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<span>1985–1999: Breakthrough and acclaim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1985–1999:_Breakthrough_and_acclaim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004–present:_Career_fluctuations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004–present:_Career_fluctuations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>2004–present: Career fluctuations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004–present:_Career_fluctuations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Style and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Feature_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feature_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Feature film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feature_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and nominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Zemeckis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="روبرت زيميكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت زيميكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9_%D4%B6%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Ռոպերթ Զեմեքիս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռոպերթ Զեմեքիս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemekis" title="Robert Zemekis – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Robert Zemekis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="রবার্ট জেমেকিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রবার্ট জেমেকিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81" title="Роберт Земекіс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Земекіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81" title="Робэрт Зэмэкіс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Робэрт Зэмэкіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Робърт Земекис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Земекис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%96%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Ρόμπερτ Ζεμέκις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόμπερτ Ζεμέκις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B2%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="رابرت زمکیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت زمکیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A0%80%EB%A9%94%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="로버트 저메키스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 저메키스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D4%B6%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Ռոբերտ Զեմեկիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Զեմեկիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1" title="רוברט זמקיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט זמקיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ ზემეკისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტ ზემეკისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Роберт Земекис – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Роберт Земекис" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Роберт Земекис – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Роберт Земекис" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Zemeckis" title="Robertus Zemeckis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_Zemekis" title="Roberts Zemekis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Roberts Zemekis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertas_Zemeckis" title="Robertas Zemeckis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Robertas Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="रॉबर्ट झेमेकिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रॉबर्ट झेमेकिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ ზემეკისი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რობერტ ზემეკისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="روبرت زيميكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت زيميكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Роберт Земекис – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Роберт Земекис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9" title="ロバート・ゼメキス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・ゼメキス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰੌਬਰਟ ਜ਼ਮੈਕਿਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੌਬਰਟ ਜ਼ਮੈਕਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="رابرٹ زیمکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رابرٹ زیمکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Земекис, Роберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Земекис, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B2%DB%8E%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="ڕۆبێرت زێمێکس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆبێرت زێمێکس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemekis" title="Robert Zemekis – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Robert Zemekis" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="โรเบิร์ต เซเม็กคิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โรเบิร์ต เซเม็กคิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81" title="Роберт Земекіс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Земекіс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Robert Zemeckis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B3%BD%E7%B1%B3%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF" title="罗伯特·泽米吉斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗伯特·泽米吉斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%94%E6%B9%9B%E7%B1%B3%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF" title="羅拔湛米基斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅拔湛米基斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%94%C2%B7%E6%B9%9B%E7%B1%B3%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF" title="羅拔·湛米基斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅拔·湛米基斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187364#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Robert_Zemeckis" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American filmmaker (born 1952)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Robert Zemeckis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Zemeckis_%22The_Walk%22_at_Opening_Ceremony_of_the_28th_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_(21835891403)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Robert_Zemeckis_%22The_Walk%22_at_Opening_Ceremony_of_the_28th_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_%2821835891403%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Robert_Zemeckis_%22The_Walk%22_at_Opening_Ceremony_of_the_28th_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_%2821835891403%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Robert_Zemeckis_%22The_Walk%22_at_Opening_Ceremony_of_the_28th_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_%2821835891403%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Robert_Zemeckis_%22The_Walk%22_at_Opening_Ceremony_of_the_28th_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_%2821835891403%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Robert_Zemeckis_%22The_Walk%22_at_Opening_Ceremony_of_the_28th_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_%2821835891403%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Robert_Zemeckis_%22The_Walk%22_at_Opening_Ceremony_of_the_28th_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_%2821835891403%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="2679" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Zemeckis in 2015</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Robert Lee Zemeckis</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-05-14</span>) </span>May 14, 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 72)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Bob Zemeckis<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts" title="Bachelor of Fine Arts">BFA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Film director</li> <li>producer</li> <li>screenwriter</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1972–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Trainor" title="Mary Ellen Trainor">Mary Ellen Trainor</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1980; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2000)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Zemeckis" title="Leslie Zemeckis">Leslie Zemeckis</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2001)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Accolades">Accolades</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Lee Zemeckis</b> (born May 14, 1952)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an American filmmaker known for directing and producing a range of successful and influential movies, often blending cutting-edge <a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual effects</a> with storytelling. He has received several accolades including an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> as well as nominations for five <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">British Academy Film Awards</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Daytime Emmy Award">Daytime Emmy Award</a>. </p><p>Zemeckis started his career directing the comedy films <i><a href="/wiki/I_Wanna_Hold_Your_Hand_(film)" title="I Wanna Hold Your Hand (film)">I Wanna Hold Your Hand</a></i> (1978), <i><a href="/wiki/Used_Cars" title="Used Cars">Used Cars</a></i> (1980), and <i><a href="/wiki/Romancing_the_Stone" title="Romancing the Stone">Romancing the Stone</a></i> (1984). He gained prominence directing the science-fiction comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)" title="Back to the Future (franchise)">Back to the Future</a></i> trilogy (1985–1990), the fantasy comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i> (1988), and the comedy-drama <i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i> (1994), the latter of which won <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has also directed the satirical black comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a></i> (1992), the science fiction film <i><a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></i> (1997), and the drama films <i><a href="/wiki/Cast_Away" title="Cast Away">Cast Away</a></i> (2000), <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_(2012_film)" title="Flight (2012 film)">Flight</a></i> (2012), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walk_(2015_film)" title="The Walk (2015 film)">The Walk</a></i> (2015), and <i><a href="/wiki/Allied_(film)" title="Allied (film)">Allied</a></i> (2016). His exploration of <a href="/wiki/Performance_capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance capture">performance capture</a> techniques can be seen in the animated films <i><a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)" title="The Polar Express (film)">The Polar Express</a></i> (2004) and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(2009_film)" title="A Christmas Carol (2009 film)">A Christmas Carol</a></i> (2009) as well as the action fantasy drama <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(2007_film)" title="Beowulf (2007 film)">Beowulf</a></i> (2007), and the drama <i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Marwen" title="Welcome to Marwen">Welcome to Marwen</a></i> (2018). He has collaborated with film composer <a href="/wiki/Alan_Silvestri" title="Alan Silvestri">Alan Silvestri</a> since 1984, and directed <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> in five films. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Lee Zemeckis was born on May 14, 1952, in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Thomson_985_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomson_985-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the son of Rosa (née Nespeca)<sup id="cite_ref-arquata_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arquata-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Alphonse Zemeckis.<sup id="cite_ref-roseobit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roseobit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian-American</a> while his mother was <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian-American</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arquata_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arquata-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zemeckis grew up on the <a href="/wiki/South_Side,_Chicago" title="South Side, Chicago">South Side</a> of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended a <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> grade school and <a href="/wiki/Fenger_Academy_High_School_(Chicago)" title="Fenger Academy High School (Chicago)">Fenger Academy High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-achieve_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-achieve-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis has said "the truth was that in my family there was no art. I mean, there was no music, there were no books, there was no theater ... The only thing I had that was inspirational, was television—and it actually was."<sup id="cite_ref-achieve_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-achieve-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a child, he loved television and was fascinated by his parents' <a href="/wiki/8_mm_film" title="8 mm film">8 mm film</a> home movie camera. Starting off by filming family events like birthdays and holidays, he gradually began producing narrative films with his friends that incorporated <a href="/wiki/Stop-motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop-motion">stop-motion</a> work and other special effects. Along with enjoying movies, Zemeckis remained an avid TV viewer. "You hear so much about the problems with television," he said, "but I think that it saved my life." Television gave Zemeckis his first glimpse of a world outside of his blue-collar upbringing;<sup id="cite_ref-achieve_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-achieve-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specifically, he learned of the existence of <a href="/wiki/Film_school" title="Film school">film schools</a> on an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</a></i>. </p><p>After seeing <i><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(film)" title="Bonnie and Clyde (film)">Bonnie and Clyde</a></i> with his father,<sup id="cite_ref-castaway_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castaway-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis decided that he wanted to go to film school. His parents disapproved of the idea, Zemeckis later said, "But only in the sense that they were concerned ... for my family and my friends and the world that I grew up in, this was the kind of dream that really was impossible. My parents would sit there and say, 'Don't you see where you come from? You can't be a movie director.' I guess maybe some of it I felt I had to do in spite of them, too."<sup id="cite_ref-achieve_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-achieve-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zemeckis first attended <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University" title="Northern Illinois University">Northern Illinois University</a> in DeKalb, Illinois, and gained early experience in film as a film cutter for NBC News in Chicago during a summer break.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also edited commercials in his home state.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis applied to transfer from NIU to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>'s <a href="/wiki/USC_School_of_Cinematic_Arts" title="USC School of Cinematic Arts">School of Cinematic Arts</a> in Los Angeles, California, and went into the Film School on the strength of an essay and a music video based on a <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">Beatles</a> song. Not having heard from the university itself, Zemeckis called and was told he had been rejected because of his average grades. He gave an "impassioned plea" to the official on the other line, promising to go to summer school and improve his studies, and eventually convinced the school to accept him. </p><p>Arriving at USC that fall, Zemeckis encountered a program that was, in his words, made up of "a bunch of hippies [and] considered an embarrassment by the university". The classes were difficult, with professors constantly stressing how hard the movie business was. Zemeckis remembered not being much fazed by this, citing the "healthy cynicism" that had been bred into him from his Chicago upbringing.<sup id="cite_ref-achieve_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-achieve-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At USC Zemeckis met a fellow student, writer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gale" title="Bob Gale">Bob Gale</a>. Gale later recalled, "The graduate students at USC had this veneer of intellectualism ... So Bob and I gravitated toward one another because we wanted to make Hollywood movies. We weren't interested in the <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a>. We were interested in <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>, because that's how we grew up."<sup id="cite_ref-block_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-block-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis graduated from USC in 1973,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he and Gale cowrote the unproduced screenplays <i>Tank</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bordello_of_Blood" title="Bordello of Blood">Bordello of Blood</a></i>, which they pitched to <a href="/wiki/John_Milius" title="John Milius">John Milius</a>, the latter of which was later developed into a film which was released in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1978–1984:_Early_comedy_films"><span id="1978.E2.80.931984:_Early_comedy_films"></span>1978–1984: Early comedy films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1978–1984: Early comedy films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of winning a <a href="/wiki/Student_Academy_Awards" title="Student Academy Awards">Student Academy Award</a> at USC for his film <i>A Field of Honor</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis came to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>. Spielberg said, "He barged right past my secretary and sat me down and showed me this student film ... and I thought it was spectacular, with police cars and a riot, all dubbed to <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Bernstein" title="Elmer Bernstein">Elmer Bernstein</a>'s score for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Escape_(film)" title="The Great Escape (film)">The Great Escape</a></i>."<sup id="cite_ref-block_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-block-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spielberg became Zemeckis's mentor and executive produced his first two films, both of which Gale and Zemeckis co-wrote. </p><p>Spielberg produced <i><a href="/wiki/I_Wanna_Hold_Your_Hand_(film)" title="I Wanna Hold Your Hand (film)">I Wanna Hold Your Hand</a></i> (1978, starring <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Allen_(actress)" title="Nancy Allen (actress)">Nancy Allen</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Used_Cars" title="Used Cars">Used Cars</a></i> (1980, starring <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Russell" title="Kurt Russell">Kurt Russell</a>); both were critical, but not commercial, successes. <i>I Wanna Hold Your Hand</i> was the first of several Zemeckis films to incorporate historic figures and celebrities into his movies; he used archival footage and doubles to simulate the presence of the Beatles. After the failure of his first two films, and the Spielberg-directed <i><a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a></i> (1979) (written by Gale and Zemeckis), the pair gained a reputation for writing "scripts that everyone thought were great [but] somehow didn't translate into movies people wanted to see."<sup id="cite_ref-block_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-block-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of his reputation within the industry, Zemeckis had trouble finding work in the early 1980s, though he and Gale kept busy. They wrote scripts for other directors, including <i>Car Pool</i> for <a href="/wiki/Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a> and <i>Growing Up</i> for Spielberg; neither ended up getting made. Another Zemeckis-Gale project, <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i>, about a teenager who accidentally travels back in time to the 1950s, was turned down by every major studio.<sup id="cite_ref-horo_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horo-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The director was jobless until <a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> hired him in 1984 to direct <i><a href="/wiki/Romancing_the_Stone" title="Romancing the Stone">Romancing the Stone</a></i>. A romantic adventure starring Douglas and <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Turner" title="Kathleen Turner">Kathleen Turner</a>, <i>Stone</i> was expected to flop (to the point that, after viewing a rough cut of the film, the producers of the then-in-the-works <i><a href="/wiki/Cocoon_(film)" title="Cocoon (film)">Cocoon</a></i> fired Zemeckis as director),<sup id="cite_ref-horo_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horo-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the film became a sleeper hit. While working on <i>Romancing the Stone</i>, Zemeckis met composer <a href="/wiki/Alan_Silvestri" title="Alan Silvestri">Alan Silvestri</a>, who has scored all his subsequent pictures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1985–1999:_Breakthrough_and_acclaim"><span id="1985.E2.80.931999:_Breakthrough_and_acclaim"></span>1985–1999: Breakthrough and acclaim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1985–1999: Breakthrough and acclaim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zemeckis1997(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Zemeckis1997%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Zemeckis1997%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Zemeckis1997%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Zemeckis1997%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Zemeckis1997%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Overseeing the filming of <i>Contact</i> (1997)</figcaption></figure> <p>After <i>Romancing the Stone</i>, Zemeckis had the clout to direct his time-traveling screenplay. Starring <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lea_Thompson" title="Lea Thompson">Lea Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crispin_Glover" title="Crispin Glover">Crispin Glover</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a>, the 1985 film was wildly successful upon its release and was followed by two sequels, released as <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> in 1989 and <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Back to the Future Part III</a></i> in 1990. Before the <i>Back to the Future</i> sequels were released, Zemeckis collaborated with Disney and directed another film, the madcap 1940s-set mystery <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i>, which combined <a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">traditional animation</a> and live-action; its $70 million budget made it one of the most expensive films made up to that point. The film was both a financial and critical success and won three <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a>. In 1990, Zemeckis commented, when asked if he would want to make non-comedies, "I would like to be able to do everything. Just now, though, I'm too restless to do anything that's not really zany."<sup id="cite_ref-horo_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horo-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, Zemeckis directed the black comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldie_Hawn" title="Goldie Hawn">Goldie Hawn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Willis" title="Bruce Willis">Bruce Willis</a>. Although his next film would have some comedic elements, it was Zemeckis's first with dramatic elements and was also his biggest commercial success to date, <i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i>. Starring <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> in the title role, <i>Forrest Gump</i> tells the story of a man with a low <a href="/wiki/I.Q." class="mw-redirect" title="I.Q.">I.Q.</a>, who unwittingly participates in some of the major events of the twentieth century, falls in love, and interacts with several major historical figures in the process. The film grossed $677 million worldwide and became the top-grossing US film of 1994; it won six Academy Awards, including <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> (for Hanks) and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> (for Zemeckis). From this point, Hanks and Zemeckis became frequent collaborators.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, Zemeckis directed <i><a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></i>, a long-gestating project based on <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>'s 1985 <a href="/wiki/Contact_(novel)" title="Contact (novel)">novel of the same name</a>. The film centers on Eleanor Arroway (<a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a>), who believes she has made contact with extraterrestrials. In the early 1990s, he founded South Side Amusement Company, which later became <a href="/wiki/ImageMovers" title="ImageMovers">ImageMovers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this same time period, Zemeckis was an executive producer of <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_from_the_Crypt_(TV_series)" title="Tales from the Crypt (TV series)">Tales from the Crypt</a></i> (1989–1996) and directed three episodes. In 1999, Zemeckis donated $5 million towards the Robert Zemeckis Center for Digital Arts at USC, a 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m<sup>2</sup>) center. When the Center opened in March 2001, Zemeckis spoke in a panel about the future of film, alongside friends Steven Spielberg and <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>. Of those (including Spielberg) who clung to celluloid and disparaged the idea of shooting digitally, Zemeckis said, "These guys are the same ones who have been saying that <a href="/wiki/LP_album" class="mw-redirect" title="LP album">LPs</a> sound better than CDs. You can argue that until you're blue in the face, but I don't know anyone who's still buying vinyl. The film, as we have traditionally thought of it, is going to be different. But the continuum is man's desire to tell stories around the campfire. The only thing that keeps changing is the campfire."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Robert Zemeckis Center currently hosts many film school classes, much of the <a href="/wiki/USC_Interactive_Media_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="USC Interactive Media Division">Interactive Media Division</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trojan_Vision" title="Trojan Vision">Trojan Vision</a>, USC's student television station, which has been voted the number one college television station in the country. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Hanks_face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tom_Hanks_face.jpg/170px-Tom_Hanks_face.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tom_Hanks_face.jpg/255px-Tom_Hanks_face.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Tom_Hanks_face.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Zemeckis has collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> for five films</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1996, Zemeckis had begun developing a project titled <i>The Castaway</i> with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> and writer <a href="/wiki/William_Broyles_Jr." title="William Broyles Jr.">William Broyles Jr.</a> The story, inspired by <i><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a></i>, is about a man who becomes stranded on a tropical island and undergoes a profound physical and spiritual change.<sup id="cite_ref-lies_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lies-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While working on <i>The Castaway</i>, Zemeckis also became attached to a <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcockian</a> thriller titled <i><a href="/wiki/What_Lies_Beneath" title="What Lies Beneath">What Lies Beneath</a></i>, the story of a married couple experiencing an extreme case of <a href="/wiki/Empty_nest_syndrome" title="Empty nest syndrome">empty nest syndrome</a> that was based on an idea by Steven Spielberg.<sup id="cite_ref-pair_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pair-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because Hanks's character needed to undergo a dramatic weight loss over the course of <i>The Castaway</i> (retitled <i><a href="/wiki/Cast_Away" title="Cast Away">Cast Away</a></i> for release), Zemeckis decided that the only way to retain the same crew while Hanks lost the weight was to shoot <i>What Lies Beneath</i> in between. He shot the first part of <i>Cast Away</i> in early 1999, and shot <i>What Lies Beneath</i> in fall 1999, completing work on the former in early 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-pair_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pair-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis later quipped, when asked about shooting two films back-to-back, "I wouldn't recommend it to anyone."<sup id="cite_ref-lies_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lies-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>What Lies Beneath</i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Pfeiffer" title="Michelle Pfeiffer">Michelle Pfeiffer</a>, was released in July 2000 to mixed reviews, but did well at the box office, grossing over $155 million domestically. <i>Cast Away</i>, starring Hanks and <i><a href="/wiki/Twister_(1996_film)" title="Twister (1996 film)">Twister</a></i> actress <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hunt" title="Helen Hunt">Helen Hunt</a>, was released that December and grossed $233 million domestically;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanks received an Oscar nomination for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> for his portrayal of Chuck Noland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004–present:_Career_fluctuations"><span id="2004.E2.80.93present:_Career_fluctuations"></span>2004–present: Career fluctuations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2004–present: Career fluctuations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, Zemeckis reteamed with Hanks for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)" title="The Polar Express (film)">The Polar Express</a></i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Chris_Van_Allsburg" title="Chris Van Allsburg">Chris Van Allsburg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express" title="The Polar Express">children's book of the same name</a>. <i>The Polar Express</i> utilized the <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">computer animation</a> technique known as <a href="/wiki/Performance_capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance capture">performance capture</a>, whereby the movements of the actors are captured digitally and used as the basis for the animated characters. As the first major film to use performance capture, <i>The Polar Express</i> caused <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> to write that, "Whatever critics and audiences make of this movie, from a technical perspective it could mark a turning point in the gradual transition from an analog to a digital cinema."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis served as an executive producer for <i><a href="/wiki/Monster_House_(film)" title="Monster House (film)">Monster House</a></i> (2006), a family-friendly horror comedy that used performance capture.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Lee_Zemeckis_(Walk_of_Fame_Star).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Robert_Lee_Zemeckis_%28Walk_of_Fame_Star%29.jpg/220px-Robert_Lee_Zemeckis_%28Walk_of_Fame_Star%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Robert_Lee_Zemeckis_%28Walk_of_Fame_Star%29.jpg/330px-Robert_Lee_Zemeckis_%28Walk_of_Fame_Star%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Robert_Lee_Zemeckis_%28Walk_of_Fame_Star%29.jpg/440px-Robert_Lee_Zemeckis_%28Walk_of_Fame_Star%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4454" data-file-height="2964" /></a><figcaption>Zemeckis's star on Walk of Fame, Hollywood, LA</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 2007, Zemeckis and <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(production)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walt Disney Studios (production)">Walt Disney Studios</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cook" title="Dick Cook">Dick Cook</a> announced plans for a new performance capture film company devoted to CG-created, 3-D movies.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company, <a href="/wiki/ImageMovers_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="ImageMovers Digital">ImageMovers Digital</a>, created films using the performance capture technology, with Zemeckis directing most of the projects which Disney distributed and marketed worldwide. Zemeckis used the performance capture technology again in his film, <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(2007_film)" title="Beowulf (2007 film)">Beowulf</a></i>, to retell the Anglo-Saxon <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">epic poem of the same name</a>. It featured <a href="/wiki/Ray_Winstone" title="Ray Winstone">Ray Winstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a>. <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a>, who co-wrote the adaptation with <a href="/wiki/Roger_Avary" title="Roger Avary">Roger Avary</a>, described the film as a "cheerfully violent and strange take on the Beowulf legend."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was released on November 16, 2007, to mostly positive reviews and grossed $196 million worldwide. In July 2007, <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> announced that Zemeckis had written a screenplay for <i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(2009_film)" title="A Christmas Carol (2009 film)">A Christmas Carol</a></i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>'s 1843 <a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">short story of the same name</a>, with plans to use performance capture and release it under the aegis of ImageMovers Digital. Zemeckis wrote the script with <a href="/wiki/Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a> in mind, and Carrey agreed to play a multitude of roles in the film, including <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Ebenezer Scrooge</a> as a young, middle-aged, and old man, and the three ghosts who haunt Scrooge.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film began production in February 2008 and was released on November 6, 2009, to mixed reviews<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and grossed $325 million at the box office. Actor <a href="/wiki/Gary_Oldman" title="Gary Oldman">Gary Oldman</a> also appeared in the film.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis is an avid supporter of 3-D Digital Cinema and has stated that since the 3-D presentations of <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(2007_film)" title="Beowulf (2007 film)">Beowulf</a></i>, all of his future films would be done in 3-D using digital <a href="/wiki/Motion_capture" title="Motion capture">motion capture</a>. He has reportedly backed away from that statement and said that the decision to use 3-D will be on a film-by-film basis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On August 19, 2009, it was reported that Zemeckis and his company were in talks with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Corps" title="Apple Corps">Apple Corps Ltd</a> to remake the animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(film)" title="Yellow Submarine (film)">Yellow Submarine</a></i> utilizing performance capture. However, on March 12, 2010, with Zemeckis's biggest Disney ally, former chairman Dick Cook, gone, and amid drastic cost-cutting by the new management team, Disney announced that it was ending its relationship with ImageMovers Digital.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The studio's final film, 2011's Zemeckis-produced <i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Needs_Moms" title="Mars Needs Moms">Mars Needs Moms</a></i>, was the second-worst box office failure in history, with a net loss of roughly $130 million. Zemeckis made his return to live-action filmmaking with <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_(2012_film)" title="Flight (2012 film)">Flight</a></i>, a 2012 drama for Paramount, starring <a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a>. On January 31, 2014, it was announced that a <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Back to the Future (musical)">stage</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical</a> adaptation of Zemeckis's first <i>Back to the Future</i> film was in production.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show would be co-written by original writers Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Gale, the musical would be "true to the spirit of the film without being a slavish remake".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Zemeckis_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Robert_Zemeckis_2013.jpg/180px-Robert_Zemeckis_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Robert_Zemeckis_2013.jpg/270px-Robert_Zemeckis_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Robert_Zemeckis_2013.jpg/360px-Robert_Zemeckis_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>Zemeckis with wife Leslie Harter, at the French premiere of <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_(2012_film)" title="Flight (2012 film)">Flight</a></i>, January 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 2008, <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i> revealed in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Petit" title="Philippe Petit">Philippe Petit</a> that Zemeckis was working with Petit to turn Petit's memoir <i>To Reach the Clouds</i> into a feature film.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, he directed <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walk_(2015_film)" title="The Walk (2015 film)">The Walk</a></i>, about Philippe Petit (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gordon-Levitt" title="Joseph Gordon-Levitt">Joseph Gordon-Levitt</a>) and his ambition to tightrope walk between the towers of the World Trade Center. <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Regency" class="mw-redirect" title="New Regency">New Regency</a> announced in February 2015 that Zemeckis would direct <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Allied_(film)" title="Allied (film)">Allied</a></i>, a romantic thriller set during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was released on November 23, 2016. Next, Zemeckis directed the fantasy drama <i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Marwen" title="Welcome to Marwen">Welcome to Marwen</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Steve_Carell" title="Steve Carell">Steve Carell</a>, which was released in December 2018 to mixed reviews and flopped at the box office.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis's film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_(2020_film)" title="The Witches (2020 film)">The Witches</a></i>, an adaptation of the Roald Dahl <a href="/wiki/The_Witches_(novel)" title="The Witches (novel)">novel of the same name</a>, premiered on October 22, 2020, on <a href="/wiki/HBO_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="HBO Max">HBO Max</a>, also to mixed reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 18, 2019, it was announced that Zemeckis is in talks to direct Disney's <a href="/wiki/Pinocchio_(2022_live-action_film)" title="Pinocchio (2022 live-action film)">live-action adaptation</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Pinocchio_(1940_film)" title="Pinocchio (1940 film)">Pinocchio</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zemeckis was officially announced as the film's director and co-writer of the script in January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> was reportedly announced as playing <a href="/wiki/Mister_Geppetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Mister Geppetto">Mister Geppetto</a> in the film, marking the fourth collaboration with Hanks since <i>Forrest Gump</i>, <i>Cast Away</i>, and <i>The Polar Express</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was later released, as part of <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B_Day" title="Disney+ Day">Disney+ Day</a> on <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a>, on September 8, 2022, to highly negative reviews from critics, nominated for six <a href="/wiki/Razzies" class="mw-redirect" title="Razzies">Razzies</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Worst_Picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Worst Picture">Worst Picture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Director" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Director">Worst Director</a> for Zemeckis ("winning" <a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Remake,_Rip-off_or_Sequel" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Remake, Rip-off or Sequel">Worst Remake</a>), ultimately losing the former to <i><a href="/wiki/Blonde_(2022_film)" title="Blonde (2022 film)">Blonde</a></i>. Despite this, it also received a <a href="/wiki/Visual_Effects_Society_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Effects Society Award">Visual Effects Society Award</a> nomination for Outstanding Animated Character in a Photoreal Feature. </p><p>On February 17, 2022, Zemeckis signed on to direct <i>Here</i>, an adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Here_(comics)" title="Here (comics)">graphic novel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_McGuire" title="Richard McGuire">Richard McGuire</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> set to star and <i>Forrest Gump</i> screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Eric_Roth" title="Eric Roth">Eric Roth</a> working on the screenplay with Zemeckis.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 11, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Robin_Wright" title="Robin Wright">Robin Wright</a> had been cast and that <a href="/wiki/TriStar_Pictures" title="TriStar Pictures">TriStar Pictures</a> had acquired distribution rights for the United States, with <a href="/wiki/Miramax" title="Miramax">Miramax</a> handling international sales and production expected to begin in September 2022 for a theatrical release in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 31, 2024, Zemeckis, during an appearance on Josh Horowitz's <i>Happy Sad Confused</i> podcast to promote <i>Here</i>, hinted at his plans to produce and direct a film adaptation of the stage musical version of <i>Back to the Future</i> that would also serve as a remake of the original film. Universal has yet to green-light the project after an initial rejection of Zemeckis' pitch to the studio.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_recognition">Style and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Style and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zemeckis is regarded as an innovator in <a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual effects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His exploration of state-of-the-art special effects includes the early use of <a href="/wiki/Match_moving" title="Match moving">computer graphics inserted into live-action footage</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> (1989) and <i>Forrest Gump</i>, the insertion of hand-drawn animation into live-action footage in <i>Who Framed Roger Rabbit</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Performance_capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance capture">performance capture</a> techniques seen in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)" title="The Polar Express (film)">The Polar Express</a></i> (2004), <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(2007_film)" title="Beowulf (2007 film)">Beowulf</a></i> (2007), <i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(2009_film)" title="A Christmas Carol (2009 film)">A Christmas Carol</a></i> (2009), and <i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Marwen" title="Welcome to Marwen">Welcome to Marwen</a></i> (2018). He is known for his collaboration with composer <a href="/wiki/Alan_Silvestri" title="Alan Silvestri">Alan Silvestri</a>, with whom he has worked since <i>Romancing the Stone</i>. <a href="/wiki/David_Thomson_(film_critic)" title="David Thomson (film critic)">David Thomson</a>, a prominent film critic, wrote that "no other contemporary director has used special effects to more dramatic and narrative purpose."<sup id="cite_ref-Thomson_985_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomson_985-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zemeckis has said that, for a long time, he sacrificed his personal life in favor of a career. "I won an Academy Award when I was 44 years old," he explained, "but I paid for it with my 20s. That decade of my life from film school till 30 was nothing but work, nothing but absolute, driving work. I had no money. I had no life."<sup id="cite_ref-achieve_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-achieve-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1980s, Zemeckis married actress <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Trainor" title="Mary Ellen Trainor">Mary Ellen Trainor</a>, with whom he had a son, Alexander Francis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He described the marriage as difficult to balance with filmmaking,<sup id="cite_ref-achieve_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-achieve-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his relationship with Trainor eventually ended in divorce. On December 4, 2001, he married Leslie Harter, an actress,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with whom he has three children.<sup id="cite_ref-roseobit_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roseobit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zemeckis is a <a href="/wiki/Private_pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Private pilot">private pilot</a> who has logged approximately 1,600 hours of flight time, as of October 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flying a <a href="/wiki/Cirrus_SR22" title="Cirrus SR22">Cirrus SR22</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to campaign donation records, Zemeckis has frequently contributed to political candidates affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">PACs</a> that support the interests of aircraft owners and pilots, <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a> interests, and a group that advocates for Hollywood women.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (February 2023)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Short film</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th width="65">Director </th> <th width="65">Writer </th></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td><i>The Lift</i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td><i>A Field of Honor</i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feature_film">Feature film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Feature film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th width="65">Director </th> <th width="65">Writer </th> <th width="65">Producer </th></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/I_Wanna_Hold_Your_Hand_(film)" title="I Wanna Hold Your Hand (film)">I Wanna Hold Your Hand</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Used_Cars" title="Used Cars">Used Cars</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Romancing_the_Stone" title="Romancing the Stone">Romancing the Stone</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Story </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Back to the Future Part III</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Story </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1992 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Trespass_(1992_film)" title="Trespass (1992 film)">Trespass</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Executive </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bordello_of_Blood" title="Bordello of Blood">Bordello of Blood</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Story </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Executive </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2000 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/What_Lies_Beneath" title="What Lies Beneath">What Lies Beneath</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cast_Away" title="Cast Away">Cast Away</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)" title="The Polar Express (film)">The Polar Express</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(2007_film)" title="Beowulf (2007 film)">Beowulf</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(2009_film)" title="A Christmas Carol (2009 film)">A Christmas Carol</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_(2012_film)" title="Flight (2012 film)">Flight</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Walk_(2015_film)" title="The Walk (2015 film)">The Walk</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Allied_(film)" title="Allied (film)">Allied</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Marwen" title="Welcome to Marwen">Welcome to Marwen</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_(2020_film)" title="The Witches (2020 film)">The Witches</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Pinocchio_(2022_live-action_film)" title="Pinocchio (2022 live-action film)">Pinocchio</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Here_(2024_film)" title="Here (2024 film)">Here</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215345927">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{width:auto!important}}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{clear:none;float:left}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float-clear{clear:both}</style><div class="multicol-float" style="width:33em"> <p><b>Producer</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Demon_Knight" title="Demon Knight">Tales from the Crypt Presents: Demon Knight</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_on_Haunted_Hill_(1999_film)" title="House on Haunted Hill (1999 film)">House on Haunted Hill</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Ghosts" title="Thirteen Ghosts">Thirteen Ghosts</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Ship_(2002_film)" title="Ghost Ship (2002 film)">Ghost Ship</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gothika" title="Gothika">Gothika</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wax_(2005_film)" title="House of Wax (2005 film)">House of Wax</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prize_Winner_of_Defiance,_Ohio" title="The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio">The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reaping" title="The Reaping">The Reaping</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Needs_Moms" title="Mars Needs Moms">Mars Needs Moms</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215345927"><div class="multicol-float" style="width:33em"> <p><b>Executive producer</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Public_Eye_(film)" title="The Public Eye (film)">The Public Eye</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Frighteners" title="The Frighteners">The Frighteners</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matchstick_Men" title="Matchstick Men">Matchstick Men</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Holiday_(2006_film)" title="Last Holiday (2006 film)">Last Holiday</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monster_House_(film)" title="Monster House (film)">Monster House</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Burly_Q" title="Behind the Burly Q">Behind the Burly Q</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Real_Steel" title="Real Steel">Real Steel</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i>Bound by Flesh</i> (2012) (documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finch_(film)" title="Finch (film)">Finch</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div><div class="multicol-float-clear" style=""></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215345927"><div class="multicol-float" style="width:33em"> <p><b>Executive Soundtrack Producer</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Forrest Gump</i> (1994)</li></ul> </div><div class="multicol-float-clear" style=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th width="60">Director </th> <th width="60">Executive<br />producer </th> <th>Writer </th> <th>Creator </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Kolchak:_The_Night_Stalker" title="Kolchak: The Night Stalker">Kolchak: The Night Stalker</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">story </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Episode: "Chopper" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td><i>Used Cars</i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Unsold pilot </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Stories_(1985_TV_series)" title="Amazing Stories (1985 TV series)">Amazing Stories</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Episode: "Go to the Head of the Class" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989–1996 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_from_the_Crypt_(TV_series)" title="Tales from the Crypt (TV series)">Tales from the Crypt</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Executive producer: all episodes <p>Director: "And All Through the House", "Yellow", and "You, Murderer" </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991–1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(TV_series)" title="Back to the Future (TV series)"><i>Back to the Future</i></a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bago" title="Johnny Bago">Johnny Bago</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">story </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Episode: "Johnny Bago Free at Last" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td><i>The Pursuit of Happiness: Smoking,<br />Drinking and Drugging in the 20th Century</i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>TV documentary in the series "In the 20th Century"<sup id="cite_ref-tws2G44ee_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tws2G44ee-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor_(TV_series)" title="Medal of Honor (TV series)">Medal of Honor</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018–2023 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Manifest_(TV_series)" title="Manifest (TV series)">Manifest</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019–2020 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Project_Blue_Book_(TV_series)" title="Project Blue Book (TV series)">Project Blue Book</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/What/If" title="What/If">What/If</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Organizations </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Category </th> <th scope="col">Project </th> <th scope="col">Result </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Original Screenplay</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1994 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Awards">BAFTA Awards</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2">1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film">Best Film</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Original Screenplay</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2">1994 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film">Best Film</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Direction" title="BAFTA Award for Best Direction">Best Direction</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2004 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Children%27s_Award_for_Feature_Film" title="British Academy Children's Award for Feature Film">Best Feature Film</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)" title="The Polar Express (film)">The Polar Express</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="César Award">César Award</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/14th_C%C3%A9sar_Awards" title="14th César Awards">1988</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Film" title="César Award for Best Foreign Film">Best Foreign Film</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Film_Critics_Association" title="Chicago Film Critics Association">Chicago Film Critics Association</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1985 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1994 </td> <td><i>Forrest Gump</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2000 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cast_Away" title="Cast Away">Cast Away</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Daytime Emmy Award">Daytime Emmy Award</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/24th_Daytime_Emmy_Awards" title="24th Daytime Emmy Awards">1997</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Game_Show" title="Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show">Outstanding Game Show</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Cryptkeeper%27s_Haunted_House" title="Secrets of the Cryptkeeper's Haunted House">Secrets of the Cryptkeeper's Haunted House</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/41st_Directors_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="41st Directors Guild of America Awards">1989</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_%E2%80%93_Feature_Film" title="Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film">Outstanding Directing - Feature Film</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/47th_Directors_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="47th Directors Guild of America Awards">1994</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay">Best Screenplay</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1994 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Awards" title="Golden Raspberry Awards">Golden Raspberry Awards</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3">2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Picture" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture">Worst Picture</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><i><a href="/wiki/Pinocchio_(2022_live-action_film)" title="Pinocchio (2022 live-action film)">Disney's Pinocchio</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Director" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Director">Worst Director</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Screenplay" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screenplay">Worst Screenplay</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Film_Critics_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas Film Critics Society">Las Vegas Film Critics Society</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2000 </td> <td>Best Director </td> <td><i>Cast Away</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Venice_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice International Film Festival">Venice International Film Festival</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/42nd_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="42nd Venice International Film Festival">1985</a> </td> <td>Young Venice Award </td> <td><i>Back to the Future</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1988 </td> <td>Special Mention </td> <td><i>Who Framed Roger Rabbit</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="Writers Guild of America Awards">Writers Guild of America</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1985 </td> <td>Best Original Screenplay </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>In 1996, Zemeckis received the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> presented by Awards Council member <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1998, Zemeckis receied the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association" title="Los Angeles Film Critics Association">Los Angeles Film Critics Association</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1988_Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Awards" title="1988 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards">Special Achievement Award</a>.</li> <li>On November 5, 2004, Zemeckis received a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> for his work in Motion Picture at 6925 Hollywood Blvd.</li></ul> <p><b>Accolades received by individual films</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Year </th> <th rowspan="2">Title </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" width="160">Academy Awards </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" width="160">BAFTA Awards </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" width="160">Golden Globe Awards </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nominations </th> <th>Wins </th> <th>Nominations </th> <th>Wins </th> <th>Nominations </th> <th>Wins </th></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Romancing_the_Stone" title="Romancing the Stone">Romancing the Stone</a></i> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">2 </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> </td> <td align="center">4 </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">5 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i> </td> <td align="center">7 </td> <td align="center">3 </td> <td align="center">5 </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a></i> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i> </td> <td align="center">13 </td> <td align="center">6 </td> <td align="center">8 </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">7 </td> <td align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></i> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cast_Away" title="Cast Away">Cast Away</a></i> </td> <td align="center">2 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)" title="The Polar Express (film)">The Polar Express</a></i> </td> <td align="center">3 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_(2012_film)" title="Flight (2012 film)">Flight</a></i> </td> <td align="center">2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Allied_(film)" title="Allied (film)">Allied</a></i> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th align="center">36 </th> <th align="center">11 </th> <th align="center">22 </th> <th align="center">4 </th> <th align="center">20 </th> <th align="center">6 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CinemaScore#List_of_"A+"_films" title="CinemaScore">Directors with two films rated "A+" by CinemaScore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis%27_unproduced_projects" title="Robert Zemeckis' unproduced projects">Robert Zemeckis' unproduced projects</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zemeckis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAttanasio1985" class="citation news cs1">Attanasio, Paul (July 3, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/07/03/bob-zemeckis-zooming-ahead/e1064f4f-dd25-4f1e-a049-02799ef5869e/">"Bob Zemeckis, 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2021</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The skateboard associations and the BMX associations should be giving Bob Zemeckis, myself and Steven Spielberg lifetime achievement awards,' joked 'Back to the Future' screenwriter Bob Gale in an interview with The Associated Press ahead of the competitions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=At+Tokyo+Olympics%2C+a+debt+to+%27Back+to+the+Future%27+and+%27E.T.%27&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft.aulast=Leicester&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FEntertainment%2FwireStory%2Ftokyo-olympics-debt-back-future-79026318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Zemeckis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/hip-hop-and-rap-celebrity-entertainment-music-arts-and-entertainment-771ec34c1c9de832f1ac04213f78bca6">"Celebrity birthdays for the week of May 9–15"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 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October 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=Director+Robert+Zemeckis+comes+back+to+live-action+for+Flight&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2012%2F10%2F31%2Fdirector-robert-zemeckis-comes-back-to-live-action-for-flight.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Zemeckis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsmeat.com/celebrity_political_donations/Robert_Zemeckis.php">Robert Zemeckis profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403001522/http://www.newsmeat.com/celebrity_political_donations/Robert_Zemeckis.php">Archived</a> April 3, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, newsmeat.com; accessed August 27, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tws2G44ee-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tws2G44ee_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeisler1999" class="citation news cs1">Meisler, Andy (August 29, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/29/arts/television-radio-getting-down-to-what-makes-america-high.html?src=pm">"TELEVISION/RADIO; Getting Down to What Makes America High"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/I_Wanna_Hold_Your_Hand_(film)" title="I Wanna Hold Your Hand (film)">I Wanna Hold Your Hand</a></i> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Used_Cars" title="Used Cars">Used Cars</a></i> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Romancing_the_Stone" title="Romancing the Stone">Romancing the Stone</a> </i> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II">Back to the Future Part II</a> </i> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Back to the Future Part III</a> </i> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-Fisted_Tales_(film)" title="Two-Fisted Tales (film)">Two-Fisted Tales</a></i> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a></i> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> </i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></i> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/What_Lies_Beneath" title="What Lies Beneath">What Lies Beneath</a></i> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Cast_Away" title="Cast Away">Cast Away</a></i> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)" title="The Polar Express (film)">The Polar Express</a></i> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(2007_film)" title="Beowulf (2007 film)">Beowulf</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(2009_film)" title="A Christmas Carol (2009 film)">A Christmas Carol</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_(2012_film)" title="Flight (2012 film)">Flight</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Walk_(2015_film)" title="The Walk (2015 film)">The Walk</a></i> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)#Doc_Brown_Saves_the_World_(2015)" title="Back to the Future (franchise)">Doc Brown Saves the World</a></i> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Allied_(film)" title="Allied (film)">Allied</a></i> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Marwen" title="Welcome to Marwen">Welcome to Marwen</a></i> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_(2020_film)" title="The Witches (2020 film)">The Witches</a></i> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Pinocchio_(2022_live-action_film)" title="Pinocchio (2022 live-action film)">Pinocchio</a></i> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Here_(2024_film)" title="Here (2024 film)">Here</a></i> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a></i> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Trespass_(1992_film)" title="Trespass (1992 film)">Trespass</a></i> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Bordello_of_Blood" title="Bordello of Blood">Bordello of Blood</a></i> (1996)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Produced only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Demon_Knight" title="Demon Knight">Tales from the Crypt Presents: Demon Knight</a></i> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/House_on_Haunted_Hill_(1999_film)" title="House on Haunted Hill (1999 film)">House on Haunted Hill</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Ghosts" title="Thirteen Ghosts">Thirteen Ghosts</a></i> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Ship_(2002_film)" title="Ghost Ship (2002 film)">Ghost Ship</a></i> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gothika" title="Gothika">Gothika</a></i> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wax_(2005_film)" title="House of Wax (2005 film)">House of Wax</a></i> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prize_Winner_of_Defiance,_Ohio" title="The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio">The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio</a></i> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reaping" title="The Reaping">The Reaping</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Needs_Moms" title="Mars Needs Moms">Mars Needs Moms</a></i> (2011)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bago" title="Johnny Bago">Johnny Bago</a></i> (1993)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ImageMovers" title="ImageMovers">ImageMovers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dark_Castle_Entertainment" title="Dark Castle Entertainment">Dark Castle Entertainment</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Robert_Zemeckis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Robert_Zemeckis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Robert Zemeckis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borzage" title="Frank Borzage">Frank Borzage</a> (1927/28; Dramatic Picture)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Milestone" title="Lewis Milestone">Lewis Milestone</a> (1927/28; Comedy Picture)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd" title="Frank Lloyd">Frank Lloyd</a> (1928/29)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Milestone" title="Lewis Milestone">Lewis Milestone</a> (1929/30)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Taurog" title="Norman Taurog">Norman Taurog</a> (1930/31)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borzage" title="Frank Borzage">Frank Borzage</a> (1931/32)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd" title="Frank Lloyd">Frank Lloyd</a> (1932/33)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Fleming" title="Victor Fleming">Victor Fleming</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Curtiz" title="Michael Curtiz">Michael Curtiz</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Delbert_Mann" title="Delbert Mann">Delbert Mann</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Reed" title="Carol Reed">Carol Reed</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_J._Schaffner" title="Franklin J. Schaffner">Franklin J. Schaffner</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Roy_Hill" title="George Roy Hill">George Roy Hill</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_G._Avildsen" title="John G. Avildsen">John G. Avildsen</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hooper" title="Tom Hooper">Tom Hooper</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020/21)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chicago_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chicago_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chicago_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chicago_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chicago_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director">Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Haynes" title="Todd Haynes">Todd Haynes</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen_(director)" title="Steve McQueen (director)">Steve McQueen</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Miller_(filmmaker)" title="George Miller (filmmaker)">George Miller</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_–_Feature_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_Feature_Film" title="Template:Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_Feature_Film" title="Template talk:Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_Feature_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_–_Feature_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_%E2%80%93_Feature_Film" title="Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film">Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1948–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delbert_Mann" title="Delbert Mann">Delbert Mann</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Harvey" title="Anthony Harvey">Anthony Harvey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_J._Schaffner" title="Franklin J. Schaffner">Franklin J. Schaffner</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Roy_Hill" title="George Roy Hill">George Roy Hill</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Avildsen" title="John G. Avildsen">John G. Avildsen</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Marshall" title="Rob Marshall">Rob Marshall</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hooper" title="Tom Hooper">Tom Hooper</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Pal_Memorial_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="Template:The George Pal Memorial Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="Template talk:The George Pal Memorial Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The George Pal Memorial Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Pal_Memorial_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="The George Pal Memorial Award">George Pal Memorial Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">C. Dean Anderson (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Don Fanzo (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fay_Wray" title="Fay Wray">Fay Wray</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Badham" title="John Badham">John Badham</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Meyer" title="Nicholas Meyer">Nicholas Meyer</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Trumbull" title="Douglas Trumbull">Douglas Trumbull</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Band" title="Charles Band">Charles Band</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leibovit" title="Arnold Leibovit">Arnold Leibovit</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Cohen" title="Larry Cohen">Larry Cohen</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Marshall_(filmmaker)" title="Frank Marshall (filmmaker)">Frank Marshall</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wah_Chang" title="Wah Chang">Wah Chang</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Warren" title="Gene Warren">Gene Warren</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(film_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Kennedy (film producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Devlin" title="Dean Devlin">Dean Devlin</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wick" title="Douglas Wick">Douglas Wick</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Raimi" title="Sam Raimi">Sam Raimi</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Z._Arkoff" title="Samuel Z. Arkoff">Samuel Z. Arkoff</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen" title="Ray Harryhausen">Ray Harryhausen</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kurtzman" title="Alex Kurtzman">Alex Kurtzman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Orci" title="Roberto Orci">Roberto Orci</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Nicotero" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Nicotero">Gregory Nicotero</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kinberg" title="Simon Kinberg">Simon Kinberg</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Filoni" title="Dave Filoni">Dave Filoni</a> (2022/2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Director">Golden Globe Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1943–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_King_(director)" title="Henry King (director)">Henry King</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Benedek" title="László Benedek">László Benedek</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Logan" title="Joshua Logan">Joshua Logan</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer">Stanley Kramer</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jarrott" title="Charles Jarrott">Charles Jarrott</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hiller" title="Arthur Hiller">Arthur Hiller</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ross" title="Herbert Ross">Herbert Ross</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schnabel" title="Julian Schnabel">Julian Schnabel</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:Saturn Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Saturn Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Saturn Award for Best Director">Saturn Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (1974/75)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Curtis" title="Dan Curtis">Dan Curtis</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Kaufman" title="Philip Kaufman">Philip Kaufman</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Meyer" title="Nicholas Meyer">Nicholas Meyer</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Badham" title="John Badham">John Badham</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Dante" title="Joe Dante">Joe Dante</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Verhoeven" title="Paul Verhoeven">Paul Verhoeven</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1989/90)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roland_Emmerich" title="Roland Emmerich">Roland Emmerich</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Woo" title="John Woo">John Woo</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bay" title="Michael Bay">Michael Bay</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Wachowskis" title="The Wachowskis">Lilly Wachowski and Lana Wachowski</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Singer" title="Bryan Singer">Bryan Singer</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Raimi" title="Sam Raimi">Sam Raimi</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Singer" title="Bryan Singer">Bryan Singer</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zack_Snyder" title="Zack Snyder">Zack Snyder</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau" title="Jon Favreau">Jon Favreau</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Abrams" title="J. J. Abrams">J. J. Abrams</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Gunn" title="James Gunn">James Gunn</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Edwards_(director)" title="Gareth Edwards (director)">Gareth Edwards</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Coogler" title="Ryan Coogler">Ryan Coogler</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peele" title="Jordan Peele">Jordan Peele</a> (2018/2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Abrams" title="J. J. Abrams">J. J. Abrams</a> (2019/2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Reeves" title="Matt Reeves">Matt Reeves</a> (2021/2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (2022/2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Back_to_the_Future" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Back_to_the_Future" title="Template:Back to the Future"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Back_to_the_Future" title="Template talk:Back to the Future"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Back_to_the_Future" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Back to the Future"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Back_to_the_Future" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)" title="Back to the Future (franchise)">Back to the Future</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Back to the Future Part III</a></i> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_characters" title="List of Back to the Future characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marty_McFly" title="Marty McFly">Marty McFly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Brown" title="Emmett Brown">Emmett "Doc" Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biff_Tannen" title="Biff Tannen">Biff Tannen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Back_to_the_Future_franchise" title="Music of the Back to the Future franchise">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Love_(Huey_Lewis_and_the_News_song)" title="The Power of Love (Huey Lewis and the News song)">The Power of Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Doubleback" title="Doubleback">Doubleback</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_video_games" title="List of Back to the Future video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(1985_video_game)" title="Back to the Future (1985 video game)">Back to the Future</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(1989_video_game)" title="Back to the Future (1989 video game)">Back to the Future</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_(video_game)" title="Back to the Future Part II (video game)">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_%26_III" title="Back to the Future Part II & III">Back to the Future Part II & III</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III_(video_game)" title="Back to the Future Part III (video game)">Back to the Future Part III</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Game" title="Back to the Future: The Game">Back to the Future: The Game</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lego_Dimensions" title="Lego Dimensions">Lego Dimensions</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Funko_Fusion" title="Funko Fusion">Funko Fusion</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Ride" title="Back to the Future: The Ride">Theme park attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(TV_series)" title="Back to the Future (TV series)">TV series</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Pinball" title="Back to the Future: The Pinball">The Pinball</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformers/Back_to_the_Future" title="Transformers/Back to the Future"><i>Transformers</i> crossover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_in_Time_(2015_film)" title="Back in Time (2015 film)">Back in Time</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Musical" title="Back to the Future: The Musical">musical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DeLorean_time_machine" title="DeLorean time machine">DeLorean time machine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Great_Scott" title="Great Scott">Great Scott!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Valley_(Back_to_the_Future)" title="Hill Valley (Back to the Future)">Hill Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoverboard" title="Hoverboard">Hoverboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-tying_shoes" title="Self-tying shoes">Self-tying shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Earth_Day_Special" title="The Earth Day Special">The Earth Day Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rick_and_Morty" title="Rick and Morty">Rick and Morty</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_Mag" title="Nike Mag">Nike Mag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)" title="Category:Back to the Future (franchise)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winston_Groom&#039;s_Forrest_Gump" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Forrest_Gump" title="Template:Forrest Gump"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Forrest_Gump" title="Template talk:Forrest Gump"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Forrest_Gump" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Forrest Gump"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winston_Groom&#039;s_Forrest_Gump" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Groom" title="Winston Groom">Winston Groom</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump_(novel)" title="Forrest Gump (novel)">Forrest Gump</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump_(novel)" title="Forrest Gump (novel)">Forrest Gump</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gump_and_Co." title="Gump and Co.">Gump and Co.</a></i> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump_(character)" title="Forrest Gump (character)">Forrest Gump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i> (1994) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Forrest_Gump" title="List of accolades received by Forrest Gump">accolades</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laal_Singh_Chaddha" title="Laal Singh Chaddha">Laal Singh Chaddha</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump:_The_Soundtrack" title="Forrest Gump: The Soundtrack">Forrest Gump: The Soundtrack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump_%E2%80%93_Original_Motion_Picture_Score" title="Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score">Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gump_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gump (song)">Gump</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jack_Sparrow_(song)" title="Jack Sparrow (song)">Jack Sparrow</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Zemeckis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubba_Gump_Shrimp_Company" title="Bubba Gump Shrimp Company">Bubba Gump Shrimp Co.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dark_Castle_Entertainment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dark_Castle_Entertainment" title="Template:Dark Castle Entertainment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dark_Castle_Entertainment" title="Template talk:Dark Castle Entertainment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dark_Castle_Entertainment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dark Castle Entertainment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dark_Castle_Entertainment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dark_Castle_Entertainment" title="Dark Castle Entertainment">Dark Castle Entertainment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/House_on_Haunted_Hill_(1999_film)" title="House on Haunted Hill (1999 film)">House on Haunted Hill</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Ghosts" title="Thirteen Ghosts">Thirteen Ghosts</a></i> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Ship_(2002_film)" title="Ghost Ship (2002 film)">Ghost Ship</a></i> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gothika" title="Gothika">Gothika</a></i> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wax_(2005_film)" title="House of Wax (2005 film)">House of Wax</a></i> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reaping" title="The Reaping">The Reaping</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_House_on_Haunted_Hill" title="Return to House on Haunted Hill">Return to House on Haunted Hill</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/RocknRolla" title="RocknRolla">RocknRolla</a></i> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Run_Red_(2009_film)" title="The Hills Run Red (2009 film)">The Hills Run Red</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Orphan_(2009_film)" title="Orphan (2009 film)">Orphan</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Whiteout_(2009_film)" title="Whiteout (2009 film)">Whiteout</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ninja_Assassin" title="Ninja Assassin">Ninja Assassin</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Losers_(2010_film)" title="The Losers (2010 film)">The Losers</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Splice_(film)" title="Splice (film)">Splice</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Unknown_(2011_film)" title="Unknown (2011 film)">Unknown</a></i> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apparition_(2012_film)" title="The Apparition (2012 film)">The Apparition</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Factory_(2012_film)" title="The Factory (2012 film)">The Factory</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Bullet_to_the_Head" title="Bullet to the Head">Bullet to the Head</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Getaway_(2013_film)" title="Getaway (2013 film)">Getaway</a></i> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Suburbicon" title="Suburbicon">Suburbicon</a></i> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Seance_(2021_film)" title="Seance (2021 film)">Seance</a></i> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Orphan:_First_Kill" title="Orphan: First Kill">Orphan: First Kill</a></i> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Guy" title="Old Guy">Old Guy</a></i> (2024)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Shell_(2024_film)" title="Shell (2024 film)">Shell</a></i> (2024)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Breath_(2025_film)" title="Last Breath (2025 film)">Last Breath</a></i> (2025)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Silver" title="Joel Silver">Joel Silver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Zemeckis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Adler" title="Gilbert Adler">Gilbert Adler</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Castle" title="William Castle">William Castle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Downey" title="Susan Downey">Susan Downey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/StudioCanal" title="StudioCanal">StudioCanal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Pictures" title="Silver Pictures">Silver Pictures</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187364#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187364#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109347471">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/110566393">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/183991/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbM3yDQqr9bGqx4kXRFrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119248190">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85376871">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139461073">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139461073">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01200021">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36023733">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20050506031&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1166648">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071436855">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90894875">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000288948&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000305781">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201103219">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810648938305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007573291305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518964306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03684547?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1190726">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119248190">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059556919">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gt6hpw">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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