CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Wikipedia:Disambiguation - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"be3b5815-9f9c-4d06-9ca7-69e4038d23fe","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Project","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":4,"wgPageName":"Wikipedia:Disambiguation","wgTitle":"Disambiguation","wgCurRevisionId":1258423451,"wgRevisionId":1258423451, "wgArticleId":17054975,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Wikipedia:Disambiguation","wgRelevantArticleId":17054975,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr", "fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly", "tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":false,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q118521146","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["architecture","bitness","brands","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false, "mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.inputBox.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons.wikimedia":"ready","skins.minerva.mainMenu.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.messageBox.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.inputBox.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons.wikimedia%7Cskins.minerva.mainMenu.icons%7Cskins.minerva.messageBox.styles%7Cskins.minerva.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.3"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Wikipedia:Disambiguation - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-4 ns-subject page-Wikipedia_Disambiguation rootpage-Wikipedia_Disambiguation stable skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Random</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Nearby</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia%3ADisambiguation" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Log in</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Wikipedia%3ADisambiguation" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Settings</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donate</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikipedia</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Disambiguation</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Project page</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Disambiguation" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia%3ADisambiguation" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-viewsource" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Disambiguation&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--editLock"></span> <span>View source</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Process of resolving ambiguous article titles</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:DAB" redirects here. For the Manual of Style guideline, see <a href="/wiki/MOS:DAB" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DAB">MOS:DAB</a>. For the WikiProject, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPDAB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WPDAB">WP:WPDAB</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:D" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:D (disambiguation)">WP:D (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Blue tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page documents an English Wikipedia <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_editing_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia editing guidelines">editing guideline</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;">Editors should generally follow it, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">exceptions</a> may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PGCHANGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PGCHANGE">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation">this guideline's talk page</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:D"></span><span id="WP:DAB"></span><span id="WP:DISAMBIG"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:D&redirect=no">WP:D</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DAB&redirect=no">WP:DAB</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DISAMBIG&redirect=no">WP:DISAMBIG</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> Disambiguation helps readers quickly find a desired article in cases when a term could reasonably apply to more than one article.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232484023">.mw-parser-output .help-box{background:#f5faff;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title{background:#cee0f2;font-size:130%;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;margin-bottom:6px}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#cee0f2;padding:0.1em 0.7em 0.15em}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-content,.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding-top:0.15em}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .help-box{width:auto;max-width:22em}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box{background:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks help-box noprint hlist" style="clear:right;width:21.5em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia guidelines">Wikipedia guidelines</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies list</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_behavioral_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia behavioral guidelines">Behavioral</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background:#f5faff; background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Courtesy_vanishing" title="Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing">Courtesy vanishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing" title="Wikipedia:Disruptive editing">Disruptive editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Don't bite the newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_disrupt_Wikipedia_to_illustrate_a_point" title="Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point"><span class="wrap">Don't disrupt to make a point</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system" title="Wikipedia:Gaming the system">Gaming the system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Other_behavioral_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Other behavioral guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Friendly_space_policy" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:Friendly space policy">WMF friendly space policy</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e5eef8;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_discussion" title="Category:Wikipedia discussion">Discussions</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_content_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia content guidelines">Content</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Reliable sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content"><span class="wrap">Non-free content</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Offensive_material" title="Wikipedia:Offensive material">Offensive material</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Don't copy long texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_create_hoaxes" title="Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes">Don't create hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patent_nonsense" title="Wikipedia:Patent nonsense">Patent nonsense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Content_guide" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Other content guidelines</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_editing_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia editing guidelines">Editing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background:#f5faff; background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Editing" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Other editing guidelines</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e5eef8;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categorization" title="Category:Wikipedia categorization">Categorization</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Disambiguation</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_style_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia style guidelines">Style</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_deletion_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia deletion guidelines">Deletion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_process" title="Wikipedia:Deletion process">Deletion process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Speedy_keep" title="Wikipedia:Speedy keep">Speedy keep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_guidelines_for_administrators" title="Wikipedia:Deletion guidelines for administrators">Deletion guidelines for administrators</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_project_content_guidelines" title="Category:Wikipedia project content guidelines">Project content</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">User boxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Other_guideline_categories" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Other</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Naming_conventions" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Notability" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Notability</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Searching#Administrative_namespaces" title="Help:Searching">Search</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="20" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value='deepcat:"Wikipedia guidelines"' name="searchfilter"><br><input type="hidden" name="ns4" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns4-style-searchbox0.898712239035" checked><br><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search for a guideline" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guideline_list" title="Template:Guideline list"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guideline_list" title="Template talk:Guideline list"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guideline_list" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guideline list"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1232484023"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks help-box noprint plainlist" style="width:150px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Disambiguation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guideline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation">talk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Manual of Style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">talk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing long dabs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">talk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">talk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Long_dab_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Long dab dos and don'ts">Organizing dos and don'ts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Long_dab_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia talk:Long dab dos and don'ts">talk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Disambiguation" title="Help:Disambiguation">Reader help</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Disambiguation" title="Help talk:Disambiguation">talk</a>)</li></ul> <hr> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Disambiguation" class="mw-disambig" title="Template:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> <hr> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation">WikiProject</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Disambiguation">talk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation/CJKV_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/CJKV task force">CJKV task force</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Disambiguation/CJKV_task_force" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Disambiguation/CJKV task force">talk</a>)</li></ul> <hr> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_disambiguation" title="Category:Wikipedia disambiguation">Disambig category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Disambiguation_pages_in_need_of_cleanup" title="Category:Disambiguation pages in need of cleanup">Pages in need of cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_pages_with_links" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links">Pages with links</a></li></ul> <hr></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dabnav" title="Template:Dabnav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dabnav" title="Template talk:Dabnav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dabnav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dabnav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Disambiguation</b> in Wikipedia is the process of resolving conflicts that arise when a potential article title is <a href="/wiki/Ambiguity" title="Ambiguity">ambiguous</a>, most often because it refers to more than one subject covered by Wikipedia, either as the main topic of an article, or as a subtopic covered by an article in addition to the article's main topic. For example, <i><a href="/wiki/Mercury" class="mw-disambig" title="Mercury">Mercury</a></i> can refer to <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">a chemical element</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">planet</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)" title="Mercury (mythology)">Roman god</a>, and many other things. </p><p>There are three important aspects to disambiguation: </p> <ul><li>Naming articles in such a way that each has a unique title. For example, three of the articles dealing with topics ordinarily called "Mercury" are titled <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury (planet)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)" title="Mercury (mythology)">Mercury (mythology)</a>.</li> <li>Making the <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">links</a> for ambiguous terms point to the correct article title. For example, an editor of an astronomy article may have created a link to <a href="/wiki/Mercury" class="mw-disambig" title="Mercury">Mercury</a>, and this should be corrected to point to <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury (planet)</a>.</li> <li>Ensuring that a reader who searches for a topic using a particular term can get to the information on that topic quickly and easily, whichever of the possible topics it might be. For example, the page <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mercury (disambiguation)">Mercury</a> is a <em>disambiguation page</em>—a non-article page which lists various meanings of "Mercury" and which links to the articles that cover them. (As discussed below, however, ambiguous terms <em>do not always</em> require a disambiguation page.)</li></ul> <p>This page discusses the standard ways of handling the above issues. For detailed advice about the format of disambiguation pages, see the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">style manual</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Deciding_to_disambiguate"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Deciding to disambiguate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Broad-concept_articles"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Broad-concept articles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Is_there_a_primary_topic?"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Is there a primary topic?</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Determining_a_primary_topic"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Determining a primary topic</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Not_%22what_first_comes_to_(your)_mind%22"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Not "what first comes to (your) mind"</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Redirecting_to_a_primary_topic"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Redirecting to a primary topic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Primary_topic_when_a_disambiguation_page_lists_only_one_existing_article_by_that_name"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Primary topic when a disambiguation page lists only one existing article by that name</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Disambiguation page or hatnotes?</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#No_primary_topic"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">No primary topic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Primary_topic_with_only_one_other_topic"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Primary topic with only one other topic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Primary_topic_with_two_or_more_other_topics"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Primary topic with two or more other topics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Different_spelling_variants"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Different spelling variants</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Naming_the_specific_topic_articles"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Naming the specific topic articles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Format"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Format</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Hatnotes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Hatnotes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Usage_guidelines"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Usage guidelines</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Disambiguation_pages"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Disambiguation pages</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Combining_terms_on_disambiguation_pages"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Combining terms on disambiguation pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Naming_the_disambiguation_page"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Naming the disambiguation page</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Page_style"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Page style</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#What_not_to_include"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">What not to include</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Long_descriptions_and_multimedia"><span class="tocnumber">7.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Long descriptions and multimedia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Dictionary_definitions"><span class="tocnumber">7.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dictionary definitions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Partial_title_matches"><span class="tocnumber">7.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Partial title matches</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Lists_of_names"><span class="tocnumber">7.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Lists of names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Related_subjects"><span class="tocnumber">7.4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Related subjects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Abbreviations,_initials_and_acronyms"><span class="tocnumber">7.4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Abbreviations, initials and acronyms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7.4.7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7.4.8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Preparation"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Preparation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Construction"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">Construction</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Categories"><span class="tocnumber">7.7</span> <span class="toctext">Categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Deletion"><span class="tocnumber">7.8</span> <span class="toctext">Deletion</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Links</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Double_disambiguation"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Double disambiguation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Incomplete_disambiguation"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Incomplete disambiguation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#To_corresponding_disambiguation_pages_on_other_Wikipedias"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">To corresponding disambiguation pages on other Wikipedias</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Links_to_disambiguated_topics"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Links to disambiguated topics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Links_to_disambiguation_pages"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Links to disambiguation pages</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#When_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page"><span class="tocnumber">8.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">When to link to a disambiguation page</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="#How_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page"><span class="tocnumber">8.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">How to link to a disambiguation page</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="#Redirects_to_disambiguation_pages"><span class="tocnumber">8.5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Redirects to disambiguation pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-43"><a href="#Visualizing_links_to_disambiguation_pages"><span class="tocnumber">8.5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Visualizing links to disambiguation pages</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#External_links_2"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Deciding_to_disambiguate" data-mw-thread-id="h-Deciding_to_disambiguate"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Deciding_to_disambiguate"></span>Deciding to disambiguate<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Deciding_to_disambiguate"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:D2D"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:D2D&redirect=no">WP:D2D</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Disambiguation is required whenever, for a given word or phrase on which a reader might search, there is more than one existing English Wikipedia article to which that word or phrase might be expected to lead. In this situation there must be a way for the reader to navigate quickly from the page that first appears to any of the other possible desired articles. </p><p>There are three principal disambiguation scenarios, of which the following are examples: </p> <ul><li>The page at <i><a href="/wiki/Joker" class="mw-disambig" title="Joker">Joker</a></i> is a <em>disambiguation page</em>, leading to all the alternative uses of <i>Joker</i>.</li> <li>The page at <i><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a></i> is about one usage, called the <em>primary topic</em>, and there is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">hatnote</a> guiding readers to <a href="/wiki/Rice_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rice (disambiguation)">Rice (disambiguation)</a> to find the other uses.</li> <li>The page at <i><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dobbs" title="Michael Dobbs">Michael Dobbs</a></i> is about the primary topic, and there is only one other use. The other use is linked directly using a hatnote; no disambiguation page is needed.</li></ul> <p>For how to decide which of these scenarios is appropriate in a given case, consider the following sections. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Broad-concept_articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Broad-concept_articles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Broad-concept_articles"></span>Broad-concept articles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Broad-concept_articles"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Broad-concept_article" title="Wikipedia:Broad-concept article">Wikipedia:Broad-concept article</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Disambiguation_pages_to_be_converted_to_broad_concept_articles" title="Category:Disambiguation pages to be converted to broad concept articles">Category:Disambiguation pages to be converted to broad concept articles</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CONCEPTDAB"></span><span id="WP:DABCONCEPT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CONCEPTDAB&redirect=no">WP:CONCEPTDAB</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABCONCEPT&redirect=no">WP:DABCONCEPT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>If the <em>primary meaning</em> of a term proposed for disambiguation is a broad concept or type of thing that is <em>capable of being described in an article</em>, and a substantial portion of the links asserted to be ambiguous are instances or examples of that concept or type, then the page located at that title should be an article describing it and not a disambiguation page. Where the primary topic of a term is a general topic that can be divided into subtopics, such as chronologically (e.g., <a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">History of France</a>) or geographically (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_British_Isles" title="Rugby union in the British Isles">Rugby union in the British Isles</a>), the unqualified title should contain an article about the general topic rather than a disambiguation page. A disambiguation page should <em>not</em> be created just because it is difficult to write an article on a topic that is broad, vague, abstract, or highly conceptual. Where there are additional meanings that are not instances or examples of a <i>Foo</i> primary concept or type, those should be included on a <i>Foo (disambiguation)</i> page. </p><p>For example: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Particle" title="Particle">Particle</a> (previously a disambiguation page) is a broad and abstract concept used to address many different ideas in physics, generally relating to small units from which larger things are composed. Although there are many different kinds of particles at levels ranging from the subatomic to the macroscopic, the broad concept is properly susceptible to explanation in an article. Truly unrelated meanings, such as <a href="/wiki/Particle_(band)" title="Particle (band)">Particle (band)</a>, are presented only at <a href="/wiki/Particle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Particle (disambiguation)">Particle (disambiguation)</a>.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Supreme court</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_trust" title="National trust">National trust</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Finance_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance minister">Finance minister</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance">Ministry of Finance</a>) is each a kind of entity occurring in multiple countries and possibly in other political entities and serving the same purpose in each. Rather than having disambiguation pages at these titles linking to existing articles on these entities by nation, each should contain an article describing in general terms what the concept is and how the different examples of this concept relate to each other.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Lumia" title="Microsoft Lumia">Microsoft Lumia</a> is a cell phone with many different design models. The fact that different models in the same series of product by the same manufacturer may have the same name, or the same combination of name and number, does not make them ambiguous. The relationship between these design models can and should be discussed on a page describing products created by or licensed by the same manufacturer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a> are geographic designations that have been used with respect to different specific boundaries over time. Varying uses for broad geographic terms can be discussed in the context of an article describing the overall agreement of which areas definitely fall within that designation and which areas are only occasionally described as falling within that designation, for certain purposes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football</a> may refer to one of a number of team sports which all involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot. Although the word "football" can apply to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears, all of these variations share some common elements and can be traced to a common origin. Thus, the history and development of the general concept of football can be explained in its own article. <a href="/wiki/Football_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Football (disambiguation)">Football (disambiguation)</a> describes the various literal uses of the word including the actual balls.</li> <li>Many definitions of <a href="/wiki/Triangle_center" title="Triangle center">triangle center</a> are used in Euclidean geometry, which coincide only in the special case of equilateral triangles. The article lists a dozen of these and also gives a validity criterion applicable to various definitions of <i>center</i>.</li></ul> <p>In writing articles on these subjects, it is useful to directly address the scope of the term and the history of how the concept has developed. Each of the examples of the concept or type of thing should be included at some point in the article, possibly in a list, so that no information is lost from what would have been presented in the disambiguation page format. Consider using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summary style</a> to incorporate information about the subtopics into the main article. </p><p>Pages needing to be expanded to describe the concept may be tagged with <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Broad-concept_article" title="Template:Broad-concept article">Broad-concept article</a>}}</code>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Is_there_a_primary_topic?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"><span id="Is_there_a_primary_topic.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"></span><span class="anchor" id="Primary_topic"></span>Is there a primary topic?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:PRIMARYTOPIC" redirects here. For the Manual of Style guideline, see <a href="/wiki/MOS:PRIMARYTOPIC" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PRIMARYTOPIC">MOS:PRIMARYTOPIC</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="#Incomplete_disambiguation">§ Incomplete disambiguation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This guideline section should be read in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">article titles disambiguation policy</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PRIMARYTOPIC"></span><span id="WP:PRITOP"></span><span id="WP:PTOPIC"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PRIMARYTOPIC&redirect=no">WP:PRIMARYTOPIC</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PRITOP&redirect=no">WP:PRITOP</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PTOPIC&redirect=no">WP:PTOPIC</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Although a word, name, or phrase may refer to more than one topic, sometimes one of these topics can be identified as the term's <strong>primary topic</strong>. This is the topic to which the term should lead, serving as the title of (or a redirect to) the relevant article. If no primary topic exists, then the term should be the title of a disambiguation page (or should redirect to a disambiguation page on which more than one term is disambiguated). The primary topic might be a <a href="#Broad-concept_articles">broad-concept article</a>, as mentioned above. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PT1"></span><span id="WP:PT2"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PT1&redirect=no">WP:PT1</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PT2&redirect=no">WP:PT2</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>While Wikipedia has no single criterion for defining a primary topic, two major aspects that editors commonly consider are these: </p> <ol><li>A topic is <strong>primary</strong> for a term with respect to <em>usage</em> if it is highly likely—much more likely than any other single topic, and more likely than all the other topics combined—to be the topic sought when a reader searches for that term.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="LTS"></span> A topic is <strong>primary</strong> for a term with respect to <em>long-term significance</em> if it has substantially greater enduring notability and educational value than any other topic associated with that term.</li></ol> <p>In most cases, the topic that is primary with respect to usage is also primary with respect to long-term significance; in many other cases, only one sense of primacy is relevant. </p><p>In a few cases, there is some conflict between a topic of <em>primary usage</em> (<a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>) and one of <em>primary long-term significance</em> (<a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apple</a>). In such a case, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> may be useful in determining which topic, if any, is the primary topic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Determining_a_primary_topic" data-mw-thread-id="h-Determining_a_primary_topic-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Determining_a_primary_topic-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"></span>Determining a primary topic<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Determining_a_primary_topic-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DETERMINEPRIMARY"></span><span id="WP:DPT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DETERMINEPRIMARY&redirect=no">WP:DETERMINEPRIMARY</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DPT&redirect=no">WP:DPT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>There are no absolute rules for determining whether a primary topic exists and what it is; decisions are made by discussion among editors, often as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">requested move</a>. Tools that <em>may</em> help to support the determination of a primary topic in a discussion (but are not considered absolute determining factors, due to unreliability, potential bias, and other reasons) include: </p> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikinav.toolforge.org/?language=en&title=BLM">WikiNav</a>, which shows a graph of incoming and outgoing traffic from a given page, as well as other graphs. It can be used to compare incoming and outgoing traffic patterns, but doesn't show the long tail of traffic well because it anonymizes data that is more scarce. The top graph shows only a single month of historical traffic, so it's fair to consider it over a longer period of time before suggesting changes.</li> <li>Wikipedia <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/pageviews">article traffic statistics</a> (for the exact title of a page or a redirect) and <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/redirectviews">redirect traffic statistics</a> (for the total views of a page including traffic coming from its redirects).</li> <li>Usage in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">English reliable sources</a> demonstrated with Google <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams">Ngram viewer</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/">Books</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/">Scholar</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/">News</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trends.google.com/trends/">Trends</a>. Simple web searches may be problematic due to limited sources, open interpretation, and <a href="/wiki/Google_Personalized_Search" title="Google Personalized Search">personal search</a> bias, but may be helpful if other methods are inconclusive.</li> <li>Incoming wikilinks from <a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere" title="Special:WhatLinksHere">Special:WhatLinksHere</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here#Number_of_links" title="Help:What links here">their count</a>).</li></ul> <p>Some general principles for determining a primary topic include: </p> <ul><li>While long-term significance is a factor, historical age is not determinative.</li> <li>Being the original source of the name is also not determinative. <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a> is the primary topic for <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">the English town from which it took its name</a>.</li> <li>A topic may have principal relevance for a specific group of people (for example, as the name of a local place, or software), but not be the primary meaning among a general audience. An attorney may read the word <i><a href="/wiki/Hearing" title="Hearing">hearing</a></i> and immediately think <a href="/wiki/Hearing_(law)" title="Hearing (law)">of a courtroom</a>, but the auditory sense is still the primary topic.</li> <li>A rule of thumb is that it's unlikely that there is a primary topic by usage if the top WikiNav graph shows a spread of multiple significant usages, or if there is so little traffic that few or no graphs are shown. Conversely, a rule of thumb is that it's likely there is a primary topic by usage if the top graph shows a single significant usage that maps to almost all of the incoming traffic and overwhelms all other usages.</li> <li>Initialisms and acronyms are often so ambiguous that it's less likely a primary topic can be determined in those cases.</li> <li>Non-encyclopedic uses of a term are irrelevant for primary topic purposes; for example, <a href="/wiki/Twice" title="Twice">Twice</a> is about a Korean pop band, despite the existence of the common English word "twice", as the latter is not a topic suitable for an encyclopedic article.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id='Not_"what_first_comes_to_(your)_mind"' data-mw-thread-id='h-Not_"what_first_comes_to_(your)_mind"-Determining_a_primary_topic'><span id="Not_.22what_first_comes_to_.28your.29_mind.22"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id='h-Not_"what_first_comes_to_(your)_mind"-Determining_a_primary_topic'></span>Not "what first comes to (your) mind"<span data-mw-comment-end='h-Not_"what_first_comes_to_(your)_mind"-Determining_a_primary_topic'></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NWFCTM"></span><span id="WP:BUTIKNOWABOUTIT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NWFCTM&redirect=no">WP:NWFCTM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BUTIKNOWABOUTIT&redirect=no">WP:BUTIKNOWABOUTIT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Perhaps the most commonly rejected criterion is that the primary topic should only belong to what "first comes to mind". This argument is inevitably tainted by factors such as one's location, ideology, ethnicity, and other personal biases, but we are trying to build an encyclopedia that is untainted by systemic bias. Therefore, the primary topic is determined without regard to certain attributes, such as national origin, of the articles in question. </p><p>Because many topics on Wikipedia are more interesting or pertinent to particular groups, one potential criterion to commonly avoid is what "first comes to mind". An American might first think of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">the city in Alabama</a> when <i>Birmingham</i> is mentioned, but primary topic belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">city in England</a>, which is far more notable and whose article is read much more often. <i>Raleigh</i> takes you directly to <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">the American city</a>, even though a British reader may not even know of the city and only think of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">the explorer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Bicycle_Company" title="Raleigh Bicycle Company">bicycle manufacturer</a> when Raleigh is mentioned. What first comes to your mind when you hear the word <i>Java</i>? It may be <a href="/wiki/Java_(coffee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (coffee)">coffee</a> or <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">a programming language</a>, but the primary topic belongs to <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">the island</a> with over 150 million people living on it. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:TITLEPTM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TITLEPTM&redirect=no">WP:TITLEPTM</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PTM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PTM">Partial title matches</a> should also be considered. Consider what users searching with the term in question are most likely to be seeking. For instance, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> is a partial title match for "York" and is far more notable and likely to be sought (more page views) than is <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">the British city</a> from which it got its name, and the vast majority of the time that "York" is used in books, it is used as part of the phrase "New York".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since users are unlikely to search for <a href="/wiki/New_York" class="mw-disambig" title="New York">New York</a> with the search term "York", which is supported by the rare use of unqualified "York" to refer to "New York" in reliable sources, <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> still hosts an article on the British city, and no suggestion to change that would be seriously entertained. Likewise, "Sofia" has been the first name of countless girls and women throughout history; however, as a single term it most commonly refers to <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">the Bulgarian capital</a>, and anyone searching with plain "Sofia" is most likely looking for that city.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To be clear, it is not our <i>goal</i> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Principle_of_least_astonishment" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">astonish our readers</a>, and the topic that comes first to mind indeed often is suitable as the primary topic. <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway" title="Anne Hathaway">Anne Hathaway</a>, as one of countless examples, takes the reader to the modern-day American movie star's page, not to the article on <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway_(wife_of_Shakespeare)" title="Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)">the wife of William Shakespeare</a>. But in no case do "what comes first to mind" or "what is astonishing" have much bearing, either positive or negative, on which topic, if any, actually is the primary topic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redirecting_to_a_primary_topic" data-mw-thread-id="h-Redirecting_to_a_primary_topic-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Redirecting_to_a_primary_topic-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"></span>Redirecting to a primary topic<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Redirecting_to_a_primary_topic-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PRIMARYREDIRECT&redirect=no">WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="PRIMARYREDIRECT"></span> The title of the primary topic article may be different from the ambiguous term. This may happen when the topic is primary for more than one term, when the article covers a wider topical scope, or when it is titled differently according to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">naming conventions</a>. When this is the case, the term should <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a> to the article (or a section of it). The fact that an article has a different title is not a factor in determining whether a topic is primary. For example: </p> <ul><li>The city which is the subject of the article on <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> used to be called Danzig in English, but is now usually referred to as Gdańsk. Thus the primary topic for "Danzig" is this city; <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a> redirects to <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, and the latter page contains a <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Redirect" title="Template:Redirect">redirect</a>}}</code> hatnote linking to <a href="/wiki/Danzig_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Danzig (disambiguation)">Danzig (disambiguation)</a>.</li> <li>The primary topic for "ovens" is the cooker but because of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(plurals)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (plurals)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (plurals)</a> the article is titled <a href="/wiki/Oven" title="Oven">Oven</a>. Here <a href="/wiki/Ovens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovens">Ovens</a> redirects to <a href="/wiki/Oven" title="Oven">Oven</a>, and a hatnote then links to <a href="/wiki/Ovens_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ovens (disambiguation)">Ovens (disambiguation)</a>.</li> <li>The primary topic for the search term "Einstein" is the physicist, but the article title is <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>. Here <a href="/wiki/Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein">Einstein</a> redirects to <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, and a hatnote then links to <a href="/wiki/Einstein_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Einstein (disambiguation)">Einstein (disambiguation)</a>.</li> <li>The article at <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a> is the primary topic for five terms: "<a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Slander" class="mw-redirect" title="Slander">slander</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Vilification" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilification">vilification</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Calumny" class="mw-redirect" title="Calumny">calumny</a>". Even though <a href="/wiki/Libel_(film)" title="Libel (film)">there is a film with the title <i>Libel</i></a>, the article at <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a> is still the primary topic for that title and the film must be disambiguated.</li></ul> <p>There are times when a disambiguated article title, such as <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(punctuation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostrophe (punctuation)">Apostrophe (punctuation)</a>, may be moved to its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Base_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Base name">base name</a> (unqualified title) based on a consensus that this is the primary topic for the unqualified term. When such a page move is made, the redirect template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R_from_unnecessary_disambiguation" title="Template:R from unnecessary disambiguation">R from unnecessary disambiguation</a>}}</code> should be used to categorize the redirect that results from the move under <a href="/wiki/Category:Redirects_from_unnecessary_disambiguation" title="Category:Redirects from unnecessary disambiguation">Category:Redirects from unnecessary disambiguation</a>. Using the above example, <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(punctuation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostrophe (punctuation)">Apostrophe (punctuation)</a> would redirect as follows (where <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">Apostrophe</a>'s topic is primary): </p> <pre>#REDIRECT [[Apostrophe]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from unnecessary disambiguation}} {{R unprintworthy}} }} </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_topic_when_a_disambiguation_page_lists_only_one_existing_article_by_that_name" data-mw-thread-id="h-Primary_topic_when_a_disambiguation_page_lists_only_one_existing_article_by_that-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Primary_topic_when_a_disambiguation_page_lists_only_one_existing_article_by_that-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"></span>Primary topic when a disambiguation page lists only one existing article by that name<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Primary_topic_when_a_disambiguation_page_lists_only_one_existing_article_by_that-Is_there_a_primary_topic?"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PRIMARYRED"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PRIMARYRED&redirect=no">WP:PRIMARYRED</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>When a disambiguation page lists only one existing article by that name (all other suggested articles are red-linked), the normal rules for primary topic still apply. The existing article is not automatically the primary topic nor is there automatically no primary topic. So: </p> <ul><li>If the article with the blue link is the primary topic, it should be the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_landing_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary landing page">primary landing page</a> (possibly via a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PRIMARYREDIRECT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PRIMARYREDIRECT">WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT</a>). The disambiguation page should be at a page with the <i>(disambiguation)</i> qualifier.</li> <li>If there is no primary topic, then the disambiguation page should be the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_landing_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary landing page">primary landing page</a>.</li> <li>On the rare occasions that a red-linked article would be the primary topic, the situation is treated as if there is no primary topic until the red-linked article is written.</li></ul> <p>Please note, <a href="/wiki/MOS:DABMENTION" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DABMENTION">MOS:DABMENTION</a> still applies: any red-linked entry should still have a blue link to an article that covers the redlinked topic. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"><span id="Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span>Disambiguation page or hatnotes? <span class="anchor" id="Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:2DABS"></span><span id="WP:TWODABS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:2DABS&redirect=no">WP:2DABS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TWODABS&redirect=no">WP:TWODABS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#When_a_spelling_variant_indicates_a_distinct_topic" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles § When a spelling variant indicates a distinct topic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnotes_are_cheap" title="Wikipedia:Hatnotes are cheap">Wikipedia:Hatnotes are cheap</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_topics_in_WP:TWODABS_situations" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary topics in WP:TWODABS situations">Wikipedia:Primary topics in WP:TWODABS situations</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For more about hatnotes, see <a href="#Hatnotes">§ Hatnotes</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For rules about naming disambiguation pages and combining similar terms on a single page, see <a href="#Disambiguation_pages">§ Disambiguation pages</a>.</div> <p>As discussed above, if an ambiguous term has no primary topic, then that term needs to lead to a disambiguation page. In other words, where no topic is primary, the disambiguation page is placed at the base name. </p><p>If a disambiguation page is needed, but one of the other topics is of particular interest, then it may be appropriate to link to it explicitly <em>as well</em> as linking to the disambiguation page. For example, <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">Inflation</a> is about the primary topic—a rise in prices—and a hatnote links to both <a href="/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation (cosmology)">Inflation (cosmology)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inflation_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Inflation (disambiguation)">Inflation (disambiguation)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="No_primary_topic" data-mw-thread-id="h-No_primary_topic-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-No_primary_topic-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span>No primary topic<span data-mw-comment-end="h-No_primary_topic-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NOPRIMARY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NOPRIMARY&redirect=no">WP:NOPRIMARY</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>If there are multiple topics (even just two) to which a given title might refer, but there is no primary topic (per the criteria at <a href="#Is_there_a_primary_topic?">§ Is there a primary topic?</a>), then the base name should lead the reader to the disambiguation page for the term. For example, <a href="/wiki/John_Quested" class="mw-disambig" title="John Quested">John Quested</a> is a disambiguation page for the two people by that name who can be found in the encyclopedia: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent"><b>John Quested</b> may refer to: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Quested_(RAF_officer)" title="John Quested (RAF officer)">John Quested (RAF officer)</a> (1893–1948), English World War I flying ace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quested_(producer)" title="John Quested (producer)">John Quested (producer)</a> (born 1935), film producer and owner and chairman of Goldcrest Films</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_topic_with_only_one_other_topic" data-mw-thread-id="h-Primary_topic_with_only_one_other_topic-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Primary_topic_with_only_one_other_topic-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span>Primary topic with only one other topic<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Primary_topic_with_only_one_other_topic-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:ONEOTHER"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ONEOTHER&redirect=no">WP:ONEOTHER</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><em>If there is a primary topic</em> located at the base name, then the question arises whether to create a disambiguation page, or merely to link to all the other meanings from a hatnote on the primary topic article. </p><p>If there are only two topics to which a given title might refer, and one is the primary topic, then a disambiguation page is not needed—it is sufficient to use a hatnote on the primary topic article, pointing to the other article. (This means that readers looking for the second topic are spared the extra navigational step of going through the disambiguation page.) </p><p>If an existing disambiguation page does not appear to be needed because there are only two topics for the ambiguous title and one of them is the primary topic, but there could reasonably be other topics ambiguous with the title on Wikipedia now or in the future, an <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:About" title="Template:About">about</a>}}</code> hatnote can be used to link to a disambiguation page (either in addition to or instead of a link directly to the other article). At the same time, the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:One_other_topic" title="Template:One other topic">One other topic</a>}}</code> template should be added to the top of the disambiguation page, which will inform users that the page has only two ambiguous terms, one of them primary; thus it may be deleted if, after a period of time no additional ambiguous topics are found to expand the disambiguation page. The <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:One_other_topic" title="Template:One other topic">One other topic</a>}}</code> template will also list the article in <a href="/wiki/Category:Disambiguation_pages_containing_one_non-primary_topic" title="Category:Disambiguation pages containing one non-primary topic">Category:Disambiguation pages containing one non-primary topic</a>, allowing other editors to locate these pages and help in expanding them. If the two-dab page has been expanded to include additional ambiguous topics, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:One_other_topic" title="Template:One other topic">One other topic</a>}}</code> template should be removed and a direct link in the primary article to the other article may not be needed anymore as a link to the disambiguation page alone may be sufficient. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_topic_with_two_or_more_other_topics" data-mw-thread-id="h-Primary_topic_with_two_or_more_other_topics-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Primary_topic_with_two_or_more_other_topics-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span>Primary topic with two or more other topics<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Primary_topic_with_two_or_more_other_topics-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:TWOOTHER"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TWOOTHER&redirect=no">WP:TWOOTHER</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>If there are two or three other topics, it is still possible to use a hatnote which lists the other topics explicitly, but if this would require too much text (roughly, if the hatnote would extend well over one line on a standard page), then it is better to create a disambiguation page and refer only to that. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Different_spelling_variants" data-mw-thread-id="h-Different_spelling_variants-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Different_spelling_variants-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span>Different spelling variants<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Different_spelling_variants-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?"></span></h3></div> <p>If the titles of two articles differ only in capitalization, pluralization, spacing, or punctuation (as per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DIFFCAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DIFFCAPS">WP:DIFFCAPS</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PLURALPT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PLURALPT">WP:PLURALPT</a>), the articles each should contain a hatnote to link to each other: for example, <a href="/wiki/Ice_cube" title="Ice cube">Ice cube</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ice_Cube" title="Ice Cube">Ice Cube</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Naming_the_specific_topic_articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Naming_the_specific_topic_articles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Naming_the_specific_topic_articles"></span>Naming the specific topic articles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Naming_the_specific_topic_articles"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1232484023"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks help-box noprint hlist" style="font-size:85%;width:23.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><span style="font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> All naming conventions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_naming_conventions" title="Category:Wikipedia naming conventions">Category:Wikipedia naming conventions</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Nature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(fauna)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (fauna)">Fauna (animals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(flora)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (flora)">Flora (plants)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Arts</li> <li>Entertainment</li> <li>Media</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(books)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (books)">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(broadcasting)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (broadcasting)">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(comics)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (comics)">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(films)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (films)">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(manuscripts)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (manuscripts)">Manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(music)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (music)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(operas)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (operas)">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(television)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (television)">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(video_games)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (video games)">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts#Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(people)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (people)">People</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(clergy)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (clergy)">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(ethnicities_and_tribes)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ethnicities and tribes)">Ethnicities and tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(royalty_and_nobility)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (royalty and nobility)">Royalty and nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(sportspeople)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (sportspeople)">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(baseball_players)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (baseball players)">Baseball players</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Science</li> <li>Technology</li> <li>Transport</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(astronomical_objects)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (astronomical objects)">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (chemistry)">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles#Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(languages)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (languages)">Programming languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(aircraft)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (aircraft)">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(ships)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ships)">Ships</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Government</li> <li>Politics</li> <li>Law</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(government_and_legislation)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (government and legislation)">Government and legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(political_parties)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (political parties)">Political parties</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(companies)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (companies)">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Latter Day Saints)">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(sports_teams)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (sports teams)">Sports teams</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Numbers</li> <li>Dates</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(numbers_and_dates)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (numbers and dates)">Numbers and dates</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Places</li> <li>Events</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(events)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (events)">Events</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Lists</li> <li>Categories</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Category_names" title="Wikipedia:Category names">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists#Naming_conventions" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(long_lists)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (long lists)">Long lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Naming_conventions" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming conventions">Stub sorting</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Language/country-specific</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(writing_systems)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (writing systems)">Writing systems</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(languages)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (languages)">All languages</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(country-specific_topics)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (country-specific topics)">All countries</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(ancient_Romans)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ancient Romans)">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Armenian)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Armenian)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(places_in_Bangladesh)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places in Bangladesh)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Burmese)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Burmese)">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Chinese)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Chinese)">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Germany/Conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Germany/Conventions">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Greek)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Greek)">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Hebrew)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Hebrew)">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Indic)">Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(Ireland-related_articles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (Ireland-related articles)">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Korean)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Korean)">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Mongolian)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Mongolian)">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(New_Zealand)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Norse_mythology)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Norse mythology)">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanization_of_Russian" title="Wikipedia:Romanization of Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Tibetan)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Tibetan)">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanization_of_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Romanization of Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Formatting</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(capitalization)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization)">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(use_English)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)">Use English</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(definite_or_indefinite_article_at_beginning_of_name)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (definite or indefinite article at beginning of name)">Definite or indefinite article at beginning of name</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(plurals)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (plurals)">Plurals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations#Acronyms_in_page_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Acronyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">Technical restrictions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Naming_conventions" title="Template:Naming conventions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Naming_conventions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Naming conventions (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Naming_conventions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Naming conventions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NCDAB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NCDAB&redirect=no">WP:NCDAB</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles § Disambiguation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirects_for_discussion/Common_outcomes#%22No_consensus%22_retargets_and_disambiguations" title="Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Common outcomes">Disambiguation in cases of redirects with no consensus</a>.</div> <p>For disambiguating specific topic pages by using an unambiguous article title, several options are available: </p> <ol><li><b>Natural disambiguation</b>. When there is another term (such as <a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">Apartment</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Flat" class="mw-disambig" title="Flat">Flat</a>) or more complete name (such as <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/English" class="mw-disambig" title="English">English</a>) that is unambiguous, commonly used in English (even without being the most common term), and equally clear, that term is typically the best to use.</li> <li><b>Comma-separated disambiguation</b>. Ambiguous geographic names are often disambiguated by adding the name of a higher-level administrative division, separated by a comma, as in <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor, Berkshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Naming conventions (geographic names)</a>.</li> <li><b>Parenthetical disambiguation</b>. A disambiguating word or phrase can be added in parentheses. The word or phrase in parentheses should be: <ul><li>the generic <em>class</em> (avoiding <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper nouns</a>, as much as possible) that includes the topic, as in <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Seal (emblem)</a>; or</li> <li>the <em>subject</em> or <em>context</em> to which the topic applies, as in <a href="/wiki/Union_(set_theory)" title="Union (set theory)">Union (set theory)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eagle_River_(Colorado)" title="Eagle River (Colorado)">Eagle River (Colorado)</a>; or</li> <li>rarely, an adjective describing the topic can be used, as in <a href="/wiki/Vector_(spatial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (spatial)">Vector (spatial)</a>, but it is usually better to rephrase such a title to avoid parentheses (for instance, <a href="/wiki/Vector_(spatial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (spatial)">Vector (spatial)</a> was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_vector" title="Euclidean vector">Euclidean vector</a>).</li></ul></li></ol> <p>Natural disambiguation that is <b>unambiguous</b>, <b>commonly used</b>, and <b>clear</b> is generally preferable to parenthetical disambiguation; for instance, <a href="/wiki/Fan_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan district">Fan district</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">hand fan</a> are used instead of <a href="/wiki/Fan_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan (district)">Fan (district)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fan_(implement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan (implement)">fan (implement)</a>. If no unambiguous, commonly used, and clear natural disambiguation is available, another type of disambiguation is used. If there are several possible choices for parenthetical disambiguation, use the same disambiguating phrase already commonly used for other topics within the same class and context, if any. Otherwise, choose whichever is simpler. For example, use "(mythology)" rather than "(mythological figure)". </p><p>Naming conventions applicable to certain subject areas are listed in the box to the right; these often contain detailed guidance about how to disambiguate. In particular, for articles about people, see the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(people)#Disambiguating" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (people)">Disambiguating</a> section in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NCP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NCP">people naming convention</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Format" data-mw-thread-id="h-Format-Naming_the_specific_topic_articles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Format-Naming_the_specific_topic_articles"></span>Format<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Format-Naming_the_specific_topic_articles"></span></h3></div> <p>To conform to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions">naming conventions</a>, the phrase in parentheses should be treated just as any other word in a title: normally lowercase, unless it is a proper noun (like a book title) that would appear capitalized even in running text. </p><p>For common disambiguation words, see <a href="/wiki/User:Jarry1250/Findings" title="User:Jarry1250/Findings">User:Jarry1250/Findings</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Hatnotes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Hatnotes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Hatnotes"></span><span class="anchor" id="Disambiguation_links"></span> Hatnotes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Hatnotes"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABLINK"></span><span id="WP:DABLINKS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABLINK&redirect=no">WP:DABLINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABLINKS&redirect=no">WP:DABLINKS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Wikipedia:Hatnote</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:DABLINK" redirects here. For links to disambiguation pages, see <a href="#Links_to_disambiguation_pages">§ Links to disambiguation pages</a>.</div> <p>Users searching for what turns out to be an ambiguous term may not reach the article they expected. Therefore, any article with an ambiguous title should contain helpful links to alternative Wikipedia articles or disambiguation pages, placed at the top of the article using one or more of the templates shown below. </p><p>Disambiguation hatnotes are not article content –they are associated with the title, rather than any article topic content. </p><p>In some cases there are multiple templates available, one including and another omitting information about the topic of the article. The shorter hatnote may be chosen if omitting the information is not likely to confuse the reader. </p><p><b>On a primary topic page for a term that has one secondary topic only (no disambiguation page):</b> </p> <ul><li>Type <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:About" title="Template:About">about</a>|TOPIC|TOPIC 2|ARTICLE (2)}}</code> to produce:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This page is about TOPIC. For TOPIC 2, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARTICLE_(2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARTICLE (2) (page does not exist)">ARTICLE (2)</a>.</div></li> <li>Type <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:For" title="Template:For">for</a>|TOPIC 2|ARTICLE (2)}}</code> to produce:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For TOPIC 2, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARTICLE_(2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARTICLE (2) (page does not exist)">ARTICLE (2)</a>.</div></li></ul> <p><b>On a secondary topic page for a term that has one other topic only (no disambiguation page):</b> </p> <ul><li>As above, but consider whether the hatnote is really necessary (see the first of the <a href="#Usage_guidelines">usage guidelines</a> below).</li></ul> <p><b>On a primary topic page that has an associated disambiguation page:</b> </p> <ul><li>Type <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:About" title="Template:About">about</a>|TOPIC}}</code> to produce:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This page is about TOPIC. For other uses, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARTICLE_NAME_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARTICLE NAME (disambiguation) (page does not exist)">ARTICLE NAME (disambiguation)</a>.</div></li> <li>Type <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Other_uses" title="Template:Other uses">other uses</a>}}</code> to produce:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARTICLE_NAME_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARTICLE NAME (disambiguation) (page does not exist)">ARTICLE NAME (disambiguation)</a>.</div></li> <li>or, if the disambiguation page is not in the default location, type <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Other_uses" title="Template:Other uses">other uses</a>|NAME}}</code> to produce:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NAME" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="NAME">NAME</a>.</div></li></ul> <p><b>When the primary topic redirects to another page:</b> </p> <ul><li>If there is only one secondary topic, type <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Redirect" title="Template:Redirect">redirect</a>|REDIRECT|TOPIC 2|ARTICLE (2)}}</code> on the target page to produce:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"REDIRECT" redirects here. For TOPIC 2, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARTICLE_(2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARTICLE (2) (page does not exist)">ARTICLE (2)</a>.</div></li> <li>If there is a disambiguation page, type <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Redirect" title="Template:Redirect">redirect</a>|REDIRECT}}</code> to produce:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"REDIRECT" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=REDIRECT_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="REDIRECT (disambiguation) (page does not exist)">REDIRECT (disambiguation)</a>.</div></li></ul> <p>Other variations on these templates are available, including templates for specific subjects such as places, numbers, etc. Templates are listed and illustrated at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnotes#Templates" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Hatnotes">Wikipedia:Hatnotes#Templates</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage_guidelines" data-mw-thread-id="h-Usage_guidelines-Hatnotes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Usage_guidelines-Hatnotes"></span>Usage guidelines<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Usage_guidelines-Hatnotes"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABLINKUG"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABLINKUG&redirect=no">WP:DABLINKUG</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li>It is usually preferable not to add disambiguation hatnotes to a page whose name already clearly distinguishes itself from the generic term. However, for some topics this is a good idea. For example, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1796)" title="Treaty of Paris (1796)">Treaty of Paris (1796)</a> should include a hatnote pointing to the disambiguation page <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Treaty of Paris (disambiguation)">Treaty of Paris (disambiguation)</a>, since many users might not know that there is more than one treaty with this name, and we cannot predict what external search engines will link to. In other cases, such a hatnote is not necessary. For example, <a href="/wiki/Mirror_(1975_film)" title="Mirror (1975 film)">Mirror (1975 film)</a> is clearly about one specific movie and not about any of the many other meanings of "Mirror", and most users will know to type Mirror in the search box to find other topics.</li> <li>As noted above, disambiguation hatnotes should be placed at the top of an article, where they are most visible. For alternatives that are related to the article but are not a source of ambiguity, the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:See_also" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:See also">"See also" section</a> at the end of the article is more appropriate.</li> <li>Do not use <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link" title="Wikipedia:Piped link">piping</a> to change the title of disambiguation entry links. Showing the actual linked entry title avoids confusion. (Piping may be used for formatting or technical reasons; see the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(disambiguation_pages)#Where_piping_may_be_appropriate" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages)">Manual of Style exceptions</a>.)</li> <li>Consolidate multiple disambiguation links into as few disambiguation hatnotes as possible.</li> <li>See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Wikipedia:Hatnote</a> for other guidelines on the proper use of disambiguation hatnotes.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Disambiguation_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Disambiguation_pages"></span>Disambiguation pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Disambiguation_pages"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>About 5% of Wikipedia's 6,913,829 articles are disambiguation pages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combining_terms_on_disambiguation_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Combining_terms_on_disambiguation_pages-Disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Combining_terms_on_disambiguation_pages-Disambiguation_pages"></span>Combining terms on disambiguation pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Combining_terms_on_disambiguation_pages-Disambiguation_pages"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABCOMBINE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABCOMBINE&redirect=no">WP:DABCOMBINE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>A single disambiguation page may be used to disambiguate a number of similar terms. Sets of terms which are commonly so combined include: </p> <ul><li>Terms that differ only in capitalization, punctuation and diacritic marks. These should almost always share a disambiguation page. For example, the terms <i>Oe</i>, <i>Ōe</i>, <i>OE</i> and <i>O.E.</i> are disambiguated on a single page (<a href="/wiki/Oe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Oe (disambiguation)">Oe</a>).</li> <li>Corresponding singular, plural and possessive forms, or compound words. For example, the terms <i>Eaglenest</i>, <i>Eagle Nest</i>, <i>Eagle's Nest</i> and <i>Eagle Nests</i> all appear at <a href="/wiki/Eagle%27s_Nest_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Eagle's Nest (disambiguation)">Eagle's Nest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flowers_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Flowers (disambiguation)">Flowers (disambiguation)</a> redirects to <a href="/wiki/Flower_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Flower (disambiguation)">Flower (disambiguation)</a>.</li> <li>Variant spellings. For example, <i>Honor</i> and <i>Honour</i> both appear at <a href="/wiki/Honor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Honor (disambiguation)">Honor (disambiguation)</a>.</li> <li>Variant forms of names. For example, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Smith_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Fred Smith (disambiguation)">Fred Smith</a> also includes persons named <i>Frederick Smith</i>.</li> <li>Terms which differ by the presence or absence of an <a href="/wiki/Article_(grammar)" title="Article (grammar)">article</a> (e.g. "a", "an", or "the" in English). For example, <a href="/wiki/Cure_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cure (disambiguation)">Cure (disambiguation)</a> also contains instances of <i>The Cure</i>.</li></ul> <p>Editorial judgement should be used in deciding whether to combine terms in the ways described above. If a combined disambiguation page would be inconveniently long, it may be better to split the disambiguation page into separate pages. </p><p>When a combined disambiguation page is used, redirects to it (or hatnotes, as appropriate) should be set up from all the terms involved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming_the_disambiguation_page" data-mw-thread-id="h-Naming_the_disambiguation_page-Disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Naming_the_disambiguation_page-Disambiguation_pages"></span><span id="NAME"></span> Naming the disambiguation page<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Naming_the_disambiguation_page-Disambiguation_pages"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABNAME"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABNAME&redirect=no">WP:DABNAME</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:DABNAME" redirects here. For the Manual of Style guideline on people's names in disambiguation pages, see <a href="/wiki/MOS:DABNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DABNAME">MOS:DABNAME</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles</a></div> <p>The title of a disambiguation page is the ambiguous term itself, provided there is no primary topic for that term. If there is a primary topic, then the tag "(disambiguation)" is added to the name of the disambiguation page, as in <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jupiter (disambiguation)">Jupiter (disambiguation)</a>. </p><p>When a disambiguation page combines several similar terms, one of them must be selected as the title for the page (with the "(disambiguation)" tag added if a primary topic exists for that term); the choice should be made in line with the following principles: </p> <ul><li>A word is preferred to an abbreviation, for example <a href="/wiki/Arm_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Arm (disambiguation)">Arm (disambiguation)</a> over <a href="/wiki/ARM" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ARM">ARM</a>.</li> <li>When no word can be formed, all capitals is preferred. For example, the disambiguation page for "ddb" is <a href="/wiki/DDB" class="mw-disambig" title="DDB">DDB</a>, not "Ddb".</li> <li>English spelling is preferred to that of non-English languages.</li> <li>Singulars are preferred to plurals.</li> <li>The simplest form of the term is preferred to those containing punctuation, <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Article_(grammar)" title="Article (grammar)">articles</a>; for example <a href="/wiki/SA" class="mw-disambig" title="SA">SA</a> is preferred to <a href="/wiki/S.A." class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="S.A.">S.A.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shadow_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Shadow (disambiguation)">Shadow (disambiguation)</a> is preferred to <a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Shadow (disambiguation)">The Shadow (disambiguation)</a>.</li> <li>The spelling that reflects the majority of items on the page is preferred to less common alternatives.</li></ul> <p>In addition, when a disambiguation page exists at the ambiguous term, there should also be a redirect to it from the "(disambiguation)" title; in other words, if "Term ABC" is a disambiguation page, a redirect from "Term ABC (disambiguation)" should be created if it does not already exist. This type of redirect is used to indicate any intentional links to the disambiguation page, to distinguish them from accidental or erroneous incoming links that should be disambiguated to the appropriate article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Page_style" data-mw-thread-id="h-Page_style-Disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Page_style-Disambiguation_pages"></span>Page style<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Page_style-Disambiguation_pages"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABSTYLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABSTYLE&redirect=no">WP:DABSTYLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages</a></div> <p>Each disambiguation page comprises a list (or multiple lists, for multiple senses of the term in question) of similarly titled links. </p> <ul><li>Link to the primary topic (if there is one): <dl><dd>A <b><a href="/wiki/School" title="School">school</a></b> is an institution for learning.</dd></dl></li> <li>Start each list with a short introductory sentence fragment with the title in <b>bold</b>, and ending with a colon. For example: <dl><dd><b>Blockbuster</b> may refer to:</dd></dl></li> <li>Try to start each entry in the list with a link to the target page, unless the link provided gives context rather than a synonymous meaning.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="oneblue"></span> Each bulleted entry should have a navigable (blue) link, normally as the entry itself (see the previous bullet), or in the description if the entry is red-linked or unlinked. <ul><li>Rarely should a bulleted entry have more than one navigable link; including more than one link can confuse the reader.</li></ul></li> <li>Do not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link" title="Wikipedia:Piped link">pipe</a> the names of the links to the articles being listed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(disambiguation_pages)#Piping_and_redirects" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages)">exceptions</a>.)</li> <li>Entries are sentence fragments; do not end them with periods or other punctuation.</li></ul> <p>Include the template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Disambiguation" class="mw-disambig" title="Template:Disambiguation">disambiguation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (or another disambiguation template, such as <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Geodis" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Template:Geodis">Geodis</a>}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Hndis" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Template:Hndis">Hndis</a>}}</code>) at the bottom as an indicator of the page's status. For more information, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages#The_disambiguation_notice_and_categorization" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages#The disambiguation notice and categorization</a>. </p><p>For prime examples of disambiguation pages, see <a href="/wiki/Lift_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lift (disambiguation)">Lift</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Aurora (disambiguation)">Aurora (disambiguation)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="What_not_to_include" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_not_to_include-Disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_not_to_include-Disambiguation_pages"></span>What not to include<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_not_to_include-Disambiguation_pages"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABNOT"></span><span id="WP:DABNOINCLUDE"></span><span id="WP:DABLONGDESC"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABNOT&redirect=no">WP:DABNOT</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABNOINCLUDE&redirect=no">WP:DABNOINCLUDE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABLONGDESC&redirect=no">WP:DABLONGDESC</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/MOS:DABNOENTRY" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DABNOENTRY">MOS:DABNOENTRY</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Long_descriptions_and_multimedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-Long_descriptions_and_multimedia-What_not_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Long_descriptions_and_multimedia-What_not_to_include"></span>Long descriptions and multimedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Long_descriptions_and_multimedia-What_not_to_include"></span></h4></div> <p>The purpose of a disambiguation page is to direct a reader seeking information on a topic to the right page. It is common to add <em>a little</em> additional information (which may make reference to the full article unnecessary). For example, the disambiguation page for <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt" class="mw-disambig" title="Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> contains the entry "<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1882–1945), 32nd U.S. president". On the other hand, "<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1882–1945), US president 1933–1945, Democratic Party, a central figure in world events, creator of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, in a wheelchair from polio since 1921, died in office" would be inappropriate; it summarises the article rather than merely disambiguating. </p><p>Images are discouraged unless they aid in selecting between articles on the particular search term in question. See: <a href="/wiki/MOS:DABIMG" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DABIMG">MOS:DABIMG</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dictionary_definitions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dictionary_definitions-What_not_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dictionary_definitions-What_not_to_include"></span>Dictionary definitions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dictionary_definitions-What_not_to_include"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABDIC"></span><span id="WP:DABDICT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABDIC&redirect=no">WP:DABDIC</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABDICT&redirect=no">WP:DABDICT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>A disambiguation page is not a list of dictionary definitions. A short description of the common general meaning of a word can be appropriate for helping the reader determine context. Otherwise, there are templates for linking the reader to <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the wiki dictionary; see <a href="/wiki/Template:Wiktionary" title="Template:Wiktionary">Template:Wiktionary</a>. It is also not an interlanguage dictionary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Partial_title_matches" data-mw-thread-id="h-Partial_title_matches-What_not_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Partial_title_matches-What_not_to_include"></span><span id="Lists"></span><span class="anchor" id="Partial-title-match"></span>Partial title matches<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Partial_title_matches-What_not_to_include"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PARTIAL"></span><span id="WP:PTM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PARTIAL&redirect=no">WP:PARTIAL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PTM&redirect=no">WP:PTM</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:PARTIAL" redirects here. For information about Wikipedia's policy on partial blocks, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Partial_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Partial blocks">Wikipedia:Partial blocks</a>. For information on partially disambiguated article titles, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PARTIALDAB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PARTIALDAB">WP:PARTIALDAB</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:PTM" redirects here. For the article title guideline on primary topics, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TITLEPTM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TITLEPTM">WP:TITLEPTM</a>.</div> <p>A disambiguation page is not a search index. A link to an article title that merely contains part of the disambiguation page title, or a link that includes the page title in a longer proper name, where there is no significant risk of confusion between them, is considered a <i>partial title match</i>, and should not be included. For example, <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Zoo" title="Louisville Zoo">Louisville Zoo</a> is not included at <a href="/wiki/Zoo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zoo (disambiguation)">Zoo (disambiguation)</a> because people outside <a href="/wiki/Louisville" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville">Louisville</a> would not readily identify it as <em>the</em> "Zoo", and including all zoos in the world in the disambiguation page is impractical (though <a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos" class="mw-redirect" title="List of zoos">List of zoos</a> <em>is</em> listed in the "See also" section). Add a link only if the article's subject (or the relevant subtopic thereof) could plausibly be referred to by essentially the <em>same</em> name as the disambiguated term in a sufficiently generic context—regardless of the article's title. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> article could not feasibly be titled <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, since that name is used by the US state article, but it is included at <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mississippi (disambiguation)">Mississippi (disambiguation)</a> because its subject is often called "the Mississippi". </p><p>Placenames are often divided between a specific and generic part, for example North Carolina (where "Carolina" is the specific, and "North" the generic part). Common generics are compass points, upper/lower, old/new, big/small, etc. It is entirely proper to include such placenames in disambiguation pages with the specific title (<a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> is properly listed at <a href="/wiki/Carolina_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Carolina (disambiguation)">Carolina (disambiguation)</a>); but only exceptionally under the generic title: <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a> is properly listed at <a href="/wiki/Hull_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Hull (disambiguation)">Hull (disambiguation)</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but we do not expect to see North Carolina in <a href="/wiki/North_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="North (disambiguation)">North (disambiguation)</a>, just as we do not expect to see Mississippi River in <a href="/wiki/River_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="River (disambiguation)">River (disambiguation)</a>). </p><p>Instead of listing partial title matches, consider adding the self-reference tool templates <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Srt" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Srt">srt</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Look_from" title="Template:Look from">look from</a>}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Intitle" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Intitle">intitle</a>}}</code> in the "See also" section, which link to all articles starting with or containing a particular term, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lists_of_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lists_of_names-What_not_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lists_of_names-What_not_to_include"></span><span class="anchor" id="Names"></span> Lists of names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lists_of_names-What_not_to_include"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages#Given_names_or_surnames" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages § Given names or surnames</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NAMELIST"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NAMELIST&redirect=no">WP:NAMELIST</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>To prevent disambiguation pages from getting too long, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BLP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BLP">articles on people</a> should be listed at the disambiguation page for their <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a> or <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> only if they are reasonably well known by it. We reasonably expect to see <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lincoln (disambiguation)">Lincoln (disambiguation)</a>, but very few sources would refer to the waltz composer <a href="/wiki/Harry_J._Lincoln" title="Harry J. Lincoln">Harry J. Lincoln</a> by an unqualified "Lincoln", so he is listed only at the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln (surname)">Lincoln (surname)</a> anthroponymy article. This is even more widespread for first names—many highly notable people are called <a href="/wiki/Herb_(given_name)" title="Herb (given name)">Herb</a>, but typing in <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herb</a> gets you an article on plants. <a href="/wiki/Herb_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Herb (disambiguation)">Herb (disambiguation)</a> does not even list any people named "Herb", but instead links to <a href="/wiki/Herb_(surname)" title="Herb (surname)">Herb (surname)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herb_(given_name)" title="Herb (given name)">Herb (given name)</a>, where articles on people named "Herb" are listed. Consensus among editors determines if an article should be listed on the disambiguation page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Related_subjects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Related_subjects-What_not_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Related_subjects-What_not_to_include"></span>Related subjects<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Related_subjects-What_not_to_include"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABRELATED"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABRELATED&redirect=no">WP:DABRELATED</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Include articles only if the term being disambiguated is actually described in the target article. For example, a use of the term <i>set</i> is discussed in the article on <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, so <a href="/wiki/Set_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Set (disambiguation)">Set (disambiguation)</a> legitimately includes an entry for "Set, a team's second contact with the ball in <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abbreviations,_initials_and_acronyms" data-mw-thread-id="h-Abbreviations,_initials_and_acronyms-What_not_to_include"><span id="Abbreviations.2C_initials_and_acronyms"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Abbreviations,_initials_and_acronyms-What_not_to_include"></span><span class="anchor" id="Related_subjects,_abbreviations_and_acronyms"></span><span class="anchor" id="Related_subjects,_abbreviations,_initials_and_acronyms"></span>Abbreviations, initials and acronyms<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Abbreviations,_initials_and_acronyms-What_not_to_include"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/MOS:DABACRO" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DABACRO">MOS:DABACRO</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABABBREV"></span><span id="WP:DABACRONYM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABABBREV&redirect=no">WP:DABABBREV</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABACRONYM&redirect=no">WP:DABACRONYM</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Do not add articles to abbreviation or acronym disambiguation pages unless the target article includes the acronym or abbreviation—we are resolving an ambiguity, not making yet another dictionary of abbreviations. If an abbreviation is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiable</a>, but not mentioned in the target article, consider adding it to the target article and then adding the entry to the disambiguation page. In particular, do not include people and other things simply because of their initials, unless those initials have been widely used. <a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy">John Fitzgerald Kennedy</a> is widely known as <a href="/wiki/JFK" class="mw-redirect" title="JFK">JFK</a> and this is discussed in the article, so the initials are appropriately disambiguated; however, <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> was never commonly known as "MM", nor was <a href="/wiki/A._A._Milne" title="A. A. Milne">A. A. Milne</a> known as either "AA" or "AAM". Omit descriptions that are obvious from the title, like (for PNP): "<a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a>, the national police force of the Republic of the Philippines". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References-What_not_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References-What_not_to_include"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References-What_not_to_include"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABREF"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABREF&redirect=no">WP:DABREF</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Do not include references in disambiguation pages; disambiguation pages are not articles. Incorporate references into the articles linked from the disambiguation page, as needed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links-What_not_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links-What_not_to_include"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links-What_not_to_include"></span></h4></div> <p>Do not include external links, either as entries or in descriptions. Disambiguation pages disambiguate Wikipedia articles, not the World Wide Web. To note URLs that might be helpful in the future, include them on the talk page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Preparation-Disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Preparation-Disambiguation_pages"></span>Preparation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Preparation-Disambiguation_pages"></span></h3></div> <p>Before constructing a new disambiguation page, determine a <a href="#Naming_the_specific_topic_articles">specific topic</a> name for all existing pages, and the <a href="#Naming_the_disambiguation_page">name for the disambiguation page</a>. <a href="/wiki/Help:Moving_a_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Moving a page">Move</a> any page with a conflicting title (e.g. the same exact title) to its more specific name. Use the <a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a> list for the moved page to update pages that <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Links_to_disambiguated_topics">link to that page</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction" data-mw-thread-id="h-Construction-Disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Construction-Disambiguation_pages"></span>Construction<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Construction-Disambiguation_pages"></span></h3></div> <p>If an article has been moved to make way for the disambiguation page, use the <u>What links here</u> list of the moved page to access the redirect page created by the move, and replace that redirect page with the new disambiguation page. </p><p>Use the new disambiguation page to find and replace (see <a href="/wiki/Table_of_keyboard_shortcuts#Text_editing" title="Table of keyboard shortcuts">Table of keyboard shortcuts#Text editing</a>) any existing <a href="#Disambiguation_links">disambiguation links</a> in existing pages with a link to the new disambiguation page. </p><p>Note that the standard link templates will actually point to a <i>Term XYZ (disambiguation)</i> version of the new name. Use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link" title="Wikipedia:Red link">red-link</a> on an existing page to create a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a> page marked with the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R_to_disambiguation_page" title="Template:R to disambiguation page">R to disambiguation page</a>}}</code> template. </p><p>For example, <i>Term XYZ (disambiguation)</i> could be redirected to the new disambiguation page <i>Term XYZ</i> as follows: </p> <pre>#REDIRECT [[Term XYZ]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R to disambiguation page}} }} </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categories-Disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categories-Disambiguation_pages"></span>Categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categories-Disambiguation_pages"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DBC"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DBC&redirect=no">WP:DBC</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Disambiguation pages are not articles and should not be categorized as such. Article categories should lead readers to relevant articles; disambiguation pages should be placed in disambiguation categories only. Some categories are automatically provided by use of the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Disambiguation" class="mw-disambig" title="Template:Disambiguation">disambiguation</a>}}</code> template and parameters (geo, surname, etc.). Hidden categories may appear due to maintenance or other tags and templates, but other explicit categories (such as "Category:Mountains of Fooland") should not be used on disambiguation pages. When a disambiguation page includes a list of name-holders (in cases where the separate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Anthroponymy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a> list article has not yet been created), explicit categories such as "Category:Fooish surnames" are acceptable on the disambiguation page until the anthroponymy article is split from the disambiguation page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deletion" data-mw-thread-id="h-Deletion-Disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Deletion-Disambiguation_pages"></span>Deletion<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Deletion-Disambiguation_pages"></span></h3></div> <p>Disambiguation pages can be listed for discussion at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion">Articles for deletion</a>. For uncontroversial cases, the simpler process of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed deletion</a> is also an option. Disambiguation pages with no bluelinked entries, and those ending with <i>(disambiguation)</i> with only one bluelinked entry, can be summarily deleted using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:G14" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:G14">speedy deletion criterion G14</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Links"></span>Links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Links"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_disambiguation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Double_disambiguation-Links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Double_disambiguation-Links"></span>Double disambiguation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Double_disambiguation-Links"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DDAB"></span><span id="WP:DOUBLEDAB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DDAB&redirect=no">WP:DDAB</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DOUBLEDAB&redirect=no">WP:DOUBLEDAB</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>A double disambiguation is an entry on a disambiguation page pointing to a more specifically named disambiguation page, rather than to an article. This kind of disambiguation is relatively rare on Wikipedia. In some cases, entries from the secondary page can be <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> onto the primary disambiguation page with <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Transclude_list" title="Template:Transclude list">transclude list</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. </p><p>For example, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Montgomery (disambiguation)">Montgomery</a> is a disambiguation page that includes a link to <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Montgomery County (disambiguation)">Montgomery County</a>, a secondary disambiguation page. Because the intended target page is also a disambiguation page, the link is to "<a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Montgomery County (disambiguation)">Montgomery County (disambiguation)</a>" rather than directly to "Montgomery County". There are two reasons for this: One is so the page will not show up as an error needing to be fixed, and the other is so our readers know it is a link to a disambiguation page (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="#Links_to_disambiguation_pages">§ Links to disambiguation pages</a> for further information on creating intentional links to disambiguation pages</span>). </p><p>Additionally, a page title with two parenthetical disambiguations—e.g. <i><var style="padding-right: 1px;">X</var> (disambiguation) (disambiguation)</i>—is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirects_are_costly#Disambiguation_errors" title="Wikipedia:Redirects are costly">malformed</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incomplete_disambiguation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Incomplete_disambiguation-Links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Incomplete_disambiguation-Links"></span>Incomplete disambiguation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Incomplete_disambiguation-Links"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:INCDAB"></span><span id="WP:INCOMPDAB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:INCDAB&redirect=no">WP:INCDAB</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:INCOMPDAB&redirect=no">WP:INCOMPDAB</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Partially_disambiguated_page_names" title="Wikipedia:Partially disambiguated page names">Wikipedia:Partially disambiguated page names</a></div> <p>Usually, a qualified title that is still ambiguous has no <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PRIMARYTOPIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PRIMARYTOPIC">primary topic</a>, and therefore should <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a> to the disambiguation page (or to a section of it). This aids navigation and helps editors avoid accidentally creating new articles under the still-ambiguous title. Such redirects should be marked with <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R_from_incomplete_disambiguation" title="Template:R from incomplete disambiguation">R from incomplete disambiguation</a>}}</code> (which places them under <a href="/wiki/Category:Redirects_from_incomplete_disambiguation" title="Category:Redirects from incomplete disambiguation">Category:Redirects from incomplete disambiguation</a>). For example, <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(album)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aurora (album)">Aurora (album)</a> is a redirect: </p> <pre>#REDIRECT [[Aurora (disambiguation)#Albums]] {{Rcat shell| {{R from incomplete disambiguation}} {{R to section}} }} </pre> <p>In some cases, it may be more appropriate to redirect readers to a list or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SIA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SIA">set index article</a> rather than a disambiguation page. For example, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_(NFL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland (NFL)">Cleveland (NFL)</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Star (London)">The Star (London)</a> should not be disambiguation pages, but should instead redirect to <a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_teams_in_Cleveland#Football" title="List of sports teams in Cleveland">List of sports teams in Cleveland#Football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_(newspaper)#Europe" title="Star (newspaper)">Star (newspaper)#Europe</a>, respectively. </p><p>In individual cases consensus may determine that a parenthetically disambiguated title that is still ambiguous has a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PRIMARYTOPIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PRIMARYTOPIC">primary topic</a>, but the threshold for identifying a primary topic for such titles is higher than for a title without parenthetical disambiguation. As with any other term with a primary topic, it should either be the title of the article for that topic or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PRIMARYREDIRECT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PRIMARYREDIRECT">redirect to it</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PDABLIST" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PDABLIST">List of partially disambiguated article titles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="To_corresponding_disambiguation_pages_on_other_Wikipedias" data-mw-thread-id="h-To_corresponding_disambiguation_pages_on_other_Wikipedias-Links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-To_corresponding_disambiguation_pages_on_other_Wikipedias-Links"></span>To corresponding disambiguation pages on other Wikipedias<span data-mw-comment-end="h-To_corresponding_disambiguation_pages_on_other_Wikipedias-Links"></span></h3></div> <p>A disambiguation page on the English Wikipedia should be connected to the corresponding disambiguation pages in other-language Wikipedias. In the default interface, these will be linked in a drop-down menu at the top (or, if using the pre-2022 settings, in <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links#the_sidebar" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links § the sidebar</a>). Such links are normally handled at Wikidata, which has <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Disambiguation_pages/guidelines" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:WikiProject Disambiguation pages/guidelines">guidelines for appropriate linking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links_to_disambiguated_topics" data-mw-thread-id="h-Links_to_disambiguated_topics-Links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Links_to_disambiguated_topics-Links"></span><span class="anchor" id="Links_to_disambiguated_topic"></span> Links to disambiguated topics<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Links_to_disambiguated_topics-Links"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:FIXDABLINKS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:FIXDABLINKS&redirect=no">WP:FIXDABLINKS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Links to disambiguation pages may be intentional (see <a href="#Links_to_disambiguation_pages">below</a>), but in many cases they are not. If a link to a disambiguation page is intended for one or another of the topics with the ambiguous name, it should be changed to link to the appropriate article. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_pages_with_links" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links">Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links</a> (DPL) project tracks such links and lists tools and practical suggestions for fixing them. </p><p>Links previously pointing to an article may suddenly become links to a disambiguation page. This can happen, for example, when a disambiguation page is created over a redirect, when one is moved to a title formerly occupied by an article, or when a redirect is retargeted from an article to a disambiguation page. The resulting links will need to be corrected. For a handful of links, this can be done by the editors who create such disambiguation pages or propose such moves or redirect changes, or by those who carry them out. For changes with larger impacts, a task force may be needed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links_to_disambiguation_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Links_to_disambiguation_pages-Links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Links_to_disambiguation_pages-Links"></span>Links to disambiguation pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Links_to_disambiguation_pages-Links"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:INTDABLINK"></span><span id="WP:INTDAB"></span><span id="WP:INTDABS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:INTDABLINK&redirect=no">WP:INTDABLINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:INTDAB&redirect=no">WP:INTDAB</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:INTDABS&redirect=no">WP:INTDABS</a></span></li></ul></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Dablinks/FAQ#What's_wrong_with_links_to_disambiguation_pages?" title="Template:Dablinks/FAQ">Template:Dablinks/FAQ § What's wrong with links to disambiguation pages?</a></div><p>Links to disambiguation pages from mainspace are typically errors. In order to find and fix those errors, disambiguators generate reports of links needing to be checked and fixed. Because these reports cannot distinguish cases where an editor has made such a link with the <em>intent</em> to point to the disambiguation page, <b>the community has adopted the standard of routing <em>all</em> intentional disambiguation links in mainspace through "Foo (disambiguation)" redirects</b>. This makes it clear that such links are intended to point to the disambiguation page. </p><p>For example: </p> <ul><li>In text or in a "See also" section of an article that is not itself a disambiguation page: <ul><li>Incorrect: <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">There are many places named [[Springfield]]</span></li> <li>Correct: <span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">There are many places named [[Springfield (disambiguation)|Springfield]]</span></li></ul></li> <li>On a disambiguation page, an intentional link to another disambiguation page that does not contain "(disambiguation)" in the title: <ul><li>Incorrect: <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">[[Springfield]]</span></li> <li>Incorrect: <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">[[Springfield (disambiguation)|Springfield]]</span></li> <li>Incorrect: <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">[[Springfield|Springfield (disambiguation)]]</span></li> <li>Correct: <span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[[Springfield (disambiguation)]]</span></li></ul></li> <li>In a hatnote: <ul><li>Incorrect: <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">{{other uses|Springfield}}</span></li> <li>Correct: <span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">{{other uses|Springfield (disambiguation)}}</span></li> <li>Correct: <span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">{{other uses|Springfield (disambiguation){{!}}Springfield}}</span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>It may be necessary to create the redirect ("Springfield (disambiguation)" in these examples) if it does not already exist. This is described <a href="#HOWTODAB">below</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="When_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page" data-mw-thread-id="h-When_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-When_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"></span>When to link to a disambiguation page<span data-mw-comment-end="h-When_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"></span></h4></div> <p>With few exceptions, creating links to disambiguation pages is erroneous. Links should instead point to a relevant article. The purpose of a disambiguation page is to give a list of articles that is likely to include what a reader is looking for when they have typed an ambiguous term into the search box. Disambiguation pages are not articles and so should not be tagged as orphans per the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan#Criteria" title="Wikipedia:Orphan">Orphan criteria</a>. </p><p>The exceptions, when an intentional link to a disambiguation page is appropriate, are: </p> <ul><li>Disambiguation hatnotes: <a href="/wiki/Watergate" class="mw-redirect" title="Watergate">Watergate</a> redirects to <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>, which carries a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">hatnote</a> linking to <a href="/wiki/Watergate_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Watergate (disambiguation)">Watergate (disambiguation)</a> for other uses.</li> <li>Links from one disambiguation page to another for further disambiguation: <a href="/wiki/British" class="mw-disambig" title="British">British</a> has a link to <a href="/wiki/Britain_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Britain (disambiguation)">Britain (disambiguation)</a> for further disambiguation.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:FURTHERDAB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:FURTHERDAB&redirect=no">WP:FURTHERDAB</a></span></li></ul></div></div><span class="anchor" id="FurtherDab"></span></li> <li>Links from set indexes: <a href="/wiki/Laing_(surname)" title="Laing (surname)">Laing (surname)</a> contains a link to <a href="/wiki/John_Laing_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="John Laing (disambiguation)">John Laing (disambiguation)</a>.</li> <li>Exceptionally, in a "See also" list of interesting internal links where several different articles might be of interest to the reader and multiple ones are listed on the disambiguation page.</li> <li>In a redirect page (<a href="#REDIRECT">below</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="How_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"></span><span class="anchor" id="HOWTODAB"></span>How to link to a disambiguation page<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:HOWTODAB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:HOWTODAB&redirect=no">WP:HOWTODAB</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>To link to a disambiguation page (rather than to a page whose topic is a specific meaning), link to the title that includes the text <span class="nowrap">"(disambiguation)"</span>, <em>even if that is a redirect</em>—for example, link to the redirect <a href="/wiki/Springfield_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Springfield (disambiguation)">Springfield (disambiguation)</a> rather than the target page at "Springfield". </p> <ul><li>If the redirect does not yet exist, create it and tag it with <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R_to_disambiguation_page" title="Template:R to disambiguation page">R to disambiguation page</a>}}</code>.</li> <li>If you are linking within a template, such as a <a href="/wiki/Hatnote" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatnote">hatnote</a> template, you can still use pipe syntax so that the link does not show the new qualifier. To do this, use the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:!" title="Template:!">!</a>}}</code> character-substitution magic word.</li></ul> <p>This helps distinguish accidental links to the disambiguation page from intentional ones. (For use in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Navbox">navboxes</a>, see the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:D%27" title="Template:D'">D'</a>}}</code> template.) There is nothing wrong with linking to a redirect instead of linking directly to the disambiguation page; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirects_are_cheap" title="Wikipedia:Redirects are cheap">redirects are "cheap"</a> and are basically transparent to the reader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Redirects_to_disambiguation_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Redirects_to_disambiguation_pages-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Redirects_to_disambiguation_pages-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"></span>Redirects to disambiguation pages <span class="anchor" id="REDIRECT"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Redirects_to_disambiguation_pages-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:RTODAB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:RTODAB&redirect=no">WP:RTODAB</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Valid causes for redirecting to a disambiguation page include: </p> <ul><li>Incomplete disambiguation (see <a href="#Incomplete_disambiguation">above</a>)</li> <li>Redirects from misspellings: <a href="/wiki/Britian" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Britian">Britian</a> redirects to the "Britain" disambiguation page.</li> <li>Redirects from alternative spellings if separate disambiguation pages are not warranted: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrk" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Türk">Türk</a> redirects to the <a href="/wiki/Turk" class="mw-disambig" title="Turk">Turk</a> disambiguation page.</li> <li>Redirects from variations in capitalisation, word separation, or punctuation, if separate disambiguation pages are not warranted: <a href="/wiki/Bullet_Proof" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bullet Proof">Bullet Proof</a> redirects to "Bulletproof (disambiguation)".</li></ul> <p>The rule about linking through a "(disambiguation)" redirect does not apply to <em>redirects</em> to disambiguation pages: Do not create a double redirect, but make a redirect to the disambiguation page directly (thus <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cox" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bill Cox">Bill Cox</a>, a redirect from an alternative name, redirects to the disambiguation page and does not go through the redirect <a href="/wiki/William_Cox_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="William Cox (disambiguation)">William Cox (disambiguation)</a>). Although it is permissible for this redirect to be made, it generally should not be linked to in an article for the same reasons direct links to disambiguation pages are discouraged. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Category:Redirects_to_disambiguation_pages" title="Category:Redirects to disambiguation pages">Category:Redirects to disambiguation pages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Visualizing_links_to_disambiguation_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Visualizing_links_to_disambiguation_pages-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Visualizing_links_to_disambiguation_pages-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"></span><span class="anchor" id="DABDISPLAY"></span>Visualizing links to disambiguation pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Visualizing_links_to_disambiguation_pages-Links_to_disambiguation_pages"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DABDISPLAY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DABDISPLAY&redirect=no">WP:DABDISPLAY</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Links to disambiguation pages can be displayed in orange <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets" title="Special:Preferences">in the settings under "Gadgets"</a> by checking "Display links to disambiguation pages in orange". </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This page is referenced in the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Wikipedia Glossary</a></span>.</div> <div class="side-box-imageright"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 44px;height: 44px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" data-width="44" data-height="44" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation">Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_pages_with_links" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links">Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Disambiguation" title="Help:Disambiguation">Help:Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages#Red_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages § Red links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Set_index_articles" title="Wikipedia:Set index articles">Wikipedia:Set index articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pageviews_and_primary_topics" title="Wikipedia:Pageviews and primary topics">Wikipedia:Pageviews and primary topics</a>, essay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ambiguous_subjects" title="Wikipedia:Ambiguous subjects">Wikipedia:Ambiguous subjects</a>, essay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguations_are_cheap" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguations are cheap">Wikipedia:Disambiguations are cheap</a>, essay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_and_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation and abbreviations">Wikipedia:Disambiguation and abbreviations</a>, inactive page for historical reference</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Google_Ngram_Viewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Ngram Viewer">Google Ngram Viewer</a> results for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=York%2CNew+York&year_start=1808&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CYork%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CNew%20York%3B%2Cc0">York/New York</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=York+is%2CNew+York+is&year_start=1808&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CYork%20is%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CNew%20York%20is%3B%2Cc0">York is/New York is</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">US cities (such as <a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a>) are <em>not</em> considered as partial title matches when deciding whether they are the primary topic for the base name ("<a href="/wiki/Anaheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim">Anaheim</a>"). They are considered full title matches for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PRIMARYREDIRECT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PRIMARYREDIRECT">primary redirect</a> concern; the only reason that many US city articles are located at the elongated title is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:USPLACENAMES" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:USPLACENAMES">Wikipedia guideline</a> to keep state names in titles for virtually all US cities and counties.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In running prose, it is more common in British and some other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth English">Commonwealth English</a> varieties to use a "Windsor in Berkshire" pattern, while "Windsor, Ontario," is more common in <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American English</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#National_varieties_of_English" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">dialectal distinction</a> does not apply to article titles, which follow <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CONSISTENT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CONSISTENT">consistent</a>, prescribed patterns.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Communicating the actual titles of entries at variance with the base title one might expect—were the entries not ambiguous with each other—is integral to the purpose of a DAB page.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingston upon Hull is an exception in that – unlike most places with a generic modifier like <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> being shortened to "Newcastle" and thus not appearing at <a href="/wiki/Tyne_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tyne (disambiguation)">Tyne (disambiguation)</a> – Kingston upon Hull is far more commonly shortened to "Hull".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Last discussed <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Disambiguation/Archive_54#Deletion" title="Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation/Archive 54">in 2021</a>. Relevant AfD and PRODs are automatically listed at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation/Article_alerts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/Article alerts">Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/Article alerts</a>. AfDs are also usually added to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/Disambiguations" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Disambiguations">Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Disambiguations</a>. G14 nominations appear in <a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_for_speedy_deletion_as_unnecessary_disambiguation_pages" title="Category:Candidates for speedy deletion as unnecessary disambiguation pages">Category:Candidates for speedy deletion as unnecessary disambiguation pages</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Most recently discussed <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Disambiguation/Archive_55#Language_sidebar_links_again" title="Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation/Archive 55">in 2022</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The present form of this guideline dates to December 2020, and is the result of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Disambiguation/Archive_53#Rewriting_WP:FIXDABLINKS_(Links_to_disambiguated_topics)" title="Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation/Archive 53">an earlier discussion</a>. Previously, the text implied that closers of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RM">RM discussions</a> should fix any resultant dablinks, but there was broad agreement against such a strong requirement.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is an example of how to generate a link without displaying "(disambiguation)", when the link redirects to a page title without "(disambiguation)".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links_2"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links_2"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links_2"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:Dispenser/Dab_solver" title="User:Dispenser/Dab solver">Dispenser's Dab solver</a>, a tool for disambiguating links</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikipedia key <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a> <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wikipedia's policies and guidelines are developed by the community to describe best practices, clarify principles, resolve conflicts, and otherwise further our goal.">(?)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="defines the scope of the encyclopedia and the material that is suitable for it">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyright</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Copyright violations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Reliable sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_create_hoaxes" title="Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes">Don't create hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patent_nonsense" title="Wikipedia:Patent nonsense">Patent nonsense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Conduct <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="describes how editors can successfully collaborate and what behavior is acceptable">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Civility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Harassment" title="Wikipedia:Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">No personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ownership_of_content" title="Wikipedia:Ownership of content">Ownership of content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">Edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry" title="Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry">Sockpuppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_legal_threats" title="Wikipedia:No legal threats">No legal threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Child_protection" title="Wikipedia:Child protection">Child protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Paid-contribution_disclosure" title="Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure">Paid-contribution disclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing" title="Wikipedia:Disruptive editing">Disruptive editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_disrupt_Wikipedia_to_illustrate_a_point" title="Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point">Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system" title="Wikipedia:Gaming the system">Gaming the system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Please do not bite the newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Courtesy_vanishing" title="Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing">Courtesy vanishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Responding_to_threats_of_harm" title="Wikipedia:Responding to threats of harm">Responding to threats of harm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Deletion <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the processes by which pages, revisions, and logs may be deleted">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Deletion policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people">Biographies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Criteria for speedy deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Attack page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Revision_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Enforcement <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the various means by which standards may be enforced">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Banning_policy" title="Wikipedia:Banning policy">Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Page protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Editing <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="documents the various protocols about style and grouping">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Editing policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Summary style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Broad-concept_article" title="Wikipedia:Broad-concept article">Broad-concept article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Project content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="protocols related to administration">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project namespace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">User boxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;;background: #dddddd;color:inherit;"><abbr title="Wikimedia Foundation">WMF</abbr> <abbr title="official policies and statements of the Wikimedia Foundation">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal; background: #e6e6e6;color:inherit;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policy:Universal Code of Conduct">Universal Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="wmf:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policies" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Friendly_space_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Friendly space policy">Friendly space policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy">Licensing and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: normal;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">List of all policies and guidelines</a></b> <ul><li><b><span style="color:#118811;"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">List of policies</a></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">List of guidelines</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Summaries of values and principles</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Disambiguation&oldid=1258423451">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Disambiguation&oldid=1258423451</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Disambiguation&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="WhatamIdoing" data-user-gender="female" data-timestamp="1732036657"> <span>Last edited on 19 November 2024, at 17:17</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dubbelsinnigheid" title="Wikipedia:Dubbelsinnigheid – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wikipedia:Dubbelsinnigheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="ويكيبيديا:توضيح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:توضيح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pachina_de_desambigaci%C3%B3n" title="Wikipedia:Pachina de desambigación – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Wikipedia:Pachina de desambigación" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:দ্ব্যৰ্থতা দূৰীকৰণ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:দ্ব্যৰ্থতা দূৰীকৰণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:P%C3%A1xina_de_dixebra" title="Wikipedia:Páxina de dixebra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wikipedia:Páxina de dixebra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:D%C9%99qiql%C9%99%C5%9Fdirm%C9%99" title="Vikipediya:Dəqiqləşdirmə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikipediya:Dəqiqləşdirmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AF%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87" title="ویکی‌پدیا:دقیقلشدیرمه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:دقیقلشدیرمه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:দ্ব্যর্থতা নিরসন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:দ্ব্যর্থতা নিরসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Khu-pia%CC%8Dt" title="Wikipedia:Khu-pia̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Wikipedia:Khu-pia̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguasi" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguasi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Wikipedia:Disambiguasi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BF_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Википедия:Күп мәғәнәлелек – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Википедия:Күп мәғәнәлелек" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вікіпедыя:Неадназначнасць – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Неадназначнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вікіпэдыя:Неадназначнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вікіпэдыя:Неадназначнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="विकिपीडिया:बहुअर्थी-शब्द स्पष्टीकरण – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विकिपीडिया:बहुअर्थी-शब्द स्पष्टीकरण" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Уикипедия:Пояснителна страница – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Пояснителна страница" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Begriffsklearung" title="Wikipedia:Begriffsklearung – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wikipedia:Begriffsklearung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dishe%C3%B1velout" title="Wikipedia:Disheñvelout – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wikipedia:Disheñvelout" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A0gina_de_desambiguaci%C3%B3" title="Ajuda:Pàgina de desambiguació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:Pàgina de desambiguació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_pulong_nga_may_labaw_pa_sa_usa_ka_kahulogan" title="Wikipedia:Mga pulong nga may labaw pa sa usa ka kahulogan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Wikipedia:Mga pulong nga may labaw pa sa usa ka kahulogan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Rozcestn%C3%ADky" title="Wikipedie:Rozcestníky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikipedie:Rozcestníky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicipedia:Gwahaniaethu" title="Wicipedia:Gwahaniaethu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wicipedia:Gwahaniaethu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Flertydige_titler" title="Wikipedia:Flertydige titler – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wikipedia:Flertydige titler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="ويكيپيديا:توضيح – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ويكيپيديا:توضيح" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Begriffskl%C3%A4rung" title="Wikipedia:Begriffsklärung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Begriffsklärung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipeedia:T%C3%A4psustuslehek%C3%BClg" title="Vikipeedia:Täpsustuslehekülg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vikipeedia:Täpsustuslehekülg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Αποσαφήνιση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικιπαίδεια:Αποσαφήνιση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ambig%C3%BCedad_en_t%C3%ADtulos" title="Wikipedia:Ambigüedad en títulos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Ambigüedad en títulos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Argipen_orri" title="Wikipedia:Argipen orri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wikipedia:Argipen orri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ویکی‌پدیا:ابهام‌زدایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:ابهام‌زدایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Homonymie" title="Wikipédia:Homonymie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wikipédia:Homonymie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reddaghey" title="Wikipedia:Reddaghey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Wikipedia:Reddaghey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hom%C3%B3nimos" title="Wikipedia:Homónimos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wikipedia:Homónimos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Википеди:Массехк маӀан хилар – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Википеди:Массехк маӀан хилар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE:%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A7_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%95" title="વિકિપીડિયા:સંદિગ્ધ શીર્ષક – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિકિપીડિયા:સંદિગ્ધ શીર્ષક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%83%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Վիքիպեդիա:Բազմիմաստության փարատում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքիպեդիա:Բազմիմաստության փարատում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="विकिपीडिया:बहुविकल्पी शब्द – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:बहुविकल्पी शब्द" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Wjacezmyslnos%C4%87" title="Wikipedija:Wjacezmyslnosć – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wikipedija:Wjacezmyslnosć" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Razdvojba" title="Wikipedija:Razdvojba – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:Razdvojba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedio:Homonimo" title="Wikipedio:Homonimo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Wikipedio:Homonimo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Panangilawlawag" title="Wikipedia:Panangilawlawag – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wikipedia:Panangilawlawag" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguasi" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Disambiguasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:A%C3%B0greiningars%C3%AD%C3%B0ur" title="Wikipedia:Aðgreiningarsíður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wikipedia:Aðgreiningarsíður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ויקיפדיה:פירושונים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקיפדיה:פירושונים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitulung:Dhisambiguasi" title="Pitulung:Dhisambiguasi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pitulung:Dhisambiguasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ದ್ವಂದ್ವ ನಿವಾರಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ದ್ವಂದ್ವ ನಿವಾರಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვიკიპედია:მრავალმნიშვნელოვანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიკიპედია:მრავალმნიშვნელოვანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Уикипедия:Айрық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уикипедия:Айрық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Discretiva" title="Vicipaedia:Discretiva – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vicipaedia:Discretiva" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Noz%C4%ABmju_atdal%C4%AB%C5%A1ana" title="Vikipēdija:Nozīmju atdalīšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vikipēdija:Nozīmju atdalīšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Homonymie" title="Wikipedia:Homonymie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wikipedia:Homonymie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedija:Nuorodiniai_straipsniai" title="Vikipedija:Nuorodiniai straipsniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikipedija:Nuorodiniai straipsniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verdudelikingspazjena" title="Wikipedia:Verdudelikingspazjena – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wikipedia:Verdudelikingspazjena" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Egy%C3%A9rtelm%C5%B1s%C3%ADt%C5%91_lapok" title="Wikipédia:Egyértelműsítő lapok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Egyértelműsítő lapok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Википедија:Појаснување – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Википедија:Појаснување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വിവക്ഷകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വിവക്ഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="ويكيبيديا:توضيح – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويكيبيديا:توضيح" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%AF%D8%AC%DA%AF%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86" title="ویکی‌پدیا:گجگجی بیتن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:گجگجی بیتن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Nyahkekaburan" title="Bantuan:Nyahkekaburan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantuan:Nyahkekaburan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5:Disambiguation" title="ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ:Disambiguation – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ:Disambiguation" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biquip%C3%A9dia:Zambigua%C3%A7on" title="Biquipédia:Zambiguaçon – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Biquipédia:Zambiguaçon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Википедиесь:Лама смусть – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Википедиесь:Лама смусть" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Doorverwijspagina" title="Wikipedia:Doorverwijspagina – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikipedia:Doorverwijspagina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="विकिपिडिया:अस्पष्ट पृष्ठहरू – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विकिपिडिया:अस्पष्ट पृष्ठहरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9B%96%E6%98%A7%E3%81%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF" title="Wikipedia:曖昧さ回避 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:曖昧さ回避" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Википеди:Чолхалла – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Википеди:Чолхалла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Flertydige_titler" title="Wikipedia:Flertydige titler – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wikipedia:Flertydige titler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fleirtyding" title="Wikipedia:Fleirtyding – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wikipedia:Fleirtyding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Frouque" title="Aide:Frouque – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Aide:Frouque" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%DA%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="ويکيپېډيا:څومانيز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويکيپېډيا:څومانيز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98" title="វិគីភីឌា:អសង្ស័យកម្ម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិគីភីឌា:អសង្ស័យកម្ម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:R%C3%B2be_parej" title="Wikipedia:Ròbe parej – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Wikipedia:Ròbe parej" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mehrd%C3%BCdig_Begreep" title="Wikipedia:Mehrdüdig Begreep – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wikipedia:Mehrdüdig Begreep" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Wikipedia:Strona ujednoznaczniająca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikipedia:Strona ujednoznaczniająca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Wikipédia:Desambiguação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Desambiguação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Watt_%C4%97%C3%9F%C3%9F_m%C4%97d_%E2%80%9E(Watt_%C4%97%C3%9F%C3%9F_datt%3F)%E2%80%9C-Sigge%3F" title="Wikipedia:Watt ėßß mėd „(Watt ėßß datt?)“-Sigge? – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wikipedia:Watt ėßß mėd „(Watt ėßß datt?)“-Sigge?" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dezambiguizare" title="Wikipedia:Dezambiguizare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Dezambiguizare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipidiya:Dudalipen" title="Vikipidiya:Dudalipen – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Vikipidiya:Dudalipen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Википедия:Неоднозначность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Неоднозначность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Begriepskloorenge" title="Wikipedia:Begriepskloorenge – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Wikipedia:Begriepskloorenge" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kthjellime" title="Wikipedia:Kthjellime – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Wikipedia:Kthjellime" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiutu:Disambiguazzioni" title="Aiutu:Disambiguazzioni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aiutu:Disambiguazzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="විකිපීඩියා:බහුරුත්හරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:බහුරුත්හරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AC%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BE" title="وڪيپيڊيا:سلجھائپ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڪيپيڊيا:سلجھائپ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Rozli%C5%A1ovacia_str%C3%A1nka" title="Wikipédia:Rozlišovacia stránka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikipédia:Rozlišovacia stránka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Razlo%C4%8Ditev" title="Wikipedija:Razločitev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Razločitev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedyjo:Ujednoznacz%C5%84aj%C5%AFnco_zajta" title="Wikipedyjo:Ujednoznaczńajůnco zajta – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wikipedyjo:Ujednoznaczńajůnco zajta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="ویکیپیدیا:ڕوونکردنەوە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویکیپیدیا:ڕوونکردنەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Вишезначна одредница – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Вишезначна одредница" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Razvrstavanje" title="Wikipedija:Razvrstavanje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wikipedija:Razvrstavanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguasi" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguasi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wikipedia:Disambiguasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:T%C3%A4smennyssivu" title="Wikipedia:Täsmennyssivu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikipedia:Täsmennyssivu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:S%C3%A4rskiljning" title="Wikipedia:Särskiljning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Särskiljning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Paglilinaw" title="Wikipedia:Paglilinaw – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikipedia:Paglilinaw" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:பக்கவழி நெறிப்படுத்தல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:பக்கவழி நெறிப்படுத்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BF_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Википедия:Күп мәгънәле мәкаләләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Википедия:Күп мәгънәле мәкаләләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="వికీపీడియా:అయోమయ నివృత్తి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వికీపీడియా:అయోమయ నివృత్తి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การแก้ความกำกวม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิพีเดีย:การแก้ความกำกวม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%98%D0%B1%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Википедиа:Ибҳомзудоӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Википедиа:Ибҳомзудоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Anlam_ayr%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Vikipedi:Anlam ayrımı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Anlam ayrımı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Википедия:Омонимия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Википедия:Омонимия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Вікіпедія:Неоднозначність – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Неоднозначність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ویکیپیڈیا:ضد ابہام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکیپیڈیا:ضد ابہام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng" title="Wikipedia:Định hướng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Định hướng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BCkiped:Telpl%C3%A4nov" title="Vükiped:Telplänov – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vükiped:Telplänov" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Omonimeye" title="Wikipedia:Omonimeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Wikipedia:Omonimeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B8:%E6%8C%87%E6%B4%A5%E8%BE%A8%E7%BE%A9" title="維基大典:指津辨義 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="維基大典:指津辨義" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E6%B8%85%E7%88%BD" title="Wikipedia:分清爽 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Wikipedia:分清爽" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%B0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D6%BC%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2:%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F" title="װיקיפּעדיע:באדייטן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="װיקיפּעדיע:באדייטן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A" title="Wikipedia:搞清楚 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Wikipedia:搞清楚" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Deurverwiespagina" title="Wikipedia:Deurverwiespagina – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Wikipedia:Deurverwiespagina" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:消歧义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 17:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Disambiguation&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78fc6dc798-dknzw","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Deciding_to_disambiguate","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Broad-concept_articles","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Is_there_a_primary_topic?","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Determining_a_primary_topic-Is_there_a_primary_topic?","replies":[{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Not_\"what_first_comes_to_(your)_mind\"-Determining_a_primary_topic","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Redirecting_to_a_primary_topic-Is_there_a_primary_topic?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Primary_topic_when_a_disambiguation_page_lists_only_one_existing_article_by_that-Is_there_a_primary_topic?","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-No_primary_topic-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Primary_topic_with_only_one_other_topic-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Primary_topic_with_two_or_more_other_topics-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Different_spelling_variants-Disambiguation_page_or_hatnotes?","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Naming_the_specific_topic_articles","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Format-Naming_the_specific_topic_articles","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Hatnotes","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Usage_guidelines-Hatnotes","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Disambiguation_pages","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Combining_terms_on_disambiguation_pages-Disambiguation_pages","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Naming_the_disambiguation_page-Disambiguation_pages","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Page_style-Disambiguation_pages","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-What_not_to_include-Disambiguation_pages","replies":[{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Long_descriptions_and_multimedia-What_not_to_include","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Dictionary_definitions-What_not_to_include","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Partial_title_matches-What_not_to_include","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Lists_of_names-What_not_to_include","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Related_subjects-What_not_to_include","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Abbreviations,_initials_and_acronyms-What_not_to_include","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-References-What_not_to_include","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-External_links-What_not_to_include","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Preparation-Disambiguation_pages","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Construction-Disambiguation_pages","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Categories-Disambiguation_pages","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Deletion-Disambiguation_pages","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Links","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Double_disambiguation-Links","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Incomplete_disambiguation-Links","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-To_corresponding_disambiguation_pages_on_other_Wikipedias-Links","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Links_to_disambiguated_topics-Links","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Links_to_disambiguation_pages-Links","replies":[{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-When_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page-Links_to_disambiguation_pages","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_link_to_a_disambiguation_page-Links_to_disambiguation_pages","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Redirects_to_disambiguation_pages-Links_to_disambiguation_pages","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Visualizing_links_to_disambiguation_pages-Links_to_disambiguation_pages","replies":[]}]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-See_also","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notes","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-External_links_2","replies":[]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.075"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.945","walltime":"1.179","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6520,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":180841,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":19563,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":57,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":115748,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 900.842 1 -total"," 23.33% 210.209 35 Template:Shortcut"," 18.56% 167.184 5 Template:Sidebar"," 14.82% 133.529 3 Template:Helpbox"," 13.59% 122.442 1 Template:Guideline_list"," 12.04% 108.446 1 Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines"," 7.71% 69.428 1 Template:Subcat_guideline"," 6.80% 61.291 1 Template:Ombox"," 5.63% 50.689 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.50% 40.566 1 Template:Pp-semi-indef"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.462","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4848725,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-78fc6dc798-b5bfk","timestamp":"20241121055117","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>