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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesulitan_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kesulitan lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesulitan_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asal_mula_Alkitab_Ibrani_dan_komponennya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asal_mula_Alkitab_Ibrani_dan_komponennya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Asal mula Alkitab Ibrani dan komponennya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asal_mula_Alkitab_Ibrani_dan_komponennya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edisi_keilmuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edisi_keilmuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Edisi keilmuan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edisi_keilmuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alkitab Ibrani</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 47 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="الكتاب العبري – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكتاب العبري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="الكتاب العبرى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكتاب العبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_hebrea" title="Biblia hebrea – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Biblia hebrea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Яўрэйская Біблія – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яўрэйская Біблія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="হিব্রু বাইবেল – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিব্রু বাইবেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کتێبی پیرۆزی عیبری – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کتێبی پیرۆزی عیبری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejsk%C3%A1_bible" title="Hebrejská bible – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hebrejská bible" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraiske_Bibel" title="Hebraiske Bibel – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hebraiske Bibel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hebrew Bible" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrea_Biblio" title="Hebrea Biblio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hebrea Biblio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_hebrea" title="Biblia hebrea – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biblia hebrea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrear_Biblia" title="Hebrear Biblia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hebrear Biblia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کتاب مقدس عبری – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتاب مقدس عبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_hebrea" title="Biblia hebrea – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biblia hebrea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%22%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99" title="התנ"ך העברי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התנ"ך העברי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ber_Biblia" title="Héber Biblia – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Héber Biblia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreska_bibl%C3%ADan" title="Hebreska biblían – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hebreska biblían" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E8%AA%9E%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8" title="ヘブライ語聖書 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘブライ語聖書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4_%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD" title="히브리어 성경 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히브리어 성경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica" title="Biblia Hebraica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biblia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Танах – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Танах" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE" title="ഹീബ്രു ബൈബിൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹീബ്രു ബൈബിൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_Bible_Ibrani" title="Kitab Bible Ibrani – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kitab Bible Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreeuwse_Bijbel" title="Hebreeuwse Bijbel – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hebreeuwse Bijbel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_hebraiske_bibelen" title="Den hebraiske bibelen – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den hebraiske bibelen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_hebraiske_bibelen" title="Den hebraiske bibelen – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den hebraiske bibelen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%84" title="عبرانی بائبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عبرانی بائبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="عبراني سپېڅلی کتاب – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عبراني سپېڅلی کتاب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia_hebraica" title="Bíblia hebraica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bíblia hebraica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Еврейская Библия – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Еврейская Библия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Танах – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Танах" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejska_Biblija" title="Hebrejska Biblija – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hebrejska Biblija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hebrew Bible" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejsk%C3%A1_biblia" title="Hebrejská biblia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hebrejská biblia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibla_Hebreje" title="Bibla Hebreje – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bibla Hebreje" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хебрејска Библија – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хебрејска Библија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_ya_Kiebrania" title="Biblia ya Kiebrania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Biblia ya Kiebrania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எபிரேய வேதாகமம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எபிரேய வேதாகமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="คัมภีร์ฮีบรู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คัมภีร์ฮีบรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0brani_Kutsal_Kitab%C4%B1" title="İbrani Kutsal Kitabı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbrani Kutsal Kitabı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%84" title="عبرانی بائبل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عبرانی بائبل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_Th%C3%A1nh_Hebrew" title="Kinh Thánh Hebrew – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh Thánh Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibe_(djudayisse)" title="Bibe (djudayisse) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bibe (djudayisse)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="希伯来圣经 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希伯来圣经" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenach" title="Tenach – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tenach" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="希伯來聖經 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希伯來聖經" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhayibheli_lesiHeberu" title="IBhayibheli lesiHeberu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IBhayibheli lesiHeberu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Alkitab_Ibrani" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&oldid=23879535" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang teks-teks bahasa Aram dan Ibrani yang membentuk kitab suci Yahudi. Untuk <a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab" title="Kanon Alkitab">kanon</a> Yahudi, lihat <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a>. Untuk tradisi tekstual utama, lihat <a href="/wiki/Teks_Masoret" class="mw-redirect" title="Teks Masoret">Teks Masoret</a>. Untuk penggunaannya dalam Alkitab Kristen, lihat <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perjanjian Lama">Perjanjian Lama</a>. Untuk rangkaian edisi kritis modern, lihat <a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica" class="mw-disambig" title="Biblia Hebraica">Biblia Hebraica</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="padding:0;line-height:0.4em;"> </td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image" style="padding-top:0.2em;">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alkitab" title="Kategori:Alkitab">seri</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2;"><a href="/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab">Alkitab</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alkitab Malmesbury"><img alt="Alkitab Malmesbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/120px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/180px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/240px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab" title="Kanon Alkitab">Kanon Alkitab</a><br />dan <a href="/wiki/Kitab_dalam_Alkitab" title="Kitab dalam Alkitab">kitab-kitabnya</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Taurat" title="Taurat">Taurat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab_Kristen" title="Kanon Alkitab Kristen">Kanon Alkitab Kristen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alkitab Ibrani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perjanjian Lama">Perjanjian Lama (PL)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Perjanjian Baru (PB)</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanonika" title="Deuterokanonika">Deuterokanonika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bab_dan_ayat_dalam_Alkitab" title="Bab dan ayat dalam Alkitab">Bab dan ayat dalam Alkitab</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Apokrifa_Alkitab" title="Apokrifa Alkitab">Apokrifa:</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Apokrifa_Yahudi" title="Apokrifa Yahudi">Yahudi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Apokrifa_Perjanjian_Lama" title="Apokrifa Perjanjian Lama">PL</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Apokrifa_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Apokrifa Perjanjian Baru">PB</a>)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> Perkembangan dan Penulisan</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penanggalan_Alkitab" title="Penanggalan Alkitab">Penanggalan</a></li> <li>Kanon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perkembangan_kanon_Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Perkembangan kanon Alkitab Ibrani">Yahudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkembangan_kanon_Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perkembangan kanon Perjanjian Lama">Perjanjian Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkembangan_kanon_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perkembangan kanon Perjanjian Baru">Kanon Perjanjian Baru</a></li></ul></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepengarangan_Surat-surat_Paulus" title="Kepengarangan Surat-surat Paulus">Surat-surat Paulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepengarangan_karya-karya_Yohanes" title="Kepengarangan karya-karya Yohanes">Karya-karya Yohanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepengarangan_Surat-surat_Petrus" title="Kepengarangan Surat-surat Petrus">Surat-surat Petrus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Penerjemahan_Alkitab" title="Penerjemahan Alkitab">Terjemahan</a><br />dan <a href="/wiki/Naskah_Alkitab" title="Naskah Alkitab">Naskah</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Taurat_Samaria" title="Taurat Samaria">Taurat Samaria</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Naskah_Laut_Mati" title="Naskah Laut Mati">Gulungan Laut Mati</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Teks_Masoret" class="mw-redirect" title="Teks Masoret">Teks Masorah</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Pesyita" title="Pesyita">Pesyita</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Septuaginta" title="Septuaginta">Septuaginta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Vulgata" title="Vulgata">Vulgata</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Alkitab_bahasa_Goth" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkitab bahasa Goth">Alkitab Goth</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Alkitab_Luther" title="Alkitab Luther">Alkitab Luther</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Alkitab_bahasa_Inggris" title="Alkitab bahasa Inggris">Alkitab Inggris</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_teks_Alkitab_bahasa_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejarah teks Alkitab bahasa Indonesia">Alkitab Indonesia</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> Studi</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Kode_Alkitab" title="Kode Alkitab">Kode Alkitab</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_dokumen" title="Hipotesis dokumen">Hipotesis dokumen</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kategori_Naskah_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Kategori Naskah Perjanjian Baru">Kategori PB</a><br /> <div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Historisitas_Alkitab" title="Historisitas Alkitab">Historisitas</a><br /></div> <a href="/wiki/Konsistensi_internal_Alkitab" title="Konsistensi internal Alkitab">Konsistensi internal</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sekolah_Arkeologi_Alkitab" title="Sekolah Arkeologi Alkitab">Arkeologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi_Alkitab" title="Arkeologi Alkitab">Artefak</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> Tafsir</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutika_Alkitab" title="Hermeneutika Alkitab">Hermeneutika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pesyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pesyer (halaman belum tersedia)">Pesyer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Midrash" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrash">Midras</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pardes_(eksegesis_Yahudi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pardes (eksegesis Yahudi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pardes</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Penafsiran_alegori_Alkitab" title="Penafsiran alegori Alkitab">Penafsiran alegori Alkitab</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Literalisme_biblis" title="Literalisme biblis">Literalisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nubuat_Alkitab" title="Nubuat Alkitab">Nubuat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Homoseksualitas_dalam_Alkitab_Ibrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoseksualitas dalam Alkitab Ibrani">Homoseksualitas</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Garis_besar_topik-topik_terkait_Alkitab" title="Garis besar topik-topik terkait Alkitab">Daftar dan Garis besar topik</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Daftar_artefak_terkait_Alkitab" title="Daftar artefak terkait Alkitab">Artefak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Daftar_nama_dalam_Alkitab" title="Daftar nama dalam Alkitab">Nama</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Daftar_nama_tokoh_dalam_Alkitab" title="Daftar nama tokoh dalam Alkitab">Tokoh</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Topik_Alkitab" title="Templat:Topik Alkitab"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Topik_Alkitab" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Topik Alkitab"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Topik_Alkitab&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png/220px-Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png/330px-Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png/440px-Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="3472" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Targum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Targum.jpg/220px-Targum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Targum.jpg/330px-Targum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Targum.jpg/440px-Targum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Manuskrip Alkitab Ibrani abad ke-11 dengan <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a> berbahasa Aram</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alkitab Ibrani</b> atau <b>Kitab Suci Ibrani</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: <span lang="la"><i>Biblia Hebraica</i></span>) adalah istilah yang digunakan oleh para <a href="/wiki/Studi_alkitab" class="mw-redirect" title="Studi alkitab">akademisi alkitab</a> untuk merujuk pada <i><a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">תנ"ך</span>‎), yakni kumpulan teks-teks Yahudi kanonikal, yang mana merupakan sumber tekstual umum beberapa <a href="/wiki/Perkembangan_kanon_Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perkembangan kanon Perjanjian Lama">edisi kanonik</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perjanjian Lama">Perjanjian Lama</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>. Teks-teks ini terutama tersusun dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ibrani_Biblika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ibrani Biblika (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Ibrani Biblika</a>, dengan beberapa bagian dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aramaik_Biblika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Aramaik Biblika (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Aramaik Biblika</a> (pada kitab-kitab <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Daniel" title="Kitab Daniel">Daniel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Ezra" title="Kitab Ezra">Ezra</a>, dan beberapa lainnya). </p><p>Isi Alkitab Ibrani, yang mana sangat bersesuaian dengan Perjanjian Lama <a href="/wiki/Protestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestan">Protestan</a>, tidak digunakan sebagai sumber untuk Perjanjian Lama pada bagian <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanonika" title="Deuterokanonika">deuterokanonika</a> <a href="/wiki/Katolik_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolik Roma">Katolik Roma</a> ataupun bagian <i><a href="/wiki/Anagignoskomena" class="mw-redirect" title="Anagignoskomena">Anagignoskomena</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Ortodoks_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortodoks Timur">Ortodoks Timur</a>. Istilah Alkitab Ibrani tidak menjelaskan mengenai penamaan, penomoran ataupun pengaturan kitab-kitab, yang mana terdapat variasi dalam kanon-<a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab_Kristen" title="Kanon Alkitab Kristen">kanon Alkitab Kristen</a> setelahnya. </p><p>Istilah Alkitab Ibrani merupakan suatu upaya untuk memberikan kekhususan dalam kaitannya dengan isi, sekaligus menghindari kiasan pada setiap tradisi keilmuan teologis atau penafsiran tertentu. Istilah ini banyak digunakan dalam tulisan akademik dan diskusi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialog_antara_agama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialog antara agama (halaman belum tersedia)">antar agama</a> dalam konteks yang relatif netral yang dimaksudkan untuk menyelenggarakan dialog di antara semua tradisi keagamaan, tetapi tidak digunakan secara luas dalam pembahasan internal dari agama-agama yang menggunakan teks darinya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggunaan">Penggunaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alkitab Ibrani mengacu pada <a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab#Kanon_Yahudi" title="Kanon Alkitab">kanon Alkitab Yahudi</a>. Dalam rupa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Latinnya</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica" class="mw-disambig" title="Biblia Hebraica">Biblia Hebraica</a></i>, secara tradisi berfungsi sebagai judul edisi-edisi cetak dari <a href="/wiki/Teks_Masoret" class="mw-redirect" title="Teks Masoret">Teks Masoret</a>. Banyak akademisi <a href="/wiki/Studi_biblika" title="Studi biblika">studi biblika</a> yang menganjurkan penggunaan istilah "Alkitab Ibrani" (atau "Kitab Suci Ibrani") sebagai suatu pengganti yang netral atas istilah-istilah dengan konotasi religius (misalnya istilah non-netral "Perjanjian Lama").<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Buku Panduan Gaya</i> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_of_Biblical_Literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society of Biblical Literature (halaman belum tersedia)">Society of Biblical Literature</a>, yang mana merupakan pegangan bagi jurnal akademik besar seperti <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_Theological_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard Theological Review (halaman belum tersedia)">Harvard Theological Review</a></i> dan jurnal konservatif Protestan seperti <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliotheca_Sacra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliotheca Sacra (halaman belum tersedia)">Bibliotheca Sacra</a></i> dan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Theological_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westminster Theological Journal (halaman belum tersedia)">Westminster Theological Journal</a></i>, mengemukakan bahwa para penulis "menyadari konotasi-konotasi dari berbagai ungkapan alternatif seperti... Alkitab Ibrani [dan] Perjanjian Lama" tanpa memberikan rekomendasi mengenai penggunaan keduanya.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kesulitan_lain">Kesulitan lain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Kesulitan lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kesulitan lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam hal <a href="/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi">teologi</a>, sejak awalnya <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a> telah bergumul dengan hubungan antara Perjanjian "Lama" dan "Baru".<sup id="cite_ref-marcion_britannica_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marcion_britannica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumusan Kekristenan modern sehubungan dengan pergumulan ini misalnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersesionisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supersesionisme (halaman belum tersedia)">supersesionisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teologi_kovenan" title="Teologi kovenan">teologi kovenan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teologi_Kovenan_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teologi Kovenan Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">teologi Kovenan Baru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dispensasionalisme" title="Dispensasionalisme">dispensasionalisme</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teologi_kovenan_ganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teologi kovenan ganda (halaman belum tersedia)">teologi kovenan ganda</a>. Semua rumusan ini, selain beberapa bentuk teologi kovenan ganda, menjadi keberatan <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a> arus utama dan banyak penulis serta akademisi <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a>, yang mana bagi mereka hanya ada satu perjanjian kekal antara <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bani_Israil" title="Bani Israil">Bani Israil</a>, sehingga karenanya mereka menolak istilah "Perjanjian Lama" yang dianggap sebagai perwujudan <a href="/wiki/Antinomianisme" title="Antinomianisme">antinomianisme</a>. </p><p>Dalam hal <a href="/wiki/Perkembangan_kanon_Alkitab_Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Perkembangan kanon Alkitab Kristen">kanon</a>, penggunaan kalangan Kristen atas istilah "Perjanjian Lama" tidak merujuk pada sesuatu yang telah disepakati bersama secara universal atas serangkaian kitab, tetapi justru terdapat <a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab#Perjanjian_Lama" title="Kanon Alkitab">berbagai variasi</a> tergantung pada <a href="/wiki/Denominasi_Kristen" title="Denominasi Kristen">denominasi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheranisme">Lutheranisme</a> dan berbagai denominasi Protestan yang mengakui <a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_Iman_Westminster" title="Pengakuan Iman Westminster">Pengakuan Iman Westminster</a> menerima keseluruhan kanon Yahudi sebagai Perjanjian Lama tanpa penambahan apapun, namun dalam penerjemahannya mereka terkadang lebih memberikan preferensi ke <a href="/wiki/Septuaginta" title="Septuaginta">Septuaginta</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Teks_Masoret" class="mw-redirect" title="Teks Masoret">Teks Masoret</a>; misalnya <a href="/wiki/Yesaya_7:14" title="Yesaya 7:14">Yesaya 7:14</a>. </p><p>Dalam hal bahasa, "Ibrani" mengacu pada bahasa asli kitab-kitab tersebut, tetapi dapat juga dianggap sebagai rujukan pada orang-orang Yahudi dari masa <a href="/wiki/Bait_Kedua" title="Bait Kedua">Bait Kedua</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Diaspora_Yahudi" title="Diaspora Yahudi">diaspora Yahudi</a>, serta keturunan mereka, yang mempertahankan penyebaran Teks Masoret hingga saat ini. Alkitab Ibrani mencakup bagian-bagian kecil dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aramaik_Biblika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Aramaik Biblika (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Aramaik Biblika</a> (sebagian besar dalam <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Daniel" title="Kitab Daniel">kitab Daniel</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Ezra" title="Kitab Ezra">Ezra</a>), yang ditulis dan dicetak dalam <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Aramaik" class="mw-redirect" title="Abjad Aramaik">aksara persegi</a>, diadopsi sebagai <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Ibrani" title="Abjad Ibrani">abjad Ibrani</a> setelah <a href="/wiki/Pembuangan_Babel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembuangan Babel">pembuangan Babel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asal_mula_Alkitab_Ibrani_dan_komponennya">Asal mula Alkitab Ibrani dan komponennya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Asal mula Alkitab Ibrani dan komponennya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Asal mula Alkitab Ibrani dan komponennya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penentuan_tanggal_Alkitab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penentuan tanggal Alkitab (halaman belum tersedia)">Penentuan tanggal Alkitab</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perkembangan_kanon_Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Perkembangan kanon Alkitab Ibrani">Perkembangan kanon Alkitab Ibrani</a></div> <p>Kitab-kitab yang membentuk Alkitab Ibrani mengalami perkembangan selama sekitar satu <a href="/wiki/Milenium" title="Milenium">milenium</a>. Teks-teks yang paling lama sepertinya berasal dari abad ke-10 atau 11 <a href="/wiki/Sebelum_Masehi" title="Sebelum Masehi">SM</a>, sedangkan teks-teks lainnya agak belakangan. Semuanya merupakan karya-karya suntingan, merupakan kumpulan berbagai sumber yang dijalin menjadi satu secara hati-hati dan kompleks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p><p>Sejak abad ke-19, kebanyakan akademisi telah sepakat bahwa <a href="/wiki/Pentateukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateukh">Pentateukh</a> (lima kitab pertama dalam <a href="/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab">Alkitab</a>) terdiri dari empat sumber yang dijalin menjadi satu. Keempat sumber ini digabungkan untuk membentuk Pentateukh pada suatu waktu pada abad ke-6 SM. Teori ini sekarang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_dokumen" title="Hipotesis dokumen">hipotesis dokumen</a>, dan menjadi teori yang menonjol selama 200 ratus tahun terakhir.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomis" title="Deuteronomis">Deuteronomis</a> yang dikaitkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Ulangan" title="Kitab Ulangan">kitab Ulangan</a> (<i>Deuteronomy</i>) dalam Pentateukh juga dikatakan merupakan sumber dari <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Yosua" title="Kitab Yosua">kitab Yosua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakim-hakim" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim-hakim">Hakim-hakim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Samuel" title="Kitab Samuel">Samuel</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Raja-raja" title="Kitab Raja-raja">Raja-raja</a> (sejarah Deuteronomistis, atau DtrH), serta <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Yeremia" title="Kitab Yeremia">kitab Yeremia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edisi_keilmuan">Edisi keilmuan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Edisi keilmuan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Edisi keilmuan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa edisi, semuanya berjudul <i><a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica" class="mw-disambig" title="Biblia Hebraica">Biblia Hebraica</a></i>, telah dihasilkan oleh berbagai penerbit <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> sejak tahun 1906. </p> <ul><li>Antara tahun 1906 - 1955, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Kittel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Kittel (halaman belum tersedia)">Rudolf Kittel</a> menerbitkan <a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica_(Kittel)" title="Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)">sembilan edisi</a> <i>Biblia Hebraica</i></li> <li>Tahun 1966-1997, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bibelgesellschaft" title="Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft">Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft</a> menerbitkan edisi yang dinamakan kembali <i><a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica_Stuttgartensia" title="Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia">Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia</a></i> dalam enam edisi.</li> <li>Sejak tahun 2004 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft telah menerbitkan <i><a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica_Quinta" title="Biblia Hebraica Quinta">Biblia Hebraica Quinta</a></i>, termasuk semua varian naskah <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> serta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masorah_Magna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masorah Magna (halaman belum tersedia)">Masorah Magna</a>.</li></ul> <p>Proyek-proyek lainnya meliputi: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_University_Bible_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hebrew University Bible Project (halaman belum tersedia)">Hebrew University Bible Project</a> (HUBP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkitab_Ibrani_Oxford" title="Alkitab Ibrani Oxford">Alkitab Ibrani: Edisi Kritis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22254620">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Yahudi" title="Portal:Yahudi">Portal Yahudi </a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kitab_dalam_Alkitab" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kitab dalam Alkitab">Daftar Kitab dalam Alkitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab" title="Kanon Alkitab">Kanon Alkitab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab_non-kanonik_yang_direferensikan_dalam_Alkitab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitab non-kanonik yang direferensikan dalam Alkitab (halaman belum tersedia)">Kitab non-kanonik yang direferensikan dalam Alkitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurat" title="Taurat">Taurat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation news">Safire, William (1997-05-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9404E3D8153BF936A15756C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">"The New Old Testament"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+New+Old+Testament&rft.date=1997-05-25&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9404E3D8153BF936A15756C0A961958260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAlkitab+Ibrani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web">Hamilton, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/scriptures.html">"From Hebrew Bible to Christian Bible: Jews, Christians and the Word of God"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-11-19</span></span>. <q>Modern scholars often use the term 'Hebrew Bible' to avoid the confessional terms Old Testament and Tanakh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Hebrew+Bible+to+Christian+Bible%3A+Jews%2C+Christians+and+the+Word+of+God&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Freligion%2Ffirst%2Fscriptures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAlkitab+Ibrani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Alexander, Patrick H; et al., ed. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbl-site.org/assets/pdfs/SBLHS.pdf"><i>The SBL Handbook of Style</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson. hlm. 17 (section 4.3). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-56563-487-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-56563-487-X">1-56563-487-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SBL+Handbook+of+Style&rft.place=Peabody%2C+MA&rft.pages=17+%28section+4.3%29&rft.pub=Hendrickson&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-56563-487-X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbl-site.org%2Fassets%2Fpdfs%2FSBLHS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAlkitab+Ibrani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marcion_britannica-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marcion_britannica_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation">"Marcion", <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 1911</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Marcion&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAlkitab+Ibrani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mengenai catatan ajaran Yesus tentang subjek ini, lihat <a href="/wiki/Matius_5#Antitesis" title="Matius 5">Matius 5#Antitesis</a>; mengenai perdebatan modern, lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_Kovenan_Lama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Kovenan Lama (halaman belum tersedia)">pandangan Kristen tentang Kovenan Lama</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web">Hamilton, Mark (April 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/scriptures.html">"From Hebrew Bible to Christian Bible: Jews, Christians and the Word of God"</a>. <i>Frontline</i>. From Jesus to Christ. WGBH Educational Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=From+Hebrew+Bible+to+Christian+Bible%3A+Jews%2C+Christians+and+the+Word+of+God&rft.date=1998-04&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Freligion%2Ffirst%2Fscriptures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAlkitab+Ibrani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Brueggemann, Walter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=WvX4ZlRUxwYC&pg=PR3&dq=isbn:0800637658&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q=Hebrew%20bible&f=false">An introduction to the Old Testament: the canon and Christian imagination</a> (Westminster John Knox Press, 1997).</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Charlesworth, James H., ed. <i>The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha</i>. (2 vols.; Garden City: Doubleday, 1985).</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web">Hamilton, Mark (April 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/scriptures.html">"From Hebrew Bible to Christian Bible: Jews, Christians and the Word of God"</a>. <i>From Jesus to Christ</i>. PBS.org/Frontline<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=From+Jesus+to+Christ&rft.atitle=From+Hebrew+Bible+to+Christian+Bible%3A+Jews%2C+Christians+and+the+Word+of+God&rft.date=1998-04&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Freligion%2Ffirst%2Fscriptures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAlkitab+Ibrani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Johnson_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Johnson (writer) (halaman belum tersedia)">Johnson, Paul</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjews0000john_g1i3"><i>A History of the Jews</i></a> (edisi ke-First, hardback). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-297-79091-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-297-79091-9">0-297-79091-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Jews&rft.place=London&rft.edition=First%2C+hardback&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-297-79091-9&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjews0000john_g1i3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAlkitab+Ibrani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Kugel, James. <i>The Bible as It Was</i>. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997).</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Kugel, James. <i>In Potiphar's House: The Interpretive Life of Biblical Texts</i>. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990).</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Kuntz, John Kenneth. <i>The People of Ancient Israel: an introduction to Old Testament Literature, History, and Thought</i>, Harper and Row, 1974. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0060438223" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-06-043822-3</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Leiman, Sid. <i>The Canonization of Hebrew Scripture</i>. (Hamden, CT: Archon, 1976).</li> <li>Levenson, Jon. <i>Sinai and Zion: An Entry into the Jewish Bible</i>. (San Francisco: HarperSan Francisco, 1985).</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web">Minkoff, Harvey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314095848/http://www.bib-arch.org/e-features/searching-for-better-text.asp">"Searching for the Better Text"</a>. <i>Biblical Archaeology Review (online)</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bib-arch.org/e-features/searching-for-better-text.asp">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review+%28online%29&rft.atitle=Searching+for+the+Better+Text&rft.aulast=Minkoff&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bib-arch.org%2Fe-features%2Fsearching-for-better-text.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAlkitab+Ibrani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Noth, Martin. <i>A History of Pentateuchal Traditions</i>. (1948; trans. by Bernhard Anderson; Atlanta: Scholars, 1981).</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Schniedewind, William M (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.au/books?id=tCTVc8_2vVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=How+the+Bible+Became+a+Book#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>How the Bible Became a Book</i></a>. Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780521536226" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780521536226">9780521536226</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+the+Bible+Became+a+Book&rft.pub=Cambridge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780521536226&rft.aulast=Schniedewind&rft.aufirst=William+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.au%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtCTVc8_2vVQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DHow%2Bthe%2BBible%2BBecame%2Ba%2BBook%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAlkitab+Ibrani" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Schmid, Konrad. <i>The Old Testament: A Literary History</i>. (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2012).</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Vermes, Geza, ed. <i>The Dead Sea Scrolls in English</i>. (3d ed.; New York: Penguin, 1987).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hebrew_bibles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hebrew bibles"><span style="">Hebrew bibles</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//archive.org/search.php?query=%28+%22Hebrew+Bible%22+OR+%22Jewish+Bible%22+OR+%22Hebrew+Scriptures%22+%29">Karya oleh/tentang Alkitab Ibrani</a> di <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> <small>(pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://librivox.org/author/4231">Karya Alkitab Ibrani</a> di <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (buku suara domain umum) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/40px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Ibrani" lang="Ibrani">(Ibrani)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11363/">Hebrew Bible</a> from around 1300 CE</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Ibrani" lang="Ibrani">(Ibrani)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0.htm">Hebrew-English Bible</a> Mechon-Mamre online edition, from 1917 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Publication_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish Publication Society (halaman belum tersedia)">Jewish Publication Society</a> edition and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masoretic_Text&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masoretic Text (halaman belum tersedia)">Masoretic Text</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kitab_suci" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kitab_suci" title="Templat:Kitab suci"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kitab_suci" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kitab suci"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Daodejing" title="Daodejing">Daodejing</a></i> (Taoisme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi%E1%B9%ADaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipiṭaka">Tripitaka</a> (Buddha)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alkitab Ibrani</a> (Yudaisme, Kekristenan) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taurat_Samaria" title="Taurat Samaria">Taurat Samaria</a> (Samaritanisme)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterokanonika" title="Deuterokanonika">Deuterokanonika</a> (Katolik Roma, Kekristenan awal)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> (Politeisme Romawi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Perjanjian Baru</a> (Kekristenan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpustakaan_Nag_Hammadi" title="Perpustakaan Nag Hammadi">Perpustakaan Nag Hammadi</a> (Gnostisisme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> (Yudaisme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theogonia" title="Theogonia">Theogonia</a> (Politeisme Yunani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanisad" title="Upanisad">Upanisad</a> (Hindu)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enneads&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enneads (halaman belum tersedia)">Enneads</a> (Neoplatonisme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgi_Ilahi" title="Liturgi Ilahi">Liturgi Ilahi</a> (Kekristenan Timur)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan" title="Abad Pertengahan">Pertengahan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purana" title="Purana">Purana</a> (Hindu) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puya_(Sanamahisme)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puya (Sanamahisme) (halaman belum tersedia)">Puya</a> (Sanamahisme)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a> (Islam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a> (Shinto)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hymne_Ambrosia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hymne Ambrosia (halaman belum tersedia)">Hymne Ambrosia</a> (Katolik Roma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a> (Islam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologiae" title="Summa Theologiae">Summa Theologiae</a> (Katolik Roma)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Periode_modern_awal" title="Periode modern awal">Modern awal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a> (Sikh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katekismus_Besar_Luther" title="Katekismus Besar Luther">Katekismus Besar Luther</a> (Lutheranisme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_Iman_Augsburg" title="Pengakuan Iman Augsburg">Pengakuan Iman Augsburg</a> (Protestantisme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katekismus_Heidelberg" title="Katekismus Heidelberg">Katekismus Heidelberg</a> (Protestantisme)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buku_Doa_Umum" title="Buku Doa Umum">Buku Doa Umum</a></i> (Anglikanisme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misale_Romawi" title="Misale Romawi">Misale Romawi</a> (Katolik Roma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katekismus_Roma" title="Katekismus Roma">Katekismus Roma</a> (Katolik Roma)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernitas" title="Modernitas">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_Mormon" title="Kitab Mormon">Kitab Mormon</a> (Mormonisme, 1830)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ofudesaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ofudesaki (halaman belum tersedia)">Ofudesaki</a> (Tenrikyo, 1869)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas (halaman belum tersedia)">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a></i> (Baha'i, 1873)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liber_AL_vel_Legis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liber AL vel Legis (halaman belum tersedia)">Liber AL vel Legis</a></i> (Thelemite, 1904)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab_Bayangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitab Bayangan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kitab Bayangan</a> (Paganisme Wicca, 1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dianetics:_The_Modern_Science_of_Mental_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health (halaman belum tersedia)">Dianetiks</a></i> (Scientology, 1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Bible" title="The Satanic Bible">The Satanic Bible</a></i> (Setanisme, 1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geniokrasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geniokrasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Geniokrasi</a> (Raelianisme, 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katekismus_Gereja_Katolik" title="Katekismus Gereja Katolik">Katekismus Gereja Katolik</a> (Katolik Roma)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&oldid=23879535">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkitab_Ibrani&oldid=23879535</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Kategori:Alkitab Ibrani">Alkitab Ibrani</a></li><li><a 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