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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanr%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_irad%C9%99si" title="Tanrının iradəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tanrının iradəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotan_nin_Dios" title="Kabotan nin Dios – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kabotan nin Dios" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntad_de_Dios" title="Voluntad de Dios – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Voluntad de Dios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Religious concept of God and creation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"God's plan" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/God%27s_Plan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="God's Plan (disambiguation)">God's Plan</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"God's will" redirects here. 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.sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Attributes of God in Christianity">Attributes of God<br /><small><small> in Christianity</small></small></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stained_glass,_Holy_Family_Church,_Teconnaught,_September_2010_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stained_glass%2C_Holy_Family_Church%2C_Teconnaught%2C_September_2010_crop.jpg/220px-Stained_glass%2C_Holy_Family_Church%2C_Teconnaught%2C_September_2010_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stained_glass%2C_Holy_Family_Church%2C_Teconnaught%2C_September_2010_crop.jpg/330px-Stained_glass%2C_Holy_Family_Church%2C_Teconnaught%2C_September_2010_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stained_glass%2C_Holy_Family_Church%2C_Teconnaught%2C_September_2010_crop.jpg/440px-Stained_glass%2C_Holy_Family_Church%2C_Teconnaught%2C_September_2010_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="1577" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Core attributes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omnibenevolence" title="Omnibenevolence">Omnibenevolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnipotence" title="Omnipotence">Omnipotence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnipresence" title="Omnipresence">Omnipresence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omniscience" title="Omniscience">Omniscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_eternity" title="God and eternity">Eternity</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Overarching attributes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aseity" title="Aseity">Aseity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Oneness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfection#Christian_monotheism" title="Perfection">Perfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Miscellaneous</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">Graciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacredness" title="Sacredness">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanence" title="Immanence">Immanence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immutability_(theology)" title="Immutability (theology)">Immutability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impassibility" title="Impassibility">Impassibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeccability" title="Impeccability">Impeccability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_incomprehensibility" title="Divine incomprehensibility">Incomprehensibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporeality" title="Incorporeality">Incorporeality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missio_Dei" title="Missio Dei">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteousness" title="Righteousness">Righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_simplicity" title="Divine simplicity">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Sovereignty of God in Christianity">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendence_(religion)" title="Transcendence (religion)">Transcendence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth#Christianity" title="Religious views on truth">Veracity</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Emotions expressed by God</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_jealousy" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine jealousy">Jealousy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Love of God in Christianity">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_mercy" title="Divine mercy">Mercy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_retribution" title="Divine retribution">Wrath</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Template:Attributes of God in Christianity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Template talk:Attributes of God in Christianity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Attributes of God in Christianity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>will of God</b> or <b>divine will</b> is a concept found in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, and a number of other texts and worldviews, according to which God's <a href="/wiki/Will_(philosophy)" title="Will (philosophy)">will</a> is the cause of everything that exists. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thomas_Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_of_God&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Thomas Aquinas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, God is the "Highest Good".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa Theologiae">Summa Theologiae</a></i> (question 6, article 3) affirms that "God alone is good essentially".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because in <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> there are <a href="/wiki/Dyophysitism" title="Dyophysitism">two natures</a>, the human and the divine one, Aquinas states that in him there are two distinct wills: the human will and the divine will.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Balthasar_Hubmaier">Balthasar Hubmaier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_of_God&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Balthasar Hubmaier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to early <a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a> theologian, <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Hubmaier" title="Balthasar Hubmaier">Balthasar Hubmaier</a>, God had two wills. One was called the "absolute" will and could never be changed, also called God's "hidden" will. The other, which could be accepted or rejected by people, was called the "ordained" will, also titled God's "Revealed" will. </p><p>The absolute will of God was paired with <a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination</a> while the ordained will was connected to verses in the Bible which seemed to imply <a href="/wiki/Free_will_in_theology" title="Free will in theology">free will</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Hubmaier's concept both Determinism & Free Will existed; a form of Theological <a href="/wiki/Compatibilism" title="Compatibilism">Compatibilism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islamic_discourse">Islamic discourse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_of_God&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Islamic discourse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>God's command (<i>amr</i>) is the creative act of God and what has been intended for the creation. In Islamic discourse, <a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazilism" title="Mu'tazilism">Mu'tazilites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'aris</a> disagree on God's will (<i>irāda</i>) and God's command. According to the Mu'tazilites, God's commands are genuine expressions of God's will, while Ash'arites generally disagree. The latter also point at the story of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Abraham</a> as an example, that God's command (to sacrifice his son) was not his will. The Mu'tazilites, on the other hand, insist that God's command and will are equal, and that God can both will and command only good.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Islamic philosopher <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a> (1165–1240) was opposed to the idea of Free Will, instead believing that God's will was absolutely Sovereign over all acts and that man's will didn't have any true existence.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asian_worldviews">Asian worldviews</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_of_God&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Asian worldviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Mongolian belief, the laws of the universe are an expression of God's will (<i>jayayan</i>). Sometimes, God may break its own usual laws and intervene by sending a chosen person to earth.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_of_God&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">Destiny</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deus_vult" title="Deus vult">Deus vult</a></i>, a Latin expression meaning "God wills it", canonically expressed at the outset of the First Crusade.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_law" title="Divine law">Divine law</a>, any law that, according to religious belief, comes directly from the will of God, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Man-made_law" title="Man-made law">man-made law</a>.</li> <li>"<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/God_willing" class="extiw" title="wikt:God willing">God willing</a>" is an English expression often used to indicate that the speaker hopes that his or her actions are those that are willed by God, or that it is in accordance with God's will that some desired event will come to pass, or that some negative event will not come to pass.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inshallah" title="Inshallah">Inshallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Piccarreta" title="Luisa Piccarreta">Luisa Piccarreta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashallah" title="Mashallah">Mashallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_of_salvation" title="Plan of salvation">Plan of salvation</a>, in general Christian concept. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plan_of_salvation_(Latter_Day_Saints)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plan of salvation (Latter Day Saints)">Plan of salvation (Latter Day Saints)</a> is the view of God's plan as described by the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providentialism" title="Providentialism">Providentialism</a> is the belief that all events on Earth are controlled by God.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_(philosophy)" title="Will (philosophy)">Will (philosophy)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_of_God&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isidore.co/aquinas/english/ContraGentiles1.htm">"Summa contra Gentiles, Book I, chapter 41"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230714043139/https://isidore.co/aquinas/english/ContraGentiles1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-09</span></span>. <q>From this conclusion we prove that God is the highest good.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summa+contra+Gentiles%2C+Book+I%2C+chapter+41&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisidore.co%2Faquinas%2Fenglish%2FContraGentiles1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWill+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aquinas101.thomisticinstitute.org/st-ia-q-6">"Article 3: Whether to be essentially good belongs to God alone?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610000952/https://aquinas101.thomisticinstitute.org/st-ia-q-6">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+3%3A+Whether+to+be+essentially+good+belongs+to+God+alone%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faquinas101.thomisticinstitute.org%2Fst-ia-q-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWill+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/summa/4018.htm">"Summa Theologiae, III, q. 18, a. 1"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230708083947/https://www.newadvent.org/summa/4018.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summa+Theologiae%2C+III%2C+q.+18%2C+a.+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F4018.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWill+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3653896">"JSTOR - The Absolute and Ordained Power of God in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Theology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3653896">3653896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JSTOR+-+The+Absolute+and+Ordained+Power+of+God+in+Sixteenth-+and+Seventeenth-Century+Theology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3653896%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3653896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWill+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarb2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schwarb, G. M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22997">"Amr (theology)"</a>. In Fleet, Kate; <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Krämer, Gudrun</a>; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; <a href="/wiki/Everett_K._Rowson" title="Everett K. Rowson">Rowson, Everett</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (3rd ed.). Brill Online. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_22997">10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22997</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1873-9830">1873-9830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amr+%28theology%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Brill+Online&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_22997&rft.issn=1873-9830&rft.aulast=Schwarb&rft.aufirst=G.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_22997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWill+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.iium.edu.my/shajarah/index.php/shaj/article/view/1389">"IIUM Journals - IBN ARABI AND HIS CHALLENGES ON THE ISSUE OF FREE WILL"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IIUM+Journals+-+IBN+ARABI+AND+HIS+CHALLENGES+ON+THE+ISSUE+OF+FREE+WILL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.iium.edu.my%2Fshajarah%2Findex.php%2Fshaj%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWill+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BANZAROV, Dorji; NATTIER, Jan; KRUEGER, John R. The Black faith, or Shamanism among the Mongols. Mongolian Studies, 1981, S. 53-91.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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