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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Writing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Green_Town"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Green_Town""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>"Green Town"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Green_Town"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_contributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_contributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural contributions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_novel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_novel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>First novel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_novel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intended_first_novel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intended_first_novel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Intended first novel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intended_first_novel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations_to_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_to_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Adaptations to other media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations_to_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Documentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>General and cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ray Bradbury</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="راي برادبري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راي برادبري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rey_Bredberi" title="Rey Bredberi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rey Bredberi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ری بردبری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ری بردبری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="রে ব্র্যাডবেরি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রে ব্র্যাডবেরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Рэй Брэдбери – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рэй Брэдбери" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Рэй Брэдберы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэй Брэдберы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Рэй Брэдбэры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэй Брэдбэры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Рей Бредбъри – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рей Бредбъри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Брэдбери Рэй – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Брэдбери Рэй" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AD%CE%B9_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Ρέι Μπράντμπερι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρέι Μπράντμπερι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ری بردبری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ری بردبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4_%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%98%EB%93%9C%EB%B2%84%EB%A6%AC" title="레이 브래드버리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레이 브래드버리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Ռեյ Բրեդբերի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեյ Բրեդբերի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF" title="रे ब्रैडबेरि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रे ब्रैडबेरि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Брэдбери, Рэй – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Брэдбери, Рэй" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="ריי ברדבורי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריי ברדבורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="რეი ბრედბერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეი ბრედბერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Рэй Брэдбери – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рэй Брэдбери" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Рэй Брэдбери – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рэй Брэдбери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raimundus_Bradbury" title="Raimundus Bradbury – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Raimundus Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejs_Bredberijs" title="Rejs Bredberijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rejs Bredberijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Реј Бредбери – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Реј Бредбери" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="റേ ബ്രാഡ്ബുറി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റേ ബ്രാഡ്ബുറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="रे ब्रॅडबरी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रे ब्रॅडबरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="რეი ბრედბერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რეი ბრედბერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="راى برادبرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راى برادبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Рэй Брэдбери – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рэй Брэдбери" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA" title="レイ・ブラッドベリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レイ・ブラッドベリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੇ ਬਰੈਡਬਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇ ਬਰੈਡਬਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Брэдбери, Рэй – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брэдбери, Рэй" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ڕەی برەدبێری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەی برەدبێری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Реј Бредбери – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реј Бредбери" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ray Bradbury" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="ரே பிராட்பரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரே பிராட்பரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rey_Bredberi" title="Rey Bredberi – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Rey Bredberi" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Рэй Брэдбери – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рэй Брэдбери" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American writer (1920–2012)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Bradbury's 1975 story collection, see <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_(short_story_collection)" title="Ray Bradbury (short story collection)"><i>Ray Bradbury</i> (short story collection)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Ray Bradbury</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Bradbury_(1975)_-cropped-.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bradbury in 1975"><img alt="Ray Bradbury in 1975" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ray_Bradbury_%281975%29_-cropped-.jpg/220px-Ray_Bradbury_%281975%29_-cropped-.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ray_Bradbury_%281975%29_-cropped-.jpg/330px-Ray_Bradbury_%281975%29_-cropped-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ray_Bradbury_%281975%29_-cropped-.jpg/440px-Ray_Bradbury_%281975%29_-cropped-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1296" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Bradbury in 1975</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Ray Douglas Bradbury<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1920-08-22</span>)</span>August 22, 1920<br /><a href="/wiki/Waukegan,_Illinois" title="Waukegan, Illinois">Waukegan, Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">June 5, 2012<span style="display:none">(2012-06-05)</span> (aged 91)<br /><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Westwood_Memorial_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Westwood Memorial Park">Westwood Memorial Park</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_High_School" title="Los Angeles High School">Los Angeles High School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1938–2012<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Fantasy</li><li>science fiction</li><li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror fiction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">mystery fiction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">magic realism</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles" title="The Martian Chronicles">The Martian Chronicles</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Something_Wicked_This_Way_Comes_(novel)" title="Something Wicked This Way Comes (novel)">Something Wicked This Way Comes</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_Man" title="The Illustrated Man">The Illustrated Man</a></i> (1951)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> (1974)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Daytime Emmy Award">Daytime Emmy Award</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citation">Pulitzer Prize Special Citation</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Marguerite McClure</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1947; died 2003)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Bradbury_Autograph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ray_Bradbury_Autograph.svg/150px-Ray_Bradbury_Autograph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ray_Bradbury_Autograph.svg/225px-Ray_Bradbury_Autograph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ray_Bradbury_Autograph.svg/300px-Ray_Bradbury_Autograph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="123" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raybradbury.com/">www<wbr />.raybradbury<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ray Douglas Bradbury</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛr/: 'err' in 'merry'">ɛr</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BRAD</span>-berr-ee</i></a>; August 22, 1920 – June 5, 2012) was an American author and screenwriter. One of the most celebrated 20th-century American writers, he worked in a variety of genres, including <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">mystery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Literary_fiction" title="Literary fiction">realistic fiction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury is best known for his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> (1953) and his short-story collections <i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles" title="The Martian Chronicles">The Martian Chronicles</a></i> (1950), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_Man" title="The Illustrated Man">The Illustrated Man</a></i> (1951), and <i><a href="/wiki/The_October_Country" title="The October Country">The October Country</a></i> (1955).<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20120606_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20120606-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable works include the <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_age" title="Coming of age">coming of age</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Dandelion_Wine" title="Dandelion Wine">Dandelion Wine</a></i> (1957), the <a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">dark fantasy</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Something_Wicked_This_Way_Comes_(novel)" title="Something Wicked This Way Comes (novel)">Something Wicked This Way Comes</a></i> (1962) and the fictionalized memoir <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Shadows,_White_Whale" title="Green Shadows, White Whale">Green Shadows, White Whale</a></i> (1992). He also wrote and consulted on screenplays and television scripts, including <i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(1956_film)" title="Moby Dick (1956 film)">Moby Dick</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/It_Came_from_Outer_Space" title="It Came from Outer Space">It Came from Outer Space</a></i>. Many of his works were adapted into television and film productions as well as comic books. Bradbury also wrote poetry which has been published in several collections, such as <i>They Have Not Seen the Stars</i> (2001). </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> called Bradbury "An author whose fanciful imagination, poetic prose, and mature understanding of human character have won him an international reputation" and "the writer most responsible for bringing modern science fiction into the literary mainstream".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20120606_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20120606-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bradbury was born on August 22, 1920, in <a href="/wiki/Waukegan,_Illinois" title="Waukegan, Illinois">Waukegan, Illinois</a>, to Esther (née Moberg) Bradbury (1888–1966), a <a href="/wiki/Swedish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish American">Swedish immigrant</a>, and Leonard Spaulding Bradbury (1890–1957), a power and telephone <a href="/wiki/Lineman_(technician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineman (technician)">lineman</a> of English ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was given the middle name "Douglas" after actor <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>. </p><p>Bradbury was surrounded by an extended family during his early childhood and formative years in Waukegan. An aunt read him short stories when he was a child.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This period provided foundations for both the author and his stories. In Bradbury's fiction, 1920s Waukegan becomes Green Town, Illinois. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Bradbury_HS_Yearbook.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ray_Bradbury_HS_Yearbook.jpeg/170px-Ray_Bradbury_HS_Yearbook.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ray_Bradbury_HS_Yearbook.jpeg/255px-Ray_Bradbury_HS_Yearbook.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Ray_Bradbury_HS_Yearbook.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Bradbury as a senior in high school, 1938</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bradbury family lived in <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>, during 1926–1927 and 1932–1933 while their father pursued employment, each time returning to Waukegan. While in Tucson, Bradbury attended Amphi Junior High School and Roskruge Junior High School. They eventually settled in Los Angeles in 1934 when Bradbury was 14. The family arrived with only US$40 (equivalent to $911 in 2023), which paid for rent and food until his father finally found a job making wire at a cable company for $14 a week (equivalent to $319 in 2023), allowing them to stay in Hollywood. </p><p>Bradbury attended <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_High_School" title="Los Angeles High School">Los Angeles High School</a> and was active in the drama club. He often roller-skated through Hollywood in hopes of meeting celebrities. Among the creative people he met were special-effects pioneer <a href="/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen" title="Ray Harryhausen">Ray Harryhausen</a> and radio star <a href="/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a>. Bradbury's first pay as a writer, at age 14, was for a joke he sold to George Burns to use on the <i> <a href="/wiki/Burns_and_Allen" title="Burns and Allen">Burns and Allen</a></i> radio show.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury was fascinated with carnivals from a young age, and they would feature in such works as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_Man" title="The Illustrated Man">The Illustrated Man</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Something_Wicked_This_Way_Comes_(novel)" title="Something Wicked This Way Comes (novel)">Something Wicked This Way Comes</a></i>. He related a formative event of his youth: </p> <blockquote><p>I suppose the most important memory is of Mr. Electrico. On Labor Day weekend, 1932, when I was twelve years old, he came to my hometown with the Dill Brothers ... He was a performer sitting in an electric chair and a stagehand pulled a switch and he was charged with fifty thousand volts of pure electricity. Lightning flashed in his eyes and his hair stood on end. I sat below, in the front row, and he reached down with a flaming sword full of electricity and he tapped me on both shoulders and then the tip of my nose and he cried, "Live, forever!" And I thought, "God, that's wonderful. How do you do that?" ... So when I left the carnival that day I stood by the carousel and I watched the horses running around and around to the music of "<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Ohio" title="Beautiful Ohio">Beautiful Ohio</a>" and I cried. Tears streamed down my cheeks because I knew something important had happened to me that day because of Mr. Electrico. I felt changed. And so I went home and within days I started to write. And I've never stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout his youth, Bradbury was an avid reader and writer and knew at a young age that he was "going into one of the arts".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Review-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bradbury began writing his own stories at age 12 (1931), sometimes writing on butcher paper.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his youth, he spent much time in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Carnegie_libraries_in_Illinois" title="List of Carnegie libraries in Illinois">Carnegie Library</a> in Waukegan, reading such authors as <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>. At 12, he began writing traditional horror stories and said he tried to imitate Poe until he was about 18. Bradbury's favorite writers growing up included <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jessamyn_West_(writer)" title="Jessamyn West (writer)">Jessamyn West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Review-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He loved the work of <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs" title="Edgar Rice Burroughs">Edgar Rice Burroughs</a>, especially his <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_of_Mars" title="John Carter of Mars">John Carter of Mars</a> series; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Warlord_of_Mars" title="The Warlord of Mars">The Warlord of Mars</a></i> impressed him so much that at age 12, he wrote his own sequel.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young Bradbury was also a cartoonist and loved to illustrate. He wrote about <a href="/wiki/Tarzan" title="Tarzan">Tarzan</a> and drew his own Sunday panels. He listened to the radio show <i><a href="/wiki/Chandu_the_Magician_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandu the Magician (radio)">Chandu the Magician</a></i>, and every night when the show went off the air, he wrote out the entire script from memory.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a teen in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly Hills">Beverly Hills</a>, he often visited his mentor and friend, science-fiction writer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Olsen" title="Bob Olsen">Bob Olsen</a>, sharing ideas and maintaining contact. In 1936, at a secondhand bookstore in Hollywood, Bradbury discovered a handbill promoting meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Science_Fiction_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Science Fiction Society">Los Angeles Science Fiction Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excited to find others who shared his interest, he joined a Thursday-night conclave at age 16.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury cited Verne and Wells as his primary science-fiction influences. He identified with Verne, saying: "He believes the human being is in a strange situation in a very strange world, and he believes that we can triumph by behaving morally."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bradbury admitted that he stopped reading science-fiction books in his 20s and embraced a broad field of literature that included poets <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Donne" title="John Donne">John Donne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-playboy_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playboy-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had just graduated from high school when he met <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>, then 31. Bradbury recalled: "He was well known, and he wrote humanistic science fiction, which influenced me to dare to be human instead of mechanical."<sup id="cite_ref-playboy_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playboy-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his young adulthood, Bradbury read stories published in <i><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding Science Fiction">Astounding Science Fiction</a></i>, and read everything by Heinlein and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>, as well as the early writings of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon" title="Theodore Sturgeon">Theodore Sturgeon</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt" title="A. E. van Vogt">A. E. van Vogt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hollywood">Hollywood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hollywood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family lived about four blocks from the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Uptown_Theatre" title="Fox Uptown Theatre">Fox Uptown Theatre</a> on <a href="/wiki/Western_Avenue_(Los_Angeles)" title="Western Avenue (Los Angeles)">Western Avenue</a> in Los Angeles, the flagship theater for <a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a> and <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">Fox</a>. There, Bradbury learned how to sneak in and watched previews almost every week. He roller skated there, as well as all over town, as he put it, "hell-bent on getting autographs from glamorous stars. It was glorious." Among stars the young Bradbury was thrilled to encounter were <a href="/wiki/Norma_Shearer" title="Norma Shearer">Norma Shearer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a>. Sometimes he spent all day in front of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> or <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>, then skated to the <a href="/wiki/Brown_Derby" title="Brown Derby">Brown Derby</a> to watch the stars who came and went for meals. He recounted seeing <a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mae_West" title="Mae West">Mae West</a>, who, he learned, made a regular appearance every Friday night, bodyguard in tow.<sup id="cite_ref-playboy_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playboy-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazing_stories_194412.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Amazing_stories_194412.jpg/170px-Amazing_stories_194412.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Amazing_stories_194412.jpg/255px-Amazing_stories_194412.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Amazing_stories_194412.jpg/340px-Amazing_stories_194412.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Bradbury's "Undersea Guardians" was the cover story for the December 1944 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Stories" title="Amazing Stories">Amazing Stories</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bradbury was free to start a career in writing when, owing to his bad eyesight, he was rejected for induction into the military during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Inspired by science-fiction heroes such as <a href="/wiki/Flash_Gordon" title="Flash Gordon">Flash Gordon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buck_Rogers" title="Buck Rogers">Buck Rogers</a>, he began publishing science-fiction stories in fanzines in 1938. He was invited by <a href="/wiki/Forrest_J._Ackerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Forrest J. Ackerman">Forrest J. Ackerman</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to attend the Los Angeles Science Fiction Society, which at the time met at <a href="/wiki/Clifton%27s_Cafeteria" title="Clifton's Cafeteria">Clifton's Cafeteria</a> in downtown Los Angeles. There he met <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emil_Petaja" title="Emil Petaja">Emil Petaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fredric_Brown" title="Fredric Brown">Fredric Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kuttner" title="Henry Kuttner">Henry Kuttner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Brackett" title="Leigh Brackett">Leigh Brackett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Williamson" title="Jack Williamson">Jack Williamson</a>. Bradbury's first published story was "<a href="/wiki/Hollerbochen%27s_Dilemma" title="Hollerbochen's Dilemma">Hollerbochen's Dilemma</a>", in the January 1938 number of Ackerman's <a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">fanzine</a> <i>Imagination!</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1939, Ackerman and his girlfriend <a href="/wiki/Morojo" title="Morojo">Morojo</a> gave 19-year-old Bradbury the money to head to New York for the <a href="/wiki/1st_World_Science_Fiction_Convention" title="1st World Science Fiction Convention">First World Science Fiction Convention</a> in New York City, and funded Bradbury's fanzine, <i><a href="/wiki/Futuria_Fantasia" title="Futuria Fantasia">Futuria Fantasia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bradbury wrote most of its four issues, each volume printed in limited number due to publishing costs.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1940 and 1947, he was a contributor to <a href="/wiki/Rob_Wagner" title="Rob Wagner">Rob Wagner</a>'s film magazine, <i>Script</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Review-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, Bradbury joined <a href="/wiki/Laraine_Day" title="Laraine Day">Laraine Day</a>'s Wilshire Players Guild, where for two years he wrote and acted in several plays. They were, as Bradbury later described, "so incredibly bad" that he gave up play-writing for two decades.<sup id="cite_ref-bradbury1972_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradbury1972-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first paid piece, "Pendulum", written with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hasse" title="Henry Hasse">Henry Hasse</a>, was published in the pulp magazine <i>Super Science Stories</i> in November 1941, for which he earned $15.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Bradbury_1959.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ray_Bradbury_1959.JPG/220px-Ray_Bradbury_1959.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ray_Bradbury_1959.JPG/330px-Ray_Bradbury_1959.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ray_Bradbury_1959.JPG/440px-Ray_Bradbury_1959.JPG 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption>Bradbury in 1959</figcaption></figure> <p>Bradbury sold his first solo story, "The Lake", for $13.75 at 22 and became a full-time writer by 24.<sup id="cite_ref-playboy_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playboy-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first collection of short stories, <i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Carnival_(short_story_collection)" title="Dark Carnival (short story collection)">Dark Carnival</a></i>, was published in 1947 by <a href="/wiki/Arkham_House" title="Arkham House">Arkham House</a>, a small press in <a href="/wiki/Sauk_City,_Wisconsin" title="Sauk City, Wisconsin">Sauk City, Wisconsin</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/August_Derleth" title="August Derleth">August Derleth</a>. Reviewing <i>Dark Carnival</i> for the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">New York Herald Tribune</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Will_Cuppy" title="Will Cuppy">Will Cuppy</a> proclaimed Bradbury "suitable for general consumption" and predicted that he would become a writer of the caliber of British fantasist <a href="/wiki/John_Collier_(fiction_writer)" title="John Collier (fiction writer)">John Collier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a rejection notice from the pulp <i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Tales" title="Weird Tales">Weird Tales</a></i>, Bradbury submitted "Homecoming" to <i><a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_(magazine)" title="Mademoiselle (magazine)">Mademoiselle</a></i>, where it was spotted by a young editorial assistant named <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a>. Capote picked the Bradbury manuscript from a <a href="/wiki/Slush_pile" title="Slush pile">slush pile</a>, which led to its publication. "Homecoming" won a place in the <a href="/wiki/O._Henry_Award" title="O. Henry Award">O. Henry Award</a> Stories of 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury first published <i>The Fireman</i>, a short story about 25,000 words long, in <i><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Science_Fiction" title="Galaxy Science Fiction">Galaxy Science Fiction</a></i> in February 1951. Bradbury was asked to extend it by 25,000 words so that it would be published as a novel. Bradbury got the title after the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> fire chief told him that book paper burns at 451 °F. In <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Powell_Library" title="Powell Library">Powell Library</a>, in a study room with typewriters for rent for ten cents per half-hour., Bradbury wrote his classic story of a <a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">book burning</a> future, <i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a></i>, which was about 50,000 words long, costing $9.80 from the typewriter-rental fees.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> was also published in serial form in the March, April and May 1954 issues of <a href="/wiki/Playboy_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Playboy Magazine">Playboy Magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aggelis_pxxix_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aggelis_pxxix-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Fahrenheit 451</b> remains a staple in discussions about censorship and dystopian futures. </p><p>A chance encounter in a Los Angeles bookstore with British expatriate writer <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Isherwood" title="Christopher Isherwood">Christopher Isherwood</a> gave Bradbury the opportunity to put <i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles" title="The Martian Chronicles">The Martian Chronicles</a></i> into the hands of a respected critic. Isherwood's glowing review followed.<sup id="cite_ref-CI50_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CI50-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing">Writing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bradbury attributed his lifelong habit of writing every day to two incidents. The first, when he was three years old, was his mother's taking him to see <a href="/wiki/Lon_Chaney,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Lon Chaney, Sr.">Lon Chaney</a> in the 1923 silent film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1923_film)" title="The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923 film)">The Hunchback of Notre Dame</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second occurred in 1932, when a carnival entertainer, one Mr. Electrico, knighted the young man with an electrified sword and intoned: "Live forever!"<sup id="cite_ref-IHW_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHW-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bradbury remarked: "I felt that something strange and wonderful had happened to me because of my encounter with Mr. Electrico ... [he] gave me a future ... I began to write, full-time. I have written every single day of my life since that day 69 years ago."<sup id="cite_ref-IHW_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHW-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that age, Bradbury first started to do <a href="/wiki/Magic_(illusion)" title="Magic (illusion)">magic</a>, which was his first great love. He said that had he not discovered writing, he would have become a magician.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury claimed a wide variety of influences, and described discussions he might have had with his favorite writers, among them <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolfe" title="Thomas Wolfe">Thomas Wolfe</a>. From Steinbeck, he learned "how to write objectively and yet insert all of the insights without too much extra comment." He studied <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> for her "remarkable ability to give you atmosphere, character, and motion in a single line."<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Review-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury was once described as a "<a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a> <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealist</a>" and is often labeled a science-fiction writer. He resisted that categorization, however, defining science fiction as "the art of the possible."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>First of all, I don't write science fiction. I've only done one science fiction book and that's <i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a></i>, based on reality. Science fiction is a depiction of the real. Fantasy is a depiction of the unreal. So <i><a href="/wiki/Martian_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian Chronicles">Martian Chronicles</a></i> is not science fiction, it's fantasy. It couldn't happen, you see? That's the reason it's going to be around a long time—because it's a <a href="/wiki/Greek_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek myth">Greek myth</a>, and myths have staying power.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Bradbury recounted when he came into his own as a writer, the afternoon he wrote a short story about his first encounter with death. When he was a boy, he met a young girl at a lake edge and she went out into the water and never came back. Years later, as he wrote about it in "<a href="/wiki/The_Lake_(short_story)" title="The Lake (short story)">The Lake</a>", tears flowed from him. He recognized he had taken the leap from emulating the many writers he admired to connecting with his voice as a writer.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When later asked about source of the lyrical power of his prose, he replied: "From reading so much poetry every day of my life. My favorite writers have been those who've said things well." He said: "If you're reluctant to weep, you won't live a full and complete life."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In high school, Bradbury was active in the poetry and drama clubs. Planning to become an actor, he became serious about writing as his high-school years progressed. He graduated from Los Angeles High School, where he took poetry classes with Snow Longley Housh and short-story writing courses taught by Jeannet Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The teachers recognized his talent and furthered his interest in writing,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he did not attend college. Instead, he sold newspapers at the corner of South Norton Avenue and Olympic Boulevard. In regard to his education, Bradbury said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Libraries raised me. I don't believe in colleges and universities. I believe in libraries because most students don't have any money. When I graduated from high school, it was during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Depression</a> and we had no money. I couldn't go to college, so I went to the library three days a week for 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_2009-06-19_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_2009-06-19-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lat-1988oct01_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-1988oct01-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So I graduated from the library when I was twenty-eight years old.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lat-1988oct01_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-1988oct01-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">The Paris Review</a></i>: "You can't learn to write in college. It's a very bad place for writers because the teachers always think they know more than you do—and they don't."<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Review-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He considered science to be 'incidental' to his writing. He claimed not to be interested in the development of science, but hoped to use it as a form of social commentary and as an allegorical technique.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He described his inspiration: "My stories run up and bite me in the leg—I respond by writing them down—everything that goes on during the bite. When I finish, the idea lets go and runs off".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Green_Town""><span id=".22Green_Town.22"></span>"Green Town"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: "Green Town""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An imagined version of Waukegan, Green Town is a symbol of safety and home, which is often the setting for tales of the macabre and the dark fantastic. It serves as the setting of his semiautobiographical classics <i><a href="/wiki/Dandelion_Wine" title="Dandelion Wine">Dandelion Wine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Something_Wicked_This_Way_Comes_(novel)" title="Something Wicked This Way Comes (novel)">Something Wicked This Way Comes</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Summer" title="Farewell Summer">Farewell Summer</a></i>, as well as many of his short stories. In Green Town, Bradbury's favorite uncle sprouts wings, traveling carnivals conceal supernatural powers, and his grandparents provide room and board to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps the definitive use of Green Town is in <i>Summer Morning, Summer Night</i>, a collection of short stories and vignettes exclusively set in the town. Bradbury returns to the signature locale as a look back at the rapidly disappearing small-town world of the American heartland, which was the foundation of his roots.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_contributions">Cultural contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cultural contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bradbury wrote many short essays on culture and the arts, attracting the attention of critics in this field, using his fiction to explore and criticize his culture and society. He observed, for example, that <i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> touched on the alienation of people by media: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In writing the short novel <i>Fahrenheit 451</i> I thought I was describing a world that might evolve in four or five decades. But only a few weeks ago, in Beverly Hills one night, a husband and wife passed me, walking their dog. I stood staring after them, absolutely stunned. The woman held in one hand a small cigarette-package-sized radio, its antenna quivering. From this sprang tiny copper wires which ended in a dainty cone plugged into her right ear. There she was, oblivious to man and dog, listening to far winds and whispers and soap opera cries, <a href="/wiki/Sleep_walking" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleep walking">sleep walking</a>, helped up and down curbs by a husband who might just as well not have been there. This was not fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Bradbury stated that the novel worked as a critique of the later development of <a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>How does the story of <i>Fahrenheit 451</i> stand up in 1994?<br /> R.B.: It works even better because we have political correctness now. Political correctness is the real enemy these days. The black groups want to control our thinking and you can't say certain things. The homosexual groups don't want you to criticize them. It's thought control and freedom of speech control.<sup id="cite_ref-Conversations_with_Ray_Bradbury_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conversations_with_Ray_Bradbury-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>In a 1982 essay, he wrote: "People ask me to predict the Future, when all I want to do is prevent it." This intent had been expressed earlier by other authors, most of whom attributed it to him.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 24, 1956, Bradbury appeared on the popular quiz show <i><a href="/wiki/You_Bet_Your_Life" title="You Bet Your Life">You Bet Your Life</a></i> hosted by <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a>. During his introductory comments and on-air banter with Marx, Bradbury briefly discussed some of his books and other works, including giving an overview of "<a href="/wiki/The_Veldt_(short_story)" title="The Veldt (short story)">The Veldt</a>", his short story published six years earlier in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">The Saturday Evening Post</a></i> under the title "The World the Children Made".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury was a consultant for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pavilion" title="United States Pavilion">United States Pavilion</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a> and wrote the narration script for The American Journey attraction there.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also worked on the original exhibit in <a href="/wiki/Epcot" title="Epcot">Epcot</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Spaceship_Earth_(Epcot)" title="Spaceship Earth (Epcot)">Spaceship Earth</a> geosphere at <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World_Resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Walt Disney World Resort">Walt Disney World</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_3_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He focused on detective fiction in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the latter half of the 1980s and early 1990s, he hosted <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ray_Bradbury_Theater" title="The Ray Bradbury Theater">The Ray Bradbury Theater</a></i>, a televised <a href="/wiki/Anthology_series" title="Anthology series">anthology series</a> based on his short stories. </p><p>Bradbury was a strong supporter of public libraries, raising money to prevent the closure of several libraries in California facing budgetary cuts. He said "libraries raised me", and shunned colleges and universities, comparing his own lack of funds during the Depression with poor contemporary students.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His opinion varied on modern technology. In 1985 Bradbury wrote: "I see nothing but good coming from computers. When they first appeared on the scene, people were saying, 'Oh my God, I'm so afraid.' I hate people like that—I call them the neo-<a href="/wiki/Luddites" class="mw-redirect" title="Luddites">Luddites</a>" and: "In a sense, [computers] are simply books. Books are all over the place, and computers will be, too."<sup id="cite_ref-lemley19850108_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lemley19850108-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resisted the conversion of his work into <a href="/wiki/E-book" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book">e-books</a>, saying in 2010: "We have too many cellphones. We've got too many internets. We have got to get rid of those machines. We have too many machines now."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the publishing rights for <i>Fahrenheit 451</i> came up for renewal in December 2011, Bradbury permitted its publication in electronic form provided that the publisher, <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, allowed the e-book to be digitally downloaded by any library patron. The title remains the only book in the Simon & Schuster catalog for which this is possible.<sup id="cite_ref-time_obit_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time_obit-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several comic-book writers have adapted Bradbury's stories, particularly the authors of <a href="/wiki/EC_Comics" title="EC Comics">EC Comics</a>'s line of horror and science-fiction comics. Initially, the writers plagiarized his stories, but a diplomatic letter from Bradbury led to the company's paying him and negotiating properly licensed adaptations of his work. The comics featuring Bradbury's stories included <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_from_the_Crypt_(comics)" title="Tales from the Crypt (comics)">Tales from the Crypt</a></i>, <i>Weird Science</i>, <i>Weird Fantasy</i>, <i>Crime Suspenstories</i>, and <i>Haunt of Fear</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury remained an enthusiastic playwright all his life, leaving a rich theatrical legacy as well as literary. He headed the Pandemonium Theatre Company in Los Angeles for many years, and had a five-year relationship with the Fremont Centre Theatre in South Pasadena.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury is featured prominently in two documentaries related to his classic 1950s–1960s era: <a href="/wiki/Jason_V_Brock" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason V Brock">Jason V Brock</a>'s <i>Charles Beaumont: The Life of Twilight Zone's Magic Man</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> detailing his troubles with <a href="/wiki/Rod_Serling" title="Rod Serling">Rod Serling</a> and his friendships with writers <a href="/wiki/Charles_Beaumont" title="Charles Beaumont">Charles Beaumont</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Clayton_Johnson" title="George Clayton Johnson">George Clayton Johnson</a>, and most especially his dear friend <a href="/wiki/William_F._Nolan" title="William F. Nolan">William F. Nolan</a>; and Brock's <i>The AckerMonster Chronicles!</i>, which delves into the life of former Bradbury agent, close friend, mega-fan and <i><a href="/wiki/Famous_Monsters_of_Filmland" title="Famous Monsters of Filmland">Famous Monsters of Filmland</a></i> editor Forrest J Ackerman.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Bradbury's legacy was celebrated by the bookstore <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451_Books" title="Fahrenheit 451 Books">Fahrenheit 451 Books</a> in Laguna Beach, California, in the 1970s and 1980s. He and his favorite illustrator, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mugnaini" title="Joseph Mugnaini">Joseph Mugnaini</a>, attended the opening of an addition to the store in the mid-1980s. It closed its doors in 1987, but in 1990, another shop of the same name (with different owners) opened in Carlsbad, California.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s and 1990s, Bradbury served on the advisory board of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Student_Film_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Student Film Institute">Los Angeles Student Film Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Bradbury_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ray_Bradbury_2009.jpg/170px-Ray_Bradbury_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ray_Bradbury_2009.jpg/255px-Ray_Bradbury_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ray_Bradbury_2009.jpg/340px-Ray_Bradbury_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Bradbury in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Bradbury lived in his parents' home until, in 1947, at age 27, he married Marguerite McClure (January 16, 1922 – November 24, 2003). They remained married until her death. Maggie, as she was affectionately called, was the only woman he ever dated.<sup id="cite_ref-playboy_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playboy-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had four daughters:<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Susan, Ramona, <a href="/wiki/Bettina_F._Bradbury" title="Bettina F. Bradbury">Bettina</a> and Alexandra.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_dies_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_dies-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bradbury never obtained a driver's license, but used public transportation or his bicycle.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was raised <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> by his parents, who were infrequent churchgoers. As an adult, Bradbury said he considered himself a "delicatessen religionist" who resisted categorization of his beliefs and took guidance from both Eastern and Western faiths. He felt that his career was "a God-given thing, and I'm so grateful, so, so grateful. The best description of my career as a writer is 'At play in the fields of the Lord'."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury was a close friend of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Addams" title="Charles Addams">Charles Addams</a>, and Addams illustrated 1946's "Homecoming", the first of Bradbury's stories about the Elliotts, a family that resembled Addams's own <a href="/wiki/Addams_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Addams Family">Addams Family</a>, transplanted to rural Illinois. Addams and Bradbury planned a larger collaborative work that would tell the family's complete history, but it never materialized, and according to a 2001 interview, they went their separate ways.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2001, Bradbury published all the Family stories he had written in one book with a connecting narrative, <i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Dust_Returned" title="From the Dust Returned">From the Dust Returned</a></i>, featuring a wraparound Addams cover of the original "Homecoming" illustration.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another of Bradbury’s close friends was the special-effects expert <a href="/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen" title="Ray Harryhausen">Ray Harryhausen</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Best_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Best man">best man</a> at Bradbury's wedding.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> 2010 awards tribute honoring Harryhausen's 90th birthday, Bradbury spoke about having first met him at Forrest J Ackerman's house when they were both 18. Their shared love for science fiction, <i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead_(film)" title="The Fountainhead (film)">The Fountainhead</a></i> was the beginning of a lifelong friendship. These early influences inspired them to believe in themselves and to affirm their career choices. After their first meeting, they kept in touch at least once a month: their friendship lasted more than 70 years.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury told of the following encounter with <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bondarchuk" title="Sergei Bondarchuk">Sergei Bondarchuk</a>, director of the 1966–1967 Soviet epic film <i><a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace_(film_series)" title="War and Peace (film series)">War and Peace</a></i>, at a Hollywood award ceremony in Bondarchuk's honor: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>They formed a long queue and as Bondarchuk was walking along it he recognized several people: "Oh Mr. Ford, I like your film." He recognized the director, Greta Garbo, and someone else. I was standing at the very end of the queue and silently watched this. Bondarchuk shouted to me; "Ray Bradbury, is that you?" He rushed up to me, embraced me, dragged me inside, grabbed a bottle of <a href="/wiki/Stolichnaya" title="Stolichnaya">Stolichnaya</a>, sat down at his table where his closest friends were sitting. All the famous Hollywood directors in the queue were bewildered. They stared at me and asked each other "Who is this Bradbury?" And, swearing, they left, leaving me alone with Bondarchuk ...<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Late in life, Bradbury retained his dedication and passion despite the "devastation of illnesses and deaths of many good friends". Among them was the death of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> creator <a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a>, an intimate friend for many years. They remained close for nearly 30 years, after Roddenberry asked him to write for <i>Star Trek</i>; Bradbury declined, claiming that he "never had the ability to adapt other people's ideas into any sensible form".<sup id="cite_ref-playboy_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playboy-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury suffered a stroke in 1999<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that left him partially dependent on a wheelchair.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made regular appearances at science-fiction conventions until 2009, when he retired from the circuit. He continued to write, contributing an essay to the science-fiction issue of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> about his inspiration for writing; it was published a week before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Headstone_of_Ray_Bradbury,_May_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Headstone_of_Ray_Bradbury%2C_May_2012.jpg/220px-Headstone_of_Ray_Bradbury%2C_May_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Headstone_of_Ray_Bradbury%2C_May_2012.jpg/330px-Headstone_of_Ray_Bradbury%2C_May_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Headstone_of_Ray_Bradbury%2C_May_2012.jpg/440px-Headstone_of_Ray_Bradbury%2C_May_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Bradbury's headstone in May 2012, a month before his death</figcaption></figure> <p>Bradbury chose a burial place at <a href="/wiki/Westwood_Village_Memorial_Park_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery">Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery</a> in Los Angeles, with a headstone that reads "Author of Fahrenheit 451".<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 6, 2015, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that the house Bradbury had lived and written in for 50 years, at 10265 Cheviot Drive in <a href="/wiki/Cheviot_Hills,_Los_Angeles" title="Cheviot Hills, Los Angeles">Cheviot Hills, Los Angeles</a>, California, had been demolished by the buyer, architect <a href="/wiki/Thom_Mayne" title="Thom Mayne">Thom Mayne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20150206_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20150206-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bradbury considered himself a political <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raised a Democrat, he voted for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> until 1968. In 1952, he took out an advertisement in <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> as an open letter to <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>, stating: "Every attempt that you make to identify the Democratic Party as the party of Communism, as the 'left-wing' or 'subversive' party, I will attack with all my heart and soul."<sup id="cite_ref-National_Review_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Review-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>'s handling of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> left Bradbury disenchanted, and from 1968 on he voted for the Republican Party in every presidential election with the exception of <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>, when he voted for <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>. According to Bradbury's biographer <a href="/wiki/Sam_Weller_(journalist)" title="Sam Weller (journalist)">Sam Weller</a>, Carter's inept handling of the economy "pushed [Bradbury] permanently away from the Democrats".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury called <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> "the greatest president" whereas he dismissed <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, calling him a "shithead".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2001, shortly before the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, he described <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> as "wonderful" and stated that the American education system was a "monstrosity".<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later criticized <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> for ending <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">NASA's crewed space flight program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, he criticized <a href="/wiki/Big_government" title="Big government">big government</a>, saying that there was "too much government" in America, and "I don't believe in government. I hate politics. I'm against it. And I hope that sometimes this fall, we can destroy part of our government, and next year destroy even more of it. The less government, the happier I will be".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bradbury was against <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a>, condemned what he called "all this political correctness that's rampant on campuses", and called for a ban of <a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">quotas in higher education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-playboy_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playboy-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_85-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He asserted that "[e]ducation is purely an issue of learning—we can no longer afford to have it polluted by damn politics".<sup id="cite_ref-playboy_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playboy-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bradbury died in Los Angeles, California, on June 5, 2012, at the age of 91, after a lengthy illness.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His personal library was willed to the <a href="/wiki/Waukegan_Public_Library" title="Waukegan Public Library">Waukegan Public Library</a>, where he had many of his formative reading experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> credited him with the ability "to write lyrically and evocatively of lands an imagination away, worlds he anchored in the here and now with a sense of visual clarity and small-town familiarity".<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_obit_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes_obit-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His grandson, Danny Karapetian, said Bradbury's works had "influenced so many artists, writers, teachers, scientists, and it's always really touching and comforting to hear their stories".<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_dies_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_dies-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> noted several modern-day technologies that Bradbury had envisioned much earlier, such as the idea of <a href="/wiki/Automatic_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic teller machine">banking ATMs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">earbuds and Bluetooth headsets</a> in <i>Fahrenheit 451</i>, and the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/I_Sing_the_Body_Electric_(Bradbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="I Sing the Body Electric (Bradbury)">I Sing the Body Electric</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 6, 2012, in an official public statement from the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Press_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Press Office">White House Press Office</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For many Americans, the news of Ray Bradbury's death immediately brought to mind images from his work, imprinted in our minds, often from a young age. His gift for storytelling reshaped our culture and expanded our world. But Ray also understood that our imaginations could be used as a tool for better understanding, a vehicle for change, and an expression of our most cherished values. There is no doubt that Ray will continue to inspire many more generations with his writing, and our thoughts and prayers are with his family and friends.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Several authors and filmmakers paid tribute to Bradbury, noting the influence of his works on their own.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ap_quotes_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap_quotes-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> said that Bradbury was "my muse for the better part of my sci-fi career .... On the world of science fiction and fantasy and imagination he is immortal."<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> said that "the landscape of the world we live in would have been diminished if we had not had him in our world".<sup id="cite_ref-ap_quotes_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap_quotes-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Harris" title="Joanne Harris">Joanne Harris</a> called him "a bright, burning spark."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a> released a statement on his website saying: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ray Bradbury wrote three great novels and three hundred great stories. One of the latter was called "<a href="/wiki/A_Sound_of_Thunder" title="A Sound of Thunder">A Sound of Thunder</a>". The sound I hear today is the thunder of a giant's footsteps fading away. But the novels and stories remain, in all their resonance and strange beauty.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a> said she was "warped early by Ray Bradbury." She wrote that Bradbury was: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>So much a part of my own early reading, especially the delicious, clandestine reading done avidly in lieu of homework, and the compulsive reading done at night with a flashlight when I ought to have been sleeping. Stories read with such enthusiasm at such a young age are not so much read as inhaled. They sink all the way in and all the way down, and they stay with you... His imagination had a dark side, and he used that dark twin and its nightmares in his work; but to the waking world he presented a combination of eager, wonder-filled boy and kindly uncle, and that was just as real. In an age of writing classes, he was self-taught; in an age of spin, his was an authentic voice, straight from the heartland; in an age of groomed images, he was a natural.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_Center" title="Ray Bradbury Center">Ray Bradbury Center</a> was established in 2007 as the Center for Ray Bradbury Studies and received Bradbury's papers and artifacts following his death. It continues the work of documenting, preserving, and providing public access to Bradbury's material legacy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_bibliography" title="Ray Bradbury bibliography">Ray Bradbury bibliography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_short_fiction_bibliography" title="Ray Bradbury short fiction bibliography">Ray Bradbury short fiction bibliography</a></div> <p>Bradbury authored "more than 27 novels and story collections", which included many of his 600 short stories.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_obit_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes_obit-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than eight million copies of his works, published in over 36 languages, have been sold around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20120606_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20120606-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PlanetStoriesNov1953.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/PlanetStoriesNov1953.png/170px-PlanetStoriesNov1953.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/PlanetStoriesNov1953.png/255px-PlanetStoriesNov1953.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/PlanetStoriesNov1953.png/340px-PlanetStoriesNov1953.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Bradbury's "The Golden Apples of the Sun" was published in the November 1953 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Stories" title="Planet Stories">Planet Stories</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_novel">First novel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: First novel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949, Bradbury and his wife were expecting their first child. He took a Greyhound bus to New York and checked into a room at the YMCA for 50 cents a night. He took his short stories to a dozen publishers, but no one wanted them. Just before getting ready to go home, Bradbury had dinner with an editor at Doubleday. When Bradbury recounted that everyone wanted a novel and he did not have one, the editor, coincidentally named Walter Bradbury, asked if the short stories might be tied together into a book-length collection. The title was the editor's idea; he suggested: "You could call it <i>The Martian Chronicles</i>." Bradbury liked the idea and recalled making notes in 1944 to do a book set on Mars. That evening, he stayed up all night at the YMCA and typed out an outline. He took it to the Doubleday editor the next morning, who read it and wrote Bradbury a check for $750. When Bradbury returned to Los Angeles, he connected all the short stories that became <i>The Martian Chronicles</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Review-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intended_first_novel">Intended first novel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Intended first novel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>What was later issued as a collection of stories and vignettes, <i>Summer Morning, Summer Night</i>, started out to be Bradbury's first true novel. The core of the work was Bradbury's witnessing of the American small-town life in the American heartland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the winter of 1955–56, after a consultation with his Doubleday editor, Bradbury deferred publication of a novel based on Green Town, the pseudonym for his hometown. Instead, he extracted 17 stories and, with three other Green Town tales, bridged them into his 1957 book <i>Dandelion Wine</i>. Later, in 2006, Bradbury published the original novel remaining after the extraction, and retitled it <i>Farewell Summer</i>. These two titles show what stories and episodes Bradbury decided to retain as he created the two books out of one.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The most significant of the remaining unpublished stories, scenes, and fragments were published under the originally intended name for the novel, <i>Summer Morning, Summer Night</i>, in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations_to_other_media">Adaptations to other media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Adaptations to other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ray_Bradbury" title="Special:EditPage/Ray Bradbury">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From 1950 to 1954, 31 of Bradbury's stories were adapted by <a href="/wiki/Al_Feldstein" title="Al Feldstein">Al Feldstein</a> for EC Comics (seven of them uncredited in six stories, including "<a href="/wiki/Kaleidoscope_(short_story)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaleidoscope (short story)">Kaleidoscope</a>" and "Rocket Man" being combined as "Home To Stay"—for which Bradbury was retroactively paid—and EC's first version of "The Handler" under the title "A Strange Undertaking") and 16 of these were collected in the paperbacks, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Autumn_People" title="The Autumn People">The Autumn People</a></i> (1965) and <i><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Midnight" title="Tomorrow Midnight">Tomorrow Midnight</a></i> (1966), both published by <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a> with cover illustrations by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Frazetta" title="Frank Frazetta">Frank Frazetta</a>. Also in the early 1950s, adaptations of Bradbury's stories were televised in several anthology shows, including <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Tomorrow" title="Tales of Tomorrow">Tales of Tomorrow</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lights_Out_(radio_show)" title="Lights Out (radio show)">Lights Out</a></i>, <i>Out There</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Suspense_(radio_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspense (radio program)">Suspense</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_Television_Workshop" title="CBS Television Workshop">CBS Television Workshop</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fireside_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Fireside Theater">The Jane Wyman Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Tonight" title="Star Tonight">Star Tonight</a></i>, <i>Windows</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_Presents" title="Alfred Hitchcock Presents">Alfred Hitchcock Presents</a></i>. "The Merry-Go-Round", a half-hour film adaptation of Bradbury's "The Black Ferris", praised by <i>Variety</i>, was shown on <i>Starlight Summer Theater</i> in 1954 and NBC's <i><a href="/wiki/Sneak_Preview_(TV_series)" title="Sneak Preview (TV series)">Sneak Preview</a></i> in 1956. During that same period, several stories were adapted for radio drama, notably on the science fiction anthologies <i><a href="/wiki/Dimension_X_(radio_program)" title="Dimension X (radio program)">Dimension X</a></i> and its successor <i><a href="/wiki/X_Minus_One" title="X Minus One">X Minus One</a></i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhedosaurus_%26_the_lighthouse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rhedosaurus_%26_the_lighthouse.png/220px-Rhedosaurus_%26_the_lighthouse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rhedosaurus_%26_the_lighthouse.png/330px-Rhedosaurus_%26_the_lighthouse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rhedosaurus_%26_the_lighthouse.png/440px-Rhedosaurus_%26_the_lighthouse.png 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1074" /></a><figcaption>Scene from the 1953 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_from_20,000_Fathoms" title="The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms">The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms</a></i>, based on Bradbury's 1951 short story "<a href="/wiki/The_Fog_Horn" title="The Fog Horn">The Fog Horn</a>"</figcaption></figure> <p>Producer <a href="/wiki/William_Alland" title="William Alland">William Alland</a> first brought Bradbury to movie theaters in 1953 with <i><a href="/wiki/It_Came_from_Outer_Space" title="It Came from Outer Space">It Came from Outer Space</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Harry_Essex" title="Harry Essex">Harry Essex</a> screenplay developed from Bradbury's screen treatment "Atomic Monster". Three weeks later came the release of Eugène Lourié's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_from_20,000_Fathoms" title="The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms">The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms</a></i> (1953), which featured one scene based on Bradbury's "<a href="/wiki/The_Fog_Horn" title="The Fog Horn">The Fog Horn</a>", about a sea monster mistaking the sound of a fog horn for the mating cry of a female. Bradbury's close friend Ray Harryhausen produced the stop-motion animation of the creature. Bradbury later returned the favor by writing a short story "Tyrannosaurus Rex" about a stop-motion animator who strongly resembled Harryhausen. Over the next 50 years, more than 35 features, shorts, and TV movies were based on Bradbury's stories or screenplays. Bradbury was hired in 1953 by director <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> to work on the screenplay for his film version of <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Melville</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(1956_film)" title="Moby Dick (1956 film)">Moby Dick</a></i> (1956), which stars <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> as Captain Ahab, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Basehart" title="Richard Basehart">Richard Basehart</a> as Ishmael, and <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> as Father Mapple. A significant result of the film was Bradbury's book <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Shadows,_White_Whale" title="Green Shadows, White Whale">Green Shadows, White Whale</a></i>, a semifictionalized account of the making of the film, including Bradbury's dealings with Huston and his time in Ireland, where exterior scenes that were set in <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford, Massachusetts</a>, were filmed. </p><p>Bradbury's short story “I Sing the Body Electric” (from the book of the same name) was adapted for the <a href="/wiki/I_Sing_the_Body_Electric_(The_Twilight_Zone)" title="I Sing the Body Electric (The Twilight Zone)">100th episode of <i>The Twilight Zone</i></a>. The episode was first aired on May 18, 1962. </p><p>Bradbury and director Charles Rome Smith co-founded the Pandemonium Theatre Company in 1964. Its first production was <i>The World of Ray Bradbury</i>, consisting of one-act adaptations of "<a href="/wiki/The_Pedestrian" title="The Pedestrian">The Pedestrian</a>", "The Veldt", and "To the Chicago Abyss". It ran for four months at the Coronet Theatre in Los Angeles (October 1964 – February 1965); an off-Broadway production was presented in October 1965. Another Pandemonium Theatre Company production was mounted at the Coronet Theatre in 1965, again presenting adaptations of three Bradbury short stories: "The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit", "The Day It Rained Forever", and "Device Out of Time". (The last was adapted from his 1957 novel <i>Dandelion Wine</i>). The original cast for this production featured <a href="/wiki/Booth_Coleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Booth Coleman">Booth Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joby_Baker" title="Joby Baker">Joby Baker</a>, Fredric Villani, Arnold Lessing, Eddie Sallia, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Taylor_(actor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Taylor (actor) (page does not exist)">Keith Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bull_(actor)" title="Richard Bull (actor)">Richard Bull</a>, Gene Otis Shane, Henry T. Delgado, <a href="/wiki/F._Murray_Abraham" title="F. Murray Abraham">F. Murray Abraham</a>, Anne Loos, and <a href="/wiki/Len_Lesser" title="Len Lesser">Len Lesser</a>. The director, again, was Charles Rome Smith. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Werner" title="Oskar Werner">Oskar Werner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> starred in <i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451_(1966_film)" title="Fahrenheit 451 (1966 film)">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> (1966), an adaptation of Bradbury's novel directed by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a>. </p><p>In 1966, Bradbury helped <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Garrison" title="Lynn Garrison">Lynn Garrison</a> create <i>AVIAN</i>, a specialist aviation magazine. For the first issue, Bradbury wrote a poem "Planes That Land on Grass". </p><p>In 1969, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_Man" title="The Illustrated Man">The Illustrated Man</a></i> was brought to the big screen, starring <a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claire_Bloom" title="Claire Bloom">Claire Bloom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Drivas" title="Robert Drivas">Robert Drivas</a>. Containing the prologue and three short stories from the book, the film received mediocre reviews. The same year, Bradbury approached composer <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Goldsmith" title="Jerry Goldsmith">Jerry Goldsmith</a>, who had worked with Bradbury in dramatic radio of the 1950s and later scored the <a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_Man_(film)" title="The Illustrated Man (film)">film version</a>, to compose a <a href="/wiki/Cantata" title="Cantata">cantata</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Christus_Apollo" title="Christus Apollo">Christus Apollo</a></i> based on Bradbury's text.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work premiered in late 1969, with the <a href="/wiki/California_Chamber_Symphony" title="California Chamber Symphony">California Chamber Symphony</a> performing with narrator <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a>. </p><p><i>Something Wicked This Way Comes</i> was adapted for a low-budget 1972 British film, produced by the Forest Hill Film Unit & Drama Troupe and directed by Colin Finbow.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv/220px--Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="247" data-mwtitle="Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv/Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv/Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Ray Bradbury takes part in a symposium at <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a> with <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>, journalist <a href="/wiki/Walter_S._Sullivan" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter S. Sullivan">Walter Sullivan</a>, and scientists <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_C._Murray" title="Bruce C. Murray">Bruce Murray</a>. In this excerpt, Bradbury reads his poem 'If Only We Had Taller Been' (poem begins at 2:20, full text<sup id="cite_ref-lendennie_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lendennie-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Video released by NASA in honor of the naming of <a href="/wiki/Bradbury_Landing" title="Bradbury Landing">Bradbury Landing</a> in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> In 1972, <i>The Screaming Woman</i> was adapted as an ABC Movie-of-the-Week starring <a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Martian Chronicles (TV miniseries)">The Martian Chronicles</a></i> became a three-part TV <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hudson" title="Rock Hudson">Rock Hudson</a>, which was first broadcast by <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 1980. Bradbury found the miniseries "just boring".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1982 television movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Grandmother" title="The Electric Grandmother">The Electric Grandmother</a></i> was based on Bradbury's short story "I Sing the Body Electric". </p><p>The 1983 horror film <i><a href="/wiki/Something_Wicked_This_Way_Comes_(film)" title="Something Wicked This Way Comes (film)">Something Wicked This Way Comes</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pryce" title="Jonathan Pryce">Jonathan Pryce</a>, is based on the Bradbury novel of the same name. </p><p>In 1984, Michael McDonough of Brigham Young University produced <i><a href="/wiki/Bradbury_13" title="Bradbury 13">Bradbury 13</a></i>, a series of 13 audio adaptations of famous stories from Bradbury, in conjunction with National Public Radio. The full-cast dramatizations featured adaptations of "The Ravine", "Night Call, Collect", "The Veldt", "There Was an Old Woman", "Kaleidoscope", "<a href="/wiki/Dark_They_Were,_and_Golden-Eyed" title="Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed">Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed</a>", "The Screaming Woman", "A Sound of Thunder", "The Man", "The Wind", "The Fox and the Forest", "<a href="/wiki/Here_There_Be_Tygers" title="Here There Be Tygers">Here There Be Tygers</a>", and "The Happiness Machine". Voiceover actor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Frees" title="Paul Frees">Paul Frees</a> provided narration, while Bradbury was responsible for the opening voiceover; Greg Hansen and Roger Hoffman scored the episodes. The series won a <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a> and two Gold Cindy awards and was released on CD on May 1, 2010. The series began airing on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a> on June 12, 2011. </p><p>From 1985 to 1992, Bradbury hosted a <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndicated</a> anthology television series, <i>The Ray Bradbury Theater</i>, for which he adapted 65 of his stories. Each episode began with a shot of Bradbury in his office, gazing over mementoes of his life, which he states (in narrative) are used to spark ideas for stories. During the first two seasons, Bradbury also provided additional voiceover narration specific to the featured story and appeared on screen. </p><p>Deeply respected in the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, Bradbury's fiction has been adapted into six episodes of the Soviet science-fiction TV series <i>This Fantastic World</i> which adapted the stories film version of "Forever and the Earth", "I Sing The Body Electric", "The Smile", <i>Fahrenheit 451</i>, "A Piece of Wood", and "To the Chicago Abyss".<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984 a cartoon adaptation of “<a href="/wiki/There_Will_Come_Soft_Rains_(short_story)" title="There Will Come Soft Rains (short story)">There Will Come Soft Rains</a>” («Будет ласковый дождь») came out by Uzbek director Nazim Tulyakhodzhayev.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made a film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Veldt_(film)" title="The Veldt (film)">“The Veldt”</a> in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985, film adaptation of "I Sing The Body Electric" («Электронная бабушка») came out by Lithuanian director <a href="/wiki/Algimantas_Puipa" title="Algimantas Puipa">Algimantas Puipa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, a cartoon adaptation of "Here There Be Tygers" («Здесь могут водиться тигры») by director Vladimir Samsonov came out.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, "The Smile" has been adapted as <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chaika" title="Viktor Chaika">Viktor Chaika</a>'s music video "Mona Lisa" which included footage from Soviet TV series <i>This Fantastic World</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury wrote and narrated the 1993 animated television version of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Halloween_Tree_(1993_TV_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Halloween Tree (1993 TV film)">The Halloween Tree</a></i>, based on <a href="/wiki/The_Halloween_Tree" title="The Halloween Tree">his 1972 novel</a>. </p><p>The 1998 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Ice_Cream_Suit" title="The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit">The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit</a></i>, released by <a href="/wiki/Touchstone_Pictures" title="Touchstone Pictures">Touchstone Pictures</a>, was written by Bradbury. It was based on his story "The Magic White Suit" originally published in <i>The Saturday Evening Post</i> in 1957. The story had also previously been adapted as a play, a musical, and a 1958 television version. </p><p>In 2002, Bradbury's own Pandemonium Theatre Company production of <i>Fahrenheit 451</i> at Burbank's Falcon Theatre combined live acting with projected digital animation by the Pixel Pups.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, Telarium released a game for <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> based on <i>Fahrenheit 451</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Sound_of_Thunder_(film)" title="A Sound of Thunder (film)">A Sound of Thunder</a></i> was released, loosely based upon the short story of the same name. The film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Butterfly_Effect" title="The Butterfly Effect">The Butterfly Effect</a></i> revolves around the same theory as <i>A Sound of Thunder</i> and contains many references to its inspiration. Short film adaptations of <i>A Piece of Wood</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Small_Assassin" title="The Small Assassin">The Small Assassin</a></i> were released in 2005 and 2007, respectively. </p><p>In 2005, it was reported that Bradbury was upset with filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a> for using the title <i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11">Fahrenheit 9/11</a></i>, which is an allusion to Bradbury's <i>Fahrenheit 451</i>, for his documentary about the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">George W. Bush administration</a>. Bradbury expressed displeasure with Moore's use of the title, but stated that his resentment was not politically motivated, though Bradbury was <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative-leaning</a> politically.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bradbury asserted that he did not want any of the money made by the movie, nor did he believe that he deserved it. He pressured Moore to change the name, but to no avail. Moore called Bradbury two weeks before the film's release to apologize, saying that the film's marketing had been set in motion a long time ago and it was too late to change the title.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the film <i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury%27s_Chrysalis" title="Ray Bradbury's Chrysalis">Ray Bradbury's Chrysalis</a></i> was produced by Roger Lay Jr. for Urban Archipelago Films, based upon the short story of the same name. The film won the best feature award at the International Horror and Sci-Fi Film Festival in Phoenix. The film has international distribution by Arsenal Pictures and domestic distribution by Lightning Entertainment. </p><p>In 2010, <i>The Martian Chronicles</i> was adapted for radio by <i>Colonial Radio Theatre on the Air</i>. </p><p>Bradbury's works and approach to writing are documented in <a href="/wiki/Terry_Sanders" title="Terry Sanders">Terry Sanders</a>'s film <i>Ray Bradbury: Story of a Writer</i> (1963). </p><p>Bradbury's poem "Groon" was voiced as a tribute in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bradbury's story "Pendulum" was adapted into the second episode of the science fiction podcast <i>DUST</i> (2019).<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeRayLaura.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/GeorgeRayLaura.jpg/220px-GeorgeRayLaura.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/GeorgeRayLaura.jpg/330px-GeorgeRayLaura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/GeorgeRayLaura.jpg/440px-GeorgeRayLaura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption>Bradbury receiving the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> in 2004 with President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_Award" title="Ray Bradbury Award">Ray Bradbury Award</a> for excellency in screenwriting was occasionally presented by the <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Writers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America">Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America</a> – presented to six people on four occasions from 1992 to 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning 2010, the Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation is presented annually according to Nebula Awards rules and procedures, although it is not a Nebula Award.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revamped Bradbury Award replaced the <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Script" title="Nebula Award for Best Script">Nebula Award for Best Script</a>. </p> <ul><li>In 1971, an impact crater on the Moon was named <a href="/wiki/Dandelion_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandelion (crater)">Dandelion</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a> astronauts, in honor of Bradbury's 1957 novel <i>Dandelion Wine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1979, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters (Litt.D.) degree from <a href="/wiki/Whittier_College" title="Whittier College">Whittier College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1984, he received the <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus Award</a> for <i>Fahrenheit 451</i>.</li> <li>In 1986, Ray Bradbury was a Guest of Honor at the 44th World Science Fiction Convention, which was held in Atlanta, Ga., from August 28 to September 1.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ray Bradbury Park was dedicated in Waukegan, Illinois, in 1990. He was present for the ribbon-cutting ceremony. The park contains locations described in <i>Dandelion Wine</i>, most notably the "113 steps". In 2009, a panel designed by artist Michael Pavelich was added to the park detailing the history of Ray Bradbury and Ray Bradbury Park.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> discovered in 1992 was named "9766 Bradbury"<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his honor.</li> <li>In 1994, he received the <a href="/wiki/Helmerich_Award" title="Helmerich Award">Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award</a>, presented annually by the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_City-County_Library" title="Tulsa City-County Library">Tulsa Library Trust</a>.</li> <li>In 1994, he won an <a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Daytime Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> for the screenplay <i><a href="/wiki/The_Halloween_Tree_(film)" title="The Halloween Tree (film)">The Halloween Tree</a></i>.</li> <li>In 2000, he was awarded the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters from the National Book Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Bradbury was given a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> on April 1, 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2003, he received an honorary doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Woodbury_University" title="Woodbury University">Woodbury University</a>, where he presented the Ray Bradbury Creativity Award each year until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On November 17, 2004, Bradbury received the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a>, presented by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Retro Hugo Award: He was awarded a <i>Retro Hugo Award</i> for Best Novel for <i>Fahrenheit 451</i> in 2004.</li> <li>Bradbury received a <a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award_for_Life_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement">World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement</a> at the 1977 World Fantasy Convention and was named <a href="/wiki/Gandalf_Grand_Master_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandalf Grand Master Award">Gandalf Grand Master</a> of Fantasy at the 1980 World Science Fiction Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-SFAwards_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989 the <a href="/wiki/Horror_Writers_Association" title="Horror Writers Association">Horror Writers Association</a> gave him the fourth or fifth <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement">Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror fiction</a><sup id="cite_ref-HWA_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HWA-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Writers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction Writers of America">Science Fiction Writers of America</a> made him its 10th <a href="/wiki/SFWA_Grand_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="SFWA Grand Master">SFWA Grand Master</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SFWA_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFWA-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won a <a href="/wiki/First_Fandom" title="First Fandom">First Fandom</a> Hall of Fame Award in 1996<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame</a> inducted him in 1999, its fourth class of two deceased and two living writers.<sup id="cite_ref-sfhof-old_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfhof-old-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2005, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Laws (<i><a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honoris causa</a></i>) by the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland,_Galway" class="mw-redirect" title="National University of Ireland, Galway">National University of Ireland, Galway</a>, at a conferring ceremony in Los Angeles.</li> <li>On April 14, 2007, Bradbury received the <a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Clarke_Award" title="Sir Arthur Clarke Award">Sir Arthur Clarke Award</a>'s Special Award, given by Clarke to a recipient of his choice.</li> <li>On April 16, 2007, Bradbury received a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">special citation by the Pulitzer Prize jury</a> "for his distinguished, prolific, and deeply influential career as an unmatched author of science fiction and fantasy".<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2007, Bradbury was made a Commandeur (Commander) of the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" title="Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">Ordre des Arts et des Lettres</a> (Order of the Arts and Letters) by the French government.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2008, he was named <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Poetry_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction Poetry Association">SFPA</a> Grandmaster.<sup id="cite_ref-SFPA_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFPA-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On May 17, 2008, Bradbury received the inaugural J. Lloyd Eaton Lifetime Achievement Award in Science Fiction, presented by the UCR Libraries at the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Eaton_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Eaton Award">Eaton Science Fiction Conference</a>, "Chronicling Mars".<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On November 19, 2008, Bradbury was presented with the Illinois Literary Heritage Award by the Illinois Center for the Book.</li> <li>In 2009, Bradbury was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Columbia College Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Spike_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike TV">Spike TV</a> <a href="/wiki/2010_Scream_Awards" title="2010 Scream Awards">Scream Awards</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con_International" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Comic-Con International">Comic-Con</a> Icon Award went to Bradbury</li> <li>In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Curiosity rover"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> landing site (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ray_Bradbury&params=4.5895_S_137.4417_E_globe:Mars"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°35′22″S</span> <span class="longitude">137°26′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.5895°S 137.4417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-4.5895; 137.4417</span></span></span></a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-MSNBC-20120806_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-20120806-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-S&T-20120807_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S&T-20120807-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">planet Mars</a> was named "<a href="/wiki/Bradbury_Landing" title="Bradbury Landing">Bradbury Landing</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20120822_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20120822-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On December 6, 2012, the Los Angeles street corner at 5th and Flower Streets was named "Ray Bradbury Square" in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On February 24, 2013, Bradbury was honored at the <a href="/wiki/85th_Academy_Awards" title="85th Academy Awards">85th Academy Awards</a> during that event's "In Memoriam" segment.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2020, the Library of America published a collection of his early works, and his works are consistently included in curricula in schools worldwide.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fantasy_Film_Worlds_of_George_Pal" title="The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal">The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal</a></i> (1985), produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leibovit" title="Arnold Leibovit">Arnold Leibovit</a>, Bradbury appeared in the documentary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBradbury1968" class="citation web cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bradbury, Ray</a> (January 17, 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1Q0k1k43-Y">"Ray Bradbury speaking at UCLA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> Communications Studies Department – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ray+Bradbury+speaking+at+UCLA&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Los+Angeles+Communications+Studies+Department&rft.date=1968-01-17&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DR1Q0k1k43-Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em ;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-isfdb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?194">Ray Bradbury</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a> (ISFDB). Retrieved April 22, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comic-con.org/awards/inkpot">"Inkpot Award"</a>. <i>Comic-Con International: San Diego</i>. December 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic-Con+International%3A+San+Diego&rft.atitle=Inkpot+Award&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comic-con.org%2Fawards%2Finkpot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://victorianweb.org/genre/index.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Mode" is replacing "genre" in critical terminology in order to broaden the range of critical discussion of specific types of literary expression. In the following link categorizing Victorian literature, "genre" is used for overall categories, such as poetry and nonfiction, and "mode" is used for particular kinds of literary types, such as realism and fantasy. Retrieved 28 February 2021"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Mode%22+is+replacing+%22genre%22+in+critical+terminology+in+order+to+broaden+the+range+of+critical+discussion+of+specific+types+of+literary+expression.+In+the+following+link+categorizing+Victorian+literature%2C+%22genre%22+is+used+for+overall+categories%2C+such+as+poetry+and+nonfiction%2C+and+%22mode%22+is+used+for+particular+kinds+of+literary+types%2C+such+as+realism+and+fantasy.+Retrieved+28+February+2021.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvictorianweb.org%2Fgenre%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20120606-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20120606_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20120606_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20120606_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonas2012" class="citation news cs1">Jonas, Gerald (June 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/07/books/ray-bradbury-popularizer-of-science-fiction-dies-at-91.html">"Ray Bradbury, Master of Science Fiction books, Dies at 91"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ray+Bradbury%2C+Master+of+Science+Fiction+books%2C+Dies+at+91&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft.aulast=Jonas&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F06%2F07%2Fbooks%2Fray-bradbury-popularizer-of-science-fiction-dies-at-91.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSociety_for_the_Study_of_Midwestern_Literature2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Society for the Study of Midwestern Literature (2001). Greasley, Philip A. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnuYKJSoHCMC&pg=PA77"><i>Dictionary of Midwestern Literature</i></a>. Vol. 1, The Authors. Indiana University Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253336095" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253336095"><bdi>978-0253336095</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Midwestern+Literature&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0253336095&rft.au=Society+for+the+Study+of+Midwestern+Literature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZnuYKJSoHCMC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom, Harold <i>Ray Bradbury</i> 2010 Infobase Publishing., p. 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Touponce, William F. "Ray (Douglas) Bradbury". <i>American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies, Supplement 4</i>. Ed. A Walton Litz and Molly Weigel. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1996. Literature Resources from Gale. November 16, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Certificate of Birth, Ray Douglas Bradbury, August 22, 1920, Lake County Clerk's Record #4750. Although he was named after Rae Williams, a cousin on his father's side, Ray Bradbury's birth certificate spells his first name as "Ray".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paradowski, Robert J. "Ray Bradbury". Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Second Revised Edition" 2001:1–5. EBSCO. November 8, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2010/08/18/ray-bradbury-has-the-most-amazing-dreams-i-write-screenplays-he-says-with-a-wink-in-the-middle-of-the-night-when-he-wa/">Ray Bradbury's close encounters with W.C. Fields, George Burns...</a> by Susan King; <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, August 18, 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205075018/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2010/08/18/ray-bradbury-has-the-most-amazing-dreams-i-write-screenplays-he-says-with-a-wink-in-the-middle-of-the-night-when-he-wa/">Archived</a> February 5, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller2012" class="citation news cs1">Weller, Sam (June 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/culture/2012/06/ray-bradbury-the-author-of-fahrenheit-451-recalls-the-visit-to-the-circus-that-changed-his-life.html">"Ray Bradbury: The author of Fahrenheit 451 recalls the visit to the circus that changed his life"</a>. <i>Slate</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Ray+Bradbury%3A+The+author+of+Fahrenheit+451+recalls+the+visit+to+the+circus+that+changed+his+life.&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fculture%2F2012%2F06%2Fray-bradbury-the-author-of-fahrenheit-451-recalls-the-visit-to-the-circus-that-changed-his-life.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Litz, A. Walton. American Writers Supplement IV. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1996. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paris_Review-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Review_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Weller, Sam (Spring 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/6012/the-art-of-fiction-no-203-ray-bradbury">"Ray Bradbury Interview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">The Paris Review</a></i>. No. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-2037">0031-2037</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Ray+Bradbury+Interview&rft.ssn=spring&rft.issue=192&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0031-2037&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F6012%2Fthe-art-of-fiction-no-203-ray-bradbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnabySchulz2002" class="citation book cs1">Barnaby, Barnaby; Schulz, Monte, eds. (December 15, 2002). <i>Snoopy's Guide to the Writing Life</i>. Cincinnati, OH: Writer's Digest Books. pp. 161–164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1582971943" title="Special:BookSources/1582971943"><bdi>1582971943</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Snoopy%27s+Guide+to+the+Writing+Life&rft.place=Cincinnati%2C+OH&rft.pages=161-164&rft.pub=Writer%27s+Digest+Books&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft.isbn=1582971943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Contemporary Authors Online. <i>Ray Bradbury</i>. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Web.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heller, Terry. Magill's Survey of American Literature. Revised Edition. Pasadena: Salem Press, 2006. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillan2013" class="citation book cs1">McMillan, Gloria, ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2aYCAQAAQBAJ"><i>Orbiting Ray Bradbury's Mars: Biographical, Anthropological, Literary, Scientific and Other Perspectives</i></a>. Critical Explorations in Science Fiction and Fantasy, 41. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786475766" title="Special:BookSources/9780786475766"><bdi>9780786475766</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857141273">857141273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orbiting+Ray+Bradbury%27s+Mars%3A+Biographical%2C+Anthropological%2C+Literary%2C+Scientific+and+Other+Perspectives&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.series=Critical+Explorations+in+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy%2C+41&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857141273&rft.isbn=9780786475766&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2aYCAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The article linked appears in the source, but this name conflicts with the group's web site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111031060704/http://www.neabigread.org/books/fahrenheit451/fahrenheit451_04.php">"The Big Read"</a>. Neabigread.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neabigread.org/books/fahrenheit451/fahrenheit451_04.php">the original</a> on October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Big+Read&rft.pub=Neabigread.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neabigread.org%2Fbooks%2Ffahrenheit451%2Ffahrenheit451_04.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Weller, Interviewed by Sam (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/6012/the-art-of-fiction-no-203-ray-bradbury">"The Art of Fiction No. 203"</a>. Vol. Spring 2010, no. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-2037">0031-2037</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+Fiction+No.+203&rft.volume=Spring+2010&rft.issue=192&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0031-2037&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=Interviewed+by+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F6012%2Fthe-art-of-fiction-no-203-ray-bradbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-playboy-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-playboy_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-playboy_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-playboy_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-playboy_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-playboy_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-playboy_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-playboy_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-playboy_21-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKen_Kelley1996" class="citation journal cs1">Ken Kelley (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020312181029/https://raybradbury.com/articles_playboy.html">"About Ray Bradbury Interview"</a>. <i>Playboy</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raybradbury.com/articles_playboy.html">the original</a> on March 12, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playboy&rft.atitle=About+Ray+Bradbury+Interview&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Ken+Kelley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raybradbury.com%2Farticles_playboy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raybradbury.com/ubb/Forum1/HTML/000825.html">Marguerite bradbury – Ray Bradbury Discussion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170531133222/http://www.raybradbury.com/ubb/Forum1/HTML/000825.html">Archived</a> May 31, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Ray Bradbury Official website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEller2011" class="citation book cs1">Eller, Jonathan (2011). <i>Becoming Ray Bradbury</i>. University of Illinois Press. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252093357" title="Special:BookSources/9780252093357"><bdi>9780252093357</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Ray+Bradbury&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780252093357&rft.aulast=Eller&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bradbury1972-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bradbury1972_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradbury,_Ray1972" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bradbury, Ray</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9YP_awFRqToC&pg=PA4"><i>The Veldt</i></a>. Woodstock, Illinois: Dramatic Publishing. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58342-028-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58342-028-7"><bdi>978-1-58342-028-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Veldt&rft.place=Woodstock%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Dramatic+Publishing&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-1-58342-028-7&rft.au=Bradbury%2C+Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9YP_awFRqToC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.s9.com/Biography/Bradbury-Raymond-Douglas">"Biographies: Bradbury, Raymond Douglas"</a>. s9.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographies%3A+Bradbury%2C+Raymond+Douglas&rft.pub=s9.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.s9.com%2FBiography%2FBradbury-Raymond-Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cuppy, Will, "Review of Dark Carnival", <i>New York Herald Tribune Books</i>, May 25, 1947.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2012" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Dean (June 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/06/ray-bradbury-from-truman-capote-to-a-t-m-s/">"Ray Bradbury, From Truman Capote to A.T.M.'s"</a>. <i>The 6th Floor Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+6th+Floor+Blog&rft.atitle=Ray+Bradbury%2C+From+Truman+Capote+to+A.T.M.%27s&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2F6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F06%2F06%2Fray-bradbury-from-truman-capote-to-a-t-m-s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNEA2010" class="citation web cs1">NEA (June 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arts.gov/stories/video/nea-big-read-meet-ray-bradbury">"NEA Big Read: Meet Ray Bradbury"</a>. <i>National Endowment for the Arts</i>. arts.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610182031/https://www.arts.gov/stories/video/nea-big-read-meet-ray-bradbury">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Endowment+for+the+Arts&rft.atitle=NEA+Big+Read%3A+Meet+Ray+Bradbury&rft.date=2010-06-06&rft.au=NEA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arts.gov%2Fstories%2Fvideo%2Fnea-big-read-meet-ray-bradbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aggelis_pxxix-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aggelis_pxxix_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAggelis2004" class="citation book cs1">Aggelis, Steven L., ed. (2004). <i>Conversations with Ray Bradbury</i>. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. p. xxix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57806-640-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57806-640-9"><bdi>1-57806-640-9</bdi></a>. <q>...[in 1954 Bradbury received] two other awards—National Institute of Arts and Letters Award in Literature and Commonwealth Club of California Literature Gold Medal Award—for <i>Fahrenheit 451</i>, which is published in three installments in <i>Playboy</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversations+with+Ray+Bradbury&rft.place=Jackson%2C+MS&rft.pages=xxix&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-57806-640-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CI50-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CI50_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsherwood1950" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Isherwood" title="Christopher Isherwood">Isherwood, Christopher</a> (October 1950), "A Review of <i>The Martian Chronicles</i>", <i>Tomorrow</i>, <b>10</b>: 56–58</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tomorrow&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+The+Martian+Chronicles&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=56-58&rft.date=1950-10&rft.aulast=Isherwood&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paradowski, Robert J. "Ray Bradbury". Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Second Revised Edition (2001): UFO. November 10, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IHW-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IHW_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IHW_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616140758/http://www.raybradbury.com/inhiswords02.html">"In His Words"</a>. RayBradbury.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raybradbury.com/inhiswords02.html">the original</a> on June 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+His+Words&rft.pub=RayBradbury.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raybradbury.com%2Finhiswords02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terry Sanders's film Ray Bradbury: Story of a Writer (1963)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229072114/https://cosmolearning.org/videos/a-conversation-with-ray-bradbury-2001-1131/">"A Conversation with Ray Bradbury (2001) | CosmoLearning English"</a>. <i>CosmoLearning</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cosmolearning.org/videos/a-conversation-with-ray-bradbury-2001-1131/">the original</a> on December 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CosmoLearning&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+with+Ray+Bradbury+%282001%29+%26%23124%3B+CosmoLearning+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcosmolearning.org%2Fvideos%2Fa-conversation-with-ray-bradbury-2001-1131%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.topica.com/lists/gsn-newsday-list/read/message.html?sort=t&mid=911788456">Ray Bradbury interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205075553/http://lists.topica.com/lists/gsn-newsday-list/read/message.html?sort=t&mid=911788456">Archived</a> February 5, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "I am not a science fiction writer. I am a fantasy writer. But the label got put on me and stuck." March 23, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWil_GerkenNathan_HendlerDoug_FloydJohn_Banks" class="citation web cs1">Wil Gerken; Nathan Hendler; Doug Floyd; John Banks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weeklywire.com/ww/09-27-99/alibi_feat1.html">"Books: Grandfather Time (Weekly Alibi . 09-27-99)"</a>. Weeklywire.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Books%3A+Grandfather+Time+%28Weekly+Alibi+.+09-27-99%29&rft.pub=Weeklywire.com&rft.au=Wil+Gerken&rft.au=Nathan+Hendler&rft.au=Doug+Floyd&rft.au=John+Banks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweeklywire.com%2Fww%2F09-27-99%2Falibi_feat1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradbury1990" class="citation book cs1">Bradbury, Ray (1990). <i>Zen in the Art of Writing</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zen+in+the+Art+of+Writing&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuest_Columnist2012" class="citation web cs1">Guest Columnist (June 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/2012/06/personal_lessons_from_futurist.html">"Personal lessons from futurist Ray Bradbury on crying, escaping, laughing"</a>. Opinion. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a></i>. Portland, OR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Personal+lessons+from+futurist+Ray+Bradbury+on+crying%2C+escaping%2C+laughing&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft.au=Guest+Columnist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fopinion%2F2012%2F06%2Fpersonal_lessons_from_futurist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceagecity.com/bradbury/bio.htm">Ray Bradbury Biography</a> Ray Bradbury Online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502055029/http://www.spaceagecity.com/bradbury/bio.htm">Archived</a> May 2, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Litz, A. Walton, and Molly Weigel, eds. <i>American Writers</i> (Supp. 4, Pt. 1). New York: Macmillan Library Reference. 1996. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes_2009-06-19-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_2009-06-19_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinhauer2009" class="citation news cs1">Steinhauer, Jennifer (June 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/20/us/20ventura.html">"A Literary Legend Fights for a Local Library"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Mayor%2C+Author+Launch+Library+Funding+Drive&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-10-01-me-4256-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publiclibrariesonline.org/2013/05/i-graduated-from-the-library-an-interview-with-ray-bradbury/">"I Graduated from the Library: An Interview with Ray Bradbury - Public Libraries Online"</a>. <i>Public Libraries Online - A Publication of the Public Library Association</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Libraries+Online+-+A+Publication+of+the+Public+Library+Association&rft.atitle=I+Graduated+from+the+Library%3A+An+Interview+with+Ray+Bradbury+-+Public+Libraries+Online&rft.date=2013-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubliclibrariesonline.org%2F2013%2F05%2Fi-graduated-from-the-library-an-interview-with-ray-bradbury%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuseum2021" class="citation web cs1">Museum, American Writers (August 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanwritersmuseum.org/ray-bradbury-101/">"Ray Bradbury 101"</a>. <i>The American Writers Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subterraneanpress.com/store/product_detail/summer_morning_summer_night">the original</a> on August 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Subterranean+Press&rft.atitle=Summer+Morning%2C+Summer+Night+by+Ray+Bradbury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsubterraneanpress.com%2Fstore%2Fproduct_detail%2Fsummer_morning_summer_night&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sites from these works which still exist in Waukegan include his boyhood home, his grandparents' home next door (and their connecting lawns where he gathered dandelions with his grandfather to make wine) and, less than a block away, the famous ravine which Bradbury used as a <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a> throughout his career.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted by <a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Amis" title="Kingsley Amis">Kingsley Amis</a> in <i>New Maps of Hell: A Survey of Science Fiction</i> (1960).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conversations_with_Ray_Bradbury-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conversations_with_Ray_Bradbury_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasior1994" class="citation web cs1">Gasior, Ann (October 1, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:168044/datastream/PDF/view">"Bradbury Talk Likely to Feature the Unexpected"</a>. <i>Florida State University Libraries</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+Do+Not+Want+to+Predict+the+Future.+I+Want+to+Prevent+It&rft.pub=Quote+Investigator&rft.date=2010-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquoteinvestigator.com%2F2010%2F10%2F19%2Fprevent-the-future%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211029/NBTrUx46b8I"><i>You Bet Your Life #55-35 Science fiction author Ray Bradbury (Secret word 'House', May 24, 1956)</i></a>. November 16, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBTrUx46b8I">the original</a> on October 29, 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=You+Bet+Your+Life+%2355-35+Science+fiction+author+Ray+Bradbury+%28Secret+word+%27House%27%2C+May+24%2C+1956%29&rft.date=2013-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DNBTrUx46b8I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/05/01/106964225.html?zoom=14.8">"Screen: Riding Through U.S. History; ' The American Journey' Covering 400 Years at Federal Pavilion"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Screen%3A+Riding+Through+U.S.+History%3B+%27+The+American+Journey%27+Covering+400+Years+at+Federal+Pavilion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1964%2F05%2F01%2F106964225.html%3Fzoom%3D14.8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradbury" class="citation web cs1">Bradbury, Ray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nywf64.com/unista09.shtml">"The American Journey"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+American+Journey&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnywf64.com%2Funista09.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_1-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_1_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay_Bradbury" class="citation web cs1">Ray Bradbury. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060908221118/http://www.raybradbury.com/bio.html">"In 1982 he created the interior metaphors for the Spaceship Earth display at Epcot Center, Disney World"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raybradbury.com/bio.html">the original</a> on September 8, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+1982+he+created+the+interior+metaphors+for+the+Spaceship+Earth+display+at+Epcot+Center%2C+Disney+World&rft.au=Ray+Bradbury&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raybradbury.com%2Fbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_2-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_2_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay_Bradbury" class="citation web cs1">Ray Bradbury. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061018212058/http://www.raybradbury.com/articles_town_talk.html">"The images at Spaceship Earth in Disney World's EPCOT Center in Orlando? Well, they are all Bradbury's ideas"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raybradbury.com/articles_town_talk.html">the original</a> on October 18, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+images+at+Spaceship+Earth+in+Disney+World%27s+EPCOT+Center+in+Orlando%3F+Well%2C+they+are+all+Bradbury%27s+ideas.&rft.au=Ray+Bradbury&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raybradbury.com%2Farticles_town_talk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_3-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ray_Bradbury,_Spaceship_Earth_3_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ray Bradbury. "He also serves as a consultant, having collaborated, for example, in the design of a pavilion in the Epcot Center at Walt Disney World." Referring to Spaceship Earth ... <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raybradbury.com/articles_book_mag.html">raybradbury.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060912201242/http://www.raybradbury.com/articles_book_mag.html">Archived</a> September 12, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Litz, A. Walton., and Molly V. Weigel. American Writers: a Collection of Literary Biographies. New York: Scribner, 1996. Print</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinhauer2009" class="citation news cs1">Steinhauer, Jennifer (June 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/20/us/20ventura.html">"A Literary Legend Fights for a Local Library"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Literary+Legend+Fights+for+a+Local+Library&rft.date=2009-06-19&rft.aulast=Steinhauer&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F06%2F20%2Fus%2F20ventura.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemley19850108-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lemley19850108_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemley,_Brad1985" class="citation news cs1">Lemley, Brad (January 8, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iwjS--W2mG8C&pg=PA133">"Other Voices, Other Futures"</a>. <i>PC Magazine</i>. p. 133<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Other+Voices%2C+Other+Futures&rft.pages=133&rft.date=1985-01-08&rft.au=Lemley%2C+Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiwjS--W2mG8C%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15968500">"Fahrenheit 451 becomes e-book despite author's feelings"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. November 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Fahrenheit+451+becomes+e-book+despite+author%27s+feelings&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-15968500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time_obit-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-time_obit_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJablon2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Jablon, Robert (June 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608233645/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/06/06/farenheit-451-author-ray-bradbury-dies-at-91/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Fahrenheit 451' Author Ray Bradbury Dies at 91"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.time.com/2012/06/06/farenheit-451-author-ray-bradbury-dies-at-91/">the original</a> on June 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=%27Fahrenheit+451%27+Author+Ray+Bradbury+Dies+at+91&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft.aulast=Jablon&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.time.com%2F2012%2F06%2F06%2Ffarenheit-451-author-ray-bradbury-dies-at-91%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2019/08/ray-bradbury-comic-book-hero/">"Ray Bradbury: Comic Book Hero"</a>. <i>The Saturday Evening Post</i>. August 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Saturday+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Ray+Bradbury%3A+Comic+Book+Hero&rft.date=2019-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saturdayeveningpost.com%2F2019%2F08%2Fray-bradbury-comic-book-hero%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes2012" class="citation web cs1">Times, David Ng David Ng is a former Company Town reporter for the Los Angeles (June 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-ray-bradbury-theater-20120606-story.html">"Ray Bradbury, 91, leaves a rich theatrical legacy too"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ray+Bradbury%2C+91%2C+leaves+a+rich+theatrical+legacy+too&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=David+Ng+David+Ng+is+a+former+Company+Town+reporter+for+the+Los+Angeles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2Fculture%2Fla-et-cm-ray-bradbury-theater-20120606-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French, Lawrence <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/2010/03/richard-matheson-remembers-his-good-friend-charles-beaumont/">"Richard Matheson remembers his good friend Charles Beaumont"</a>, March 24, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924045224/http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/2010/03/richard-matheson-remembers-his-good-friend-charles-beaumont/">Archived</a> September 24, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ray Riegert, <i>Hidden Coast of California: The Adventurer's Guide</i> (Berkeley, Cal.: Ulysses Press, 1988), p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Program" class="citation book cs1"><i>National Student Film Institute/L.A: The Sixteenth Annual Los Angeles Student Film Festival</i>. The Directors Guild Theatre, Los Angeles: The Directors Guild. June 10, 1994. pp. 10–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Student+Film+Institute%2FL.A%3A+The+Sixteenth+Annual+Los+Angeles+Student+Film+Festival&rft.place=The+Directors+Guild+Theatre%2C+Los+Angeles&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=The+Directors+Guild&rft.date=1994-06-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Program" class="citation book cs1"><i>Los Angeles Student Film Institute: 13th Annual Student Film Festival</i>. The Directors Guild Theatre, Los Angeles: The Directors Guild. June 7, 1991. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+Angeles+Student+Film+Institute%3A+13th+Annual+Student+Film+Festival&rft.place=The+Directors+Guild+Theatre%2C+Los+Angeles&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=The+Directors+Guild&rft.date=1991-06-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9315001/Ray-Bradbury.html">"Telegraph obituary"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. June 6, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9315001/Ray-Bradbury.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Telegraph+obituary&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F9315001%2FRay-Bradbury.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_dies-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_dies_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_dies_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18345350">"Author Ray Bradbury dies, aged 91"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. June 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.switched.com/2009/06/25/author-ray-bradbury-on-the-web-not-real-its-in-the-air-somew/">the original</a> on October 1, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Dreams+of+Ray+Bradbury%3A+10+predictions+that+came+true&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft.aulast=Tsukayama&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fdreams-of-ray-bradbury-ten-predictions-that-came-true%2F2012%2F06%2F06%2FgJQAqbs9IV_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/06/06/statement-president-passing-ray-bradbury">"Statement by the President on the Passing of Ray Bradbury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. June 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2012</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+by+the+President+on+the+Passing+of+Ray+Bradbury&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2012%2F06%2F06%2Fstatement-president-passing-ray-bradbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18346773">"Tributes paid to sci-fi author Ray Bradbury"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Writers%2C+filmmakers+react+to+Ray+Bradbury%27s+death&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fae%2Fcelebrity%2Farticles%2F2012%2F06%2F06%2Fwriters_filmmakers_react_to_ray_bradburys_death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitchik2012" class="citation news cs1">Zeitchik, Steven (June 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/06/ray-bradbury-died-obituary-books-movies.html">"Ray Bradbury was a huge influence on the film world too"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ray+Bradbury+was+a+huge+influence+on+the+film+world+too&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft.aulast=Zeitchik&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fmovies%2F2012%2F06%2Fray-bradbury-died-obituary-books-movies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2012" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Joanne (June 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18345685">"Ray Bradbury Was a Bright, Burning Spark"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ray+Bradbury+Was+a+Bright%2C+Burning+Spark&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-18345685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stephenking.com/index.html?i=312">Stephen Comments on the Death of Ray Bradbury</a>. Stephen King. Retrieved June 7, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630003904/http://www.stephenking.com/index.html">Archived</a> June 30, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood2012" class="citation news cs1">Atwood, Margaret (June 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/jun/08/margaret-atwood-on-ray-bradbury">"Margaret Atwood on Ray Bradbury: the tale-teller who tapped into the gothic core of America"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Margaret+Atwood+on+Ray+Bradbury%3A+the+tale-teller+who+tapped+into+the+gothic+core+of+America&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2012%2Fjun%2F08%2Fmargaret-atwood-on-ray-bradbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609001741/http://www.pspublishing.co.uk/dandelion-wine-50th-anniversary-ed-signed-2-vol-sc-by-ray-bradbury--stephen-king-out-of-print-1022-p.asp">"Dandelion Wine 50th Anniversary Ed"</a>. <i>PS Publishing</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pspublishing.co.uk/index.asp?function=ERROR404&type=PRODUCT">the original</a> on June 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PS+Publishing&rft.atitle=Dandelion+Wine+50th+Anniversary+Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pspublishing.co.uk%2Findex.asp%3Ffunction%3DERROR404%26type%3DPRODUCT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsmith2002" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1">Goldsmith, Jerry (2002). <i>Jerry Goldsmith: Christus Apollo</i> (CD). <a href="/wiki/Telarc_International_Corporation" title="Telarc International Corporation">Telarc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jerry+Goldsmith%3A+Christus+Apollo&rft.pub=Telarc&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Goldsmith&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://letterboxd.com/film/something-wicked-this-way-comes-1972/">"Something Wicked This Way Comes (1972)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Something+Wicked+This+Way+Comes+%281972%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fletterboxd.com%2Ffilm%2Fsomething-wicked-this-way-comes-1972%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3krOs8nwnsE">"Something Wicked This Way Comes 1972"</a> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Something+Wicked+This+Way+Comes+1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3krOs8nwnsE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lendennie-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lendennie_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessie_Lendennie2006" class="citation book cs1">Jessie Lendennie, ed. 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Salmon Publishing. pp. 57–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903392102" title="Special:BookSources/9781903392102"><bdi>9781903392102</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=If+Only+We+Had+Taller+Been&rft.btitle=Daughter+and+Other+Poems&rft.pages=57-58&rft.pub=Salmon+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781903392102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4rS2bmh1KmEC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.cfm?id=1086"><i>In Memoriam: Ray Bradbury 1920–2012</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>. June 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Ray+Bradbury+1920%E2%80%932012&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fvideo%2Findex.cfm%3Fid%3D1086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller2005" class="citation book cs1">Weller, Sam (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bradburychronicl00well/page/301"><i>The Bradbury Chronicles: The Life of Ray Bradbury</i></a>. New York: HarperCollins. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bradburychronicl00well/page/301">301–302</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054581-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054581-9"><bdi>978-0-06-054581-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bradbury+Chronicles%3A+The+Life+of+Ray+Bradbury&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=301-302&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-054581-9&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbradburychronicl00well%2Fpage%2F301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gtrf.ru/">"State fund of Television and Radio Programs"</a> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+fund+of+Television+and+Radio+Programs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gtrf.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dzen.ru/a/YqX5L49PGk46L6F6">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Мона Лиза" - главный хит Виктора Чайки. История песни и любопытный секрет шедеврального клипа!"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%22+-+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdzen.ru%2Fa%2FYqX5L49PGk46L6F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120909130617/http://www.kinomaniac.ru/movie.php?id=1366">"Check belong any von this optimal business at continue for shaping ampere fantastic website usage business" <bdi lang="ru">Будет ласковый дождь</bdi></a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinomaniac.ru/movie.php?id=1366">the original</a> on September 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Check+belong+any+von+this+optimal+business+at+continue+for+shaping+ampere+fantastic+website+usage+business+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinomaniac.ru%2Fmovie.php%3Fid%3D1366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://raybradbury.ru/video-stage/video/the_veldt/"><bdi lang="ru">"Вельд", Киностудия "Узбекфильм", 1987</bdi></a> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%22%2C+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%22%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%22%2C+1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fraybradbury.ru%2Fvideo-stage%2Fvideo%2Fthe_veldt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lfc.lt/lt/Page=AMovieList&ID=351&GenreID=454">"Elektroninė senelė"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elektronin%C4%97+senel%C4%97&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lfc.lt%2Flt%2FPage%3DAMovieList%26ID%3D351%26GenreID%3D454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201212324/http://mebu.ru/stf/catalog.php?fl=1"><bdi lang="ru">Мультипликационные фильмы</bdi></a>. <i>Творческое объединение «Экран»</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mebu.ru/stf/catalog.php?fl=1&letter=%c7">the original</a> on February 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%C2%AB%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%C2%BB&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmebu.ru%2Fstf%2Fcatalog.php%3Ffl%3D1%26letter%3D%25c7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050827043730/http://sromagazine.biz/mag/one_hot_stage/index.html">"fahrenheit 451 and ray bradbury and flames and fire and falcon theatre and pixel pups and fahrenheit 451"</a>. August 27, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sromagazine.biz/mag/one_hot_stage/index.html">the original</a> on August 27, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=fahrenheit+451+and+ray+bradbury+and+flames+and+fire+and+falcon+theatre+and+pixel+pups+and+fahrenheit+451&rft.date=2005-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsromagazine.biz%2Fmag%2Fone_hot_stage%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemon64.com/">"Lemon64.com - all about Commodore 64"</a>. <i>Lemon64</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lemon64&rft.atitle=Lemon64.com+-+all+about+Commodore+64&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemon64.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller2005" class="citation book cs1">Weller, Sam (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bradburychronicl00well/page/330"><i>The Bradbury Chronicles: The Life of Ray Bradbury</i></a>. New York: HarperCollins. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bradburychronicl00well/page/330">330–331</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054581-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054581-9"><bdi>978-0-06-054581-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bradbury+Chronicles%3A+The+Life+of+Ray+Bradbury&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=330-331&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-054581-9&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbradburychronicl00well%2Fpage%2F330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/49873749"><i>"Groon" (a poem) by Ray Bradbury</i></a> – via Vimeo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Groon%22+%28a+poem%29+by+Ray+Bradbury&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F49873749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watchdust.com/listen/">"Listen – WatchDust.com"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listen+%E2%80%93+WatchDust.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatchdust.com%2Flisten%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Sfwa.html">"Other SFWA Awards"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016210647/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Sfwa.html">Archived</a> October 16, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Locus Index to SF Awards: About the Awards</i>. Locus Publications. Retrieved April 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfwa.org/nebula-awards/nebula-weekend/other-useful-links/faq/">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110705212101/http://www.sfwa.org/nebula-awards/nebula-weekend/other-useful-links/faq/">Archived</a> July 5, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. SFWA. Retrieved April 2, 2013. Quote: "Effective January 2009, here are the new rules for the Nebula Awards".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ray-bradbury-q7c3qm7wz57">"Ray Bradbury: Jovial, much-lauded writer of Fahrenheit 451 whose economical prose and insatiable curiosity won many converts to science fiction"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. June 7, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Ray+Bradbury%3A+Jovial%2C+much-lauded+writer+of+Fahrenheit+451+whose+economical+prose+and+insatiable+curiosity+won+many+converts+to+science+fiction&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fray-bradbury-q7c3qm7wz57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whittier.edu/alumni/poetnation/honorary">"Honorary Degrees | Whittier College"</a>. <i>www.whittier.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.whittier.edu&rft.atitle=Honorary+Degrees+%7C+Whittier+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whittier.edu%2Falumni%2Fpoetnation%2Fhonorary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">44th World Science Fiction Convention program of events, 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeilman2012" class="citation news cs1">Keilman, John (June 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2012/06/07/waukegans-landscape-values-never-left-bradbury/">"Waukegan's landscape, values never left Bradbury"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Waukegan%27s+landscape%2C+values+never+left+Bradbury&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft.aulast=Keilman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2012%2F06%2F07%2Fwaukegans-landscape-values-never-left-bradbury%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=9766">"Small-Body Database Lookup"</a>. <i>ssd.jpl.nasa.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Small-Body+Database+Lookup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Ftools%2Fsbdb_lookup.html%23%2F%3Fsstr%3D9766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalbook.org/nbaacceptspeech_rbradbury.html">Distinguished Contribution to American Letters Award</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912071702/http://www.nationalbook.org/nbaacceptspeech_rbradbury.html">Archived</a> September 12, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> with his acceptance speech.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raybradbury.com/awards_Hollywood.html">"Ray Bradbury Receives Star on Hollywood Walk of Fame"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414014933/http://www.raybradbury.com/awards_Hollywood.html">Archived</a> April 14, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Press release, office of Mayor Hahn, April 1, 2002. Retrieved April 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120618171925/http://woodbury.edu/news/view/woodbury-mourns-the-passing-of-ray-bradbury">"Woodbury mourns the passing of Ray Bradbury"</a>. Woodbury university. June 6, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://woodbury.edu/news/view/woodbury-mourns-the-passing-of-ray-bradbury">the original</a> on June 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Woodbury+mourns+the+passing+of+Ray+Bradbury&rft.pub=Woodbury+university&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwoodbury.edu%2Fnews%2Fview%2Fwoodbury-mourns-the-passing-of-ray-bradbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302211928/http://www.nea.gov/honors/Medals/medalists_year.html">"Lifetime honors: National medal of the arts"</a>. National Endowment for the arts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nea.gov/honors/medals/medalists_year.html">the original</a> on March 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lifetime+honors%3A+National+medal+of+the+arts&rft.pub=National+Endowment+for+the+arts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nea.gov%2Fhonors%2Fmedals%2Fmedalists_year.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFAwards-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/NomLit16.html#571">"Bradbury, Ray"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016200835/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/NomLit16.html">Archived</a> October 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Locus Index to SF Awards: Index to Literary Nominees</i>. <a href="/wiki/Locus_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Locus Publications">Locus Publications</a>. Retrieved March 22, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HWA-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HWA_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horror.org/laawd.htm">"Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509115710/http://www.horror.org/laawd.htm">Archived</a> May 9, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Horror Writers Association (<b>HWA</b>). Retrieved April 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFWA-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SFWA_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfwa.org/nebula-awards/nebula-weekend/events-program/grandmaster/">"Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110701114233/http://www.sfwa.org/nebula-awards/nebula-weekend/events-program/grandmaster/">Archived</a> July 1, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA). Retrieved April 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723162821/http://www.firstfandom.org/ffhofaward.htm">"First Fandom: First Fandom hall of fame award"</a>. First Fandom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstfandom.org/ffhofaward.htm">the original</a> on July 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Intersection+near+L.A.+library+named+for+Ray+Bradbury&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.aulast=Pool&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fla-xpm-2012-dec-06-la-me-bradbury-square-20121207-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140118075514/http://news.msn.com/obits/oscars-in-memoriam-2013">"Oscars 'In Memoriam' 2013: Full list"</a>. MSN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.msn.com/obits/oscars-in-memoriam-2013">the original</a> on January 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oscars+%27In+Memoriam%27+2013%3A+Full+list&rft.pub=MSN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.msn.com%2Fobits%2Foscars-in-memoriam-2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: General and cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2013" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, James Arthur (2013). <i>The Illustrated Ray Bradbury</i>. Wildside Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4794-0007-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4794-0007-2"><bdi>978-1-4794-0007-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Ray+Bradbury&rft.pub=Wildside+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4794-0007-2&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=James+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbright1990" class="citation book cs1">Albright, Donn (1990). <i>Bradbury Bits & Pieces: The Ray Bradbury Bibliography, 1974–88</i>. Starmont House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55742-151-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55742-151-7"><bdi>978-1-55742-151-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bradbury+Bits+%26+Pieces%3A+The+Ray+Bradbury+Bibliography%2C+1974%E2%80%9388&rft.pub=Starmont+House&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-55742-151-7&rft.aulast=Albright&rft.aufirst=Donn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllerTouponce2004" class="citation book cs1">Eller, Jonathan R.; Touponce, William F. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raybradburylifeo00elle"><i>Ray Bradbury: The Life of Fiction</i></a>. Kent State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-779-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-779-8"><bdi>978-0-87338-779-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Bradbury%3A+The+Life+of+Fiction&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-779-8&rft.aulast=Eller&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+R.&rft.au=Touponce%2C+William+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fraybradburylifeo00elle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEller2011" class="citation book cs1">Eller, Jonathan R. (2011). <i>Becoming Ray Bradbury</i>. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03629-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03629-3"><bdi>978-0-252-03629-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Ray+Bradbury&rft.place=Urbana%2C+IL&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-252-03629-3&rft.aulast=Eller&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolan1975" class="citation book cs1">Nolan, William F. (1975). <i>The Ray Bradbury Companion: A Life and Career History, Photolog, and Comprehensive Checklist of Writings</i>. Gale Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-0930-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-0930-2"><bdi>978-0-8103-0930-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ray+Bradbury+Companion%3A+A+Life+and+Career+History%2C+Photolog%2C+and+Comprehensive+Checklist+of+Writings&rft.pub=Gale+Research&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-0930-2&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=William+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParadowskiRhynes2001" class="citation book cs1">Paradowski, Robert J.; Rhynes, Martha E. (2001). <i>Ray Bradbury</i>. Salem Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Bradbury&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Paradowski&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft.au=Rhynes%2C+Martha+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2000" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Robin Anne (2000). <i>Ray Bradbury: A Critical Companion</i>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30901-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30901-4"><bdi>978-0-313-30901-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Bradbury%3A+A+Critical+Companion&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30901-4&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Robin+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuck1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_H._Tuck" title="Donald H. Tuck">Tuck, Donald H.</a> (1974). <i>The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy</i>. Chicago: Advent. pp. 61–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-911682-20-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-911682-20-5"><bdi>978-0-911682-20-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=61-63&rft.pub=Advent&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-911682-20-5&rft.aulast=Tuck&rft.aufirst=Donald+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeist2002" class="citation book cs1">Weist, Jerry (2002). <i>Bradbury, an Illustrated Life: A Journey to Far Metaphor</i>. William Morrow and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-001182-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-001182-6"><bdi>978-0-06-001182-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bradbury%2C+an+Illustrated+Life%3A+A+Journey+to+Far+Metaphor&rft.pub=William+Morrow+and+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-06-001182-6&rft.aulast=Weist&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Weller_(journalist)" title="Sam Weller (journalist)">Weller, Sam</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bradburychronicl00well"><i>The Bradbury Chronicles: The Life of Ray Bradbury</i></a></span>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054581-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054581-9"><bdi>978-0-06-054581-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bradbury+Chronicles%3A+The+Life+of+Ray+Bradbury&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-054581-9&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbradburychronicl00well&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Bradbury" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Ray Bradbury</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Ray_Bradbury" class="extiw" title="c:category:Ray Bradbury">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" class="extiw" title="q:Ray Bradbury">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Ray_Bradbury" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Ray Bradbury">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ray_Bradbury" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Ray Bradbury">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40640" class="extiw" title="d:Q40640">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://raybradbury.com">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40640#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bradbury.iupui.edu">Center for Ray Bradbury Studies</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University%E2%80%93Purdue_University_Indianapolis" title="Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis">Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/ray-bradbury">Works by Ray Bradbury in eBook form</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20Ray%20Douglas%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20Ray%20D%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20R%2E%20D%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ray%20Douglas%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ray%20D%2E%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22R%2E%20D%2E%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20Ray%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ray%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ray%20Douglas%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ray%20D%2E%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22R%2E%20D%2E%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22R%2E%20Douglas%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20Ray%20Douglas%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20Ray%20D%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20R%2E%20D%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20R%2E%20Douglas%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ray%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20Ray%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ray%20Douglas%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ray%20D%2E%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20title%3A%22R%2E%20D%2E%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ray%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ray%20Douglas%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ray%20D%2E%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20description%3A%22R%2E%20D%2E%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20Ray%20Douglas%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20Ray%20D%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ray%20Bradbury%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Bradbury%2C%20Ray%22%29%20OR%20%28%221920-2012%22%20AND%20Bradbury%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Ray Bradbury</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/9830">Works by Ray Bradbury</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/ray-bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ray_Bradbury" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ray Bradbury"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ray_Bradbury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_bibliography" title="Ray Bradbury bibliography">Bibliography</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_short_fiction_bibliography" title="Ray Bradbury short fiction bibliography">Short fiction</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles" title="The Martian Chronicles">The Martian Chronicles</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dandelion_Wine" title="Dandelion Wine">Dandelion Wine</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Something_Wicked_This_Way_Comes_(novel)" title="Something Wicked This Way Comes (novel)">Something Wicked This Way Comes</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Halloween_Tree" title="The Halloween Tree">The Halloween Tree</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Is_a_Lonely_Business" title="Death Is a Lonely Business">Death Is a Lonely Business</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Graveyard_for_Lunatics" title="A Graveyard for Lunatics">A Graveyard for Lunatics</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Shadows,_White_Whale" title="Green Shadows, White Whale">Green Shadows, White Whale</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Dust_Returned" title="From the Dust Returned">From the Dust Returned</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_All_Kill_Constance" title="Let's All Kill Constance">Let's All Kill Constance</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Summer" title="Farewell Summer">Farewell Summer</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Hollerbochen%27s_Dilemma" title="Hollerbochen's Dilemma">Hollerbochen's Dilemma</a>" (1938)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Scythe_(short_story)" title="The Scythe (short story)">The Scythe</a>" (1943)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I,_Rocket" title="I, Rocket">I, Rocket</a>" (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Lake_(short_story)" title="The Lake (short story)">The Lake</a>" (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Frost_and_Fire_(short_story)" title="Frost and Fire (short story)">Frost and Fire</a>" (1946)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles#The_Million-Year_Picnic_(October_2026/2057)" title="The Martian Chronicles">The Million Year Picnic</a>" (1946)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Small_Assassin_(short_story)" title="The Small Assassin (short story)">The Small Assassin</a>" (1946)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_See_You_Never" title="I See You Never">I See You Never</a>" (1947)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fever_Dream_(short_story)" title="Fever Dream (short story)">Fever Dream</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Fruit_at_the_Bottom_of_the_Bowl" title="The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl">The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles#The_Long_Years_(April_2026/2057)" title="The Martian Chronicles">The Long Years</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mars_Is_Heaven!" title="Mars Is Heaven!">Mars Is Heaven!</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dark_They_Were,_and_Golden-Eyed" title="Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed">Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed</a>" (1949)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Exiles_(Bradbury_story)" title="The Exiles (Bradbury story)">The Exiles</a>" (1949)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Marionettes,_Inc." title="Marionettes, Inc.">Marionettes, Inc.</a>" (1949)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Long_Rain" title="The Long Rain">The Long Rain</a>" (1950)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Rocket_(short_story)" title="The Rocket (short story)">The Rocket</a>" (1950)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There_Will_Come_Soft_Rains_(short_story)" title="There Will Come Soft Rains (short story)">There Will Come Soft Rains</a>" (1950)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Veldt_(short_story)" title="The Veldt (short story)">The Veldt</a>" (1950)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles#Ylla_(February_1999/2030)" title="The Martian Chronicles">Ylla</a>" (1950)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Embroidery_(short_story)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embroidery (short story)">Embroidery</a>" (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Fog_Horn" title="The Fog Horn">The Fog Horn</a>" (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Here_There_Be_Tygers" title="Here There Be Tygers">Here There Be Tygers</a>" (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Pedestrian" title="The Pedestrian">The Pedestrian</a>" (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_April_Witch" title="The April Witch">The April Witch</a>" (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Sound_of_Thunder" title="A Sound of Thunder">A Sound of Thunder</a>" (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Wilderness_(short_story)" title="The Wilderness (short story)">The Wilderness</a>" (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Machine_(short_story)" title="The Flying Machine (short story)">The Flying Machine</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Kite,_the_Silver_Wind" title="The Golden Kite, the Silver Wind">The Golden Kite, the Silver Wind</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Meadow_(play)" title="The Meadow (play)">The Meadow</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Murderer" title="The Murderer">The Murderer</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sun_and_Shadow_(short_story)" title="Sun and Shadow (short story)">Sun and Shadow</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Summer_in_a_Day" title="All Summer in a Day">All Summer in a Day</a>" (1954)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Dragon_(short_story)" title="The Dragon (short story)">The Dragon</a>" (1955)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Aqueduct" title="The Aqueduct">The Aqueduct</a>" (1979)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Banshee_(short_story)" title="Banshee (short story)">Banshee</a>" (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Toynbee_Convector" title="The Toynbee Convector">The Toynbee Convector</a>" (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Is_That_You,_Herb%3F" title="Is That You, Herb?">Is That You, Herb?</a>" (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Carnival_(short_story_collection)" title="Dark Carnival (short story collection)">Dark Carnival</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_Man" title="The Illustrated Man">The Illustrated Man</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Apples_of_the_Sun" title="The Golden Apples of the Sun">The Golden Apples of the Sun</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_October_Country" title="The October Country">The October Country</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Medicine_for_Melancholy" title="A Medicine for Melancholy">A Medicine for Melancholy</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Medicine_for_Melancholy" title="A Medicine for Melancholy">The Day It Rained Forever</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Small_Assassin" title="The Small Assassin">The Small Assassin</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_Is_for_Rocket" title="R Is for Rocket">R Is for Rocket</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Machineries_of_Joy" title="The Machineries of Joy">The Machineries of Joy</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vintage_Bradbury" title="The Vintage Bradbury">The Vintage Bradbury</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S_Is_for_Space" title="S Is for Space">S Is for Space</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twice_22" title="Twice 22">Twice 22</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Sing_the_Body_Electric!_(short_story_collection)" title="I Sing the Body Electric! (short story collection)">I Sing the Body Electric!</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_(short_story_collection)" title="Ray Bradbury (short story collection)">Ray Bradbury</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_After_Midnight" title="Long After Midnight">Long After Midnight</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fog_Horn_%26_Other_Stories" title="The Fog Horn & Other Stories">The Fog Horn & Other Stories</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Circus_and_the_Electrocution" title="The Last Circus and the Electrocution">The Last Circus and the Electrocution</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stories_of_Ray_Bradbury" title="The Stories of Ray Bradbury">The Stories of Ray Bradbury</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fog_Horn_and_Other_Stories" title="The Fog Horn and Other Stories">The Fog Horn and Other Stories</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Tales" title="Dinosaur Tales">Dinosaur Tales</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Memory_of_Murder" title="A Memory of Murder">A Memory of Murder</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Toynbee_Convector_(short_story_collection)" title="The Toynbee Convector (short story collection)">The Toynbee Convector</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Stories_1" title="Classic Stories 1">Classic Stories 1</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Stories_2" title="Classic Stories 2">Classic Stories 2</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Parrot_Who_Met_Papa" title="The Parrot Who Met Papa">The Parrot Who Met Papa</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selected_from_Dark_They_Were,_and_Golden-Eyed" title="Selected from Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed">Selected from Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quicker_Than_the_Eye" title="Quicker Than the Eye">Quicker Than the Eye</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Driving_Blind" title="Driving Blind">Driving Blind</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_Collected_Short_Stories" title="Ray Bradbury Collected Short Stories">Ray Bradbury Collected Short Stories</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_More_for_the_Road_(short_story_collection)" title="One More for the Road (short story collection)">One More for the Road</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bradbury_Stories:_100_of_His_Most_Celebrated_Tales" title="Bradbury Stories: 100 of His Most Celebrated Tales">Bradbury Stories: 100 of His Most Celebrated Tales</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cat%27s_Pajamas:_Stories" title="The Cat's Pajamas: Stories">The Cat's Pajamas: Stories</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Stories_1" title="Classic Stories 1">A Sound of Thunder and Other Stories</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dragon_Who_Ate_His_Tail" title="The Dragon Who Ate His Tail">The Dragon Who Ate His Tail</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summer_Morning,_Summer_Night" title="Summer Morning, Summer Night">Summer Morning, Summer Night</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Pleasure_to_Burn" title="A Pleasure to Burn">A Pleasure to Burn</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Ray_Bradbury" title="The Collected Stories of Ray Bradbury">The Collected Stories of Ray Bradbury</a></i> (2011, 2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meadow_(play)" title="The Meadow (play)">The Meadow</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Machine_(short_story)" title="The Flying Machine (short story)">The Flying Machine: A One-Act Play for Three Men</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Ice_Cream_Suit_and_Other_Plays" title="The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit and Other Plays">The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit and Other Plays</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillar_of_Fire_and_Other_Plays" title="Pillar of Fire and Other Plays">Pillar of Fire and Other Plays</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles" title="The Martian Chronicles">The Martian Chronicles</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Ice_Cream_Suit" title="The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit">The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dandelion_Wine" title="Dandelion Wine">Dandelion Wine</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Veldt_(short_story)" title="The Veldt (short story)">The Veldt</a></i> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Came_from_Outer_Space" title="It Came from Outer Space">It Came from Outer Space</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(1956_film)" title="Moby Dick (1956 film)">Moby Dick</a></i> (1956 screenplay)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Sing_the_Body_Electric_(The_Twilight_Zone)" title="I Sing the Body Electric (The Twilight Zone)">I Sing the Body Electric</a>" (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Autumn_People" title="The Autumn People">The Autumn People</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Midnight" title="Tomorrow Midnight">Tomorrow Midnight</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451_(1966_film)" title="Fahrenheit 451 (1966 film)">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Picasso_Summer" title="The Picasso Summer">The Picasso Summer</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_Man_(film)" title="The Illustrated Man (film)">The Illustrated Man</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles_(miniseries)" title="The Martian Chronicles (miniseries)">The Martian Chronicles</a></i> (1980 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Grandmother" title="The Electric Grandmother">The Electric Grandmother</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Something_Wicked_This_Way_Comes_(film)" title="Something Wicked This Way Comes (film)">Something Wicked This Way Comes</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bradbury_13" title="Bradbury 13">Bradbury 13</a></i> (radio series, 1983–84)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451_(video_game)" title="Fahrenheit 451 (video game)">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Burning_Man_(The_Twilight_Zone)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Burning Man (The Twilight Zone)">The Burning Man</a>" (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Veldt_(film)" title="The Veldt (film)">The Veldt</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ray_Bradbury_Theater" title="The Ray Bradbury Theater">The Ray Bradbury Theater</a></i> (TV series, 1985–86, 1988-1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Halloween_Tree_(film)" title="The Halloween Tree (film)">The Halloween Tree</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dandelion_Wine_(film)" title="Dandelion Wine (film)">Dandelion Wine</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Ice_Cream_Suit" title="The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit">The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sound_of_Thunder_(film)" title="A Sound of Thunder (film)">A Sound of Thunder</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury%27s_Chrysalis" title="Ray Bradbury's Chrysalis">Ray Bradbury's Chrysalis</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Whispers_(TV_series)" title="The Whispers (TV series)">The Whispers</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451_(2018_film)" title="Fahrenheit 451 (2018 film)">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Futuria_Fantasia" title="Futuria Fantasia">Futuria Fantasia</a></i> (1939–1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mummies_of_Guanajuato" title="The Mummies of Guanajuato">The Mummies of Guanajuato</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zen_in_the_Art_of_Writing" title="Zen in the Art of Writing">Zen in the Art of Writing</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Came_from_Outer_Space_(book)" title="It Came from Outer Space (book)">It Came from Outer Space</a></i> (2003 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Montag" title="Guy Montag">Guy Montag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_F._Bradbury" title="Bettina F. Bradbury">Bettina F. Bradbury</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceship_Earth_(Epcot)" title="Spaceship Earth (Epcot)">Spaceship Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_Center" title="Ray Bradbury Center">Ray Bradbury Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradbury_Landing" title="Bradbury Landing">Bradbury Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_Award" title="Ray Bradbury Award">Ray Bradbury Award</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fuck_Me,_Ray_Bradbury" title="Fuck Me, Ray Bradbury">Fuck Me, Ray Bradbury</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandelion_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandelion (crater)">Dandelion crater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Ray_Bradbury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Ray_Bradbury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Ray Bradbury</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template:Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template talk:Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement">Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Belknap_Long" title="Frank Belknap Long">Frank Belknap Long</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1987)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Chetwynd-Hayes" title="Ronald Chetwynd-Hayes">Ronald Chetwynd-Hayes</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bloch" title="Robert Bloch">Robert Bloch</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_B._Cave" title="Hugh B. Cave">Hugh B. Cave</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Matheson" title="Richard Matheson">Richard Matheson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gahan_Wilson" title="Gahan Wilson">Gahan Wilson</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Russell" title="Ray Russell">Ray Russell</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Levin" title="Ira Levin">Ira Levin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forrest_J_Ackerman" title="Forrest J Ackerman">Forrest J Ackerman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Peter_Blatty" title="William Peter Blatty">William Peter Blatty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Williamson" title="Jack Williamson">Jack Williamson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Campbell" title="Ramsey Campbell">Ramsey Campbell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gorey" title="Edward Gorey">Edward Gorey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Grant" title="Charles L. Grant">Charles L. Grant</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Kneale" title="Nigel Kneale">Nigel Kneale</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Farris" title="John Farris">John Farris</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._N._Williamson" title="J. N. Williamson">J. N. Williamson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_H._Greenberg" title="Martin H. Greenberg">Martin H. Greenberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_Rice" title="Anne Rice">Anne Rice</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Straub" title="Peter Straub">Peter Straub</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Harris" title="Thomas Harris">Thomas Harris</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(author)" title="Robert Weinberg (author)">Robert Weinberg</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Paul_Wilson" title="F. Paul Wilson">F. Paul Wilson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Quinn_Yarbro" title="Chelsea Quinn Yarbro">Chelsea Quinn Yarbro</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lumley" title="Brian Lumley">Brian Lumley</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_F._Nolan" title="William F. Nolan">William F. Nolan</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Datlow" title="Ellen Datlow">Ellen Datlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al_Feldstein" title="Al Feldstein">Al Feldstein</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Hautala" title="Rick Hautala">Rick Hautala</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_R._Lansdale" title="Joe R. Lansdale">Joe R. Lansdale</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Barker" title="Clive Barker">Clive Barker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_McCammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert McCammon">Robert McCammon</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._L._Stine" title="R. L. Stine">R. L. Stine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(author)" title="Stephen Jones (author)">Stephen Jones</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ketchum" title="Jack Ketchum">Jack Ketchum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanith_Lee" title="Tanith Lee">Tanith Lee</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_A._Romero" title="George A. Romero">George A. Romero</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Etchison" title="Dennis Etchison">Dennis Etchison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Monteleone" title="Thomas F. Monteleone">Thomas F. Monteleone</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Addison_(poet)" title="Linda Addison (poet)">Linda Addison</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Masterton" title="Graham Masterton">Graham Masterton</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl_Goingback" title="Owl Goingback">Owl Goingback</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ligotti" title="Thomas Ligotti">Thomas Ligotti</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Clover" title="Carol J. Clover">Carol J. Clover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jewelle_Gomez" title="Jewelle Gomez">Jewelle Gomez</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marge_Simon" title="Marge Simon">Marge Simon</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercus_(publisher)" title="Quercus (publisher)">Jo Fletcher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Holder" title="Nancy Holder">Nancy Holder</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koji_Suzuki" title="Koji Suzuki">Koji Suzuki</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards_(SFWA_Grand_Masters)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards" title="Template:Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards" title="Template talk:Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards_(SFWA_Grand_Masters)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards</a> (SFWA Grand Masters)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Williamson" title="Jack Williamson">Jack Williamson</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Sprague_de_Camp" title="L. Sprague de Camp">L. Sprague de Camp</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton" title="Andre Norton">Andre Norton</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bester" title="Alfred Bester">Alfred Bester</a> (1988)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_del_Rey" title="Lester del Rey">Lester del Rey</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight" title="Damon Knight">Damon Knight</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt" title="A. E. van Vogt">A. E. van Vogt</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance" title="Jack Vance">Jack Vance</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement">Hal Clement</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Aldiss" title="Brian Aldiss">Brian Aldiss</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer" title="Philip José Farmer">Philip José Farmer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McCaffrey" title="Anne McCaffrey">Anne McCaffrey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Gunn_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (writer)">James Gunn</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harry Harrison</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Wolfe" title="Gene Wolfe">Gene Wolfe</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Yolen" title="Jane Yolen">Jane Yolen</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_S._Beagle" title="Peter S. Beagle">Peter S. Beagle</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalo_Hopkinson" title="Nalo Hopkinson">Nalo Hopkinson</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Lackey" title="Mercedes Lackey">Mercedes Lackey</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_McKinley" title="Robin McKinley">Robin McKinley</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Novel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template talk:Hugo Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Novel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Hugo Award for Best Novel">Best Novel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone_(novel)" title="The Sword in the Stone (novel)">The Sword in the Stone</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/T._H._White" title="T. H. White">T. H. White</a> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slan" title="Slan">Slan</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt" title="A. E. van Vogt">A. E. van Vogt</a> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_This_Horizon" title="Beyond This Horizon">Beyond This Horizon</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Anson MacDonald</a> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conjure_Wife" title="Conjure Wife">Conjure Wife</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Over_Mars" title="Shadow Over Mars">Shadow Over Mars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Brackett" title="Leigh Brackett">Leigh Brackett</a> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Empire" title="Foundation and Empire">The Mule</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farmer_in_the_Sky" title="Farmer in the Sky">Farmer in the Sky</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> (1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Demolished_Man" title="The Demolished Man">The Demolished Man</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bester" title="Alfred Bester">Alfred Bester</a> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They%27d_Rather_Be_Right" title="They'd Rather Be Right">They'd Rather Be Right</a></i> (aka: The Forever Machine) by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Clifton" title="Mark Clifton">Mark Clifton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Riley_(author)" title="Frank Riley (author)">Frank Riley</a> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Double_Star" title="Double Star">Double Star</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Time_(novel)" title="The Big Time (novel)">The Big Time</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Case_of_Conscience" title="A Case of Conscience">A Case of Conscience</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Blish" title="James Blish">James Blish</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Starship_Troopers" title="Starship Troopers">Starship Troopers</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Canticle_for_Leibowitz" title="A Canticle for Leibowitz">A Canticle for Leibowitz</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Walter_M._Miller,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Walter M. Miller, Jr.">Walter M. Miller, Jr.</a> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land" title="Stranger in a Strange Land">Stranger in a Strange Land</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_High_Castle" title="The Man in the High Castle">The Man in the High Castle</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Way_Station_(novel)" title="Way Station (novel)">Here Gather the Stars</a></i> (aka: <i>Way Station</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wanderer_(Leiber_novel)" title="The Wanderer (Leiber novel)">The Wanderer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dune_(novel)" title="Dune (novel)">Dune</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Herbert" title="Frank Herbert">Frank Herbert</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/This_Immortal" title="This Immortal">...And Call Me Conrad</a></i> (aka: <i>This Immortal</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_Is_a_Harsh_Mistress" title="The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress">The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Light" title="Lord of Light">Lord of Light</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stand_on_Zanzibar" title="Stand on Zanzibar">Stand on Zanzibar</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Brunner_(author)" title="John Brunner (author)">John Brunner</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Left_Hand_of_Darkness" title="The Left Hand of Darkness">The Left Hand of Darkness</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ringworld" title="Ringworld">Ringworld</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Your_Scattered_Bodies_Go" title="To Your Scattered Bodies Go">To Your Scattered Bodies Go</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer" title="Philip José Farmer">Philip José Farmer</a> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama" title="Rendezvous with Rama">Rendezvous with Rama</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispossessed" title="The Dispossessed">The Dispossessed</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forever_War" title="The Forever War">The Forever War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Where_Late_the_Sweet_Birds_Sang" title="Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang">Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kate_Wilhelm" title="Kate Wilhelm">Kate Wilhelm</a> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gateway_(novel)" title="Gateway (novel)">Gateway</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreamsnake" title="Dreamsnake">Dreamsnake</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vonda_N._McIntyre" title="Vonda N. McIntyre">Vonda N. McIntyre</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountains_of_Paradise" title="The Fountains of Paradise">The Fountains of Paradise</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen_(Vinge_novel)" title="The Snow Queen (Vinge novel)">The Snow Queen</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joan_D._Vinge" title="Joan D. Vinge">Joan D. Vinge</a> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Downbelow_Station" title="Downbelow Station">Downbelow Station</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Startide_Rising" title="Startide Rising">Startide Rising</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ender%27s_Game" title="Ender's Game">Ender's Game</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speaker_for_the_Dead" title="Speaker for the Dead">Speaker for the Dead</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Uplift_War" title="The Uplift War">The Uplift War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyteen" title="Cyteen">Cyteen</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Simmons_novel)" title="Hyperion (Simmons novel)">Hyperion</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vor_Game" title="The Vor Game">The Vor Game</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barrayar" title="Barrayar">Barrayar</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fire_Upon_the_Deep" title="A Fire Upon the Deep">A Fire Upon the Deep</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Book_(novel)" title="Doomsday Book (novel)">Doomsday Book</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Green Mars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirror_Dance" title="Mirror Dance">Mirror Dance</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Age" title="The Diamond Age">The Diamond Age</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Blue Mars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forever_Peace" title="Forever Peace">Forever Peace</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Say_Nothing_of_the_Dog" title="To Say Nothing of the Dog">To Say Nothing of the Dog</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Deepness_in_the_Sky" title="A Deepness in the Sky">A Deepness in the Sky</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Goblet_of_Fire" title="Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire">Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Gods" title="American Gods">American Gods</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Neanderthal_Parallax" title="The Neanderthal Parallax">Hominids</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Sawyer" title="Robert J. Sawyer">Robert J. Sawyer</a> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paladin_of_Souls" title="Paladin of Souls">Paladin of Souls</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Strange_%26_Mr_Norrell" title="Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell">Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Susanna_Clarke" title="Susanna Clarke">Susanna Clarke</a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spin_(novel)" title="Spin (novel)">Spin</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Wilson" title="Robert Charles Wilson">Robert Charles Wilson</a> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rainbows_End_(Vinge_novel)" title="Rainbows End (Vinge novel)">Rainbows End</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yiddish_Policemen%27s_Union" title="The Yiddish Policemen's Union">The Yiddish Policemen's Union</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Graveyard_Book" title="The Graveyard Book">The Graveyard Book</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Windup_Girl" title="The Windup Girl">The Windup Girl</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Bacigalupi" title="Paolo Bacigalupi">Paolo Bacigalupi</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_City_%26_the_City" title="The City & the City">The City & the City</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/China_Mi%C3%A9ville" title="China Miéville">China Miéville</a> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blackout/All_Clear" title="Blackout/All Clear">Blackout/All Clear</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Among_Others" title="Among Others">Among Others</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jo_Walton" title="Jo Walton">Jo Walton</a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Redshirts_(novel)" title="Redshirts (novel)">Redshirts</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Scalzi" title="John Scalzi">John Scalzi</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_Justice" title="Ancillary Justice">Ancillary Justice</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Leckie" title="Ann Leckie">Ann Leckie</a> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Three-Body_Problem_(novel)" title="The Three-Body Problem (novel)">The Three-Body Problem</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Cixin_Liu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cixin Liu">Cixin Liu</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Liu" title="Ken Liu">Ken Liu</a> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Season_(novel)" title="The Fifth Season (novel)">The Fifth Season</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/N._K._Jemisin" title="N. K. Jemisin">N. K. Jemisin</a> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Obelisk_Gate" title="The Obelisk Gate">The Obelisk Gate</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/N._K._Jemisin" title="N. K. Jemisin">N. K. Jemisin</a> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Sky" title="The Stone Sky">The Stone Sky</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/N._K._Jemisin" title="N. K. Jemisin">N. K. Jemisin</a> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Calculating_Stars" title="The Calculating Stars">The Calculating Stars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinette_Kowal" title="Mary Robinette Kowal">Mary Robinette Kowal</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Memory_Called_Empire" title="A Memory Called Empire">A Memory Called Empire</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Martine" title="Arkady Martine">Arkady Martine</a> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Network_Effect_(novel)" title="Network Effect (novel)">Network Effect</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wells" title="Martha Wells">Martha Wells</a> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Desolation_Called_Peace" title="A Desolation Called Peace">A Desolation Called Peace</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Martine" title="Arkady Martine">Arkady Martine</a> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nettle_%26_Bone" title="Nettle & Bone">Nettle & Bone</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Vernon" title="Ursula Vernon">T. Kingfisher</a> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Some_Desperate_Glory_(novel)" title="Some Desperate Glory (novel)">Some Desperate Glory</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Emily_Tesh" title="Emily Tesh">Emily Tesh</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template talk:Hugo Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Hugo Award for Best Short Story">Best Short Story</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Retro_Hugos" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story#Retro_Hugos" title="Hugo Award for Best Short Story">Retro Hugos</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/How_We_Went_to_Mars" title="How We Went to Mars">How We Went to Mars</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1939)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Robbie_(short_story)" title="Robbie (short story)">Robbie</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> (1941)</li> <li>"The Twonky" by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Padgett" title="Lewis Padgett">Lewis Padgett</a> (1943)</li> <li>"King of the Gray Spaces" <small>or: "R is for Rocket"</small> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I,_Rocket" title="I, Rocket">I, Rocket</a>" by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> (1945)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uncommon_Sense" title="Uncommon Sense">Uncommon Sense</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement">Hal Clement</a> (1946)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Serve_Man_(short_story)" title="To Serve Man (short story)">To Serve Man</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight" title="Damon Knight">Damon Knight</a> (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Nine_Billion_Names_of_God" title="The Nine Billion Names of God">The Nine Billion Names of God</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1955–1960" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1955–1960</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Allamagoosa" title="Allamagoosa">Allamagoosa</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Frank_Russell" title="Eric Frank Russell">Eric Frank Russell</a> (1955)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Clarke_short_story)" title="The Star (Clarke short story)">The Star</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1956)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Or_All_the_Seas_with_Oysters" title="Or All the Seas with Oysters">Or All the Seas with Oysters</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Avram_Davidson" title="Avram Davidson">Avram Davidson</a> (1958)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_Hell-Bound_Train" title="That Hell-Bound Train">That Hell-Bound Train</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bloch" title="Robert Bloch">Robert Bloch</a> (1959)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_for_Algernon" title="Flowers for Algernon">Flowers for Algernon</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Keyes" title="Daniel Keyes">Daniel Keyes</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1961–1980" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1961–1980</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Longest_Voyage" title="The Longest Voyage">The Longest Voyage</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hothouse_(novel)" title="Hothouse (novel)">Hothouse</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Aldiss" title="Brian Aldiss">Brian W. Aldiss</a> (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Dragon_Masters" title="The Dragon Masters">The Dragon Masters</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance" title="Jack Vance">Jack Vance</a> (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Truce_with_Kings" title="No Truce with Kings">No Truce with Kings</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soldier,_Ask_Not" title="Soldier, Ask Not">Soldier, Ask Not</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._Dickson" title="Gordon R. Dickson">Gordon R. Dickson</a> (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/%22Repent,_Harlequin!%22_Said_the_Ticktockman" title=""Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman">"Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_(short_story)" title="Neutron Star (short story)">Neutron Star</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_No_Mouth,_and_I_Must_Scream" title="I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream">I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Beast_that_Shouted_Love_at_the_Heart_of_the_World_(short_story)" title="The Beast that Shouted Love at the Heart of the World (short story)">The Beast that Shouted Love at the Heart of the World</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Time_Considered_as_a_Helix_of_Semi-Precious_Stones" title="Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones">Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slow_Sculpture" title="Slow Sculpture">Slow Sculpture</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon" title="Theodore Sturgeon">Theodore Sturgeon</a> (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Inconstant_Moon" title="Inconstant Moon">Inconstant Moon</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Eurema%27s_Dam" title="Eurema's Dam">Eurema's Dam</a>" by <a href="/wiki/R._A._Lafferty" title="R. A. Lafferty">R. A. Lafferty</a> / "<a href="/wiki/The_Meeting_(short_story)" title="The Meeting (short story)">The Meeting</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyril_M._Kornbluth" title="Cyril M. Kornbluth">C. M. Kornbluth</a> (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ones_Who_Walk_Away_from_Omelas" title="The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas">The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hole_Man" title="The Hole Man">The Hole Man</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1975)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Catch_That_Zeppelin!" title="Catch That Zeppelin!">Catch That Zeppelin!</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1976)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tricentennial_(short_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tricentennial (short story) (page does not exist)">Tricentennial</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jeffty_Is_Five" title="Jeffty Is Five">Jeffty Is Five</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1978)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cassandra_(short_story)" title="Cassandra (short story)">Cassandra</a>" by <a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (1979)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_of_Cross_and_Dragon" title="The Way of Cross and Dragon">The Way of Cross and Dragon</a>" by <a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1981–2000" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1981–2000</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Grotto_of_the_Dancing_Deer" title="Grotto of the Dancing Deer">Grotto of the Dancing Deer</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Pusher_(short_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Pusher (short story) (page does not exist)">The Pusher</a>" by <a href="/wiki/John_Varley_(author)" title="John Varley (author)">John Varley</a> (1982)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Melancholy_Elephants" title="Melancholy Elephants">Melancholy Elephants</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Spider_Robinson" title="Spider Robinson">Spider Robinson</a> (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Speech_Sounds" title="Speech Sounds">Speech Sounds</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Spheres" title="The Crystal Spheres">The Crystal Spheres</a>" by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fermi_and_Frost" title="Fermi and Frost">Fermi and Frost</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hackers_(anthology)#.22Tangents.22" title="Hackers (anthology)">Tangents</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Why_I_Left_Harry%27s_All-Night_Hamburgers" title="Why I Left Harry's All-Night Hamburgers">Why I Left Harry's All-Night Hamburgers</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Watt-Evans" title="Lawrence Watt-Evans">Lawrence Watt-Evans</a> (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kirinyaga_(short_story)" title="Kirinyaga (short story)">Kirinyaga</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Resnick" title="Mike Resnick">Mike Resnick</a> (1989)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boobs_(short_story)" title="Boobs (short story)">Boobs</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Suzy_McKee_Charnas" title="Suzy McKee Charnas">Suzy McKee Charnas</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bears_Discover_Fire" title="Bears Discover Fire">Bears Discover Fire</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Bisson" title="Terry Bisson">Terry Bisson</a> (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Walk_in_the_Sun_(short_story)" title="A Walk in the Sun (short story)">A Walk in the Sun</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_A._Landis" title="Geoffrey A. Landis">Geoffrey A. Landis</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Even_the_Queen" title="Even the Queen">Even the Queen</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Death_on_the_Nile_(short_story)" class="mw-redirect" title="Death on the Nile (short story)">Death on the Nile</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/None_So_Blind" title="None So Blind">None So Blind</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Lincoln_Train" title="The Lincoln Train">The Lincoln Train</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Maureen_F._McHugh" title="Maureen F. McHugh">Maureen F. McHugh</a> (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Soul_Selects_Her_Own_Society" title="The Soul Selects Her Own Society">The Soul Selects Her Own Society</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_43_Antarean_Dynasties" title="The 43 Antarean Dynasties">The 43 Antarean Dynasties</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Resnick" title="Mike Resnick">Mike Resnick</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Very_Pulse_of_the_Machine" title="The Very Pulse of the Machine">The Very Pulse of the Machine</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swanwick" title="Michael Swanwick">Michael Swanwick</a> (1999)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Scherzo_with_Tyrannosaur" title="Scherzo with Tyrannosaur">Scherzo with Tyrannosaur</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swanwick" title="Michael Swanwick">Michael Swanwick</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2001–2020" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2001–2020</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Different Kinds of Darkness" by <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">David Langford</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Dog_Said_Bow-Wow" title="The Dog Said Bow-Wow">The Dog Said Bow-Wow</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swanwick" title="Michael Swanwick">Michael Swanwick</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Falling_onto_Mars" title="Falling onto Mars">Falling onto Mars</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_A._Landis" title="Geoffrey A. Landis">Geoffrey A. Landis</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Emerald" title="A Study in Emerald">A Study in Emerald</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Travels_with_My_Cats" title="Travels with My Cats">Travels with My Cats</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Resnick" title="Mike Resnick">Mike Resnick</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tk%27tk%27tk" title="Tk'tk'tk">Tk'tk'tk</a>" by <a href="/wiki/David_D._Levine" title="David D. Levine">David D. Levine</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Impossible_Dreams" title="Impossible Dreams">Impossible Dreams</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Pratt" title="Tim Pratt">Tim Pratt</a> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tideline_(short_story)" title="Tideline (short story)">Tideline</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bear" title="Elizabeth Bear">Elizabeth Bear</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Exhalation_(short_story)" title="Exhalation (short story)">Exhalation</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Chiang" title="Ted Chiang">Ted Chiang</a> (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bridesicle" title="Bridesicle">Bridesicle</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Will_McIntosh" title="Will McIntosh">Will McIntosh</a> (2010)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Want_of_a_Nail_(short_story)" title="For Want of a Nail (short story)">For Want of a Nail</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinette_Kowal" title="Mary Robinette Kowal">Mary Robinette Kowal</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Paper_Menagerie" title="The Paper Menagerie">The Paper Menagerie</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Liu" title="Ken Liu">Ken Liu</a> (2012)</li> <li>"Mono no aware" by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Liu" title="Ken Liu">Ken Liu</a> (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Water_That_Falls_on_You_from_Nowhere" title="The Water That Falls on You from Nowhere">The Water That Falls on You from Nowhere</a>" by <a href="/wiki/John_Chu" title="John Chu">John Chu</a> (2014)</li> <li><no award> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cat_Pictures_Please" title="Cat Pictures Please">Cat Pictures Please</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Kritzer" title="Naomi Kritzer">Naomi Kritzer</a> (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Seasons_of_Glass_and_Iron" title="Seasons of Glass and Iron">Seasons of Glass and Iron</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Amal_El-Mohtar" title="Amal El-Mohtar">Amal El-Mohtar</a> (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Your_Authentic_Indian_Experience%E2%84%A2" title="Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience™">Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience™</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Roanhorse" title="Rebecca Roanhorse">Rebecca Roanhorse</a> (2018)</li> <li>"A Witch’s Guide to Escape: A Practical Compendium of Portal Fantasies" by <a href="/wiki/Alix_E._Harrow" title="Alix E. Harrow">Alix E. Harrow</a> (2019)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/As_the_Last_I_May_Know" title="As the Last I May Know">As the Last I May Know</a>" by <a href="/wiki/S._L._Huang" title="S. L. Huang">S. L. Huang</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2021–present" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2021–present</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Metal Like Blood in the Dark" by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Vernon" title="Ursula Vernon">T. Kingfisher</a> (2021)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_Oaken_Hearts_Do_Gather" title="Where Oaken Hearts Do Gather">Where Oaken Hearts Do Gather</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Pinsker" title="Sarah Pinsker">Sarah Pinsker</a> (2022)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Test_(short_story)" title="Rabbit Test (short story)">Rabbit Test</a>" by Samantha Mills (2023)</li> <li>"Better Living Through Algorithms" by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Kritzer" title="Naomi Kritzer">Naomi Kritzer</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Hugo Award for Best Short Story">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Retro_Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template:Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story">Retro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_1955%E2%80%931960" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 1955–1960">1955–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_1961%E2%80%931980" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 1961–1980">1961–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_1981%E2%80%932000" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 1981–2000">1981–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_2001%E2%80%932020" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 2001–2020">2001–2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_2021%E2%80%932040" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 2021–2040">2021–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inkpot_Award_(1970s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template talk:Inkpot Award 1970s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot Award 1970s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inkpot_Award_(1970s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> (1970s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_J._Ackerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Forrest J. Ackerman">Forrest J. Ackerman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Alyn" title="Kirk Alyn">Kirk Alyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Clampett" title="Bob Clampett">Bob Clampett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Foray" title="June Foray">June Foray</a></li> <li>Eric Hoffman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_R._Lund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William R. Lund (page does not exist)">William R. "Bill" Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Manning" title="Russ Manning">Russ Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Myers" title="Russell Myers">Russell Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schulz" title="Charles M. Schulz">Charles M. Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Seuling" title="Phil Seuling">Phil Seuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjo_Trimble" title="Bjo Trimble">Bjo Trimble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Alfonso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Alfonso (page does not exist)">Barry Alfonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Anderson_(cartoonist)" title="Brad Anderson (cartoonist)">Brad Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bloch" title="Robert Bloch">Robert Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Bod%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaughn Bodé">Vaughn Bodé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs" title="Edgar Rice Burroughs">Edgar Rice Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daws_Butler" title="Daws Butler">Daws Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Butner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Butner (page does not exist)">Richard Butner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shel_Dorf" title="Shel Dorf">Shel Dorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Mark Evanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Light_(comics)" title="Alan Light (comics)">Alan Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Moores" title="Dick Moores">Dick Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Serling" title="Rod Serling">Rod Serling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Shuster" title="Joe Shuster">Joe Shuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Siegel" title="Jerry Siegel">Jerry Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Windsor-Smith" title="Barry Windsor-Smith">Barry Windsor-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Starlin" title="Jim Starlin">Jim Starlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Steranko" title="Jim Steranko">Jim Steranko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon" title="Theodore Sturgeon">Theodore Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Vincent" title="Larry Vincent">Larry Vincent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Adams" title="Neal Adams">Neal Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Sergio Aragonés">Sergio Aragonés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Blanc" title="Mel Blanc">Mel Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Brunner" title="Frank Brunner">Frank Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Griffin" title="Rick Griffin">Rick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hart" title="Johnny Hart">Johnny Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clayton_Johnson" title="George Clayton Johnson">George Clayton Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicky_Kelso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicky Kelso (page does not exist)">Vicky Kelso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mel Lazarus">Mel Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Mayer" title="Sheldon Mayer">Sheldon Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Messick" title="Dale Messick">Dale Messick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Ni%C3%B1o" title="Alex Niño">Alex Niño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Rico" title="Don Rico">Don Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Thompson_(Comics_Buyer%27s_Guide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Thompson (Comics Buyer's Guide)">Don Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Thompson" title="Maggie Thompson">Maggie Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1977</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Alcala" title="Alfredo Alcala">Alfredo Alcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Barks" title="Carl Barks">Carl Barks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._C._Beck" title="C. C. Beck">C. C. Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Chaykin" title="Howard Chaykin">Howard Chaykin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Dent" title="Lester Dent">Lester Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Estrada" title="Jackie Estrada">Jackie Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Foster" title="Hal Foster">Hal Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_B._Gibson" title="Walter B. Gibson">Walter "The Shadow" Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Harmon" title="Jim Harmon">Jim Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene Henderson (page does not exist)">Gene Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kaluta" title="Michael Kaluta">Michael Kaluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kubert" title="Joe Kubert">Joe Kubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lynde" title="Stan Lynde">Stan Lynde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Preiss" title="Byron Preiss">Byron Preiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trina_Robbins" title="Trina Robbins">Trina Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Ralph_Ross" title="Stanley Ralph Ross">Stanley Ralph Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Scott_(voice_actor)" title="Bill Scott (voice actor)">Bill Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scroggy" title="David Scroggy">David Scroggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ward" title="Jay Ward">Jay Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Wein" title="Len Wein">Len Wein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1978</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Buscema" title="John Buscema">John Buscema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Capp" title="Al Capp">Al Capp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Colan" title="Gene Colan">Gene Colan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Fox" title="Gill Fox">Gill Fox</a></li> <li>Tom French</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gerber" title="Steve Gerber">Steve Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Gould" title="Chester Gould">Chester Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burne_Hogarth" title="Burne Hogarth">Burne Hogarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Krueger" title="Ken Krueger">Ken Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernie_Lansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernie Lansky (page does not exist)">Bernie Lansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Morrow" title="Gray Morrow">Gray Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Nash" title="Clarence Nash">Clarence Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_Natwick" title="Grim Natwick">Grim Natwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rotsler" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Rotsler">Bill Rotsler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Royer_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Royer (comics)">Mike Royer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shelton" title="Gilbert Shelton">Gilbert Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Sheridan_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Sheridan (artist)">Dave Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Stout" title="Bill Stout">Bill Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thorne" title="Frank Thorne">Frank Thorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vallejo" title="Boris Vallejo">Boris Vallejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Weisinger" title="Mort Weisinger">Mort Weisinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Woggon" title="Elmer Woggon">Elmer Woggon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Craig Anderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Englehart" title="Steve Englehart">Steve Englehart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Enzenbacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Enzenbacher (page does not exist)">Dale Enzenbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Freas" title="Kelly Freas">Kelly Freas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_French&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia French (page does not exist)">Virginia French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_Hazelton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene Hazelton (page does not exist)">Gene Hazelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Macek" title="Carl Macek">Carl Macek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Moscoso" title="Victor Moscoso">Victor Moscoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_O%27Neill" title="Dan O'Neill">Dan O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Partch" title="Virgil Partch">Virgil Partch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Redondo" title="Nestor Redondo">Nestor Redondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rogers" title="Marshall Rogers">Marshall Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr.">John Romita Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Spicer" title="Bill Spicer">Bill Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Walker" title="Mort Walker">Mort Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marv_Wolfman" title="Marv Wolfman">Marv Wolfman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2000s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2010s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(2000s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(2000s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (2000s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Close" title="Chuck Close">Chuck Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Manilow" title="Lewis Manilow">Lewis Manilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, cultural programming division</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claes_Oldenburg" title="Claes Oldenburg">Claes Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey_American_Dance_Theater" title="Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater">Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler" title="Helen Frankenthaler">Helen Frankenthaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Jamison" title="Judith Jamison">Judith Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Knoll_Bassett" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Knoll Bassett">Florence Knoll Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisha_Brown" title="Trisha Brown">Trisha Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Montebello" title="Philippe de Montebello">Philippe de Montebello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Halprin" title="Lawrence Halprin">Lawrence Halprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">William "Smokey" Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Cleary" title="Beverly Cleary">Beverly Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafe_Esquith" title="Rafe Esquith">Rafe Esquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Farrell" title="Suzanne Farrell">Suzanne Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_Choir" title="Tabernacle Choir">Tabernacle Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Slatkin" title="Leonard Slatkin">Leonard Slatkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Floyd" title="Carlisle Floyd">Carlisle Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hart_(sculptor)" title="Frederick Hart (sculptor)">Frederick Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hecht" title="Anthony Hecht">Anthony Hecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruthven_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ruthven (artist)">John Ruthven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Scully" title="Vincent Scully">Vincent Scully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twyla_Tharp" title="Twyla Tharp">Twyla Tharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auchincloss" title="Louis Auchincloss">Louis Auchincloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_DePreist" title="James DePreist">James DePreist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paquito_D%27Rivera" title="Paquito D'Rivera">Paquito D'Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Garment" title="Leonard Garment">Leonard Garment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Johnston" title="Ollie Johnston">Ollie Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Ramirez" title="Tina Ramirez">Tina Ramirez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bolcom" title="William Bolcom">William Bolcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyd_Charisse" title="Cyd Charisse">Cyd Charisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_DeCarava" title="Roy DeCarava">Roy DeCarava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Interlochen Center for the Arts">Interlochen Center for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Kunzel" title="Erich Kunzel">Erich Kunzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Hall_Jazz_Band" title="Preservation Hall Jazz Band">Preservation Hall Jazz Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Rabassa" title="Gregory Rabassa">Gregory Rabassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Schreckengost" title="Viktor Schreckengost">Viktor Schreckengost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Stanley" title="Ralph Stanley">Ralph Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morten_Lauridsen" title="Morten Lauridsen">Morten Lauridsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Noel" title="Craig Noel">Craig Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Neuberger" title="Roy Neuberger">Roy Neuberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Z._Steinway" title="Henry Z. Steinway">Henry Z. Steinway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tooker" title="George Tooker">George Tooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton_Jazz_Festival" title="Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival">Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyeth" title="Andrew Wyeth">Andrew Wyeth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Moroles" title="Jesús Moroles">Jesús Moroles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford's Theatre">Ford's Theatre Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisk_Jubilee_Singers" title="Fisk Jubilee Singers">Fisk Jubilee Singers</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Fisk_University" title="Fisk University">Fisk University</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lim%C3%B3n" title="José Limón">José Limón Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Presser_Company" title="Theodore Presser Company">The Presser Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Glaser" title="Milton Glaser">Milton Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Riley_Jr." title="Joseph P. Riley Jr.">Joseph P. Riley Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stella" title="Frank Stella">Frank Stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Oberlin Conservatory of Music">Oberlin Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_American_Ballet" title="School of American Ballet">School of American Ballet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Template:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_I._Cobb" title="Frank I. Cobb">Frank I. Cobb</a>* (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Dapping" title="William O. Dapping">William O. Dapping</a> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Journal" title="Edmonton Journal">Edmonton Journal</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Price" title="Byron Price">Byron Price</a> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Leo_Sulzberger_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Leo Sulzberger II">Cyrus L. Sulzberger</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Krock" title="Arthur Krock">Arthur Krock</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kase" title="Max Kase">Max Kase</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star" title="The Kansas City Star">The Kansas City Star</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gannett_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett Company">Gannett Newspapers</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lee_Strout" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Lee Strout">Richard Lee Strout</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Caen" title="Herb Caen">Herb Caen</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette" title="Capital Gazette">Capital Gazette</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a> (2020, posthumous)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Love Songs</i> by <a href="/wiki/Sara_Teasdale" title="Sara Teasdale">Sara Teasdale</a> (1918)</li> <li><i>Corn Huskers</i> by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>/<i>Old Road to Paradise</i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Widdemer" title="Margaret Widdemer">Margaret Widdemer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Roberts_(author)" title="Kenneth Roberts (author)">Kenneth Roberts</a> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Defeat_of_the_Spanish_Armada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Defeat of the Spanish Armada">The Defeat of the Spanish Armada</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Mattingly" title="Garrett Mattingly">Garrett Mattingly</a> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Heritage_Picture_History_of_the_Civil_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War (page does not exist)">American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i>George Washington, Vols. I-IV</i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Flexner" title="James Thomas Flexner">James Thomas Flexner</a> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots:_The_Saga_of_an_American_Family" title="Roots: The Saga of an American Family">Roots</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Haley" title="Alex Haley">Alex Haley</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.B._White" class="mw-redirect" title="E.B. White">E.B. White</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Theodor Seuss Geisel</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_S._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund S. Morgan">Edmund S. Morgan</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>. A special award for <i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma (musical)">Oklahoma!</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sessions" title="Roger Sessions">Roger Sessions</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a> (2006)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_White" title="William Allen White">William Allen White</a>* (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism">Graduate School of Journalism</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_D._Fackenthal" title="Frank D. Fackenthal">Frank D. Fackenthal</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hohenberg" title="John Hohenberg">John Hohenberg</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.">Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* indicates award given to widow in year after his death</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Writing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Writing" title="Template:Saturn Award for Best Writing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Writing" title="Template talk:Saturn Award for Best Writing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Writing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn Award for Best Writing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Writing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Writing" title="Saturn Award for Best Writing">Saturn Award for Best Writing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Peter_Blatty" title="William Peter Blatty">William Peter Blatty</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ib_Melchior" title="Ib Melchior">Ib Melchior</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1974/75)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Sangster" title="Jimmy Sangster">Jimmy Sangster</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Meyer" title="Nicholas Meyer">Nicholas Meyer</a> (1979)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Peter_Blatty" title="William Peter Blatty">William Peter Blatty</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Mathison" title="Melissa Mathison">Melissa Mathison</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gale_Anne_Hurd" title="Gale Anne Hurd">Gale Anne Hurd</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Holland_(filmmaker)" title="Tom Holland (filmmaker)">Tom Holland</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Michael Miner and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Neumeier" title="Edward Neumeier">Edward Neumeier</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Ross" title="Gary Ross">Gary Ross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Spielberg" title="Anne Spielberg">Anne Spielberg</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Peter_Blatty" title="William Peter Blatty">William Peter Blatty</a> (1989/90)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Tally" title="Ted Tally">Ted Tally</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_V._Hart" title="James V. Hart">James V. Hart</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Koepp" title="David Koepp">David Koepp</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Harrison" title="Jim Harrison">Jim Harrison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Strick" title="Wesley Strick">Wesley Strick</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kevin_Walker" title="Andrew Kevin Walker">Andrew Kevin Walker</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Williamson_(screenwriter)" title="Kevin Williamson (screenwriter)">Kevin Williamson</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Werb" title="Mike Werb">Mike Werb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Colleary" title="Michael Colleary">Michael Colleary</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Niccol" title="Andrew Niccol">Andrew Niccol</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie Kaufman</a> (1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Hayter" title="David Hayter">David Hayter</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Frank" title="Scott Frank">Scott Frank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Cohen_(writer)" title="Jon Cohen (writer)">Jon Cohen</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Boyens" title="Philippa Boyens">Philippa Boyens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Sargent" title="Alvin Sargent">Alvin Sargent</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_S._Goyer" title="David S. Goyer">David S. Goyer</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dougherty" title="Michael Dougherty">Michael Dougherty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Harris_(screenwriter)" title="Dan Harris (screenwriter)">Dan Harris</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brad_Bird" title="Brad Bird">Brad Bird</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Nolan" title="Jonathan Nolan">Jonathan Nolan</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (2009)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Nichols" title="Jeff Nichols">Jeff Nichols</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Nolan" title="Jonathan Nolan">Jonathan Nolan</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._J._Abrams" title="J. J. Abrams">J. J. Abrams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Arndt" title="Michael Arndt">Michael Arndt</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Heisserer" title="Eric Heisserer">Eric Heisserer</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rian_Johnson" title="Rian Johnson">Rian Johnson</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Beck_and_Bryan_Woods" title="Scott Beck and Bryan Woods">Bryan Woods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Beck_and_Bryan_Woods" title="Scott Beck and Bryan Woods">Scott Beck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Krasinski" title="John Krasinski">John Krasinski</a> (2018/19)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2019/20)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> and Kim Morgan (2021/22)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Jaffa_and_Amanda_Silver" title="Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver">Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver</a> (2022/23)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Pal_Memorial_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="Template:The George Pal Memorial Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="Template talk:The George Pal Memorial Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The George Pal Memorial Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Pal_Memorial_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="The George Pal Memorial Award">George Pal Memorial Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">C. Dean Anderson (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Don Fanzo (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fay_Wray" title="Fay Wray">Fay Wray</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Badham" title="John Badham">John Badham</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Meyer" title="Nicholas Meyer">Nicholas Meyer</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Trumbull" title="Douglas Trumbull">Douglas Trumbull</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Band" title="Charles Band">Charles Band</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leibovit" title="Arnold Leibovit">Arnold Leibovit</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Cohen" title="Larry Cohen">Larry Cohen</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Marshall_(filmmaker)" title="Frank Marshall (filmmaker)">Frank Marshall</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wah_Chang" title="Wah Chang">Wah Chang</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Warren" title="Gene Warren">Gene Warren</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(film_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Kennedy (film producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Devlin" title="Dean Devlin">Dean Devlin</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wick" title="Douglas Wick">Douglas Wick</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Raimi" title="Sam Raimi">Sam Raimi</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Z._Arkoff" title="Samuel Z. Arkoff">Samuel Z. Arkoff</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen" title="Ray Harryhausen">Ray Harryhausen</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kurtzman" title="Alex Kurtzman">Alex Kurtzman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Orci" title="Roberto Orci">Roberto Orci</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Nicotero" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Nicotero">Gregory Nicotero</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kinberg" title="Simon Kinberg">Simon Kinberg</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Filoni" title="Dave Filoni">Dave Filoni</a> (2022/2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Fantasy_Award—Life_Achievement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Fantasy_Award_Life_Achievement" title="Template:World Fantasy Award Life Achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Fantasy_Award_Life_Achievement" title="Template talk:World Fantasy Award Life Achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Fantasy_Award_Life_Achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Fantasy Award Life Achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Fantasy_Award—Life_Achievement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy Award</a>—<a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award%E2%80%94Life_Achievement" title="World Fantasy Award—Life Achievement">Life Achievement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bloch" title="Robert Bloch">Robert Bloch</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Belknap_Long" title="Frank Belknap Long">Frank Belknap Long</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manly_Wade_Wellman" title="Manly Wade Wellman">Manly Wade Wellman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._Moore" title="C. L. Moore">C. L. Moore</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Calvino" title="Italo Calvino">Italo Calvino</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Dahl" title="Roald Dahl">Roald Dahl</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Sprague_de_Camp" title="L. Sprague de Camp">L. Sprague de Camp</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Matheson" title="Richard Matheson">Richard Matheson</a> / <a href="/wiki/E._Hoffmann_Price" title="E. Hoffmann Price">E. Hoffmann Price</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance" title="Jack Vance">Jack Vance</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Wandrei" title="Donald Wandrei">Donald Wandrei</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon" title="Theodore Sturgeon">Theodore Sturgeon</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avram_Davidson" title="Avram Davidson">Avram Davidson</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Finney" title="Jack Finney">Jack Finney</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Everett F. Bleiler</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeline_Walton" title="Evangeline Walton">Evangeline Walton</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._A._Lafferty" title="R. A. Lafferty">R. A. Lafferty</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Russell" title="Ray Russell">Ray Russell</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edd_Cartier" title="Edd Cartier">Edd Cartier</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Williamson" title="Jack Williamson">Jack Williamson</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Wolfe" title="Gene Wolfe">Gene Wolfe</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_L%27Engle" title="Madeleine L'Engle">Madeleine L'Engle</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Ferman" title="Edward L. Ferman">Edward L. Ferman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton" title="Andre Norton">Andre Norton</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_B._Cave" title="Hugh B. Cave">Hugh B. Cave</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Zimmer_Bradley" title="Marion Zimmer Bradley">Marion Zimmer Bradley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Frazetta" title="Frank Frazetta">Frank Frazetta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer" title="Philip José Farmer">Philip José Farmer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_J_Ackerman" title="Forrest J Ackerman">Forrest J Ackerman</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_H._Scithers" title="George H. Scithers">George H. Scithers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Alexander" title="Lloyd Alexander">Lloyd Alexander</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Grant" title="Donald M. Grant">Donald M. Grant</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gahan_Wilson" title="Gahan Wilson">Gahan Wilson</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Doherty" title="Tom Doherty">Tom Doherty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Emshwiller" title="Carol Emshwiller">Carol Emshwiller</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowley_(author)" title="John Crowley (author)">John Crowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fabian" title="Stephen Fabian">Stephen Fabian</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ballantine" title="Betty Ballantine">Betty Ballantine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diana_Wynne_Jones" title="Diana Wynne Jones">Diana Wynne Jones</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_and_Diane_Dillon" title="Leo and Diane Dillon">Leo and Diane Dillon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Patricia_A._McKillip" title="Patricia A. McKillip">Patricia A. McKillip</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Asher" title="Ellen Asher">Ellen Asher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jane_Yolen" title="Jane Yolen">Jane Yolen</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lumley" title="Brian Lumley">Brian Lumley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Straub" title="Peter Straub">Peter Straub</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_S._Beagle" title="Peter S. Beagle">Peter S. Beagle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lica_Gorodischer" title="Angélica Gorodischer">Angélica Gorodischer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Garner" title="Alan Garner">Alan Garner</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Cooper" title="Susan Cooper">Susan Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanith_Lee" title="Tanith Lee">Tanith Lee</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Datlow" title="Ellen Datlow">Ellen Datlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Quinn_Yarbro" title="Chelsea Quinn Yarbro">Chelsea Quinn Yarbro</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Campbell" title="Ramsey Campbell">Ramsey Campbell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sheri_S._Tepper" title="Sheri S. Tepper">Sheri S. Tepper</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_G._Hartwell" title="David G. Hartwell">David G. Hartwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Sapkowski" title="Andrzej Sapkowski">Andrzej Sapkowski</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Brooks" title="Terry Brooks">Terry Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marina_Warner" title="Marina Warner">Marina Warner</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Lint" title="Charles de Lint">Charles de Lint</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Wollheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Wollheim">Elizabeth Wollheim</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Zipes" title="Jack Zipes">Jack Zipes</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Joy_Fowler" title="Karen Joy Fowler">Karen Joy Fowler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rowena_Morrill" title="Rowena Morrill">Rowena Morrill</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hobb" title="Robin Hobb">Megan Lindholm</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Waldrop" title="Howard Waldrop">Howard Waldrop</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terri_Windling" title="Terri Windling">Terri Windling</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Crowther" title="Peter Crowther">Peter Crowther</a> / John Douglas (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Valentine_Davies_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Valentine_Davies_Award" title="Template:Valentine Davies Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Valentine_Davies_Award" title="Template talk:Valentine Davies Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Valentine_Davies_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Valentine Davies Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Valentine_Davies_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Valentine_Davies_Award" title="Valentine Davies Award">Valentine Davies Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_C._McCall_Jr." title="Mary C. McCall Jr.">Mary C. McCall Jr.</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Allen Rivkin (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Morgan Cox (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Webb_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Webb (writer)">James R. Webb</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Spigelgass" title="Leonard Spigelgass">Leonard Spigelgass</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_H._North" title="Edmund H. North">Edmund H. North</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Seaton" title="George Seaton">George Seaton</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dore_Schary" title="Dore Schary">Dore Schary</a> (1969)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Murphy_(screenwriter)" title="Richard Murphy (screenwriter)">Richard Murphy</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Taradash" title="Daniel Taradash">Dan Taradash</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Blankfort" title="Michael Blankfort">Michael Blankfort</a> & <a href="/wiki/Norman_Corwin" title="Norman Corwin">Norman Corwin</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ludwig_(screenwriter)" title="William Ludwig (screenwriter)">William Ludwig</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a> & <a href="/wiki/Philip_Dunne_(writer)" title="Philip Dunne (writer)">Philip Dunne</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fay_Kanin" title="Fay Kanin">Fay Kanin</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Miller" title="Winston Miller">Winston Miller</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melville_Shavelson" title="Melville Shavelson">Melville Shavelson</a> (1979)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">David W. Rintels (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Arthur Orloff (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mort R. Lewis (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Kanter" title="Hal Kanter">Hal Kanter</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Lawrence" title="Jerome Lawrence">Jerome Lawrence</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert E. Lee (writer)">Robert E. Lee</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Champlin" title="Charles Champlin">Charles Champlin</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ronald Austin (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Froug" title="William Froug">William Froug</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lois Peyser (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kanin" title="Michael Kanin">Michael Kanin</a> & <a href="/wiki/Garson_Kanin" title="Garson Kanin">Garson Kanin</a> (1989)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Furia_Jr." title="John Furia Jr.">John Furia Jr.</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierson" title="Frank Pierson">Frank Pierson</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Burns" title="Allan Burns">Allan Burns</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/True_Boardman" title="True Boardman">True Boardman</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Alden_Robinson" title="Phil Alden Robinson">Phil Alden Robinson</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Garry_Marshall" title="Garry Marshall">Garry Marshall</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Farrell" title="Mike Farrell">Mike Farrell</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jonathan Estrin & Shelley List (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gary_David_Goldberg" title="Gary David Goldberg">Gary David Goldberg</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Kemp_(TV_producer)" title="Barry Kemp (TV producer)">Barry Kemp</a> (1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Alda" title="Alan Alda">Alan Alda</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Haggis" title="Paul Haggis">Paul Haggis</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Angell" title="David Angell">David Angell</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ruben" title="Aaron Ruben">Aaron Ruben</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neal_Baer" title="Neal Baer">Neal Baer</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irma_Kalish" title="Irma Kalish">Irma Kalish</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Not presented (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Schulman" title="Tom Schulman">Tom Schulman</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Reiner" title="Carl Reiner">Carl Reiner</a> & <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Riskin" title="Victoria Riskin">Victoria Riskin</a> (2009)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Not presented (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Seth Freeman & <a href="/wiki/Susannah_Grant" title="Susannah Grant">Susannah Grant</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rosenthal" title="Philip Rosenthal">Philip Rosenthal</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Simon" title="Sam Simon">Sam Simon</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Not presented (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_August" title="John August">John August</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Lance_Black" title="Dustin Lance Black">Dustin Lance Black</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Not presented (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brad_Falchuk" title="Brad Falchuk">Brad Falchuk</a> (2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="EC_Comics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EC_Comics" title="Template:EC Comics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EC_Comics" title="Template talk:EC Comics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EC_Comics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EC Comics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="EC_Comics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/EC_Comics" title="EC Comics">EC Comics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_Comics_publications" title="List of EC Comics publications">Publications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Trend<br />(1944–1950)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blackstone,_the_Magic_Detective" title="Blackstone, the Magic Detective">Blackstone the Magician</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunfighter_(comics)" title="Gunfighter (comics)">Gunfighter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Land_of_the_Lost_(radio_series)" title="Land of the Lost (radio series)">Land of the Lost</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moon_Girl_(EC_Comics)" title="Moon Girl (EC Comics)">Moon Girl</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New-Trend<br />(1950–1955)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_from_the_Crypt_(comics)" title="Tales from the Crypt (comics)">Tales from the Crypt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Haunt_of_Fear" title="The Haunt of Fear">The Haunt of Fear</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vault_of_Horror_(comics)" title="The Vault of Horror (comics)">The Vault of Horror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Fantasy" title="Weird Fantasy">Weird Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Science_(comics)" title="Weird Science (comics)">Weird Science</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crime_SuspenStories" title="Crime SuspenStories">Crime SuspenStories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shock_SuspenStories" title="Shock SuspenStories">Shock SuspenStories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two-Fisted_Tales" title="Two-Fisted Tales">Two-Fisted Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_Combat" title="Frontline Combat">Frontline Combat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mad_(magazine)" title="Mad (magazine)">Mad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panic_(comics)" title="Panic (comics)">Panic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piracy_(comics)" title="Piracy (comics)">Piracy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Science-Fantasy" title="Weird Science-Fantasy">Weird Science-Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Dimensional_E.C._Classics" title="Three Dimensional E.C. Classics">Three Dimensional E.C. Classics</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Direction<br />(1955)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Impact_(EC_Comics)" title="Impact (EC Comics)">Impact</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valor_(EC_Comics)" title="Valor (EC Comics)">Valor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extra!_(comics)" title="Extra! (comics)">Extra!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aces_High_(comics)" title="Aces High (comics)">Aces High</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis_(comics)" title="Psychoanalysis (comics)">Psychoanalysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M.D._(comics)" title="M.D. (comics)">M.D.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Incredible_Science_Fiction" title="Incredible Science Fiction">Incredible Science Fiction</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Picto-Fiction<br />(1956)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Confessions_Illustrated" title="Confessions Illustrated">Confessions Illustrated</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crime_Illustrated" title="Crime Illustrated">Crime Illustrated</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shock_Illustrated" title="Shock Illustrated">Shock Illustrated</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terror_Illustrated" title="Terror Illustrated">Terror Illustrated</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers<br />and editors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Craig" title="Johnny Craig">Johnny Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Dawkins" title="Colin Dawkins">Colin Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Feldstein" title="Al Feldstein">Al Feldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gaines" title="Max Gaines">Max Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gaines" title="William Gaines">William Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Severin" title="John Severin">John Severin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bernstein_(comics)" title="Robert Bernstein (comics)">Robert Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Binder" title="Otto Binder">Otto Binder</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Craig" title="Johnny Craig">Johnny Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Dawkins" title="Colin Dawkins">Colin Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_DeFuccio" title="Jerry DeFuccio">Jerry DeFuccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Feldstein" title="Al Feldstein">Al Feldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Fox" title="Gardner Fox">Gardner Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Keyes" title="Daniel Keyes">Daniel Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman%27s_editorship_of_Mad" title="Harvey Kurtzman's editorship of Mad">Harvey Kurtzman's editorship of <i>Mad</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Mendelsohn" title="Jack Mendelsohn">Jack Mendelsohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Oleck" title="Jack Oleck">Jack Oleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Putnam_(comics)" title="John Putnam (comics)">John Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Severin" title="John Severin">John Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wessler" title="Carl Wessler">Carl Wessler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Berg_(cartoonist)" title="Dave Berg (cartoonist)">Dave Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Check" title="Sid Check">Sid Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Colan" title="Gene Colan">Gene Colan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Craig" title="Johnny Craig">Johnny Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Crandall" title="Reed Crandall">Reed Crandall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Davis_(cartoonist)" title="Jack Davis (cartoonist)">Jack Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Elder" title="Will Elder">Will Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_Estrada" title="Ric Estrada">Ric Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Evans_(cartoonist)" title="George Evans (cartoonist)">George Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Feldstein" title="Al Feldstein">Al Feldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Frazetta" title="Frank Frazetta">Frank Frazetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harry Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Heath" title="Russ Heath">Russ Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Ingels" title="Graham Ingels">Graham Ingels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kamen" title="Jack Kamen">Jack Kamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Krenkel" title="Roy Krenkel">Roy Krenkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Krigstein" title="Bernard Krigstein">Bernard Krigstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kubert" title="Joe Kubert">Joe Kubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Larsen" title="Howard Larsen">Howard Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Moldoff" title="Sheldon Moldoff">Sheldon Moldoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Oda" title="Ben Oda">Ben Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Orlando" title="Joe Orlando">Joe Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peters_(artist)" title="Fred Peters (artist)">Fred Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Roussos" title="George Roussos">George Roussos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Severin" title="John Severin">John Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Severin" title="Marie Severin">Marie Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Toth" title="Alex Toth">Alex Toth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Torres" title="Angelo Torres">Angelo Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wheelan" title="Ed Wheelan">Ed Wheelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Williamson" title="Al Williamson">Al Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Wolverton" title="Basil Wolverton">Basil Wolverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatjana_Wood" title="Tatjana Wood">Tatjana Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Wood" title="Wally Wood">Wally Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Cochran_(publisher)" title="Russ Cochran (publisher)">Russ Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_Code_Authority" title="Comics Code Authority">Comics Code Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EC_Archives" title="EC Archives">EC Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_EC_Artists%27_Library" title="The EC Artists' Library">The EC Artists' Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Geissman" title="Grant Geissman">Grant Geissman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hajdu" title="David Hajdu">David Hajdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Reidelbach" title="Maria Reidelbach">Maria Reidelbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhob_Stewart" title="Bhob Stewart">Bhob Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_Stuart" title="Lyle Stuart">Lyle Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_von_Bernewitz" title="Fred von Bernewitz">Fred von Bernewitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vampire_Smiley.png/21px-Vampire_Smiley.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vampire_Smiley.png/31px-Vampire_Smiley.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vampire_Smiley.png/41px-Vampire_Smiley.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="555" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction/Horror" title="Portal:Speculative fiction/Horror">Speculative fiction/Horror</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40640#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40640#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40640#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Elliot, William"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368633990">ISNI</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120955961">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12305881">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1797620/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvt8MhR647CFxjgm4dRKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118659723">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79139258">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118937366">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118937366">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00434120">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bradbury, Ray"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV007830">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35021120">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bradbury, Ray"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001008&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1641453">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000029762">Romania</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/16396">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069162476">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90083059">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000016022&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000039485&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000034592">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=65884">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000033633">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199603219">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbd73sj535vf06">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810605244405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277129905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511705106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14102827">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00913681?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500292267">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6b9750c5-04c3-45b4-aef2-55b8c957a923">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/ray-bradbury/4823">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/795311">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118659723.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118659723">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026749327">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6q05zxx">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&oldid=1256808692">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray_Bradbury&oldid=1256808692</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ray_Bradbury" title="Category:Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1920_births" title="Category:1920 births">1920 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_deaths" title="Category:2012 deaths">2012 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_dramatists_and_playwrights" title="Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights">20th-century American dramatists and playwrights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_essayists" title="Category:20th-century American 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