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aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mazmunı" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mazmunı</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">qaptal panelge kóshiriw</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">jasırıw</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirisiw</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tariyxi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tariyxi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Tariyxi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tariyxi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Tariyxi kishi bólimdi ashıw/jabıw </button> <ul id="toc-Tariyxi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baslanǵısh_tariyx_(1139—1415)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baslanǵısh_tariyx_(1139—1415)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Baslanǵısh tariyx (1139—1415) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baslanǵısh_tariyx_(1139—1415)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birinshi_imperiya_(1415—1663)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birinshi_imperiya_(1415—1663)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Birinshi imperiya (1415—1663) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birinshi_imperiya_(1415—1663)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afrika_arqalı_boylap_dáslepki_sayaxatlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrika_arqalı_boylap_dáslepki_sayaxatlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Afrika arqalı boylap dáslepki sayaxatlar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afrika_arqalı_boylap_dáslepki_sayaxatlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tordesillas_shártnaması_(1494)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tordesillas_shártnaması_(1494)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.2 Tordesillas shártnaması (1494) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tordesillas_shártnaması_(1494)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugallardin'_Hind_okeanına_kiriwi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugallardin'_Hind_okeanına_kiriwi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 Portugallardin' Hind okeanına kiriwi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugallardin'_Hind_okeanına_kiriwi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aziya,_Afrika_hám_Hind_okeanında_teńiz_sawdası" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aziya,_Afrika_hám_Hind_okeanında_teńiz_sawdası"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 Aziya, Afrika hám Hind okeanında teńiz sawdası </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aziya,_Afrika_hám_Hind_okeanında_teńiz_sawdası-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Goa,_Perishteka_hám_Qublası_-Arqa_Aziya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goa,_Perishteka_hám_Qublası_-Arqa_Aziya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.1 Goa, Perishteka hám Qublası -Arqa Aziya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goa,_Perishteka_hám_Qublası_-Arqa_Aziya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qıtay_hám_Yaponiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qıtay_hám_Yaponiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.2 Qıtay hám Yaponiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qıtay_hám_Yaponiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tatımlıqlar_atawları_(Maluku)_hám_Saragosa_shártnaması" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatımlıqlar_atawları_(Maluku)_hám_Saragosa_shártnaması"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.3 Tatımlıqlar atawları (Maluku) hám Saragosa shártnaması </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatımlıqlar_atawları_(Maluku)_hám_Saragosa_shártnaması-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qubla_Aziya,_Parsı_qoltıqı_hám_Qızıl_teńiz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qubla_Aziya,_Parsı_qoltıqı_hám_Qızıl_teńiz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.4 Qubla Aziya, Parsı qoltıqı hám Qızıl teńiz </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qubla_Aziya,_Parsı_qoltıqı_hám_Qızıl_teńiz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sahra_Kábirden_qubladaǵı_aymaqlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sahra_Kábirden_qubladaǵı_aymaqlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.5 Sahra Kábirden qubladaǵı aymaqlar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sahra_Kábirden_qubladaǵı_aymaqlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missionerlik_ekspediciyaları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missionerlik_ekspediciyaları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.6 Missionerlik ekspediciyaları </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missionerlik_ekspediciyaları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerikada_kolonizatorlik_háreketleri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerikada_kolonizatorlik_háreketleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5 Amerikada kolonizatorlik háreketleri </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerikada_kolonizatorlik_háreketleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kanada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5.1 Kanada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Braziliya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Braziliya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5.2 Braziliya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Braziliya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iberiya_birlespesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iberiya_birlespesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.6 Iberiya birlespesi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iberiya_birlespesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekinshi_imperiya_(1663—1822)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekinshi_imperiya_(1663—1822)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Ekinshi imperiya (1663—1822) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekinshi_imperiya_(1663—1822)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minas-Jerais_hám_altın_sanaatı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minas-Jerais_hám_altın_sanaatı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Minas-Jerais hám altın sanaatı </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minas-Jerais_hám_altın_sanaatı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Braziliya_ǵárezsizligi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Braziliya_ǵárezsizligi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Braziliya ǵárezsizligi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Braziliya_ǵárezsizligi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Úshinshi_imperiya_(1822—1999_)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Úshinshi_imperiya_(1822—1999_)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Úshinshi imperiya (1822—1999 ) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Úshinshi_imperiya_(1822—1999_)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Britaniya_ultimatumi_hám_Portugaliya_monarxiyasining_tawısıwı_(1890—1910_)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britaniya_ultimatumi_hám_Portugaliya_monarxiyasining_tawısıwı_(1890—1910_)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Britaniya ultimatumi hám Portugaliya monarxiyasining tawısıwı (1890—1910 ) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britaniya_ultimatumi_hám_Portugaliya_monarxiyasining_tawısıwı_(1890—1910_)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birinshi_jáhán_urısı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birinshi_jáhán_urısı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Birinshi jáhán urısı </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birinshi_jáhán_urısı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dekolonizatsiya_(1951—1999_)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dekolonizatsiya_(1951—1999_)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 Dekolonizatsiya (1951—1999 ) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dekolonizatsiya_(1951—1999_)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miyraslar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miyraslar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Miyraslar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miyraslar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derekler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derekler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Derekler </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derekler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ádebiyatlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ádebiyatlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Ádebiyatlar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ádebiyatlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siltemeler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siltemeler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Siltemeler </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siltemeler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mazmunı" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mazmunlar dizimin ashıw/jabıw" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Mazmunlar dizimin ashıw/jabıw </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Portugaliya Imperiyası</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Basqa tildegi maqalaǵa ótiń. 79 tilde bar" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" > 79 til </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugese_Ryk" title="Portugese Ryk – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Portugese Ryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإمبراطورية البرتغالية – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورية البرتغالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_Portugu%C3%A9s" title="Imperiu Portugués – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu Portugués" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuqaliya_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Portuqaliya imperiyası – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portuqaliya imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="پورتوقال ایمپیراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پورتوقال ایمپیراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%96" title="Калоніі Партугаліі – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калоніі Партугаліі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалска империя – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Португалска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="পর্তুগিজ সাম্রাজ্য – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্তুগিজ সাম্রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaeriezh_trevadennel_Portugal" title="Impalaeriezh trevadennel Portugal – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaeriezh trevadennel Portugal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Portugu%C3%A8s" title="Imperi Portuguès – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Portuguès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ئیمپڕاتۆریەتی پورتوگالی – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپڕاتۆریەتی پورتوگالی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A1_koloni%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Portugalská koloniální říše – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portugalská koloniální říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_portugisiske_koloniimperium" title="Det portugisiske koloniimperium – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det portugisiske koloniimperium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugiesische_Kolonialgeschichte" title="Portugiesische Kolonialgeschichte – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portugiesische Kolonialgeschichte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αυτοκρατορία της Πορτογαλίας – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτοκρατορία της Πορτογαλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Portuguese Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugala_kolonia_imperio" title="Portugala kolonia imperio – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portugala kolonia imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_portugu%C3%A9s" title="Imperio portugués – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio portugués" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugali_koloniaalimpeerium" title="Portugali koloniaalimpeerium – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portugali koloniaalimpeerium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaldar_Inperioa" title="Portugaldar Inperioa – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Portugaldar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="امپراتوری پرتغال – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری پرتغال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalin_siirtomaat" title="Portugalin siirtomaat – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Portugalin siirtomaat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_colonial_portugais" title="Empire colonial portugais – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire colonial portugais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Portugu%C3%A9s" title="Imperio Portugués – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Portugués" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daular_Portuguese" title="Daular Portuguese – хауса тілі" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Daular Portuguese" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%92%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה הפורטוגזית – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה הפורטוגזית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पुर्तगाली साम्राज्य – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुर्तगाली साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsko_kolonijalno_carstvo" title="Portugalsko kolonijalno carstvo – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portugalsko kolonijalno carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anpi_kolonyal_p%C3%B2tig%C3%A8" title="Anpi kolonyal pòtigè – гаити тілі" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Anpi kolonyal pòtigè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C3%A1l_Birodalom" title="Portugál Birodalom – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portugál Birodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պորտուգալական կայսրություն – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտուգալական կայսրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Portugal" title="Imperium Portugal – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Imperium Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%BAgalska_heimsveldi%C3%B0" title="Portúgalska heimsveldið – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Portúgalska heimsveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_portoghese" title="Impero portoghese – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero portoghese" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">İtaliano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="ポルトガル海上帝国 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポルトガル海上帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EA%B0%88_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="포르투갈 제국 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포르투갈 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Portugallense" title="Imperium Portugallense – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Portugallense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ຈັກກະວັດປອກຕຸຍການ – лаос тілі" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈັກກະວັດປອກຕຸຍການ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalijos_kolonijin%C4%97_imperija" title="Portugalijos kolonijinė imperija – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Portugalijos kolonijinė imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C4%81les_koloni%C4%81l%C4%81_imp%C4%93rija" title="Portugāles koloniālā impērija – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Portugāles koloniālā impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Португалско Царство – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Португалско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पोर्तुगीज साम्राज्य – маратхи тілі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोर्तुगीज साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Portugal" title="Empayar Portugal – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A9rio_Pertu%C3%A9s" title="Ampério Pertués – миранд тілі" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ampério Pertués" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="миранд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="ပေါ်တူဂီ အင်ပါယာ – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပေါ်တူဂီ အင်ပါယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugese_Rijk" title="Portugese Rijk – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portugese Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_portugisiske_imperiet" title="Det portugisiske imperiet – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det portugisiske imperiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_portugisiske_imperiet" title="Det portugisiske imperiet – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det portugisiske imperiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Portugu%C3%A9s" title="Empèri Portugués – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Empèri Portugués" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_portugalskie" title="Imperium portugalskie – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imperium portugalskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="پرتگیزی سلطنت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرتگیزی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Portugu%C3%AAs" title="Império Português – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Português" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_colonial_portughez" title="Imperiul colonial portughez – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul colonial portughez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Колонии Португалии – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колонии Португалии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A8riu_portughesu" title="Impèriu portughesu – сардин тілі" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Impèriu portughesu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire – шотланд тілі" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Portuguese Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsko_kolonijalno_carstvo" title="Portugalsko kolonijalno carstvo – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Portugalsko kolonijalno carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="පෘතුගීසි අධිරාජ්‍යය – сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෘතුගීසි අධිරාජ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Portuguese Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Portugalská ríša – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Portugalská ríša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalski_imperij" title="Portugalski imperij – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Portugalski imperij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimintooyada_Burtugaal" title="Rimintooyada Burtugaal – сомали тілі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rimintooyada Burtugaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Portugeze" title="Perandoria Portugeze – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Portugeze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsko_carstvo" title="Portugalsko carstvo – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Portugalsko carstvo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugisiska_imperiet" title="Portugisiska imperiet – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portugisiska imperiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="போர்த்துகல் பேரரசு – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போர்த்துகல் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรวรรดิโปรตุเกส – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิโปรตุเกส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portekiz_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Portekiz İmparatorluğu – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portekiz İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_wa_Maputukezi" title="Mfumo wa Maputukezi – тсонга тілі" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mfumo wa Maputukezi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="тсонга тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%87%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="پورتۇگالىيە ئىمپېرىيىسى – ұйғыр тілі" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پورتۇگالىيە ئىمپېرىيىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ұйғыр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Португальська імперія – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Португальська імперія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="پرتگیزی سلطنت – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرتگیزی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliya_imperiyasi" title="Portugaliya imperiyasi – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Portugaliya imperiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_B%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%C3%A0o_Nha" title="Đế quốc Bồ Đào Nha – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Bồ Đào Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="葡萄牙帝国 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="葡萄牙帝国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="პორტუგალიაშ კოლონიეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პორტუგალიაშ კოლონიეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙帝國 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葡萄牙帝國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙帝國 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葡萄牙帝國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200464#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tiller aralıq siltemelerdi redaktorlaw" class="wbc-editpage">Siltemelerdi redaktorlaw</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Atamalar kópligi"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=zh-mo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-MO" label="中文（澳門） ‪(zh-mo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Portugal_(1750).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png/220px-Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png/330px-Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png/440px-Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Portugal_(1830%E2%80%931910).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Portugaliya Imperiyası (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lang-pt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lang-pt (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Império Português</a>), sonıń menen birge tariyxta Portugaliya Kolonizatorlıq Imperiyası (Império Colonial Português) degen at penen belgili bolǵan bul mámleket házirgi <a href="/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya">Portugaliyadan</a> tısqarı dúnyanıń túrli bóleklerinde jaylasqan bir neshe úlken <a href="/wiki/Koloniya" title="Koloniya">koloniyalardı</a> óz ishine alǵan. Bul imperiya <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evropadaǵı</a> «eń uzaq ómir kórgen» mámleketlerden biri bolıp, 1415-jılı <a href="/wiki/Arqa_Afrika" title="Arqa Afrika">Arqa Afrikadaǵı</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sueta_ur%C4%B1s%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sueta urısı (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Sueta urısınan</a> baslap tap 1999-jılı <a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makao</a> suverenitetiniń <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay" title="Qıtay">Qıtayǵa</a> tapsırılǵanına shekem derlik altı ásir dawamında bar boldı. Imperiyaǵa XV ásirde tiykar salınǵan bolıp, XVI ásir basınan <a href="/wiki/Arqa_Amerika" title="Arqa Amerika">Arqa</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Qubla_Amerika" title="Qubla Amerika">Qubla Amerika</a>,<a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>,<a href="/wiki/Aziya" title="Aziya">Aziya</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Okeaniya" title="Okeaniya">Okeaniyanıń</a> túrli regionların óz ishine alıp, aymaǵın keńeytip barǵan<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>. Portugaliya Imperiyasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull%C4%B1_geografiyal%C4%B1q_ash%C4%B1l%C4%B1wlar_d%C3%A1wiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ullı geografiyalıq ashılıwlar dáwiri (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Ullı geografiyalıq ashılıwlar dáwirinde</a> payda boldı hám Portugaliya patshalıǵınıń kúsh hám qúdireti nátiyjesinde dúnyanıń kóp bólimlerin ózine boysındırıwǵa eristi. Portugal teńizshileri 1418—1419-jıllarda <a href="/wiki/Kartografiya" title="Kartografiya">kartografiya</a> hám teńizshilik tarawlarınıń sońǵı jetiskenliklerinen paydalana otırıp, tatımlıqlar sawdası hám koloniya aymaqlardı tabıw ushın jańa teńiz jolların tabıw maqsetinde qurǵaqlıqların hám <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantikal%C4%B1q_okean%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantikalıq okeanı (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Atlantikalıq okeanı</a> arxipelaglarini izertlewdi basladılar.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1488-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1488-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1488-jılde</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartholom%C3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartholomä (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Bartolomeu Dias</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaqs%C4%B1_%C3%BAmit_burni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaqsı úmit burni (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Jaqsı úmit burnini</a> aylanıp shıqtı hám <a href="/w/index.php?title=1498-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1498-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1498-jılde</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasco_de_Gama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasco de Gama (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">vasco de Gama</a><a href="/wiki/Hindstan" title="Hindstan">Hindstanga</a> jetip keldi. 1500-jılda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Alvares_Kabral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Alvares Kabral (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Pedro Alvares Kabral</a> basshılıǵında <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliya</a> arqalı jańalıq ashıldı. Keyingi on jıllıqlar dawamında portugal teńizshileri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arqa_Aziya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arqa Aziya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Arqa Aziya</a> arqalı hám atawların úyreniwdi dawam ettirdilar, qorǵanlar júzege keliw etdiler. 1571-jılǵa kelip, Afrika,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaq%C4%B1n_Sh%C4%B1%C7%B5%C4%B1s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaqın Shıǵıs (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Jaqın Shıǵıs</a>, Hindstan hám <a href="/wiki/Qubla_Aziya" title="Qubla Aziya">Qubla Aziya</a> arqalı boylap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissabon (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Lissabonni</a> <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasakimenen</a> baylanıstırǵan bir qatar teńiz postlari vujudga keltirildi. Bul sawda tarmaǵı hám koloniyalar daǵı sawda Portugaliyanıń jan basına tuwrı keletuǵın tabısınıń beshdan bir bólegin tashkil etip, Portugaliya ekonomikalıq ósiwine (1500—1800) sezilerli unamlı tásir kórsetdi. 1580-jılda Ispaniya patshası <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filipp_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filipp II (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Filipp II</a> Portugaliya patshalıǵı tojini qolǵa kirgizgeninen keyin, keyinirek tariyxshunoslikda Iberiya birlespei atı menen atalǵan Ispaniya hám Portugaliya ortasında 60 jıllıq birlespe baslandı. Ispaniya patshası bir waqtıniń ózinde Portugaliya patshası bolǵanlıǵı sebepli, Portugaliya koloniyalari Ispaniyaǵa dushpan bolǵan ush Evropa kúshleri: Gollandiya Respublikası, Angliya hám Fransiya tárepinen kóplegen hújimlerge dus keldi. Xalqı basqalarǵa salıstırǵanda kemrek bolǵan Portugaliya óziniń hádden tıs keńeytirilgen sawda tarmaǵın nátiyjeli qorǵaw ete almadı hám imperiya az-azdan páseńlewge júz tuta basladı. Oxir-aqıbet, Braziliya, imperiya ekinshi dáwirdiń (1663—1825) eń bahalı koloniyası, XIX ásirdiń baslarında Amerika kontinentin qamtıp alǵan ǵárezsizlik háreketi tolqını nátiyjesinde 1822-jıl Portugaliyadan ǵárezsiz bólek mámleketke aylandı. Imperiyaning úshinshi dáwiri 1820 -jıllarda Braziliya ǵárezsizlikke eriskennen keyin portugal kolonizatorlıǵınıń juwmaqlawshı basqıshın óz ishine aladı. Sol waqıtlarǵa kelip Afrika arqalı, Portugaliya Timorı, Portugaliya Hindstanı hám Portugaliya Makaosında plantatsiya xojalıqları kemeytirildi. 1890 -jıldaǵı Britaniya ultimatumi Afrika daǵı portugal ambitsiyalarining qısqarıwına alıp keldi. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tariyxi">Tariyxi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Tariyxi bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Tariyxi">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baslanǵısh_tariyx_(1139—1415)">Baslanǵısh tariyx (1139—1415)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baslanǵısh tariyx (1139—1415) bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Baslanǵısh tariyx (1139—1415)">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta,_s.XV.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG/220px-Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG/330px-Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG/440px-Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2937" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=1415-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1415-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1415-jılde</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seuta (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Seutadıń</a> jawlap alıw etiliwine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sort%C4%B1gator_Genrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sortıgator Genrix (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Sortıgator Genrix</a> basshılıq etken hám Portugaliya imperiyasiga tiykar salǵan. </figcaption></figure> Portugaliya patshalıǵına rekonkista, yaǵnıy Pireney yarım atawınıń Al-Andalus arablaridan az-azdan qaytarıp alınıwı waqtında tiykar salınǵan<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius301-4">[4]</a>. 1139 -jılda ózin bólek korollıǵılıq retinde járiyalaǵannan keyin, Portugaliya <a href="/w/index.php?title=1249-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1249-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1249-jılde</a> Algarvega shekem jetip barıp, Al-Andalus aymaǵın qayta basıp alıwdı derlik juwmaqladi, biraq 1411-jılda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aylon_sh%C3%A1rtnamas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aylon shártnaması (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Aylon shártnaması</a> imzolanmaguncha onıń ǵárezsizligi qońsılas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kastiliya_h%C3%A1m_Leon_patshaligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kastiliya hám Leon patshaligi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Kastiliya</a> tárepinen abay astında qaldı<a href="#cite_note-Newitt2005_p15-17-5">[5]</a>. Suverinitetiga iye bolǵan hám basqa Evropa mámleketleri urıslarına qatnaspaǵan Portugaliya itibarın shet aymaqlarǵa hám Arqa Afrikanıń musulman jerlerine bolatuǵın áskeriy ekspediciyaǵa qaratdi<a href="#cite_note-Newitt19-6">[6]</a>. Portugallarning Arqa Afrika daǵı Marinid sultanlıǵına (házirgi Marokash) hújim etiwleri ushın bir neshe múmkinshiligıy sebepler bar edi. Áwele bul hújim Islamǵa qarsı xristian atanaq júriwin dawam ettiriw múmkinshiligi retinde qaraldi, áskeriy klasqa urıs maydanında dańq hám húrmet hám urıs oljaların wáde etdi, hám aqır-aqıbetde, bul Portugaliya sawdasın keńeytiw hám Portugaliyanıń ekonomikalıq páseńlewin sheshiw múmkinshiligi edi. 1415-jılda Arqa Afrikanıń Orta jer teńizi boyında jaylasqan strategiyalıq áhmiyetke iye,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahras%C4%B1_%C3%9Alken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahrası Úlken (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Sahrası Úlkendagi</a> altın hám qul sawdasınıń tiykarǵı portlarınan biri bolǵan musulman qalası <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seuta (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Seutaga</a> hújim etildi. Seuta iyelenishi áskeriy muvafaqqiyat edi hám Portugaliyanıń <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pireney_yar%C4%B1m_ataw%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pireney yarım atawı (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Pireney yarım atawıden</a> tısqarına keńeyiwindegi dáslepki qádemlerden biri boldı<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>. Biraq tez arada qalanı qamal etken musulman kúshlerine qarsı qorǵaw Portugallarga qımbatqa tústi<a href="#cite_note-Newitt21-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birinshi_imperiya_(1415—1663)">Birinshi imperiya (1415—1663)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Birinshi imperiya (1415—1663) bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Birinshi imperiya (1415—1663)">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> Portugaliya bul dáwirde Atlantikalıq okeanında jańa jerlerdi jańalıq ashıw menen gúmira boldı. Bul siyasattiń tiykarǵı tárepdarı Seutanı qolǵa kirgiziwde qatnasqan hám 1460 -jılda opatına shekem Portugaliyanıń teńiz izertlewlerin targ'ib qılıw hám finanslashda jetekshi rol oynaǵan Sortıgator Infante Dom Genri edi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius56-10">[10]</a>. Sol payıtlarda evropalıqlar Afrika qirg'og'idagi Cape Bojadordan keyin ne bar ekenin biliwmegen. Genri Afrika daǵı musulmanlar aymaǵı qanshellilik keńeygenin hám teńiz arqalı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziya_m%C3%A1mleketleri_dizimi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziya mámleketleri dizimi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Aziyaga</a> jetip barıw múmkinbe yamasa joq ekenligin biliwdi istardi<a href="#cite_note-Anderson50-11">[11]</a>. Onıń qáwenderligi astında tez arada Atlantikalıq okeanı daǵı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madeyra (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Madeyra</a> (1419 ) hám <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azor_atawlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azor atawlari (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Azor atawlariga</a> (1427) jetip keldi hám Portugaliya kirip qılıw ushın biyday islep shıǵara basladı<a href="#cite_note-Coates60-12">[12]</a>. [[File:Caminho maritimo para a India.png|thumb|left|300 px| <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend-line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legend-line (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">green solid 2 px|Pêro de Covilhã hám Afonso de Paivaning 1487-1488-jıllardagi Adenga ulıwma jolı (jasıl )</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend-line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legend-line (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">orange solid 2 px|Covilhãning 1489 -1490 -jıllardagi jolı (apelsin reń)</a> [[legend-line|blue solid 2 px|Covilhãning 1490 -1530 -jıllardagi <a href="/wiki/Efiopiya" title="Efiopiya">Efiopiyaga</a> sayaxatı (kók) ]] [[legend-line|black solid 2 px|<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasco_de_Gama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasco de Gama (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">vasco de Gamadıń</a> 1497-1499 -jıldagi sayaxatı (qara ) ]] ]] Portugallarning tiykarǵı maqseti kolonizatorlik yamasa qaraqshılıq emes, bálki sawda edi. Tez arada onıń kemeleri Evropa bazarına qımbat bahalı altın, pıl súyeki, qálempir, paxta, qumsheker hám qullarni alıp keliwdi basladı. Qul sawdası, mısalı, Lissabonda bir neshe o'nlab sawdagerler tárepinen ámelge asırılǵan. Sawda jolların keńeytiw processinde portugal teńiz sayaxatshıları Afrikanıń belgisiz bólimlerin kartaǵa túsiriwdi hám Hind okeanın úyreniwdi basladılar. Pero de Kovilho 1487-jılda Hindstanǵa arab hám hindlar menen birge ekspedidtsiya uyushtirishga háreket etdi hám Efiopiyaǵa jetip bardı. Onıń lekciyası Lissabonda qızıǵıwshılıq menen qarsılandi<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Afrika_arqalı_boylap_dáslepki_sayaxatlar">Afrika arqalı boylap dáslepki sayaxatlar</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Afrika arqalı boylap dáslepki sayaxatlar bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=4" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Afrika arqalı boylap dáslepki sayaxatlar">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> 1443-jılda Genrixning úkesi hám korollıǵılıqtıń waqıtsha patshahi Infante Dom Pedro Genrixga Cape Bojador qublaındaǵı jerlerde urıs hám sawda jumısların basqarıwdı tapsırdi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius68-14">[14]</a>. Keyinirek papalikning Quyrıq Diversas hám Romanus Pontifex qararları menen jańa ashılǵan jerlerde jekke hákimshilik Portugaliyaǵa berilgen<a href="#cite_note-Daus33-15">[15]</a>. Jańa jerlerdiń jańalıq ashılıwın tezlestirgen úlken tabıs Xv ásirdiń ortalarında Evropada sol waqıtta basqa kemelerge qaraǵanda samalǵa qarsı juretuǵın karavellaning engiziliwi edi<a href="#cite_note-Boxer29-16">[16]</a>. Bul jańa teńiz texnologiyasınan paydalanǵan halda, portugal teńizshileri hár jıli ortasha bir dárejege kóterilip, qubla keńliklerge jetip barıwdi<a href="#cite_note-Russell-Wood1998_p9-17">[17]</a>. Portugallar <a href="/w/index.php?title=1445-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1445-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1445-jılde</a> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde">Kabo-Verde</a> yarım aralına keldiler<a href="#cite_note-Rodriguez79-18">[18]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg/220px-L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg/330px-L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg/440px-L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2519" data-file-height="3636" /></a><figcaption>Lázaro Luisning Batıs Afrika kartası (1563). São Jorge de Minaning Batıs Afrika daǵı qorǵan suwreti</figcaption></figure> Shet el degi birinshi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faktoriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faktoriya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">faktoriya</a> sawda posti <a href="/w/index.php?title=1445-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1445-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1445-jılde</a> <a href="/wiki/Mavritaniya" title="Mavritaniya">Mavritaniya</a> jaǵaındaǵı Arguin atawında musulman sawdagerlerdi tartıw hám Arqa Afrikada teńiz sayaxatları baǵdarlarında biznesti monopollashtirish ushın islengen. 1446 -jılda Alvaro Fernandes derlik házirgi <a href="/wiki/Syerra-Leone" title="Syerra-Leone">Syerra-Leonega</a> shekem basıp aldı hám 1460 -jıllarda Gvineya qoltıqına jetip bardı<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius469-19">[19]</a>.<a href="/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde">Kabo-Verde</a> atawları 1456 -jılda jańalıq ashılǵan hám 1462-jılda portugallar tárepinen iyelengen. Portugallar <a href="/w/index.php?title=1455-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1455-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1455-jılde</a> Madeyrada qumshekerqamishning keńeyiwi nátiyjesinde Sitsiliya hám Genuyalik máslahátshiler járdemi menen Evropada kem ushraytuǵın shirin tuzni islep shıǵarıwdı basladı. Qullar ayawsız isletilingen hám Madeyrada shetten alıp kelingen qullarning úlesi XvI asrga kelip ulıwma xalıqtıń 10 % ga jetken<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1480-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1480-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1480-jılga</a> kelip <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antverpen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antverpen (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Antverpende</a> Madeyra qumsheker sawdası menen shuǵıllanatuǵın jetpista keme bar edi. 1490 -jıllarga kelip Madeyra qumsheker islep shıǵarıw boyınsha Kiprdi artta qaldırdi<a href="#cite_note-Ponting482-21">[21]</a>. Bartolomeo Markionni sıyaqlı qumsheker sawdagerleriniń tabısı keleshektegi sayaxatlarǵa qarjı kirgiziwge járdem berdi<a href="#cite_note-Davis84-22">[22]</a>. 1469 -jılda shahzoda Genrix opatınan keyin hám Afrika daǵı izertlewlerdiń arzımas tabısı nátiyjesinde patsha Afonso v Gvineya qoltıqınıń bir bóleginde sawda júrgiziw huqıqın sawdager Fernao Gomesga berdi<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto232-23">[23]</a>. Bes jıl dawamında hár jıli qıraq boylap 100 milya (160 km) ni izertlew etken Gomes Gvineya qoltıqındaǵı atawlardı, atap aytqanda San-Tóbee hám Principi atawların jańalıq ashtı hám jergilikli xalıq ortasında gullep-jasnap atırǵan allyuvial altın sawdasın taptı, arab hám berber menen uchrashdi<a href="#cite_note-White138-24">[24]</a>. Elmina hám Portugaliya ortasındaǵı sawda on jıl dawamında o'sdi. Kastiliya miyrasxorlıǵı urısı waqtında Kastiliya flotı bul tabıslı sawdanı qadaǵalaw astına alıwǵa háreket etdi, biraq 1478-jılgi Gvineya jangida qatań jeńiliwge dus keldi, bul bolsa portugallarning bul aymaqtaǵı qadaǵalawın bekkem ornatdı. 1473-jılda Fernao Gomes Ekvatordı hám 1482-jılda Kongo dáryasın Diogo Kao boshchligidagi teńizshiler kesip ótti. Naǵız ózi ekspediciya waqtında portugallar birinshi ret Kongo patshalıǵına dus keldiler hám ol menen tez arada jaqsı baylanıslar ornatildi<a href="#cite_note-GannDuignan273-25">[25]</a>. 1485—1486 -jıllarda Cão házirgi Namibiya aymaǵına kiretuǵın Keyp Krossga ekspediciyasın dawam ettirdi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius156-26">[26]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Portuguese_Morocco.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Portuguese_Morocco.PNG/220px-Portuguese_Morocco.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Portuguese_Morocco.PNG/330px-Portuguese_Morocco.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Portuguese_Morocco.PNG/440px-Portuguese_Morocco.PNG 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Marokashdagi portugal múlki (1415-1769 )</figcaption></figure> 1488-jılda Bartolomeu Dias Afrikanıń qubla shetsinde jaylasqan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaqs%C4%B1_%C3%BAmit_burni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaqsı úmit burni (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Jaqsı úmit burnini</a> aylanıp shıqtı jáne bul Ptolemey dáwirinen berli Hind okeanı qurǵaqlıqqa tutasmaǵan degen qarawdıń nadurıs ekenligin tastıyıqladı<a href="#cite_note-Anderson59-27">[27]</a>. Bir waqtıniń ózinde qurǵaqlıq arqalı ekspediciyasın dawam ettirgen Pero de Kovilha Efiopiyaǵa jetip bardı hám Hindstanǵa teńiz jolı jańalıq ashılıwına júdá jaqın keldi. Portugaliyalıqlar Afrika qurǵaqlıqların úyrener ekenler, olar ózleriniń dawaların kórsetiwshi Portugaliya gerbine menen o'jılgan bir qatar tas xochlarni qaldırdilar, qorǵanlar hám sawda orayların qurdilar<a href="#cite_note-Newitt47-28">[28]</a>. Olar tiykarınan qul hám altın sawdası menen shuǵıllandılar. Portugaliya bir ásirden kóbirek waqıt dawamında Afrikanıń teńiz arqalı qul sawdası boyınsha jalǵızhukmronlikka iye bolıp, hár jıli 800 ge jaqın qullarni alıp ketiwgen. Olardıń kópshiligi Portugaliya paytaxtı Lissabonga alıp kelingen hám sol dáwirde paytaxtda qara tanli Afrikalıqlar xalıqtıń 10 payızın shólkemlestirgeni shama etiledi<a href="#cite_note-Anderson55-29">[29]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tordesillas_shártnaması_(1494)">Tordesillas shártnaması (1494)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Tordesillas shártnaması (1494) bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=5" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Tordesillas shártnaması (1494)">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> 1492-jılda <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbusdıń</a> Ispaniya ushın Aziya dep tahmin etińlegen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C5%84a_d%C3%BAnya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jańa dúnya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Jańa dúnyani</a> jańalıq ashıwı ispanlar hám portugallar ortasında tartıslarǵa alıp keldi<a href="#cite_note-McAlister73-75-30">[30]</a>. Olar oxir-aqıbet <a href="/w/index.php?title=1494-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1494-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1494-jılde</a> Tordesillas shártnaması arqalı óz-ara Evropadan shette bolǵan Jańa dúnyanı bóliwlab aldılar<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto165-31">[31]</a>. Biraq, sol waqıtta uzınlıqtı tuwrı ólshew múmkinshiligi bolmaǵanı ushın, anıq shegara eki mámleket tárepinen <a href="/w/index.php?title=1777-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1777-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1777-jılge</a> shekem bahsli bolıp kelgen<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius174-32">[32]</a>. Portugallar Diasning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaqs%C4%B1_%C3%BAmit_burni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaqsı úmit burni (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Jaqsı úmit burniga</a> etken sayaxatını dawam ettiriw ushın nege toǵız jıl kútiwgenin anıqlaw tariyxchilar arasında bahsli esaplanadı. Olardıń tahminiga kóre sırlı ekspediciyalar dawam ettirilgen<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius176-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boxer36-34">[34]</a>. Portugaliyanıń Aziyaǵa teńiz jolin tabıw sıyaqlı kóp jıllik maqsetine aqır-aqıbetde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasco_de_Gama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasco de Gama (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">vasco de Gama</a> komandirligidegi úlken ekspediciya aǵzaları eristi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius176_-185-35">[35]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portugallardin'_Hind_okeanına_kiriwi">Portugallardin' Hind okeanına kiriwi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Portugallardin' Hind okeanına kiriwi bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=6" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Portugallardin' Hind okeanına kiriwi">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasco_de_Gama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasco de Gama (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">vasco de Gama</a> ekspediciyası aǵzaları <a href="/w/index.php?title=1497-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1497-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1497-jılde</a> Portugaliyanı tark etip, Keypni aylanıp ótip hám <a href="/wiki/Arqa_Afrika" title="Arqa Afrika">Arqa Afrika</a> arqalı boylap dawam etdi. Onda jergilikli teńizshiler olardı Hind okeanı arqalı 1498-jıl may ayında Kalikutga baslap barıwdı. Sol tárzde teńiz arqalı Hindstanǵa jańa jol jańalıq ashıldı. Hindstanǵa ekinshi ekspediciyanı Kabral basshılıǵında teńizshiler ámelge asırıwdı. Olar da Atlantikalıq okeanı arqalı Hindstanǵa teńiz jolin ashıw maqset etiwgen edi. Biraq 1500-jılda Braziliya arqalına barıp túsiwdi hám sonday etip Braziliya jańalıq ashıldı. Bul, itimal, tosınarlı jańa ashılıw bolıp tabıladı, biraq shamalarǵa kóre, Portugaliyalıqlar <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliyadıń</a> bar ekenligin jasırınsha biliwgen hám ol Tordesilyas sızıǵında jaylasqan<a href="#cite_note-McAlister75-36">[36]</a>. Kabral Portugaliya patshaına bul jańa aymaqlardı Portugaliya múlkine aylandırıwdı usınıs etdi hám 1501-jıl hám 1503-jıllarda eki jańa ekspediciyalardı ámelge asırdı. Bul aymaqta úlken muǵdarda orman hám putaqshalar tapildi, biraq altın hám gúmis tabilǵan zatlıǵi portugallarni itibarın taǵı Hindstanǵa qaratıwına sebep boldı<a href="#cite_note-McAlister76-37">[37]</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1502-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1502-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1502-jılde</a> Hind okeanınıń keń aymaǵında sawda húkimranlıǵın qolǵa alıw, Portugaliya imperiyasining sawda kemelerin qaraqshılar hám raxip mámleketlerden qorǵaw ushın kartaz litsenziyalaw sistemasın jarattı<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius274,_320_-323-38">[38]</a>. Tristau de Kunya hám Afonso de Albukerke komandirligi astındaǵı portugal flotı <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1z%C4%B1l_te%C5%84iz" title="Qızıl teńiz">Qızıl teńizga</a> kiraverishdagi Sokotrani <a href="/w/index.php?title=1506-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1506-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1506-jılde</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Maskat" title="Maskat">Maskatni</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1507-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1507-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1507-jılde</a> basıp aldı<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Abeyasinghe2-40">[40]</a>. Ormuzni jawlap alıw eta almagach, olar Hind okeanına hám odan keyingi jerlerde sawda etiwdi qadaǵan etiw strategiyasına ámel qılıwdi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b128-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius233,_235-42">[42]</a>.<a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> Cunha tárepinen bólekan izertlew etilgen hám Mavrikiy bolsa Cunha hám Albuquerque tárepinen ashılǵan<a href="#cite_note-Macmillan11-43">[43]</a>. Sokotra qolǵa kiritilgennen keyin, Cunha hám Albuquerque bólek jumıs alıp bardi. Cunha sawda maqsetlerinde Hindstan hám Portugaliya arasında sayaxat etken bolsa, Albuquerque Almeydaning úsh jıllik kepilligi tawsılǵanınan keyin gubernator lawazımın iyelew ushın Hindstanǵa bardı. Biraq Almeyda hákimiyattı tapsırıwdan bas tartdı hám tez arada Albuquerqueni úy qamog'iga aldı hám onda 1509 -jılgacha qaldı<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius237-239-44">[44]</a>. Manuel I Almeydadan Perishteka hám Shri-Lankadagi aymaqlardı jáne de tolıq úyreniwdi soraǵan bolsa -de, Almeyda bunıń ornına Hindstannıń batıs bólegine, atap aytqanda, Gujarat sultanlıǵına itibar qaratıwdı kerek dep taptı. Sebebi Almeydaning regiondaǵı sawdagerler basqa jaylarǵa salıstırǵanda kóbirek kúshke iye ekenliginen shubhaları bar edi.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamluklar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamluklar (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Mamluk sultanligi</a> sultanı Al-Eń ullı Qansuh al-Gavri hám Gujarat sultanlıǵı Chaul portında portugal kúshlerine hújim etdi, nátiyjede Almeydaning balası bul urısda opat etdi. Buǵan juwapan portugallar 1509 -jılda Diu teńizindegi jangda Mamluklar hám Gujaratlar flotların tar-mor qılıwdi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b128-29-45">[45]</a>. Almeydaning dáslepki urınısları menen bir qatarda, Manuel I jáne onıń Lissabondagi keńesi hákimiyattı Hind okeanında bólistiriwge háreket etip, ush jónelisti jarattı : Albuquerque <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1z%C4%B1l_te%C5%84iz" title="Qızıl teńiz">Qızıl teńizga</a>, Diogo Lopes de Sequeira Perishteka sultanı menen shártlesiwge erisiw ushın Qublası -Arqa Aziyaǵa, Xorxe de Aguiar, keyin bolsa Duarte de Lemos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaqs%C4%B1_%C3%BAmit_burni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaqsı úmit burni (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Jaqsı úmit burni</a> hám Gujarat ortasındaǵı aymaqǵa jiberildi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius245-247-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Subrahmanyam67-83-47">[47]</a>. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1497-jılda vasco de Gamadıń Hindstanga jo'nab ketiwi"><img alt="1497-jılda vasco de Gamadıń Hindstanga jo'nab ketiwi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg/200px-A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg/300px-A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg/400px-A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="808" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1497-jılda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasco_de_Gama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasco de Gama (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">vasco de Gamadıń</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindstan" title="Hindstan">Hindstanga</a> jo'nab ketiwi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Portugaliya jańa ashılıwları hám izertlewleri: birinshi jetip kelgen jayları hám sáneleri; Portugaliyanıń tiykarǵı tatımlıq sawda jolları (kók)"><img alt="Portugaliya jańa ashılıwları hám izertlewleri: birinshi jetip kelgen jayları hám sáneleri; Portugaliyanıń tiykarǵı tatımlıq sawda jolları (kók)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png/200px-Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png/300px-Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png/400px-Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portugaliya jańa ashılıwları hám izertlewleri: birinshi jetip kelgen jayları hám sáneleri; Portugaliyanıń tiykarǵı tatımlıq sawda jolları (kók)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa-Katarina do Monte Sinay sawda kemesi. Portugal Armadasining qudıreti hám kúshiniń úlgisi edi."><img alt="Santa-Katarina do Monte Sinay sawda kemesi. Portugal Armadasining qudıreti hám kúshiniń úlgisi edi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg/200px-Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg/300px-Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg/400px-Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1660" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Santa-Katarina do Monte Sinay sawda kemesi. Portugal Armadasining qudıreti hám kúshiniń úlgisi edi.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="XvI asirdegi portugal zodagonining Hindstan daǵı mulozimlar menen Filei"><img alt="XvI asirdegi portugal zodagonining Hindstan daǵı mulozimlar menen Filei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg/200px-Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg/300px-Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg/400px-Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1331" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">XvI asirdegi portugal zodagonining Hindstan daǵı mulozimlar menen Filei</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aziya,_Afrika_hám_Hind_okeanında_teńiz_sawdası">Aziya, Afrika hám Hind okeanında teńiz sawdası</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aziya, Afrika hám Hind okeanında teńiz sawdası bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=7" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Aziya, Afrika hám Hind okeanında teńiz sawdası">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Goa,_Perishteka_hám_Qublası_-Arqa_Aziya">Goa, Perishteka hám Qublası -Arqa Aziya</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Goa, Perishteka hám Qublası -Arqa Aziya bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=8" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Goa, Perishteka hám Qublası -Arqa Aziya">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg/220px-Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg/330px-Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg/440px-Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>XvI hám XvII ásirlerde orayı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Goa</a> bolǵan Arqa Portugaliya imperiyasi (Estado de Índia) </figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1509-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1509-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1509-jıl</a> aqırına kelip,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasco_de_Gama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasco de Gama (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">vasco de Gama</a> Hindstanǵa joldı jańalıq ashqannan keyin, Albuquerque paytaxtı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Eski Goa</a> bolǵan <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%B3men-Hindstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tómen-Hindstan (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Tómen-Hindstandıń</a> vice-korolı boldı<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b129-48">[48]</a>. Almeydadan ayrıqsha bolıp esaplanıw, Albuquerque teńiz flotın bekkemlew, sonıń menen birge, korollıǵılıq máplerine kóbirek xizmet etiw menen shuǵıllangan<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius238-49">[49]</a>. Onıń birinshi maqseti Kerala hám Gujarat ortasındaǵı qorǵaw qorǵanı retinde strategiyalıq jaylasıwı, sonıń menen birge, arab atların import qılıwda zárúrligi sebepli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Goani</a> jawlap alıw etiw edi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b128-29-45">[45]</a>. 1510 -jılda Bijapur sultanlıgınan Goaning qolǵa alınıwına tez arada bijapurilar qarsı shıqtı, biraq hindu jeke menshikdori Timoji járdemi menen sol jıldıń 25-noyabrinde qala portugallar tárepinen qayta qolǵa alındı<a href="#cite_note-Shastry34-45-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b130-51">[51]</a>. Goa qalasında Albuquerque <a href="/w/index.php?title=1510-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1510-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1510-jılde</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindstan" title="Hindstan">Hindstande</a> birinshi portugal teńgesin ashtı<a href="#cite_note-deSouza220-52">[52]</a>. Ol Portugaliyalıq kóshpelinchilarni jergilikli hayallarǵa úyleniwge shaqırıq etdi, Áwliye Ketrin húrmetine shirkew qurdi hám hindlarning sıyınıwxonalarini qorǵaw hám salıq talapların kemeytiw arqalı jergilikli hindlar menen baylanıs ornatıwǵa háreket etdi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b130-51">[51]</a>. Portugallar qubla Hindstan daǵı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijayanagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijayanagar (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">vijayanagar imperiyasimenen</a> dos sıpatında baylanıslardı saqlap qalǵan<a href="#cite_note-Mehta291-53">[53]</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=1511-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1511-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1511-jıl</a> aprel ayında Albuquerque sol dáwirdiń eń iri tatımlıqlar bazarı bolǵan Malayziya daǵı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perishteka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perishteka (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Perishtekaga</a> júzip keldi<a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs23-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kratoska2004_p98-55">[55]</a>. Sawdada tiykarınan gujaratilar ústinlik etken bolsa -de, túrkler, parsılar, armanlar, tamillar hám efiopiyalılar sıyaqlı basqa gruppalar da sawda etiwgan<a href="#cite_note-Kratoska2004_p98-55">[55]</a>. Albuquerque tatımlıqlar sawdasında musulmanlar hám venetsiyaliklarning tásirine tosqınlıq jasaw hám Lissabon tásirin asırıw ushın Perishtekani ózine boysundirishni joba etdi<a href="#cite_note-Gipouloux2011_p301-302-56">[56]</a>. 1511-jıldıń iyuliga kelip Albuquerque Perishtekani iyelep aldı hám Antonio de Abreu hám Fransisko Serraoni (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Fmagellan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Fmagellan (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Ferdinand Fmagellanmenen</a> birge) Indoneziya arxipelagini úyreniw ushın jiberdi<a href="#cite_note-Newitt2005_p78-57">[57]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg/220px-Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg/330px-Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg/440px-Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Jańa ashılıwlar dáwirinde iberiyaning aymaqlarǵa xalıq aralıq dawa huqıqı. Afonso de Albuquerquening Hind okeanın qorshap alıw strategiyası kórsetilgen.</figcaption></figure> Perishteka yarım atawı Portugaliyanıń <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay" title="Qıtay">Qıtay</a> hám <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qublas%C4%B1-Arqa_Aziya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qublası-Arqa Aziya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Qublası-Arqa Aziyamenen</a> sawda-satıq jumısları keńeyiwi ushın strategiyalıq bazaǵa aylandı. Qalanı qorǵaw ushın A Famosa dep atalǵan kúshli dárwaza qurıldı hám bul dárwaza búgin de saqlanıp qalınǵan<a href="#cite_note-Ooi2009_p202-58">[58]</a>. Siamlarning Perishteka boyınsha maqsetlerin bilip, Albuquerque tezlik penen Duarte Fernandesni Siam patshalıǵına (zamanagóy Tailand ) diplomatik missiyaga jiberdi, ol bul korollıǵılıqtaǵı birinshi evropalıq bolıp, eki korollıǵılıq ortasında dos sıpatında munasábetler hám sawda baylanıslardı ornatdi<a href="#cite_note-Lach520_-521-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>. Portugaliya imperiyasi qublaǵa qaray jıljıdı hám 1512-jılda Timor jańalıq ashıldı. Xorxe de Meneses 1526 -jılda <a href="/wiki/Ja%C5%84a_Gvineya" title="Jańa Gvineya">Jańa Gvineyani</a> jańalıq ashıp, onı „Papua atawı“ dep at berdi<a href="#cite_note-QuanchiRobson2005-61">[61]</a>. 1517-jılda João de Silveira <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chittagong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chittagong (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Chittagong</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> flotına komandirlik etdi hám 1528-jılǵa kelip portugallar Chittagongda óz húkimranlıǵın ornatdilar<a href="#cite_note-Harris225-63">[63]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Qıtay_hám_Yaponiya">Qıtay hám Yaponiya</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Qıtay hám Yaponiya bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=9" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Qıtay hám Yaponiya">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Macau_Trade_Routes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Macau_Trade_Routes.png/220px-Macau_Trade_Routes.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Macau_Trade_Routes.png/330px-Macau_Trade_Routes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Macau_Trade_Routes.png/440px-Macau_Trade_Routes.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Portugallarning <a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiyadıń</a> <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> qalasına saparı.</figcaption></figure> Rimlikler <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kishi_Aziya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kishi Aziya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Kishi Aziya</a> arqalı qurǵaqlıqta Qıtayǵa birinshi jetip keliwgen bolsa, Jorge Alvares teńiz arqalı bul mámleketke jetip kelgen dáslepki evropalıq boldı<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Edmonds2002-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ward2008-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gleason2007-67">[67]</a>. Ol sonıń menen birge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hong Kong (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Hong Kongni</a> jańalıq ashqan dáslepki evropalıq sayaxatshıdir<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a>. Hindstan Estadosining vice-korolı Albuquerque Evropalıqlardıń jergilikli xalıq menen sawda baylanısların jolǵa qoyıw ushın Rafael Perestreloni Qıtayǵa jo'natdi<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Macau_oldmap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Macau_oldmap.jpg/220px-Macau_oldmap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Macau_oldmap.jpg/330px-Macau_oldmap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Macau_oldmap.jpg/440px-Macau_oldmap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=1639-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1639-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1639-jıldagi</a> Portugaliya koloniyası Makao yarımatawınıń Filei</figcaption></figure> Qıtay sawda portların Portugaliyanıń óz mápleri ushın kúsh menen ashıwǵa háreketi eki mámleket ortasında jangga alıp keldi hám Tamãodagi Tunmen jangida portugallar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Min_(%C3%BArim-putaq_)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Min (úrim-putaq ) (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Minlarda</a> jeńiliwge dus keldiler.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1521-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1521-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1521-jılde</a> Lantau atawı daǵı Sincouwaan jangida portugallar 2 kemasini joǵatdılar. Sonıń menen birge <a href="/w/index.php?title=1548-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1548-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1548-jılda</a> Dongshan yarımatawı qasındaǵı Shuanyudaa bolıp ótken jangda taǵı 2 kemeleri joǵatildi hám kóplegen portugallar Qıtaylıqlar tárepinen qolǵa alındı.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1549-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1549-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1549-jıl</a> Galeote Pereira hám portugallarning eki kemesi iyelendi. Bul sawashlar dawamında <a href="/w/index.php?title=Min_(%C3%BArim-putaq_)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Min (úrim-putaq ) (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Minlar</a> jeńiliwge dus kelgen portugallardan qural -qurallardı iyelep aldılar, keyin olar Qıtayda ǵalabalıq islep shıǵarıla baslandı. Portugallar keyin Qıtayǵa tınısh jol menen qaytıp keliwdi hám Luso-Qıtay shártlesiwi (1554) shártnaması qol qoyıldı. Portugallar Luso-Qıtay shártlesiwinde Franklar ornına ózlerin Portugaliyalıqlar atı menen tanıstırdılar hám Minlarga hár jılı júzlegen gúmis lyanlardı (pul birligi) berip, Qıtaydan Makaonı sawda noqatı retinde kireyge aldı<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a>. Biraq waqıt ótip eki mádeniyat ortasındaǵı dáslepki uyqaslıqqa qaramay, kóp ótpey, bir-birine salıstırǵanda túsinbewshilik, dinge berilgenlik hám hátte dushpanlıq ta payda bola basladı<a href="#cite_note-smithsonianmag.com-73">[73]</a>. Portugaliyalıq teńizshi Simão de Andrade óziniń qaraqshılıq iskerligi, Qıtay kemelerin wayran etiwi, Qıtaylıq hámeldarǵa hújimi hám Qıtaylıqlardı urlawı sebepli Portugaliyanıń Qıtay menen munasábetlerine suwıqshılıq keltirdi. Andrade Tamao atawı daǵı qorǵanda edi. Qıtaylıqlar Simão Qıtaylıq ul hám qızlardı kewilge tiyiwlaganini dawa qılıwdi<a href="#cite_note-Jesus5-74">[74]</a>. Qıtaylıqlar Portugaliyalıqlardı quwıp shıǵıwǵa hám Tamaoni qaytarıp alıw ushın Portugaliyalıq karavellarga qarsı arzımas áskerdi jiberdiler. Nátiyjede, Qıtaylıqlar kóplegen portugallarni óltirilishini hám olardı teńizge quwıp shıǵıw haqqında pármandi járiyaladılar<a href="#cite_note-Dodge226-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Whiteway339-76">[76]</a>. Bintan sultanı Tóbeas Pires qol astında bir neshe Portugaliyalıqtı qamawǵa alǵannan keyin, Qıtaylıqlar 23 portugallikni óltirdiler hám qalǵanların qamaqxanaǵa tasladılar, olar jaman, geyde ólimli sharayatlarda yashadılar. Keyin Qıtaylıqlar 1545 hám 1549 -jıllarda Qıtaylıqlardı ǵázeplentirgen portugallarning qıraq boylap keń kólemli hám zıyanlı qaraqshılıqları sebepli Ningbo hám Fujian sawda noqatlarında jasawshı portugallarni ǵalabalıq oba etdilar<a href="#cite_note-Dodge226-75">[75]</a>. Bul dáwirde portugal qaraqshıları yaponlardan keyin ekinshi orında turardı. Biraq keyinirek portugallar Qıtay kemelerin talashni toqtatdilar hám eki ortada sawda júrgiziw taǵı basladı. 1557-jılda Qıtay húkimeti Portugaliyalıqlarǵa <a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makaode</a> jaylasıwǵa ruqsat berip,<a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay" title="Qıtay">Qıtay</a>,<a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiya</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Goa</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evropa</a> ortasında tovarlar sawdası bazasın jarattı<a href="#cite_note-Dodge226-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b175,_184-77">[77]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tatımlıqlar_atawları_(Maluku)_hám_Saragosa_shártnaması">Tatımlıqlar atawları (Maluku) hám Saragosa shártnaması</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Tatımlıqlar atawları (Maluku) hám Saragosa shártnaması bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=10" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Tatımlıqlar atawları (Maluku) hám Saragosa shártnaması">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg/320px-Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg/480px-Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg/640px-Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7421" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Portugaliya Yaponiya hám Qıtay menen sawda jolların ornatǵan birinshi Evropa mámleketi boldı. Yaponiya ekspediciyasında Portugaliya kemelerindegi ekipajlarning zárúrli bólegi hind nasroniylari edi</figcaption></figure> Portugallarning Aziyadaǵı ekspediciyaları basqalarda da úlken qızıǵıwshılıq oyatdı.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1521-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1521-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1521-jıl</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Fmagellan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Fmagellan (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Ferdinand Fmagellan</a><a href="/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin">Filippinga</a> keldi hám <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ispaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ispaniya imperiyasi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Ispaniya imperiyasi</a> múlki dep járiyaladı<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1525-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1525-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1525-jılde</a> Charlz v Molukka atawların koloniya qılıw ushın ekspediciya jiberdi hám bul aymaq Tordesillas shártnaması aymaǵında jaylasqanlıǵın dawa etdi, sebebi shıǵısda hesh qanday shegara joq edi. García Jofre de Loaísa ekspediciyası Molukkaga jetip bardı. Biraq portugallar Ternate qasında óz húkimranlıǵın ornatǵan edi hám eki mámleket bul aymaqlar ushın on jıllar dawamında urıslar alıp bardi. 1529 -jılda Saragosa shártnaması menen Molukkani <a href="/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya">Portugaliyaga</a>,<a href="/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin">Filippinni</a> bolsa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ispaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ispaniya imperiyasi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Ispaniyaga</a> beriw tuwrısında qarar qabıllandı<a href="#cite_note-Ooi2004_p1340-79">[79]</a>. Portugaliyalıqlar 1530 -jıldan Bruney imperiyasi menen úzliksiz sawda etkenler hám Bruney paytaxtın tas diywal menen oralǵan dep súwretlewgen. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Qubla_Aziya,_Parsı_qoltıqı_hám_Qızıl_teńiz">Qubla Aziya, Parsı qoltıqı hám Qızıl teńiz</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Qubla Aziya, Parsı qoltıqı hám Qızıl teńiz bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=11" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Qubla Aziya, Parsı qoltıqı hám Qızıl teńiz">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg/220px-Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg/330px-Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg/440px-Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Portugal qorǵanı,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paydayn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paydayn (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Paydayndagi</a> eń jaqsı saqlanıp qalǵan qorǵanlardan biri</figcaption></figure> Portugaliya imperiyasi Ajuran imperiyasi hám Osmanlı imperiyasi menen tatımlıqlar sawdasın baqlaw ushın gúresip, Parsı qoltıqına qáwip sola basladı. 1515-jılda Afonso de Albuquerque Parsı qoltıqınıń basında jaylasqan Huvala mámleketin bo'ysundirib, onı Portugaliya vassaliga aylantırdı. Biraq <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adan_(qala_)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adan (qala ) (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Adan</a> sol jılı Albuquerquening hújimlerine, sonıń menen birge 1516 -jılda Lopo Soares de Albergarianing hújimlerine qattı qarsılıq kórsetdi.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1521-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1521-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1521-jılde</a> Anto'nio Correia basshılıǵındaǵı ásker Jabrid patshası Muqrin ibn Zomilni jeńiliske ushıraǵan etip, Paydaynni iyelep aldı<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>. Portugallar keyingi júz jıllar dawamında Parsı qoltıqınıń qubla bóleginde húkimranlıq etdiler. 1497-jıldan beri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissabon (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Lissabonni</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Goamenen</a> baylanıstıratuǵın úzliksiz teńiz jolı menen Mozambik atawı strategiyalıq portqa aylandı hám onda São Sebastião qorǵanı hám emlewxana qurıldı. Azor atawları quramına kiretuǵın Armada atawları Lissabonga ketetuǵın kemeler qawipsizligin támiyinlagan<a href="#cite_note-O'Flanagan125-81">[81]</a>. 1534-jılda Gujarat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boburiylar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boburiylar (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Boburiylar</a>, Chitor hám Manduning Rajput shtatları tárepinen hújimge dus keldi. Gujarat sultanı Bahodurshoh portugallar menen mámleketin kóp aymaǵın basqa hind mámleketlerinen qaytarıp alıw ushın Basseyn shártnamasın imzolab, óz-ara birlespe tuzdi. Bunıń ornına ol Daman, Diu, Mumbay hám Basseyndi portugallarga berdi. Sonıń menen birge, ol bojlarni tólew hám at sawdasına ruqsat beriw ushın Qızıl teńizge jo'naydigan hám Basseyn arqalı ótetuǵın Gujarati kemeleriniń sawdasın tártipke saldı<a href="#cite_note-Pearson1976_pp74-82-82">[82]</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Boburiylar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boburiylar (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Boburiy</a> húkimdarı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Humoyun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humoyun (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Humoyun</a> Batırǵa qarsı urısda tabıs qazanganidan keyin, portugallar menen shártlerdi tastıyıqlaw ushın basqa shártnama imzoladi hám Diuda qorǵan qurılısına ruqsat berdi. Oradan kóp ótpey Humoyun itibarın basqa tárepke qaratdı hám gujaratlar Osmanlılar menen birlespe tuzib, Diu ústinen qadaǵalawdı tiklab, qorǵandı qamal etdiler. 1538 hám 1546 -jıllardaǵı eki áwmetsiz qamal Osmanlılardıń maqsetlerine shek qoydı, bul regiondaǵı Portugaliya gegemonligini tastıyıqlandi<a href="#cite_note-Pearson1976_pp74-82-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Malekandathil116_-118-83">[83]</a>, sonıń menen birge, portugallar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boburiylar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boburiylar (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Boburiylarden</a> ústinlikke iye boldı<a href="#cite_note-Mathew138-84">[84]</a>. Biraq,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1lar_imperiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osmanlılar imperiyasi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Osmanlılar</a> 1541-jılda <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1z%C4%B1l_te%C5%84iz" title="Qızıl teńiz">Qızıl teńiz</a> hám <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinay_yar%C4%B1m_ataw%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinay yarım atawı (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Sinay yarım atawıde</a>, 1546 hám 1552-jıllarda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pars%C4%B1_qolt%C4%B1%C7%B5%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parsı qoltıǵı (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Parsı qoltıǵınıń</a> arqa regioninde portugallarning hújimlerine qarsı gúresdilar<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sahra_Kábirden_qubladaǵı_aymaqlar">Sahra Kábirden qubladaǵı aymaqlar</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sahra Kábirden qubladaǵı aymaqlar bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=12" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Sahra Kábirden qubladaǵı aymaqlar">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_(1635)_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png/220px-Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png/330px-Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png/440px-Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Áwliye Francis Xavier Portugaliya patshası Ioann III den Aziyaǵa missionerlik ekspediciyasın uyushtirishga ruqsat soranıp atır</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Efiopiya" title="Efiopiya">Efiopiyamenen</a> bir qatar uzaq múddetli baylanıslardan keyin, Portugaliya elshixonasi 1520 -jılda Rodrigo de Lima basshılıǵındaǵı Efiopiya (Efiopiyalıiston) patshalıǵı menen baylanıs ornattı<a href="#cite_note-Abir86-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a>. Tez arada olardıń baylanısları óz-ara birlespe dúziwge shekem bardı<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a>. Portugaliya hám Efiopiya aymaqlarındaǵı túrklerdiń aldınǵa jılısıwı qáweteri de olardıń birlespeinde rol oynadi<a href="#cite_note-Abir86-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>. Adal sultanlıǵı <a href="/w/index.php?title=1529-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1529-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1529-jılde</a> Shimbra Kure jangida Efiopiyalıqlardı jeńiliske ushıraǵan etdi hám islam dini regionda jáne de tarqaldı. Portugaliya patsha Gelawdewosga portugal askarlari hám mushketlari menen járdem berdi. Osmanlılar Adal sultanlıǵına askarlar menen járdem bergen bolsalar -de, 1543-jılda vayna Daga jangida Adali sultan Ahmad ibn Ibrohim al-G'oziy opat etkeninen keyin, Adal-Osmanlı qospa áskerleri chekindi<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stapleton2013_p121-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Missionerlik_ekspediciyaları">Missionerlik ekspediciyaları</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Missionerlik ekspediciyaları bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=13" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Missionerlik ekspediciyaları">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> 1542-jılda iyezuit missioneri Francis Xavier Portugaliya patshası Ioann III tapsırig'iga qaray Apostol nunsiaturasiga juwapker bolǵan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Goaga</a> keldi. Áyne sol waqıtta Francisco Zeimoto, Anto'nio Mota hám basqa sawdagerler birinshi ret Yaponiyaǵa óz saparların ámelge asırıp atır edi. Bul sayaxatda bolǵanın dawa etken Fernão Mendes Pintoning sózlerine kóre, olar Tanegashimaga jetip keliwgen, onda jergilikli xalıq o'qotar qurallardan tańlanıwda qalǵan. Keyinirek bul qurallar Yaponiyada ǵalabalıq túrde islep shıǵılǵan<a href="#cite_note-Pacey1991-94">[94]</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1570-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1570-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1570-jılga</a> kelip portugallar Yaponiya portınıń bir bólegin satıp aldılar, onda olar <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> qalasınıń kishi bir bólegine tiykar salındılar<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> hám qala <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay" title="Qıtay">Qıtay</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evropamenen</a> úshmúyeshlik sawdada Yaponiyanıń tiykarǵı sawda portına aylandı<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b195-96">[96]</a>. Óz sawdasın Evropa hám Aziya básekichilaridan qorǵaw etken Portugaliya tekǵana Aziya hám Evropa ortasındaǵı sawdada, bálki <a href="/wiki/Hindstan" title="Hindstan">Hindstan</a>,<a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziya</a>,<a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay" title="Qıtay">Qıtay</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiya</a> sıyaqlı Aziya hám Afrikanıń túrli regionları ortasındaǵı sawdada da ústinlik etdi. Iyezuit missionerlari portugallarga ergashib, rim katolik dinin Aziya hám Afrikada kúsh hám zorlıqshılıq menen jayıwǵa háreketlerdi aparıwdi<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto262-265-97">[97]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amerikada_kolonizatorlik_háreketleri">Amerikada kolonizatorlik háreketleri</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Amerikada kolonizatorlik háreketleri bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=14" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Amerikada kolonizatorlik háreketleri">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Capitanias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Capitanias.jpg/220px-Capitanias.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Capitanias.jpg/330px-Capitanias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Capitanias.jpg/440px-Capitanias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3064" data-file-height="4154" /></a><figcaption>Braziliyanıń 15 áwladdan áwladqa miyraslar qalatuǵın koloniyalarini kórsetetuǵın 1574-jıldaǵı karta</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Kanada">Kanada</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Kanada bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=15" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Kanada">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> Tordesillas shártnamasına tiykarınan patshalar Manuel I, Ioann III hám Sebastian basshılıǵındaǵı Portugaliya imperiyasi Arqa Amerikada da aymaqlıq huqıqlarǵa dawa etdi. Sol maqsette, 1499 hám 1500-jıllarda João Fernandes Lavrador Grenlandiya hám Kanadanıń arqa Atlantikalıq qurǵaqlıqların úyrendi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius464-98">[98]</a>. Keyinirek, 1500—1501 hám 1502-jıllarda ájaǵa -úke Gaspar hám Miguel Corte-Real Kanadanıń Newfoundland hám Labrador provinsiyalari hám Grenlandiyanı izertlew etip, bulmanlardı Portugaliya múlki dep dawa qılıwdı.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1506-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1506-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1506-jılde</a> patsha Manuel I Newfoundland arqalında balıq tutıw ushın salıq ámeldegi etdi. Shama menen 1521-jılda João Alvares Fagundesga Sent-Lorens qoltıqınıń ishki atawlarına qayırqomlıq huqıqı berdi hám sonıń menen birge, balıq tutıw ushın tiykar bolıp xizmet etiwi ushın Keyp Breton atawında xalıq punkti jarattı. Jergilikli xalıq hám básekiles Evropa balıqchiliklarining bul aymaqlarda turaqlı qalıw ushın jańa qalalar payda bolıwına tosqınlıq etdi hám bes jıldan keyin bul aymaqlar tark etildi. Keyingi yarım ásir dawamında Newfoundlandda xalıq punktlerin shólkemlestiriwge bolǵan bir neshe urınıslar da áwmetsizlikke dus keldi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_a116-99">[99]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Braziliya">Braziliya</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Braziliya bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=16" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Braziliya">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> Kabral <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliyani</a> jańalıq ashqannan keyin,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fransiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fransiya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Fransiya</a> bul aymaq ushın Portugaliga básekishige aylandı. 1503-jılda Gonçalo Coelho komandirligi astındaǵı ekspediciya Braziliya arqalında fransuzlarning hújimleri haqqında xabar berdi,<a href="#cite_note-HerringHerring214-100">[100]</a> hám fransuz teńiz izertlewshisi Bınat Paulmier de Gonneville bir jıldan keyin Braziliya qublaında baylanıs ornatǵannan keyin brazilwood ushın sawda etdi<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>.<a href="/wiki/Arqa_Amerika" title="Arqa Amerika">Arqa Amerika</a> arqalı boylap Francis I qáwenderlik etken ekspediciyalar Tordesillas shártnamasın tuwrıdan-tuwrı buzdi<a href="#cite_note-PickettPickett14-102">[102]</a>. 1531-jılǵa kelip, fransuzlar Braziliya jaǵaındaǵı aral qasında sawda postini qurdilar<a href="#cite_note-PickettPickett14-102">[102]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png/220px-Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png/330px-Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png/440px-Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=1598-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1598-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1598-jıl</a> Portugaliya hám Ispaniya patshası Philip II waqtında Iberiya birlespei</figcaption></figure> Fransuzlarning Braziliyada aǵash kontrabandasining kúsheytiwi João III ni bul aymaqtı ishkerilew basıp alıwǵa háreket etiwge májbúr etdi<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008_p76-103">[103]</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1531-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1531-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1531-jılde</a> Martım Afonso de Sousa jáne onıń úkesi Pero Lopes basshılıǵındaǵı korollıǵılıq ekspediciyası pútkil Braziliya qurǵaqlıqların qorǵaw, fransuzlarni aymaqtan aydalıw hám birinshi koloniya qala — 1532-jılda San-visenteni jaratıw ushın jo'nab kettilar<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008_pp76_-78-104">[104]</a>. Sousa bir jıl ótkennen, Hindstan gubernatori bolıw ushın paytaxt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissabon (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Lissabonga</a> qaytıp keldi hám hesh qashan Braziliyaǵa qaytıp barmadi<a href="#cite_note-DeOliveira254-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marley2008_p78-106">[106]</a>. Fransuz hújimleri Portugaliyalıqlardıń Atlantikalıq okeanı boylap portugal kemelerine hújim qılıwdı toqtatıw ushın fransuzlarga pul tólegeninen keyin, málim dárejede tóqtadı, biraq hújimler 1560 -jıllarda da mashqala bolıp qolaverdi<a href="#cite_note-Marley2005_pp694-696-107">[107]</a>. Tóbeé de Sousa 1549 -jılda „Barlıq ázizler qoltıqi“de <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliyadıń</a> paytaxtı <a href="/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador">Salvadorni</a> qurdi<a href="#cite_note-Mahoney246-108">[108]</a>. De Sousaning 1000 adamlıq ekspediciyası arasında askarlar, jumısshılar hám Manuel de Nobrega basshılıǵındaǵı altı iyezuit bar edi<a href="#cite_note-Russell-Wood1968_p47-109">[109]</a>. Iezuitlar Braziliyanı koloniya qılıwda, sonday-aq San-visente hám San-Pauluni iyelewde zárúrli rol oynaydı<a href="#cite_note-Ladle185-110">[110]</a>. Iezuit missiyalari menen birge jergilikli xalıq arasına kóplegen kesellik keldi, kesellikler arasında tırıspa hám sheshek gúl da bar edi<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a>. Keyinirek, fransuzlar Portugaliya aymaǵı bolǵan Guanabara qoltıqına jaylawdılar, bulman Fransiya Antarktidası dep at berildi<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008_p86-112">[112]</a>. Portugaliya elshisi Fransiya shabıwılchiligi haqqında xabar beriw ushın Parijǵa jiberilganida, Joao III Mem de Sáni Braziliyanıń jańa general gubernatori etip tayınladi hám Mem de Sá <a href="/w/index.php?title=1557-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1557-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1557-jılde</a> Braziliyaǵa jo'nab ketti<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008_p86-112">[112]</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1560-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1560-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1560-jılga</a> kelip, Sá jáne onıń kúshleri birlesken <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gugenotlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gugenotlar (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Gugenotlar</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalvinizm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalvinizm (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Shotlandiya kalvinistlari</a> hám qullar kúshlerin Fransiya Antarktikasınan quwıp shıǵıwdı. Biraq olardıń istehkomlari hám awılların jaǵıp jiberganlaridan keyin de tiri qalǵanlar bul jerde jasawda dawam etiwdi. Bul omon qalǵanlar Gloriya qoltıqı, Flamengo plyaji hám Parapapua aymaǵına Tamoio xalqınıń járdemi menen jaylawdilar<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008_p90-113">[113]</a>. Tamoio Fransiya Antarktidasında jaylasqanınan berli fransuzlar menen birlespeshi bolǵan hám 1560 -jılda fransuzlar jeńiliwge dus kelgenine qaramay, Tamoio ele da qáwip astında edi<a href="#cite_note-Treece31-114">[114]</a>. Olar 1561 hám 1564-jıllarda portugallarga qarsı eki hújim uyushtirdilar (aqırǵı waqıya fransuzlarga járdem berdi) hám hár birinde derlik tabısqa eristilar<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008_pp91-92-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a>. Bul waqıtqa kelip, Manuel de No'brega kásiplesi iyezuit José de Anchieta menen birgelikte Tamoioga hújimler qatnasıwshısına aylandı<a href="#cite_note-Treece31-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marley2008_pp91-92-115">[115]</a>. 1565-jıldan 1567-jılǵa shekem Mem de Sá jáne onıń áskerleri Guanabara qoltıqında Fransiya Antarktidasın wayran etiwdi. 1565-jılda Mem de Sá bul aymaqlardı „São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro“ dep atay basladı<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008_p96-117">[117]</a> jáne onıń jiyeni Estácio de Sá 1567-jılda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio-de-Janeyro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rio-de-Janeyro (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Rio-de-Janeyro</a> qalasına tiykar salındı.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1575-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1575-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1575-jılga</a> kelip Tamoi tolıq bo'ysindirilgandi hám aymaq joq bolıp ketkendi<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1973_p41-118">[118]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Portugal_(1667).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Portugaliya bayraǵina (1667-1706 ). Xv-XIX ásirlerden baslap Portugaliya bayraqlarınıń barlıǵı soǵan uqsas bolǵan.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iberiya_birlespesi">Iberiya birlespesi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Iberiya birlespesi bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=17" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Iberiya birlespesi">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1580-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1580-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1580-jılde</a> Iberiya birlespesi sebepli Portugaliya qońsılas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ispaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ispaniya imperiyasi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Ispaniya imperiyasimenen</a> birden-bir monarx húkimranlıǵı astında birlesedi. 1640 -jılda mámleket ǵárezsizlikke eristi. Portugal-Ispaniya birlespesiniń 60 jılı dawamında Portugaliyanıń jańa teńiz kúshi Gollandiya menen Aziya, Afrika hám Lotin Amerikası daǵı koloniyalar ushın eń qızǵın gúreslerdi alıp bardı. Bul gúreslerde portugallar mámleket tárepinen qollap -quwatlanmadi. Ispaniya monarxlari, birinshi náwbette, ispan koloniyalarini qorǵaw hám keńeytiwge itibar qaratdilar<a href="#cite_note-Kamen177-119">[119]</a>. XvI ásir aqırında portugallar úlken kúsh hám kúsh-quwatlı Aziyaǵa barǵan sayın tereńrek kirip barıwda dawam etdilar<a href="#cite_note-Boyajian11-120">[120]</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Goa</a> qalasından muwapıqlastırılgan ekspediciyalar Qubla hám Qublası -Arqa Aziyada Portugaliya tásirin jayıwǵa eristi. Biraq gollandlar menen Aziya aymaqları ushın bolıp ótken kóplegen sawashlarda portugallar jeńiliwge dús keliwi, olardıń Aziyadaǵı tásirin anaǵurlım pasaytirdi. Jeńiliwlerdiń sebeplerinen biri ispan monarxlarning portugallarga járdem bermasliklar esaplanadı<a href="#cite_note-Anderson104-105-121">[121]</a>. Shahzoda Morits Gollandiyanıń <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Indiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vest-Indiya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Vest-Indiya</a> kompaniyası menen bolǵan sawashlarda úlken jeńiliwlerge dus keldi. Nátiyjede, Braziliyada Gollandiya koloniyaları qáliplese basladı. Portugallar San-Tóbee atawı, Altın jaǵa daǵı San-Xorxe-de-Mina qorǵanı hám Luanda qalasın da qoldan shıǵarıwdi<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto111,_117-122">[122]</a>. Eger birlespe bóleklenip, milliy mámleketshilik tiklenganidan keyin, 1654-jılǵa kelip Portugaliya Braziliya hám Luanda ústinen óz hákimiyattı tikladi<a href="#cite_note-Thomas159-123">[123]</a>, biraq Qublası -Arqa Aziyadaǵı dawamıy keńeyiw gollandlar tárepinen toqtatildi. Sonday etip <a href="/w/index.php?title=1859-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1859-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1859-jılgi</a> Lissabon shártnamasında imzolangan hújjetke kóre pútkil boshli <a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziyaden</a> tekgini Shıǵıs Timor portugallar qolında qaldı<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekinshi_imperiya_(1663—1822)">Ekinshi imperiya (1663—1822)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Ekinshi imperiya (1663—1822) bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=18" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Ekinshi imperiya (1663—1822)">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Map_of_Portuguese_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Portuguese_India.png/220px-Map_of_Portuguese_India.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Portuguese_India.png/330px-Map_of_Portuguese_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Portuguese_India.png/440px-Map_of_Portuguese_India.png 2x" data-file-width="1709" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption>Portugaliya Hindstanı (1502—1961)</figcaption></figure> Portugaliya óz koloniyalarınıń qoldan bay beriliwinde Ispaniyanı ayıplı dep esaplardı, atap aytqanda sol sebep óz-ara birlespediń tawsılıwına alıp keldi.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1640-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1640-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1640-jılde</a> John Iv Portugaliya patshası dep daǵaza etildi hám Portugaliyanı qayta qayta tiklew urısı baslandı.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1643-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1643-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1643-jılde</a> Portugaliyanıń shettegi koloniyaları ushın basqarıw organı bolǵan Sırt el keńesi tuzildi. Bul keńesde Arqa Afrika, Madeyra hám Azor atawları esaptan tısqarı edi. Sırt el degi múlkke tiyisli barlıq jazıwmalar keńes arqalı alıp barıldı<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a>. Portugal sudı 1807-jılda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Napoleondıń</a> Iberiyaga bastırıp kiriwi artınan Braziliyaǵa qashıp ketkeninde, Braziliya keńes yurisdiktsiyasidan shıǵarıldi<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a>. 1661-jılda portugallar Angliyaǵa Bombay hám Tanjerni beriwdi hám keyingi júz jıllarda inglisler az-azdan basqa kúshlerdiń sawdasın esaptan tısqarı etip, Hindstanda dominant sawdagerge aylandılar. 1668-jılda Ispaniya Iberiya birlespesiniń tawsılǵanlıǵın tán aldı hám bunıń ornına Portugaliya Seutanı Ispaniyaǵa berdi<a href="#cite_note-Cowans2003-127">[127]</a>. Portugaliyalıqlar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathalar_m%C3%A1mleketi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathalar mámleketi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Marathalar mámleketidıń</a> hind húkimdarı Chimnaji Appa hám Keledi Nayaka patshalıgınan Shivappa Nayaka tárepinen jeńiliwge uchragach hám gollandlar menen dúgilisisler aqırında <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Goa</a> hám Hindstan daǵı bir neshe kishi aymaqlardı óz qolında saqlap qola aldı<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed330-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a>. Braziliya hám Afrika daǵı koloniyaların qaytarıp alıwǵa eristi, biraq inglis, francuz hám gollandlarning Aziyadaǵı sawda punktlerin iyelewi nátiyjesinde óziniń eski kúshin pútkilley joǵatdı. Sonday etip Portugaliya ushın tek bir jónelis, Braziliya taxtaları hám qumshekerleri áhmiyeti artıp bardı<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto111,_117-122">[122]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minas-Jerais_hám_altın_sanaatı">Minas-Jerais hám altın sanaatı</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Minas-Jerais hám altın sanaatı bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=19" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Minas-Jerais hám altın sanaatı">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa,_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg/170px-Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg/255px-Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg/340px-Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3093" /></a><figcaption>Portugal kortesleri Birlesken Korollıqtı tarqatıp jiberiwge intildi.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1693-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1693-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1693-jılde</a> <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliyadıń</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minas-Jerais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minas-Jerais (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Minas-Jerais</a> qalasında altın tabılǵan. Minas-Jerais, Shúberek Grosso hám Goyasda altın hám keyinirek almazdıń tabılıwı úlken shumlarǵa sebep boldı. Awıl imperiyaning jańa ekonomikalıq orayı boldı jáne bul jerge tezlik menen o'rnashildi<a href="#cite_note-Boxer168-131">[131]</a>. Bul altın koni ishki bazardı jaratılıwma alıp keldi hám kóplegen emigrantlardı tartıldı.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1739-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1739-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1739-jılga</a> kelip, taw-kán sanaatınıń eń joqarı shıńı bolǵan Minas-Jerais xalqı 200, 000 den 250, 000 ge shekem edi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b268-69-132">[132]</a>. Bul altın koni Portugaliya imperiyasining tabısın sezilerli dárejede asırdı hám barlıq qazib alınǵan kónning 1/5 bólegin quradı. Altın ushın kóplegen jánjel hám urıslar da bolıp ótti. Húkimet, sonıń menen birge, almaz qazib alıwdı óz yurisdiktsiyasi sheńberinde hám jeke jalawshılarǵa sheklep qoydı<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b273-275-133">[133]</a>. Altındı úlken muǵdarda qazib alıwǵa qaramastan, plantatsiya sanaatı bul dáwirde Braziliya ushın jetekshi kiripke aylandı. Qumsheker 1760 -jılda kiriptiń 50 % ni (altın 46 %) quradı<a href="#cite_note-Bethell203-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b267-68-135">[135]</a>. Shúberek Grosso hám Goyasda tabılǵan altın koloniyanıń batıs shegaraların bekkemlewge qızıǵıwshılıq oyatdı. 1730 -jıllarda ispan sawda postlari menen dúgilisisler tez-tez júz boldı hám keyin ispanlar áskeriy ekspediciya baslaw menen abay qılıwdı. Ispanlarning jobası ámelge aspadı hám 1750-jıllarǵa kelip, pútkil aymaqta portugallarning jalǵızhokimligi ornatildi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009_b288-136">[136]</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=1755-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1755-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1755-jılde</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissabon (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Lissabonde</a> ólimli jer silkiniw júz boldı, cunami menen birge 275, 000 xalıqtan 40, 000 den 60, 000 ge shekem adamdı ólimine sebep boldı<a href="#cite_note-KozakCermak131-137">[137]</a>. Bul bolsa Portugaliyanıń koloniyalarǵa itibarın azmaz susaytirishiga alıp keldi<a href="#cite_note-Ramasamy2006-138">[138]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Braziliya_ǵárezsizligi">Braziliya ǵárezsizligi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Braziliya ǵárezsizligi bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=20" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Braziliya ǵárezsizligi">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="34130" data-file-height="18254" /></a><figcaption>Braziliya ǵárezsizligi Portugaliya imperiyasini da ekonomikalıq, da siyasiy tárepten uzaq waqıt páseńlewge saldı.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1808-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1808-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1808-jılde</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Napoleon Bonapart</a> Portugaliyaǵa bastırıp kirdi hám sonnan keyin ana xanzada Mari I korollıǵılıq sarayın Braziliyaǵa ótkeriwdi buyırdı. 1815-jılda <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliya</a> korollıǵılıq mártebeine kóterildi. Portugaliya mámleketi rásmiy Portugaliya, Braziliya hám Algarves Birlesken patshalıǵına aylandı hám paytaxt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissabon (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Lissabonden</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio-de-Janeyro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rio-de-Janeyro (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Rio-de-Janeyroga</a> kóshirildi. Bul mámleket Evropa mámleketiniń óz koloniyalarınan birinde basqarılatuǵın birden-bir mısal esaplanadı. Sonıń menen birge, 1820 -jılgi liberal revolyuciyadan keyin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissabon (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Lissabonde</a> jıynalǵan Portugaliya Konstituciyalıq sudi parlamentine Braziliya wákillerin saylaw da bolıp ótti<a href="#cite_note-Bethell177-178-139">[139]</a>. Eger patsha shańaraǵı <a href="/w/index.php?title=1821-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1821-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1821-jılde</a> Portugaliyaǵa qaytqan bolsa -de, Braziliyalıqlar arasında ǵárezsizlikke umtılıwdıń kusheytiwine alıp keldi. 1822-jılda Dom João vI dıń balası shahzoda Dom Pedro I 1822-jıl 7-sentyabrde Braziliya ǵárezsizligin járiyaladı hám jańa Braziliya imperiyasining imperatori lawazımın iyeledi. Ispaniyanıń Qubla Amerikadaǵı koloniyalarınan ayrıqsha bolıp esaplanıw, Braziliya ǵárezsizligine saldamlı qan to'kmagan halda eristi<a href="#cite_note-Angus1837-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levine2003-141">[141]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Úshinshi_imperiya_(1822—1999_)">Úshinshi imperiya (1822—1999 )</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Úshinshi imperiya (1822—1999 ) bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=21" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Úshinshi imperiya (1822—1999 )">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Jesuit_Convent,_Macao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg/220px-Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg/330px-Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg/440px-Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makaodagi</a> Áwliye Paul koleji kórinisi. (1854) </figcaption></figure> XIX asirde Evropa kolonizatorlıǵı pátine shıqqanında Portugaliya Aziyadaǵı bir neshe koloniyasınan tashqar Qubla Amerika hám barlıq aymaqların joǵatǵan edi. Bul basqıshda Portugal kolonizatorlıǵı Afrika daǵı óz koloniyaların ondaǵı basqa Evropa kúshleri menen báseki qılıw ushın milliy aymaqlarǵa keńeytiwge itibar qaratdı. Portugaliya <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambikdıń</a> ishki bólegine bastırıp kirdi hám izertlewshilerdiń Serpa Pinto, Hermenegildo Kapelo hám Roberto Ivens Afrikanı batıstan shıǵıs tárepke kesip ótken birinshi evropalıqlar boldı<a href="#cite_note-Newitt1995_pp335-336-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-Corrado18-143">[143]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Britaniya_ultimatumi_hám_Portugaliya_monarxiyasining_tawısıwı_(1890—1910_)">Britaniya ultimatumi hám Portugaliya monarxiyasining tawısıwı (1890—1910 )</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Britaniya ultimatumi hám Portugaliya monarxiyasining tawısıwı (1890—1910 ) bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=22" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Britaniya ultimatumi hám Portugaliya monarxiyasining tawısıwı (1890—1910 )">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Map" class="extiw" title="en:Pink Map">Aqshıl qızǵılt reń karta</a>, yaǵnıy eki koloniyanı birlestiriw Portugaliya 1880-jıllardaǵı siyasatınıń tiykarǵı maqsetlerinen biri esaplanardi<a href="#cite_note-Lisboa134-144">[144]</a>. Biraq, bul ideya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qohira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qohira (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Qohiraden</a> <a href="/wiki/Keyptaun" title="Keyptaun">Keyptaunge</a> shekem bolǵan aymaqtı óz qolında toplaǵan qońsılas Britaniya ushın qabıl etiliwi múmkin emes edi. 1890 -jılgi Britaniya ultimatumi Portugaliya patshası Carlos I ga qoyıldı hám Aqshıl qızǵılt reń karta tamamlanıldı<a href="#cite_note-Lisboa134-144">[144]</a>. Patshanıń ultimatumga munasábetinen respublikashılar paydalanıwdi<a href="#cite_note-Lisboa134-144">[144]</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1908-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1908-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1908-jıl</a><a href="/wiki/1-fevral" title="1-fevral">1-fevralde</a> patsha Carlos hám shahzoda Luis Filipe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissabon (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Lissabonde</a> Portugaliyalıq eki aktiv revolyuciyashı Alfredo Luis de Kosta hám Manuel Buisa tárepinen óltirildi. Luis Filipening úkesi Manuel Portugaliya patshası Manuel II boldı. Eki jıl ótkennen, 1910 -jıl 5-oktyabrda ol taxtdan ag'darildi hám Angliyaǵa London qasındaǵı Twickenham qashıp ketti hám Portugaliya respublikaǵa aylandı<a href="#cite_note-Wheeler48-61-145">[145]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Birinshi_jáhán_urısı">Birinshi jáhán urısı</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Birinshi jáhán urısı bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=23" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Birinshi jáhán urısı">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chaimite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chaimite.jpg/220px-Chaimite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chaimite.jpg/330px-Chaimite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Chaimite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>XIX asirde Portugaliya Portugaliya Afrikasında hákimiyattı bekkemlew ushın jańa saparlardı basladı.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1914-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1914-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1914-jılde</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germaniya imperiyasi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Germaniya imperiyasi</a> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angolanı</a> Portugaliya qadaǵalawınan tartıp alıw jobaların islep shıqtı<a href="#cite_note-vincent-Smith1974-146">[146]</a>. Portugal hám nemis askerleri ortasında dúgilisisler kelip shıqtı, tiykarǵı aymaqtan qosımsha kúshler jiberildi<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a>. Kelgen askerlerdiń tiykarǵı maqseti Germaniya tárepinen boysındırılǵan Mozambik arqasındaǵı Kionga úshmuyeshin qaytarıp alıw edi.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1916-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1916-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1916-jılda</a> Portugaliya nemis kemelerin Lissabonda internaciya etkeninen keyin Germaniya Portugaliyaǵa urıs járiyaladı. Portugaliya da buǵan juwap retinde urıs járiyaladı hám nátiyjede <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birinshi_j%C3%A1h%C3%A1n_ur%C4%B1si&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birinshi jáhán urısi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Birinshi jáhán urısına</a> kirdi<a href="#cite_note-Wheeler128-148">[148]</a>. Urıstıń basında Portugaliya tiykarınan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fransiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fransiya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Franciyada</a> jaylasqan birlespeshilerge járdem kórsetiw menen shuǵıllanǵan. 1916 -jılda Portugaliya aymaǵına tek bir, Madeyraǵa hújim boldı. 1917-jılda Portugaliya tárepinen ámelge asırılǵan háreketlerden biri urıs háreketleri ushın zárúr bolǵan aǵash sanaatında Britaniyaǵa járdem beriwden ibarat bolǵan. Kanada toǵay xojalıǵı korpusı menen bir qatarda, Portugaliya xızmetkerleri házirde "Portugal kamini" dep atalatuǵın aymaqta terek kesiw infradúzilmesin ornattı<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=1917-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1917-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1917-jıl</a> dawamında Portugaliya Franciyadaǵı birlespeshiler frontına áskerler jiberdi. Jıl ortalarında Portugaliya Birinshi jáhán urısındaǵı birinshi jábirleniwshi boldı. Portugaliya Afrikasında Portugaliya hám inglisler Mozambik hám Angolada nemislarga qarsı kóplegen sawashlar aparıwdı. Jıl aqırında kemeler taǵı Portugaliya suwiga kirdiler hám taǵı Madeyraga hújim etip, bir neshe portugal kemelerin cho'ktirishdi. 1918-jıl basında Portugaliya birlespeles frontda Germaniyaǵa qarsı gúresti dawam ettirdi, sonday-aq La Lys urısında qatnastı<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a>. Gúzek waqtında Germaniya da Portugaliyanıń bir neshe kemasini cho'ktirdi. Shama menen úsh jıllıq sawashlardan keyin (Portugaliya kózqarasınan ) Birinshi jáhán urısı Germaniya tárepinen kelisiwshilik shártnaması imzolanishi menen juwmaqlandi. versal konfrensiyasida Portugaliya Tanzaniya daǵı port qalası bolǵan Kiongadan tısqarı óziniń barlıq joǵatılǵan aymaqları ústinen qadaǵalawdı qayta tikledi<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a>. Afrika daǵı Portugaliya aymaqları <a href="/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde">Kabo-Verde</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=San-T%C3%B3bee_h%C3%A1m_Principi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San-Tóbee hám Principi (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">San-Tóbee hám Principi</a>,<a href="/wiki/Gvineya-Bisau" title="Gvineya-Bisau">Gvineya-Bisau</a>,<a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambikni</a> óz ishine aldı<a href="#cite_note-Koffi2012-152">[152]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dekolonizatsiya_(1951—1999_)">Dekolonizatsiya (1951—1999 )</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Dekolonizatsiya (1951—1999 ) bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=24" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Dekolonizatsiya (1951—1999 )">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png/220px-Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png/330px-Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png/440px-Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>XX asirde Portugaliya endi ózin imperiya emes, bálki shet el degi provinsiyalari bolǵan kóp kontinent mámleketi dep ataǵan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg/220px-Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg/330px-Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg/440px-Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1195" data-file-height="1593" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anto%27nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anto'nio de Oliveira Salazar (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Anto'nio de Oliveira Salazar</a> kóp kontinentlik Portugaliyanı saqlap qalıwǵa intildi. </figcaption></figure> Ekinshi jáhán urısınan keyin Evropa mámleketleriniń imperiyalarida kolonizatorlikke qarsı háreketleri kúshaya basladı. Suwıq urıs Portugaliyanıń shet el degi xalqı ortasında da biyqararlıqtı keltirip shıǵardı, sebebi Qospa Shtatlar hám Sovet Birlespesi óz tásir dóńgeleklerin asırıw ushın gúresdiler.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1947-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1947-jılde</a> <a href="/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya">Angliya</a> tárepinen <a href="/wiki/Hindstan" title="Hindstan">Hindstanga</a> ǵárezsizlik berilgeninen keyin hám Fransiya Hindstan daǵı anklavlarni jańa ǵárezsiz mámleket quramına qosıwǵa ruqsat beriw tuwrısındaǵı sheshiminen keyin Portugaliyaǵa da tap sonday qılıw ushın basım ótkerildi<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a>. Buǵan <a href="/w/index.php?title=1933-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1933-jılde</a> hákimiyattı qolǵa alǵan Anto'nio de Oliveira Salazar qarsılıq kórsetdi. Salazar 1950-jılda anklavlarni Portugaliyanıń ajıralmaytuǵın bólegi retinde kórip, Hindstan Bas ministri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jawaharlal_Neru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jawaharlal Neru (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Jawaharlal Nerudıń</a> qaytarıw haqqındaǵı soranıwın biykarlaw etdi<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a>. Keyingi jılı Portugaliya Konstitusiyasına koloniyalardıń mártebein shet el degi provinsiyalarga ózgertiw ushın ózgertiw kirgizildi.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1954-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1954-jılde</a> jergilikli kóterilis Hindstannıń Dadra hám Nagar Xaveli anklavlarida Portugaliya húkimetiniń awdarılıwına alıp keldi. Hindstanda qalǵan Portugaliya koloniyalarınıń bar ekenligi barǵan sayın kúshsizlenip bardı hám Neru Hindstannıń derlik barlıq ishki siyasiy partiyaları, sonıń menen birge, Sovet Birlespesi jáne onıń birlespeshileri tárepinen qollap -quwatlandı. 1961-jılda Angolada portugallarga qarsı kóterilisten kóp ótpey, Neru Hindstan armiyasına <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Goa</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daman_h%C3%A1m_Diu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daman hám Diu (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Daman hám Diuga</a> hújim qılıw buyrıǵın berdi hám olar demde iyelendi hám keyingi jılı rásmiy anneksiya etildi. Salazar aymaqlardı jaysha basıp alınǵan dep esaplab, suverenliitetning ótkeriliwin tán alıwdan bas tartdı. Goa wálayatı 1974-jılǵa shekem Portugaliya Milliy Assambleyasında qatnasıwda dawam etdi<a href="#cite_note-Anderson153-155">[155]</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=1961-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1961-jıl</a> fevral ayında <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angolade</a> Portugaliya zorlıqshılıǵınıń baslanıwı Afrika daǵı Portugaliya imperiyasi tawısıwınıń baslanıwı edi. Angola daǵı Portugaliya armiyası oficerleri partizanlarni urıs baslanıwı menen áskeriy tárepten gúresiwge ılayıq emesligin aytıp, ózara kelisiwler ǵárezsizlik háreketi menen baslanıwı kerek, degen pikirde edi. Biraq, Salazar imperiyani qol qatılmas saqlawǵa qatań qarar etkenligin áshkara járiyaladı hám jıl aqırına kelip ol jerge 50, 000 ásker jaylastırdı. Sol jılı Batıs Afrika qul sawdasınıń qaldıg'i bolǵan Ouida qalasındaǵı kishi Portugaliya qorǵanı San João Baptista de Ajuda Fransiyadan ǵárezsizlikke erisken Dahomey (házirgi <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>) jańa húkimeti tárepinen qosıp alındı. Angolada baslanǵan ǵárezsizlik háreketleri tez arada basqa koloniyalarǵa da yojıldi hám <a href="/wiki/1963-j%C4%B1l" class="mw-redirect" title="1963-jıl">1963-jılda</a> <a href="/wiki/Gvineya" title="Gvineya">Gvineyade</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=1964-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1964-jılde</a> <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambikde</a> sonday háreketler bolıp ótti<a href="#cite_note-Anderson153-155">[155]</a>. Angola hám Mozambiktegi puqaralar urısları asıǵıslıq menen baslanıp ketti, burınǵı kóterilisshiler (Sovet Birlespesi hám Kuba tárepinen qollanǵan ) tárepinen dúzilgen kommunistlik húkimetler Zair, Qubla Afrika hám Qospa Shtatlar sıyaqlı mámleketlikler tárepinen qollap -quwatlanǵan kóterilisshi gruppalarǵa qarsı gúresdi<a href="#cite_note-ArnoldWiener11-12-156">[156]</a>. Shıǵıs Timor da 1975-jılda óz ǵárezsizligin járiyaladı. Biraq <a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%B1%C7%B5%C4%B1s_Timor" title="Shıǵıs Timor">Shıǵıs Timor</a> demde qońsılas <a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziya</a> tárepinen basıp alındı hám <a href="/wiki/1999-j%C4%B1l" class="mw-redirect" title="1999-jıl">1999-jılde</a> mámleket quramına qosıp alındı. Birlesken Milletler Shólkemi qáwenderligidegi referendum nátiyjesinde Shıǵıs Timorlıqlardıń kópshiligi ǵárezsizlikti tańladı hám aqır-aqıbetde 2002-jılda olar óz ǵárezsizligine eristi.<a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makaodıń</a> 1999 -jıl 20 -dekabrde tapsırılıwı rásmiy Portugaliya imperiyasining tamamlanılıwı hám Aziyadaǵı kolonizatorliktiń tawsılıwın belgilep berdi<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1987-j%C4%B1l" class="mw-redirect" title="1987-jıl">1987-jılde</a> Portugaliya Qıtay Xalıq Respublikası menen Qıtay -Portugaliya qospa deklaratsiyasın imzoladi jáne onıń shet elde qalǵan sońǵı múlki bolǵan Makao suverenitetti tapsırıw procesi hám shártlerin belgiledi. Bul process eki jıl aldın Birlesken Korollıǵılıq hám Qıtay ortasındaǵı Gonkong boyınsha shártlesiwge uqsas bolsa -de, Portugaliyanıń múlki Makaodıń Qıtayǵa ótkeriliwi Gonkongdıń Qıtayǵa ótkeriliwine qaraǵanda kemrek qarsılıqqa dus keldi. Sebebi Portugaliya qashannan berli Makaonı <a href="/w/index.php?title=1979-j%C4%B1l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979-jıl (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1979-jılde</a> Portugaliya qol astındaǵı Qıtay aymaǵı retinde tán alǵan edi<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miyraslar">Miyraslar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Miyraslar bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=25" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Miyraslar">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:CPLP_-_Mapa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CPLP_-_Mapa.svg/220px-CPLP_-_Mapa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CPLP_-_Mapa.svg/330px-CPLP_-_Mapa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CPLP_-_Mapa.svg/440px-CPLP_-_Mapa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Portugal tilinde sóylesiwshi mámleketler jámiyetshiliginiń kartası (CPLP)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:The_Portuguese_Empire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Portuguese_Empire.png/220px-The_Portuguese_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Portuguese_Empire.png/330px-The_Portuguese_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Portuguese_Empire.png/440px-The_Portuguese_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="2753" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Portugaliya imperiyasi quramina kirgen aymaqlarǵa iye mámleketler</figcaption></figure> Portugaliyanıń 7 burınǵı koloniyalarında <a href="/wiki/Portugal_tili" title="Portugal tili">portugal tili</a> rásmiy til retinde qabıl etilgen. Portugaliya menen birgelikte olar portugal tilinde sóylesiwshi mámleketler jámiyetshiligine aǵza bolıp, olar jámi 10, 742, 000 km² yamasa Jer aymaǵınıń 7, 2 % ni quraydı<a href="#cite_note-CPLP-160">[160]</a>. Portugal tilin úshinshi rásmiy til retinde qabıl etken <a href="/wiki/Ekvatorial_Gvineya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekvatorial Gvineya">Ekvatorial Gvineya</a> házirde <a href="/wiki/Mavrikiy" title="Mavrikiy">Mavrikiy</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegalmenen</a> birge bul shólkemdiń gúzetshisi esaplanadı. Bunnan tısqarı, on eki kandidat mámleket bul jámiyetshilikke qosıw ushın arza tapsırǵan hám tastıyıqlanishini kútip atır. Búgingi kúnde <a href="/wiki/Portugal_tili" title="Portugal tili">portugal tili</a> dúnyadaǵı tiykarǵı tillerden biri bolıp, dúnya boylap 240 millionga jaqın sóylesiwshige iye hám 6 -orında turadı. Bul til Amerika kontinentindegi úshinshi eń kóp gápiriladigan til esaplanadı, tiykarınan Braziliya xalqı sebepli. Bunnan tısqarı, kóplegen portugal tiline tiykarlanǵan kreol tilleri ámeldegi, sonday-aq Perishtekadagi Cristang jámiyetshiliginiń xalqı paydalanatuǵın til<a href="#cite_note-lingpt-161">[161]</a>. Sonıń menen birge, Afrika daǵı kóplegen burınǵı koloniya múlkinde lingua franca hám 8 mámlekette rásmiy til, sonıń menen birge, Makao basqarıw aymaǵında kanton tili menen birge rásmiy til esaplanadı. Portugal tili Yaponiyada da óz tásirin qaldırdı. Búgingi kúnde yapon tili leksikologiyasida bir qansha kelip shıǵıwı portugalcha bolǵan sózler bar. Portugallar dúnyanıń kóplegen aymaqlarında úlken insaniy, materiallıq hám ruwxıy miyraslar qaldırdı.<a href="/w/index.php?title=1527-yil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1527-yil (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1527-yilde</a> tek 1, 2 million xalıqqa iye bolǵan Portugaliya xalqi dúnyaǵa tarqaldı hám kóplegen jańa aymaqlarǵa hám civilizatsiyalarǵa tiykar salındılar<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derekler">Derekler</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Derekler bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=26" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Derekler">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r57497">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPageSonnenburg2003">Page & Sonnenburg 2003</a>, s. 481 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPageSonnenburg2003 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrockey2008">Brockey 2008</a>, s. xv harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrockey2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFJuangMorrissette2008">Juang & Morrissette 2008</a>, s. 894 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJuangMorrissette2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius301-4"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius301_4-0">↑</a> harvnb|Diffie|Winius|1977|p=301}} </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt2005_p15-17-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt2005_p15-17_5-0">↑</a> harvnb|Newitt|2005|pp=15-17}} </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt19-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt19_6-0">↑</a> harvnb|Newitt|2005|p=19}} </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> {{#refAbernethy|Abernethy]], p. 4}} </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt21-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt21_8-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt2005">Newitt 2005</a>, s. 21 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 55 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius56-10"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius56_10-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 56]]: Henry, a product of 15 th-century Portugal, was inspired by both religious and economic factors. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson50-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson50_11-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>, s. 50 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnderson2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Coates60-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Coates60_12-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCoates2002">Coates 2002</a>, s. 60 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCoates2002 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:L._S._Stavrianos,_%27%27The_World_since_1500:_a_Global_history%27%27_(1966_)_pp._92-93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:L. S. Stavrianos, ''The World since 1500: a Global history'' (1966 ) pp. 92-93 (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:L. S. Stavrianos, ''The World since 1500: a Global history'' (1966 ) pp. 92-93</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius68-14"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius68_14-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 68 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Daus33-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Daus33_15-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDaus1983">Daus 1983</a>, s. 33 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDaus1983 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Boxer29-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Boxer29_16-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoxer1969">Boxer 1969</a>, s. 29 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBoxer1969 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Russell-Wood1998_p9-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Russell-Wood1998_p9_17-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRussell-Wood1998">Russell-Wood 1998</a>, s. 9 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRussell-Wood1998 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodriguez79-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Rodriguez79_18-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2007">Rodriguez 2007</a>, s. 79 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRodriguez2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius469-19"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius469_19-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 469 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Godinho,_v._M._%27%27Os_Descobrimentos_e_a_Economia_Mundial%27%27,_Arc%C3%A1dia,_1965,_vol_1_and_2,_Lisboa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Godinho, v. 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id="cite_note-DiffieWinius156-26"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius156_26-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 156 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson59-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson59_27-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>, s. 59 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnderson2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt47-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt47_28-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt2005">Newitt 2005</a>, s. 47 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson55-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson55_29-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>, s. 55 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnderson2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-McAlister73-75-30"><a href="#cite_ref-McAlister73-75_30-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcAlister1984">McAlister 1984</a>, ss. 73–75 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcAlister1984 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-BethencourtCurto165-31"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Boxer36-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Boxer36_34-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoxer1969">Boxer 1969</a>, s. 36 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBoxer1969 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius176_-185-35"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius176_-185_35-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, ss. 176–185 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-McAlister75-36"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.">keralatourism. org/destination/thangasseri-kollam/296 „Thangasseri, Kollam, Dutch Quilon, Kerala“</a>. 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(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Macmillan11-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Macmillan11_43-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacmillan2000">Macmillan 2000</a>, s. 11 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMacmillan2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius237-239-44"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius237-239_44-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, ss. 237–239 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009_b128-29-45">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b128-29_45-0">45,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b128-29_45-1">45,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009_b">Disney & 2009 b</a>, ss. 128–129 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009_b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius245-247-46"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius245-247_46-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, ss. 245–247 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Subrahmanyam67-83-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Subrahmanyam67-83_47-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSubrahmanyam2012">Subrahmanyam 2012</a>, 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jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Shastry34-45-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Shastry34-45_50-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFShastry2000">Shastry 2000</a>, ss. 34–45 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShastry2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009_b130-51">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b130_51-0">51,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b130_51-1">51,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009_b">Disney & 2009 b</a>, s. 130 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009_b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-deSouza220-52"><a href="#cite_ref-deSouza220_52-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFde_Souza1990">de Souza 1990</a>, s. 220 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFde_Souza1990 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Mehta291-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Mehta291_53-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMehta1980">Mehta 1980</a>, s. 291 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMehta1980 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ricklefs23-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs23_54-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRicklefs1991">Ricklefs 1991</a>, s. 23 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRicklefs1991 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kratoska2004_p98-55">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Kratoska2004_p98_55-0">55,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kratoska2004_p98_55-1">55,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFKratoska2004">Kratoska 2004</a>, s. 98 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKratoska2004 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Gipouloux2011_p301-302-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Gipouloux2011_p301-302_56-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGipouloux2011">Gipouloux 2011</a>, ss. 301–302 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGipouloux2011 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt2005_p78-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt2005_p78_57-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt2005">Newitt 2005</a>, s. 78 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ooi2009_p202-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2009_p202_58-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOoi2009">Ooi 2009</a>, s. 202 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFOoi2009 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Lach520_-521-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Lach520_-521_59-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLach1994">Lach 1994</a>, ss. 520–521 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLach1994 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Encyclopedia_of_the_Peoples_of_Asia_and_Oceania_by_Barbara_A._West._Infobase_Publishing,_2009.p._800&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania by Barbara A. West. Infobase Publishing, 2009.p. 800 (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania by Barbara A. West. Infobase Publishing, 2009.p. 800</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-QuanchiRobson2005-61"><a href="#cite_ref-QuanchiRobson2005_61-0">↑</a> Quanchi, Max; Robson, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.">com/books? id=FUwDzM94 jGUC Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands</a>. Scarecrow Press, 2005 — xliii bet. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/978-0-8108-6528-0" title="Arnawlı:Kitap qaýnarları/978-0-8108-6528-0">ISBN 978-0-8108-6528-0</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Discovery+and+Exploration+of+the+Pacific+Islands&rft.aulast=Quanchi&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.pages=xliii &rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6528-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.+com%2Fbooks%3F+id%3DFUwDzM94+jGUC">  </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:De_Silva_Jayasuriya,_p._86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:De Silva Jayasuriya, p. 86 (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:De Silva Jayasuriya, p. 86</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris225-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Harris225_63-0">↑</a> kitap deregi|last=Harris|first=Jonathan Gil|title=The First Firangis|url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google">https://books.google</a>. com/books? id=Y4 i7 BwAAQBAJ&pg=PT225|year=2015|publisher=Aleph Book Company|isbn=978-93-83064-91-5|page=225}} </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John King. The Cambridge History of China, 1978 — 336 bet. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/978-0-521-24333-9" title="Arnawlı:Kitap qaýnarları/978-0-521-24333-9">ISBN 978-0-521-24333-9</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China&rft.aulast=Twitchett&rft.aufirst=Denis+Crispin&rft.pages=336 &rft.isbn=978-0-521-24333-9">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Edmonds2002-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Edmonds2002_65-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.">com/books? id=mXoFscQ2 QwsC China and Europe Since 1978: A European Perspective</a>. Cambridge University Press, September 2002 — 1 bet. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/978-0-521-52403-2" title="Arnawlı:Kitap qaýnarları/978-0-521-52403-2">ISBN 978-0-521-52403-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+and+Europe+Since+1978%3A+A+European+Perspective&rft.date=September+2002&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.pages=1 &rft.isbn=978-0-521-52403-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.+com%2Fbooks%3F+id%3DmXoFscQ2+QwsC">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Ward2008-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Ward2008_66-0">↑</a> kitap deregi| last=Ward| first=Gerald W. R.| title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques ın Art| url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google">https://books.google</a>. com/books? id=mkJfbdTS--UC| year=2008| publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19 -531391-8| page=37}} </li> <li id="cite_note-Gleason2007-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Gleason2007_67-0">↑</a> kitap deregi| last=Gleason| first=Carrie| title=The Biography of Tea| url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google">https://books.google</a>. com/books? id=o-54 TjlhrfIC| year=2007| publisher=Crabtree Publishing Company| isbn=978-0-7787-2493-3| page=12}} </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Hong_Kong_%26_Macau_14_By_Andrew_Stone,_Piera_Chen,_Chung_Wah_Chow_Lonely_Planet,_2010.pp._20_-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Hong Kong & Macau 14 By Andrew Stone, Piera Chen, Chung Wah Chow Lonely Planet, 2010.pp. 20 -21 (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:Hong Kong & Macau 14 By Andrew Stone, Piera Chen, Chung Wah Chow Lonely Planet, 2010.pp. 20 -21</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Hong_Kong_%26_Macau_By_Jules_Brown_Rough_Guides,_2002.p._195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Hong Kong & Macau By Jules Brown Rough Guides, 2002.p. 195 (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:Hong Kong & Macau By Jules Brown Rough Guides, 2002.p. 195</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.">archive. org/web/20130130144843/http://algarvedailynews. com/features/history/4372-tne-portuguese-ın-the-far-east „Tne Portuguese ın the Far East“</a>. Algarvedailynews. com (30-yanvar 2013-jıl). 2013-01-30 ]] webarxivda túp nusqadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.">archive. org/web/20130130144843/http://algarvedailynews. com/features/history/4372-tne-portuguese-ın-the-far-east arxivlendi</a>. Qaraldı: 18-aprel 2013-jıl. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.">china. org. cn/english/culture/119676. htm „'Portugal's Discovery ın China' az waqıt Display“</a>. www. china. org. cn. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> {{p. 343-344, Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.">com/books? id=tvhvh6 ibLJcC&lpg=PA344&dq=Leonel%20 de%20 Sousa%20 Macau&pg=PA344#v=onepage&q=Leonel%20 de%20 Sousa%20 Macau&f=false The Cambridge history of China, volume 2; volume 8</a>, Cambridge University Press, 1978, ISBN|0-521-24333-5}} </li> <li id="cite_note-smithsonianmag.com-73"><a href="#cite_ref-smithsonianmag.com_73-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/portugal_exhibit.html">„When Portugal Ruled the Seas | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine“</a>. Smithsonianmag.com. 25-dekabr 2012-jılda túp nusqadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121225010332/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/portugal_exhibit.html">arxivlendi</a>. Qaraldı: 18-aprel 2013-jıl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121225010332/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/portugal_exhibit.html">Arxivlendi</a> 2012-12-25<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine"> Wayback Machine</a> saytında. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesus5-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Jesus5_74-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFJesus1902">Jesus 1902</a>, s. 5 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJesus1902 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodge226-75">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Dodge226_75-0">75,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodge226_75-1">75,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodge226_75-2">75,2</a> <a href="#CITEREFDodge1976">Dodge 1976</a>, s. 226 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDodge1976 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiteway339-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Whiteway339_76-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhiteway1899">Whiteway 1899</a>, s. 339 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWhiteway1899 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009_b175,_184-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b175,_184_77-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009_b">Disney & 2009 b</a>, ss. 175, 184 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009_b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> Leupp, Gary P.. Interracial Intimacy ın Japan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Continuum_International_Publishing_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continuum International Publishing Group (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>, 2003 — 35 bet. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/978-0-8264-6074-5" title="Arnawlı:Kitap qaýnarları/978-0-8264-6074-5">ISBN 978-0-8264-6074-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interracial+Intimacy+%C4%B1n+Japan&rft.aulast=Leupp&rft.aufirst=Gary+P.&rft.pub=%5B%5BContinuum+International+Publishing+Group%5D%5D&rft.pages=35 &rft.isbn=978-0-8264-6074-5">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Ooi2004_p1340-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2004_p1340_79-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOoi2004">Ooi 2004</a>, s. 1340 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFOoi2004 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Juan_Cole,_Sacred_Space_and_Holy_War,_IB_Tauris,_2007_p._37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p. 37 (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p. 37</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Flanagan125-81"><a href="#cite_ref-O'Flanagan125_81-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Flanagan2008">O'Flanagan 2008</a>, s. 125 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFO'Flanagan2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Pearson1976_pp74-82-82">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1976_pp74-82_82-0">82,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1976_pp74-82_82-1">82,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFPearson1976">Pearson 1976</a>, ss. 74–82 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPearson1976 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Malekandathil116_-118-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Malekandathil116_-118_83-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMalekandathil2010">Malekandathil 2010</a>, ss. 116–118 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMalekandathil2010 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Mathew138-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Mathew138_84-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMathew1988">Mathew 1988</a>, s. 138 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMathew1988 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> Uyar, Mesut; J. Erickson, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.">com/books? id=JgfNBKHG7 S8 C&pg=PA76 A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman tap Atatürk</a>. ABC-CLIO, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0275988767" title="Arnawlı:Kitap qaýnarları/0275988767">ISBN 0275988767</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Military+History+of+the+Ottomans%3A+From+Osman+tap+Atat%C3%BCrk&rft.aulast=Uyar&rft.aufirst=Mesut&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO &rft.isbn=0275988767&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.+com%2Fbooks%3F+id%3DJgfNBKHG7+S8+C%26pg%3DPA76">  </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> {{D. 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MIT Press, 1991. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/978-0-262-66072-3" title="Arnawlı:Kitap qaýnarları/978-0-262-66072-3">ISBN 978-0-262-66072-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+%C4%B1n+World+Civilization%3A+A+Thousand-year+History&rft.aulast=Pacey&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.pub=MIT+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-262-66072-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.+org%2Fdetails%2Ftechnologyinworl0000+pace">  </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> {{Yosaburō Takekoshi, „The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan“, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">0-415-32379 -7</a>. }} </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009_b195-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b195_96-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009_b">Disney & 2009 b</a>, s. 195 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009_b (<a 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</li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009_a116-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_a116_99-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009_a">Disney & 2009 a</a>, s. 116 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009_a (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-HerringHerring214-100"><a href="#cite_ref-HerringHerring214_100-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHerringHerring1968">Herring & Herring 1968</a>, s. 214 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHerringHerring1968 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Metcalf_(2006_),_p._60&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Metcalf (2006 ), p. 60 (bet ele 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Portuguese/Japanese Studies| language=en| volume=5| pages=81-116| issn=0874-8438| access-date=2022-03-26| via=[[Redalyc}} </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Francis_A._Dutra._%E2%80%9EOverseas_Council_(Portugal)_%E2%80%9C_%C4%B1n_%27%27Encyclopedia_of_Latin_American_History_and_Culture%27%27,_vol._4,_pp._254-255._New_York:_Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons_1996.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Francis A. Dutra. „Overseas Council (Portugal) “ ın ''Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture'', vol. 4, pp. 254-255. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:Francis A. Dutra. „Overseas Council (Portugal) “ ın ''Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture'', vol. 4, pp. 254-255. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Francis_A._Dutra,_%E2%80%9ESalvador_Correia_de_S%C3%A1_e_Benavides%E2%80%9C_%C4%B1n_%27%27Encyclopedia_of_Latin_American_History_and_Culture%27%27,_vol._5,_p._2._New_York:_Charles_A._Scribner%27s_Sons_1996.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Francis A. Dutra, „Salvador Correia de Sá e Benavides“ ın ''Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture'', vol. 5, p. 2. New York: Charles A. Scribner's Sons 1996. (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:Francis A. Dutra, „Salvador Correia de Sá e Benavides“ ın ''Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture'', vol. 5, p. 2. New York: Charles A. Scribner's Sons 1996.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cowans2003-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Cowans2003_127-0">↑</a> [[kitap deregi| editor-last=Cowans| editor-first=Jan| title=Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History| url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google">https://books.google</a>. com/books? id=Ksf_tz5 x5 FwC&pg=PA180| access-date=10 -iyul 2012-jıl| year=2003| publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press| isbn=0-8122-1845-0| page=180}} </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:History_of_the_Atlar_tart%C4%B1p_j%C3%BAretu%C7%B5%C4%B1n_tramvayn_by_Alexander_Kyd_Nairne_pp._84-85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:History of the Atlar tartıp júretuǵın tramvayn by Alexander Kyd Nairne pp. 84-85 (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:History of the Atlar tartıp júretuǵın tramvayn by Alexander Kyd Nairne pp. 84-85</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmed330-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed330_129-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAhmed2011">Ahmed 2011</a>, s. 330 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAhmed2011 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> {{Portuguese Studies Review <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">1057-1515</a> (Baywolf Press) p. 35}} </li> <li id="cite_note-Boxer168-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Boxer168_131-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoxer1969">Boxer 1969</a>, s. 168 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBoxer1969 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009_b268-69-132"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b268-69_132-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009_b">Disney & 2009 b</a>, ss. 268–269 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009_b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009_b273-275-133"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b273-275_133-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009_b">Disney & 2009 b</a>, ss. 273–275 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009_b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Bethell203-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Bethell203_134-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBethell1985">Bethell 1985</a>, s. 203 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBethell1985 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009_b267-68-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b267-68_135-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009_b">Disney & 2009 b</a>, ss. 267–268 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009_b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009_b288-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009_b288_136-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009_b">Disney & 2009 b</a>, s. 288 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009_b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-KozakCermak131-137"><a href="#cite_ref-KozakCermak131_137-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKozákCermák2007">Kozák & Cermák 2007</a>, s. 131 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKozákCermák2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramasamy2006-138"><a href="#cite_ref-Ramasamy2006_138-0">↑</a> [[kitap deregi| editor1-last=Ramasamy| editor1-first=SM.| editor2-last=Kumanan| editor2-first=C. J.| editor3-last=Sivakumar| editor3-first=R.| display-editors = 3| editor4-last=Singh| editor4-first=Bhoop| title=Geomatics ın Tsunami| url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google">https://books.google</a>. com/books? id=5 gEBfvCBclUC&pg=PA8| access-date=10 -iyul 2012-jıl| year=2006| publisher=New India Publishing| isbn=978-81-89422-31-8| page=8}} </li> <li id="cite_note-Bethell177-178-139"><a href="#cite_ref-Bethell177-178_139-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBethell1985">Bethell 1985</a>, ss. 177–178 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBethell1985 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Angus1837-140"><a href="#cite_ref-Angus1837_140-0">↑</a> [[kitap deregi| editor-last=Angus| editor-first=William| title=History of England: From the Roman Invasion tap the Accession of Queen victoria I| url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive">https://archive</a>. org/details/historyenglandf00 angugoog| access-date=10 -iyul 2012-jıl| year=1837| location=Glasgow| pages=<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130712160429/https://archive./">org/details/historyenglandf00 angugoog/page/n264 254</a>-255}} </li> <li id="cite_note-Levine2003-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Levine2003_141-0">↑</a> [[kitap deregi| last=Levine| first=Robert M.| title=The History of Brazil| url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google">https://books.google</a>. com/books? id=Pi56 Cw3 yGfcC&pg=PA59| access-date=10 -iyul 2012-jıl| year=2003| publisher=Palgrave Macmillan| isbn=978-1-4039 -6255-3| pages=59 -61}} </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt1995_pp335-336-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt1995_pp335-336_142-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt1995">Newitt 1995</a>, ss. 335–336 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt1995 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Corrado18-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Corrado18_143-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCorrado2008">Corrado 2008</a>, s. 18 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCorrado2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Lisboa134-144">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lisboa134_144-0">144,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lisboa134_144-1">144,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lisboa134_144-2">144,2</a> <a href="#CITEREFLisboa2008">Lisboa 2008</a>, s. 134 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLisboa2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheeler48-61-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Wheeler48-61_145-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWheeler1998">Wheeler 1998</a>, ss. 48–61 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWheeler1998 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-vincent-Smith1974-146"><a href="#cite_ref-vincent-Smith1974_146-0">↑</a> [[jurnal deregi| title=The Anglo-German Negotiations over the Portuguese Colonies ın Africa, 1911-14| url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive">https://archive</a>. org/details/sim_historical-journal_1974-09_17_3/page/620| last=vincent-Smith| first=J. D.| journal=The Historical Journal| volume=17| issue=3| date=Qızǵa beriletuǵın dúńya 1974| issn=0018-246 X| jstor=2638392| publisher=Cambridge University Press| pages=620 -629| doi=10. 1017/s0018246 x0000532 x}} </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.">org/stream/independen79 v80 newy#page/121/mode/1 up „Portugal enters the war“</a> (26 -oct 1914-jıl). Qaraldı: 24-iyul 2012-jıl. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheeler128-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Wheeler128_148-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWheeler1998">Wheeler 1998</a>, s. 128 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWheeler1998 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.">newforestexplorersguide. co. uk/sitefolders/faqs/portuguesefireplace/portuguesefireplacepage. html „Portuguese Fireplace“</a>. Newforestexplorersguide. co. uk. Qaraldı: 6-avgust 2014-jıl. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwar1.com/france/portugal.htm">„Battle of La Lys“</a>. 3-iyun 2007-jılda túp nusqadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070603044406/http://www.worldwar1.com/france/portugal.htm">arxivlendi</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070603044406/http://www.worldwar1.com/france/portugal.htm">Arxivlendi</a> 2007-06-03<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine"> Wayback Machine</a> saytında. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Thomas,_H._B.,_%E2%80%9EThe_Kionga_Triangle%E2%80%9C,_%27%27Te%C5%84genyika_Notes_and_Records%27%27_volume_31_1951,_pp._47-50.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Thomas, H. B., „The Kionga Triangle“, ''Teńgenyika Notes and Records'' volume 31 1951, pp. 47-50. (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:Thomas, H. B., „The Kionga Triangle“, ''Teńgenyika Notes and Records'' volume 31 1951, pp. 47-50.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koffi2012-152"><a href="#cite_ref-Koffi2012_152-0">↑</a> [[kitap deregi| last=Koffi| first=Ettien| title=Paradigm Shift ın Language Plandıń and Policy: Game-Theoretic Solutions| url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google">https://books.google</a>. com/books? id=2 C1 TGbN5 R84 C&pg=PA98| access-date=12-iyul 2012-jıl| year=2012| publisher=Walter de Gruyter, Inc.| location=Boston/Berlin| isbn=978-1-934078-10 -5| page=98}} </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">↑</a> {{<a href="#refPearson">Pearson 1987, p. 158</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">↑</a> {{<a href="#refPearson">Pearson 1987, p. 160</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson153-155">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson153_155-0">155,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson153_155-1">155,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>, s. 153 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnderson2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ArnoldWiener11-12-156"><a href="#cite_ref-ArnoldWiener11-12_156-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFArnoldWiener2012">Arnold & Wiener 2012</a>, ss. 11–12 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFArnoldWiener2012 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:Harv and Sfn template errors (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130711072650/http://www.news/.">bbc. co. uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1996673. stm „East Timor : Birth of a nation“</a>. Qaraldı: 12-iyul 2012-jıl. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707174408/https://www.bo/.">io.gov. mo/bo/i/88/23/dc/en/ „Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and The Government of the Republic of Portugal az waqıt the question of Macao“</a>. Government Printing Bureau (Macao SAR) (1987). Qaraldı: 5 dekabr. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">↑</a> {{<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130711072650/http://news./">bbc. co. uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/566301. stm Macau and the end of empire</a>, 18 December 1999. <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC News (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">BBC News</a>}} </li> <li id="cite_note-CPLP-160"><a href="#cite_ref-CPLP_160-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.">cplp. org/id-22. aspx „CPLP“</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-lingpt-161"><a href="#cite_ref-lingpt_161-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.">tvi24. iol.pt/sociedade/lingua-portuguesa-portugues-ensino-governo-alunos/972503-4071. html „Somos 240 milhões de falantes“</a>. www. tvi24. iol.pt. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Algi:Numeramento_ou_Cadastro_Geral_do_Reino,_de_nowrap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlgi:Numeramento ou Cadastro Geral do Reino, de nowrap (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Úlgi:Numeramento ou Cadastro Geral do Reino, de nowrap</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r52321">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ádebiyatlar">Ádebiyatlar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Ádebiyatlar bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=27" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Ádebiyatlar">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <ul><li>Abeyasinghe, Tikiri. Jaffna Under the Portuguese. Lake House Investments, 1986.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9789555520003" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-9555520003</a>.</li> <li>Abir, MordechaiEthiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge, 1980.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780714631646" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0714631646</a>.</li> <li>Ahmed, Farooqui SalmaA Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Pearson Education India, 2011.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9788131732021" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-81-317-3202-1</a>.</li> <li>Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2. Oxford University Press, 2010.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780195337709" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780195337709</a>.</li> <li>Cold War: The Essential Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO, 2012.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781610690034" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-61069-003-4</a>.</li> <li>Brockey, Liam MatthewPortuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780754663133" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7546-6313-3</a>.</li> <li>Abernethy, DavidThe Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980. Yale University Press, 2000.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0300093144" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-300-09314-4</a>.</li> <li>Anderson, James MaxwellThe History of Portugal. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0313311064" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-313-31106-4</a>.</li> <li>Bakewell, PeterA History of Latin America to 1825. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781405183680" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1405183680</a>.</li> <li>Bethell, LeslieThe Independence of Latin America. Cambridge University Press, 1985.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780521349277" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-34927-7</a>.</li> <li>Bethencourt, Francisco; Curto, Diogo Ramada. Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1800. Cambridge University Press, 2007.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780521846448" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-84644-8</a>.</li> <li>Black, JeremyWar in the World: A Comparative History, 1450–1600. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780230344266" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780230344266</a>.</li> <li>Boxer, Charles RalphThe Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825. Hutchinson, 1969.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0091310717" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-09-131071-7</a>.</li> <li>Boyajian, JamesPortuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640. JHU Press, 2008.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780801887543" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8018-8754-3</a>.</li> <li>Christian-Muslim Relations. a Bibliographical History.: Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600). Brill Academic Publishers, 2015.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9789004297203" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-9004297203</a>.</li> <li>Coates, Timothy JoelConvicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonization in the Portuguese Empire, 1550–1755. Stanford University Press, 2002.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780804733595" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780804733595</a>.</li> <li>Cohen, LeonardoThe Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632). Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9783447058926" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</a>.</li> <li>Corrado, JacopoThe Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism: 1870–1920. Cambria Press, 2008.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781604975291" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781604975291</a>.</li> <li>Crowley, Roger. Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire (2015)</li> <li>Curto, Diogo Ramada. Imperial Culture and Colonial Projects: The Portuguese-Speaking World from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries (Berghahn Books, 2020) online review</li> <li>de Almeida, Miguel Vale. An Earth-colored Sea: Race, Culture And The Politics Of Identity In The Post-colonial Portuguese-speaking World. Berghahn Books, 2004.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781782388548" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-78238-854-8</a>.</li> <li>Davies, Kenneth GordonThe North Atlantic World in the Seventeenth Century. University of Minnesota Press, 1974.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0816607133" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8166-0713-3</a>.</li> <li>Davis, David BrionInhuman Bondage: The Rise And Fall of Slavery in the New World. Oxford University Press, 2006.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780195140736" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780195140736</a>.</li> <li>Diffie, Bailey W.; Winius, George D.Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press, 1977.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780816607822" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2</a>.</li> <li>Disney, A.R.. History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 1, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807. Cambridge University Press, 2009a.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780521843188" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0521843188</a>.</li> <li>Disney, A.R.. History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 2, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807. Cambridge University Press, 2009b.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780521738224" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0521738224</a>.</li> <li>Dodge, Ernest StanleyIslands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia. University of Minnesota Press, 1976. — 226 bet. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780816607884" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0816607884</a>.</li> <li>Gallagher, TomPortugal: A Twentieth Century Interpretation. St. Martin's Press, 1982.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780719008764" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780719008764</a>.</li> <li>Gann, Louis Henry; Duignan, PeterAfrica and the World: An Introduction to the History of Sub-Saharan Africa from Antiquity to 1840. University Press of America, 1972.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780761815204" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7618-1520-4</a>.</li> <li>Gipouloux, FrançoisThe Asian Mediterranean: Port Cities and Trading Networks in China, Japan and Southeast Asia, 13th–21st Century. Edward Elger, 2011.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780857934260" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0857934260</a>.</li> <li>Goodman, Grant K.Japan and the Dutch 1600-1835. Routledge, 2000.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780700712205" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0700712205</a>.</li> <li>Goodwin, StefanAfrica's Legacies Of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent. Lexington Books, 2008.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780739151761" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7391-5176-1</a>.</li> <li>Gupta, Pamila. Portuguese Decolonization in the Indian Ocean World: History and Ethnography (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018).</li> <li>Herring, Hubert Clinton; Herring, Helen BaldwinA History of Latin America: From the Beginnings to the Present. Knopf, 1968.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0224602845" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-224-60284-5</a>.</li> <li>Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585–1660. Cambridge University Press, 2007.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780521770651" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780521770651</a>.</li> <li>Jesus, Carlos Augusto MontaltoHistoric Macao. Kelly & Walsh, ltd., 1902.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781143225352" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781143225352</a>. „Carlos Augusto Montalto Jesus Macao.“</li> <li>Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, Volume 2. ABC-CLIO, 2008.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781851094417" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85109-441-7</a>.</li> <li>Kamen, HenryPhilip of Spain. Yale University Press, 1999.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780300078008" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780300078008</a>.</li> <li>Kozák, Jan; Cermák, VladimirThe Illustrated History of Natural Disasters. Springer, 2007.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9789048133246" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9789048133246</a>.</li> <li>Kratoska, Paul H.South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800. Taylor and Francis, 2004.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780415215404" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0415215404</a>.</li> <li>Lach, Donald F.Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery. University of Chicago Press, 1994.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780226467085" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780226467085</a>.</li> <li>Ladle, JaneBrazil. American Map, 2000.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780887291302" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780887291302</a>.</li> <li>Lisboa, Maria ManuelPaula Rego's Map of Memory: National and Sexual Politics. Ashgate Publishing, 2008.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780754607205" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7546-0720-5</a>.</li> <li>Lockhart, JamesEarly Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil. Cambridge University Press, 1983.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0521299292" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-29929-2</a>.</li> <li>MacQueen, Norrie. The Decolonization of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire (1997) online</li> <li>Macmillan, AllisterMauritius Illustrated. Educa Books, Facsimile edition, 2000.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0313311064" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-313-31106-4</a>.</li> <li>Mahoney, JamesColonialism and Postcolonial Development Spanish America in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2010.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780521116343" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780521116343</a>.</li> <li>Malekandathil, PiusMaritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean. Primus Books, 2010.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9789380607016" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-9380607016</a>.</li> <li>Mancall, Peter C.The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624. University of North Carolina Press, 2007.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780807838839" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780807838839</a>.</li> <li>Marley, DavidHistoric Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO, 2005.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781576075746" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57607-574-6</a>.</li> <li>Marley, DavidWars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere (2 Volumes). University of Oklahoma Press, 2008.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781598841008" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1598841008</a>.</li> <li>McAlister, LyleSpain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700. University of Minnesota Press, 1984.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0816612161" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8166-1216-1</a>.</li> <li>Mathew, Kuzhippalli SkariaHistory of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497–1600. Mittal Publications, 1988.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9788170990468" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-8170990468</a>.</li> <li>Mehta, Jaswant LalAdvanced Study in the History of Medieval India. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 1980.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9788120706170" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-81-207-0617-0</a>.</li> <li>Metcalf, Alida C.Go-Betweens and the Colonization of Brazil: 1500–1600. University of Texas Press, 2006.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780292712768" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-292-71276-8</a>.</li> <li>Metcalf, Alida C.Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil: Santana de Parnaíba, 1580–1822. University of Texas Press, 2005.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780292706521" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-292-70652-1</a>.</li> <li>Newitt, Malyn D.D.A History of Mozambique. Indiana University Press, 1995. — 335 bet. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780253340061" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-253-34006-1</a>.</li> <li>Newitt, Malyn D.D.A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1668. Routledge, 2005.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0415239796" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-23979-6</a>.</li> <li>O'Flanagan, PatrickPort Cities of Atlantic Iberia, c. 1500–1900. Ashgate Publishing, 2008.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780754661092" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7546-6109-2</a>.</li> <li>de Oliveira Marques, A.H.History of Portugal: From Lusitania to Empire; Vol. 1. Columbia University Press, 1972.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780231031592" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0231031592</a>.</li> <li>Olson, James StuartHistorical Dictionary of European Imperialism. Greenwood, 1991.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780313262579" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780313262579</a>.</li> <li>Ooi, Keat GinSoutheast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor: Volume 1. ABC_CLIO, 2004.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781576077719" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57607-771-9</a>.</li> <li>Ooi, Keat GinHistorical Dictionary of Malaysia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2009.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780810859555" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8108-5955-5</a>.</li> <li>Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia, Volume 2. ABC-CLIO, 2003.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/1576073351" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-57607-335-1</a>.</li> <li>Paquette, Gabriel. Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770–1850. Cambridge University Press, 2014.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781107640764" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1107640764</a>.</li> <li>Panikkar, K.M. (1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498-1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin.</li> <li>Pearson, MichaelMerchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century. University of California Press, 1976. — 76 bet. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780520028098" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0520028098</a>.</li> <li>Pearson, MichaelThe Portuguese in India. Cambridge University Press, 1987.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0521257131" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-25713-1</a>.</li> <li>Ponting, Clive. World History: A New Perspective. Chatto & Windus, 2000.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/070116834X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7011-6834-X</a>.</li> <li>Priolkar, A.K. The Goa Inquisition (Bombay, 1961).</li> <li>Ricklefs, M.C.. A History of Indonesia since c. 1300, 2nd, London: MacMillan, 1991.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0333576896" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-333-57689-6</a>.</li> <li>Rodriguez, Junius P.Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 2. ABC-CLIO, 2007.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781851095490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85109-549-0</a>.</li> <li>do Rosário Pimente, MariaViagem ao fundo das consciências: a escravatura na época moderna. Ediçoʻes Colibri, 1995.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9728047754" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 972-8047-75-4</a>.</li> <li>Russell-Wood, A.J.R.Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550–1755. University of California Press, 1968..</li> <li>Russell-Wood, A.J.R.The Portuguese Empire 1415–1808. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0801859557" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8018-5955-7</a>.</li> <li>Scammell, Geoffrey VaughnThe First Imperial Age, European Overseas Expansion c. 1400–1715. Routledge, 1997.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0415090857" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-09085-7</a>.</li> <li>Scarano, JulitaMIGRAÇÃO SOB CONTRATO: A OPINIÃO DE EÇA DE QUEIROZ. Unesp- Ceru, 2009.. Arxivlandi 2013-02-04 Wayback Machine saytida.</li> <li>Schwartz, Stuart B.Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil: The High Court of Bahia and Its Judges, 1609–1751. University of California Press, 1973.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780520021952" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0520021952</a>.</li> <li>Shastry, Bhagamandala SeetharamaGoa-Kanara Portuguese Relations, 1498–1763. Concept Publishers, 2000.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9788170228486" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-8170228486</a>.</li> <li>de Silva Jayasuriya, ShihanThe Portuguese in the East: A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Empire. I.B. Taurus, 2008.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781845115852" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1845115852</a>.</li> <li>Goa Through the Ages: An Economic History, Issue 6 of Goa University publication series Volume 2. Concept Publishing Company, 1990.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/8170222591" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-7022-259-1</a>.</li> <li>Stapleton, Timothy J.A Military History of Africa. ABC-CLIO, 2013.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780313395697" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-313-39569-7</a>.</li> <li>Subrahmanyam, SanjayThe Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700: A Political and Economic History, 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781118274019" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-118-27401-9</a>.</li> <li>Thomas, HughThe Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870. Simon and Schuster, 1997.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9780684835655" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-684-83565-5</a>.</li> <li>Thornton, John K.Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500–1800. Routledge, 2000.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781135365844" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-135-36584-4</a>.</li> <li>Treece, DaveExiles, Allies, Rebels: Brazil's Indianist Movement, Indigenist Politics, and the Imperial Nation-State. Praeger, 2000.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781851095490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85109-549-0</a>.</li> <li>Velupillai, Viveka. Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction. John Benjamins, 2015.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/9781851095490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-85109-549-0</a>.</li> <li>Wheeler, Douglas L.Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/0299074501" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-299-07450-1</a>.</li> <li>White, PaulaExploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500–1500. Facts on File, Inc., 2005. — 138 bet. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/3872942026" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-87294-202-6</a>.</li> <li>Whiteway, Richard StephenThe Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497–1550. Archibald Constable & Co., 1899..</li> <li>Yamashiro, JoséChoque Luso No Japão Dos Séculos XVI e XVII. Ibrasa, 1989.. <a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kitap_qa%C3%BDnarlar%C4%B1/1740594215" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-74059-421-5</a>.</li></ul> --> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siltemeler">Siltemeler</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Siltemeler bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">redaktorlaw</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&section=28" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Siltemeler">derekti redaktorlaw</a>]</div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"><div align="left" style="float:left"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Commons:Special:Search/Portugaliya Imperiyası"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left: 60px;">Wikimedia Commonsta <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Portugaliya Imperiyası">Portugaliya Imperiyası</a> boyınsha fayllar bar. </div></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timelines.info/history/empires_and_civilizations/portuguese_empire/">Portugaliya imperiyasi xronologiyasi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonialvoyage.com/">Gollandiya Portugaliya mustamlakachilik tarixi</a>: Seylon, Hindiston, Malakka, Bengal, Formosa, Afrika, Braziliyada portugal va gollandlarning tarixi. Til merosi, xaritalar.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4397/">„The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe“</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Kitchin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Kitchin (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Thomas Kitchin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217055451/http://www.spiceislandsforts.com/">Forts of the Spice Islands of Indonesia</a></li> <li>Senaka Weeraratna, 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225130354/http://vgweb.org/unethicalconversion/port_rep.htm">„Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese (1505-1658)“</a>, Australian Centre for Sri Lankan Unity</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" 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