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physiology</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: muscle physiology"> <meta name="keywords" content="muscle physiology"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="muscle physiology"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 913</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: muscle physiology</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">913</span> Effect of Two Bouts of Eccentric Exercise on Knee Flexors Changes in Muscle-Tendon Lengths</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shang-Hen%20Wu">Shang-Hen Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Chen%20Lin"> Yung-Chen Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Song%20Chang"> Wei-Song Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Ju%20Lin"> Ming-Ju Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated whether the repeated bout effect (RBE) of knee flexors (KF) eccentric exercise would be changed in muscle-tendon lengths. Eight healthy university male students used their KF of non-dominant leg and performed a bout of 60 maximal isokinetic (30°/s) eccentric contractions (MaxECC1). A week after MaxECC1, all subjects used the same KF to perform a subsequent bout of MaxECC2. Changes in maximal isokinetic voluntary contraction torque (MVC-CON), muscle soreness (SOR), relaxed knee joint angle (RANG), leg circumference (CIR), and ultrasound images (UI; muscle-tendon length and muscle angle) were measured before, immediately after, 1-5 days after each bout. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze all the dependent variables. After MaxECC1, all the dependent variables (e.g. MVC-CON: ↓30%, muscle-tendon length: ↑24%, muscle angle: ↑15%) showed significantly change. Following MaxECC2, all the above dependent variables (e.g. MVC-CON：↓21%, tendon length: ↑16%, muscle angle: ↑6%) were significantly smaller than those of MaxECC1. These results of this study found that protective effect conferred by MaxECC1 against MaxECC2, and changes in muscle damage indicators, muscle-tendon length and muscle angle following MaxECC2 were smaller than MaxECC1. Thus, the amount of shift of muscle-tendon length and muscle angle was related to the RBE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentric%20exercise" title="eccentric exercise">eccentric exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximal%20isokinetic%20voluntary%20contraction%20torque" title=" maximal isokinetic voluntary contraction torque"> maximal isokinetic voluntary contraction torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repeated%20bout%20effect" title=" repeated bout effect"> repeated bout effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70166/effect-of-two-bouts-of-eccentric-exercise-on-knee-flexors-changes-in-muscle-tendon-lengths" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">912</span> Significance of Bike-Frame Geometric Factors for Cycling Efficiency and Muscle Activation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luen%20Chow%20Chan">Luen Chow Chan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the advocacy of green transportation and green traveling, cycling has become increasingly popular nowadays. Physiology and bike design are key factors for the influence of cycling efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the significance of bike-frame geometric factors on cycling efficiency and muscle activation for different body sizes of non-professional Asian male cyclists. Participants who represented various body sizes, as measured by leg and back lengths, carried out cycling tests using a tailor-assembled road bike with different ergonomic design configurations including seat-height adjustments (i.e., 96%, 100%, and 104% of trochanteric height) and bike frame sizes (i.e., small and medium frames) for an assessable distance of 1 km. A specific power meter and self-developed adaptable surface electromyography (sEMG) were used to measure average pedaling power and cadence generated and muscle activation, respectively. The results showed that changing the seat height was far more significant than the body and bike frame sizes. The sEMG data evidently provided a better understanding of muscle activation as a function of different seat heights. Therefore, the interpretation of this study is that the major bike ergonomic design factor dominating the cycling efficiency of Asian participants with different body sizes was the seat height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bike%20frame%20sizes" title="bike frame sizes">bike frame sizes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadence%20rate" title=" cadence rate"> cadence rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedaling%20power" title=" pedaling power"> pedaling power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seat%20height" title=" seat height"> seat height</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121431/significance-of-bike-frame-geometric-factors-for-cycling-efficiency-and-muscle-activation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">911</span> Optimal Rest Interval between Sets in Robot-Based Upper-Arm Rehabilitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virgil%20Miranda">Virgil Miranda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gissele%20Mosqueda"> Gissele Mosqueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Delgado"> Pablo Delgado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yimesker%20Yihun"> Yimesker Yihun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Muscular fatigue affects the muscle activation that is needed for producing the desired clinical outcome. Integrating optimal muscle relaxation periods into a variety of health care rehabilitation protocols is important to maximize the efficiency of the therapy. In this study, four muscle relaxation periods (30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds) and their effectiveness in producing consistent muscle activation of the muscle biceps brachii between sets of elbow flexion and extension task was investigated among a sample of 10 subjects with no disabilities. The same resting periods were then utilized in a controlled exoskeleton-based exercise for a sample size of 5 subjects and have shown similar results. On average, the muscle activity of the biceps brachii decreased by 0.3% when rested for 30 seconds, and it increased by 1.25%, 0.76%, and 0.82% when using muscle relaxation periods of 60, 90, and 120 seconds, respectively. The preliminary results suggest that a muscle relaxation period of about 60 seconds is needed for optimal continuous muscle activation within rehabilitation regimens. Robot-based rehabilitation is good to produce repetitive tasks with the right intensity, and knowing the optimal resting period will make the automation more effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rest%20intervals" title="rest intervals">rest intervals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20biceps%20brachii" title=" muscle biceps brachii"> muscle biceps brachii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20rehabilitation" title=" robot rehabilitation"> robot rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147766/optimal-rest-interval-between-sets-in-robot-based-upper-arm-rehabilitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">910</span> Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Chronic Exercise and Myocytic Androgen Receptor Overexpression on Body Composition in Sprague dawley Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Barsky">Sabrina Barsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashley%20Monks"> Ashley Monks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In humans, exercise improves symptoms of various pathological states, although exercise adaptations seem to differ in response to sex. Skeletal muscle anabolism is thought to be regulated by androgen receptor (AR) through poorly specified mechanisms. Interactions of AR and exercise on muscle phenotype remain inconclusive in males, and undetermined in females. We hypothesized that sex differences in exercise adaptations are regulated by the androgenic system and the type of exercise performed. Here we examined interactions between a muscle-specific AR overexpression transgene (HSA-AR) and forced aerobic exercise paradigm on muscle and adipose exercise adaptation in male and female rats. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to examine body composition adaptations post 9-week exercise protocol. We replicated the effects of HSA-AR on body composition, with males only having increased % lean mass and reduced % fat mass (P<0.05). Aerobic exercise improved lean body phenotype significantly, with lesser indices of total and % fat mass (P<0.01) in both sexes. Sex-specific effects of exercise included decreased total body mass (P<0.01) in males and increased lean mass % (P<0.001) in females. Surprisingly, neither AR manipulation nor exercise affected bone parameters in either sex. This varied response in total mass and lean mass according to exercise presents a sexually dimorphic response to exercise. Neither sex showed an interaction between HSA-AR and forced aerobic exercise on body composition. Future work is proposed to examine the effects of exercise type (aerobic versus resistance) and the role of gonadal androgens in sexually dimorphic exercise-mediated mitochondrial adaptations. This work implicates the development of sex-specific exercise therapies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=androgen%20receptor" title="androgen receptor">androgen receptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20exercise" title=" forced exercise"> forced exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20physiology" title=" muscle physiology"> muscle physiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20dimorphism" title=" sexual dimorphism"> sexual dimorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105108/sexually-dimorphic-effects-of-chronic-exercise-and-myocytic-androgen-receptor-overexpression-on-body-composition-in-sprague-dawley-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">909</span> The Effect of Fibre Orientation on the Mechanical Behaviour of Skeletal Muscle: A Finite Element Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christobel%20Gondwe">Christobel Gondwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongtao%20Lu"> Yongtao Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudia%20Mazz%C3%A0"> Claudia Mazzà</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinshan%20Li"> Xinshan Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skeletal muscle plays an important role in the human body system and function by generating voluntary forces and facilitating body motion. However, The mechanical properties and behaviour of skeletal muscle are still not comprehensively known yet. As such, various robust engineering techniques have been applied to better elucidate the mechanical behaviour of skeletal muscle. It is considered that muscle mechanics are highly governed by the architecture of the fibre orientations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different fibre orientations on the mechanical behaviour of skeletal muscle.In this study, a continuum mechanics approach–finite element (FE) analysis was applied to the left bicep femoris long head to determine the contractile mechanism of the muscle using Hill’s three-element model. The geometry of the muscle was segmented from the magnetic resonance images. The muscle was modelled as a quasi-incompressible hyperelastic (Mooney-Rivlin) material. Two types of fibre orientations were implemented: one with the idealised fibre arrangement, i.e. parallel single-direction fibres going from the muscle origin to insertion sites, and the other with curved fibre arrangement which is aligned with the muscle shape.The second fibre arrangement was implemented through the finite element method; non-uniform rational B-spline (FEM-NURBs) technique by means of user material (UMAT) subroutines. The stress-strain behaviour of the muscle was investigated under idealised exercise conditions, and will be further analysed under physiological conditions. The results of the two different FE models have been outputted and qualitatively compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM-NURBS" title="FEM-NURBS">FEM-NURBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mooney-Rivlin%20hyperelastic" title=" Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic"> Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20architecture" title=" muscle architecture"> muscle architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22810/the-effect-of-fibre-orientation-on-the-mechanical-behaviour-of-skeletal-muscle-a-finite-element-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">908</span> The Effects of Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) towards Male Skeletal Muscle Mass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Faridz%20Ahmad">Mohd Faridz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirul%20Hakim%20Hasbullah"> Amirul Hakim Hasbullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) has been introduced to the world in the 19th and 20th centuries and has globally gained increasing attention on its usefulness. EMS is known as the application of electrical current transcutaneous to muscles through electrodes to induce involuntary contractions that can lead to the increment of muscle mass and strength. This study can be used as an alternative to help people especially those living a sedentary lifestyle to improve their muscle activity without having to go through a heavy workout session. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the effectiveness of EMS training in 5 weeks interventions towards male body composition. It was a quasi-experimental design, held at the Impulse Studio Bangsar, which examined the effects of EMS training towards skeletal muscle mass among the subjects. Fifteen subjects (n = 15) were selected to assist in this study. The demographic data showed that, the average age of the subjects was 43.07 years old ± 9.90, height (173.4 cm ± 9.09) and weight was (85.79 kg ± 18.07). Results showed that there was a significant difference on the skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.01 < 0.05), upper body (p = 0.01 < 0.05) and lower body (p = 0.00 < 0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis has been rejected in this study. As a conclusion, the application of EMS towards body composition can increase the muscle size and strength. This method has been proven to be able to improve athlete strength and thus, may be implemented in the sports science area of knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20composition" title="body composition">body composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMS" title=" EMS"> EMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20muscle%20mass" title=" skeletal muscle mass"> skeletal muscle mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36103/the-effects-of-electrical-muscle-stimulation-ems-towards-male-skeletal-muscle-mass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">907</span> Development of 3D Neck Muscle to Analyze the Effect of Active Muscle Contraction in Whiplash Injury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisha%20Nandlal%20Sharma">Nisha Nandlal Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julaluk%20Carmai"> Julaluk Carmai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saiprasit%20Koetniyom"> Saiprasit Koetniyom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Markert"> Bernd Markert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whiplash Injuries are mostly experienced in car accidents. Symptoms of whiplash are commonly reported in studies, neck pain and headaches are two most common symptoms observed. The whiplash Injury mechanism is poorly understood. In present study, hybrid neck muscle model were developed with a combination of solid tetrahedral elements and 1D beam elements. Solid tetrahedral elements represents passive part of the muscle whereas, 1D beam elements represents active part. To simulate the active behavior of the muscle, Hill-type muscle model was applied to beam elements. To simulate non-linear passive properties of muscle, solid elements were modeled with rubber/foam material model. Some important muscles were then inserted into THUMS (Total Human Model for Safety) THUMS was given a boundary conditions similar to experimental tests. The model was exposed to 4g and 7g rear impacts as these load impacts are close to low speed impacts causing whiplash. The effect of muscle activation level on occupant kinematics during whiplash was analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title="finite element model">finite element model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20activation" title=" muscle activation"> muscle activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THUMS" title=" THUMS"> THUMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whiplash%20injury%20mechanism" title=" whiplash injury mechanism"> whiplash injury mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42975/development-of-3d-neck-muscle-to-analyze-the-effect-of-active-muscle-contraction-in-whiplash-injury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">906</span> The Effect of Manual Acupuncture-induced Injury as a Mechanism Contributing to Muscle Regeneration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Ameis">Kamal Ameis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to further improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism of local injury that occurs after manual acupuncture needle manipulation, and that initiates the muscle regeneration process, which is essential for muscle maintenance and adaptation. Skeletal muscle is maintained by resident stem cells called muscle satellite cells. These cells are normally in quiescent state, but following muscle injury, they re-enter the cell cycle and execute a myogenic program resulting in muscle fiber regeneration. Our previous work in young rats demonstrated that acupuncture treatment induced injury that activated resident satellite (stem) cells, which leads to muscle regeneration. Skeletal muscle regeneration is an adaptive response to injury that requires a tightly orchestrated event between signaling pathways activated by growth factor and intrinsic regulatory program controlled by myogenic transcription factor. We identified several gene expressions uniquely important for muscle regeneration in response to acupuncture treatment at different time course using different biological techniques, including Immunocytochemistry, western blotting, and Real Time PCR. This study uses a novel but non-invasive model of injury induced by manual acupuncture to further our current understanding of regenerative mechanism of muscle stem cells. From a clinical perspective, this model of injury induced by manual acupuncture may be easily translatable into a clinical tool that can be used as an alternative to physical exercise for patients challenged by bed rest or forced inactivity. Finally, the knowledge gained from this research could be useful for studies of the local effects of various modalities of induced injury, such as the traditional method of healing by cupping (hijamah), which may enhanced muscle stem cells and muscle fiber regeneration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acupuncture" title="acupuncture">acupuncture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury" title=" injury"> injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20stem%20cells" title=" muscle stem cells"> muscle stem cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145713/the-effect-of-manual-acupuncture-induced-injury-as-a-mechanism-contributing-to-muscle-regeneration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">905</span> Effect of Resistance Training on Muscle Strength, IGF₁, and Physical Performance of Volleyball Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Menan%20M.%20Elsayed">Menan M. Elsayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20A.%20Heshmat"> Hussein A. Heshmat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is to assess the effect of resistance training on muscle strength and physical performance of volleyball players of Physical Education College, Helwan University. The researcher used the experimental method of pre-post measurements of one group of 10 volleyball players. The execution of the program was through the period of 12/8/2018 to 12/10/2018; included 24 training units, 3 training units weekly for 8 weeks. The training program revealed an improvement in post measurement of muscle strength, IGF₁ (insulin-like growth factor 1), and physical performance of players. It may be concluded that the resistance training may include changes in hormones and muscle fibers leading to hypertrophy of the muscle and physical performance. It is recommended to use the results of the study in rationing the loads and training programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IGF%E2%82%81" title="IGF₁">IGF₁</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20strength" title=" muscle strength"> muscle strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20performance" title=" physical performance"> physical performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20training" title=" resistance training"> resistance training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volleyball%20players" title=" volleyball players"> volleyball players</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91648/effect-of-resistance-training-on-muscle-strength-igf1-and-physical-performance-of-volleyball-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">904</span> Myoelectric Analysis for the Assessment of Muscle Functions and Fatigue Monitoring of Upper Extremity for Stroke Patients Performing Robot-Assisted Bilateral Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiao-Lung%20Chan">Hsiao-Lung Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Yi%20Wu"> Ching-Yi Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Zou%20Lin"> Yan-Zou Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yo%20Chiao"> Yo Chiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Ju%20Chang"> Ya-Ju Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robot-assisted bilateral arm training has demonstrated useful to improve motor control in stroke patients and save human resources. In clinics, the efficiency of this treatment is mostly performed by comparing functional scales before and after rehabilitation. However, most of these assessments are based on behavior evaluation. The underlying improvement of muscle activation and coordination is unknown. Moreover, stroke patients are easier to have muscle fatigue under robot-assisted rehabilitation due to the weakness of muscles. This safety issue is still less studied. In this study, EMG analysis was applied during training. Our preliminary results showed the co-contraction index and co-contraction area index can delineate the improved muscle coordination of biceps brachii vs. flexor carpiradialis. Moreover, the smoothed, normalized cycle-by-cycle median frequency of left and right extensor carpiradialis decreased as the training progress, implying the occurrence of muscle fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot-assisted%20rehabilitation" title="robot-assisted rehabilitation">robot-assisted rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strokes" title=" strokes"> strokes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20coordination" title=" muscle coordination"> muscle coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33805/myoelectric-analysis-for-the-assessment-of-muscle-functions-and-fatigue-monitoring-of-upper-extremity-for-stroke-patients-performing-robot-assisted-bilateral-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">903</span> Relationship Between Pain Intensity at the Time of the Hamstring Muscle Injury and Hamstring Muscle Lesion Volume Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grange%20Sylvain">Grange Sylvain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plancher%20Ronan"> Plancher Ronan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reurink%20Guustav"> Reurink Guustav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Croisille%20%20Pierre"> Croisille Pierre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edouard%20Pascal"> Edouard Pascal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary objective of this study was to analyze the potential correlation between the pain experienced at the time of a hamstring muscle injury and the volume of the lesion measured on MRI. The secondary objectives were to analyze a correlation between this pain and the lesion grade as well as the affected hamstring muscle. We performed a retrospective analysis of the data collected in a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional cohort study (HAMMER). Patients with suspected hamstring muscle injury had an MRI after the injury and at the same time were evaluated for their pain intensity experienced at the time of the injury with a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) from 0 to 10. A total of 61 patients were included in the present analysis. MRIs were performed in an average of less than 8 days. There was a significant correlation between pain and the injury volume (r=0.287; p=0.025). There was no significant correlation between the pain and the lesion grade (p>0.05), nor between the pain and affected hamstring muscle (p>0.05). Pain at the time of injury appeared to be correlated with the volume of muscle affected. These results confirm the value of a clinical approach in the initial evaluation of hamstring injuries to better select patients eligible for further imaging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hamstring%20muscle%20injury" title="hamstring muscle injury">hamstring muscle injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20lesion" title=" volume lesion"> volume lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151885/relationship-between-pain-intensity-at-the-time-of-the-hamstring-muscle-injury-and-hamstring-muscle-lesion-volume-measured-by-magnetic-resonance-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">902</span> Acute Effects of Active Dynamic, Static Stretching and Passive Static Stretching Exercise on Hamstrings Flexibility and Muscle Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20Tse%20Wang">Yi Tse Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che%20Hsiu%20Chen"> Che Hsiu Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zih%20Jian%20Huang"> Zih Jian Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hon%20Wen%20Cheng"> Hon Wen Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stretching treatments enhanced flexibility. On the other hand, decreases in hamstrings strength have been reported after stretching, especially with static stretching or passive stretching. Stretching has been shown to be more effective than static stretching to improve muscle performance, but a clear consensus for the effect of dynamic stretching on muscle performance has not been achieved. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of a dynamic stretching, static stretching and eccentric exercise protocol on hamstrings stiffness, flexibility and muscle strength. Forty-five healthy active men (height 179.9 cm; weight 71.5 kg; age 22.5 years) were participated in 3 randomly ordered testing sessions: dynamic stretching (DS), active static stretching (ASS), and passive static stretching (PSS). All the stretch were performed 30 seconds and repeated 6 times. There was a 30-second interval between repetitions. The outcome measures were isokinetic concentric contraction (60°/s), eccentric contraction (30°/s) peak torque, muscle flexibility after stretching. The results showed that the muscle flexibility (3.6%, 3.9% and 1.59%, respectively) increased significantly after DS, PSS and ASS. Hamstring isokinetic concentric peak torque (-6.4%, -8.0% and -5.8%, respectively) and eccentric peak torque (-5.8%, -4.5% and -5.4%, respectively) decreased significantly after DS, PSS and ASS. Hence, although the stretching protocols improve hamstrings flexibility immediately, reduced hamstring muscle eccentric and concentric peak torque. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hamstrings%20injury" title="hamstrings injury">hamstrings injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warm-up" title=" warm-up"> warm-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20performance" title=" muscle performance"> muscle performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20stretching" title=" muscle stretching"> muscle stretching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51723/acute-effects-of-active-dynamic-static-stretching-and-passive-static-stretching-exercise-on-hamstrings-flexibility-and-muscle-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">901</span> Effect of Grayanotoxins on Skeletal Muscle Cell C2C12</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayan%20Almofty">Bayan Almofty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuto%20Yamaki"> Yuto Yamaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadamasa%20Terai"> Tadamasa Terai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadahito%20Uto"> Sadahito Uto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Myopathy (muscles disease) treatment are expected in the field of regenerative medicine and applied research of cultured muscle to bio actuator is performed in Biomedical Engineering as applied research of cultured muscle. This study is about cultured myoblast C2C12 from mouse skeletal muscle and a mechanism of cultured muscle contraction by electric stimulation is investigated. Grayanotoxins (GTXs) belong to neurotoxins known to enhance the permeability of cell membrane for Na ions. Grayanotoxins are extracted from a famous Pieris japonica and Ericaceae as a phytotoxin. We investigated the functional role of GTXs on muscle cells (C2C12) contraction and membrane potential. A change in membrane potential is measured using a micro glass tube electrode contraction of myotubes is induced by applying an external electrical stimulation. The contraction and membrane potential change induced by injection of current using the micro glass electrode are also measured. From the result, contraction and membrane potential of muscle cells was affected by GTXs treatment, suggesting that the diverse chemical structures of GTXs are responsible for contraction and membrane potential of muscle cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20muscle" title="skeletal muscle">skeletal muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C2C12" title=" C2C12"> C2C12</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myoblast" title=" myoblast"> myoblast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myotubes" title=" myotubes"> myotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contraction" title=" contraction"> contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grayanotoxins" title=" Grayanotoxins"> Grayanotoxins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20potential" title=" membrane potential"> membrane potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurotoxins" title=" neurotoxins"> neurotoxins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytotoxin" title=" phytotoxin"> phytotoxin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22503/effect-of-grayanotoxins-on-skeletal-muscle-cell-c2c12" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">900</span> Learning Example of a Biomedical Project from a Real Problem of Muscle Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rezki">M. Rezki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Belaidi"> A. Belaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with a method of learning to solve a real problem in biomedical engineering from a technical study of muscle fatigue. Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles (viewpoint: anatomical and physiological). EMG is used as a diagnostics tool for identifying neuromuscular diseases, assessing low-back pain and muscle fatigue in general. In order to study the EMG signal for detecting fatigue in a muscle, we have taken a real problem which touches the tramway conductor the handle bar. For the study, we have used a typical autonomous platform in order to get signals at real time. In our case study, we were confronted with complex problem to do our experiments in a tram. This type of problem is recurring among students. To teach our students the method to solve this kind of problem, we built a similar system. Through this study, we realized a lot of objectives such as making the equipment for simulation, the study of detection of muscle fatigue and especially how to manage a study of biomedical looking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMG" title="EMG">EMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20platform" title=" health platform"> health platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductor%E2%80%99s%20tram" title=" conductor’s tram"> conductor’s tram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48636/learning-example-of-a-biomedical-project-from-a-real-problem-of-muscle-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">899</span> Identifying the Mindset of Deaf Benildean Students in Learning Anatomy and Physiology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Rieta%20Miranda">Joanne Rieta Miranda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning anatomy and physiology among Deaf Non-Science major students is a challenge. They have this mindset that Anatomy and Physiology are difficult and very technical. In this study, nine (9) deaf students who are business majors were considered. Non-conventional teaching strategies and classroom activities were employed such as cooperative learning, virtual lab, Facebook live, big sky, blood typing, mind mapping, reflections, etc. Of all the activities; the deaf students ranked cooperative learning as the best learning activity. This is where they played doctors. They measured the pulse rate, heart rate and blood pressure of their partner classmate. In terms of mindset, 2 out of 9 students have a growth mindset with some fixed ideas while 7 have a fixed mindset with some growth ideas. All the students passed the course. Three out of nine students got a grade of 90% and above. The teacher was evaluated by the deaf students as very satisfactory with a mean score of 3.54. This means that the learner-centered practices in the classroom are manifested to a great extent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deaf%20students" title="deaf students">deaf students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20anatomy%20and%20physiology" title=" learning anatomy and physiology"> learning anatomy and physiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20strategies" title=" teaching strategies"> teaching strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learner-entered%20practices" title=" learner-entered practices"> learner-entered practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76423/identifying-the-mindset-of-deaf-benildean-students-in-learning-anatomy-and-physiology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">898</span> A Study on Human Musculoskeletal Model for Cycle Fitting: Comparison with EMG</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoon-%20Ho%20Shin">Yoon- Ho Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Seung%20Choi"> Jin-Seung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Won%20Kang"> Dong-Won Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Woo%20Seo"> Jeong-Woo Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joo-Hack%20Lee"> Joo-Hack Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Young%20Kim"> Ju-Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Hyeok%20Kim"> Dae-Hyeok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Tae%20Yang"> Seung-Tae Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gye-Rae%20Tack"> Gye-Rae Tack </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is difficult to study the effect of various variables on cycle fitting through actual experiment. To overcome such difficulty, the forward dynamics of a musculoskeletal model was applied to cycle fitting in this study. The measured EMG data were compared with the muscle activities of the musculoskeletal model through forward dynamics. EMG data were measured from five cyclists who do not have musculoskeletal diseases during three minutes pedaling with a constant load (150 W) and cadence (90 RPM). The muscles used for the analysis were the Vastus Lateralis (VL), Tibialis Anterior (TA), Bicep Femoris (BF), and Gastrocnemius Medial (GM). Person’s correlation coefficients of the muscle activity patterns, the peak timing of the maximum muscle activities, and the total muscle activities were calculated and compared. BIKE3D model of AnyBody (Anybodytech, Denmark) was used for the musculoskeletal model simulation. The comparisons of the actual experiments with the simulation results showed significant correlations in the muscle activity patterns (VL: 0.789, TA: 0.503, BF: 0.468, GM: 0.670). The peak timings of the maximum muscle activities were distributed at particular phases. The total muscle activities were compared with the normalized muscle activities, and the comparison showed about 10% difference in the VL (+10%), TA (+9.7%), and BF (+10%), excluding the GM (+29.4%). Thus, it can be concluded that muscle activities of model & experiment showed similar results. The results of this study indicated that it was possible to apply the simulation of further improved musculoskeletal model to cycle fitting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal%20modeling" title="musculoskeletal modeling">musculoskeletal modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMG" title=" EMG"> EMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycle%20fitting" title=" cycle fitting"> cycle fitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20629/a-study-on-human-musculoskeletal-model-for-cycle-fitting-comparison-with-emg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">897</span> Contraction and Membrane Potential of C2C12 with GTXs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayan%20Almofty">Bayan Almofty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuto%20Yamaki"> Yuto Yamaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadamasa%20Terai"> Tadamasa Terai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadahito%20Uto"> Sadahito Uto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Culture techniques of skeletal muscle cells are advanced in the field of regenerative medicine and applied research of cultured muscle. As applied research of cultured muscle, myopathy (muscles disease) treatment is expected and development bio of actuator is also expected in biomedical engineering. Grayanotoxins (GTXs) is known as neurotoxins that enhance the permeability of cell membrane for Na ions. Grayanotoxins are extracted from a famous Pieris japonica and Ericaceae as well as a phytotoxin. In this study, we investigated the effect of GTXs on muscle cells (C2C12) contraction and membrane potential. Contraction of myotubes is induced by applied external electrical stimulation. Contraction and membrane potential change of skeletal muscle cells are induced by injection of current. We, therefore, concluded that effect of Grayanotoxins on contraction and membrane potential of C2C12 relate to acute toxicity of GTXs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20muscle%20cells%20C2C12" title="skeletal muscle cells C2C12">skeletal muscle cells C2C12</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grayanotoxins" title=" grayanotoxins"> grayanotoxins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contraction" title=" contraction"> contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20potential" title=" membrane potential"> membrane potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title=" acute toxicity"> acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pytotoxin" title=" pytotoxin"> pytotoxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motubes" title=" motubes "> motubes </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23536/contraction-and-membrane-potential-of-c2c12-with-gtxs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">896</span> Measurement of Rheologic Properties of Soft Tissue (Muscle Tissue) by Device Called Myotonometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Sifta">Petr Sifta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaclav%20Bittner"> Vaclav Bittner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kysela"> Martin Kysela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matej%20Kolar"> Matej Kolar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the research described in this work is to answer how to measure the rheologic (viscoelastic) properties tendo–deformational characteristics of soft tissue. The method would also resemble muscle palpation examination as it is known in clinical practice. For this purpose, an instrument with the working name “myotonometer” has been used. At present, there is lack of objective methods for assessing the muscle tone by viscous and elastic properties of soft tissue. That is why we decided to focus on creating or finding quantitative and qualitative methodology capable of specifying muscle tone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheologic%20properties" title="rheologic properties">rheologic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tendo%E2%80%93deformational%20characteristics" title=" tendo–deformational characteristics"> tendo–deformational characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity" title=" elasticity"> elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertonus" title=" hypertonus"> hypertonus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34403/measurement-of-rheologic-properties-of-soft-tissue-muscle-tissue-by-device-called-myotonometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">623</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">895</span> Relationship Between Muscle Mass and Insulin Resistance in Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatitis B</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ey%C3%BCp%20S.%20Akbas">Eyüp S. Akbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betul%20Ayaz"> Betul Ayaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beyza%20S.%20Haksever"> Beyza S. Haksever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sema%20Basat"> Sema Basat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We aimed to evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance, muscle mass and muscle strength in patients with Hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. In our study, there were 65 patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis in Child A and B group and 65 healthy control individual. Control group was chosen between patients who admitted to the internal medicine clinic and had no pathological values in a routine examination. Muscle mass index was calculated with bioimpedance analysis for both groups to determine muscle strength and muscle mass. Handgrip strength, arm, and calf circumference were measured. In both groups, HOMA-IR was calculated to determine insulin resistance. Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) value was detected 3,47±3,80 in the study group and 1,83±1,20 in control group. There were significant differences between the two groups in arm circumference, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol parameters. The correlation coefficient between muscle mass and insulin resistance was statistically insignificant, especially in the study group. In healthy individuals group and all the groups, there wasn’t a correlation between muscle mass and insulin resistance. The upper limit for HOMA-IR was determined as 3,2. In control group, %78,9 of individuals were in HOMA-IR ( < 3.2) group and %21,1 of them were in ( ≥ 3,2) group. In study group, %68,3 of individuals were in HOMA-IR ( < 3,2) group and %31.7 were in HOMA-IR ( ≥ 3,2) group. In our study, we did not find a relationship between muscle mass and insulin resistance in patients with liver cirrhosis. In the study group, we detected a positive relationship between muscle mass, handgrip strength, and calf circumference. We did not find a relationship between insulin resistance and handgrip strength in our study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cirrhosis" title="cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20B" title=" hepatitis B"> hepatitis B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Insulin%20resistance" title=" Insulin resistance"> Insulin resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20mass" title=" muscle mass"> muscle mass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104448/relationship-between-muscle-mass-and-insulin-resistance-in-cirrhotic-patients-with-hepatitis-b" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">894</span> Pain and Lumbar Muscle Activation before and after Functional Task in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%ADdia%20E.%20O.%20Cruz">Lídia E. O. Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriano%20P.%20C.%20Calvo"> Adriano P. C. Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renato%20J.%20Soares"> Renato J. Soares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Regiane%20A.%20Carvalho"> Regiane A. Carvalho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain may present altered movement patterns during functional activities. However, muscle behavior before and after performing a functional task with different load conditions is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study is to analyze lumbar muscle activity before and after performing the functional task of picking up and placing an object on the ground (with and without load) in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain. 20 subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain and 20 healthy subjects participated in this study. A surface electromyography was performed in the ilio-costal, longissimus and multifidus muscles to evaluate lumbar muscle activity before and after performing the functional task of picking up and placing an object on the ground, with and without load. The symptomatic participants had greater lumbar muscle activation compared to the asymptomatic group, more evident in performing the task without load, with statistically significant difference (p = 0,033) between groups for the right multifidus muscle. This study showed that individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain have higher muscle activation before and after performing a functional task compared to healthy participants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20low%20back%20pain" title="chronic low back pain">chronic low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20task" title=" functional task"> functional task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20muscles" title=" lumbar muscles"> lumbar muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20activity" title=" muscle activity"> muscle activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135179/pain-and-lumbar-muscle-activation-before-and-after-functional-task-in-nonspecific-chronic-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">893</span> Effect of Aging on the Second Law Efficiency, Exergy Destruction and Entropy Generation in the Skeletal Muscles during Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jale%20%C3%87atak">Jale Çatak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayram%20Y%C4%B1lmaz"> Bayram Yılmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Ozilgen"> Mustafa Ozilgen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The second law muscle work efficiency is obtained by multiplying the metabolic and mechanical work efficiencies. Thermodynamic analyses are carried out with 19 sets of arms and legs exercise data which were obtained from the healthy young people. These data are used to simulate the changes occurring during aging. The muscle work efficiency decreases with aging as a result of the reduction of the metabolic energy generation in the mitochondria. The reduction of the mitochondrial energy efficiency makes it difficult to carry out the maintenance of the muscle tissue, which in turn causes a decline of the muscle work efficiency. When the muscle attempts to produce more work, entropy generation and exergy destruction increase. Increasing exergy destruction may be regarded as the result of the deterioration of the muscles. When the exergetic efficiency is 0.42, exergy destruction becomes 1.49 folds of the work performance. This proportionality becomes 2.50 and 5.21 folds when the exergetic efficiency decreases to 0.30 and 0.17 respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging%20mitochondria" title="aging mitochondria">aging mitochondria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy%20generation" title=" entropy generation"> entropy generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy%20destruction" title=" exergy destruction"> exergy destruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20work%20performance" title=" muscle work performance"> muscle work performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20law%20efficiency" title=" second law efficiency"> second law efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62827/effect-of-aging-on-the-second-law-efficiency-exergy-destruction-and-entropy-generation-in-the-skeletal-muscles-during-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">892</span> Effects of Array Electrode Placement on Identifying Localised Muscle Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20R.%20Al-Mulla">Mohamed R. Al-Mulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bader%20Al-Bader"> Bader Al-Bader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firouz%20K.%20Ghaaedi"> Firouz K. Ghaaedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Sepulveda"> Francisco Sepulveda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface electromyography (sEMG) is utilised in numerous studies on muscle activity. In the beginning, single electrodes were utilised; however, the newest approach is to use an array of electrodes or a grid of electrodes to improve the accuracy of the recorded reading. This research focuses on electrode placement on the biceps brachii, using an array of electrodes placed longitudinal and diagonally on the muscle belly. Trials were conducted on four healthy males, with sEMG signal acquisition from fatiguing isometric contractions. The signal was analysed using the power spectrum density. The separation between the two classes of fatigue (non-fatigue and fatigue) was calculated using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI). Results show that higher separability between the fatigue content of the sEMG signal when placed longitudinally, in the same direction as the muscle fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20electrodes" title="array electrodes">array electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biceps%20brachii" title=" biceps brachii"> biceps brachii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode%20placement" title=" electrode placement"> electrode placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMG" title=" EMG"> EMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isometric%20contractions" title=" isometric contractions"> isometric contractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63793/effects-of-array-electrode-placement-on-identifying-localised-muscle-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">891</span> Simulation of a Three-Link, Six-Muscle Musculoskeletal Arm Activated by Hill Muscle Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafiseh%20Ebrahimi">Nafiseh Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Jafari"> Amir Jafari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of humanoid character is of great interest to researchers in the field of robotics and biomechanics. One might want to know the forces and torques required to move a limb from an initial position to the desired destination position. Inverse dynamics is a helpful method to compute the force and torques for an articulated body limb. It enables us to know the joint torques required to rotate a link between two positions. Our goal in this study was to control a human-like articulated manipulator for a specific task of path tracking. For this purpose, the human arm was modeled with a three-link planar manipulator activated by Hill muscle model. Applying a proportional controller, values of force and torques applied to the joints were calculated by inverse dynamics, and then joints and muscle forces trajectories were computed and presented. To be more accurate to say, the kinematics of the muscle-joint space was formulated by which we defined the relationship between the muscle lengths and the geometry of the links and joints. Secondary, the kinematic of the links was introduced to calculate the position of the end-effector in terms of geometry. Then, we considered the modeling of Hill muscle dynamics, and after calculation of joint torques, finally, we applied them to the dynamics of the three-link manipulator obtained from the inverse dynamics to calculate the joint states, find and control the location of manipulator’s end-effector. The results show that the human arm model was successfully controlled to take the designated path of an ellipse precisely. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arm%20manipulator" title="arm manipulator">arm manipulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hill%20muscle%20model" title=" hill muscle model"> hill muscle model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=six-muscle%20model" title=" six-muscle model"> six-muscle model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-link%20lodel" title=" three-link lodel"> three-link lodel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113960/simulation-of-a-three-link-six-muscle-musculoskeletal-arm-activated-by-hill-muscle-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">890</span> Assessment of Some Heavy Metals (Manganese, Copper, Nickel and Zinc) in Muscle and Liver of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Ilushi River, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20I.%20Izegaegbe">Joshua I. Izegaegbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Femi%20F.%20Oloye"> Femi F. Oloye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20E.%20Nasiru"> Catherine E. Nasiru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study determined the level of manganese, zinc, copper, and nickel in the liver and muscle of the African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus from Ilushi River, Edo State, Nigeria with a view to determining the extent of contamination. Heavy metal determination of digested fish samples was done using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The results show that the muscles and livers were contaminated to varying levels with the presence of some non-metallic elements. The heavy metal load revealed that zinc had the highest mean concentration of 0.217±0.008µg/g in liver and 0.130±0.006µg/g in muscle, while copper recorded the least concentration in liver 0.063±0.004µg/g and 0.027±0.003µg/gin muscle. The distribution of the heavy metals in the muscles and livers of Clarias gariepinus showed significant variations and the results also revealed that the concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu,Ni and Mn) found in the liver was higher than those found in the muscle. This indicates that the liver is a better accumulator of heavy metal in Clarias gariepinus than the muscles. On comparison with WHO/FAO/FEPA/USFDA standards, the study shows that the concentrations of heavy metals in liver and muscle were within permissible limits safe for human consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clarias%20gariepinus" title="clarias gariepinus">clarias gariepinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle" title=" muscle"> muscle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55440/assessment-of-some-heavy-metals-manganese-copper-nickel-and-zinc-in-muscle-and-liver-of-the-african-catfish-clarias-gariepinus-in-ilushi-river-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">889</span> The Lamination and Arterial Blood Supply of the Masseter Muscle of Camel (Camelus dromedarius)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsyed%20Fath%20Khalifa">Elsyed Fath Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samer%20Mohamed%20Daghash"> Samer Mohamed Daghash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was carried out to investigate the structure of the masseter muscle of camel and its attachments to the skull as well as the relationships with its arterial blood supply. Fourteen heads of clinically healthy camels of different ages and sexes were used in the present investigation. The both common carotid arteries of six specimens were cannulated and flushed with warm normal saline solution (0.9%) then injected with red colored neoprine (60%) latex in order to study the pattern of the blood supply to the masseter muscle. Two heads were injected with an eventually mixture of 75gm red lead oxide in 150cc latex and preserved in a cold room for 3-4 days then divided sagittaly along the median plane to avoid super imposition of the arteries. The arteries of the masseter muscle of each half were radiographed. Four heads were used in manual dissection to describe the laminar arrangement of the masseter muscle. The masseter muscle of the camel was very tendinous and was situated far caudally, which enable the camel to open its jaw very wide. In the camel, the masseter muscle was recognized into proper and improper masseter groups. The proper group included the first, second superficial, intermediate and deep masseter layers. The improper group consisted of maxillo-mandibularis and zygomatico-mandibularis. The remaining two heads were used for clearance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomy" title="anatomy">anatomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel" title=" camel"> camel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masseter" title=" masseter"> masseter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lamination" title=" lamination"> lamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20supply" title=" blood supply"> blood supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24944/the-lamination-and-arterial-blood-supply-of-the-masseter-muscle-of-camel-camelus-dromedarius" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">888</span> An Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation of Human Muscle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Saadati">Sina Saadati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Razzazi"> Mohammadreza Razzazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we have tried to present an agent-based model of human muscle. A suitable model of muscle is necessary for the analysis of mankind's movements. It can be used by clinical researchers who study the influence of motion sicknesses, like Parkinson's disease. It is also useful in the development of a prosthesis that receives the electromyography signals and generates force as a reaction. Since we have focused on computational efficiency in this research, the model can compute the calculations very fast. As far as it concerns prostheses, the model can be known as a charge-efficient method. In this paper, we are about to illustrate an agent-based model. Then, we will use it to simulate the human gait cycle. This method can also be done reversely in the analysis of gait in motion sicknesses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agent-based%20modeling%20and%20simulation" title="agent-based modeling and simulation">agent-based modeling and simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20muscle" title=" human muscle"> human muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait%20cycle" title=" gait cycle"> gait cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20sickness" title=" motion sickness"> motion sickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149021/an-agent-based-modeling-and-simulation-of-human-muscle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">887</span> Effect of Various Durations of Type 2 Diabetes on Muscle Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Yadav">Santosh Kumar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shobha%20Keswani"> Shobha Keswani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishat%20Quddus"> Nishat Quddus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohrab%20Ahmad%20Khan"> Sohrab Ahmad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuheb%20Ahmad%20Shiddiqui"> Zuheb Ahmad Shiddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varsha%20Chorsiya"> Varsha Chorsiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Early onset diabetes is more aggressive than the late onset diabetes. Diabetic individual has a greater spectrum of life period to suffer from its damage, complications, and long-term disability. This study aimed at assessing knee joint muscle performance under various durations of diabetes. Method and Materials: A total of 30 diabetic subjects (18 male and 12 females) without diabetic neuropathy were included for the study. They were divided into three groups with 5 years, 10 years and 15 years of duration of disease each. Muscle performance was evaluated through strength and flexibility. Peak torque for quadriceps muscle was measured using isokinetic dynamometer. Flexibility for quadriceps and hamstring muscles were measured through Ducan’s Elys test and 90/90 test. Results: The result showed significant difference in muscle strength (p<0.05), flexibility (p≤0.05) between groups. Discussion: Optimal muscle strength and flexibility are vital for musculoskeletal health and functional independence. Conclusion: The reduced muscle performance and functional impairment in nonneuropathic diabetic patients suggest that other mechanism besides neuropathy that contribute to altered biomechanics. These findings of this study project early management of these altered parameters through disease-specific physical therapy and assessment-based intervention. Clinical Relevance: Managing disability is more costly than managing disease. Prompt and timely identification and management strategy can dramatically reduce the cost of care for diabetic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20flexibility" title="muscle flexibility">muscle flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20performance" title=" muscle performance"> muscle performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20torque" title=" muscle torque"> muscle torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes" title=" type 2 diabetes"> type 2 diabetes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62880/effect-of-various-durations-of-type-2-diabetes-on-muscle-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">886</span> A Systematic Review on the Whole-Body Cryotherapy versus Control Interventions for Recovery of Muscle Function and Perceptions of Muscle Soreness Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Runners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Nolte">Michael Nolte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iwona%20Kasior"> Iwona Kasior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kala%20Flagg"> Kala Flagg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spiro%20Karavatas"> Spiro Karavatas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cryotherapy has been used as a post-exercise recovery modality for decades. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is an intervention which involves brief exposures to extremely cold air in order to induce therapeutic effects. It is currently being investigated for its effectiveness in treating certain exercise-induced impairments. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether WBC as a recovery intervention is more, less, or equally as effective as other interventions at reducing perceived levels of muscle soreness and promoting recovery of muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) from running. Methods: A systematic review of the current literature was performed utilizing the following MeSH terms: cryotherapy, whole-body cryotherapy, exercise-induced muscle damage, muscle soreness, muscle recovery, and running. The databases utilized were PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCO Host, and Google Scholar. Articles were included if they were published within the last ten years, had a CEBM level of evidence of IIb or higher, had a PEDro scale score of 5 or higher, studied runners as primary subjects, and utilized both perceived levels of muscle soreness and recovery of muscle function as dependent variables. Articles were excluded if subjects did not include runners, if the interventions included PBC instead of WBC, and if both muscle performance and perceived muscle soreness were not assessed within the study. Results: Two of the four articles revealed that WBC was significantly more effective than treatment interventions such as far-infrared radiation and passive recovery at reducing perceived levels of muscle soreness and restoring muscle power and endurance following simulated trail runs and high-intensity interval running, respectively. One of the four articles revealed no significant difference between WBC and passive recovery in terms of reducing perceived muscle soreness and restoring muscle power following sprint intervals. One of the four articles revealed that WBC had a harmful effect compared to CWI and passive recovery on both perceived muscle soreness and recovery of muscle strength and power following a marathon. Discussion/Conclusion: Though there was no consensus in terms of WBC’s effectiveness at treating exercise-induced muscle damage following running compared to other interventions, it seems as though WBC may at least have a time-dependent positive effect on muscle soreness and recovery following high-intensity interval runs and endurance running, marathons excluded. More research needs to be conducted in order to determine the most effective way to implement WBC as a recovery method for exercise-induced muscle damage, including the optimal temperature, timing, duration, and frequency of treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryotherapy" title="cryotherapy">cryotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20therapy%20intervention" title=" physical therapy intervention"> physical therapy intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20therapy" title=" physical therapy"> physical therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20body%20cryotherapy" title=" whole body cryotherapy"> whole body cryotherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138126/a-systematic-review-on-the-whole-body-cryotherapy-versus-control-interventions-for-recovery-of-muscle-function-and-perceptions-of-muscle-soreness-following-exercise-induced-muscle-damage-in-runners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">885</span> Effect of Hand Grip Strength on Shoulder Muscles Activity in Patients with Subacromial Impingement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20E.%20Abdelrahamn">Mohamed E. Abdelrahamn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Aly%20Hassan"> Mahmoud Aly Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sarhan"> Mohamed Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common shoulder disorder. Patients often complain from a decrease in electromyography (EMG) activity of the rotator cuff muscles especially the supraspinatus muscle during glenohumeral elevation. Objective: The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of applying 50% of maximum voluntary contraction of hand grip strength on the EMG activity of the shoulder muscles in patients with SIS. Methods: Thirty male and female patients participated in this study. Their ages ranged from 25 to 40 years. EMG activity of supraspinatus muscle and middle deltoid muscle was assessed without and with applying 50% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Results: A significant difference was found for both supraspinatus and middle deltoid muscles, indicating that the gripping resulted in increasing muscle activity. Conclusion: Applying 50% MVC of hand grip strength could increase the supraspinatus and middle deltoid muscles activity in patients of SIS. This might be useful in the development and monitoring of shoulder rehabilitation strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title="electromyography">electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supraspinatus%20muscle" title=" supraspinatus muscle"> supraspinatus muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deltoid%20muscle" title=" deltoid muscle"> deltoid muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subacromial%20impingement%20syndrome" title=" subacromial impingement syndrome"> subacromial impingement syndrome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49603/effect-of-hand-grip-strength-on-shoulder-muscles-activity-in-patients-with-subacromial-impingement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">884</span> Effect of Oral Immonoglobulin (IgY) Ingestion on Post Exercise Muscle Soreness and Muscle Damage Markers in Females</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bert%20H.%20Jacobson">Bert H. Jacobson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taylor%20Monaghan"> Taylor Monaghan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Sellers"> John Sellers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intense resistance-type activity generally elicits delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in individuals unaccustomed to such action. DOMS is a combination of contractile tissue microtrauma, osmotic pressure changes, alteration calcium regulation, and inflammation. Elevated muscle-specific enzyme creatine kinase (CK) is a marker of striated muscle damage. Avian immunoglobulin (IgY) mediates inflammation and may thereby reduce post-exercise DOMS. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of oral IgY and placebo (Pl) on CK, serum relevels, and perceived pain following induced DOMS. Methods: Healthy college-aged females (N=16) were randomly divided into an experimental group (IgY) and a control group (PL). CK serum levels were recorded followed by 14 days of supplementation of either IgY or Pl at the following doses: days 1-2 =4.5 g, days 3-5 =9.0 g, and days 6-14 =13.5 g. Following the 14 d, lower limb DOMS was induced using two methods of resistance training. After 48 hours, subjects reported for a second blood draw. Results: One-way ANOVA resulted in the IgY group posting significantly less (p < 0.05) serum CK than the PL group. Furthermore, the IgY group experienced significantly less post-test perceived soreness than the Pl group. Conclusion: IgY supplementation lessens muscle CK levels and perceived muscle soreness following exercise, possibly due to an anti-inflammatory effect. It was suggested that IgY may serve as a buffer for DOMS thereby allowing the participant to continue vigorous exercise without discomfort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle" title="muscle">muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soreness" title=" soreness"> soreness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum" title=" serum"> serum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87731/effect-of-oral-immonoglobulin-igy-ingestion-on-post-exercise-muscle-soreness-and-muscle-damage-markers-in-females" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20physiology&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20physiology&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20physiology&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20physiology&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20physiology&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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