CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91361648da4c3e14',cH: 'LkHNBWFWCVmWzwSfA46v.WKnkYQYjuzqIr._4PrRSsc-1739798555-1.2.1.1-mrpa2wGk_l8.8UoEN0Ip8A5k1Tj.jbHAvfk8RlU0lJNy80Nt0MzWvZV_ooUY3w9P',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=TiO2%20NT&__cf_chl_tk=F87G1CPrKl5Pp5PxzIIxfo3HNB4aVeig_I.Q2NSJMdg-1739798555-1.0.1.1-n0DloH2vwuYkhxZ_TP0NUcuyWOevQsIc3mZj.5g4zjE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739798555',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=TiO2%20NT&__cf_chl_f_tk=F87G1CPrKl5Pp5PxzIIxfo3HNB4aVeig_I.Q2NSJMdg-1739798555-1.0.1.1-n0DloH2vwuYkhxZ_TP0NUcuyWOevQsIc3mZj.5g4zjE",md: "yk.ZwI8Rfsb6lfvvOLC3c0XRzSSkerTpuFdWU7z6EtA-1739798555-1.2.1.1-kBwJgPMtVPVHEgfKO1Drg6qxCVEENsiuCuVSGmyOinNCEo00sYwYWvWG3gWxe4.vVPLLkvIC4HpVBv67juGEK5ATsLfMqpwzLqwF9hp7N5wT3DF1iw2sXRzXd0INgjSA9T2cQ9E6SH7Iz2HhfssPUGzpEIr3vTWRuaZKYMs_HmCW_oeVa_3c.Z6.Rfg92ZVEbpiQSUtqwsqUizwd_rPNt_TdHuBLqpaZqw4skVOXbPKKdidN.6jnlCT8c_.nV1RHdbYUhRWjqOChS6WXHWGBdbIi8c8g8yTyeVTl1N.55tKdMyp50xdyRMIiczq80MAV.SsQyBbYv47HTTXysTNkBdCdL8YKTgaD_2LSPna9N69qq119E9d4U7g_QVxj7G6ZEvnogjTeqMEvK_mBFK8ZBlCggaaH_ehO5FZagRn22hzSnCgX0_PBnUuc5N0AbrALtYmU_.FatL18oaTXF3GNrIPm61do.Plz6cnXmKhYpYdzh5egsmLTlJmT3FjLOQBnwjLLGvEwD_6IJNo7j_PTYEjBOF9yIJWoUMQfEMS7tMvwcqU8ERm_BJN1rGy787Rr7MIA6hLqH9l7pi3MgCb7PiqBKUh2tlADPajtdkCPtaSKC3jPs7ZFAkpUXdN3rTZGpZMg8nvqtHd7FUduq0k.4uysERonHIMKoz8nrcC_dpzu_ApoqReA5O1WOz48cNtlkAFgocrfQspkrDswBqyqMQ4JGsh.Zt7lORsIuSi3jM1MpHWt2m5fCR6MtxHUJmFJxkEzQxBSenp.NWVWzdvMhAFA8K.bVB7IuMuKb64aNUAsyEkOmdeUk9Cy2sp77DarIBxre7RsMPqYrfVlAAp5xjKXauhZz9uWNqsbNCispYjFMg8pEdVACCH52ovx5yfhKRt31fAIBv58Fd6PVrbohsPU94NGnpjgVF921riT6UiaO.s5eCMbs8r_rETxTG80BHoRZCUJjDFBEEi8cnRKkG9PgXaJ_j7C4fMc6IdIZhrG3e4B.eLcLn_n4kfAc43gm_.3cIqKjJsGdGFTU5zD9JzDh0MRvz22pP_eHJhPdz5Fu30CgjMSOBhX8IhJ.2xPqXzcpSuR4XTnwFXnmq5sqLOUWJDPyLLQhJj8SqcTWb8sxLSAneFvHw4mJlnmUFcYQwQcBtMkV77f6rqrDGogSFciqVBt3SC67fidOpN.54xkhjYPk4co6U5lOLKoR9qazggQ28N3oCjdqB_soHNaamynHr5puNtJKZ0Rky52KXsaKLFQjtmnBlci_NQn3O.QejZPGcI7vxwkRFqxAOPw0fJoEZBK4ZzfynlTeF.pLu3MFuUPDpy25VLPnZ70.dV.ohyjeIIcwQBVcVNrioQf1rp8XuBozhpIBPL0AaPVXcRLea.5crfuuPkpuuWR0PLZ7uvX5sQYSkIfNQknLAnW0PNLdY_.8kRKElISH6vNLaCqIhqqecx4Q9dbvXR1mm79hah5wzS16RcO6iGWok5B4Q__ED0OCiLDKGUGEOjk2dZScIFBX1mceliHyRvWBGuClvHxTN.B45BUZfiLtcePZOpm3TgfD_XBG5d3aTc6lwVKUEjRVzXuAYrh73uH_Y9rYhv6.X47tIa7AJgC0KGM2AI4PlpFIi7HZ9C2.WsowtFygSkkreW2ZjOxww64mmB5AlIV7jeWedVJYsbWWWvMBFAzHKRFyn4uUabq7b6Eht0esbkwtJa4RsmI5rfxRhitHzXnZxblqiErCERYs8EaPGiCDtvzDOVOvTYAG7ARvzc.mqjY1gPcW4ti3fAY0E6t__HpqdZ55JaXFx7soHSC_IT_9Hhz99m2RsK6cPVYNR.OO_IUkWfC0lytOiLy8pbvdVuBtGUln2v2InUKm2S6xLJhK.id2SPh4O5hlFQPCfe_Fe0WwMhe1L.gkyabL79B1Ka1klJYi1y8B2GTeXL3VQ",mdrd: "LjWd4uuiAtHL6D5M_694CPobBqJhhZhht3xz354yHO4-1739798555-1.2.1.1-iY3kb1XmsZm80xKWtZRdtvk_dEYRWmvlaRwvECfp_mwk9i4wHf4s7BvPmLc5NCSelt2dsMVCyUqBoIQfSqM3f07RhSqAukSlRpRAnqv2EYI0DSHheacWegf2q9kJcC60UDio1vezZlvFP8pO_0x6egW6riIqXSbyIHapaanY9VHc_4g6hoAffDa7zY9vTs9fCfqBppvSFlTsvdAtAtjizp734Zjmtkqjnfho6KMg67JQZ4iPRVr5Omw5cEZkyRiy2nmhWx.yZ5Jr1m1ALQh1VhdOijogepMAppKOI40pqu6mKIAILjj6cJ65NGcHEiorA.wNsf2daF9w9Z.42jsD8cXdgi9jlC4d78pzErLiw6a1RgrCBKau3DNnONwEY7Tzj7Ub4R9f40bSqK3rfx6k5lu8yVsC2gpMIuqw9tUWW.WeL7ewUgGyuY9Pssw0UEIeuXp8K8No5Dl5rPpDZNbfK.ScolwEOz6Mk9UE.K5PcDjQU_mUKfdYk7G9VZXoWa.ia91dFxi_AU6pmwLmGTUNhtc3C_hA6xnQ3sIbqd6PxBLySeKDpMmeOxzojCQuVwOpz02UhBmVbFyV4jr..TbqyiieijzrHn2Inm2mAupSY6zMimWC4LT9WWCS_Uvk2nuPKxkcZEqniZRXbMHj22dsMO5SeMGWHkxiOE4thEBIHlnUHp3C.qrmvhmyJKcJiNENna7wk_997vGYeRg2K4s3Qfki0XLy9mkgUzFEYOwzLJvhjkOkGXd75wGmVZn2JTXnBJNwZp_dcuxO27yHENLcWeLuUx.MzrH7iHLe6X9iJqkJgMuuYS7_4Foq_T9xEgjdsum6VrVo5ipoe..2qcvRJx7TkGPT5jgXfJm8OKZzN7aDkEaAZ6kMPSE1QRzYSSW9Wany5h.2vqWiN2ZL8AAkCEEsWoARbc8vdtYPZaAp7wq_O6vfUqQZOXXSrlD0FKMFYKIAgQQII4Z3GCgb2s7Bldm_ODZiztWjeHVYhysORM_OWskT3YRWWrKHrtvBuxo_.NJad2a18ciNKTMx8FO2norTUeNS8CeJFTrAC6KKQb_AQabICrBfMNGG5a5fInh6ol2JJPU4faoMUa8xW3nkFjqBxqA8BttbZxzx.YWrBDrdTBOo9bmO2SGSISw5megpEKiyRzOaZb1RWgVDFV1Y4kyqDN30kUt_aenCM_4c5rgvE_OfBIind7VG4ytUbq_eQB3RECQyltJPiV2uqsQltMYUp6ZZ6W9tjX1mSCm1lgcAjiX7ibfxuN_GkOjleAMLypATuf_Q5rUsjINgg9EygjfpWsncaCZSGU2zOIPVCfcasDJD7ROY4usutG1n7vKk.Eg9ZeMWM7f2G24RNe2m.Ok_plO1tHwy4Idceil4usA0rN8xkHx_JefbTZdecSrInM6AB0pR.ID1bkmVENfdlTkmSZvYuT8gNZTrtUgyHi7MbaumFtHYSMnVwxdDO91jf0vOhkwuwht1ereGTdA897hadn1oVkeHK32RZyk5XGG9suPvqDHPZWtR21gaHaGWZKh7z.7zGH6NTEFGbZU2Fi7rWlT9xFafuKWOZWg.KsudOoUC8hfT6ed6Ic0NnHsl5ZhqmaJ9Ka8DJkWeLoGcSLZMMkK8PwDEiWTwUXXgRZk_Lh3yEbtdaN1RDchMhsduTT6_oRgMa9JLAUF_yxXRotP9OLEFTX6iSujMQF2zkl1U2xZPgvowWMseJ76p2whVdzKogZ8BqVmPJvicFbcyHcrdmS.KoNhqW0Cj5S5ya.N5Ylv.HN6FKkfdUrnltX_1BWyUYLH1JKPFa3YLYEMRkCGRVlyGSpmkiOjLDB8Ejf.s.T4GRdT2QrCk2j1xO1DE3xHVDgcoIGv5ylRTZ1je6t5tFWEoROxE50o.f99d5Di14kLO7vVaGb2fOrsLSlxiUztTu06OsFYQC1lTfg1Tsv1Y_0BIo3r74vF0WkxRSRfUxEKogTnC9GeMsgV6eLrdY7LQc4MeOILoJgdITnuOPQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91361648da4c3e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=TiO2%20NT&__cf_chl_rt_tk=F87G1CPrKl5Pp5PxzIIxfo3HNB4aVeig_I.Q2NSJMdg-1739798555-1.0.1.1-n0DloH2vwuYkhxZ_TP0NUcuyWOevQsIc3mZj.5g4zjE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>