Sen. David Durenberger [R-MN, 1978-1994], former Senator for Minnesota

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David Durenberger [R-MN, 1978-1994], former Senator for Minnesota - GovTrack.us</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#9B2347"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#9B2347"> <link href="/static/vendor/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/static/vendor/fontawesome/css/fontawesome.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/static/vendor/fontawesome/css/solid.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/static/vendor/fontawesome/css/brands.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/all-min.css?20241114" /> <meta name="description" content="Legislative profile for Sen. 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David Durenberger [R-MN, 1978-1994]</li> </ol> </nav> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="maincontent" class="container"> <div id="content"> <div class="ads" style="margin: 15px auto; text-align: center;" data-zone="header"> <div class="explainer">(<a href="/advertising">About Ads</a> | <a href="/accounts/membership">Hide These Ads</a>)</div> </div>  <div class="h1-multiline"> <h1> <div style="position: relative;"> <div class="party_R" title="Republican" style="position: absolute; top: 8px; left: -21px; width: 14px; height: 25px; border-radius: 3px;"> </div> </div> Sen. David Durenberger </h1> <p> Former Senator for Minnesota </p> </div> <div class="action-row clearfix"> </div> <div class="row group"> <div id="track_panel_base" class="col-sm-8 col-md-6"> <div style="margin: .5em 0 1em 0"> <p> Durenberger was a senator from <a href="/congress/members/MN">Minnesota</a> and was a Republican. He served from 1978 to 1994. </p> </div> <div id="seealso-links" style="margin-bottom: 30px;"> <span> <a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000566" target="_blank"><i class="fa-solid fa-user" style="margin-right: 7px"></i>Bioguide</a> </span> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div class="aside col-sm-4 col-md-3"> <div id="event_subscribe_inline_container"> </div> <div class="photo" style="margin-bottom: 10px"> <img src="/static/legislator-photos/403669-200px.jpeg" alt="Photo of Sen. David Durenberger [R-MN, 1978-1994]" class="img-fluid"/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <div class="ads" data-zone="sidebar"> <div class="explainer">(<a href="/advertising">About Ads</a> | <a href="/accounts/membership">Hide These Ads</a>)</div> </div>  </div> </div>         <h2><span> Misconduct </span></h2> <div style="margin-bottom: 1em"> <p>Durenberger faced an allegation of misuse of public funds while in office. On Aug. 22, 1995, he <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/23/us/ex-senator-is-guilty-of-expense-abuses.html">pleaded guilty to five misdemeanor charges of abuse of a Congressional expense account</a>.</p> <table style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 120%; margin-top: -.5em; margin-left: 4px;"> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width: 8em; padding: .25em"> Aug. 22, 1995 </td> <td style="padding: .25em"> <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/23/us/ex-senator-is-guilty-of-expense-abuses.html"> Pleaded guilty to five misdemeanor charges of abuse of a Congressional expense account. </a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 1em"> <p>Durenberger faced an allegation of a wide range of financial misconduct. On Jul. 25, 1990, the Senate <a href="https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/censure/141DavidDurenberger.htm">voted to denounce him 96-0, which appears to have been intended as a type of censure which acknowledges no ill intent</a>.</p> <table style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 120%; margin-top: -.5em; margin-left: 4px;"> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width: 8em; padding: .25em"> Jul. 25, 1990 </td> <td style="padding: .25em"> Senate voted 96-0 to denounce, which appears to have been intended as a type of censure which acknowledges no ill intent. <a href="https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/censure/141DavidDurenberger.htm"><span class="fas fa-arrow-up-right-from-square"></span></a> </td> </tr> </table> </div>  <style> #contact_modal .list-group-item input[type=radio] { float: left; text-align: right; width: 7%; } #contact_modal h4 { margin-top: -3px; } #contact_modal .list-group-item > div { float: left; width: 93%; } #contact_modal .list-group-item label { font-weight: normal; } #contact_modal .list-group-item .contact_expando { display: none; padding-top: .75em; } .list-group-item.active .list-group-item, .list-group-item.active .list-group-item .list-group-item-text { text-shadow: none; color: #444; /* .list-group-item.active inverts color */ } .list-group-item.active .list-group-item.active, .list-group-item.active .list-group-item.active .list-group-item-text { color: #FFE; /* now override our override to kind of put it back */ } #contact_modal .contact_expando a { color: #FFE; } #contact_modal .list-group-item.active { background-color: #9D2146; } </style> <div id="contact_modal" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="contact_modalTitle" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h2 class="modal-title" id="contact_modalTitle">Contact Sen. David Durenberger</h2> <button type="button" class="btn-close btn-close-white" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="list-group"> <div class="list-group-item clearfix"> <input type="radio" name="contact_constituent" id="contact_constituent_yes"> <div> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading"><label for="contact_constituent_yes"><b>I am a constituent.</b></label></h4> <p class="list-group-item-text"><label for="contact_constituent_yes">I live in Minnesota.</label></p> <div class="contact_expando"> <div class="list-group"> <div class="list-group-item clearfix"> <input type="radio" name="contact_constituent_why" id="contact_constituent_opinion"> <div> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading"><label for="contact_constituent_opinion"><b>I have an opinion I want to share.</b></label></h4> <p class="list-group-item-text"><label for="contact_constituent_opinion">I want to urge Durenberger to take an action on a bill.</label></p> <div class="contact_expando"> <p><a href="" target="_blank" onclick="$('#contact_modal').modal('hide')" class="btn btn-lg btn-success">Visit Sen. David Durenberger’s website »</a></p> <p>Look for a contact form on <a href="" target="_blank" onclick="$('#contact_modal').modal('hide')">Sen. David Durenberger’s website</a> to express your opinion.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="list-group-item clearfix"> <input type="radio" name="contact_constituent_why" id="contact_constituent_casework"> <div> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading"><label for="contact_constituent_casework"><b>I need help, have a question, or want to schedule a tour.</b></label></h4> <p class="list-group-item-text"><label for="contact_constituent_casework">I’m having a problem with a government agency, need legal help, want to schedule a meeting or White House tour, or have another question.</label></p> <div class="contact_expando"> <p><a href="" target="_blank" onclick="$('#contact_modal').modal('hide')" class="btn btn-lg btn-success">Visit Durenberger’s Website »</a></p> <p>Head over to Sen. David Durenberger’s <a href="" target="_blank" onclick="$('#contact_modal').modal('hide')">website</a>. If you are having a problem with a government agency, look for a contact link for <b>casework</b> to submit a request for help. Otherwise, look for a phone number on that website to call his office if you have a question.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="list-group-item clearfix"> <input type="radio" name="contact_constituent" id="contact_constituent_no"> <div> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading"><label for="contact_constituent_no"><b>I am not a constituent.</b></label></h4> <p class="list-group-item-text"><label for="contact_constituent_no">I live elsewhere.</label></p> <div class="contact_expando"> <p>Not all Members of Congress will accept messages from non-constituents. You can try your luck by visiting <a href="" target="_blank" onclick="$('#contact_modal').modal('hide')">Durenberger’s website</a>. Otherwise, try contacting your own senator:</p> <p><a href="/congress/members" class="btn btn-lg btn-success">Find Your Senator »</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p style="margin: 1em 0; font-size: 90%; line-height: 120%;">You are currently on the website GovTrack.us, which has no affiliation with Durenberger and is <b>not</b> a government website. Choose from the options above to find the right way to contact Durenberger.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="member-details"> <section id="sponsorship_analysis"> <h2><span>Analysis</span></h2> <h3>Ideology–Leadership Chart</h3> <p> Durenberger is shown as a purple triangle <span style="color: #df53df">▲</span> in our ideology-leadership chart below. Each dot was a member of the Senate in 1994 positioned according to our ideology score (left to right) and our leadership score (leaders are toward the top).</p> <div id="sponsorship_analysis_chart"> </div> <p style="margin-top: -7px; color: #555; font-size: 90%; line-height: 120%;">The chart is based on the bills legislators sponsored and cosponsored from Jan 25, 1989 to Dec 1, 1994. See full <a href="/about/analysis">analysis methodology</a>.</p> </section> <section> <h2><span>Enacted Legislation</span></h2> <p>Durenberger was the primary sponsor of 16 bills that were enacted. The most recent include:</p> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0;"> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/101/sjres131" title="S.J.Res. 131 (101st): A joint resolution to designate November 1989 as “National Diabetes Month”.">S.J.Res. 131 (101st): A joint resolution to designate November 1989 as “National Diabetes Month”.</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/101/sjres216" title="S.J.Res. 216 (101st): A joint resolution designating November 12 through 18, 1989, as “Community Foundation Week”.">S.J.Res. 216 (101st): A joint resolution designating November 12 through 18, 1989, as “Community Foundation Week”.</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/100/s2042" title="S. 2042 (100th): An Act to authorize the Vietnam Women’s Memorial Project, Inc., to construct within the Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial site in the District of Columbia a specific commemoration of women of the United States who served in the Republic of Viet">S. 2042 (100th): An Act to authorize the Vietnam Women’s Memorial Project, Inc., to construct within the Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial site in the District of Columbia a specific commemoration of …</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/100/sjres272" title="S.J.Res. 272 (100th): A bill to designate November, 1988, as “National Diabetes Month”.">S.J.Res. 272 (100th): A bill to designate November, 1988, as “National Diabetes Month”.</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/100/sjres324" title="S.J.Res. 324 (100th): A joint resolution to designate February 1989 as “America Loves Its Kids Month”.">S.J.Res. 324 (100th): A joint resolution to designate February 1989 as “America Loves Its Kids Month”.</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/100/sjres44" title="S.J.Res. 44 (100th): A joint resolution to designate November 1987, as “National Diabetes Month”.">S.J.Res. 44 (100th): A joint resolution to designate November 1987, as “National Diabetes Month”.</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/100/sjres109" title="S.J.Res. 109 (100th): A joint resolution to designate the week beginning October 4, 1987, as “National School Yearbook Week”.">S.J.Res. 109 (100th): A joint resolution to designate the week beginning October 4, 1987, as “National School Yearbook Week”.</a></li> </ul> <p><a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669#enacted_ex=on">View All »</a></p> <p><i>Does 16 not sound like a lot? Very few bills are ever enacted — most legislators sponsor only a handful that are signed into law. But there are other legislative activities that we don’t track that are also important, including offering amendments, committee work and oversight of the other branches, and constituent services.</i></p> <p style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 120%;">We consider a bill enacted if one of the following is true: a) it is enacted itself, b) it has a companion bill in the other chamber (as identified by Congress) which was enacted, or c) if at least about half of its provisions were incorporated into bills that were enacted (as determined by an automated text analysis, applicable beginning with bills in the 110<sup>th</sup> Congress).</p> </section> <section id="sponsorship"> <h2><span>Bills Sponsored</span></h2> <h3>Issue Areas</h3> <p>Durenberger sponsored bills primarily in these issue areas:</p> <p style="margin-left: 1em; line-height: 155%"> <span style="margin-right: 2em; display: inline-block;"><a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669&subject=6081">Foreign Trade and International Finance</a> (22%)</span> <span style="margin-right: 2em; display: inline-block;"><a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669&subject=6130">Health</a> (21%)</span> <span style="margin-right: 2em; display: inline-block;"><a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669&subject=6342">Taxation</a> (18%)</span> <span style="margin-right: 2em; display: inline-block;"><a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669&subject=5991">Education</a> (10%)</span> <span style="margin-right: 2em; display: inline-block;"><a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669&subject=6235">Labor and Employment</a> (8%)</span> <span style="margin-right: 2em; display: inline-block;"><a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669&subject=5816">Agriculture and Food</a> (8%)</span> <span style="margin-right: 2em; display: inline-block;"><a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669&subject=6038">Environmental Protection</a> (7%)</span> <span style="margin-right: 2em; display: inline-block;"><a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669&subject=6096">Government Operations and Politics</a> (7%)</span> </p> <h3>Recently Introduced Bills</h3> <p>Durenberger recently introduced the following legislation:</p> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0;"> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/103/s2514" title="S. 2514 (103rd): Economic Equity Act">S. 2514 (103rd): Economic Equity Act</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/103/s2503" title="S. 2503 (103rd): Americans with Disabilities Business Development Act of 1993">S. 2503 (103rd): Americans with Disabilities Business Development Act of 1993</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/103/sres250" title="S.Res. 250 (103rd): A resolution to refer S. 2409 entitled “A bill for the relief of D.W. Jacobson, Ronal Karkala, and Paul Bjorgen of Grand Rapids, Minnesota” to the chief judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims for a report thereon.">S.Res. 250 (103rd): A resolution to refer S. 2409 entitled “A bill for the relief …</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/103/s2409" title="S. 2409 (103rd): A bill for the relief of D.W. Jacobson, Ronald Karkala, and Paul Bjorgen of Grand Rapids, Minnesota.">S. 2409 (103rd): A bill for the relief of D.W. Jacobson, Ronald Karkala, and Paul …</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/103/s2362" title="S. 2362 (103rd): Comprehensive Torture Victims Relief Act">S. 2362 (103rd): Comprehensive Torture Victims Relief Act</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/103/s2204" title="S. 2204 (103rd): Nuclear Regulatory Commission Fee Equity Act of 1994">S. 2204 (103rd): Nuclear Regulatory Commission Fee Equity Act of 1994</a></li> <li style="margin-bottom: .3em"><a href="/congress/bills/103/s1996" title="S. 1996 (103rd): Medicare Choice Act of 1994">S. 1996 (103rd): Medicare Choice Act of 1994</a></li> </ul> <p> <a href="/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=403669">View All »</a> | <a href="/congress/members/david_durenberger/403669/cosponsors">View Cosponsors »</a> <p style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 120%;">Most legislation has no activity after being introduced.</p> </p> </section> <div class="ads footer leaderboard" data-zone="footer"> <div class="explainer">(<a href="/advertising">About Ads</a> | <a href="/accounts/membership">Hide These Ads</a>)</div> </div> <section id="voting-record"> <h2><span>Voting Record</span></h2> <h3>Missed Votes</h3> <p>From Feb 1979 to Dec 1994, Durenberger missed 424 of 6,133 roll call votes, which is 6.9%. This is worse than the median of 3.4% among the lifetime records of senators serving in Dec 1994. The chart below reports missed votes over time.</p> <p><i> We don’t track why legislators miss votes, but it’s often due to medical absences, major life events, and running for higher office. </i></p> <style> .missedvotestable th { padding: 0 .5em; } </style> <div id="voting_record_chart_403669"> </div> <p style="text-align: center; margin-top: .5em; font-size: 90%;"><a href="#" onclick="$('#missedvotestable_403669').slideDown(); $(this).hide(); return false;">Show the numbers...</a></p> <table id="missedvotestable_403669" style="display: none" class="missedvotestable"> <tr> <th>Time Period</th> <th>Votes Eligible</th> <th>Missed Votes</th> <th>Percent</th> <th>Percentile</th> </tr> <tr><td title="96th Congress, 1979, Senate, Q1"> 1979 Feb-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">32</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">3.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">47<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="96th Congress, 1979, Senate, Q2"> 1979 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">121</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">4.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">38<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="96th Congress, 1979, Senate, Q3"> 1979 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">171</td> <td style="text-align: center">15</td> <td style="text-align: center">8.8%</td> <td style="text-align: center">60<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="96th Congress, 1979, Senate, Q4"> 1979 Oct-Dec </td> <td style="text-align: center">184</td> <td style="text-align: center">9</td> <td style="text-align: center">4.9%</td> <td style="text-align: center">24<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="96th Congress, 1980, Senate, Q1"> 1980 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">67</td> <td style="text-align: center">2</td> <td style="text-align: center">3.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">24<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="96th Congress, 1980, Senate, Q2"> 1980 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">216</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">2.3%</td> <td style="text-align: center">20<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="96th Congress, 1980, Senate, Q3"> 1980 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">179</td> <td style="text-align: center">11</td> <td style="text-align: center">6.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">59<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="96th Congress, 1980, Senate, Q4"> 1980 Oct-Dec </td> <td style="text-align: center">84</td> <td style="text-align: center">22</td> <td style="text-align: center">26.2%</td> <td style="text-align: center">85<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="97th Congress, 1981, Senate, Q1"> 1981 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">57</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">1.8%</td> <td style="text-align: center">36<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="97th Congress, 1981, Senate, Q2"> 1981 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">125</td> <td style="text-align: center">9</td> <td style="text-align: center">7.2%</td> <td style="text-align: center">81<sup>st</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="97th Congress, 1981, Senate, Q3"> 1981 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">122</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">0<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="97th Congress, 1981, Senate, Q4"> 1981 Oct-Dec </td> <td style="text-align: center">193</td> <td style="text-align: center">22</td> <td style="text-align: center">11.4%</td> <td style="text-align: center">79<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="97th Congress, 1982, Senate, Q1"> 1982 Feb-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">79</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">6.3%</td> <td style="text-align: center">70<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="97th Congress, 1982, Senate, Q2"> 1982 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">127</td> <td style="text-align: center">30</td> <td style="text-align: center">23.6%</td> <td style="text-align: center">94<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="97th Congress, 1982, Senate, Q3"> 1982 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">177</td> <td style="text-align: center">16</td> <td style="text-align: center">9.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">83<sup>rd</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="97th Congress, 1982, Senate, Q4"> 1982 Oct-Dec </td> <td style="text-align: center">86</td> <td style="text-align: center">6</td> <td style="text-align: center">7.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">75<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="98th Congress, 1983, Senate, Q1"> 1983 Feb-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">54</td> <td style="text-align: center">6</td> <td style="text-align: center">11.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">82<sup>nd</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="98th Congress, 1983, Senate, Q2"> 1983 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">122</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">4.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">58<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="98th Congress, 1983, Senate, Q3"> 1983 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">92</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">5.4%</td> <td style="text-align: center">64<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="98th Congress, 1983, Senate, Q4"> 1983 Oct-Nov </td> <td style="text-align: center">103</td> <td style="text-align: center">21</td> <td style="text-align: center">20.4%</td> <td style="text-align: center">87<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="98th Congress, 1984, Senate, Q1"> 1984 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">45</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> <td style="text-align: center">8.9%</td> <td style="text-align: center">69<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="98th Congress, 1984, Senate, Q2"> 1984 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">144</td> <td style="text-align: center">18</td> <td style="text-align: center">12.5%</td> <td style="text-align: center">87<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="98th Congress, 1984, Senate, Q3"> 1984 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">68</td> <td style="text-align: center">6</td> <td style="text-align: center">8.8%</td> <td style="text-align: center">71<sup>st</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="98th Congress, 1984, Senate, Q4"> 1984 Oct-Oct </td> <td style="text-align: center">34</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">2.9%</td> <td style="text-align: center">38<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="99th Congress, 1985, Senate, Q1"> 1985 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">22</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">0<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="99th Congress, 1985, Senate, Q2"> 1985 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">116</td> <td style="text-align: center">10</td> <td style="text-align: center">8.6%</td> <td style="text-align: center">87<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="99th Congress, 1985, Senate, Q3"> 1985 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">60</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">8.3%</td> <td style="text-align: center">80<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="99th Congress, 1985, Senate, Q4"> 1985 Oct-Dec </td> <td style="text-align: center">183</td> <td style="text-align: center">16</td> <td style="text-align: center">8.7%</td> <td style="text-align: center">84<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="99th Congress, 1986, Senate, Q1"> 1986 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">51</td> <td style="text-align: center">7</td> <td style="text-align: center">13.7%</td> <td style="text-align: center">90<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="99th Congress, 1986, Senate, Q2"> 1986 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">103</td> <td style="text-align: center">3</td> <td style="text-align: center">2.9%</td> <td style="text-align: center">61<sup>st</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="99th Congress, 1986, Senate, Q3"> 1986 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">149</td> <td style="text-align: center">2</td> <td style="text-align: center">1.3%</td> <td style="text-align: center">44<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="99th Congress, 1986, Senate, Q4"> 1986 Oct-Oct </td> <td style="text-align: center">56</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">0<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="100th Congress, 1987, Senate, Q1"> 1987 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">50</td> <td style="text-align: center">2</td> <td style="text-align: center">4.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">55<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="100th Congress, 1987, Senate, Q2"> 1987 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">123</td> <td style="text-align: center">9</td> <td style="text-align: center">7.3%</td> <td style="text-align: center">75<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="100th Congress, 1987, Senate, Q3"> 1987 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">120</td> <td style="text-align: center">11</td> <td style="text-align: center">9.2%</td> <td style="text-align: center">80<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="100th Congress, 1987, Senate, Q4"> 1987 Oct-Dec </td> <td style="text-align: center">127</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> <td style="text-align: center">3.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">42<sup>nd</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="100th Congress, 1988, Senate, Q1"> 1988 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">84</td> <td style="text-align: center">11</td> <td style="text-align: center">13.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">80<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="100th Congress, 1988, Senate, Q2"> 1988 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">137</td> <td style="text-align: center">15</td> <td style="text-align: center">10.9%</td> <td style="text-align: center">90<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="100th Congress, 1988, Senate, Q3"> 1988 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">127</td> <td style="text-align: center">2</td> <td style="text-align: center">1.6%</td> <td style="text-align: center">23<sup>rd</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="100th Congress, 1988, Senate, Q4"> 1988 Oct-Oct </td> <td style="text-align: center">31</td> <td style="text-align: center">17</td> <td style="text-align: center">54.8%</td> <td style="text-align: center">97<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="101st Congress, 1989, Senate, Q1"> 1989 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">26</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">3.8%</td> <td style="text-align: center">84<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="101st Congress, 1989, Senate, Q2"> 1989 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">77</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">6.5%</td> <td style="text-align: center">91<sup>st</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="101st Congress, 1989, Senate, Q3"> 1989 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">118</td> <td style="text-align: center">2</td> <td style="text-align: center">1.7%</td> <td style="text-align: center">65<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="101st Congress, 1989, Senate, Q4"> 1989 Oct-Nov </td> <td style="text-align: center">91</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">1.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">51<sup>st</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="101st Congress, 1990, Senate, Q1"> 1990 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">48</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">0<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="101st Congress, 1990, Senate, Q2"> 1990 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">95</td> <td style="text-align: center">2</td> <td style="text-align: center">2.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">63<sup>rd</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="101st Congress, 1990, Senate, Q3"> 1990 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">114</td> <td style="text-align: center">13</td> <td style="text-align: center">11.4%</td> <td style="text-align: center">95<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="101st Congress, 1990, Senate, Q4"> 1990 Oct-Oct </td> <td style="text-align: center">69</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">0<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="102nd Congress, 1991, Senate, Q1"> 1991 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">41</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">0<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="102nd Congress, 1991, Senate, Q2"> 1991 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">74</td> <td style="text-align: center">3</td> <td style="text-align: center">4.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">90<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="102nd Congress, 1991, Senate, Q3"> 1991 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">96</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">1.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">52<sup>nd</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="102nd Congress, 1991, Senate, Q4"> 1991 Oct-Nov </td> <td style="text-align: center">69</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">1.4%</td> <td style="text-align: center">55<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="102nd Congress, 1992, Senate, Q1"> 1992 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">61</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">0<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="102nd Congress, 1992, Senate, Q2"> 1992 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">74</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> <td style="text-align: center">5.4%</td> <td style="text-align: center">78<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="102nd Congress, 1992, Senate, Q3"> 1992 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">117</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> <td style="text-align: center">3.4%</td> <td style="text-align: center">65<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="102nd Congress, 1992, Senate, Q4"> 1992 Oct-Oct </td> <td style="text-align: center">18</td> <td style="text-align: center">3</td> <td style="text-align: center">16.7%</td> <td style="text-align: center">91<sup>st</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="103rd Congress, 1993, Senate, Q1"> 1993 Feb-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">93</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">1.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">52<sup>nd</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="103rd Congress, 1993, Senate, Q2"> 1993 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">99</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">5.1%</td> <td style="text-align: center">76<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="103rd Congress, 1993, Senate, Q3"> 1993 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">109</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.0%</td> <td style="text-align: center">0<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="103rd Congress, 1993, Senate, Q4"> 1993 Oct-Nov </td> <td style="text-align: center">94</td> <td style="text-align: center">11</td> <td style="text-align: center">11.7%</td> <td style="text-align: center">98<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="103rd Congress, 1994, Senate, Q1"> 1994 Jan-Mar </td> <td style="text-align: center">86</td> <td style="text-align: center">17</td> <td style="text-align: center">19.8%</td> <td style="text-align: center">97<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="103rd Congress, 1994, Senate, Q2"> 1994 Apr-Jun </td> <td style="text-align: center">92</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">5.4%</td> <td style="text-align: center">86<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="103rd Congress, 1994, Senate, Q3"> 1994 Jul-Sep </td> <td style="text-align: center">136</td> <td style="text-align: center">5</td> <td style="text-align: center">3.7%</td> <td style="text-align: center">70<sup>th</sup></td></tr> <tr><td title="103rd Congress, 1994, Senate, Q4"> 1994 Oct-Dec </td> <td style="text-align: center">15</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">6.7%</td> <td style="text-align: center">73<sup>rd</sup></td></tr> </table>  </section> <section> <h2><span>Primary Sources</span></h2> <p>The information on this page is originally sourced from a variety of materials, including:</p> <ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0;"> <li><a href="https://github.com/unitedstates/congress-legislators">unitedstates/congress-legislators</a>, a community project gathering congressional information</li> <li>The <a href="http://www.house.gov">House</a> and <a href="http://www.senate.gov">Senate</a> websites, for committee membership and voting records</li> <li><a href="http://voteview.com/dwnl.htm">United States Congressional Roll Call Voting Records, 1789-1990</a> by Howard L. Rosenthal and Keith T. Poole. </li> <li>Martis’s “The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress”, via Keith Poole’s roll call votes data set, for political party affiliation for Members of Congress from 1789 through about year 2000</li> <li><a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=d000566">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a> for the photo</li> <li><a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/bulkdata/BILLSTATUS">GovInfo.gov</a>, for sponsored bills</li> </ul> </section> </div> <div id="pronunciation_modal" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="pronunciationModalTitle" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h2 class="modal-title" id="pronunciationModalTitle">Pronunciation Guide</h2> <button type="button" class="btn-close btn-close-white" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <center> <p>Sen. 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(103rd Congress)", link: "/congress/members/kay_hutchison/300054" } , { x: 0.760797445044, y: 0.309592289072, name: "Kempthorne\n<br>189 cosponsors (103rd Congress)", link: "/congress/members/dirk_kempthorne/406256" } , { x: 0.339328508355, y: 0.183561334645, name: "Campbell\n<br>100 cosponsors (103rd Congress)", link: "/congress/members/ben_campbell/300017" } ] } ] }); var chart = new Highcharts.Chart({ chart: { renderTo: 'voting_record_chart_403669', type: 'spline', height: 225, marginTop: 5, }, title: { text: 'Missed Votes, Feb 22, 1979 - Dec 1, 1994' }, legend: { enabled: false }, credits: { enabled: false }, xAxis: { labels: { rotation: -90, align: "right" , step: 4 }, categories: ["1979 Feb\u002DMar", "1979 Apr\u002DJun", "1979 Jul\u002DSep", "1979 Oct\u002DDec", "1980 Jan\u002DMar", "1980 Apr\u002DJun", "1980 Jul\u002DSep", "1980 Oct\u002DDec", "1981 Jan\u002DMar", "1981 Apr\u002DJun", "1981 Jul\u002DSep", "1981 Oct\u002DDec", "1982 Feb\u002DMar", "1982 Apr\u002DJun", "1982 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Sen. David Durenberger [R-MN, 1978-1994], former Senator for Minnesota - GovTrack.us