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<li id="toc-ICMs_and_the_International_Mathematical_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ICMs_and_the_International_Mathematical_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ICMs and the International Mathematical Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ICMs_and_the_International_Mathematical_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_participation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_participation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Soviet participation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_participation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Congresses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Congresses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of Congresses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Congresses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="المؤتمر الدولي لعلماء الرياضيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المؤتمر الدولي لعلماء الرياضيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congreso_Internacional_de_Matematicos" title="Congreso Internacional de Matematicos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Congreso Internacional de Matematicos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresu_Internacional_de_Matem%C3%A1ticos" title="Congresu Internacional de Matemáticos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Congresu Internacional de Matemáticos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congr%C3%A9s_Internacional_de_Matem%C3%A0tics" title="Congrés Internacional de Matemàtics – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Congrés Internacional de Matemàtics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaler_Mathematikerkongress" title="Internationaler Mathematikerkongress – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationaler Mathematikerkongress" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congreso_Internacional_de_Matem%C3%A1ticos" title="Congreso Internacional de Matemáticos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Congreso Internacional de Matemáticos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Kongreso_de_Matematikistoj" title="Internacia Kongreso de Matematikistoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Kongreso de Matematikistoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressu_Entrenacional_de_Matem%C3%A1ticus" title="Congressu Entrenacional de Matemáticus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Congressu Entrenacional de Matemáticus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematikarien_Nazioarteko_Biltzarra" title="Matematikarien Nazioarteko Biltzarra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Matematikarien Nazioarteko Biltzarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کنگره جهانی ریاضیدانان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنگره جهانی ریاضیدانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_international_des_math%C3%A9maticiens" title="Congrès international des mathématiciens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Congrès international des mathématiciens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congreso_Internacional_de_Matem%C3%A1ticos" title="Congreso Internacional de Matemáticos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Congreso Internacional de Matemáticos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EC%88%98%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90_%EB%8C%80%ED%9A%8C" title="세계 수학자 대회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세계 수학자 대회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresso_internazionale_dei_matematici" title="Congresso internazionale dei matematici – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Congresso internazionale dei matematici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הקונגרס הבין-לאומי של המתמטיקאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקונגרס הבין-לאומי של המתמטיקאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_Matematikai_Kongresszus" title="Nemzetközi Matematikai Kongresszus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzetközi Matematikai Kongresszus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongres_Ahli_Matematik_Antarabangsa" title="Kongres Ahli Matematik Antarabangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kongres Ahli Matematik Antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaal_Wiskundecongres" title="Internationaal Wiskundecongres – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internationaal Wiskundecongres" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="国際数学者会議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際数学者会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalqaro_matematiklar_kongressi" title="Xalqaro matematiklar kongressi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xalqaro matematiklar kongressi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_Kongres_Matematyk%C3%B3w" title="Międzynarodowy Kongres Matematyków – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowy Kongres Matematyków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresso_Internacional_de_Matem%C3%A1ticos" title="Congresso Internacional de Matemáticos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Congresso Internacional de Matemáticos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Международный конгресс математиков – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международный конгресс математиков" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongresi_nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtar_i_matematikan%C3%ABve" title="Kongresi ndërkombëtar i matematikanëve – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kongresi ndërkombëtar i matematikanëve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Congress_of_Mathematicians" title="International Congress of Mathematicians – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="International Congress of Mathematicians" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کۆنگرەی نێودەوڵەتی ماتماتیکزانان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆنگرەی نێودەوڵەتی ماتماتیکزانان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationella_matematikerkongressen" title="Internationella matematikerkongressen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internationella matematikerkongressen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="அனைத்துலகக் கணித அறிஞர் பேரவை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அனைத்துலகக் கணித அறிஞர் பேரவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Matematik%C3%A7iler_Kongresi" title="Uluslararası Matematikçiler Kongresi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uluslararası Matematikçiler Kongresi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Міжнародний конгрес математиків – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міжнародний конгрес математиків" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ریاضی دانوں کی بین الاقوامی کانگریس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاضی دانوں کی بین الاقوامی کانگریس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%99i_To%C3%A1n_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Đại hội Toán học Quốc tế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại hội Toán học Quốc tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Quadrennial mathematics conference</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">International Congress of Mathematicians</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a> conference</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Quadrennial</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Varies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1897–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugurated</th><td class="infobox-data">9 August 1897<span class="noprint">; 127 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1897-08-09</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Cantor" title="Georg Cantor">Georg Cantor</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Most recent</th><td class="infobox-data">6–14 July 2022</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous event</th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next event</th><td class="infobox-data">22–29 July 2026</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Activity</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/activities/icm/">mathunion.org/icm</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>International Congress of Mathematicians</b> (<b>ICM</b>) is the largest conference for the topic of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>. It meets once every four years, hosted by the <a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">International Mathematical Union</a> (IMU). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medals</a>, the <a href="/wiki/IMU_Abacus_Medal" title="IMU Abacus Medal">IMU Abacus Medal</a> (known before 2022 as the Nevanlinna Prize), the <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss_Prize" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss Prize">Gauss Prize</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chern_Medal" title="Chern Medal">Chern Medal</a> are awarded during the congress's opening ceremony. Each congress is memorialized by a printed set of <a href="/wiki/Proceedings" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings">Proceedings</a> recording academic papers based on invited talks intended to be relevant to current topics of general interest. Being <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Congresses_of_Mathematicians_Plenary_and_Invited_Speakers" title="List of International Congresses of Mathematicians Plenary and Invited Speakers">invited to talk at the ICM</a> has been called "the equivalent ... of an induction to a <a href="/wiki/Hall_of_fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall of fame">hall of fame</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Congress_of_Mathematicians&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:331px;max-width:331px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:175px;max-width:175px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Felix_Klein,_Leipzig_years.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Felix_Klein%2C_Leipzig_years.png/173px-Felix_Klein%2C_Leipzig_years.png" decoding="async" width="173" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Felix_Klein%2C_Leipzig_years.png/260px-Felix_Klein%2C_Leipzig_years.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Felix_Klein%2C_Leipzig_years.png/346px-Felix_Klein%2C_Leipzig_years.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="627" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a> (1849–1925)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Cantor3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Georg_Cantor3.jpg/150px-Georg_Cantor3.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Georg_Cantor3.jpg/225px-Georg_Cantor3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Georg_Cantor3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="424" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Cantor" title="Georg Cantor">Georg Cantor</a> (1845–1918)</div></div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Internationaler_Mathematikerkongress_Z%C3%BCrich_1932_-_ETH_BIB_Portr_10680-FL_(Johannes_Meiner).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Internationaler_Mathematikerkongress_Z%C3%BCrich_1932_-_ETH_BIB_Portr_10680-FL_%28Johannes_Meiner%29.jpg/320px-Internationaler_Mathematikerkongress_Z%C3%BCrich_1932_-_ETH_BIB_Portr_10680-FL_%28Johannes_Meiner%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Internationaler_Mathematikerkongress_Z%C3%BCrich_1932_-_ETH_BIB_Portr_10680-FL_%28Johannes_Meiner%29.jpg/480px-Internationaler_Mathematikerkongress_Z%C3%BCrich_1932_-_ETH_BIB_Portr_10680-FL_%28Johannes_Meiner%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Internationaler_Mathematikerkongress_Z%C3%BCrich_1932_-_ETH_BIB_Portr_10680-FL_%28Johannes_Meiner%29.jpg/640px-Internationaler_Mathematikerkongress_Z%C3%BCrich_1932_-_ETH_BIB_Portr_10680-FL_%28Johannes_Meiner%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4530" data-file-height="3068" /></a><figcaption>The 1932 International Congress of Mathematicians in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, Switzerland</figcaption></figure> <p>German mathematicians <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Cantor" title="Georg Cantor">Georg Cantor</a> are credited with putting forward the idea of an international congress of mathematicians in the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-coleman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coleman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, which had opened in 1892, organized an International Mathematical Congress at the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">Chicago World's Fair</a> in 1893, where Felix Klein participated as the official German representative.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first official International Congress of Mathematicians was held in Zürich in August 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organizers included such prominent mathematicians as <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cremona" title="Luigi Cremona">Luigi Cremona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Mittag-Leffler" title="Gösta Mittag-Leffler">Gösta Mittag-Leffler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Markov" title="Andrey Markov">Andrey Markov</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The congress was attended by 208 mathematicians from 16 countries, including more than 100 from Switzerland or Germany, around 20 from each of France, Italy, and <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, 13 from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and 7 from the US.<sup id="cite_ref-coleman_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coleman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only four were women: Iginia Massarini, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vera_Schiff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vera Schiff (page does not exist)">Vera Schiff</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84" class="extiw" title="ru:Вера Иосифовна Шифф">ru</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Scott" title="Charlotte Scott">Charlotte Scott</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Wedell" title="Charlotte Wedell">Charlotte Wedell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1900 congress in Paris, France, <a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">David Hilbert</a> announced his famous list of 23 unsolved mathematical problems, now termed <a href="/wiki/Hilbert%27s_problems" title="Hilbert's problems">Hilbert's problems</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moritz_Cantor" title="Moritz Cantor">Moritz Cantor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vito_Volterra" title="Vito Volterra">Vito Volterra</a> gave the two plenary lectures at the start of the congress.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 1904 ICM <a href="/wiki/Gyula_K%C5%91nig" title="Gyula Kőnig">Gyula Kőnig</a> delivered a lecture where he claimed that Georg Cantor's famous <a href="/wiki/Continuum_hypothesis" title="Continuum hypothesis">continuum hypothesis</a> was false. An error in Kőnig's proof was discovered by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Zermelo" title="Ernst Zermelo">Ernst Zermelo</a> soon thereafter. Kőnig's announcement at the congress caused considerable uproar, and Klein had to personally explain to the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden">Grand Duke of Baden</a> (who was a financial sponsor of the congress) what could cause such an unrest among mathematicians.<sup id="cite_ref-curbera_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curbera-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1912 congress in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, England, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Landau" title="Edmund Landau">Edmund Landau</a> listed four basic problems about <a href="/wiki/Prime_number" title="Prime number">prime numbers</a>, now called <a href="/wiki/Landau%27s_problems" title="Landau's problems">Landau's problems</a>. The 1924 congress in Toronto was organized by <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Fields" title="John Charles Fields">John Charles Fields</a>, initiator of the <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a>; it included a roundtrip railway excursion to Vancouver and ferry to <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a>. The first two Fields Medals were awarded at the 1936 ICM in Oslo.<sup id="cite_ref-curbera_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curbera-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of World War I, at the insistence of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Powers</a>, the 1920 ICM in Strasbourg and the 1924 ICM in Toronto excluded mathematicians from the countries formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>. This resulted in a still unresolved controversy as to whether to count the Strasbourg and Toronto congresses as true ICMs. At the opening of the 1932 ICM in Zürich, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weyl" title="Hermann Weyl">Hermann Weyl</a> said: "We attend here to an extraordinary improbable event. For the number of <i>n</i>, corresponding to the just opened International Congress of Mathematicians, we have the inequality 7 ≤ <i>n</i> ≤ 9; unfortunately our axiomatic foundations are not sufficient to give a more precise statement”.<sup id="cite_ref-curbera_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curbera-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence of this controversy, from the 1932 Zürich congress onward, the ICMs are not numbered.<sup id="cite_ref-curbera_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curbera-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the 1950 ICM in Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Schwartz" title="Laurent Schwartz">Laurent Schwartz</a>, one of the Fields Medalists for that year, and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Hadamard" title="Jacques Hadamard">Jacques Hadamard</a>, both of whom were viewed by the U.S. authorities as communist sympathizers, were only able to obtain U.S. visas after the personal intervention of President <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first woman to give an ICM plenary lecture, at the 1932 congress in Zürich, was <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Noether" title="Emmy Noether">Emmy Noether</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-C3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second ICM plenary talk by a woman was delivered 58 years later, at the 1990 ICM in Kyoto, by <a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1998 congress was attended by 3,346 participants. The <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a> reported that more than 4,500 participants attended the 2006 conference in Madrid, Spain. The King of Spain presided over the 2006 conference opening ceremony. The 2010 Congress took place in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad, India</a>, on August 19–27, 2010. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icm2014.org/">ICM 2014</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229200825/http://www.icm2014.org/">Archived</a> 2014-12-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> was held in Seoul, South Korea, on August 13–21, 2014. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208144537/http://www.icm2018.org/portal/en/invited-section-lectures-speakers">2018 Congress</a> took place in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> on August 1–9, 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ICMs_and_the_International_Mathematical_Union">ICMs and the International Mathematical Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Congress_of_Mathematicians&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: ICMs and the International Mathematical Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organizing committees of the early ICMs were formed in large part on an <i>ad hoc</i> basis and there was no single body continuously overseeing the ICMs. Following the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the Allied Powers established in 1919 in Brussels the International Research Council (IRC). At the IRC's instructions, in 1920 the <i>Union Mathematique Internationale</i> (UMI) was created.<sup id="cite_ref-curbera_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curbera-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the immediate predecessor of the current <a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">International Mathematical Union</a>. Under the IRC's pressure, UMI reassigned the 1920 congress from Stockholm to Strasbourg and insisted on the rule which excluded from the congress mathematicians representing the former <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>. The exclusion rule, which also applied to the 1924 ICM, turned out to be quite unpopular among mathematicians from the U.S. and Great Britain. The 1924 ICM was originally scheduled to be held in New York, but had to be moved to Toronto after the <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a> withdrew its invitation to host the congress, in protest against the exclusion rule.<sup id="cite_ref-coleman_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coleman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the exclusion rule and the protests it generated, the 1920 and the 1924 ICMs were considerably smaller than the previous ones. In the run-up to the 1928 ICM in Bologna, IRC and UMI still insisted on applying the exclusion rule. In the face of the protests against the exclusion rule and the possibility of a boycott of the congress by the American Mathematical Society and the <a href="/wiki/London_Mathematical_Society" title="London Mathematical Society">London Mathematical Society</a>, the congress's organizers decided to hold the 1928 ICM under the auspices of the University of Bologna rather than of the UMI.<sup id="cite_ref-curbera_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curbera-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1928 congress and all the subsequent congresses have been open for participation by mathematicians of all countries. The statutes of the UMI expired in 1931 and at the 1932 ICM in Zürich a decision to dissolve the UMI was made, largely in opposition to IRC's pressure on the UMI.<sup id="cite_ref-curbera_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curbera-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 1950 ICM the participants voted to reconstitute the International Mathematical Union (IMU), which was formally established in 1951. Starting with the 1954 congress in Amsterdam, the ICMs are held under the auspices of the IMU. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_participation">Soviet participation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Congress_of_Mathematicians&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Soviet participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1966_CPA_3310_stamp_(The_International_Congress_of_Mathematicians_(ICM)_(16-26.08,_Moscow)._Emblem_-_Integral_Symbol_and_Globe._Sum_and_Union_Symbols).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_Soviet_Union_1966_CPA_3310_stamp_%28The_International_Congress_of_Mathematicians_%28ICM%29_%2816-26.08%2C_Moscow%29._Emblem_-_Integral_Symbol_and_Globe._Sum_and_Union_Symbols%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_Soviet_Union_1966_CPA_3310_stamp_%28The_International_Congress_of_Mathematicians_%28ICM%29_%2816-26.08%2C_Moscow%29._Emblem_-_Integral_Symbol_and_Globe._Sum_and_Union_Symbols%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_Soviet_Union_1966_CPA_3310_stamp_%28The_International_Congress_of_Mathematicians_%28ICM%29_%2816-26.08%2C_Moscow%29._Emblem_-_Integral_Symbol_and_Globe._Sum_and_Union_Symbols%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption> The Soviet commemorative stamp for the 1966 Congress in Moscow</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> sent 27 participants to the 1928 ICM in Bologna and 10 participants to the 1932 ICM in Zürich.<sup id="cite_ref-C3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No Soviet mathematicians participated in the 1936 ICM, although a number of invitations were extended to them. At the 1950 ICM there were again no participants from the Soviet Union, although quite a few were invited. Similarly, no representatives of other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries, except for Yugoslavia, participated in the 1950 congress. <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kolmogorov" title="Andrey Kolmogorov">Andrey Kolmogorov</a> had been appointed to the Fields Medal selection committee for the 1950 congress, but did not participate in the committee's work. However, in a famous episode, a few days before the end of the 1950 ICM, the congress' organizers received a telegram from <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Ivanovich_Vavilov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov">Sergei Vavilov</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/USSR_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR Academy of Sciences">USSR Academy of Sciences</a>. The telegram thanked the organizers for inviting Soviet mathematicians but said that they are unable to attend "being very much occupied with their regular work", and wished success to the congress's participants.<sup id="cite_ref-C2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vavilov's message was seen as a hopeful sign for the future ICMs and the situation improved further after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s death in 1953. The Soviet Union was represented by five mathematicians at the 1954 ICM in Amsterdam, and several other Eastern Bloc countries sent their representatives as well. In 1957 the USSR joined the <a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">International Mathematical Union</a> and the participation in subsequent ICMs by the Soviet and other Eastern Bloc scientists returned to more normal levels.<sup id="cite_ref-C2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, even after 1957, tensions between ICM organizers and the Soviet side persisted. Soviet mathematicians invited to attend the ICMs routinely experienced difficulties with obtaining exit visas from the Soviet Union and were often unable to come. Thus of the 41 invited speakers from the USSR for the 1974 ICM in Vancouver, only 20 actually arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-coleman_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coleman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Margulis" title="Grigory Margulis">Grigory Margulis</a>, who was awarded the Fields Medal at 1978 ICM in Helsinki, was not granted an exit visa and was unable to attend the 1978 congress.<sup id="cite_ref-coleman_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coleman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another, related, point of contention was the jurisdiction over Fields Medals for Soviet mathematicians. After 1978 the Soviet Union put forward a demand that the USSR Academy of Sciences approve all Soviet candidates for the <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a>, before it was awarded to them.<sup id="cite_ref-coleman_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coleman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the IMU insisted that the decisions regarding invited speakers and Fields medalists be kept under exclusive jurisdiction of the ICM committees appointed for that purpose by the IMU.<sup id="cite_ref-coleman_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coleman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Congresses">List of Congresses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Congress_of_Mathematicians&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of Congresses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1ex auto 1ex auto"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px">Year </th> <th style="width:150px">City </th> <th style="width:250px">Country </th></tr> <tr> <td>2026</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> United States </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> Finland </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> Brazil </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> South Korea </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> India </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Spain </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> China </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Germany </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> Switzerland </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> Japan </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> United States </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Poland </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> Finland </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> France </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Soviet Union </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Sweden </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Netherlands </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> United States </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> Norway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1932</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> Switzerland </td></tr> <tr> <td>1928</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Italy </td></tr> <tr> <td>1924</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> France </td></tr> <tr> <td>1912</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <td>1908</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Italy </td></tr> <tr> <td>1904</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> German Empire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> France </td></tr> <tr> <td>1897</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> Switzerland </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Online event: Originally planned to be in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia, but was moved online following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. The IMU General Assembly took place in Helsinki, Finland, in early July, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Met during 1983</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Congress_of_Mathematicians&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Congresses_of_Mathematicians_Plenary_and_Invited_Speakers" title="List of International Congresses of Mathematicians Plenary and Invited Speakers">List of International Congresses of Mathematicians Plenary and Invited Speakers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Congress_of_Mathematicians&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F056395a0">"The International Congress of Mathematicians"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>56</b> (1452). Nature Publishing Group: 395. 1897. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1897Natur..56Q.395.">1897Natur..56Q.395.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F056395a0">10.1038/056395a0</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+International+Congress+of+Mathematicians&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1452&rft.pages=395&rft.date=1897&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F056395a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1897Natur..56Q.395.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F056395a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Congress+of+Mathematicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastelvecchi,_Davide2015" class="citation journal cs1">Castelvecchi, Davide (7 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F526178a">"The biggest mystery in mathematics: Shinichi Mochizuki and the impenetrable proof"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>526</b> (7572): 178–181. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.526..178C">2015Natur.526..178C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F526178a">10.1038/526178a</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26450038">26450038</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4403935">4403935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+biggest+mystery+in+mathematics%3A+Shinichi+Mochizuki+and+the+impenetrable+proof&rft.volume=526&rft.issue=7572&rft.pages=178-181&rft.date=2015-10-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F526178a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4403935%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26450038&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.526..178C&rft.au=Castelvecchi%2C+Davide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F526178a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Congress+of+Mathematicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icm2006.org/press/dossier/#8">The International Mathematical Union and The ICM Congresses.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210223134152/http://www.icm2006.org/press/dossier/#8">Archived</a> 2021-02-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> www.icm2006.org. Accessed December 23, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coleman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. John Coleman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cms.math.ca/notes/v31/n3/">"Mathematics without borders": a book review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100116004339/http://www.cms.math.ca/notes/v31/n3/">Archived</a> 2010-01-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>CMS Notes</i>, vol 31, no. 3, April 1999, pp. 3–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCase,_Bettye_Anne1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bettye_Anne_Case" title="Bettye Anne Case">Case, Bettye Anne</a>, ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UnkYqxyWGz8C&pg=PA65">"<i>Come to the Fair: The Chicago Mathematical Congress of 1893</i> by David E. Rowe and Karen Hunger Parshall"</a>. <i>A Century of Mathematical Meetings</i>. American Mathematical Society. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780821804650" title="Special:BookSources/9780821804650"><bdi>9780821804650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Come+to+the+Fair%3A+The+Chicago+Mathematical+Congress+of+1893+by+David+E.+Rowe+and+Karen+Hunger+Parshall&rft.btitle=A+Century+of+Mathematical+Meetings&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780821804650&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUnkYqxyWGz8C%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Congress+of+Mathematicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC.2003" class="citation book cs1">C., Bruno, Leonard (2003) [1999]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mathmathematicia00brun"><i>Math and mathematicians : the history of math discoveries around the world</i></a></span>. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit, Mich.: U X L. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mathmathematicia00brun/page/56">56</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0787638137" title="Special:BookSources/0787638137"><bdi>0787638137</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41497065">41497065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Math+and+mathematicians+%3A+the+history+of+math+discoveries+around+the+world&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Mich.&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=U+X+L&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41497065&rft.isbn=0787638137&rft.aulast=C.&rft.aufirst=Bruno%2C+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmathmathematicia00brun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Congress+of+Mathematicians" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the section <i>Vorgeschichte des Kongresses</i> (prehistory of the congress) of the 1st ICM proceedings, 21 prominent organizers were cited: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bleuler" title="Hermann Bleuler">Hermann Bleuler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Burkhardt" title="Heinrich Burkhardt">Heinrich Burkhardt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cremona" title="Luigi Cremona">Luigi Cremona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dumas" title="Gustave Dumas">Gustave Dumas</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Franel" title="Jérôme Franel">Jérôme Franel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Geiser" title="Carl Friedrich Geiser">Carl Friedrich Geiser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_George_Greenhill" title="Alfred George Greenhill">Alfred George Greenhill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albin_Herzog" title="Albin Herzog">Albin Herzog</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hurwitz" title="Adolf Hurwitz">Adolf Hurwitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Markov" title="Andrey Markov">Andrey Markov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Mertens" title="Franz Mertens">Franz Mertens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Minkowski" title="Hermann Minkowski">Hermann Minkowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Mittag-Leffler" title="Gösta Mittag-Leffler">Gösta Mittag-Leffler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oltramare" title="Gabriel Oltramare">Gabriel Oltramare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Rebstein" title="Johann Jakob Rebstein">Johann Jakob Rebstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Rudio" title="Ferdinand Rudio">Ferdinand Rudio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_der_M%C3%BChll" title="Karl von der Mühll">Karl von der Mühll</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Friedrich_Weber" title="Heinrich Friedrich Weber">Heinrich Friedrich Weber</a>. (See: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudio,_F.1898" class="citation book cs1">Rudio, F., ed. (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510001714689;view=1up;seq=20"><i>Verhandlungen des ersten Internationalen Kongresses in Zürich vom 9. bis 11. August 1897</i></a>. ICM proceedings. BG Teubner. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verhandlungen+des+ersten+Internationalen+Kongresses+in+Z%C3%BCrich+vom+9.+bis+11.+August+1897&rft.series=ICM+proceedings&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=BG+Teubner&rft.date=1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dumn.319510001714689%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Congress+of+Mathematicians" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curbera (2009), p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott,_Charlotte_Angas1900" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Angas_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Angas Scott">Scott, Charlotte Angas</a> (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1900-07-02/S0002-9904-1900-00768-3/S0002-9904-1900-00768-3.pdf">"The International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>7</b> (2): 57–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1900-00768-3">10.1090/s0002-9904-1900-00768-3</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=The+International+Congress+of+Mathematicians+in+Paris&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=57-79&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1900-00768-3&rft.au=Scott%2C+Charlotte+Angas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1900-07-02%2FS0002-9904-1900-00768-3%2FS0002-9904-1900-00768-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Congress+of+Mathematicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-curbera-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-curbera_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curbera_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curbera_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curbera_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curbera_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curbera_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curbera_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Curbera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ems-ph.org/journals/newsletter/pdf/2007-03-63.pdf">ICM through history.</a> Newsletter of the <a href="/wiki/European_Mathematical_Society" title="European Mathematical Society">European Mathematical Society</a>, no. 63, March 2007, pp. 16–21. Accessed December 23, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vladimir Maz'ya, Tatyana Shaposhnikova. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F-YN_yOkaNAC&dq=%22Laurent+Schwartz%22+Truman+visa&pg=PA271">Jacques Hadamard: a universal mathematician.</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a>, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8218-1923-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8218-1923-2">0-8218-1923-2</a>; p. 271</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michèle Audin, <i>Correspondance entre <a href="/wiki/Henri_Cartan" title="Henri Cartan">Henri Cartan</a> et <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Weil" title="André Weil">André Weil</a> (1928–1991)</i>, Documents Mathématiques <b>6</b>, Société Mathématique de France, 2011, pp. 259–313</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guillermo Curbera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Auf1a9WZlAC&q=Mathematicians+of+the+World,+Unite!"><i>Mathematicians of the World, Unite!: The International Congress of Mathematicians: A Human Endeavor</i></a> AK Peters, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56881-330-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56881-330-9">1-56881-330-9</a>; pp. 95–96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sylvia Wiegand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drivehq.com/folder/p8755087/1748787651.aspx">Report on the Berlin ICM.</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Mathematics" title="Association for Women in Mathematics">AWM</a> Newsletter, 28(6), November–December 1998, pp. 3–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guillermo Curbera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Auf1a9WZlAC&q=Mathematicians+of+the+World,+Unite!"><i>Mathematicians of the World, Unite!: The International Congress of Mathematicians: A Human Endeavor</i></a> AK Peters, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56881-330-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56881-330-9">1-56881-330-9</a>; pp 149–150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L1_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Olli Lehto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1DrQvgK5q9cC&dq=%22mathematics+without+borders%22&pg=PP1">Mathematics without borders: a history of the International Mathematical Union.</a> Springer-Verlag, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-98358-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-387-98358-9">0-387-98358-9</a>; pp. 205–206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/ICM2022/ICM_2022_statement.pdf">"Decision of the Executive Committee of the IMU on the upcoming ICM 2022 and IMU General Assembly"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decision+of+the+Executive+Committee+of+the+IMU+on+the+upcoming+ICM+2022+and+IMU+General+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FICM2022%2FICM_2022_statement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Congress+of+Mathematicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Congress_of_Mathematicians&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Guillermo Curbera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Auf1a9WZlAC&q=Mathematicians+of+the+World,+Unite!"><i>Mathematicians of the World, Unite!: The International Congress of Mathematicians: A Human Endeavor</i></a> AK Peters, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56881-330-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56881-330-9">1-56881-330-9</a></li> <li>Olli Lehto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1DrQvgK5q9cC&dq=%22mathematics+without+borders%22&pg=PP1"><i>Mathematics without borders: a history of the International Mathematical Union</i></a> Springer-Verlag, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-98358-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-387-98358-9">0-387-98358-9</a></li> <li>Donald J. Albers, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._Alexanderson" title="Gerald L. Alexanderson">Gerald L. Alexanderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constance_Reid" title="Constance Reid">Constance Reid</a>. <i>International Mathematical Congresses: An Illustrated History, 1893–1986</i>, Springer-Verlag, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-96409-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-387-96409-6">0-387-96409-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousef_Alavi" title="Yousef Alavi">Yousef Alavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hilton" title="Peter Hilton">Peter Hilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Pedersen" title="Jean Pedersen">Jean Pedersen</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/2322535">"Let's Meet at the Congress"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="American Mathematical Monthly">American Mathematical Monthly</a></i>, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan., 1986), pp. 3–8</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Congress_of_Mathematicians&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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Mathematicians</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mathematicalpap00socigoog">International Mathematical Congress</a>:</i> held in connection with the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a>, Chicago</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/icm/proceedings">International Mathematical Union: Proceedings 1893–2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027161137/http://elib.zib.de/ICM98/">ICM 1998</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021033121/http://159.226.47.99:8080/">ICM 2002</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202055613/http://www.icm2006.org/">ICM 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wias-berlin.de/imu/archive/ICM2010/www.icm2010.in/about-icm-2010.html">ICM 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217085507/http://www.wias-berlin.de/imu/archive/ICM2010/www.icm2010.in/about-icm-2010.html">Archived</a> 2020-02-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813172556/http://www.icm2014.org/">ICM 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208144537/http://www.icm2018.org/portal/en/invited-section-lectures-speakers">ICM 2018</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/icm/virtual-icm-2022">ICM 2022</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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