CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136b7a63c6a5f3c',cH: 'I7I3q56z4zTUqWi9JJIlaRf4OfjpY2lk8Z.atmqnP5c-1739805164-1.2.1.1-3rxYSnTiMX1fcAIQall3QNt5eZKxiv.J8TLRRofMZpV9yTXGDpEkXAYwIc86O00_',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=critical%20capillary%20number&__cf_chl_tk=fsmz15mHDSyjLVjGdaj3RFI92.Jv32E1numF_OVVNWo-1739805164-1.0.1.1-B0meZg_zVaXQKhTDI8fLAwKz2Kxw2_Is0cI8_Z7dgac",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739805164',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=critical%20capillary%20number&__cf_chl_f_tk=fsmz15mHDSyjLVjGdaj3RFI92.Jv32E1numF_OVVNWo-1739805164-1.0.1.1-B0meZg_zVaXQKhTDI8fLAwKz2Kxw2_Is0cI8_Z7dgac",md: "StDam.9s9.UfqcOfpNrEivD2Qq_EJPgPxIh5TYPjc3o-1739805164-1.2.1.1-DnWi9M4yCwquXup.L3z5ebjE9K.EoLRZASeC7fbH7ZWZbtq0qNF_wQ0Li5tmnUllmJMfDGfD1dTavrSTZGC2tQukyF7Dm5lBLhlQtP16v6Lg8YbJZQuBJ16OUWh1MQI3AjShecW9.CAZRvUDXTc7zFoYyD40Jt2.e4LMirl4KnVcsv7jtiUEc.cvLnexwffLcIU96mPSC903PQmcr4LoeIn71ZfqY6vfOo2dta39.aQY71MEtVYhXHTWHzeDbEjpsFAP_GxikeU5ghFClsb8T4kkL38GKnfAE1pbFGsh2EsuPgxYyybD9IivWIHYaO4LXKENfQ6nEs2iJwxCBGKt9hoYOfW4ddRGaEnjAgm4xbDnImsLQ.hap8QTZthH3gm4p8LnYqVn9urnbM02b09G0VQ2sSxJBOyGAUVEL8VorZbGUlHWV5D3NuPFAHU6Lf9sO9oYJREdstcioCRJJTpZVrr9KvVyArbHU0qnhvWk.JhMfIqeMtKsozX5C6a38ur1GWs4u4MRCFLS3V3bv0664678WF8opGbhQkDMP18ie4qm_Y_9AHBNvoM5HIM.wWENAFA09phdFeweVkABINqjiy4EMd6oluj9DinQAwz_NmlJz5TmEutbHZC6yTMsWo2Yj91A2XkMSfM.0rXoOxLjvsv783OoG6snpMK3IDBceFhuoArnKJKbD1KSjkkYlRQ_J0pkubJ6pVxH_SoPVRtJP28IsrIY9hrxYbbbHRJ1y9MH8kbA3eKH80UyBNkU298Le0wwULAXYydHme737iSP7ibi1seRUvIv5VFK1Ry42Jola4bBiF7WrWdWShXNoL9k0a9LWI4u7vwxlQJ7Y0BMX1Vsajt8gKL3ME2V7TsH_V1BYO.FwGwfNHU.0byrAkWuQJ_3JON0R95A26orWMF_NPF1F7zGPqF8YKhSysx_wlCCUif4_SAjvMcCIdgX1HQZbrXzZCb1ge0jZDAQE.Ev.Z.yCOi7S0opxjs6pBhdbg9QBYdvd1vneewDR0FKyPkRLMn_CnNqdMmoMno4phJ.drfSNoTFqGqfIqT8hyqmuG2JmCRLwP2Zde_XswRwAoEBS3RkJFhFDuXpLl8AUkgMj0QMrg3B9P9kROyfXO5SFtiuEKZvChtzN2JzccQhBPzLtFDKD9VyskkLbORCo5_g1HYXN0HbPEs0OXawJiAhVPzoYzfrkIFztdRn6ZiuC0uCszAHsvmi_pRGfp8.MgI4vaCmQbgKm1AfMqh7Nl31OXxPUQsDlQd_6OHgBXhNHMa.2G9IZBoNdWEIg1TtUuMN1ak22Z_9Ou4Kz4tKOBa1e7EhKppxa5mQN5WXrO9mpEMl0yyilTGFTBdoTm66FNVx1IlkHsXT.fK15hCiqcVXJ8QD3hrqwlSlS2gMrchY47Avz9ukhvq4sxtsXtWWuEHpY566bvPVT6aoNzA1Y14DLYTcfjkP9QJzhZfABa7ZJanSZDZ8S8dsYQcd2ZEssGd9ci1rpa5HKwSYWhgvaxwXMg2HF7uHmXaPcJNZS4l2nN1WvDZQR3ppJAJBdRDDgRzsaK4FILIF5LD4gu_Lxp4fMJpcBvzJQESDN357UKv8uetRNa.CyMFZ.guyJWzz9_CKzyBs0sHKLtjH9YqEC28TItX83PrbhrZv0XNf6j2iJEWaz3DcsP9RdGJVwphPd6PJRkAhQhLwk.lEJThqBLVcEBwKD9hkFwAjbl6o_uztED59mbT1sGyav9YyQZOYRufCdUVdol9yMRefQJzy1cpZ2C8GCYATkf.gIir8Ql6Cdkzt5G65XJzOfmeGZlZLu3lP4cC0knU0ZwScTLudxAG2XOO_92f4qe5ZKrh.uzkFfRyOZI1Nitz1NRM1X32t.gliLznnSrnkgetKy0G0UQWjHpW85dMqYO5LzOJEtsKErfQQcJzG9ItXjziyYAAHMOGEO8rnRvuDiKKlfUIU4kg7VsARb_FBHi33c.NZb93Y.IUOGfKnop6MAGNjMsGgXTYoag",mdrd: "pN8h.mpV2k5I8Vw.vIbdiM_DTvE9bEzNxeirAor2HoM-1739805164-1.2.1.1-V4ZT82k0jwY0yYCjcwk24biwV29RtlF_30ZzQlZSdBap6muxApusZA3coPP_8_py4pwnqCzHeyDTt.LsdrfJXJprxV8j91IkHyd4V6.HH2KHmv0kTchFtTNlK3DclHZDQTqcC4dQRwhJ8wBzhwrveHLkzKxujGvu5o7LvVw7UCU1EKyyYCxZ_7pKjbJl6LiFUtI8Wn5FMRD1mOXiMwIU5EHQ6g47nDsa6ruExLoXRDkcEW8I3u2SSPFKlZbz5_a5USKAJXlPwBx7y.ch_3VOAMGQUh6tyM4zTb1g_CtcJsJ2yY6N4w57pdd4calwpztIzw3kSUEAC7FvznplsPU8AbS7vSKMBn5B360nuYxlmkogrT3hrMeP0MvYoSzWkDmYzah2LoD2AFGEX5xU31qjiJ20tpGkqw5xTMAb8XLTglk2GD1Wzem6up9KoIf3NJi3aAD3LsQ10VlXLy5kR9d6SRzftHRC5nYniVVFn7mrJYR6y2V2bZP1lqZ3F4JLQgdNDTIjQul5TdZ0JB7g6NUWBHiLv.xFZeFrwi6rQLM0..rdww.t11FVyyXMOzD7xvwDFpy92ZAqK.jfiQNww0ZlG.DFWzSzQiI.QNUYnbcumEsQK0jGxR9V.bwBLPubUJW5_r9GL47e6pI7p0aJyRWDVuexq8Vegtsj.MXXPXevfTJb.QXLlJSIHk7OnCE0zcwhlVg.7Do783VxwwhEepEndTEwiafjik6VBbgu2yzrOggXyfUGKm3bnmQfT2ilvqaL5xkWMbCkctmbC.Qn1c9AgEQueHQ_HiFWkzW3OM5VyzOoDwXoe98sl46F8BSLfbOeb3pbjvdTROTilbg1QUcPRAdxAwgX2fj.c2d3JjzJn0RxWedU5YgyuP964GJLnlmBTSLm_UwhmnKd5x0kjG.8xfC09JPbwexWEBH89GKT9aoi8TbDFEYX77eoAx39gB27LacUwcBCVX66HFrrYhbSfkDgqUZwYBjSqflpN3N4B.BQBFfJ.olH7MPX0rILm75g0lZwyEPqd5r7zgG5CddcCgU9SjkbIJlnR2382KCTqbniYBFXKBZX5kJb4efruqMD.gTptIuYMuFkftY9UMpjcCB7Fz_ax2z83K3TCqVq6XMwP_XgvMD0YJjbH8qyGsNvznlxNpZLm7ubVftYi4zJndWLmCGROc.HDN_PBT1f_m7zcEdP.ShxaLrK3Kc0vjzUM9vfHy5miwRiVKkuLSDrNXI3S2D72F1Dst_G8stAkmJp3BQ.CCNXYKAzGdA60lHXkGwn7njZqvYVFrOuEaY76NlCJ5zjqr.nW7VteC.5EEIxRZNQjEpgV8diI6mFjgG43frY2tOXk2jtCrH_aNIMKH3vA5B7ngE0WZc8hRstHJuo5saIOHOjdx3kPX44XOlI71mQbNio7B52uIa6tx3las9C2T87LitEodxoSIIi4VSyYAszYllKxB8GXWtOypHrWQnWbXJvCkBNKZCPqlI8yymTQlgu_dJkkdxKTk1i_bV.bIIGzpUnRNiJ_t5jGw7gP8m3zlmfGQrdpNwAeVhYfiatAhRhwfBt2c.3ZztWILh69yWkBhZLZ_9QOpZSj5c7Qk4r0A7HIsKg9UXeuTHThnc4VlxBznNV0y5gkGy_cEEULj10YvhWkOVzWDq0HP04XxXGRAEdeva3LkoEcUCKLV6HOaXJ3Ec7OkJvgMuqXTFcfT3QCAmCu1Ajm0oi1lcBDCEzf5lYnZzsvZ1q24TJZzvg0sCiWB2PTB5jI9dWqPWzDKYj4GeIrYlg2cUT8T96rvWSdLOX.124cGrN1nRPvv2Ukl8ZgQhDbB4Q4yYnlNaocQe_M.S77yuauEUfqLxXZSvsZNxzGvH8ykI6jePmqD17LERR6G57_NqS93g5Z59CIbMRK5IFZKYTX4p8mwNa22WuE5RVP3SQiR8yDqp3dqqWHYKQ4jfG0E9qzHZ04VEeXIMmOaekoKHCknOCqIMpIYsl33UExfRzHOvqdEk57g"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136b7a63c6a5f3c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=critical%20capillary%20number&__cf_chl_rt_tk=fsmz15mHDSyjLVjGdaj3RFI92.Jv32E1numF_OVVNWo-1739805164-1.0.1.1-B0meZg_zVaXQKhTDI8fLAwKz2Kxw2_Is0cI8_Z7dgac" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>