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Elektrane na valove – Wikipedija
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vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fizikalni_koncept" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fizikalni_koncept"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fizikalni koncept</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fizikalni_koncept-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izazovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izazovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izazovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izazovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potencijal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potencijal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Potencijal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potencijal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salterova_patka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salterova_patka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Salterova patka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salterova_patka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektrane_na_valove_na_morskoj_obali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektrane_na_valove_na_morskoj_obali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Elektrane na valove na morskoj obali</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elektrane_na_valove_na_morskoj_obali-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Elektrane na valove na morskoj obali</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elektrane_na_valove_na_morskoj_obali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ljuljajući_uređaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ljuljajući_uređaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ljuljajući uređaj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ljuljajući_uređaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektrane_na_valove_na_otvorenom_moru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektrane_na_valove_na_otvorenom_moru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Elektrane na valove na otvorenom moru</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elektrane_na_valove_na_otvorenom_moru-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Elektrane na valove na otvorenom moru</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elektrane_na_valove_na_otvorenom_moru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plutače" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plutače"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Plutače</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plutače-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arhimedova_valna_ljuljačka_(Archimedes_Wave_Swing_AWS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arhimedova_valna_ljuljačka_(Archimedes_Wave_Swing_AWS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Arhimedova valna ljuljačka (Archimedes Wave Swing AWS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arhimedova_valna_ljuljačka_(Archimedes_Wave_Swing_AWS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morska_zmija_(Pelamis)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morska_zmija_(Pelamis)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Morska zmija (Pelamis)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morska_zmija_(Pelamis)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-McCabova_crpka_na_valove" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#McCabova_crpka_na_valove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>McCabova crpka na valove</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-McCabova_crpka_na_valove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crijevna_crpka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crijevna_crpka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Crijevna crpka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crijevna_crpka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Čuškaš_(Flapper)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Čuškaš_(Flapper)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Čuškaš (Flapper)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Čuškaš_(Flapper)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poznate_elektrane_na_valove" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poznate_elektrane_na_valove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Poznate elektrane na valove</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poznate_elektrane_na_valove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elektrane na valove</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 43 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طاقة موجية – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاقة موجية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dal%C4%9Fa_enerjisi" title="Dalğa enerjisi – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dalğa enerjisi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Энергія хваль – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Энергія хваль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%9E" title="Энэргія хваляў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Энэргія хваляў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_de_les_onades" title="Energia de les onades – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Energia de les onades" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lgeenergi" title="Bølgeenergi – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bølgeenergi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_power" title="Wave power – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wave power" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_undimotriz" title="Energía undimotriz – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Energía undimotriz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laineenergia" title="Laineenergia – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laineenergia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olatu-energia" title="Olatu-energia – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Olatu-energia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="انرژی موج – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انرژی موج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaltovoima" title="Aaltovoima – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aaltovoima" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie_des_vagues" title="Énergie des vagues – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Énergie des vagues" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_undimotriz" title="Enerxía undimotriz – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enerxía undimotriz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אנרגיית גלים – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנרגיית גלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="तरंग शक्ति – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तरंग शक्ति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi_ombak" title="Energi ombak – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Energi ombak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_del_moto_ondoso" title="Energia del moto ondoso – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Energia del moto ondoso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8A%9B%E7%99%BA%E9%9B%BB" title="波力発電 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="波力発電" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Толқын энергиясы – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Толқын энергиясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84" title="파력 발전 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파력 발전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABros_bang%C5%B3_energija" title="Jūros bangų energija – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jūros bangų energija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C4%BC%C5%86u_ener%C4%A3ija" title="Viļņu enerģija – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viļņu enerģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9C" title="Бранова моќ – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бранова моќ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfenergie" title="Golfenergie – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Golfenergie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lgekraft" title="Bølgekraft – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bølgekraft" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%81%D9%BE%DB%90_%DA%81%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9_(%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA)" title="د ځپې ځواک (طاقت) – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ځپې ځواک (طاقت)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_das_ondas" title="Energia das ondas – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Energia das ondas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%C4%83_maremotric%C4%83" title="Centrală maremotrică – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Centrală maremotrică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Энергия волн океана – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энергия волн океана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrane_na_valove" title="Elektrane na valove – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektrane na valove" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_power" title="Wave power – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wave power" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_v%C4%BAn" title="Energia vĺn – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Energia vĺn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energjia_nga_dallg%C3%ABt" title="Energjia nga dallgët – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Energjia nga dallgët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Енергија мора – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енергија мора" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5gkraft" title="Vågkraft – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vågkraft" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கடல் அலை ஆற்றல் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடல் அலை ஆற்றல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="พลังงานคลื่น – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พลังงานคลื่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalga_enerjisi" title="Dalga enerjisi – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dalga enerjisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Енергія морських хвиль – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енергія морських хвиль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%C3%B3ng" title="Năng lượng sóng – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Năng lượng sóng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B5%AA%E8%83%BD" title="波浪能 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波浪能" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Elliptical_trajectory_on_ripples2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Elliptical_trajectory_on_ripples2.svg/200px-Elliptical_trajectory_on_ripples2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Elliptical_trajectory_on_ripples2.svg/300px-Elliptical_trajectory_on_ripples2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Elliptical_trajectory_on_ripples2.svg/400px-Elliptical_trajectory_on_ripples2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>Kad objekt pluta gore dolje mreška se u bazenu stvarajući eliptičnu putanju</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wave_motion-i18n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wave_motion-i18n.svg/200px-Wave_motion-i18n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wave_motion-i18n.svg/300px-Wave_motion-i18n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wave_motion-i18n.svg/400px-Wave_motion-i18n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>Gibanje čestice u oceanskom valu.<br />"A"=u dubokoj vodi.<br />"B"=u plitkoj vodi.<br />"1"=smjer vala.<br />"2"=vrh vala.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Elektrane na valove</b> su elektrane koje koriste energiju valova za proizvodnju električne energije. <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> valova je <a href="/wiki/Obnovljivi_izvor_energije" class="mw-redirect" title="Obnovljivi izvor energije">obnovljivi izvor energije</a>. To je energija uzrokovana najvećim dijelom djelovanjem vjetra o površinu <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceana</a>. Snaga valova se razlikuje od dnevnih mijena plime/oseke i stalnih cirkularnih oceanskih struja. Za korištenje energije valova moramo odabrati lokaciju na kojoj su valovi dovoljno česti i dovoljne <a href="/wiki/Snaga" title="Snaga">snage</a>. </p><p>Energija vala naglo opada s dubinom vala, te tako u dubini od 50 m iznosi svega 2 % od energije neposredno ispod površine. Snaga valova procjenjuje se na 2x109 kW, čemu odgovara snaga od 10 kW na 1m valjne linije. Ta snaga varira ovisno o zemljopisnom položaju, od 3 kW/m na <a href="/wiki/Mediteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediteran">Mediteranu</a> do 90 kW/m na Sjevernom Atlantiku. <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> valova je obnovljiv izvor. Ona tijekom vremena varira (više i većih valova ima u zimskom periodu ) i ima slučajni karakter. </p><p>Generiranje snage iz valova trenutno nije široko primijenjena komercijalna tehnologija, iako su postojali pokušaji njenog korištenja još od 1890. U 2008, pokušano je napraviti „farmu valova“ u Portugalu, u Aguçadoura parku valova. Farma valova sastojala se od tri 750 kW Pelamis naprava (još poznatih pod nazivom „morska zmija“). U studenom 2008., samo dva mjeseca nakon službenog otvorenja, Pelamis strojevi su vraćeni natrag u luku Leixões radi tehničkih problema s ležajevima. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prvi poznati patent koji je koristio energiju oceana bilježi se još 1799. godine i bio je notiran u Parizu od strane Girarda i njegova sina. Godine 1910., Bochaux-Praceique, konstruirao je prvu napravu za korištenje snage valova kako bi njome napajao svoju kuću u Royanu, blizu Bordeaux-a u Francuskoj. Izgleda da je to prvi tip naprave oscilirajućeg vodenog stupa. Od 1855. do 1973. već je postojalo 340 takvih patenata samo u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu. </p><p>Međutim, Yoshio Masuda-ini eksperimenti u 1940. godinama su bili prvi pravi znanstveni eksperimenti na ovome području. On je testirao razne koncepte predviđene za iskorištavanje energije valova na moru, s nekoliko stotina jedinica korištenih za pogonjenje navigacijskih svjetala. Među njima je bio i koncept koji je konvertirao snagu vala preko kutnog gibanja među zglobovima plutače, kojeg je utemeljio 1950. godine. </p><p>Godine 1973. je zavladala naftna kriza, što je doprinijelo ponovnom razvoju interesa za energiju valova. Velik broj sveučilišnih istraživača je nanovo istražilo potencijal eksploatacije oceanskih valova, među kojima su se istaknuli Stephen Salter sa Sveučilišta Edinburga, Kjell Budal i Johannes Falnes s Norveškog Tehnološkog Instituta, Michael E McCormick s Brodarske Akademije Ujedinjenih Naroda, David Evans sa Sveučilišta u Bristolu, Michael French sa Sveučilišta Lancastera, John Newman i Chiang C. Mei s <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>-a. </p><p>U 1980-im godinama, kako se cijena nafte spustila, ulaganja u eksploataciju energije valova drastično su pala. Kako god, par prvih generacija prototipova je testirano na moru. U posljednje vrijeme, prateći problem u klimatskim promjenama, postoji rastući interes za razvojem obnovljivih izvora energije, uključujući i energiju valova, širom čitavog svijeta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fizikalni_koncept">Fizikalni koncept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Fizikalni koncept" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Fizikalni koncept"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valovi nastaju zbog gibanja vjetra preko površine mora. Dokle god se valovi gibaju sporijom brzinom od vjetra nad valovima, postoji izmjena energije s vjetra na valove. Zbog razlike u tlaku zraka između privjetrine i zavjetrine valnog brijega, te trenja na površini vode uvjetovano gibanjem vjetra, uzrok je smičnog naprezanja koje rezultira rastom valova. </p><p>Visina vala je određena brzinom vjetra, trajanjem puhanja vjetra, dometa (udaljenost preko koje vjetar pobuđuje valove), dubinom i topografijom morskog dna (koja može fokusirati ili disperzirati energiju valova). Postoji određena brzina vjetra čijim prelaskom valovi neće više rasti. Kada se ta granica dosegne kaže se da je more „potpuno razvijeno“. </p><p>Generalno, veći valovi su jači, ali snaga vala je također determinirana njegovom brzinom, valnom duljinom i gustoćom vode. </p><p>Oscilatorno gibanje je najizraženije na površini vode i pada eksponencijalno s dubinom. Međutim, za stojne valove u blizini reflektivne obale, energija valova je također prisutna zbog oscilacija tlakova na većoj dubini, proizvodeći mikroseizme (mikro <a href="/wiki/Potres" title="Potres">potrese</a>). Ti skokovi u tlaku na većim dubinama su premali da bi bili zanimljivi s gledišta iskorištavanja snage valova. </p><p>Valovi su najjači na površini oceana i snaga vala se prenosi, kako okomito, tako i vodoravno. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izazovi">Izazovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Izazovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izazovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Naprava mora uhvatiti dobar dio energije u nepravilnim valovima u širokom spektru morskih stanja.</li> <li>Postoje jake promjene snage u valovima.</li> <li>Naprava mora uspješno pretvoriti gibanje valova u elektricitet. Općenito, snaga valova je dostupna na niskim brzinama i s velikom silom koja ne djeluje samo u jednom smjeru. Većina serijskih električnih generatora radi na većim brzinama, a i većina serijskih turbina zahtjeva ujednačen i miran tok.</li> <li>Naprava mora biti u mogućnosti preživjeti oštećenja od oluja i koroziju radi slane vode. Mjesta na kojima može zakazati su ležajevi, zavari, konopi za usidrenje. Zbog toga konstruktori moraju napraviti prototipove toliko predimenzionirane da je upitno isplate li se tolike investicije na tom području.</li> <li>Ukupna cijena električne energije je visoka. Snaga valova će biti kompetitivna tek onda kad se ukupna cijena generiranja energije smanji.</li> <li>Postoji potencijalna opasnost od utjecaja na morski eko sustav. Onečišćenje bukom, na primjer, bi moglo imati neugodan utjecaj ako se ne motri, iako buka i vidljivo djelovanje svakog dizajna elektrane znatno varira.</li> <li>U smislu socio-ekonomskih izazova, farme valova mogu rezultirati u smanjenju broja pogodnih mjesta za komercijalani i rekreativni ribolov.</li> <li>Valovi generiraju oko 2,700 GW snage. Od tih 2,700 GW samo oko 500 GW može biti iskorišteno s današnjom tehnologijom.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potencijal">Potencijal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Potencijal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Potencijal"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Water_waves_in_Adriatic_Sea.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Water_waves_in_Adriatic_Sea.JPG/270px-Water_waves_in_Adriatic_Sea.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Water_waves_in_Adriatic_Sea.JPG/405px-Water_waves_in_Adriatic_Sea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Water_waves_in_Adriatic_Sea.JPG/540px-Water_waves_in_Adriatic_Sea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Valovi na Jadranskom moru</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Shallow_water_wave.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Shallow_water_wave.gif/250px-Shallow_water_wave.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Shallow_water_wave.gif/375px-Shallow_water_wave.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Shallow_water_wave.gif 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="70" /></a><figcaption>Val u plitkoj vodi</figcaption></figure> <p>Ukupna energija valova koji udaraju u svjetsku obalu je procijenjena na 2-3 milijuna MW što je ogroman neiskorišten potencijal. Energetski najbogatiji valovi su koncentrirani na zapadnim obalama na području od 40 do 60 stupnjeva zemljopisne širine na sjevernoj i južnoj hemisferi. Energija valova na tom području varira između 30 i 70 kW/m s najvišom od 100 kW/m u <a href="/wiki/Atlantik" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantik">Atlantiku</a>. Visina valova je najviša za vrijeme zime, što se poklapa s vremenom najviše potrošnje <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_energija" title="Električna energija">električne energije</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">Kinetička energija</a> valova može se početi efikasno transformirati u električnu energiju kada je visina vala veća od 1 m. Pri određivanju prikladnosti valova eksplataciji ne može se uzeti samo parametar snage po dužnom metru. <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">Amplituda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> i oblik valova su jednako važni parametri koji se trebaju tražiti unutar energetski prihvatljive zone valova. </p><p>Zbog prirodnog potencijala valova, visokog tehnološkog stupnja razvoja, velikim energetskim zahtjevima i ekološkom svješću, najdalje u razvoju komercijalnih elektrana na valove su došle visoko industrijalizirane maritimne zemlje <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">Velika Britanija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, Skandinavske zemlje i <a href="/wiki/Australija" title="Australija">Australija</a>. Sjeverne i južne temperaturne zone imaju najpogodnija područja za eksploataciju snage valova. </p><p>Danas su u osnovi poznata tri načina korištenja energije valova ako su kategorizirana po metodi kojom prihvaćaju valove. To su preko plutača, pomičnog klipa i njihalica ili lopatica. U fazi istraživanja i ispitivanja su još crijevna i McCabova pumpa, čuškaš, te morska zmija. Još mogu biti karakterizirana i po lokaciji, odnosno kao elektrane na valove na otvorenom moru i na morskoj obali. Niti jedan od navedenih načina za korištenje energije valova ne može danas konkurirati klasičnim izvorima električne energije. </p><p>Valovi su vrlo predvidivi; valovi uzrokovani vjetrom mogu biti predviđeni pet dana unaprijed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salterova_patka">Salterova patka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Salterova patka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Salterova patka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Salter.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/7/7d/Salter.gif" decoding="async" width="274" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="182" /></a><figcaption>Salterova patka</figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Salterova_patka" title="Salterova patka">Salterova patka</a></div></i></div> <p>Profesor Stephen Salter sa Sveučilišta u <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburghu</a>, započeo je istraživanja vezana za energiju valova zbog tadašnje naftne krize.Godine 1974. osmislio je izum kojeg je nazvao „Salterova patka“ ili „Kimajuća patka“, iako je službeno zvana „Edinburška patka“. Patka je samo jedan od mnogih koncepata pretvarača energije valova (wave energy converter –WEC), koji potencijalno može snagu valova pretvoriti u korisnu energiju. U 1970-ima, za vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Naftna_kriza" title="Naftna kriza">naftne krize</a>, kada je alternativna energija dobivala puno zamaha, to je bila najzanimljivija mogućnost. Od tada, neke tvrtke su uspješno izradile druge vrste pretvarača energije valova, poput uređaja Pelamis (koji se sastoji od niza cilindričnih uređaja koji pogone generatore) u Portugalu. Pelamis su Salterovi bivši studenati i konstruirali. Ali u usporedbi sa Salterovom patkom, te moderne naprave su relativno neučinkovite. </p><p>Patka spada pod klasu WEC-a poznatu kao terminatori. Terminatori su orijentirani okomito na smjer vala. Ovo je prikladno jer uništava valove koji nailaze, ostavljajući mirnije more s druge strane. </p><p>Sama patka je oblikovana poput kapljice, a mnoge od tih „kapljica“ su spojene na dugačku sajlu i čine cijeli Salterov sustav. Nos kapljice je okrenut prema nadolazećim valovima i njiše se kako oni prolaze. U osnovi, to uključuje prijenos ili „zarobljavanje“ energije valova. U teoriji, ovaj proces njihanja bi sakupio 90 % masivne energije valova, i koristio tu energiju da održi klipove u pokretu. Klipovi naizmjenice komprimiraju hidrauličko ulje. Nakon što je dovoljno komprimirano, ulje ulazi u hidraulički motor, gdje se proizvodi električna energija. Sustav bi teoretski iskoristio 90 % pohranjene energije. Ova visoka učinkovitost čini patku najboljim od svi WEC-a. </p><p>Salter i njegova ekipa testirali su patku u posebnim spremnicima s umjetno proizvedenim valovima. Prije nego što su bili u mogućnosti testirati patku na moru, procijenili su da su bili blizu proizvodnje električne energije pod dovoljno niskim troškovima da konkurira drugim izvorima energije. </p><p>Nakon što je <a href="/wiki/Embargo" title="Embargo">embargo</a> završio, interes za obnovljivu energiju nije skroz iščeznuo. Salter i njegovi ljudi morali su se nadmetati za subvencije s drugim obnovljivim izvorima, poput nuklearne energije. Na kraju, <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_energija" title="Nuklearna energija">nuklearna energija</a> se činila ekonomski bolje izvediva vijeću koje je dodjeljivalo poticaje. Salterova grupa je izgubila novčanu potporu u ranim 1980-ima, prije nego što su dobili priliku testirati mehanizam na oceanu, što bi koštalo prilično puno. On i ostali i dalje tvrde da su članovi odbora bili priklonjeni nuklearnoj energiji. Neki kažu da su nuklearni zagovornici preuveličali troškove struje koju bi patka proizvodila. </p><p>Da se Salterovu grupu nastavilo financirati, možda bi danas patka bila primijenjena u svijetu, osiguravajući dio svjetske energije. Teško je reći da li bi ta tehnologija sama mogla riješiti tadašnju naftnu krizu. Kada je riječ o <a href="/wiki/Obnovljivi_izvori" class="mw-redirect" title="Obnovljivi izvori">obnovljivim izvorima</a>, postizanje dovoljno niske cijene koja konkurira <a href="/wiki/Fosilna_goriva" title="Fosilna goriva">fosilnim gorivima</a> i nuklearnoj energiji je ono što određuje uspjeh. I, zato što tehnologija nikad nije dospjela do toliko potrebnog testiranja na moru, ne možemo sa sigurnošću reći kolika bi jeftina bila ta <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_energija" title="Električna energija">električna energija</a>. </p><p>Također, da je patka uspjela, neki tvrde da bi ju samo dijelovi svijeta pogođeni jakim valovima mogli koristiti. Dakle, iako je možda mogla riješiti naftnu krizu u Škotskoj, koja je pogađana velikim valovima na obali, vjerojatno ju ne bi ne bi mogla riješiti u SAD-u, gdje samo određeni dijelovi morske obale imaju jake valove. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektrane_na_valove_na_morskoj_obali">Elektrane na valove na morskoj obali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Elektrane na valove na morskoj obali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elektrane na valove na morskoj obali"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wells_turbine_hrv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Wells_turbine_hrv.svg/150px-Wells_turbine_hrv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Wells_turbine_hrv.svg/225px-Wells_turbine_hrv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Wells_turbine_hrv.svg/300px-Wells_turbine_hrv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Wellsova turbina</figcaption></figure> <p>Prednosti izgradnje elektrana u neposrednoj blizini obale u odnosu na plutajuće sisteme su sljedeće: </p> <ul><li>lakša izgradnja jer se koriste klasični građevinski strojevi</li> <li>lakše održavanje postrojenja jer nisu potrebni ronioci i brodovi</li> <li>lakša i brža kontrola i zamjena pokvarenih dijelova</li> <li>mogu služiti i kao lukobran</li></ul> <p>Uređaj radi tako što valovi svojim gibanjem uvjetuju pomicanje razine vode u zatvorenom stupcu prilikom čega dolazi do potiskivanja zraka kroz turbinu na vrhu stupca. Najveći uspjeh je elektrana projeka Limpetnazivne <a href="/wiki/Snaga" title="Snaga">snage</a> 500 KW koja je uspješno uključena u elektrosustav <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kotska" title="Škotska">Škotske</a>. </p><p>Tehnička ograničenja konstrukcije jesu: </p> <ul><li>izbor pogodne lokacije, što dublje more i što veći valovi</li> <li>slaba <a href="/wiki/Korisnost" class="mw-disambig" title="Korisnost">(eta)</a> turbine zbog stohastične prirode valova, a samim tim i protoka,</li> <li>niski stupanj iskoristivosti <a href="/wiki/Wellsova_turbina" title="Wellsova turbina">Wellsove turbine</a>, tj. 50-60 % (dvosmjerna turbina, simetričnog profila lopatica koja koristi usis i isis zraka prednost nad ventilima jer oni imaju potrebno određeni period za djelovanje a i trajnost sustava opada )</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ljuljajući_uređaj"><span id="Ljuljaju.C4.87i_ure.C4.91aj"></span>Ljuljajući uređaj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Ljuljajući uređaj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ljuljajući uređaj"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ljuljaju%C4%87i_ure%C4%91aj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/4/42/Ljuljaju%C4%87i_ure%C4%91aj.jpg/220px-Ljuljaju%C4%87i_ure%C4%91aj.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/4/42/Ljuljaju%C4%87i_ure%C4%91aj.jpg/330px-Ljuljaju%C4%87i_ure%C4%91aj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/4/42/Ljuljaju%C4%87i_ure%C4%91aj.jpg/440px-Ljuljaju%C4%87i_ure%C4%91aj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Ljuljajući uređaj</figcaption></figure> <p>Uređaj funkcionira tako što se <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetička energija</a> vala pretvara u rad gibanja zaustavne ploče i hidrauličke crpke koja pogoni generator. Postoji eksperimentalni model u Japanu, ali tehnički podatci o konstrukciji i rezultati mjerenja nisu poznati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektrane_na_valove_na_otvorenom_moru">Elektrane na valove na otvorenom moru</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Elektrane na valove na otvorenom moru" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elektrane na valove na otvorenom moru"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prednosti gradnje elektrana na <a href="/wiki/Otvoreno_more" title="Otvoreno more">otvorenom moru</a>: </p> <ul><li>bolja iskorištenost valnog potencijala- veća raspoloživa površina za polja elektrana, a s tim ujedno i veća ukupna snaga za određenu zemljopisnu lokaciju</li> <li>mogućnost napajanja <i><a href="/wiki/Offshore" class="mw-disambig" title="Offshore">offshore</a></i> objekata</li> <li>mogućnost napajanja raznih vrsta senzora kao autonomnim energetskim sustavom</li></ul> <p>Objektivni nedostatci plutajućih objekata su njihova pouzdanost zbog korozivne i mehanički nepredvidive okoline. Zahvaljujući velikom razvoju <i>offshore</i> naftne industrije puno toga se danas da tehnički izvesti u usporedbi sa 70-im godinama 20. stoljeća kada su projekti bili ekonomski zanimljivi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plutače"><span id="Pluta.C4.8De"></span>Plutače</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Plutače" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Plutače"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Snage ovakvih uređaja se kreću do 50-ak kW, no prednost im je u mogućnosti polaganja velikog broja na određenoj površini čime se nadoknađuje mala pojedinačna snaga. Ovakvi uređaji su posebno interesantni za aktivne oceanske senzore kao svjetionike, mamce riba, sonare, komunikacijske repetitore i sl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arhimedova_valna_ljuljačka_(Archimedes_Wave_Swing_AWS)"><span id="Arhimedova_valna_ljulja.C4.8Dka_.28Archimedes_Wave_Swing_AWS.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Arhimed" title="Arhimed">Arhimedova</a> valna ljuljačka (Archimedes Wave Swing AWS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Arhimedova valna ljuljačka (Archimedes Wave Swing AWS)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Arhimedova valna ljuljačka (Archimedes Wave Swing AWS)"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sastoji se od cilindrične, zrakom napunjene komore koja se može pomicati okoito u odnosu na usidreni cilindar manjeg promjera. Zrak u 10-20m širokom gornjem plutajućem cilindru omogućuje plutanje. Kada val prijeđe preko plutače njezina dubina se mijenja u skladu s promjenom tlaka uzrokujući njezino pomicanje gore-dolje. Relativno gibanje između usidrenog i plutajućeg dijela se koristi za proizvodnju energije. Do sada je AWS najjači izgrađeni uređaj ove namjene 2 MW. U pilot projekt je bio planiran biti pušten u ljeto 2004. u <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugalskom</a> akvatoriju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morska_zmija_(Pelamis)"><span id="Morska_zmija_.28Pelamis.29"></span>Morska zmija (Pelamis)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Morska zmija (Pelamis)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Morska zmija (Pelamis)"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Zglobni_plutaju%C4%87i_prigu%C5%A1nik_Pelamis" title="Zglobni plutajući prigušnik Pelamis">Zglobni plutajući prigušnik Pelamis</a></div></i></div> <p>Konstrukcija radi na principu spojenih plutača koje pretvaraju okomito gibanje valova u vodoravno pomicanje <a href="/wiki/Klip" class="mw-disambig" title="Klip">klipova</a> <a href="/wiki/Sisaljka" title="Sisaljka">crpki</a> na kardanskom principu. Sustav je u potpunosti odvojen od mora. Radi tako da crpka, crveno obojena na slici ispod tlači zrak u sivi spremnik koji zatim pokreće zračnu turbinu i generator plave boje na slici ispod. Na taj način je postignuta jednolikija rotacija generatora manje ovisna o stohastičnoj prirodi valova. Uređaj je u fazi izrade prototipa i ispitivanja u radnim uvjetima u <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kotska" title="Škotska">Škotskom</a> akvatoriju. Dimenzije uređaja su 120 m duljine, 3,5 m promjera 750 T mase, te maksimalne <a href="/wiki/Snaga" title="Snaga">snage</a> od 750 kW. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pelamis_bursts_out_of_a_wave.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Prednji dio Pelamis uređaja"><img alt="Prednji dio Pelamis uređaja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pelamis_bursts_out_of_a_wave.JPG/120px-Pelamis_bursts_out_of_a_wave.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pelamis_bursts_out_of_a_wave.JPG/180px-Pelamis_bursts_out_of_a_wave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pelamis_bursts_out_of_a_wave.JPG/240px-Pelamis_bursts_out_of_a_wave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prednji dio Pelamis uređaja</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pelamis_Wellenkraftwerk_Portugal_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="2 od 3 morske zmije u luci Peniche,Portugal"><img alt="2 od 3 morske zmije u luci Peniche,Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pelamis_Wellenkraftwerk_Portugal_1.JPG/120px-Pelamis_Wellenkraftwerk_Portugal_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pelamis_Wellenkraftwerk_Portugal_1.JPG/180px-Pelamis_Wellenkraftwerk_Portugal_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pelamis_Wellenkraftwerk_Portugal_1.JPG/240px-Pelamis_Wellenkraftwerk_Portugal_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2 od 3 morske zmije u luci Peniche,Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pelamis_at_EMEC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prototip morske zmije na lokaciji EMEC-a(Europski pomorski energetski institut)"><img alt="Prototip morske zmije na lokaciji EMEC-a(Europski pomorski energetski institut)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pelamis_at_EMEC.jpg/120px-Pelamis_at_EMEC.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pelamis_at_EMEC.jpg/180px-Pelamis_at_EMEC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pelamis_at_EMEC.jpg/240px-Pelamis_at_EMEC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="876" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prototip morske zmije na lokaciji EMEC-a(Europski pomorski energetski institut)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McCabova_crpka_na_valove">McCabova crpka na valove</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: McCabova crpka na valove" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka McCabova crpka na valove"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:McCab_crpka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/a/a1/McCab_crpka.jpg/220px-McCab_crpka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/a/a1/McCab_crpka.jpg/330px-McCab_crpka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/a/a1/McCab_crpka.jpg/440px-McCab_crpka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>McCabova crpka</figcaption></figure> <p>McCabeova crpka na valove je u razvojnom stadiju od 1980. i originalno je dizajnirana za desalinizaciju morske vode koristeći reverznu osmozu. To su uređaji koji izvlače <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiju</a> iz valova pomoću rotacije pontona oko nosača preko linearnih hidrauličkih crpki. Konstrukcije mogu biti sa zatvorenim krugom koristeći ulje ili s otvorenim krugom koristeći morsku vodu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crijevna_crpka">Crijevna crpka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Crijevna crpka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Crijevna crpka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sastoji se od elastičnog crijeva koji smanjuje unutarnji <a href="/wiki/Obujam" title="Obujam">volumen</a> dok se rasteže. Crijevo je povezano za plovak koji oscilira s površinskim valovima. Rezultirajuće tlačenje vode u crijevu tjera vodu van kroz protupovratni ventil na turbinu. Niz takvih crpki može biti povezan na centralnu turbinu za veće sustave. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Čuškaš_(Flapper)"><span id=".C4.8Cu.C5.A1ka.C5.A1_.28Flapper.29"></span>Čuškaš (Flapper)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Čuškaš (Flapper)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Čuškaš (Flapper)"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polaže se na otvorenom moru pomoću pontona ili bova. Uređaj se sastoji od niza plutajućih pontona koji su oblikovani poput bregaste osovine. Svaki ponton je u principu zub koji rotira odvojeno prilikom prelaska vala preko njega. Taj efekt pogoni kapilarne crpke koje tjeraju radni medij kroz zajedničko crijevo na turbinu. Zbog okomitog položaja na valove uređaj je pogodan za nemirno more i oluje. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poznate_elektrane_na_valove">Poznate elektrane na valove</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Poznate elektrane na valove" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poznate elektrane na valove"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektrana_na_valove_Islay_LIMPET" title="Elektrana na valove Islay LIMPET">Elektrana na valove Islay LIMPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidroelektrana_na_valove_Agu%C3%A7adoura" title="Hidroelektrana na valove Aguçadoura">Hidroelektrana na valove Aguçadoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrana_na_valove_Mutriku" title="Elektrana na valove Mutriku">Elektrana na valove Mutriku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrana_na_valove_Keta" title="Elektrana na valove Keta">Elektrana na valove Keta</a></li> <li>Elektrana na valove Orkney (Škotska) - u gradnji</li> <li>Elektrana na valove Siadar (Škotska) - - u gradnji</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <ol><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://powerlab.fsb.hr/osnoveenergetike/wiki/index.php?title=ENERGETSKE_TRANSFORMACIJE#Elektrane_na_valove.2C_plimu_i_oseku">http://powerlab.fsb.hr/osnoveenergetike/wiki/index.php?title=ENERGETSKE_TRANSFORMACIJE#Elektrane_na_valove.2C_plimu_i_oseku</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611121000/http://powerlab.fsb.hr/osnoveenergetike/wiki/index.php?title=ENERGETSKE_TRANSFORMACIJE#Elektrane_na_valove.2C_plimu_i_oseku">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 11. lipnja 2010. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrane_na_valove&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:100%; margin-left:calc(0.8em - 5px);"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td><td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica">Zajednički poslužitelj</a> ima još gradiva o temi <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wave_power" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wave power">Energija valova</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐559c9fd9f4‐phvw5 Cached time: 20241126140155 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.088 seconds Real time usage: 0.624 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 320/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2579/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 537/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4678/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.016/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 644244/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 82.690 1 -total 47.52% 39.293 2 Predložak:Glavni 27.87% 23.044 1 Predložak:Izvori 10.29% 8.507 1 Predložak:Webarchive 4.01% 3.320 1 Predložak:DatumFormat 2.93% 2.419 1 Predložak:WProjekti 2.22% 1.836 1 Predložak:If_then_show --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key hrwiki:pcache:170469:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241126140155 and revision id 6688756. 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