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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lifetime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifetime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lifetime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifetime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-White_dwarfs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_dwarfs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>White dwarfs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_dwarfs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neutron_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neutron_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Neutron stars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neutron_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_holes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_holes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Black holes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Black_holes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Black holes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Black_holes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alternative_black_hole_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_black_hole_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Alternative black hole models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_black_hole_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exotic_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exotic_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Exotic stars</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exotic_stars-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Exotic stars subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exotic_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quark_stars_and_strange_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quark_stars_and_strange_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Quark stars and strange stars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quark_stars_and_strange_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preon_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preon_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Preon stars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preon_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Q_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Q_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Q stars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Q_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electroweak_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electroweak_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Electroweak stars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electroweak_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boson_star" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boson_star"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Boson star</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boson_star-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compact_relativistic_objects_and_the_generalized_uncertainty_principle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compact_relativistic_objects_and_the_generalized_uncertainty_principle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Compact relativistic objects and the generalized uncertainty principle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compact_relativistic_objects_and_the_generalized_uncertainty_principle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Compact object</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompakte_ster" title="Kompakte ster – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kompakte ster" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="بقايا نجمية متراصة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بقايا نجمية متراصة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrella_compauta" title="Estrella compauta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estrella compauta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrella_compacta" title="Estrella compacta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estrella compacta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Компактлă çăлтăр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Компактлă çăлтăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompaktn%C3%AD_hv%C4%9Bzda" title="Kompaktní hvězda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kompaktní hvězda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompaktes_Objekt_(Astronomie)" title="Kompaktes Objekt (Astronomie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kompaktes Objekt (Astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4he_j%C3%A4%C3%A4nuk" title="Tähe jäänuk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tähe jäänuk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrella_compacta" title="Estrella compacta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estrella compacta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izar_konpaktu" title="Izar konpaktu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Izar konpaktu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87" title="ستاره فشرده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ستاره فشرده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objet_compact" title="Objet compact – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Objet compact" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%80%EC%A7%91%EC%84%B1" title="밀집성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밀집성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang_padat" title="Bintang padat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bintang padat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_degenere" title="Stella degenere – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stella degenere" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="კომპაქტური ვარსკვლავი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომპაქტური ვარსკვლავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_degener" title="Stella degener – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stella degener" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompakt_csillag" title="Kompakt csillag – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kompakt csillag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Компактно тело – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Компактно тело" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="კომპაქტური მურიცხი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კომპაქტური მურიცხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကြယ်ကြွင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြယ်ကြွင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E6%98%9F" title="コンパクト星 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンパクト星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompakt_objekt" title="Kompakt objekt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kompakt objekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiazda_zdegenerowana" title="Gwiazda zdegenerowana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwiazda zdegenerowana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela_compacta" title="Estrela compacta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estrela compacta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stea_compact%C4%83" title="Stea compactă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stea compactă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Компактная звезда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Компактная звезда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_star" title="Compact star – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Compact star" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_star" title="Compact star – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Compact star" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompaktn%C3%A1_hviezda" title="Kompaktná hviezda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kompaktná hviezda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerirana_zvezda" title="Degenerirana zvezda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Degenerirana zvezda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Компактна звезда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Компактна звезда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompakti_t%C3%A4hti" title="Kompakti tähti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kompakti tähti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompakt_objekt" title="Kompakt objekt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kompakt objekt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Тыгыз йолдыз – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тыгыз йолдыз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ดาวมวลอัดแน่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาวมวลอัดแน่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the categorical notion in mathematics, see <a href="/wiki/Compact_object_(mathematics)" title="Compact object (mathematics)">Compact object (mathematics)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_star" title="Dwarf star">dwarf star</a> or <a href="/wiki/Central_compact_object" title="Central compact object">central compact object</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, the term <b>compact object</b> (or <b>compact star</b>) refers collectively to <a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">white dwarfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">neutron stars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">black holes</a>. It could also include <a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">exotic stars</a> if such hypothetical, dense bodies are confirmed to exist. All compact objects have a high <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> relative to their radius, giving them a very high <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a>, compared to ordinary <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a>. </p><p>Compact objects are often the endpoints of <a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">stellar evolution</a> and, in this respect, are also called <b>stellar remnants</b>. The state and type of a stellar remnant depends primarily on the mass of the star that it formed from. The ambiguous term <i>compact object</i> is often used when the exact nature of the star is not known, but evidence suggests that it has a very small <a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">radius</a> compared to ordinary <a href="/wiki/Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Stars">stars</a>. A compact object that is not a black hole may be called a <b>degenerate star</b>. </p><p>In June 2020, astronomers reported narrowing down the source of <a href="/wiki/Fast_radio_burst" title="Fast radio burst">Fast Radio Bursts</a> (FRBs), which may now plausibly include "compact-object mergers and <a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">magnetars</a> arising from normal core collapse <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovae</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-SA-20200601_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-20200601-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AJL-20200601_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJL-20200601-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The usual endpoint of <a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">stellar evolution</a> is the formation of a compact star. </p><p>All active stars will eventually come to a point in their evolution when the outward radiation pressure from the nuclear fusions in its interior can no longer resist the ever-present gravitational forces. When this happens, the star collapses under its own weight and undergoes the process of <a href="/wiki/Stellar_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar death">stellar death</a>. For most stars, this will result in the formation of a very dense and compact stellar remnant, also known as a compact star. </p><p>Compact objects have no internal energy production, but will—with the exception of black holes—usually radiate for millions of years with excess heat left from the collapse itself.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the most recent understanding, compact stars could also form during the <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_the_universe#Hadron_epoch" title="Chronology of the universe">phase separations</a> of the early Universe following the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primordial origins of known compact objects have not been determined with certainty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lifetime">Lifetime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lifetime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although compact objects may radiate, and thus cool off and lose energy, they do not depend on high temperatures to maintain their structure, as ordinary stars do. Barring external disturbances and <a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">proton decay</a>, they can persist virtually forever. <a href="/wiki/Black_holes" class="mw-redirect" title="Black holes">Black holes</a> are however generally believed to finally evaporate from <a href="/wiki/Hawking_radiation" title="Hawking radiation">Hawking radiation</a> after trillions of years. According to our current standard models of <a href="/wiki/Physical_cosmology" title="Physical cosmology">physical cosmology</a>, all stars will eventually evolve into cool and dark compact stars, by the time the Universe enters the so-called <a href="/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe" title="Heat death of the universe">degenerate era</a> in a very distant future. </p><p>A somewhat wider definition of <i>compact objects</i> may include <a href="/wiki/Substellar_object" title="Substellar object">smaller solid objects</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a>, but such usage is less common. There are a remarkable variety of stars and other clumps of hot matter, but all matter in the Universe must eventually end as dispersed cold particles or some form of compact stellar or substellar object, according to <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="White_dwarfs">White dwarfs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: White dwarfs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngc2392.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ngc2392.jpg/170px-Ngc2392.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ngc2392.jpg/255px-Ngc2392.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ngc2392.jpg/340px-Ngc2392.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Eskimo_Nebula" title="Eskimo Nebula">Eskimo Nebula</a> is illuminated by a white dwarf at its center.</figcaption></figure> <p>The stars called <a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">white or degenerate dwarfs</a> are made up mainly of <a href="/wiki/Degenerate_matter" title="Degenerate matter">degenerate matter</a>; typically carbon and oxygen nuclei in a sea of degenerate electrons. White dwarfs arise from the cores of <a href="/wiki/Main-sequence_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Main-sequence star">main-sequence stars</a> and are therefore very hot when they are formed. As they cool they will redden and dim until they eventually become dark <a href="/wiki/Black_dwarf" title="Black dwarf">black dwarfs</a>. White dwarfs were observed in the 19th century, but the extremely high densities and pressures they contain were not explained until the 1920s. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_state" title="Equation of state">equation of state</a> for degenerate matter is "soft", meaning that adding more mass will result in a smaller object. Continuing to add mass to what begins as a white dwarf, the object shrinks and the central density becomes even greater, with higher degenerate-electron energies. After the degenerate star's mass has grown sufficiently that its radius has shrunk to only a few thousand kilometers, the mass will be approaching the <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit" title="Chandrasekhar limit">Chandrasekhar limit</a> – the theoretical upper limit of the mass of a white dwarf, about 1.4 times the <a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass of the Sun">mass of the Sun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass"><var>M</var><sub>☉</sub></a>). </p><p>If matter were removed from the center of a white dwarf and slowly compressed, electrons would first be forced to combine with nuclei, changing their <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protons</a> to <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a> by <a href="/wiki/Inverse_beta_decay" title="Inverse beta decay">inverse beta decay</a>. The equilibrium would shift towards heavier, neutron-richer nuclei that are not stable at everyday densities. As the density increases, these nuclei become still larger and less well-bound. At a critical density of about 4<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001140000000000000♠"></span>14</span></sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup> – called the <a href="/wiki/Neutron_drip_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutron drip line">neutron drip line</a> – the atomic nucleus would tend to dissolve into unbound protons and neutrons. If further compressed, eventually it would reach a point where the matter is on the order of the density of an atomic nucleus – about 2<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001170000000000000♠"></span>17</span></sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup>. At that density the matter would be chiefly free neutrons, with a light scattering of protons and electrons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neutron_stars">Neutron stars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Neutron stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron star</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandra-crab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chandra-crab.jpg/170px-Chandra-crab.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chandra-crab.jpg/255px-Chandra-crab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chandra-crab.jpg/340px-Chandra-crab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Crab_Nebula" title="Crab Nebula">Crab Nebula</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Supernova_remnant" title="Supernova remnant">supernova remnant</a> containing the <a href="/wiki/Crab_Pulsar" title="Crab Pulsar">Crab Pulsar</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">neutron star</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In certain <a href="/wiki/Binary_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary stars">binary stars</a> containing a white dwarf, mass is transferred from the companion star onto the white dwarf, eventually pushing it over the <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit" title="Chandrasekhar limit">Chandrasekhar limit</a>. Electrons react with protons to form neutrons and thus no longer supply the necessary pressure to resist gravity, causing the star to collapse. If the center of the star is composed mostly of carbon and oxygen then such a <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_collapse" title="Gravitational collapse">gravitational collapse</a> will ignite runaway fusion of the carbon and oxygen, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova" title="Type Ia supernova">Type Ia supernova</a> that entirely blows apart the star before the collapse can become irreversible. If the center is composed mostly of magnesium or heavier elements, the collapse continues.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the density further increases, the remaining electrons react with the protons to form more neutrons. The collapse continues until (at higher density) the neutrons become degenerate. A new equilibrium is possible after the star shrinks by three <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of magnitude">orders of magnitude</a>, to a radius between 10 and 20 km. This is a <i>neutron star</i>. </p><p>Although the first neutron star was not observed until 1967 when the first radio <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsar</a> was discovered, neutron stars were proposed by Baade and Zwicky in 1933, only one year after the neutron was discovered in 1932. They realized that because neutron stars are so dense, the collapse of an ordinary star to a neutron star would liberate a large amount of <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_energy" title="Gravitational energy">gravitational potential energy</a>, providing a possible explanation for <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the explanation for supernovae of types <a href="/wiki/Type_Ib_and_Ic_supernovae" title="Type Ib and Ic supernovae">Ib, Ic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Supernova#Type_II" title="Supernova">II</a>. Such supernovae occur when the iron core of a massive star exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit and collapses to a neutron star. </p><p>Like electrons, neutrons are <a href="/wiki/Fermions" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermions">fermions</a>. They therefore provide <a href="/wiki/Neutron_degeneracy_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutron degeneracy pressure">neutron degeneracy pressure</a> to support a neutron star against collapse. In addition, repulsive neutron-neutron interactions<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> provide additional pressure. Like the Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarfs, there is a limiting mass for neutron stars: the <a href="/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff_limit" title="Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit">Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit</a>, where these forces are no longer sufficient to hold up the star. As the forces in dense hadronic matter are not well understood, this limit is not known exactly but is thought to be between 2 and 3 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub>. If more mass accretes onto a neutron star, eventually this mass limit will be reached. What happens next is not completely clear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Black_holes">Black holes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Black holes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">Black hole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" title="Stellar black hole">Stellar black hole</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Hole_Milkyway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Black_Hole_Milkyway.jpg/170px-Black_Hole_Milkyway.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Black_Hole_Milkyway.jpg/255px-Black_Hole_Milkyway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Black_Hole_Milkyway.jpg/340px-Black_Hole_Milkyway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A simulated black hole of ten solar masses, at a distance of 600 km</figcaption></figure> <p>As more mass is accumulated, equilibrium against gravitational collapse exceeds its breaking point. Once the star's pressure is insufficient to counterbalance gravity, a catastrophic gravitational collapse occurs within milliseconds. The <a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">escape velocity</a> at the surface, already at least <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> light speed, quickly reaches the velocity of light. At that point no energy or matter can escape and a <a href="/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">black hole</a> has formed. Because all light and matter is trapped within an <a href="/wiki/Event_horizon" title="Event horizon">event horizon</a>, a black hole appears truly <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">black</a>, except for the possibility of very faint <a href="/wiki/Hawking_radiation" title="Hawking radiation">Hawking radiation</a>. It is presumed that the collapse will continue inside the event horizon. </p><p>In the classical theory of <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">general relativity</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_singularity" title="Gravitational singularity">gravitational singularity</a> occupying no more than a <a href="/wiki/Point_(geometry)" title="Point (geometry)">point</a> will form. There may be a new halt of the catastrophic gravitational collapse at a size comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Planck_length" class="mw-redirect" title="Planck length">Planck length</a>, but at these lengths there is no known theory of gravity to predict what will happen. Adding any extra mass to the black hole will cause the radius of the event horizon to increase linearly with the mass of the central singularity. This will induce certain changes in the properties of the black hole, such as reducing the tidal stress near the event horizon, and reducing the gravitational field strength at the horizon. However, there will not be any further qualitative changes in the structure associated with any mass increase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_black_hole_models">Alternative black hole models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alternative black hole models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzzball_(string_theory)" title="Fuzzball (string theory)">Fuzzball</a><sup id="cite_ref-small-dark-and-heavy_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-small-dark-and-heavy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravastar" title="Gravastar">Gravastar</a><sup id="cite_ref-small-dark-and-heavy_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-small-dark-and-heavy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark-energy_star" title="Dark-energy star">Dark-energy star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_star_(semiclassical_gravity)" title="Black star (semiclassical gravity)">Black star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_eternally_collapsing_object" title="Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object">Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_star_(Newtonian_mechanics)" title="Dark star (Newtonian mechanics)">Dark star</a><sup id="cite_ref-small-dark-and-heavy_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-small-dark-and-heavy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primordial_black_hole" title="Primordial black hole">Primordial black holes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exotic_stars">Exotic stars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Exotic stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">Exotic star</a></div> <p>An <i><a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">exotic star</a></i> is a hypothetical compact star composed of something other than <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a> balanced against <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_collapse" title="Gravitational collapse">gravitational collapse</a> by <a href="/wiki/Degeneracy_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneracy pressure">degeneracy pressure</a> or other quantum properties. These include <a href="/wiki/Strange_star" title="Strange star">strange stars</a> (composed of <a href="/wiki/Strange_matter" title="Strange matter">strange matter</a>) and the more speculative <a href="/wiki/Preon_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Preon star">preon stars</a> (composed of <a href="/wiki/Preon" title="Preon">preons</a>). </p><p>Exotic stars are hypothetical, but observations released by the <a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-Ray_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandra X-Ray Observatory">Chandra X-Ray Observatory</a> on April 10, 2002, detected two candidate strange stars, designated <a href="/wiki/RX_J1856.5-3754" class="mw-redirect" title="RX J1856.5-3754">RX J1856.5-3754</a> and <a href="/wiki/3C58" class="mw-redirect" title="3C58">3C58</a>, which had previously been thought to be neutron stars. Based on the known laws of physics, the former appeared much smaller and the latter much colder than they should, suggesting that they are composed of material denser than <a href="/wiki/Neutronium" title="Neutronium">neutronium</a>. However, these observations are met with skepticism by researchers who say the results were not conclusive.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quark_stars_and_strange_stars">Quark stars and strange stars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Quark stars and strange stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">Quark star</a></div> <p>If neutrons are squeezed enough at a high temperature, they will decompose into their component <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarks</a>, forming what is known as a <a href="/wiki/Quark_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark matter">quark matter</a>. In this case, the star will shrink further and become denser, but instead of a total collapse into a black hole, it is possible that the star may stabilize itself and survive in this state indefinitely, so long as no more mass is added. It has, to an extent, become a very large <a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">nucleon</a>. A star in this hypothetical state is called a "<a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">quark star</a>" or more specifically a "strange star". The pulsar <a href="/wiki/3C58" class="mw-redirect" title="3C58">3C58</a> has been suggested as a possible quark star. Most neutron stars are thought to hold a core of quark matter but this has proven difficult to determine observationally.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preon_stars">Preon stars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Preon stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>preon star</i> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_hypothetical_astronomical_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hypothetical astronomical objects">proposed</a> type of compact star made of <a href="/wiki/Preon" title="Preon">preons</a>, a group of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hypothetical_elementary_particles" title="Category:Hypothetical elementary particles">hypothetical</a> <a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">subatomic particles</a>. Preon stars would be expected to have huge <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">densities</a>, exceeding 10<sup>23</sup> kilogram per cubic meter – intermediate between quark stars and black holes. Preon stars could originate from supernova explosions or the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>; however, current observations from particle accelerators speak against the existence of preons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Q_stars">Q stars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Q stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Q_star" title="Q star">Q star</a></div> <p><i>Q stars</i> are hypothetical compact, heavier neutron stars with an exotic state of matter where particle numbers are preserved with radii less than 1.5 times the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius" title="Schwarzschild radius">Schwarzschild radius</a>. Q stars are also called "gray holes". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electroweak_stars">Electroweak stars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Electroweak stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electroweak_star" title="Electroweak star">Electroweak star</a></div> <p>An <i>electroweak star</i> is a theoretical type of exotic star, whereby the gravitational collapse of the star is prevented by <a href="/wiki/Radiation_pressure" title="Radiation pressure">radiation pressure</a> resulting from <a href="/wiki/Electroweak_burning" class="mw-redirect" title="Electroweak burning">electroweak burning</a>, that is, the energy released by conversion of <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarks</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">leptons</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Electroweak_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Electroweak force">electroweak force</a>. This process occurs in a volume at the star's core approximately the size of an <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a>, containing about two Earth masses.<sup id="cite_ref-newscientist_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newscientist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boson_star">Boson star</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Boson star"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Boson_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Boson star">boson star</a> is a hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_object" title="Astronomical object">astronomical object</a> that is formed out of particles called <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">bosons</a> (conventional <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a> are formed out of <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermions</a>). For this type of star to exist, there must be a stable type of boson with repulsive self-interaction. As of 2016 there is no significant evidence that such a star exists. However, it may become possible to detect them by the gravitational radiation emitted by a pair of co-orbiting boson stars.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compact_relativistic_objects_and_the_generalized_uncertainty_principle">Compact relativistic objects and the generalized uncertainty principle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Compact relativistic objects and the generalized uncertainty principle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on the <a href="/wiki/Generalized_uncertainty_principle" title="Generalized uncertainty principle">generalized uncertainty principle</a> (GUP), proposed by some approaches to quantum gravity such as <a href="/wiki/String_theory" title="String theory">string theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doubly_special_relativity" title="Doubly special relativity">doubly special relativity</a>, the effect of GUP on the thermodynamic properties of compact stars with two different components has been studied recently.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tawfik et al. noted that the existence of quantum gravity correction tends to resist the collapse of stars if the GUP parameter is taking values between Planck scale and electroweak scale. Comparing with other approaches, it was found that the radii of compact stars should be smaller and increasing energy decreases the radii of the compact stars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_formation_and_evolution" title="Galaxy formation and evolution">Galaxy formation and evolution</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_object&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SA-20200601-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SA-20200601_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStarr2020" class="citation news cs1">Starr, Michelle (1 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/we-re-starting-to-figure-out-where-fast-radio-bursts-come-from">"Astronomers Just Narrowed Down The Source of Those Powerful Radio Signals From Space"</a>. <i>ScienceAlert.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="White_dwarf" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:White_dwarf" title="Template:White dwarf"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:White_dwarf" title="Template talk:White dwarf"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:White_dwarf" title="Special:EditPage/Template:White dwarf"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="White_dwarf" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit" title="Chandrasekhar limit">Chandrasekhar limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PG_1159_star" title="PG 1159 star">PG 1159 star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">Stellar evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung%E2%80%93Russell_diagram" title="Hertzsprung–Russell diagram">Hertzsprung–Russell diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira_variable" title="Mira variable">Mira variable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_dwarf" title="Black dwarf">Black dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova" title="Type Ia supernova">Type Ia supernova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernova_candidates" title="List of supernova candidates">Candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">Magnetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Neutron_star" title="Template:Neutron star">Related links</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" title="Stellar black hole">Stellar black hole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_holes" title="Template:Black holes">Related links</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact star">Compact star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">Quark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">Exotic star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_helium_star" title="Extreme helium star">Extreme helium star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdwarf_B_star" title="Subdwarf B star">Subdwarf B star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_planet" title="Helium planet">Helium planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In binary<br />systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Nova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_remnant" title="Nova remnant">Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_novae" class="mw-redirect" title="List of novae">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_nova" title="Dwarf nova">Dwarf nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiotic_nova" title="Symbiotic nova">Symbiotic nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclysmic_variable_star" title="Cataclysmic variable star">Cataclysmic variable star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM_CVn_star" class="mw-redirect" title="AM CVn star">AM CVn star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_(cataclysmic_variable)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar (cataclysmic variable)">Polar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_polar" title="Intermediate polar">Intermediate polar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_binary" title="X-ray binary">X-ray binary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Super_soft_X-ray_source" title="Super soft X-ray source">Super soft X-ray source</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_pulsar" title="Binary pulsar">Binary pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_flash" title="Helium flash">Helium flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_detonation" title="Carbon detonation">Carbon detonation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsating_white_dwarf" title="Pulsating white dwarf">Pulsating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urca_process" title="Urca process">Urca process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_matter#Electron_degeneracy" title="Degenerate matter">Electron-degenerate matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-periodic_oscillations" class="mw-redirect" title="Quasi-periodic oscillations">Quasi-periodic oscillations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_nebula" title="Planetary nebula">Planetary nebula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planetary_nebulae" title="List of planetary nebulae">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robust_associations_of_massive_baryonic_objects" title="Robust associations of massive baryonic objects">RAMBOs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf_luminosity_function" class="mw-redirect" title="White dwarf luminosity function">White dwarf luminosity function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_white_dwarfs,_neutron_stars,_and_supernovae" title="Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae">Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_white_dwarfs" title="List of white dwarfs">List</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:White_dwarfs" title="Category:White dwarfs">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neutron_star" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neutron_star" title="Template:Neutron star"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neutron_star" title="Template talk:Neutron star"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neutron_star" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neutron star"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neutron_star" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron star</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio-quiet_neutron_star" title="Radio-quiet neutron star">Radio-quiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single pulsars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">Magnetar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_gamma_repeater" title="Soft gamma repeater">Soft gamma repeater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_X-ray_pulsar" title="Anomalous X-ray pulsar">Anomalous X-ray</a></li> <li>Ultra-long period</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotating_radio_transient" title="Rotating radio transient">Rotating radio transient</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Binary pulsars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_pulsar" title="Binary pulsar">Binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_pulsar" title="X-ray pulsar">X-ray pulsar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_binary" title="X-ray binary">X-ray binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_burster" title="X-ray burster">X-ray burster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_X-ray_pulsars" title="List of X-ray pulsars">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millisecond_pulsar" title="Millisecond pulsar">Millisecond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be/X-ray_binary" title="Be/X-ray binary">Be/X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star_spin-up" title="Neutron star spin-up">Spin-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulse%E2%80%93Taylor_pulsar" title="Hulse–Taylor pulsar">Hulse–Taylor pulsar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blitzar" title="Blitzar">Blitzar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_radio_burst" title="Fast radio burst">Fast radio burst</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondi_accretion" title="Bondi accretion">Bondi accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit" title="Chandrasekhar limit">Chandrasekhar limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_(astronomy)" title="Glitch (astronomy)">Glitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutron matter">Neutron matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron-star_oscillation" title="Neutron-star oscillation">Neutron-star oscillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_pulsar" title="Optical pulsar">Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_kick" title="Pulsar kick">Pulsar kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-periodic_oscillation" class="mw-redirect" title="Quasi-periodic oscillation">Quasi-periodic oscillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativistic_star" title="Relativistic star">Relativistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rp-process" title="Rp-process">Rp-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starquake_(astrophysics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Starquake (astrophysics)">Starquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar#Precise_clocks" title="Pulsar">Timing noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff_limit" title="Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit">Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urca_process" title="Urca process">Urca process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst_progenitors" title="Gamma-ray burst progenitors">Gamma-ray burst progenitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroseismology" title="Asteroseismology">Asteroseismology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact star">Compact star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">Quark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">Exotic star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_remnant" title="Supernova remnant">Supernova remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Supernovae" title="Template:Supernovae">Related links</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilonova" title="Kilonova">Kilonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microquasar" title="Microquasar">Microquasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star_merger" title="Neutron star merger">Neutron star merger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark-nova" title="Quark-nova">Quark-nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:White_dwarf" title="Template:White dwarf">Related links</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" title="Stellar black hole">Stellar black hole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_holes" title="Template:Black holes">Related links</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_star" title="Radio star">Radio star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_planet" title="Pulsar planet">Pulsar planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_wind_nebula" title="Pulsar wind nebula">Pulsar wind nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorne%E2%80%93%C5%BBytkow_object" title="Thorne–Żytkow object">Thorne–Żytkow object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QCD_matter" title="QCD matter">QCD matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discovery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSR_B1919%2B21" title="PSR B1919+21">LGM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaurus_X-3" title="Centaurus X-3">Centaurus X-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_white_dwarfs,_neutron_stars,_and_supernovae" title="Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae">Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite<br />investigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma Ray Observatory">Compton Gamma Ray Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra X-ray Observatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_pulsar-based_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="X-ray pulsar-based navigation">X-ray pulsar-based navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magnificent_Seven_(neutron_stars)" title="The Magnificent Seven (neutron stars)">The Magnificent Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neutron_stars" title="List of neutron stars">List of neutron stars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_massive_neutron_stars" title="List of most massive neutron stars">Most massive neutron stars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_stars_in_fiction" title="Neutron stars in fiction">Neutron stars in fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Neutron_stars" title="Category:Neutron stars">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neutron_stars" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Neutron stars">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Black_holes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_holes" title="Template:Black holes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_holes" title="Template talk:Black holes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_holes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black holes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_holes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">Black holes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_black_holes" title="Outline of black holes">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BTZ_black_hole" title="BTZ black hole">BTZ black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzschild_metric" title="Schwarzschild metric">Schwarzschild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotating_black_hole" title="Rotating black hole">Rotating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charged_black_hole" title="Charged black hole">Charged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_black_hole" title="Virtual black hole">Virtual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)" title="Kugelblitz (astrophysics)">Kugelblitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermassive_black_hole" title="Supermassive black hole">Supermassive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primordial_black_hole" title="Primordial black hole">Primordial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_collapse_black_hole" title="Direct collapse black hole">Direct collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_black_hole" title="Rogue black hole">Rogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malament%E2%80%93Hogarth_spacetime" title="Malament–Hogarth spacetime">Malament–Hogarth spacetime</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_hole_-_Messier_87_crop_max_res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Black_hole_-_Messier_87_crop_max_res.jpg/80px-Black_hole_-_Messier_87_crop_max_res.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Black_hole_-_Messier_87_crop_max_res.jpg/120px-Black_hole_-_Messier_87_crop_max_res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Black_hole_-_Messier_87_crop_max_res.jpg/160px-Black_hole_-_Messier_87_crop_max_res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micro_black_hole" title="Micro black hole">Micro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extremal_black_hole" title="Extremal black hole">Extremal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_hole_electron" title="Black hole electron">Electron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" title="Stellar black hole">Stellar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microquasar" title="Microquasar">Microquasar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate-mass_black_hole" title="Intermediate-mass black hole">Intermediate-mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermassive_black_hole" title="Supermassive black hole">Supermassive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_galactic_nucleus" title="Active galactic nucleus">Active galactic nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasar" title="Quasar">Quasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_quasar_group" title="Large quasar group">LQG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazar" title="Blazar">Blazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OVV_quasar" title="OVV quasar">OVV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Formation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">Stellar evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_collapse" title="Gravitational collapse">Gravitational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Neutron_star" title="Template:Neutron star">Related links</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff_limit" title="Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit">Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:White_dwarf" title="Template:White dwarf">Related links</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superluminous_supernova" title="Superluminous supernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Supernovae" title="Template:Supernovae">Related links</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_black_hole" title="Binary black hole">Binary black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">Quark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermassive_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermassive star">Supermassive star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-star" title="Quasi-star">Quasi-star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_star_(dark_matter)" title="Dark star (dark matter)">Supermassive dark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_binary" title="X-ray binary">X-ray binary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrophysical_jet" title="Astrophysical jet">Astrophysical jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_singularity" title="Gravitational singularity">Gravitational singularity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring_singularity" title="Ring singularity">Ring singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrose%E2%80%93Hawking_singularity_theorems" title="Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems">Theorems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_horizon" title="Event horizon">Event horizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photon_sphere" title="Photon sphere">Photon sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innermost_stable_circular_orbit" title="Innermost stable circular orbit">Innermost stable circular orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergosphere" title="Ergosphere">Ergosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penrose_process" title="Penrose process">Penrose process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandford%E2%80%93Znajek_process" title="Blandford–Znajek process">Blandford–Znajek process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Accretion disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawking_radiation" title="Hawking radiation">Hawking radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_lens" title="Gravitational lens">Gravitational lens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_microlensing" title="Gravitational microlensing">Microlens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondi_accretion" title="Bondi accretion">Bondi accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E2%80%93sigma_relation" title="M–sigma relation">M–sigma relation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-periodic_oscillation" class="mw-redirect" title="Quasi-periodic oscillation">Quasi-periodic oscillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_hole_thermodynamics" title="Black hole thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekenstein_bound" title="Bekenstein bound">Bekenstein bound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousso%27s_holographic_bound" title="Bousso's holographic bound">Bousso's holographic bound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immirzi_parameter" title="Immirzi parameter">Immirzi parameter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius" title="Schwarzschild radius">Schwarzschild radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghettification" title="Spaghettification">Spaghettification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_hole_complementarity" title="Black hole complementarity">Black hole complementarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_hole_information_paradox" title="Black hole information paradox">Information paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_censorship_hypothesis" title="Cosmic censorship hypothesis">Cosmic censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ER_%3D_EPR" title="ER = EPR">ER = EPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_black_hole#Final_parsec_problem" title="Binary black hole">Final parsec problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewall_(physics)" title="Firewall (physics)">Firewall (physics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_principle" title="Holographic principle">Holographic principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-hair_theorem" title="No-hair theorem">No-hair theorem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Metrics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzschild_metric" title="Schwarzschild metric">Schwarzschild</a> (<a href="/wiki/Derivation_of_the_Schwarzschild_solution" title="Derivation of the Schwarzschild solution">Derivation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerr_metric" title="Kerr metric">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reissner%E2%80%93Nordstr%C3%B6m_metric" title="Reissner–Nordström metric">Reissner–Nordström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerr%E2%80%93Newman_metric" title="Kerr–Newman metric">Kerr–Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayward_metric" title="Hayward metric">Hayward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Alternatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonsingular_black_hole_models" title="Nonsingular black hole models">Nonsingular black hole models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_star_(semiclassical_gravity)" title="Black star (semiclassical gravity)">Black star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_star_(Newtonian_mechanics)" title="Dark star (Newtonian mechanics)">Dark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark-energy_star" title="Dark-energy star">Dark-energy star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravastar" title="Gravastar">Gravastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_eternally_collapsing_object" title="Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object">Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_star" title="Planck star">Planck star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_star" title="Q star">Q star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzzball_(string_theory)" title="Fuzzball (string theory)">Fuzzball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geon_(physics)" title="Geon (physics)">Geon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Analogs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_black_hole" title="Optical black hole">Optical black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic_black_hole" title="Sonic black hole">Sonic black hole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_black_holes" title="Lists of black holes">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_black_holes" title="List of black holes">Black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_massive_black_holes" title="List of most massive black holes">Most massive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_known_black_holes" title="List of nearest known black holes">Nearest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quasars" title="List of quasars">Quasars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microquasars" title="List of microquasars">Microquasars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_black_holes" title="Outline of black holes">Outline of black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hole_Initiative" title="Black Hole Initiative">Black Hole Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_hole_starship" title="Black hole starship">Black hole starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bounce" title="Big Bounce">Big Bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact star">Compact star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">Exotic star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">Quark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preon_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Preon star">Preon star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational waves">Gravitational waves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst_progenitors" title="Gamma-ray burst progenitors">Gamma-ray burst progenitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity well">Gravity well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercompact_stellar_system" title="Hypercompact stellar system">Hypercompact stellar system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membrane_paradigm" title="Membrane paradigm">Membrane paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_singularity" title="Naked singularity">Naked singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_III_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Population III star">Population III star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermassive_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermassive star">Supermassive star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-star" title="Quasi-star">Quasi-star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_star_(dark_matter)" title="Dark star (dark matter)">Supermassive dark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superluminal_motion" title="Superluminal motion">Superluminal motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_black_hole_physics" title="Timeline of black hole physics">Timeline of black hole physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_hole" title="White hole">White hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormhole" title="Wormhole">Wormhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_disruption_event" title="Tidal disruption event">Tidal disruption event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_Nine" title="Planet Nine">Planet Nine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Notable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_X-1" title="Cygnus X-1">Cygnus X-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XTE_J1650-500" class="mw-redirect" title="XTE J1650-500">XTE J1650-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XTE_J1118%2B480" title="XTE J1118+480">XTE J1118+480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A0620-00" title="A0620-00">A0620-00</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_A*" title="Sagittarius A*">Sagittarius A*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaurus_A" title="Centaurus A">Centaurus A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Cluster" title="Phoenix Cluster">Phoenix Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PKS_1302-102" title="PKS 1302-102">PKS 1302-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OJ_287" title="OJ 287">OJ 287</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDSS_J0849%2B1114" title="SDSS J0849+1114">SDSS J0849+1114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TON_618" title="TON 618">TON 618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_0735.6%2B7421" title="MS 0735.6+7421">MS 0735.6+7421</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeVe_1" title="NeVe 1">NeVe 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_A" title="Hercules A">Hercules A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3C_273" title="3C 273">3C 273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q0906%2B6930" title="Q0906+6930">Q0906+6930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markarian_501" title="Markarian 501">Markarian 501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ULAS_J1342%2B0928" title="ULAS J1342+0928">ULAS J1342+0928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSO_J030947.49%2B271757.31" title="PSO J030947.49+271757.31">PSO J030947.49+271757.31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT2018hyz" title="AT2018hyz">AT2018hyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_J1644%2B57" title="Swift J1644+57">Swift J1644+57</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_holes" title="Category:Black holes">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Black_holes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Black holes">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stellar_core_collapse" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stellar_core_collapse" title="Template:Stellar core collapse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stellar_core_collapse" title="Template talk:Stellar core collapse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stellar_core_collapse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stellar core collapse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stellar_core_collapse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_core" title="Stellar core">Stellar core</a> <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_collapse" title="Gravitational collapse">collapse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">Stars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_formation" title="Star formation">Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_structure" title="Stellar structure">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_core" title="Stellar core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallicity" title="Metallicity">Metallicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar physics">Stellar physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophysical_plasma" title="Astrophysical plasma">Stellar plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergiant_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Supergiant star">Supergiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Variable_star_topics" title="Template:Variable star topics">Variable star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclysmic_variable_star" title="Cataclysmic variable star">Cataclysmic variable star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_star" title="Binary star">Binary star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_binary" title="X-ray binary">X-ray binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_soft_X-ray_source" title="Super soft X-ray source">Super soft X-ray source</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Core_collapse_scenario.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Core_collapse_scenario.svg/270px-Core_collapse_scenario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Core_collapse_scenario.svg/405px-Core_collapse_scenario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Core_collapse_scenario.svg/540px-Core_collapse_scenario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stellar processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">Nuclear fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Surface fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis" title="Stellar nucleosynthesis">Nucleosynthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-process" title="R-process">R-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rp-process" title="Rp-process">RP-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_nucleosynthesis" title="Supernova nucleosynthesis">Supernova nucleosynthesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">Accretion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bondi_accretion" title="Bondi accretion">Bondi accretion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">Electron capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_detonation" title="Carbon detonation">Carbon detonation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carbon_deflagration" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon deflagration">deflagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_flash" title="Helium flash">Helium flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_decay" title="Orbital decay">Orbital decay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collapse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_collapse" title="Gravitational collapse">Gravitational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit" title="Chandrasekhar limit">Chandrasekhar limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff_limit" title="Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit">Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernovae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova" title="Type Ia supernova">Type Ia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_Ib_and_Ic_supernovae" title="Type Ib and Ic supernovae">Type Ib and Ic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_II_supernova" title="Type II supernova">Type II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pair-instability_supernova" title="Pair-instability supernova">Pair instability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark-nova" title="Quark-nova">Quark-nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_remnant" title="Supernova remnant">Remnant</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Supernovae" title="Template:Supernovae">More...</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact star">Compact and <br />exotic objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasar" title="Quasar">Quasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">Magnetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-quiet_neutron_star" title="Radio-quiet neutron star">Radio-quiet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" title="Stellar black hole">Black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapsar" title="Collapsar">Collapsar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shell_collapsar" title="Shell collapsar">Shell collapsar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">Exotic star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">Quark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroweak_star" title="Electroweak star">Electroweak star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_white_dwarfs,_neutron_stars,_and_supernovae" title="Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae">Observational timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Particles, forces, <br />and interactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_particle" title="Elementary particle">Elementary particles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_interaction" title="Fundamental interaction">Fundamental interactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction">Strong interaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weak_interaction" title="Weak interaction">Weak interaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitation">Gravitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pair_production" title="Pair production">Pair production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverse_beta_decay" title="Inverse beta decay">Inverse beta decay (electron capture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degeneracy_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneracy pressure">Degeneracy pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_degeneracy_pressure" title="Electron degeneracy pressure">Electron degeneracy pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauli_exclusion_principle" title="Pauli exclusion principle">Pauli exclusion principle</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_processes" title="Template:Nuclear processes">More...</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">Quantum theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">Quantum mechanics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics" title="Introduction to quantum mechanics">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_concepts_of_quantum_mechanics" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic concepts of quantum mechanics">Basic concepts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_electrodynamics" title="Quantum electrodynamics">Quantum electrodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_hydrodynamics" title="Quantum hydrodynamics">Quantum hydrodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics" title="Quantum chromodynamics">Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_QCD" title="Lattice QCD">Lattice QCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_confinement" title="Color confinement">Color confinement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconfinement" title="Deconfinement">Deconfinement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_matter" title="Degenerate matter">Degenerate matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutronium" title="Neutronium">Neutron matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QCD_matter" title="QCD matter">QCD matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark matter">Quark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark%E2%80%93gluon_plasma" title="Quark–gluon plasma">Quark–gluon plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preon_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Preon matter">Preon matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangelet" title="Strangelet">Strangelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_matter" title="Strange matter">Strange matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_astrophysics" title="Nuclear astrophysics">Nuclear astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_cosmology" title="Physical cosmology">Physical cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_wave" title="Shock wave">Physics of shock waves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/14px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/21px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/28px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Stars" title="Portal:Stars">Stars portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Supernovae" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Supernovae" title="Template:Supernovae"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Supernovae" title="Template talk:Supernovae"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Supernovae" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Supernovae"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Supernovae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernovae</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova" title="Type Ia supernova">Type Ia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_Iax_supernova" title="Type Iax supernova">Type Iax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_Ib_and_Ic_supernovae" title="Type Ib and Ic supernovae">Type Ib and Ic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_II_supernova" title="Type II supernova">Type II (IIP, IIL, IIn, and IIb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superluminous_supernova" title="Superluminous supernova">Superluminous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pair-instability_supernova" title="Pair-instability supernova">Pair-instability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium-rich_supernovae" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium-rich supernovae">Calcium-rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_envelope_jets_supernova" title="Common envelope jets supernova">Common envelope jets supernova</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg/180px-G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg/270px-G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg/360px-G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="946" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_detonation" title="Carbon detonation">Carbon detonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foe_(unit)" title="Foe (unit)">Foe/Bethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_supernova" title="Near-Earth supernova">Near-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_relationship" title="Phillips relationship">Phillips relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_nucleosynthesis" title="Supernova nucleosynthesis">Nucleosynthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P-process" title="P-process">p-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-process" title="R-process">r-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_process_(astrophysics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma process (astrophysics)">γ-process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_neutrinos" title="Supernova neutrinos">Neutrinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Failed_supernova" title="Failed supernova">Failed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_blue_optical_transient" title="Fast blue optical transient">Fast blue optical transient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_radio_burst" title="Fast radio burst">Fast radio burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_wave" title="Gravitational wave">Gravitational wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilonova" title="Kilonova">Kilonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_red_nova" title="Luminous red nova">Luminous red nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_kick" title="Pulsar kick">Pulsar kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark-nova" title="Quark-nova">Quark-nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_gamma_repeater" title="Soft gamma repeater">Soft gamma repeater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_impostor" title="Supernova impostor">Imposter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsational_pair-instability_supernova" title="Pulsational pair-instability supernova">pulsational pair-instability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiotic_nova" title="Symbiotic nova">Symbiotic nova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Progenitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypergiant" title="Hypergiant">Hypergiant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_hypergiant" title="Yellow hypergiant">yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_hypergiant" class="mw-redirect" title="Red hypergiant">Red</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_blue_variable" title="Luminous blue variable">Luminous blue variable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergiant_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Supergiant star">Supergiant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_supergiant_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue supergiant star">blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_supergiant_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Red supergiant star">red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_supergiant_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow supergiant star">yellow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf%E2%80%93Rayet_star" title="Wolf–Rayet star">Wolf–Rayet star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-AGB_star" title="Super-AGB star">Super-AGB star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_III_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Population III star">Population III star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remnants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_remnant" title="Supernova remnant">Supernova remnant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_wind_nebula" title="Pulsar wind nebula">Pulsar wind nebula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">magnetar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" title="Stellar black hole">Stellar black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact star">Compact star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electroweak_star" title="Electroweak star">electroweak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">exotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">quark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Zombie star">Zombie star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Bubble" title="Local Bubble">Local Bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superbubble" title="Superbubble">Superbubble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orion%E2%80%93Eridanus_Superbubble" title="Orion–Eridanus Superbubble">Orion–Eridanus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discovery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guest_star_(astronomy)" title="Guest star (astronomy)">Guest star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_supernova_observation" title="History of supernova observation">History of supernova observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_white_dwarfs,_neutron_stars,_and_supernovae" title="Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae">Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernova_candidates" title="List of supernova candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernovae" title="List of supernovae">Notable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_massive_stars" title="List of most massive stars">Massive stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_distant_supernovae" title="List of most distant supernovae">Most distant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernova_remnants" title="List of supernova remnants">Remnants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernovae_in_fiction" title="Supernovae in fiction">In fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnard%27s_Loop" title="Barnard's Loop">Barnard's Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_A" title="Cassiopeia A">Cassiopeia A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1054" title="SN 1054">SN 1054</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab_Nebula" title="Crab Nebula">Crab Nebula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPTF14hls" title="IPTF14hls">iPTF14hls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1000%2B0216" title="SN 1000+0216">SN 1000+0216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1572" title="SN 1572">Tycho's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler%27s_Supernova" title="Kepler's Supernova">Kepler's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1885A" title="SN 1885A">SN 1885A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1987A" title="SN 1987A">SN 1987A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1994D" title="SN 1994D">SN 1994D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_185" title="SN 185">SN 185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1006" title="SN 1006">SN 1006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2003fg" title="SN 2003fg">SN 2003fg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G1.9%2B0.3" title="G1.9+0.3">Remnant G1.9+0.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2007bi" title="SN 2007bi">SN 2007bi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2011fe" title="SN 2011fe">SN 2011fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2014J" title="SN 2014J">SN 2014J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_Refsdal" title="SN Refsdal">SN Refsdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_Supernova_Remnant" title="Vela Supernova Remnant">Vela Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2006gy" title="SN 2006gy">SN 2006gy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASASSN-15lh" title="ASASSN-15lh">ASASSN-15lh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2016aps" title="SN 2016aps">SN 2016aps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2018cow" title="SN 2018cow">SN 2018cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2022jli" title="SN 2022jli">SN 2022jli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_H0pe" title="SN H0pe">SN H0pe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Sky_Automated_Survey_for_SuperNovae" title="All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae">ASAS-SN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%A1n/Tololo_Survey" title="Calán/Tololo Survey">Calán/Tololo Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Z_Supernova_Search_Team" title="High-Z Supernova Search Team">High-Z Supernova Search Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzman_Automatic_Imaging_Telescope" title="Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope">Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Agliale_Supernovae_and_Asteroid_Survey" title="Monte Agliale Supernovae and Asteroid Survey">Monte Agliale Supernovae and Asteroid Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearby_Supernova_Factory" title="Nearby Supernova Factory">Nearby Supernova Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloan_Digital_Sky_Survey#Sloan_Supernova_Survey" title="Sloan Digital Sky Survey">Sloan Supernova Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova/Acceleration_Probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernova/Acceleration Probe">Supernova/Acceleration Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_Cosmology_Project" title="Supernova Cosmology Project">Supernova Cosmology Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperNova_Early_Warning_System" title="SuperNova Early Warning System">SuperNova Early Warning System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_Legacy_Survey" title="Supernova Legacy Survey">Supernova Legacy Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Supernova_Search" title="Texas Supernova Search">Texas Supernova Search</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Supernovae" title="Category:Supernovae">Category:Supernovae</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Supernovae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Supernovae">Commons:Supernovae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Star" title="Template:Star"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Star" title="Template talk:Star"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Star" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Star"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">Stars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_stars" title="Lists of stars">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_formation" title="Star formation">Formation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">Accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_cloud" title="Molecular cloud">Molecular cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bok_globule" title="Bok globule">Bok globule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_stellar_object" title="Young stellar object">Young stellar object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protostar" title="Protostar">Protostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-main-sequence_star" title="Pre-main-sequence star">Pre-main-sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbig_Ae/Be_star" title="Herbig Ae/Be star">Herbig Ae/Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Tauri_star" title="T Tauri star">T Tauri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbig%E2%80%93Haro_object" title="Herbig–Haro object">Herbig–Haro object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayashi_track" title="Hayashi track">Hayashi track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henyey_track" title="Henyey track">Henyey track</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_sequence" title="Main sequence">Main sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-giant_branch" title="Red-giant branch">Red-giant branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_branch" title="Horizontal branch">Horizontal branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_clump" title="Red clump">Red clump</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch" title="Asymptotic giant branch">Asymptotic giant branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-AGB_star" title="Post-AGB star">post-AGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-AGB_star" title="Super-AGB star">super-AGB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_loop" title="Blue loop">Blue loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_nebula" title="Planetary nebula">Planetary nebula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_nebula" title="Protoplanetary nebula">Protoplanetary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Rayet_nebula" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolf-Rayet nebula">Wolf-Rayet nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PG_1159_star" title="PG 1159 star">PG1159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredge-up" title="Dredge-up">Dredge-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OH/IR_star" title="OH/IR star">OH/IR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instability_strip" title="Instability strip">Instability strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_blue_variable" title="Luminous blue variable">Luminous blue variable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_population" title="Stellar population">Stellar population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superluminous_supernova" title="Superluminous supernova">Superluminous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification" title="Stellar classification">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early-type_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Early-type star">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late-type_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-type star">Late</a></li> <li>Main sequence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O-type_main-sequence_star" title="O-type main-sequence star">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-type_main-sequence_star" title="B-type main-sequence star">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-type_main-sequence_star" title="A-type main-sequence star">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-type_main-sequence_star" title="F-type main-sequence star">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-type_main-sequence_star" title="G-type main-sequence star">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-type_main-sequence_star" title="K-type main-sequence star">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_dwarf" title="Red dwarf">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdwarf" title="Subdwarf">Subdwarf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdwarf_O_star" title="Subdwarf O star">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdwarf_B_star" title="Subdwarf B star">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf%E2%80%93Rayet_star" title="Wolf–Rayet star">WR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OB_star" title="OB star">OB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subgiant" title="Subgiant">Subgiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_star" title="Giant star">Giant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_giant" title="Blue giant">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_giant" title="Red giant">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_giant" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow giant">Yellow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_giant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright giant">Bright giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergiant" title="Supergiant">Supergiant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_supergiant" title="Blue supergiant">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_supergiant" title="Red supergiant">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_supergiant" title="Yellow supergiant">Yellow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergiant" title="Hypergiant">Hypergiant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_hypergiant" title="Yellow hypergiant">Yellow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_star" title="Carbon star">Carbon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S-type_star" title="S-type star">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CN_star" title="CN star">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH_star" title="CH star">CH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star" title="Chemically peculiar star">Chemically peculiar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am_star" title="Am star">Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ap_and_Bp_stars" title="Ap and Bp stars">Ap/Bp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEMP_star" title="CEMP star">CEMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-manganese_star" title="Mercury-manganese star">HgMn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium-weak_star" title="Helium-weak star">He-weak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_star" title="Barium star">Barium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Bo%C3%B6tis_star" title="Lambda Boötis star">Lambda Boötis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_star" title="Lead star">Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_star" title="Technetium star">Technetium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_star" title="Be star">Be</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shell_star" title="Shell star">Shell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B(e)_star" title="B(e) star">B[e]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_star" title="Helium star">Helium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_helium_star" title="Extreme helium star">Extreme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_straggler" title="Blue straggler">Blue straggler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact star">Remnants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact star">Compact star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS_00500%2B6713" title="IRAS 00500+6713">Parker's star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helium_planet" title="Helium planet">Helium planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio-quiet_neutron_star" title="Radio-quiet neutron star">Radio-quiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_pulsar" title="Binary pulsar">Binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_pulsar" title="X-ray pulsar">X-ray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">Magnetar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" title="Stellar black hole">Stellar black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_binary" title="X-ray binary">X-ray binary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_burster" title="X-ray burster">Burster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_gamma_repeater" title="Soft gamma repeater">SGR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_star" title="Hypothetical star">Hypothetical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_dwarf_(red-dwarf_stage)" title="Blue dwarf (red-dwarf stage)">Blue dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_dwarf" title="Black dwarf">Black dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">Exotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boson_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Boson star">Boson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroweak_star" title="Electroweak star">Electroweak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_star" title="Strange star">Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preon_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Preon star">Preon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_star" title="Planck star">Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_star_(dark_matter)" title="Dark star (dark matter)">Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark-energy_star" title="Dark-energy star">Dark-energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_star" title="Q star">Q</a></li></ul></li> <li>Black hole star <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_star_(semiclassical_gravity)" title="Black star (semiclassical gravity)">Black</a></li> <li>Hawking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-star" title="Quasi-star">Quasi-star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravastar" title="Gravastar">Gravastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorne%E2%80%93%C5%BBytkow_object" title="Thorne–Żytkow object">Thorne–Żytkow object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_star" title="Iron star">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzar" title="Blitzar">Blitzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_hole" title="White hole">White hole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis" title="Stellar nucleosynthesis">Nucleosynthesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuterium_fusion" title="Deuterium fusion">Deuterium burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_burning" title="Lithium burning">Lithium burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain" title="Proton–proton chain">Proton–proton chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNO_cycle" title="CNO cycle">CNO cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_flash" title="Helium flash">Helium flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple-alpha_process" title="Triple-alpha process">Triple-alpha process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_process" title="Alpha process">Alpha process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon-burning_process" title="Carbon-burning process">C burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon-burning_process" title="Neon-burning process">Ne burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen-burning_process" title="Oxygen-burning process">O burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon-burning_process" title="Silicon-burning process">Si burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-process" title="S-process">s-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-process" title="R-process">r-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-process" title="P-process">p-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusor_(astronomy)" title="Fusor (astronomy)">Fusor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Nova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbiotic_nova" title="Symbiotic nova">Symbiotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_remnant" title="Nova remnant">Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_red_nova" title="Luminous red nova">Luminous red nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova#Recurrent_novae" title="Nova">Recurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_nucleosynthesis" title="Supernova nucleosynthesis">Supernova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_structure" title="Stellar structure">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_core" title="Stellar core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection_zone" title="Convection zone">Convection zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microturbulence" title="Microturbulence">Microturbulence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-like_oscillations" title="Solar-like oscillations">Oscillations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation zone">Radiation zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_atmosphere" title="Stellar atmosphere">Atmosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photosphere" title="Photosphere">Photosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starspot" title="Starspot">Starspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosphere" title="Chromosphere">Chromosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_corona" title="Stellar corona">Stellar corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfv%C3%A9n_surface" title="Alfvén surface">Alfvén surface</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_wind" title="Stellar wind">Stellar wind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellar-wind_bubble" title="Stellar-wind bubble">Bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipolar_outflow" title="Bipolar outflow">Bipolar outflow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Accretion disk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">Protoplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proplyd" title="Proplyd">Proplyd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroseismology" title="Asteroseismology">Asteroseismology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helioseismology" title="Helioseismology">Helioseismology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_dust" title="Circumstellar dust">Circumstellar dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_envelope" title="Circumstellar envelope">Circumstellar envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddington_luminosity" title="Eddington luminosity">Eddington luminosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin%E2%80%93Helmholtz_mechanism" title="Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism">Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_designations_and_names" title="Stellar designations and names">Designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_dynamics" title="Stellar dynamics">Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature">Effective temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminosity" title="Luminosity">Luminosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_kinematics" title="Stellar kinematics">Kinematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_magnetic_field" title="Stellar magnetic field">Magnetic field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_mass" title="Stellar mass">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallicity" title="Metallicity">Metallicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_rotation" title="Stellar rotation">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlight" title="Starlight">Starlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_star" title="Variable star">Variable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photometric_system" title="Photometric system">Photometric system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_index" title="Color index">Color index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung%E2%80%93Russell_diagram" title="Hertzsprung–Russell diagram">Hertzsprung–Russell diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color%E2%80%93color_diagram" title="Color–color diagram">Color–color diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B6mgren_sphere" title="Strömgren sphere">Strömgren sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_break" title="Kraft break">Kraft break</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_system" title="Star system">Star systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_star" title="Binary star">Binary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contact_binary" title="Contact binary">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_envelope" title="Common envelope">Common envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipsing_binary" class="mw-redirect" title="Eclipsing binary">Eclipsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiotic_binary" title="Symbiotic binary">Symbiotic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_system#Multiple_star_systems" title="Star system">Multiple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_cluster" title="Star cluster">Cluster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_cluster" title="Open cluster">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globular_cluster" title="Globular cluster">Globular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_star_cluster" title="Super star cluster">Super</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">Planetary system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth-centric<br />observations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">Solar eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_radio_emission" title="Solar radio emission">Solar radio emission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">Sunlight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_star" title="Pole star">Pole star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumpolar_star" title="Circumpolar star">Circumpolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(astronomy)" title="Asterism (astronomy)">Asterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy)">Magnitude</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_(astronomy)" title="Extinction (astronomy)">Extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_magnitude" title="Photographic magnitude">Photographic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_velocity" title="Radial velocity">Radial velocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_motion" title="Proper motion">Proper motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_parallax" title="Stellar parallax">Parallax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photometric-standard_star" title="Photometric-standard star">Photometric-standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_stars" title="Lists of stars">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proper_names_of_stars" title="List of proper names of stars">Proper names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arabic_star_names" title="List of Arabic star names">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_star_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese star names">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_star_extremes" title="List of star extremes">Extremes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_massive_stars" title="List of most massive stars">Most massive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hottest_stars" title="List of hottest stars">Highest temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coolest_stars" title="List of coolest stars">Lowest temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_known_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest known stars">Largest volume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smallest_known_stars" title="List of smallest known stars">Smallest volume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brightest_stars" title="List of brightest stars">Brightest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_brightest_stars" title="Historical brightest stars">Historical brightest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_luminous_stars" title="List of most luminous stars">Most luminous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_stars" title="List of nearest stars">Nearest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_bright_stars" title="List of nearest bright stars">bright</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_distant_astronomical_objects#List_of_most_distant_objects_by_type" title="List of the most distant astronomical objects">Most distant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_with_resolved_images" title="List of stars with resolved images">With resolved images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multiplanetary_systems" title="List of multiplanetary systems">With multiple exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brown_dwarfs" title="List of brown dwarfs">Brown dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_red_dwarfs" title="List of red dwarfs">Red dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_white_dwarfs" title="List of white dwarfs">White dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_novae_in_the_Milky_Way_galaxy" title="List of novae in the Milky Way galaxy">Milky Way novae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernovae" title="List of supernovae">Supernovae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernova_candidates" title="List of supernova candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernova_remnants" title="List of supernova remnants">Remnants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planetary_nebulae" title="List of planetary nebulae">Planetary nebulae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_stellar_astronomy" title="Timeline of stellar astronomy">Timeline of stellar astronomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substellar_object" title="Substellar object">Substellar object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_dwarf" title="Brown dwarf">Brown dwarf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-dwarf_desert" title="Brown-dwarf desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-brown_dwarf" title="Sub-brown dwarf">Sub</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_year" title="Galactic year">Galactic year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_star_(astronomy)" title="Guest star (astronomy)">Guest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">Gravity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_star" title="Intergalactic star">Intergalactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet-hosting_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet-hosting stars">Planet-hosting stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_disruption_event" title="Tidal disruption event">Tidal disruption event</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Stars" title="Category:Stars">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/14px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/21px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/28px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Stars" title="Portal:Stars">Stars portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid 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.portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/19px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/29px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/38px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/29px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, 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