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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;"/><title>Topical Bible: Irrigation</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/topical/i/irrigation.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/newtopical.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LR4HSKRP2H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-LR4HSKRP2H'); </script><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/topical/vmenus/genesis/1-1.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmcde/i/irrigation.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/topical/">Topical</a> > Irrigation</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/topical/i/irrigated.htm" title="Irrigated">◄</a> Irrigation <a href="/topical/naves/i/irrigation--figurative.htm" title="Irrigation: Figurative">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse">Jump to: <a href="#isb" title="International Standard Bible Encyclopedia">ISBE</a> • <a href="#eas" title="Easton's Bible Dictionary">Easton's</a> • <a href="#web" title="Webster's Dictionary">Webster's</a> • <a href="#thes" title="Bible Thesaurus">Thesaurus</a> • <a href="#heb" title="Strong's Hebrew Concordance">Hebrew</a> • <a href="#lib" title="Library">Library</a> • <a href="#sub" title="Subtopics">Subtopics</a> • <a href="#rel" title="Related Terms">Terms</a></div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><a name="te" id="te"></a><div class="vheading2">Topical Encyclopedia</div>Irrigation, the artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops, is a practice that finds its roots in ancient times, including the biblical era. While the Bible does not provide detailed descriptions of irrigation techniques, it does offer glimpses into the agricultural practices of the ancient Near East, where irrigation was essential for sustaining life and agriculture in arid regions.<br><br><b>Biblical Context</b><br><br>In the Bible, the land of Israel is often described as a land dependent on rain for its fertility. <a href="/deuteronomy/11-10.htm">Deuteronomy 11:10-11</a> contrasts the land of Egypt, which relied on irrigation, with the Promised Land, which depended on rain from heaven: "For the land you are entering to possess is not like the land of Egypt, from which you have come, where you sowed your seed and irrigated by hand as in a vegetable garden. But the land you are crossing the Jordan to take possession of is a land of mountains and valleys that drinks rain from heaven."<br><br>This passage highlights the difference between the irrigation-dependent agriculture of Egypt and the rain-fed agriculture of Canaan. In Egypt, the Nile River was the lifeline, and its annual flooding was harnessed through irrigation channels to water the fields. This method of irrigation was labor-intensive, requiring manual effort to direct water to the crops.<br><br><b>Irrigation in Egypt</b><br><br>The Israelites' experience in Egypt would have familiarized them with sophisticated irrigation techniques. The Nile's inundation was controlled through a network of canals and basins, allowing for the cultivation of crops even in the dry season. This system is alluded to in the Bible, reflecting the advanced agricultural practices of the Egyptians.<br><br><b>Irrigation in Mesopotamia</b><br><br>While the Bible does not explicitly mention Mesopotamian irrigation, the region's historical context provides insight into the practices that would have been known to the biblical authors. Mesopotamia, situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, relied heavily on irrigation to transform its arid landscape into fertile farmland. The use of canals and dikes to manage water resources was a hallmark of Mesopotamian agriculture.<br><br><b>Symbolic and Spiritual Significance</b><br><br>Water, and by extension irrigation, holds significant symbolic and spiritual meaning in the Bible. Water is often associated with life, blessing, and divine provision. In <a href="/isaiah/58-11.htm">Isaiah 58:11</a>, the prophet uses the imagery of a well-watered garden to describe the blessings of the Lord: "The LORD will always guide you; He will satisfy you in a sun-scorched land and strengthen your frame. You will be like a well-watered garden, like a spring whose waters never fail."<br><br>This metaphor underscores the importance of water in sustaining life and reflects the spiritual nourishment that comes from a relationship with God. Just as irrigation brings life to parched land, so does God's presence bring vitality to the soul.<br><br><b>Conclusion</b><br><br>While the Bible does not provide technical details on irrigation methods, it acknowledges the practice as an integral part of ancient agriculture. The reliance on rain in the Promised Land contrasted with the irrigation systems of Egypt and Mesopotamia, highlighting the Israelites' dependence on God's provision. The symbolic use of water in Scripture further emphasizes its importance, both physically and spiritually, as a source of life and blessing.<a name="eas" id="eas"></a><div class="vheading2">Easton's Bible Dictionary</div>As streams were few in Palestine, water was generally stored up in winter in reservoirs, and distributed through gardens in numerous rills, which could easily be turned or diverted by the foot (<a href="/deuteronomy/11-10.htm">Deuteronomy 11:10</a>).<p>For purposes of irrigation, water was raised from streams or pools by water-wheels, or by a shaduf, commonly used on the banks of the Nile to the present day. <a name="web" id="web"></a><div class="vheading2">Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary</div>(<I>n.</I>) The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.<a name="isb" id="isb"></a><div class="vheading2">International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</div><span class="encheading">IRRIGATION</span><p>ir-i-ga'-shun: No equivalent for this word is found in Biblical writings, although the use of irrigation for maintaining vegetable life is frequently implied (<a href="/ecclesiastes/2-5.htm">Ecclesiastes 2:5, 6</a> <a href="/isaiah/58-11.htm">Isaiah 58:11</a>). To one familiar with the methods of irrigation practiced in Palestine, Syria and Egypt, the passage, "where thou sowedst thy seed, and wateredst it with thy foot, as a garden of herbs" (<a href="/deuteronomy/11-10.htm">Deuteronomy 11:10</a>), is easily explained. The water is brought in channels to the gardens, where it is distributed in turn to the different square plots bounded by banks of earth, or along the rows of growing vegetables planted on the sides of the trenches. In stony soil the breach in the canal leading to a particular plot is opened and closed with a hoe. Any obstruction in the trench is similarly removed, while in the soft, loamy soil of the coastal plain or in the Nile valley these operations can be done with the foot; a practice still commonly seen.<br><br>The remains of the great irrigation works of the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians leave no doubt as to the extent to which they used water to redeem the deserts. In Palestine and Syria there was less need (<a href="/deuteronomy/10-7.htm">Deuteronomy 10:7</a>; <a href="/deuteronomy/11-11.htm">Deuteronomy 11:11</a>) for irrigation. Here there is an annual fall of from 30 to 40 inches, coming principally during the winter. This is sufficient for the main crops. The summer supply of vegetables, as well as the fruit and mulberry trees, requires irrigation. Hardly a drop of many mountain streams is allowed to reach the sea, but is used to water the gardens of the mountain terraces and plains. This supply is now being supplemented by the introduction of thousands of pumps and oil engines for raising the water of the wells sufficiently to run it through the irrigation canals. Where a spring is small, its supply is gathered into a birket, or cistern, and then drawn off through a large outlet into the trenches, sometimes several days being required to fill the cistern. In <a href="/ecclesiastes/2-6.htm">Ecclesiastes 2:6</a>, Solomon is made to say, "I made me pools of water, to water therefrom the forest." This passage helps to explain the uses of the so-called Pools of Solomon, South of Jerusalem. In this same district are traces of the ancient terraces which were probably watered from these pools.<br><br>See <a href="../a/agriculture.htm">AGRICULTURE</a>; <a href="../g/garden.htm">GARDEN</a>.<br><br>James A. Patch<p><a name="heb" id="heb"></a><div class="vheading2">Strong's Hebrew</div><a href="/hebrew/4945b.htm"><span class="l">4945b. mashqeh -- <b>irrigation</b>, drink</span></a><br><b>...</b> 4945a, 4945b. mashqeh. 4946 . <b>irrigation</b>, drink. Transliteration: mashqeh<br> Short Definition: drinking. Word Origin from shaqah Definition <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/hebrew/4945b.htm</font><font color="#ff6600" size="-1"> - 5k</font><p> <a href="/hebrew/6388.htm"><span class="l">6388. peleg -- a channel, canal</span></a><br><b>...</b> river, stream. From palag; a rill (ie Small channel of water, as in <b>irrigation</b>) --<br> river, stream. see HEBREW palag. 6387, 6388. peleg. 6389 . Strong's Numbers <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/hebrew/6388.htm</font><font color="#ff6600" size="-1"> - 6k</font><p> <a href="/hebrew/8585.htm"><span class="l">8585. t'alah -- a watercourse</span></a><br><b>...</b> From alah; a channel (into which water is raised for <b>irrigation</b>); also a bandage<br> or plaster (as placed upon a wound) -- conduit, cured, healing, little river <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/hebrew/8585.htm</font><font color="#ff6600" size="-1"> - 5k</font><p> <a href="/hebrew/7377.htm"><span class="l">7377. ri -- moisture</span></a><br><b>...</b> Word Origin from ravah Definition moisture NASB Word Usage moisture (1). watering.<br> From ravah; <b>irrigation</b>, ie A shower -- watering. see HEBREW ravah. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/hebrew/7377.htm</font><font color="#ff6600" size="-1"> - 6k</font><a name="lib" id="lib"></a><div class="vheading2">Library</div><p><a href="/library/thaumaturgus/a_metaphrase_of_the_book_of_ecclesiastes/chapter_ii_judging_therefore_that.htm"><span class="l">Judging, Therefore, that it Stood Thus with this Matter...</span></a> <br><b>...</b> trees; and among them also large reservoirs for the reception of water were constructed,<br> and distributed so as to secure the plentiful <b>irrigation</b> of the trees. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../a metaphrase of the book of ecclesiastes/chapter ii judging therefore that.htm</font><p><a href="/library/alexander/epistles_on_the_arian_heresy_and_the_deposition_of_arius/v_on_the_soul_and_body.htm"><span class="l">On the Soul and Body and the Passion of the Lord.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> 1. The Word which is ungrudgingly sent down from heaven, is fitted for the <b>irrigation</b><br> of our hearts, if we have been prepared for His power, not by speaking <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../v on the soul and body.htm</font><p><a href="/library/gordon/quiet_talks_on_power/the_flood-tide_of_power.htm"><span class="l">The Flood-Tide of Power.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> The green beauty and rich fruitage of some parts of the Sacramento Valley, whose<br> soil is flooded by the artificial <b>irrigation</b>-rivers, are in sharp contrast <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/...//christianbookshelf.org/gordon/quiet talks on power/the flood-tide of power.htm</font><p><a href="/library/newton/the_life_of_jesus_christ_for_the_young/jesus_restoreth_sight_to_bartimaeus.htm"><span class="l">Jesus Restoreth Sight to Bartimaeus</span></a> <br><b>...</b> it. This fertility was owing entirely to skilful <b>irrigation</b>, traces of<br> no less than twelve aqueducts having been discovered. No <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../the life of jesus christ for the young/jesus restoreth sight to bartimaeus.htm</font><p><a href="/library/miller/the_yoke/chapter_xxxvii_at_the_well.htm"><span class="l">At the Well</span></a> <br><b>...</b> There was no thirst in the Delta. Nowhere did the capillary, the <b>irrigation</b> canal,<br> fail to reach, even now in the season of desolation and loss. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">//christianbookshelf.org/miller/the yoke/chapter xxxvii at the well.htm</font><p><a href="/library/miller/the_yoke/chapter_xxxiii_back_to_memphis.htm"><span class="l">Back to Memphis</span></a> <br><b>...</b> Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of <b>irrigation</b> which<br> had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">//christianbookshelf.org/miller/the yoke/chapter xxxiii back to memphis.htm</font><p><a href="/library/miller/the_yoke/chapter_xliii_the_pharaoh_drew.htm"><span class="l">"The Pharaoh Drew Nigh"</span></a> <br><b>...</b> The messenger drank deep at an <b>irrigation</b> canal, for he turned away from water when<br> he followed the army, and leaving the level, dust-cushioned road behind <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">//christianbookshelf.org/miller/the yoke/chapter xliii the pharaoh drew.htm</font><p><a href="/library/chrysostom/on_the_priesthood/homily_ii_spoken_in_antioch.htm"><span class="l">Spoken in Antioch in the Old Church, as it was Called...</span></a> <br><b>...</b> a terebinth that hath lost its leaves, [1080] and as a garden that hath no water.'"<br> [1081] For in like manner as a garden when its <b>irrigation</b> fails, exhibits <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../chrysostom/on the priesthood/homily ii spoken in antioch.htm</font><p><a href="/library/severus/life_and_writings_of_sulpitius_severus_/chapter_xiii_well_then_when.htm"><span class="l">"Well Then, when I Entered Upon the Nearest Parts of the Desert...</span></a> <br><b>...</b> his ox, the monk performed, as well as his own special industry, produced such a<br> happy state of things to the holy man; for the frequent <b>irrigation</b> in which he <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../severus/life and writings of sulpitius severus /chapter xiii well then when.htm</font><p><a href="/library/hippolytus/the_refutation_of_all_heresies/chapter_xxii_oath_used_by_the.htm"><span class="l">Oath Used by the Justinian Heretics; the Book of Baruch; the <b>...</b></span></a> <br><b>...</b> etc. [605] amaran. This word means a trench or channel in a field, for<br> the purpose either of <b>irrigation</b> or drainage. Schneidewin <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../hippolytus/the refutation of all heresies/chapter xxii oath used by the.htm</font><a name="thes" id="thes"></a><div class="vheading2">Thesaurus</div><a href="/topical/i/irrigation.htm"><span class="l"><b>Irrigation</b></span></a><br><b>...</b> For purposes of <b>irrigation</b>, water was raised from streams or pools by water-wheels,<br> or by a shaduf, commonly used on the banks of the Nile to the present day. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/i/irrigation.htm - 9k</font><p><a href="/topical/e/euphrates.htm"><span class="l">Euphrates (36 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> which it has eroded in the rocky surface, and which, being more or less covered<br> with alluvial soil, is pretty generally cultivated by artificial <b>irrigation</b>.. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/e/euphrates.htm - 26k</font><p><a href="/topical/r/reservoir.htm"><span class="l">Reservoir (1 Occurrence)</span></a><br><b>...</b> for the fewness of lakes, impels the inhabitants to make artificial pools or reservoirs<br> to collect the water of the rain or of springs for <b>irrigation</b> and also <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/r/reservoir.htm - 12k</font><p><a href="/topical/p/pond.htm"><span class="l">Pond (2 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> for the fewness of lakes, impels the inhabitants to make artificial pools or reservoirs<br> to collect the water of the rain or of springs for <b>irrigation</b> and also <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/p/pond.htm - 12k</font><p><a href="/topical/e/esdraelon.htm"><span class="l">Esdraelon</span></a><br><b>...</b> edge of the plain. Those at Megiddo drive mills and serve for <b>irrigation</b>,<br> besides forming extensive marshes. The springs near Zer <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/e/esdraelon.htm - 15k</font><p><a href="/topical/p/plain.htm"><span class="l">Plain (113 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> farther toward the shore of the lake is the village of Es-Safieh, inhabited by a<br> tribe of fellahin called the Ghawarneh, who by means of <b>irrigation</b> from the <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/p/plain.htm - 71k</font><p><a href="/topical/a/agriculture.htm"><span class="l">Agriculture</span></a><br><b>...</b> The extensive and easily-arranged system of <b>irrigation</b> from the rills and streams<br> from the mountains made the soil in every part of Palestine richly productive <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/a/agriculture.htm - 27k</font><p><a href="/topical/n/nile.htm"><span class="l">Nile (37 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> phenomenon in Egypt. By means of it much of the <b>irrigation</b> of the land<br> during the dry season is carried on from wells. It has had <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/n/nile.htm - 29k</font><p><a href="/topical/w/water.htm"><span class="l">Water (4571 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> to drink. In a few instances the cisterns or pools are sufficiently large<br> to supply water for limited <b>irrigation</b>. See CISTERN. (5 <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/w/water.htm - 23k</font><p><a href="/topical/a/arabia.htm"><span class="l">Arabia (9 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> frequent floods in the former town, and are, owing to the arborial denudation of<br> the country, of little use for the purpose of agriculture or <b>irrigation</b>. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/a/arabia.htm - 43k</font><p><a name="res" id="res"></a><div class="vheading2">Resources</div><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Egypt-in-the-Bible.html">What is the significance of Egypt in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Sumerians.html">Who were the Sumerians? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://clyx.com/term/irrigation.htm">Irrigation: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com</a><br /><br /><a href="/concordance/">Bible Concordance</a> • <a href="/dictionary/">Bible Dictionary</a> • <a href="/encyclopedia/">Bible Encyclopedia</a> • <a href="/topical/">Topical Bible</a> • <a href="/thesaurus/">Bible Thesuarus</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="sub" id="sub"></a><div class="vheading2">Subtopics</div><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/i/irrigation.htm">Irrigation</a></p><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/naves/i/irrigation--figurative.htm">Irrigation: Figurative</a></p><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/naves/i/irrigation--general_scriptures_concerning.htm">Irrigation: General Scriptures Concerning</a></p><a name="rel" id="rel"></a><div class="vheading2">Related Terms</div><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/euphrates.htm">Euphrates (36 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/r/reservoir.htm">Reservoir (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/pond.htm">Pond (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/esdraelon.htm">Esdraelon</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/plain.htm">Plain (113 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/agriculture.htm">Agriculture</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/n/nile.htm">Nile (37 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/w/water.htm">Water (4571 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/arabia.htm">Arabia (9 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/k/kishon.htm">Kishon (6 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/u/use.htm">Use (620 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/j/jericho.htm">Jericho (59 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/l/land.htm">Land (19790 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/g/genneseret.htm">Genneseret</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/g/gennesaret.htm">Gennesaret (3 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/g/garden.htm">Garden (68 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/i/irritable.htm">Irritable (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/i/irrigated.htm">Irrigated (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/f/fountain.htm">Fountain (57 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/f/flood.htm">Flood (70 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/tigris.htm">Tigris (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/tikvath.htm">Tikvath (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/tikvah.htm">Tikvah (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/r/rain.htm">Rain (118 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/enrich.htm">Enrich (6 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/d/drove.htm">Drove (89 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/attalia.htm">Attalia (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/eden.htm">Eden (19 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/siddim.htm">Siddim (3 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/brook.htm">Brook (75 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/pool.htm">Pool (25 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/j/jordan.htm">Jordan (188 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/shiloah.htm">Shiloah (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/siloah.htm">Siloah (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/shelah.htm">Shelah (18 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/cities.htm">Cities (427 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/ciccar.htm">Ciccar</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/elamites.htm">Elamites (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/v/vale.htm">Vale (20 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/m/minor.htm">Minor (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/plagues.htm">Plagues (28 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/siloam.htm">Siloam (4 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/elam.htm">Elam (24 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/asia.htm">Asia (22 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/l/lebanon.htm">Lebanon (66 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/botany.htm">Botany</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/elamarna.htm">Elamarna</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/tablets.htm">Tablets (31 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/code.htm">Code (6 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/el-amarna.htm">El-amarna</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/egypt.htm">Egypt (596 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/tell.htm">Tell (3056 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/v/valley.htm">Valley (187 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/shinar.htm">Shinar (8 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/cyrus.htm">Cyrus (20 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/h/healing.htm">Healing (60 Occurrences)</a></p><p 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