Parabrahman">Parabrahman</a>, manifests in five possible aspects: Para, <a href="/wiki/Vyuha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyuha">Vyuha</a>, Vibhava, <a href="/wiki/Antaryamin" title="Antaryamin">Antaryamin</a>, and Archa. Living beings can interact with the divine through one or another of these five:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nandithak135_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nandithak135-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Para: the invisible, eternal supreme ;</li> <li>Vyuha: the invisible, impermanent supreme in form;</li> <li>Vibhava: also called the <i>Avatara</i>, are the incarnations of the supreme in various <i>yuga</i> (eras in Hindu cosmology) such as the <a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a>;</li> <li>Antaryamin: not directly perceptible but can be inferred, the aspect of supreme whose presence can be felt by the devotee;</li> <li>Archa: visible icon form, filled with symbolism, consecrated in temples or revered images inside home (Shalagrama, conch shell, festive decorations), a means to remember and meditate on the supreme.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vyuha-related Pancharatra theology is a source of the primary and secondary <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatar</a>-related doctrines in traditions of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lochtefeld2002p493-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Barbara Holdrege, a professor and comparative historian of religions, the Pancharatra doctrines influenced both Sri Vaishnavism and <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya Vaishnavism</a>, albeit a bit different.<sup id="cite_ref-Holdrege2015p73_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holdrege2015p73-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sri Vaishnavism, Vishnu-Narayana is supreme, while <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81sudeva" title="Vāsudeva">Vāsudeva</a>, Samkarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha are the four Vyuhas. In Gaudiya Vaishnavism, the Vyuha theory is more complex, Krishna (Vāsudeva) is "Svayam Bhagavan" (the ultimate or Para Brahman) who manifests as Vyuhas, and he along with Samkarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha are the Vyuhas and the Purusha-avataras of the material realm.<sup id="cite_ref-Holdrege2015p73_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holdrege2015p73-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practices">Practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_of_Wales_Museum_Bombay_si0079.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Prince_of_Wales_Museum_Bombay_si0079.jpg/220px-Prince_of_Wales_Museum_Bombay_si0079.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Prince_of_Wales_Museum_Bombay_si0079.jpg/330px-Prince_of_Wales_Museum_Bombay_si0079.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Prince_of_Wales_Museum_Bombay_si0079.jpg/440px-Prince_of_Wales_Museum_Bombay_si0079.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="1191" /></a><figcaption>11th-century <a href="/wiki/Vaikuntha_Chaturmurti" title="Vaikuntha Chaturmurti">Vaikuntha Chaturmurti</a>. It is one of the iconic representation of the Pancharatra Vyuhas theory found in some medieval Hindu temples.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Pancharatra tradition taught the <i>Panchakala</i> or five observances practiced every day:<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hudson2008p491_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson2008p491-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>Abhigamna</i> or ablutions and morning prayers to god.</li> <li><i>Upadana</i> or collecting worship materials.</li> <li><i>Ijya</i> or worship with offerings.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svadhyaya</a></i> or daily study.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Hinduism">meditation</a>.</li></ol> <p>The significance of divine manifestation theology in Pancaratra tradition is it believes that an understanding of the process by which Vishnu-Narayana emerged into empirical reality and human beings, can lead one to reverse the process. Through practicing the reversal and moving from the empirical to ever more abstract, according to Pancaratra, human beings can access immanent Vāsudeva-Krishna and thereby achieve salvific liberation (<a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lochtefeld2002p493-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temples">Temples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vaishnava temples and arts since the <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a>, states Doris Srinivasan, attempted to present the Pancaratra ideas. In this system, states Srinivasan, "<a href="/wiki/V%C4%81sudeva" title="Vāsudeva">Vāsudeva</a>, literally, "the indwelling deity," is the first emanation and the fountainhead of the successive emanations, which may be represented either anthropomorphically or theriomorphically in Hindu art". As one circumambulates the ancient and medieval Vaishnava cave temples, the devotee walks past from the icon representing Vāsudeva (most abstract) and then the successive <i><a href="/wiki/Vyuha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyuha">Vyuhas</a></i> (literally, "orderly arrangement").<sup id="cite_ref-doriss39_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doriss39-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pancharatra_Texts">Pancharatra Texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pancharatra Texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shandilya_Bhakti_Sutra" title="Shandilya Bhakti Sutra">Bhaktisūtras of Shandilya</a> were one of the earliest systematic treatises on the Pancaratra doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pancaratra literature constitutes the <a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Āgama</a> texts of Vaishnavism.<sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the Shaivism counterpart, it not only presents the theology, but describes the details, symbolism and procedures of Vaishnava temples building and rituals. According to the Pancharatra tradition, there are 108 <i><a href="/wiki/Samhita" title="Samhita">samhitas</a></i>, but its texts list over 200 <i>samhitas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Pancaratra texts have been lost. Some surviving Pancaratra texts, with their general focus, are:<sup id="cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Sasvata Samhita</i>: treatise on divine manifestations (<i>vyuhas</i>), forty six incarnations of Vishnu, and worship methodology<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ahirbudhnya Samhita</i>: discusses philosophy, vyuha theory, alphabet and rituals<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Hayashirsha Samhita</i>: rituals and deities<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Padma Samhita</i>: Panchakala practices for the devotee, festivals and mantras<sup id="cite_ref-Hudson2008p491_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson2008p491-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Paushkara Samhita</i>: iconography and worship, believed to be a gem along with <i>Satvata Samhita</i><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Maha Sanatkumara Samhita</i>: a large text on religious practice<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Isvara Samhita</i>: meditation, worship and rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Valmiki Samhita:</i> Vishishtadvaita, important in the worship of Rama and Sita.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_agamas">List of agamas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of agamas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pancharatra texts are samhitas and tantras which both classify as Agama due to subject matter. The Agamas are predominantly divided into Saiva, Sakta and Vaishnava Agamas. The Vaishnava Agamas are Pancharatra Agama and Vaikhanasa Agama and they conclude Brahman as <a href="/wiki/Narayana" title="Narayana">Narayana</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> subscribes to the Pancharatra philosophy in its Narayaniya section. Author Vishnulok Bihari Srivastava says, "Pancharatra has been discussed in the Narayanopakhyana section of <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>. It has been mentioned that Narada had imbibed the essence of this tantra from Sage <a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Narayana</a>. It has been accepted as part of Veda named Ekayana. As many as 215 Pancharatra Samhitas have been mentioned in Kapinjala Samhita".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given is a list of Saṃhitās based on the list of published and unpublished, complete and incomplete Saṃhitās from the catalogue prepared by Sadhu Parampurushdas and Sadhu Shrutiprakashdas:<sup id="cite_ref-Sadhu_2002_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadhu_2002-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;column-gap: 2em;"> <ul><li>Agastya-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Anantākhya-saṃhitā</li> <li>Aniruddha-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ahirbudhnya-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ānanda-saṃhitā</li> <li>Īśvara-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Īśvara-saṃhitā (Nṛsiṃhakalpa)</li> <li>Upendra-saṃhitā</li> <li>Umā-saṃhitā</li> <li>Aupagāyana-saṃhitā</li> <li>Kaṇva-saṃhitā</li> <li>Kapiñjala-saṃhitā</li> <li>Kapila-saṃhitā</li> <li>Kāśyapa-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kāśyapottara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Khagapraśna-saṃhitā</li> <li>Khagendra-saṃhitā</li> <li>Khageśvara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Gajendra-saṃhitā</li> <li>Garga-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Govinda-saṃhitā</li> <li>Gautama-saṃhitā</li> <li>Citraśikhaṇḍi-saṃhitā</li> <li>Jayākhya-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jayottara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Jñānāmṛtasāra-saṃhitā</li> <li>Jñānārṇava-saṃhitā</li> <li>Tantratilaka-saṃhitā</li> <li>Trayaśatottara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Dūrvāsā-saṃhitā</li> <li>Narasiṃhapādma-saṃhitā</li> <li>Nalakūbara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Nārada-saṃhitā</li> <li>Nāradīya-saṃhitā</li> <li>Nārasiṃha-saṃhitā</li> <li>Nārāyaṇa-saṃhitā</li> <li>Pañcapraśna-saṃhitā</li> <li>Padmanābha-saṃhitā</li> <li>Padmodbhava-saṃhitā</li> <li>Parama-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Paramapuruṣa-saṃhitā</li> <li>Parāśara-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pādma-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pādma-saṃhitā-tantram</li> <li>Pārameśvara-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pārameṣṭhya-saṃhitā</li> <li>Pārāśarya-saṃhitā</li> <li>Purāṇa-saṃhitā</li> <li>Puruṣottama-saṃhitā</li> <li>Pūrṇa-saṃhitā</li> <li>Pauṣkara-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pradyumna-saṃhitā</li> <li>Prahlāda-saṃhitā</li> <li>Balapauṣkara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Bṛhadbrahma-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bṛhaspati-mahātantram</li> <li>Bodhāyana-tantram</li> <li>Brahma-tantram</li> <li>Brahma-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bhāgavata-saṃhitā</li> <li>Bhāradvāja-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bhārgava-saṃhitā</li> <li>Maṅkaṇa-saṃhitā</li> <li>Mahākāla-pañcarātram</li> <li>Mahālakṣmī-saṃhitā</li> <li>Mahāsanatkumāra-saṃhitā</li> <li>Māyāvaibhava-saṃhitā</li> <li>Mārkaṇḍeya-saṃhitā</li> <li>Māheśvara-tantram</li> <li>Lakṣmī-tantram <sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vālmīki-saṃhitā</li> <li>Varāha-saṃhitā</li> <li>Vāmana-saṃhitā</li> <li>Vāyu-saṃhitā</li> <li>Vāsiṣṭha-saṃhitā</li> <li>Vāsudeva-saṃhitā</li> <li>Viśva-saṃhitā</li> <li>Viśvāmitra-saṃhitā</li> <li>Viśveśvara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Viṣṇu-tantram</li> <li>Viṣṇu-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Viṣṇutattva-saṃhitā</li> <li>Viṣṇutilaka-saṃhitā</li> <li>Viṣṇumandira-saṃhitā</li> <li>Viṣṇurahasya-saṃhitā</li> <li>Viṣṇusiddhānta-saṃhitā</li> <li>Viṣvaksena-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vihagendra-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vihageśvara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Vṛddhapādma-saṃhitā</li> <li>Vaihāyasī-saṃhitā</li> <li>Vyāsa-saṃhitā</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandilya_Samhita" title="Shandilya Samhita">Śāṇḍilya-saṃhitā</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Śukapraśna-saṃhitā</li> <li>Śeṣa-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Śaunaka-saṃhitā</li> <li>Śaunakīya-saṃhitā</li> <li>Śrī-śāstram</li> <li>Śrīkālaparā-saṃhitā</li> <li>Śrīdhara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Śrīpraśna-saṃhitā</li> <li>Saṅkarṣaṇa-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sanaka-saṃhitā</li> <li>Sanat-saṃhitā</li> <li>Sanatkumāra-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sananda-saṃhitā</li> <li>Sātyaki-tantram</li> <li>Sātvata-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sārasamuccaya-saṃhitā</li> <li>Sāṃvarta-saṃhitā</li> <li>Sudarśana-saṃhitā</li> <li>Suparṇapraśna-saṃhitā</li> <li>Hayagrīva-tantram</li> <li>Hayaśīrṣa-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Haṃsapārameśvara-saṃhitā</li> <li>Hiraṇyagarbha-saṃhitā</li> <li>(Śrī)kālottara-saṃhitā</li> <li>(Śrīman)nārāyaṇa-saṃhitā <sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p>Many more Samhitas, of which only the name is known and are non-extant, are listed in the work as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Sadhu_2002_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadhu_2002-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Ranganathaswamy Temple</a> of Srirangam, the Paramesvara Samhita, a variant of the Paushkara Samhita, is in adherence. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Varadharaja_Perumal_Temple,_Kanchipuram" title="Varadharaja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram">Varadaraja Perumal Temple</a> of Kanchipuram, the Jayakhya Samhita is followed. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Cheluvanarayana_Swamy_Temple" title="Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple">Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple</a> of Melukote, the Ishvara Samhita is followed. </p><p>In the Pundarikaksha Swamy Temple of Tiruvellarai, the Padma Samhita is followed. </p><p>In Tirukkudantai of Kumbakonam, Aravamudhan Sarangapani, a form of Vishnu, is worshipped with the Sriprasna Samhita. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya Vaishnavas</a> follow the <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Samhita" title="Brahma Samhita">Brahma Samhita</a> and the Naradiya Samhita. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sreevallabha_Temple" title="Sreevallabha Temple">Sreevallabha Temple</a> of Kerala follows the Durvasa Samhita and the Ahirbudhnya Samhita. </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="font-size:88%; margin:0.5em auto; max-width:70%; text-align:center; valign:middle;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.2em 1.15em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pancaratra" title="Template:Pancaratra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Pancaratra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Pancaratra (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pancaratra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pancaratra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pāñcarātra system</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vy%C5%ABha" title="Vyūha">Vyūhas</a> </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Attributes </th> <th colspan="2">Symbol<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Direction </th> <th colspan="2">Face </th> <th>Concept </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Narayana" title="Narayana">Narayana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81sudeva" title="Vāsudeva">Vāsudeva</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deity_Krishna-Vasudeva_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria_190-180_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Deity_Krishna-Vasudeva_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria_190-180_BCE.jpg/45px-Deity_Krishna-Vasudeva_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria_190-180_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Deity_Krishna-Vasudeva_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria_190-180_BCE.jpg/68px-Deity_Krishna-Vasudeva_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria_190-180_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Deity_Krishna-Vasudeva_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria_190-180_BCE.jpg/90px-Deity_Krishna-Vasudeva_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria_190-180_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="799" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a></i> Wheel<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Gada_(mace)" title="Gada (mace)">Gadā</a></i> Mace<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Shankha" title="Shankha">Shankha</a></i> Conch </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></i> Eagle </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garuda_pillar_from_Bharhut_relief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Garuda_pillar_from_Bharhut_relief.jpg/50px-Garuda_pillar_from_Bharhut_relief.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Garuda_pillar_from_Bharhut_relief.jpg/75px-Garuda_pillar_from_Bharhut_relief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Garuda_pillar_from_Bharhut_relief.jpg/100px-Garuda_pillar_from_Bharhut_relief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1616" /></a></span> </td> <td>East </td> <td><i>Saumya</i><br />(Placid/ benevolent) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_(Saumya).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Saumya%29.jpg/40px-The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Saumya%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Saumya%29.jpg/60px-The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Saumya%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Saumya%29.jpg/80px-The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Saumya%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Jṅāna</i> Knowledge </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samkarsana" class="mw-redirect" title="Samkarsana">Samkarsana</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samkarshana_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria,_circa_180_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Samkarshana_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria%2C_circa_180_BCE.jpg/45px-Samkarshana_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria%2C_circa_180_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Samkarshana_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria%2C_circa_180_BCE.jpg/68px-Samkarshana_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria%2C_circa_180_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Samkarshana_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria%2C_circa_180_BCE.jpg/90px-Samkarshana_on_a_coin_of_Agathocles_of_Bactria%2C_circa_180_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="799" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Lāṅgala</i> <a href="/wiki/Plough" title="Plough">Plough</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Musala" title="Musala">Musala</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Pestle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pestle">Pestle</a><br />Wine glass </td> <td><i>Tala</i> Fan palm </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Besnagar_fan-palm_capital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Besnagar_fan-palm_capital.jpg/50px-Besnagar_fan-palm_capital.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Besnagar_fan-palm_capital.jpg/75px-Besnagar_fan-palm_capital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Besnagar_fan-palm_capital.jpg/100px-Besnagar_fan-palm_capital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="1537" /></a></span> </td> <td>South </td> <td><i>Simha</i> Lion </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_(Simha).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Simha%29.jpg/40px-The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Simha%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Simha%29.jpg/60px-The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Simha%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Simha%29.jpg/80px-The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Simha%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="1043" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Bala</i> Strength </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pradyumna" title="Pradyumna">Pradyumna</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pradyumna,_holding_a_bow_and_an_arrow,_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief,_4th_century_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pradyumna%2C_holding_a_bow_and_an_arrow%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg/35px-Pradyumna%2C_holding_a_bow_and_an_arrow%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pradyumna%2C_holding_a_bow_and_an_arrow%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg/53px-Pradyumna%2C_holding_a_bow_and_an_arrow%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pradyumna%2C_holding_a_bow_and_an_arrow%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg/70px-Pradyumna%2C_holding_a_bow_and_an_arrow%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="845" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Cāpa</i> Bow<br /><i><a href="/wiki/B%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Bāṇa">Bāṇa</a></i> Arrow </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Makara" title="Makara">Makara</a></i> Crocodile </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Besnagar_Makara_pillar_capital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Besnagar_Makara_pillar_capital.jpg/40px-Besnagar_Makara_pillar_capital.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Besnagar_Makara_pillar_capital.jpg/60px-Besnagar_Makara_pillar_capital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Besnagar_Makara_pillar_capital.jpg/80px-Besnagar_Makara_pillar_capital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="811" /></a></span> </td> <td>West </td> <td><i>Raudra</i> Kapila </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hindu_God_Vishnu_LACMA_M.69.13.2_(5_of_17)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_Hindu_God_Vishnu_LACMA_M.69.13.2_%285_of_17%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/50px-The_Hindu_God_Vishnu_LACMA_M.69.13.2_%285_of_17%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_Hindu_God_Vishnu_LACMA_M.69.13.2_%285_of_17%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-The_Hindu_God_Vishnu_LACMA_M.69.13.2_%285_of_17%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_Hindu_God_Vishnu_LACMA_M.69.13.2_%285_of_17%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-The_Hindu_God_Vishnu_LACMA_M.69.13.2_%285_of_17%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="702" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Aiśvaryā</i> Sovereignty </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aniruddha" title="Aniruddha">Aniruddha</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anirudha,_holding_a_sword_and_a_shield,_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief,_4th_century_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Anirudha%2C_holding_a_sword_and_a_shield%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg/35px-Anirudha%2C_holding_a_sword_and_a_shield%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Anirudha%2C_holding_a_sword_and_a_shield%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg/53px-Anirudha%2C_holding_a_sword_and_a_shield%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Anirudha%2C_holding_a_sword_and_a_shield%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg/70px-Anirudha%2C_holding_a_sword_and_a_shield%2C_in_the_Kondamotu_Vrishni_heroes_relief%2C_4th_century_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="815" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Carma</i> Shield<br /><i>Khaḍga</i> Sword </td> <td><i>Ṛṣya</i> (ऋष्य) White-footed antelope </td> <td> </td> <td>North </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></i> Boar </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_(Varaha).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Varaha%29.jpg/40px-The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Varaha%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Varaha%29.jpg/60px-The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Varaha%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Varaha%29.jpg/80px-The_God_Vishnu_in_Three_Incarnations_%28Varaha%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="977" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Śakti</i> Power </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JonesRyan2006p321-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesRyan2006p321_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFConstance_JonesJames_D._Ryan2006" class="citation book cs1">Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC"><i>Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">321–</span>322. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7564-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7564-5"><bdi>978-0-8160-7564-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020070415/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E321-%3C%2Fspan%3E322&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5&rft.au=Constance+Jones&rft.au=James+D.+Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOgMmceadQ3gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britpancharatra-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britpancharatra_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pancharatra">Pancharatra: religious movement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160810041230/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pancharatra">Archived</a> 2016-08-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Encyclopaedia Britannica</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gonda1977p39-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gonda1977p39_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonda1977p39_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonda1977p39_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJan_Gonda1977" class="citation book cs1">Jan Gonda (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEkqAAAAYAAJ"><i>Medieval Religious Literature in Sanskrit</i></a>. Harrassowitz. pp. <span class="nowrap">39–</span>41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-01743-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-01743-5"><bdi>978-3-447-01743-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Religious+Literature+in+Sanskrit&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-3-447-01743-5&rft.au=Jan+Gonda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXEkqAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GOS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GOS_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oriental Institute, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (1940). Gaekwad Oriental Series, Issue 86, p.7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Constance and Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism, p.321-322. Infobase Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816075646" title="Special:BookSources/0816075646">0816075646</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Datta, Amaresh (1987). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo, p.95. Sahitya Akademi. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8126018038" title="Special:BookSources/8126018038">8126018038</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buitenen291-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-buitenen291_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-buitenen291_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Buitenen1962" class="citation journal cs1">van Buitenen, J. A. B. (1962). "The Name "Pañcarātra"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>History of Religions</i>. <b>1</b> (2). University of Chicago Press: <span class="nowrap">291–</span>299. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F462449">10.1086/462449</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224807810">224807810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Religions&rft.atitle=The+Name+%22Pa%C3%B1car%C4%81tra%22&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E291-%3C%2Fspan%3E299&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F462449&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224807810%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=van+Buitenen&rft.aufirst=J.+A.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sharma-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sharma_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sharma_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharma, C. D. (1991). Critical Survey Of Indian Philosophy, p.336. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8120803655" title="Special:BookSources/8120803655">8120803655</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstance_JonesJames_D._Ryan2006" class="citation book cs1">Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC"><i>Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. xxviii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7564-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7564-5"><bdi>978-0-8160-7564-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020070415/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism&rft.pages=xxviii&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5&rft.au=Constance+Jones&rft.au=James+D.+Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOgMmceadQ3gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatterjee2008p107-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chatterjee2008p107_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chatterjee2008p107_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chatterjee2008p107_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuthren_Hirst2008" class="citation book cs1">Suthren Hirst (2008). Nile Green; Mary Searle-Chatterjee (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h7WSAgAAQBAJ"><i>Religion, Language, and Power</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">107–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-89287-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-89287-6"><bdi>978-1-135-89287-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Language%2C+and+Power&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-135-89287-6&rft.au=Suthren+Hirst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh7WSAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glucklich2008p178-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glucklich2008p178_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glucklich2008p178_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glucklich2008p178_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAriel_Glucklich2008" class="citation book cs1">Ariel Glucklich (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KtLScrjrWiAC&pg=PA178"><i>The Strides of Vishnu: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">178–</span>180, <span class="nowrap">66–</span>70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971825-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971825-2"><bdi>978-0-19-971825-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strides+of+Vishnu%3A+Hindu+Culture+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E178-%3C%2Fspan%3E180%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-971825-2&rft.au=Ariel+Glucklich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKtLScrjrWiAC%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lochtefeld2002p493-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lochtefeld2002p493_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_G._Lochtefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">James G. Lochtefeld (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z</i></a></span>. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/493">493</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3180-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3180-4"><bdi>978-0-8239-3180-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism%3A+N-Z&rft.pages=493&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4&rft.au=James+G.+Lochtefeld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillustratedencyc0000loch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalal2010p293-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p293_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoshen_Dalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Roshen Dalal (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin Books. p. 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.au=Roshen+Dalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazra1987" class="citation book cs1">Hazra, R. C. (1987). <i>Studies in the Purāṇic records on Hindu rites and customs</i> (2nd ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120804227" title="Special:BookSources/9788120804227"><bdi>9788120804227</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29942414">29942414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87ic+records+on+Hindu+rites+and+customs&rft.place=Delhi&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29942414&rft.isbn=9788120804227&rft.aulast=Hazra&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJan_Gonda1977" class="citation book cs1">Jan Gonda (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEkqAAAAYAAJ"><i>Medieval Religious Literature in Sanskrit</i></a>. Harrassowitz. pp. 46–50 with footnotes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-01743-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-01743-5"><bdi>978-3-447-01743-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Religious+Literature+in+Sanskrit&rft.pages=46-50+with+footnotes&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-3-447-01743-5&rft.au=Jan+Gonda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXEkqAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Krishnaswami_Aiyangar1995" class="citation book cs1">S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vRcql-QBhRwC"><i>Some Contributions of South India to Indian Culture</i></a>. Asian Educational Services. pp. <span class="nowrap">284–</span>285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-206-0999-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-206-0999-0"><bdi>978-81-206-0999-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Contributions+of+South+India+to+Indian+Culture&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E284-%3C%2Fspan%3E285&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-206-0999-0&rft.au=S.+Krishnaswami+Aiyangar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvRcql-QBhRwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJan_Gonda1977" class="citation book cs1">Jan Gonda (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEkqAAAAYAAJ"><i>Medieval Religious Literature in Sanskrit</i></a>. Harrassowitz. pp. 49–50 with footnotes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-01743-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-01743-5"><bdi>978-3-447-01743-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Religious+Literature+in+Sanskrit&rft.pages=49-50+with+footnotes&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-3-447-01743-5&rft.au=Jan+Gonda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXEkqAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Krishnaswami_Aiyangar1995" class="citation book cs1">S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vRcql-QBhRwC"><i>Some Contributions of South India to Indian Culture</i></a>. Asian Educational Services. p. 285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-206-0999-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-206-0999-0"><bdi>978-81-206-0999-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Contributions+of+South+India+to+Indian+Culture&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-206-0999-0&rft.au=S.+Krishnaswami+Aiyangar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvRcql-QBhRwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span>, Quote: "The establishment of the teaching of the Pancharatra as Vedic in character and as one form of Vaishnavism was one of the achievements of Ramanuja".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">dvapariyair janair viṣṇuḥ pancarātrais ca kevalam kalau tu nāma-mātreṇa pujyate bhagavan hariḥ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nandithak135-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nandithak135_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nandithak135_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNanditha_Krishna2009" class="citation book cs1">Nanditha Krishna (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f9cSlaLMlgEC"><i>The Book of Vishnu</i></a>. Penguin. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306762-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306762-7"><bdi>978-0-14-306762-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Vishnu&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-14-306762-7&rft.au=Nanditha+Krishna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df9cSlaLMlgEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacobsen2008p130-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jacobsen2008p130_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnut_A._Jacobsen2008" class="citation book cs1">Knut A. Jacobsen (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jPK2spNnwm4C"><i>Theory and Practice of Yoga : 'Essays in Honour of Gerald James Larson</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. <span class="nowrap">130–</span>134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-3232-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-3232-9"><bdi>978-81-208-3232-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031081855/https://books.google.com/books?id=jPK2spNnwm4C">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+and+Practice+of+Yoga+%3A+%27Essays+in+Honour+of+Gerald+James+Larson&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E130-%3C%2Fspan%3E134&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-208-3232-9&rft.au=Knut+A.+Jacobsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjPK2spNnwm4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span>, Quote: "The dualism of Samkhya-Yoga is fundamental to the Pancaratra tradition."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doriss39-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-doriss39_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-doriss39_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Doris Srinivasan (1979), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20111096">Early Vaiṣṇava imagery: Caturvyūha and variant forms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216112731/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20111096">Archived</a> 2019-12-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Archives of Asian art</i>, Volume 32, pp. 39-40, 43-54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Siddheshwar R Bhatt (1968), <i>The Philosophy of the Pancharatra: Advaitic Approach</i>, Ganesh, page 38-41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoshen_Dalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Roshen Dalal (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin. pp. <span class="nowrap">458–</span>459. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E458-%3C%2Fspan%3E459&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.au=Roshen+Dalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holdrege2015p73-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holdrege2015p73_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holdrege2015p73_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_A._Holdrege2015" class="citation book cs1">Barbara A. Holdrege (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R9FgCgAAQBAJ"><i>Bhakti and Embodiment: Fashioning Divine Bodies and Devotional Bodies in Krsna Bhakti</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">73–</span>75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-66910-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-66910-4"><bdi>978-1-317-66910-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhakti+and+Embodiment%3A+Fashioning+Divine+Bodies+and+Devotional+Bodies+in+Krsna+Bhakti&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-66910-4&rft.au=Barbara+A.+Holdrege&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR9FgCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/museums/pw3.html">Vaikuntha Chaturmurti</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013637/http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/museums/pw3.html">Archived</a> 2018-01-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gujarat, 11th century, Prince of Wales Museum, Art and Archeology Magazine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGail1983" class="citation journal cs1">Gail, Adalbert J. (1983). "On the Symbolism of Three- and Four-Faced Visnu Images: A Reconsideration of Evidence". <i>Artibus Asiae</i>. <b>44</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">297–</span>307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3249614">10.2307/3249614</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3249614">3249614</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artibus+Asiae&rft.atitle=On+the+Symbolism+of+Three-+and+Four-Faced+Visnu+Images%3A+A+Reconsideration+of+Evidence&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E297-%3C%2Fspan%3E307&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3249614&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3249614%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gail&rft.aufirst=Adalbert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJitendra_Nath_Banerjea1968" class="citation book cs1">Jitendra Nath Banerjea (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EIXXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Religion in Art and Archæology: Vaishṇavism and Saivism</i></a>. University of Lucknow. pp. <span class="nowrap">32–</span>34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+Art+and+Arch%C3%A6ology%3A+Vaish%E1%B9%87avism+and+Saivism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.pub=University+of+Lucknow&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Jitendra+Nath+Banerjea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEIXXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpinder_Singh2008" class="citation book cs1">Upinder Singh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century</i></a>. Pearson. pp. <span class="nowrap">512–</span>513. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1677-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1677-9"><bdi>978-81-317-1677-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230702115436/https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+and+Early+Medieval+India%3A+From+the+Stone+Age+to+the+12th+Century&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E512-%3C%2Fspan%3E513&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-317-1677-9&rft.au=Upinder+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPq2iCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hudson2008p491-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hudson2008p491_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hudson2008p491_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD_Dennis_Hudson2008" class="citation book cs1">D Dennis Hudson (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C"><i>The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">491–</span>492. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970902-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970902-1"><bdi>978-0-19-970902-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Body+of+God%3A+An+Emperor%27s+Palace+for+Krishna+in+Eighth-Century+Kanchipuram&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E491-%3C%2Fspan%3E492&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-970902-1&rft.au=D+Dennis+Hudson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIMCxbOezDi4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitsunori MATSUBARA (1994), The Concept of Vāsudeva as the Hindu Bhagavat, Journal of Esoteric Buddhism, Vol. 184, pp. L158-L157, context: L164-L157, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11168%2Fjeb1947.1994.L164">10.11168/jeb1947.1994.L164</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoshen_Dalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Roshen Dalal (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin. pp. 13, 459. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=13%2C+459&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.au=Roshen+Dalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoshen_Dalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Roshen Dalal (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.au=Roshen+Dalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD_Dennis_Hudson2008" class="citation book cs1">D Dennis Hudson (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C"><i>The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">450–</span>451. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970902-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970902-1"><bdi>978-0-19-970902-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Body+of+God%3A+An+Emperor%27s+Palace+for+Krishna+in+Eighth-Century+Kanchipuram&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E450-%3C%2Fspan%3E451&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-970902-1&rft.au=D+Dennis+Hudson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIMCxbOezDi4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarpatri2001" class="citation book cs1">Karpatri, Swami (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ramayan-mimansa-karpatri-swami/page/n764/mode/1up">"20"</a>. <i>Ramayan Mimansa</i> (1st ed.). Mathura: Radha Krishna Dhanuka Prakashan Sansthan. p. 688.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=20&rft.btitle=Ramayan+Mimansa&rft.place=Mathura&rft.pages=688&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Radha+Krishna+Dhanuka+Prakashan+Sansthan&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Karpatri&rft.aufirst=Swami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Framayan-mimansa-karpatri-swami%2Fpage%2Fn764%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVishnulok_Bihari_Srivastava2009" class="citation book cs1">Vishnulok Bihari Srivastava (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eaCbv1NcbHwC&pg=PT215"><i>Dictionary of Indology</i></a>. Pustak Mahal. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788122310849" title="Special:BookSources/9788122310849"><bdi>9788122310849</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031081856/https://books.google.com/books?id=eaCbv1NcbHwC&pg=PT215#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Indology&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Pustak+Mahal&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9788122310849&rft.au=Vishnulok+Bihari+Srivastava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeaCbv1NcbHwC%26pg%3DPT215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sadhu_2002-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sadhu_2002_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadhu_2002_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadhuSadhu2002" class="citation book cs1">Sadhu, Parampurushdas; Sadhu, Shrutiprakashdas (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catalogueofpancaratrasamhitaswaminarayanaaksharpithgujarat2002/mode/1up"><i>Catalogue of Pancaratra Samhita</i></a> (1st ed.). Swaminarayan Aksharpith. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7526-206-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-7526-206-0"><bdi>81-7526-206-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Pancaratra+Samhita&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Swaminarayan+Aksharpith&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=81-7526-206-0&rft.aulast=Sadhu&rft.aufirst=Parampurushdas&rft.au=Sadhu%2C+Shrutiprakashdas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatalogueofpancaratrasamhitaswaminarayanaaksharpithgujarat2002%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit_Bhavnath_Jha2009" class="citation book cs1">Pandit Bhavnath Jha (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agastya-samhita-sage-agastya-bhavanath-jha/mode/2up"><i>Agastya Samhita</i></a>. Mahavir Mandir Prakashan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agastya+Samhita&rft.pub=Mahavir+Mandir+Prakashan&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Pandit+Bhavnath+Jha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fagastya-samhita-sage-agastya-bhavanath-jha%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Sreenivasa_Iyengar1956" class="citation book cs1">A. Sreenivasa Iyengar (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aniruddhasamhita/page/n27/mode/2up"><i>Sree Anirudha Samhita one of Divyasamhita in Pancharatra</i></a>. Mahavir Mandir Prakashan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sree+Anirudha+Samhita+one+of+Divyasamhita+in+Pancharatra&rft.pub=Mahavir+Mandir+Prakashan&rft.date=1956&rft.au=A.+Sreenivasa+Iyengar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faniruddhasamhita%2Fpage%2Fn27%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit_M._D._Ramanujacharya1966" class="citation book cs1">Pandit M. D. Ramanujacharya (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AhirbudhnyaSamhitaSanskritAdyar/mode/2up"><i>Ahirbudhnya-Samhita of the Pancharatragama</i></a>. The Adhyar Library and Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahirbudhnya-Samhita+of+the+Pancharatragama&rft.pub=The+Adhyar+Library+and+Research+Center&rft.date=1966&rft.au=Pandit+M.+D.+Ramanujacharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAhirbudhnyaSamhitaSanskritAdyar%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._A._Lakshmithathachar2009" class="citation book cs1">M. A. Lakshmithathachar (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isvarasamhita02sanskritengtranslbyvvaradachariandgtripathi/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Isvarasamhita</i></a>. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New Delhi and Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isvarasamhita&rft.pub=Indira+Gandhi+National+Centre+for+the+Arts+New+Delhi+and+Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd.+Delhi&rft.date=2009&rft.au=M.+A.+Lakshmithathachar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisvarasamhita02sanskritengtranslbyvvaradachariandgtripathi%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pancaratra-agamas/Kasyapa%20Samhita%20%5BSkt%5D/"><i>Kasyapa Samhita</i></a>. Sri Yathiraja Sampathkumaramuni of Melkote. 1933.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kasyapa+Samhita&rft.pub=Sri+Yathiraja+Sampathkumaramuni+of+Melkote&rft.date=1933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpancaratra-agamas%2FKasyapa%2520Samhita%2520%255BSkt%255D%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._Shri_Ramnarayan_Dutt_Shastri_Pandey,_P._Shri_Gadadhar_Sharma,_P._Shri_Ramadhar_Shukla2000" class="citation book cs1">P. Shri Ramnarayan Dutt Shastri Pandey, P. Shri Gadadhar Sharma, P. Shri Ramadhar Shukla (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shri-garg-samhita-with-hindi-trans.-series-no.-517-2-pages-missing-gita-press/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Shrigarg-Samhita</i></a>. Gitapress, Gorakhpur.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shrigarg-Samhita&rft.pub=Gitapress%2C+Gorakhpur&rft.date=2000&rft.au=P.+Shri+Ramnarayan+Dutt+Shastri+Pandey%2C+P.+Shri+Gadadhar+Sharma%2C+P.+Shri+Ramadhar+Shukla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshri-garg-samhita-with-hindi-trans.-series-no.-517-2-pages-missing-gita-press%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmbar_Krishnamacharya1931" class="citation book cs1">Embar Krishnamacharya (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jayakhya/page/n1/mode/2up"><i>Jayakhyasamhita</i></a>. Oriental Institute Baroda.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jayakhyasamhita&rft.pub=Oriental+Institute+Baroda&rft.date=1931&rft.au=Embar+Krishnamacharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjayakhya%2Fpage%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr._S._Krishnaswami_Aiyangar1940" class="citation book cs1">Dr. S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paramasamhitaenglishsanskritbydrskrishnaswamiaiyangar1940enhancedscan/mode/2up"><i>Paramasamhita</i></a>. Baroda Oriental institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paramasamhita&rft.pub=Baroda+Oriental+institute&rft.date=1940&rft.au=Dr.+S.+Krishnaswami+Aiyangar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fparamasamhitaenglishsanskritbydrskrishnaswamiaiyangar1940enhancedscan%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382804/mode/2up"><i>Parasara Samhita</i></a>. Sri Pancharatra Agama Samrakshana Trust, Srirangam. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parasara+Samhita&rft.pub=Sri+Pancharatra+Agama+Samrakshana+Trust%2C+Srirangam&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.382804%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmt._Seetha_Padmanabhan1974" class="citation book cs1">Smt. Seetha Padmanabhan (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia804509.us.archive.org/22/items/pancaratra-agamas/Padma%20Samhita%20-%20Gnana%2CYoga%26Kriya%20Padas%20%5BSkt%5D.pdf"><i>Padma Samhita</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pancaratra Parisodhana Parishad.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Padma+Samhita&rft.pub=Pancaratra+Parisodhana+Parishad&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Smt.+Seetha+Padmanabhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia804509.us.archive.org%2F22%2Fitems%2Fpancaratra-agamas%2FPadma%2520Samhita%2520-%2520Gnana%252CYoga%2526Kriya%2520Padas%2520%255BSkt%255D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShri_Govindacharya1953" class="citation book cs1">Shri Govindacharya (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia804509.us.archive.org/22/items/pancaratra-agamas/Paramesvara%20Samhita%20%5BSkt%5D.pdf"><i>Sri Paramesvara Samhita</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Trishir Purasthakalyanamudralaya.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sri+Paramesvara+Samhita&rft.pub=Trishir+Purasthakalyanamudralaya&rft.date=1953&rft.au=Shri+Govindacharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia804509.us.archive.org%2F22%2Fitems%2Fpancaratra-agamas%2FParamesvara%2520Samhita%2520%255BSkt%255D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHis_Holiness_Sree_Yatiraja_Sampathkumara_Ramanuja_Muni_of_Melkote1934" class="citation book cs1">His Holiness Sree Yatiraja Sampathkumara Ramanuja Muni of Melkote (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia804509.us.archive.org/22/items/pancaratra-agamas/Paushkara%20Samhita%20%5BSkt%5D.pdf"><i>Sree Poushkara Samhita</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Chaukhambha Sanskrut Series Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sree+Poushkara+Samhita&rft.pub=Chaukhambha+Sanskrut+Series+Office&rft.date=1934&rft.au=His+Holiness+Sree+Yatiraja+Sampathkumara+Ramanuja+Muni+of+Melkote&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia804509.us.archive.org%2F22%2Fitems%2Fpancaratra-agamas%2FPaushkara%2520Samhita%2520%255BSkt%255D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV.S.R.R._Shankar_Shastri_Venegaonkar1912" class="citation book cs1">V.S.R.R. Shankar Shastri Venegaonkar (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brhadbrahmasamhita"><i>Bruhadbrahmasamhita</i></a>. Hari Narayan Apte.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bruhadbrahmasamhita&rft.pub=Hari+Narayan+Apte&rft.date=1912&rft.au=V.S.R.R.+Shankar+Shastri+Venegaonkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrhadbrahmasamhita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShri_Haridas_Shastri1981" class="citation book cs1">Shri Haridas Shastri (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brahma_samhita_hindi/page/n15/mode/2up"><i>Shribrahmasamhita</i></a>. Shri Gadadhar Gaurhari Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shribrahmasamhita&rft.pub=Shri+Gadadhar+Gaurhari+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Shri+Haridas+Shastri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrahma_samhita_hindi%2Fpage%2Fn15%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhemraj_Shrikrishnadas1905" class="citation book cs1">Khemraj Shrikrishnadas (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/np_bhsamhita/mode/2up"><i>Narada Pancharatra - Bharadvaj Samhita</i></a>. Venkateshwar Steam Press, Mumbai.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narada+Pancharatra+-+Bharadvaj+Samhita&rft.pub=Venkateshwar+Steam+Press%2C+Mumbai&rft.date=1905&rft.au=Khemraj+Shrikrishnadas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnp_bhsamhita%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit_V._Krishnamacharya1975" class="citation book cs1">Pandit V. Krishnamacharya (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LakshmiTantra"><i>Lakshmi-Tantra</i></a>. The Adyar Library and Research Centre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lakshmi-Tantra&rft.pub=The+Adyar+Library+and+Research+Centre&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Pandit+V.+Krishnamacharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLakshmiTantra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._M._Dr._T._Ganapati_Sastri1992" class="citation book cs1">M. M. Dr. T. Ganapati Sastri (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vishnusamhitammganapatishastridrnpunni1992ocr/mode/2up"><i>Vishnu Samhita</i></a>. Nag Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vishnu+Samhita&rft.pub=Nag+Publishers&rft.date=1992&rft.au=M.+M.+Dr.+T.+Ganapati+Sastri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvishnusamhitammganapatishastridrnpunni1992ocr%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakshmi_Narasimha_Bhatta1972" class="citation book cs1">Lakshmi Narasimha Bhatta (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vishvaksena-samhita-of-lakshmi-narasimha-bhatta-series-no.-17-kendriya-sanskrit-vidyapith-tirupati/mode/2up"><i>Visvaksena Samhita</i></a>. Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visvaksena+Samhita&rft.pub=Kendriya+Sanskrit+Vidyapeetha%2C+Tirupati&rft.date=1972&rft.au=Lakshmi+Narasimha+Bhatta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvishvaksena-samhita-of-lakshmi-narasimha-bhatta-series-no.-17-kendriya-sanskrit-vidyapith-tirupati%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vihagendra-samhita-series-no.-476-thanjavur-sarasvati-mahal-series/mode/2up"><i>Vihagendra Samhita</i></a>. The Thanjavur Maharaja Serfojis Sarasvati Mahal Library Publications. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vihagendra+Samhita&rft.pub=The+Thanjavur+Maharaja+Serfojis+Sarasvati+Mahal+Library+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvihagendra-samhita-series-no.-476-thanjavur-sarasvati-mahal-series%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahamahopadhyaya_Gopinath_Kaviraj,_M.A.1935" class="citation book cs1">Mahamahopadhyaya Gopinath Kaviraj, M.A. (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia804509.us.archive.org/22/items/pancaratra-agamas/Sandilya_Samhita_Bhakti_Kanda.pdf"><i>The Sandilya Samhita - Bhakti Khanda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Mr. H. P. Dutt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sandilya+Samhita+-+Bhakti+Khanda&rft.pub=Mr.+H.+P.+Dutt&rft.date=1935&rft.au=Mahamahopadhyaya+Gopinath+Kaviraj%2C+M.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia804509.us.archive.org%2F22%2Fitems%2Fpancaratra-agamas%2FSandilya_Samhita_Bhakti_Kanda.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakshmipuram_Shrinivasacharya1935" class="citation book cs1">Lakshmipuram Shrinivasacharya (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shesha_samhita/mode/2up"><i>Shesh Samhita</i></a>. Shri Mahishur Dharmasanstha.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shesh+Samhita&rft.pub=Shri+Mahishur+Dharmasanstha&rft.date=1935&rft.au=Lakshmipuram+Shrinivasacharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshesha_samhita%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcaryasri_Vrajvallabh_Dwivedi2004" class="citation book cs1">Acaryasri Vrajvallabh Dwivedi (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/NaradPanchratramSankarshanSamhitaEd.VrajVallabhaDwivedi/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Naradapancatantram - Sankarsana-Samhita</i></a>. Swaminarayan Aksharpith, Amdavad.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naradapancatantram+-+Sankarsana-Samhita&rft.pub=Swaminarayan+Aksharpith%2C+Amdavad&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Acaryasri+Vrajvallabh+Dwivedi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FNaradPanchratramSankarshanSamhitaEd.VrajVallabhaDwivedi%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShri_Haridas_Shastrin.d." class="citation book cs1">Shri Haridas Shastri (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sanatkumarasamhita"><i>Sanat-kumar-Samhita</i></a>. Shri Gadadhara Gaurahari Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sanat-kumar-Samhita&rft.pub=Shri+Gadadhara+Gaurahari+Press&rft.au=Shri+Haridas+Shastri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsanatkumarasamhita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr._Sudhakar_Malaviya2007" class="citation book cs1">Dr. Sudhakar Malaviya (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hindisanskritsatvatasamhitadr.sudhakarmalaviyasattvata"><i>Satvata-Samhita</i></a>. Chaukhambha Sanskrut Series Office, Varanasi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Satvata-Samhita&rft.pub=Chaukhambha+Sanskrut+Series+Office%2C+Varanasi&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Dr.+Sudhakar+Malaviya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhindisanskritsatvatasamhitadr.sudhakarmalaviyasattvata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr._Kali_Kumar_Dutta_Sastri1976" class="citation book cs1">Dr. Kali Kumar Dutta Sastri (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hayashirsha-pancaratra-adi-khanda-sanskrit-with-english-exordia-and-addendum-1976/mode/2up"><i>Hayasirsa Pancaratra (Adi Kanda)</i></a>. The Asiatic Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hayasirsa+Pancaratra+%28Adi+Kanda%29&rft.pub=The+Asiatic+Society&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Dr.+Kali+Kumar+Dutta+Sastri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhayashirsha-pancaratra-adi-khanda-sanskrit-with-english-exordia-and-addendum-1976%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia804509.us.archive.org/22/items/pancaratra-agamas/Narayana%20Samhita%20%5BSkt%5D.pdf"><i>Shrimannarayana-Samhita</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vedic Culture Center, New Delhi. 1990.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shrimannarayana-Samhita&rft.pub=Vedic+Culture+Center%2C+New+Delhi&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia804509.us.archive.org%2F22%2Fitems%2Fpancaratra-agamas%2FNarayana%2520Samhita%2520%255BSkt%255D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtherton1997" class="citation book cs1">Atherton, Cynthia Packert (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkxXK5wFob4C&pg=PA78"><i>The Sculpture of Early Medieval Rajasthan</i></a>. Brill. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10789-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10789-2"><bdi>978-90-04-10789-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sculpture+of+Early+Medieval+Rajasthan&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10789-2&rft.aulast=Atherton&rft.aufirst=Cynthia+Packert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZkxXK5wFob4C%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ"><i>A Comprehensive History of India: pt. 1-2. A.D. 300-985</i></a>. Orient Longmans. 1982. p. 866.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+History+of+India%3A+pt.+1-2.+A.D.+300-985&rft.pages=866&rft.pub=Orient+Longmans&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9MMKAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParlier-Renault2007" class="citation book cs1">Parlier-Renault, Edith (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cGN0-IV0pwoC&pg=PP43"><i>Temples de l'Inde méridionale: VIe-VIIIe siècles. La mise en scène des mythes</i></a>. Presses Paris Sorbonne. pp. <span class="nowrap">38–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84050-464-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84050-464-1"><bdi>978-2-84050-464-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temples+de+l%27Inde+m%C3%A9ridionale%3A+VIe-VIIIe+si%C3%A8cles.+La+mise+en+sc%C3%A8ne+des+mythes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E38-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.pub=Presses+Paris+Sorbonne&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-2-84050-464-1&rft.aulast=Parlier-Renault&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcGN0-IV0pwoC%26pg%3DPP43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A shrine of Aniruddha, the fourth of the 'vyuhas', which had within its precincts a 'rsyadhvaja', i. e. a column bearing on its top the figure of a 'rsya' or a white antelope which was his characteristic 'lanchana'." in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F1zrAAAAMAAJ"><i>Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art</i></a>. Indian Society of Oriental Art. 1937. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Indian+Society+of+Oriental+Art&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Indian+Society+of+Oriental+Art&rft.date=1937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF1zrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta" class="citation journal cs1">Gupta, Vinay K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/40656540">"Vrishnis in Ancient Literature and Art"</a>. <i>Indology's Pulse Arts in Context, Doris Meth Srinivasan Festschrift Volume, Eds. Corinna Wessels Mevissen and Gerd Mevissen with Assistance of Vinay Kumar Gupta</i>: <span class="nowrap">80–</span>81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indology%27s+Pulse+Arts+in+Context%2C+Doris+Meth+Srinivasan+Festschrift+Volume%2C+Eds.+Corinna+Wessels+Mevissen+and+Gerd+Mevissen+with+Assistance+of+Vinay+Kumar+Gupta&rft.atitle=Vrishnis+in+Ancient+Literature+and+Art&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E80-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Vinay+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F40656540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson2002" class="citation cs2">Hudson, Dennis (2002), <i>Early Evidence of the Pancaratra Agama as Chapter 8 in The Roots of Tantra</i>, SUNY Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Evidence+of+the+Pancaratra+Agama+as+Chapter+8+in+The+Roots+of+Tantra&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancharatra" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>S. N. Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy, vol. 3 (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1975); Sanjukta Gupta, trans., Laksmi Tantra: A Pancaratra Text.</li> <li>Orientalia Rheno-Trajectina, Vol. 15 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1972); S. Rangachar, Philosophy of Pancaratras (Mandya: Sridevi Prakashana, 1991).</li> <li>Aiyangar, Pandit M. Duraiswami, and Venugopalacharya, Pandit T. Sri Pancaratraraksa of Sri Vedanta Desika. The Adyar Library and Research Centre, Madras, India, 1996.</li> <li>Apte, Dr. P. P. (edited). Pauskara Samhita. Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati Series No.54, Tirupati, India, 1991.</li> <li>Gupta, Sanjukta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pENlKmZ4r94C">Laksmi Tantra, A Pancaratra Text</a>. E.J.Brill, Leiden Netherlands 1972, reprint Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Delhi, 2003.</li> <li>Krishnamacharya, Pandit V. (edited). Ahirbudhnya-Samhita of the Päncaräträgama (vol I and II). The Adyar Library and Research Centre, Madras, India, 1986.</li> <li>Matsubara, Mitsunori, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LEMqAAAAYAAJ">Pancaratra Samhitas and Early Vaisnava Theology</a></i>, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1221-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1221-5">978-81-208-1221-5</a></li> <li>Matsubara, Mitsunori, <i>Monotheistic Theory of the early Vaisnavas, Vyuha Theory in the Early Pancaratra</i>, 1990.</li> <li>Matsubara, Mitsunori, <i>The Formation of the Pancaratra's Theory of the Four Vyuhas</i>, 1991.</li> <li>Otto Schrader, F., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OlgLAQAAIAAJ">Introduction to the Pancaratra and the Ahirbudhnya Samhita</a></i>, Adyar Library, Madras 1916. Second edition 1973.</li> <li>Rangachar, S., <i>Philosophy of Pancaratras</i>, Sri Devi Prakashana, Mandya (Karnatak) 1991.</li> <li>Rao, S.K. Ramachandra. The Ägama Encyclopedia: Päncharäträgama. Volume IV, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi, India, 2005.</li> <li>Sarma, Pandit K. Ramachandra (edited). Pauñkarägama. The Adyar Library and Research Centre. Madras, India, 1995.</li> <li>Siddhantashastree, Rabindra Kumar. Vaisñavism Through the Ages. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1985.</li> <li>Sutton, Nicholas, <i>Religious Doctrines in the Mahabharata</i>, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi 2000.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/a-history-of-indian-philosophy-volume-3/d/doc209939.html">The <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Pañcarātra</i></span></i> Literature</a>, Surendranath Dasgupta, 1940</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/parama-samhita">The Parama Samhita (English translation)</a>: A Pancaratra Manual, translation by Krishnaswami Aiyangar, 1940</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pancaratra-agamas">Pancharatra Agamas</a> on <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&oldid=1267744168">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pancharatra&oldid=1267744168</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnavism" title="Category:Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: year">CS1 maint: year</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_div_col_with_small_parameter" title="Category:Pages using div col with small parameter">Pages using div col with small parameter</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 January 2025, at 13:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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