CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Samuel T. Wellman - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"eb435e28-4325-4e52-b898-1c7f9886dd2a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Samuel_T._Wellman","wgTitle":"Samuel T. Wellman","wgCurRevisionId":1273349187,"wgRevisionId":1273349187,"wgArticleId":9115735,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with hCards","American steel industry businesspeople","Engineers from Ohio","American inventors","Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers","Businesspeople from Cleveland","1847 births","1919 deaths","People from Wareham, Massachusetts","Norwich University alumni","19th-century American businesspeople"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Samuel_T._Wellman","wgRelevantArticleId":9115735,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7412739","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Samuel_T_Wellman.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1950"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Samuel_T_Wellman.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1300"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1040"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Samuel T. Wellman - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_T._Wellman"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_T._Wellman"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Samuel_T_Wellman rootpage-Samuel_T_Wellman skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Samuel+T.+Wellman" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Samuel+T.+Wellman" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Samuel+T.+Wellman" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Samuel+T.+Wellman" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_and_influence_on_the_steel_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_and_influence_on_the_steel_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career and influence on the steel industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_and_influence_on_the_steel_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partial_list_of_inventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partial_list_of_inventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Partial list of inventions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partial_list_of_inventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Selected publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Samuel T. Wellman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Thomas_Wellman" title="Samuel Thomas Wellman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samuel Thomas Wellman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7412739#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_T._Wellman" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Samuel_T._Wellman" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_T._Wellman"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_T._Wellman"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Samuel_T._Wellman" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Samuel_T._Wellman" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&oldid=1273349187" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Samuel_T._Wellman&id=1273349187&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSamuel_T._Wellman"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSamuel_T._Wellman"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7412739" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American engineer specialzing in steel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Samuel T. Wellman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_T_Wellman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_T_Wellman.jpg/220px-Samuel_T_Wellman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Samuel_T_Wellman.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="525" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Industrial entrepreneur</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1847-02-05</span>)</span>February 5, 1847<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Wareham,_Massachusetts" title="Wareham, Massachusetts">Wareham, Massachusetts</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 11, 1919<span style="display:none">(1919-07-11)</span> (aged 72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Samuel Thomas Wellman</b>, (February 5, 1847 – July 11, 1919) was an American <a href="/wiki/Steel_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel industry">steel industry</a> pioneer, industrialist, and prolific <a href="/wiki/Inventor" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventor">inventor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schwab" title="Charles M. Schwab">Charles M. Schwab</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Steel_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethlehem Steel Company">Bethlehem Steel</a> described Samuel T. Wellman as "the man who did more than any other living person in the development of steel".<sup id="cite_ref-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wellman was a close friend of electrical pioneer <a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-“St._George”_Westinghouse_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“St._George”_Westinghouse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he was also president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="American Society of Mechanical Engineers">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a> from 1901 to 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-1903_ASME_Council_Meeting_Photo_Riddle_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1903_ASME_Council_Meeting_Photo_Riddle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Wareham,_Massachusetts" title="Wareham, Massachusetts">Wareham, Massachusetts</a> in 1847, Wellman was the son of a <a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashua_Iron_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nashua Iron Company (page does not exist)">Iron Company</a> superintendent.<sup id="cite_ref-wellman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wellman received his formal engineering training from <a href="/wiki/Norwich_University" title="Norwich University">Norwich University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norwich,_Vermont" title="Norwich, Vermont">Norwich, Vermont</a>, and served as a corporal with the <a href="/wiki/1st_New_Hampshire_Heavy_Artillery_Regiment" title="1st New Hampshire Heavy Artillery Regiment">1st New Hampshire Heavy Artillery Regiment</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. Shortly after the war, Wellman married Julia A. Ballard, with whom he had five children.<sup id="cite_ref-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_influence_on_the_steel_industry">Career and influence on the steel industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and influence on the steel industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wellman began his career working at the Nashua Iron Company. He was encouraged by his father to build a <a href="/wiki/Open_hearth_furnace#The_Siemens_regenerative_furnace" class="mw-redirect" title="Open hearth furnace">regenerative gas furnace</a> for the company. Wellman did this, impressing <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Siemens" title="Carl Wilhelm Siemens">Carl Wilhelm Siemens</a>, who immediately hired him to establish the first <a href="/wiki/Crucible_steel" title="Crucible steel">crucible-steel furnace</a> in America.<sup id="cite_ref-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wellman went on to improve upon the <a href="/wiki/Open_hearth_furnace" class="mw-redirect" title="Open hearth furnace">open-hearth process</a> of steel <a href="/wiki/Rail_tracks#Railway_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail tracks">rail</a> production, which in turn had improved upon the <a href="/wiki/Bessemer_process" title="Bessemer process">Bessemer process</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Quiz_on_railroads_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quiz_on_railroads-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1869, Wellman built the first commercially successful open-hearth furnace in America at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_State_Iron_Works&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay State Iron Works (page does not exist)">Bay State Iron Works</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="South Boston, Massachusetts">South Boston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fifty_Years_of_Iron_and_Steel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fifty_Years_of_Iron_and_Steel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hulett_Electric_Ore_Unloader,_Toledo,_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_80c790080f86ceda34d1523b59c0597e_(page_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hulett Electric Ore Unloader, Toledo, Ohio, 1919" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hulett_Electric_Ore_Unloader%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_80c790080f86ceda34d1523b59c0597e_%28page_1%29.jpg/220px-Hulett_Electric_Ore_Unloader%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_80c790080f86ceda34d1523b59c0597e_%28page_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hulett_Electric_Ore_Unloader%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_80c790080f86ceda34d1523b59c0597e_%28page_1%29.jpg/330px-Hulett_Electric_Ore_Unloader%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_80c790080f86ceda34d1523b59c0597e_%28page_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hulett_Electric_Ore_Unloader%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_80c790080f86ceda34d1523b59c0597e_%28page_1%29.jpg/440px-Hulett_Electric_Ore_Unloader%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_80c790080f86ceda34d1523b59c0597e_%28page_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2375" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>Hulett Electric Ore Unloader, Toledo, Ohio, 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>Furnaces were not Wellman's only contribution to the steel industry. He was also instrumental in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Hulett" title="Hulett">Hulett unloader</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lifting_Iron_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lifting_Iron-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which allowed the unloading of <a href="/wiki/Taconite" title="Taconite">taconite</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> boats of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, particularly on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>. In addition to improvements on the Hulett unloader, other important inventions include an open hearth charging machine and a <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">hydraulic crane</a>. Following an unsuccessful venture with his half-brother, Wellman later founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wellman-Seaver-Morgan_Engineering_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Engineering Company (page does not exist)">Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Engineering Company</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellman-Seaver-Morgan_Engineering_Company" class="extiw" title="fr:Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Engineering Company">fr</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Financing_invention_during_the_second_industrial_revolution_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Financing_invention_during_the_second_industrial_revolution-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which continues under a different name to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partial_list_of_inventions">Partial list of inventions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Partial list of inventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US722066">Automatic bail gripping or locking device for electric cranes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US666123">Furnace charging apparatus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US682512">Open hearth steel furnace</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/?inventor=Samuel+T+Wellman">Complete list of patents on Google</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Wellman, S. T., (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lIG5y4OfuR0C">The early history of open-hearth steel manufacture in the united states</a>. <i>Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 23,</i> 78-98.</li> <li>Wellman, S. T., (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QGpLIWmDElgC">Iron and steel making</a>. In F. H. Newell & C. E. Drayer, (Eds.), <i>Engineering as a career: A series of papers by eminent engineers,</i> (pp. 81–88). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Transactions_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThe_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers1920" class="citation book cs1">The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transactionsame49engigoog"><i>Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers</i></a>. New York: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transactionsame49engigoog/page/n1153">1151</a>–1154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87263-105-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87263-105-2"><bdi>0-87263-105-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1151-1154&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft.date=1920&rft.isbn=0-87263-105-2&rft.au=The+American+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftransactionsame49engigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+T.+Wellman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-“St._George”_Westinghouse-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-“St._George”_Westinghouse_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWohleber1997" class="citation journal cs1">Wohleber, Curt (Winter 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120123143/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1997/3/1997_3_28.shtml">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"St. George" Westinghouse"</a>. <i>American Heritage</i>. <b>12</b> (3). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1997/3/1997_3_28.shtml">the original</a> on 2008-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=%22St.+George%22+Westinghouse&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Wohleber&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fit%2F1997%2F3%2F1997_3_28.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+T.+Wellman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1903_ASME_Council_Meeting_Photo_Riddle-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1903_ASME_Council_Meeting_Photo_Riddle_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaywood" class="citation web cs1">Haywood, Wilfred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asme.org/Communities/History/ASMEHistory/1903_Council_Meeting_Photo.cfm">"1903 ASME Council Meeting Photo Riddle"</a>. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1903+ASME+Council+Meeting+Photo+Riddle&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=Wilfred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asme.org%2FCommunities%2FHistory%2FASMEHistory%2F1903_Council_Meeting_Photo.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+T.+Wellman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wellman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wellman_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wellman, Joshua Wyman <i>Descendants of Thomas Wellman</i> (1918) Arthur Holbrook Wellman, Boston pp.69-72&455</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quiz_on_railroads-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quiz_on_railroads_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAssociation_of_American_Railroads1942" class="citation book cs1">Association of American Railroads (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaystation.com/1942/01.html"><i>Quiz on railroads and railroading : 400 questions, 400 answers</i></a>. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quiz+on+railroads+and+railroading+%3A+400+questions%2C+400+answers&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Association+of+American+Railroads&rft.date=1942&rft.au=Association+of+American+Railroads&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaystation.com%2F1942%2F01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+T.+Wellman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fifty_Years_of_Iron_and_Steel-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fifty_Years_of_Iron_and_Steel_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButler_Jr.1918" class="citation book cs1">Butler Jr., Joseph G. (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1TEKAAAAIAAJ"><i>Fifty Years of Iron and Steel</i></a>. Cleveland, OH: The Penton Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">70–</span>72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Years+of+Iron+and+Steel&rft.place=Cleveland%2C+OH&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E70-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.pub=The+Penton+Press&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Butler+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Joseph+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1TEKAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+T.+Wellman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lifting_Iron-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lifting_Iron_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSnow1987" class="citation journal cs1">Snow, Richard F. (Fall 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113155539/http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1987/2/1987_2_4.shtml">"Lifting Iron"</a>. <i>American Heritage</i>. <b>3</b> (2). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1987/2/1987_2_4.shtml">the original</a> on 2010-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=Lifting+Iron&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fit%2F1987%2F2%2F1987_2_4.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+T.+Wellman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Financing_invention_during_the_second_industrial_revolution-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Financing_invention_during_the_second_industrial_revolution_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLamoreaux,_Naomi_R.2004" class="citation web cs1">Lamoreaux, Naomi R.; et al. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050402232837/http://www.history.upenn.edu/PennEconomicForum/levenstein.pdf">"Financing invention during the second industrial revolution: Cleveland, Ohio 1870-1920"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.upenn.edu/PennEconomicForum/levenstein.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 2, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Financing+invention+during+the+second+industrial+revolution%3A+Cleveland%2C+Ohio+1870-1920&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Lamoreaux%2C+Naomi+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.upenn.edu%2FPennEconomicForum%2Flevenstein.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+T.+Wellman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Misa, T. J., (1995). <i>A Nation of Steel: The Making of Modern America, 1865-1925</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-6052-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-6052-0">0-8018-6052-0</a></li> <li>Sicilia, D. B. (1989). Samuel Thomas Wellman. In P. F. Paskoff, (Ed.), <i>Encyclopedia of American business history and biography: Iron and steel in the nineteenth century,</i> (pp. 359–363). New York: FactsOnFile. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-1890-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-1890-1">0-8160-1890-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.all-craftwellman.com">All-Craft Wellman Products Inc.</a> — Wellman's company today.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Template:Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Template talk:Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="American Society of Mechanical Engineers">Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1880–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Thurston" title="Robert Henry Thurston">Robert H. Thurston</a> (1880–1882)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin_Leavitt_Jr." title="Erasmus Darwin Leavitt Jr.">Erasmus D. Leavitt</a> (1883–1884)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Edson_Sweet" title="John Edson Sweet">John E. Sweet</a> (1884–1885)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josephus_Flavius_Holloway" title="Josephus Flavius Holloway">Josephus F. Holloway</a> (1885–1886)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Sellers_II" title="Coleman Sellers II">Coleman Sellers II</a> (1886–1887)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Herman_Babcock" title="George Herman Babcock">George H. Babcock</a> (1887–1888)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Horace_See" title="Horace See">Horace See</a> (1888–1889)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_R._Towne" title="Henry R. Towne">Henry R. Towne</a> (1889–1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Smith" title="Oberlin Smith">Oberlin Smith</a> (1890–1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Hunt" title="Robert W. Hunt">Robert W. Hunt</a> (1891–1892)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Harding_Loring" title="Charles Harding Loring">Charles H. Loring</a> (1892–1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eckley_Brinton_Coxe" title="Eckley Brinton Coxe">Eckley B. Coxe</a> (1893–1894)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._C._Davis" title="Edward F. C. Davis">Edward F. C. Davis</a> (1894–1895)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Billings" title="Charles E. Billings">Charles E. Billings</a> (1895–1896)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Fritz" title="John Fritz">John Fritz</a> (1896–1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Reed_Warner" title="Worcester Reed Warner">Worcester R. Warner</a> (1897–1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wallace_Hunt" title="Charles Wallace Hunt">Charles W. Hunt</a> (1898–1899)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Melville" title="George W. Melville">George W. Melville</a> (1899–1900)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900–1919</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hill_Morgan" title="Charles Hill Morgan">Charles H. Morgan</a> (1900–1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samuel T. Wellman</a> (1901–1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Reynolds_(engineer)" title="Edwin Reynolds (engineer)">Edwin Reynolds</a> (1902–1903)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Mapes_Dodge" title="James Mapes Dodge">James M. Dodge</a> (1903–1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Swasey" title="Ambrose Swasey">Ambrose Swasey</a> (1904–1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ripley_Freeman" title="John Ripley Freeman">John R. Freeman</a> (1905–1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor" title="Frederick Winslow Taylor">Frederick W. Taylor</a> (1906–1907)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Remsen_Hutton" title="Frederick Remsen Hutton">Frederick R. Hutton</a> (1907–1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Minard_Lafever_Holman" title="Minard Lafever Holman">Minard L. Holman</a> (1908–1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Merrick_Smith" title="Jesse Merrick Smith">Jesse M. Smith</a> (1909–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a> (1910–1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Daniel_Meier" title="Edward Daniel Meier">Edward D. Meier</a> (1911–1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Crombie_Humphreys" title="Alexander Crombie Humphreys">Alexander C. Humphreys</a> (1912–1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Freeman_Myrick_Goss" title="William Freeman Myrick Goss">William F. M. Goss</a> (1913–1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Hartness" title="James Hartness">James Hartness</a> (1914–1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Brashear" title="John Brashear">John Brashear</a> (1915–1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Schenk_Jacobus" title="David Schenk Jacobus">David S. Jacobus</a> (1916–1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ira_Nelson_Hollis" title="Ira Nelson Hollis">Ira N. Hollis</a> (1917–1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Main" title="Charles T. Main">Charles T. Main</a> (1918–1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Elwyn_Cooley" title="Mortimer Elwyn Cooley">Mortimer E. Cooley</a> (1919–1920)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920–1939</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_J._Miller" title="Fred J. Miller">Fred J. Miller</a> (1920–1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Salisbury_Carman" title="Edwin Salisbury Carman">Edwin S. Carman</a> (1921–1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dexter_S._Kimball" title="Dexter S. Kimball">Dexter S. Kimball</a> (1922–1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_L._Harrington" title="John L. Harrington">John L. Harrington</a> (1923–1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Low" title="Fred R. Low">Fred R. Low</a> (1924–1925)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Durand" title="William F. Durand">William F. Durand</a> (1925–1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Abbott" title="William L. Abbott">William L. Abbott</a> (1926–1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schwab" title="Charles M. Schwab">Charles M. Schwab</a> (1927–1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Dow" title="Alex Dow">Alex Dow</a> (1928–1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry" title="Elmer Ambrose Sperry">Elmer A. Sperry</a> (1929–1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Piez" title="Charles Piez">Charles Piez</a> (1930–1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_V._Wright" title="Roy V. Wright">Roy V. Wright</a> (1931–1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_N._Lauer" title="Conrad N. Lauer">Conrad N. Lauer</a> (1932–1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Abraham_Potter" title="Andrey Abraham Potter">A. A. Potter</a> (1933–1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Aaron_Langevin_Doty" title="Paul Aaron Langevin Doty">Paul Doty</a> (1934–1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Flanders" title="Ralph Flanders">Ralph E. Flanders</a> (1935–1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Loren_Batt" title="William Loren Batt">William L. Batt</a> (1936–1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Hervey_Herron" title="James Hervey Herron">James H. Herron</a> (1937–1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harvey_N._Davis" title="Harvey N. Davis">Harvey N. Davis</a> (1938–1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Christie" title="Alexander Graham Christie">Alexander G. Christie</a> (1939–1940)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Horton_McBryde" title="Warren Horton McBryde">Warren H. McBryde</a> (1940–1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Hanley" title="William A. Hanley">William A. Hanley</a> (1941–1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Wentworth_Parker" title="James Wentworth Parker">James W. Parker</a> (1942–1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_V._Coes" title="Harold V. Coes">Harold V. Coes</a> (1943–1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_McFarland_Gates" title="Robert McFarland Gates">Robert M. Gates</a> (1944–1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Davison_Bailey" title="Alex Davison Bailey">Alex D. Bailey</a> (1945–1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D._Robert_Yarnall" title="D. Robert Yarnall">David R. Yarnall</a> (1946–1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_W._O%27Brien" title="Eugene W. O'Brien">Eugene W. O'Brien</a> (1947–1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ervin_G._Bailey" title="Ervin G. Bailey">Ervin G. Bailey</a> (1948–1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_M._Todd" title="James M. Todd">James M. Todd</a> (1949–1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_D._Cunningham" title="James D. Cunningham">James D. Cunningham</a> (1950–1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Calvin_Brown" title="J. Calvin Brown">J. Calvin Brown</a> (1951–1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_J._S._Pigott" title="Reginald J. S. Pigott">Reginald J. Pigott</a> (1952–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Steele_Blackall_Jr." title="Frederick Steele Blackall Jr.">Frederick S. Blackall Jr.</a> (1953–1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_K._Sillcox" title="Lewis K. Sillcox">Lewis K. Sillcox</a> (1954–1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_William_Rowsen_Morgan" title="David William Rowsen Morgan">David W. Morgan</a> (1955–1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Warren_Barker" title="Joseph Warren Barker">Joseph W. Barker</a> (1956–1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_F._Ryan_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William F. Ryan (engineer) (page does not exist)">William F. Ryan</a> (1957–1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Nobel_Landis" title="James Nobel Landis">James N. Landis</a> (1958–1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_B._Warren" title="Glenn B. Warren">Glenn B. Warren</a> (1959–1960)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walker_Lee_Cisler" title="Walker Lee Cisler">Walker L. Cisler</a> (1960–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Bryne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William H. Bryne (page does not exist)">William H. Bryne</a> (1961–1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Harold_Shumaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Harold Shumaker (page does not exist)">Clifford H. Shumaker</a> (1962–1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_B._Smith" title="Ronald B. Smith">Ronald B. Smith</a> (1963–1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Otto_Bergman" title="Elmer Otto Bergman">Elmer O. Bergman</a> (1964–1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_N._Muller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry N. Muller (page does not exist)">Henry N. Muller</a> (1965–1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_H._Harlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James H. Harlow (page does not exist)">James H. Harlow</a> (1966–1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_N._Rowley_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis N. Rowley Jr. (page does not exist)">Louis N. Rowley Jr.</a> (1967–1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_F._Habach" title="George F. Habach">George F. Habach</a> (1968–1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Edward_Marlowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Edward Marlowe (page does not exist)">Donald E. Marlowe</a> (1969–1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_Franklin_Rhodes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allen Franklin Rhodes (page does not exist)">Allen F. Rhodes</a> (1970–1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Andrew_Roe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Andrew Roe (page does not exist)">Kenneth A. Roe</a> (1971–1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Folsom" title="Richard G. Folsom">Richard G. Folsom</a> (1972–1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a> (1973–1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard B. Robertson (page does not exist)">Richard B. Robertson</a> (1974–1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Tutt_III" title="Charles L. Tutt III">Charles L. Tutt III</a> (1975–1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earle_C._Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earle C. Miller (page does not exist)">Earle C. Miller</a> (1976–1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stothe_Peter_Kezios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stothe Peter Kezios (page does not exist)">Stothe P. Kezios</a> (1977–1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orval_Leroy_Lewis" title="Orval Leroy Lewis">Orval L. Lewis</a> (1978–1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Nelson_Zwiep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Nelson Zwiep (page does not exist)">Donald N. Zwiep</a> (1979–1980)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_E._Jones_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles E. Jones (engineer) (page does not exist)">Charles E. Jones</a> (1980–1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Gaither" title="Robert B. Gaither">Robert B. Gaither</a> (1981–1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Gratch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Gratch (page does not exist)">Serge Gratch</a> (1982–1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_M._Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank M. Scott (page does not exist)">Frank M. Scott</a> (1983–1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Kotnick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Kotnick (page does not exist)">George Kotnick</a> (1984–1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leroy_S._Fletcher" title="Leroy S. Fletcher">Leroy S. Fletcher</a> (1985–1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Deloye_Fitzroy" title="Nancy Deloye Fitzroy">Nancy D. Fitzroy</a> (1986–1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Rosenberg_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Rosenberg (engineer) (page does not exist)">Richard Rosenberg</a> (1987–1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Daman" title="Ernest L. Daman">Ernest L. Daman</a> (1988–1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_O._Velzy" title="Charles O. Velzy">Charles O. Velzy</a> (1989–1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_E._Bergles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur E. Bergles (page does not exist)">Arthur E. Bergles</a> (1990–1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_H._Hurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan H. Hurt (page does not exist)">Nathan H. Hurt</a> (1991–1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Falcon" title="Joseph A. Falcon">Joseph A. Falcon</a> (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._Fernandes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Fernandes (page does not exist)">John H. Fernandes</a> (1993–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Torpey" title="Paul J. Torpey">Paul J. Torpey</a> (1994–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_T._Koenig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel T. Koenig (page does not exist)">Daniel T. Koenig</a> (1995–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_J._Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard J. Goldstein (page does not exist)">Richard J. Goldstein</a> (1996–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_B._Thayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith B. Thayer (page does not exist)">Keith B. Thayer</a> (1997–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfred_M._Phillips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winfred M. Phillips (page does not exist)">Winfred M. Phillips</a> (1998–1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Nickell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Nickell (page does not exist)">Robert E. Nickell</a> (1999–2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_R._Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John R. Parker (page does not exist)">John R. Parker</a> (2000–2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Weiblen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William A. Weiblen (page does not exist)">William A. Weiblen</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Skemp" title="Susan Skemp">Susan H. Skemp</a> (2002–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_I._Vachon" title="Reginald I. Vachon">Reginald I. Vachon</a> (2003–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Armen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Armen (page does not exist)">Harry Armen</a> (2004–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_E._Feigel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard E. Feigel (page does not exist)">Richard E. Feigel</a> (2005–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_E._Shoup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terry E. Shoup (page does not exist)">Terry E. Shoup</a> (2006–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Y._Zamrik" title="Sam Y. Zamrik">Sam Y. Zamrik</a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_M._Barlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas M. Barlow (page does not exist)">Thomas M. Barlow</a> (2008–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_E._Holt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos E. Holt (page does not exist)">Amos E. Holt</a> (2009–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_T._Simmons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert T. Simmons (page does not exist)">Robert T. Simmons</a> (2010–2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Rockwell" title="Victoria Rockwell">Victoria Rockwell</a> (2011–2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Goldsmith" title="Marc Goldsmith">Marc Goldsmith</a> (2012–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madiha_Kotb" title="Madiha Kotb">Madiha Kotb</a> (2013–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Sims" title="J. Robert Sims">J. Robert Sims</a> (2014–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julio_C._Guerrero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julio C. Guerrero (page does not exist)">Julio C. Guerrero</a> (2015–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=K._Keith_Roe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. Keith Roe (page does not exist)">K. Keith Roe</a> (2016–2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charla_Wise" title="Charla Wise">Charla K. Wise</a> (2017–2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_Jahanmir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Said Jahanmir (page does not exist)">Said Jahanmir</a> (2018–2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Laudenat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Laudenat (page does not exist)">Richard Laudenat</a> (2019–2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="float:left;">2020–present</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan_A._Erler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bryan A. Erler (page does not exist)">Bryan A. Erler</a> (2020–2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahantesh_Hiremath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahantesh Hiremath (page does not exist)">Mahantesh Hiremath</a> (2021–2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Ohland" title="Karen Ohland">Karen Ohland</a> (2022-2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_R._Kurfess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas R. Kurfess (page does not exist)">Thomas R. Kurfess</a> (2023–2024)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Ipri-Brown" title="Susan Ipri-Brown">Susan Ipri-Brown</a> (2024–2025)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&oldid=1273349187">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&oldid=1273349187</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_steel_industry_businesspeople" title="Category:American steel industry businesspeople">American steel industry businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Engineers_from_Ohio" title="Category:Engineers from Ohio">Engineers from Ohio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_inventors" title="Category:American inventors">American inventors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Category:Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers">Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Cleveland" title="Category:Businesspeople from Cleveland">Businesspeople from Cleveland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1847_births" title="Category:1847 births">1847 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1919_deaths" title="Category:1919 deaths">1919 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Wareham,_Massachusetts" title="Category:People from Wareham, Massachusetts">People from Wareham, Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Norwich_University_alumni" title="Category:Norwich University alumni">Norwich University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_businesspeople" title="Category:19th-century American businesspeople">19th-century American businesspeople</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 February 2025, at 22:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_T._Wellman&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Samuel T. Wellman</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>1 language</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-47qsn","wgBackendResponseTime":174,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.397","walltime":"0.743","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2848,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":60268,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1719,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":42264,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 456.527 1 -total"," 28.95% 132.159 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 24.97% 113.995 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.54% 84.658 1 Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers"," 17.76% 81.096 1 Template:Navbox"," 17.02% 77.716 3 Template:Cite_book"," 16.25% 74.188 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.48% 52.393 4 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 8.58% 39.187 19 Template:Main_other"," 8.36% 38.171 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.230","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6010967,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-cb647db69-wnlvn","timestamp":"20250212010458","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Samuel T. Wellman","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_T._Wellman","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7412739","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7412739","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-01-25T22:47:16Z","dateModified":"2025-02-01T22:22:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d4\/Samuel_T_Wellman.jpg","headline":"American businessman"}</script> </body> </html>