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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Armenian genocide denial - RationalWiki</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"Z0q6JtcUbEnKS-0qo6Y4ZAAAAMY","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Armenian_genocide_denial","wgTitle":"Armenian genocide denial","wgCurRevisionId":2692981,"wgRevisionId":2692981,"wgArticleId":123371,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using DynamicPageList parser function","Articles that need better sourced statements","Articles needing explanation","Denialism","Silver-level articles","Asian history","Anti-Christian bigotry","European history","Conspiracy theories","Fascism","Genocide","Genocide denial", "Government coverups","History","Law","Nationalism","Nationalist pseudohistory","Pseudohistory","Racism","Turkey","War","World War I"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Armenian_genocide_denial","wgRelevantArticleId":123371,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":!0,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":!0};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.35.6"/> <meta name="description" content="Armenian genocide denial refers to the denial of the genocide against (already systematically discriminated) Armenians, Greeks, and Assyrians committed by the Ottoman Empire under the rule of the Young Turks&#91;note 1&#93; from 1915 to 1918. 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Turkey denies that the Ottomans were responsible for the killing of one million Armenians during World War I, arguing that:"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Armenian_genocide_denial rootpage-Armenian_genocide_denial skin-vector action-view minerva--history-page-action-enabled skin-vector-legacy"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><div id="localNotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><table class="messagebox mb-brainwatermark-light mb-info" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mb-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Information_icon.svg" class="image"><img alt="Information icon.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/50px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/75px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/100px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a> </td> <td class="mb-text"><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Moderator_elections/Election_booth" title="RationalWiki:Moderator elections/Election booth">Voting</a></b> in the <b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Moderator_elections" title="RationalWiki:Moderator elections">2024 RationalWiki Moderator Election</a></b> is now open </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content"> <div id="mw-indicator-silver" class="mw-indicator"><a href="/wiki/Category:Silver-level_articles" title="Category:Silver-level articles"><img alt="Silver-level article" src="/w/images/thumb/d/dd/Silverbrain.png/25px-Silverbrain.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" style="vertical-align: baseline" srcset="/w/images/thumb/d/dd/Silverbrain.png/38px-Silverbrain.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/d/dd/Silverbrain.png/50px-Silverbrain.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Armenian genocide denial</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From RationalWiki</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p435b.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p435b.jpg/165px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p435b.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="119" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p435b.jpg/248px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p435b.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p435b.jpg/330px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p435b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1041" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p435b.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Human remains from the massacre of the Armenians at Erzincan</div></div></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #008080; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:white; background-color:#008080"><b>Not just a river in Egypt</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism"><font size="4" color="white"><b>Denialism</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dcebeb;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Denialism" title="Category:Denialism"><img alt="Icon denialism.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/c/ca/Icon_denialism.svg/100px-Icon_denialism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/c/ca/Icon_denialism.svg/150px-Icon_denialism.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/c/ca/Icon_denialism.svg/200px-Icon_denialism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:white; background-color:#008080; text-align:center;"><b>Alternative facts</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dcebeb;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Level_experiment" title="Bedford Level experiment">Bedford Level experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">Tobacco smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccination_movement" title="Anti-vaccination movement">Anti-vaccination movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">Great Barrington Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:white; background-color:#008080; text-align:center;"><b>♫ We're not listening ♫</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dcebeb;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PPSIMMONS" title="PPSIMMONS">PPSIMMONS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_North" title="Gary North">Gary North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Turner" title="Hal Turner">Hal Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVJ" title="TVJ">TVJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_for_Western_Civilization" title="Youth for Western Civilization">Youth for Western Civilization</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:DenialismSide" title="Template:DenialismSide">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DenialismSide" title="Template talk:DenialismSide">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:DenialismSide&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Who, after all, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Armenian genocide denial</b> refers to the <a href="/wiki/Denial" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial">denial</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> against (already systematically <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discriminated</a>) <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greeks</a>, and Assyrians committed by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> under the rule of the Young Turks<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[note 1]</a></sup> from 1915 to 1918. Turkey denies that the Ottomans were responsible for the killing of one million Armenians during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, arguing that: </p> <ul><li>The death toll has been inflated;</li> <li>Ethnic violence killed Turks as well;</li> <li>Deportations and death marches were simply "temporary relocation" of Armenians for "security reasons" (i.e. the pesky Armenians were being overtly "rebellious", "hostile", or pro-<a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Russian</a>); and</li> <li>The Ottoman leadership didn't <i><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial#Functionalism_and_intentionalism_versus_Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">intend</a></i> to exterminate the Armenians, so it can't be called a "genocide."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></sup></li></ul> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#World_War_I_and_aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">World War I and aftermath</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Recognition"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Recognition</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Within_Turkey"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Within Turkey</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Red_herrings_in_CUP_genocide_denialism"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Red herrings in CUP genocide denialism</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#.22Armenians.2FGreeks_were_rebelling_and_killing_Turks.2FTurks_also_died.22"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">"Armenians/Greeks were rebelling and killing Turks/Turks also died"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#.22There_was_no_intent_to_exterminate_Christians.2FIt_was_just_deportation.22"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">"There was no intent to exterminate Christians/It was just deportation"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#.22Negligible_numbers_of_Christians_died.2FThere_were_less_than_1.5_million_Armenians_in_Turkey_in_1914.22"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">"Negligible numbers of Christians died/There were less than 1.5 million Armenians in Turkey in 1914"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#.22Ottoman_officials_made_sure_deportees_were_well_cared_for_and_fed_them.22"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">"Ottoman officials made sure deportees were well cared for and fed them"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#.22The_Kajaznuni_manifesto_exposes_Armenian_lies.22"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">"The Kajaznuni manifesto exposes Armenian lies"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#.22OMG_Armenians_were_involved_in_Turkish_society.22"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">"OMG Armenians were involved in Turkish society"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#.22Turkey_opened_archives.2C_Armenians_keep_theirs_closed.22"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">"Turkey opened archives, Armenians keep theirs closed"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#The_Harbord_Report"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">The Harbord Report</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#.22The_Malta_Trials.22"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">"The Malta Trials"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#.22Perincek_v_Switzerland.22"><span class="tocnumber">3.10</span> <span class="toctext">"Perincek v Switzerland"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="tocnumber">3.11</span> <span class="toctext">Conclusion</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Propaganda"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Propaganda</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#FactCheckArmenia.com"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">FactCheckArmenia.com</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#University_of_Minnesota_Lawsuit"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">University of Minnesota Lawsuit</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#The_Khojaly_massacre"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">The Khojaly massacre</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Similarities_with_Holocaust_denial"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Similarities with Holocaust denial</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#.22But_Armenians_collaborated_with_the_Nazis.22"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">"But Armenians collaborated with the Nazis"</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Antisemitic_inversion"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Antisemitic inversion</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Anti-Islamic_inversion"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Anti-Islamic inversion</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="World_War_I_and_aftermath">World War I and aftermath</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: World War I and aftermath">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div> <p>As early as 1915, <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> issued a statement that the Armenians were the victims of <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> and civilization (the term "<a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>" didn't exist then).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup> The Treaty of Sèvres, signed in 1920, created an Armenian state. However, <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, the first president of the Great National Assembly, refused to abide by the treaty. An Armenian Republic had been founded and new borders (which changed in Turkey's favor) were drawn between Armenia and Turkey by the Treaty of Kars,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></sup> signed with Armenians and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a>. This Armenian Republic, much smaller than that which was intended in Sèvres, was then subsumed into the Soviet Union by the Treaty of Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>Many more deportations of Armenians took place in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></sup> Turkey escaped being held responsible by the international community. </p> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:552px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Genocide_Map-en.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Armenian_Genocide_Map-en.svg/550px-Armenian_Genocide_Map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="270" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Armenian_Genocide_Map-en.svg/825px-Armenian_Genocide_Map-en.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Armenian_Genocide_Map-en.svg/1100px-Armenian_Genocide_Map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2574" data-file-height="1264" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Genocide_Map-en.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Nope, not a genocide!</div></div></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recognition">Recognition</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recognition">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg/300px-Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg/450px-Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg/600px-Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Turkish nationalist rally outside the White House.</div></div></div> <p>Recognition of the Armenian Genocide is a thorny issue since Turkey occupies a very strategic position in the world. Currently, 43 nations provide some level of recognition of the event. Historically, Turkey has leveraged its position as an important ally in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> to keep the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from recognizing the genocide, but the United States in 2021, as well as 49/50 of its states,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[note 2]</a></sup> joined the group of nations that recognize what the Ottomans did. Another holdout is <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, which has only tepidly recognized the genocide. This is largely because the Israelis are in between a rock and a hard place: Turkey is one of the few predominantly <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> nations in their region which maintains some level of <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomacy">diplomatic</a> ties with them. Nevertheless, some government agencies of Israel, such as the Knesset Education Committee, recognize the genocide.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> also refuses to recognize the genocide due to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and institutionalized anti-Armenianism in Azeri society, which further complicates matters since Azerbaijan is also a major Israeli ally and purchaser of weapons. In contrast, due to deteriorating relations with Turkey in the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a></sup>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a></sup> all slowly began taking measures to recognize the Armenian genocide in some form. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Within_Turkey">Within Turkey</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Within Turkey">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The Turkish government, as well as its <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> supporters, is probably the most outspoken objector to the term "genocide." In fact, a Turk, in Turkey, can even be arrested for acknowledging that one took place (a strange inversion of laws that criminalize <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a>). This falls under Article 301 of the Turkish penal code, which makes it a crime to "<a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">insult Turkishness</a>" (regardless of whether it's true).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a></sup> Prosecutors brought such a case in 2005 against writer Orhan Pamuk, who later won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in Literature.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-14">[12]</a></sup> </p><p>There are other Turks outside the Armenian community who recognize the Armenian Genocide. This includes scholars like Fatma Muge Cocek (a.k.a. Fatma Müge Göçek),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a></sup> and Taner Akçam as well as one of Turkey's most notable contemporary novelists Orhan Pamuk.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a></sup> This has not gone over well with much of the Turkish public, especially nationalists. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Red_herrings_in_CUP_genocide_denialism">Red herrings in CUP genocide denialism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Red herrings in CUP genocide denialism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress" class="extiw" title="wp:Committee of Union and Progress" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Committee of Union and Progress">CUP</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (<b>C</b>ommittee of <b>U</b>nion and <b>P</b>rogress) was a <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> political faction that basically controlled the nation's politics during and slightly before the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a></sup> During and slightly after that war, it engaged in genocide against Turkey's religious minorities, mostly <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenians</a>, Assyrians, and <a href="/wiki/Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a></sup> It was a branch of the Young Turks (no, not <a href="/wiki/Young_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Turks">those</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a></sup> Since then, the Turkish governments and especially Turkish nationalists have adopted a <a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">denialist</a> stance on the issue, using deceit and tricks in order to attempt to obscure and justify the atrocities, including numerous <a href="/wiki/Red_herring" title="Red herring">red herrings</a>, in order to deceive the public. </p> <h3><span id=""Armenians/Greeks_were_rebelling_and_killing_Turks/Turks_also_died""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22Armenians.2FGreeks_were_rebelling_and_killing_Turks.2FTurks_also_died.22">"Armenians/Greeks were rebelling and killing Turks/Turks also died"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: "Armenians/Greeks were rebelling and killing Turks/Turks also died"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_children_massacred.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Armenian_children_massacred.jpg/300px-Armenian_children_massacred.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="254" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Armenian_children_massacred.jpg/450px-Armenian_children_massacred.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Armenian_children_massacred.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="389" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_children_massacred.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Corpses of Armenian children slaughtered by the Ottomans during the 1895 Hamidian massacres.</div></div></div><p> Turkish nationalists often claim that Armenians were rebelling against the Ottoman state and collaborating with the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> army in order to justify their slaughter, with <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">hilarious</a> anecdotes that include Armenians boiling <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnant</a> Muslim women <a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">in vats of</a> jam.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a></sup> This is usually followed with a <i><b>ton</b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Blaming_the_victim" title="Blaming the victim">blaming the victim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">making themselves out</a> to be the victims of the violence. However, such a stand is historically problematic for a number of reasons.</p><div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Armenian_woman_in_slavery_after_the_genocide_bears_Thistles_to_fuel_home..jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/An_Armenian_woman_in_slavery_after_the_genocide_bears_Thistles_to_fuel_home..jpg/300px-An_Armenian_woman_in_slavery_after_the_genocide_bears_Thistles_to_fuel_home..jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="425" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/An_Armenian_woman_in_slavery_after_the_genocide_bears_Thistles_to_fuel_home..jpg/450px-An_Armenian_woman_in_slavery_after_the_genocide_bears_Thistles_to_fuel_home..jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/An_Armenian_woman_in_slavery_after_the_genocide_bears_Thistles_to_fuel_home..jpg/600px-An_Armenian_woman_in_slavery_after_the_genocide_bears_Thistles_to_fuel_home..jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="960" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Armenian_woman_in_slavery_after_the_genocide_bears_Thistles_to_fuel_home..jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An Armenian slave woman in Turkey after the genocide carrying thistles for fuel.</div></div></div> <ul><li>Turks and Kurds had already been slaughtering Armenians for decades in an attempt to eliminate them. In 1895, Turkish leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" class="extiw" title="wp:Abdul Hamid II" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Abdul Hamid II">Sultan Abdulhamid II</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, confronted with the horrifying spectacle of Armenians defending themselves against <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> depredations, ordered his troops to "give them a box on the ear" launching <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a> that killed hundreds of thousands.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a></sup></li></ul> <p>In fact, Turkish oppression of Christians went back hundreds of years, with two major bursts of slaughter that could easily be characterized as genocide in 1019.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a></sup><sup>[<a href="/wiki/Help:References" title="Help:References"><i>better sources needed</i></a>]</sup> and another one conducted in 1369 by the Turkic warlord <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur" class="extiw" title="wp:Timur" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Timur">Tamerlane</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> whose mass slaughter of Assyrians could also constitute a genocide<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a></sup> The Ottoman <i>devshirme</i> Janissary gathering system also counts as genocide.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[note 3]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>All Armenian rebellion and resistance was completely justified as an act of self-defense. All Armenian resistance was preceded by massacres of Armenian civilians. If they had not resisted, they would have died.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a></sup> As it was, mass rapes and forced conversions (about 200,000) still occurred. Armenian slaughter of Turks was non-systematic, and there was no organized plan to slaughter the Turkish population of Anatolia. Turkish and, especially, Kurdish women participated in the atrocities and were, therefore, legitimate targets of Armenian retaliation.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a></sup> Such actions had the added advantage of damaging the CUP's demographic plans. Turkish children also served as child soldiers and provided vital war labor services to the Ottoman state.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a></sup></li></ul> <p>Further Turkish propaganda aims to portray Armenians as collaborating with the <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> in order to justify their slaughter.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a></sup> However, as noted above, to the degree this actually happened it was perfectly excusable as self-defense. In fact, despite the horrors they had been subjected to, Ottoman Armenians in 1914 generally were loyal to and fought for the Ottoman army.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a></sup> Most Armenians fighting in the Russian army before the Tehcir decree were Eastern (that is, living in areas the Russians already controlled) Armenians, and the first victims of the genocide were ethnic Armenian soldiers <i>in the Ottoman army</i>, who were about the most loyal people possible. Until they realized they were being subjected to wholesale massacre, Armenians generally even complied with Turkish deportation orders.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a></sup> 550,000 <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greeks</a> were killed by the Turks before the war even started, during a period where the Greek government was pro-<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> (and hence friendly to the Ottomans.)<sup id="cite_ref-Aktar_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aktar-36">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a></sup> Thus, it is clear that the genocide was not for legitimate wartime reasons, or caused by fear of Armenian collaboration, but rather the product of bigotry against religious minorities. </p><p>Furthermore, it is usually conveniently forgotten by Turkish apologists that a significant portion (in fact, probably a majority) of Muslim deaths in Anatolia during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> were caused by seizures of property and food by the Ottoman government, which even forced Muslim poor and peasants to be worked to death in forced labor gangs (along, of course, with <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christians</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a></sup> Similarly, the massive quantities of dead bodies from victims of genocide led to considerable numbers of Muslim deaths from <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> due to all the rotting flesh.<sup id="cite_ref-War_Encyclopedia_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-War_Encyclopedia-39">[36]</a></sup> The amnesia over these events, with the corresponding shift of blame onto "Armenian gangs", is, therefore, a convenient method of hiding embarrassing and unappetizing history. Additionally, Turkish historians have taken to exhuming the mass graves of dead Armenians slaughtered in the genocide and portraying these as corpses of Muslims in order to pretend the perpetrators of the genocide were in fact its victims.<sup id="cite_ref-Aktar_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aktar-36">[33]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id=""There_was_no_intent_to_exterminate_Christians/It_was_just_deportation""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22There_was_no_intent_to_exterminate_Christians.2FIt_was_just_deportation.22">"There was no intent to exterminate Christians/It was just deportation"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: "There was no intent to exterminate Christians/It was just deportation"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Deir-ez-Zor_Excavations.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/6/6e/Deir-ez-Zor_Excavations.jpg/300px-Deir-ez-Zor_Excavations.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="194" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/6/6e/Deir-ez-Zor_Excavations.jpg/450px-Deir-ez-Zor_Excavations.jpg 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/6/6e/Deir-ez-Zor_Excavations.jpg/600px-Deir-ez-Zor_Excavations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1240" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Deir-ez-Zor_Excavations.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Excavation of Armenian remains at the former Deir-ez-Zor concentration camp in 1938. Armenian intellectual Harutyun Hovakimian is holding the skull, local tavern owner Murat Gilichian is at left, the bell ringer of a local church (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Hripsime_Church" class="extiw" title="wp:Saint Hripsime Church" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Saint Hripsime Church">St. Hripsime</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>) and an unidentified worker are in the background.</div></div></div> <p>Turkish denialists similarly claim that because "<a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit"><i>there was no intent</i></a>" to exterminate Christian minorities, it wasn't a genocide.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a></sup> This is similarly false. The Ottoman state created "butcher battalions" to slaughter <a href="/wiki/Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians">Christians</a> and engaged in the mass <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a> of women of Christian ethnicities while kidnapping children and forcibly converting them to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a></sup> From this, we know that either the massacres were intended or <a href="/wiki/Occam%27s_razor" title="Occam's razor">the Turks made organizations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Poe%27s_Law" title="Poe's Law">do things they didn't want to do</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenianmothermourning.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Armenianmothermourning.jpg/300px-Armenianmothermourning.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Armenianmothermourning.jpg/450px-Armenianmothermourning.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Armenianmothermourning.jpg/600px-Armenianmothermourning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2982" data-file-height="1992" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenianmothermourning.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An Armenian mother with the corpses of her five children.</div></div></div> <p>It is well documented that the deportation marches were specifically designed to slaughter minorities. Disease outbreaks among deportees went deliberately untreated.<sup id="cite_ref-War_Encyclopedia_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-War_Encyclopedia-39">[36]</a></sup> Turkish <a href="/wiki/Police_state" title="Police state">gendarmes</a> knowingly left Armenians in deserts without <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. Pregnant women were forced to leave their young babies to die in those same deserts. <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurds</a> <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">tortured</a> Armenian children to death. Entire families were slaughtered by <a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">rifle</a> fire or killed by means of knives, axes, or daggers. Women and children were tied up to be thrown to their deaths from heights. Others were burned up in straw barns or drowned in the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Euphrates</a>. The Ottomans deliberately <a href="/wiki/False_flag_operation" title="False flag operation">put turbans</a> on the bodies of dead Armenians in order to portray them as Muslims then hired Kurdish women to weep over the bodies. They then <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">photographed</a> the scene in order to portray the Armenians as aggressors and the Kurds as independently moving against the Armenians in revenge.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[note 4]</a></sup> Armenians, especially women and children, were widely sold as <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a> by their tormentors. Soldiers were ordered to slaughter Armenian civilians, and bounties were paid for their deaths. Property of the deceased was confiscated, and those who caused the deaths were generally allowed to keep a sizable portion. An Armenian woman from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_al-Ayn" class="extiw" title="wp:Ras al-Ayn" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Ras al-Ayn">Ras al-Ain</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, where even today the Turkish government is directing its genocidal attentions, was tortured for money by one of the gendarmes who then <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">raped</a> her daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a></sup> In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" class="extiw" title="wp:Diyarbakır" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Diyarbakır">Diyarbakir</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, nearly every house had at least one Armenian slave-maid, with an estimated 5,000 in the city at the time of the genocide.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/300px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/450px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/600px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="2731" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Armenian corpses along the "deportation" route.</div></div></div> <p>Nor was this the limit of the atrocities. The Turks and Kurds would forcibly undress young girls, make them bend over, rape them, then have them impaled through their <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vaginas</a> with sharpened wooden stakes shaped like crosses.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a></sup> Armenians were massacred around <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van,_Turkey" class="extiw" title="wp:Van, Turkey" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Van, Turkey">Van</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> without regard for age or sex.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:22</sup> The Muslims would kill young girls after raping them, slaughter young children by bashing their heads together, and cut off Armenian women's breasts.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:78</sup> One Turkish effendi provided an interesting perspective by pointing out that the Christians' <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> seemed to have no interest in saving them.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:93</sup> Ottoman gendarmes purposely threw bodies of dead Armenians into wells after killing them in order to make the water undrinkable for others.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup>Special bands (the aforementioned butcher battalions) were commissioned to provide young girls for the harems of Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:118-119</sup> Ottoman leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaat_Pasha" class="extiw" title="wp:Talaat Pasha" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Talaat Pasha">Talaat Pasha</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> remarked that what was being done to the Armenians was "<a href="/wiki/Psychopath" title="Psychopath">amusing</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:121</sup> Young Muslim boys of all ethnicities would throw stones and sticks at refugees, and, if they were near their own age, would kidnap and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual assault">sexually assault</a> them.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:139</sup> One prominent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malatya" class="extiw" title="wp:Malatya" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Malatya">Malatian</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> Muslim, Hadji Ghafour, ordered an Armenian slave girl stripped of her clothes and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution#8th_Amendment" title="United States Constitution">beaten to death</a> with a whip by his black slave for refusing to convert to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:153-157</sup> <a href="/wiki/Russia#.D0.A7.D0.B5.D1.87.D0.BD.D1.8F.CC.81" title="Russia">Chechen</a> auxiliaries in Ottoman pay enjoyed grabbing young girls, throwing them up in the air, and spearing them with their swords until they died, making a communal game out of the process, with dismounted Chechens providing the initial throws. Those who survived the first spearing were <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">"reused"</a> until they finally died. <a href="/wiki/Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews">Jews</a>, meanwhile, were forced by the Muslims to dispose of Armenians' bodies, although they were not killed.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:176-183</sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djevdet_Bey" class="extiw" title="wp:Djevdet Bey" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Djevdet Bey">Djevdet Bey</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, the Ottoman governor of Van vilayet, referring to his job of killing Armenians, stated that he "had no job to do [but] so much fun". His statement became a slogan for Ottoman soldiers doing the same thing. Gendarmes would sell Armenian girls to the highest bidder as concubines and field laborers.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:201</sup> Babies born on the deportation marches were generally killed.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:203</sup> At Sheitan Deressi (Satan's Gorge), the Turks killed all the men and mutilated the women, sparing only those who could later be sold as slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:205-207</sup> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> soldiers also participated in massacres.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:218-210</sup> Armenian <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monks</a> were forced to convert to Islam or die, and their monasteries were looted and transformed into "government schools" to turn children into Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-mardiganian_49-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mardiganian-49">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:213</sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hekimhan_aftermath.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/4/4a/Hekimhan_aftermath.jpg/300px-Hekimhan_aftermath.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/4/4a/Hekimhan_aftermath.jpg/450px-Hekimhan_aftermath.jpg 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/4/4a/Hekimhan_aftermath.jpg/600px-Hekimhan_aftermath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="532" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hekimhan_aftermath.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>German soldiers posing with bones of dead Armenians killed in a massacre near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hekimhan" class="extiw" title="wp:Hekimhan" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Hekimhan">Hekimhan</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> on November 18, 1918.</div></div></div> <p>There is similarly no lack of proof or intent. It was official Ottoman policy that "Armenians girls be <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married</a> to Muslims" in order to decimate their communities and use their bodies to breed more Mahommetans.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:259</sup> Muslim physicians were allowed to use Armenian <a href="/wiki/Children" title="Children">children</a> for <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medical</a> <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">experiments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[note 5]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Azmi" class="extiw" title="wp:Cemal Azmi" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Cemal Azmi">Cemal Azmi Bey</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, the governor of Trebizond, ordered Armenians, especially women and children, to be rowed out to <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">sea</a> and drowned. He also ordered a local <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" class="extiw" title="wp:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Crescent</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> building to be turned into a "pleasure den", where he and his 14-year-old <a href="/wiki/Children" title="Children">son</a> raped young Armenian girls and drowned those they did not rape in the Black Sea, joking that "the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">anchovies</a> will multiply due to the waters being choked with bodies". In fact, a more moderate sultan's government later sentenced him to death for his crimes, supported by numerous sworn accounts of his wrongdoing.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a></sup> Unsurprisingly, however, modern Turkey has named a school after the guy, with a glowing biography glorifying the genocide and referring to him as a "<a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a>" on its website.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a></sup> </p><p>The genocide was based on clear orders from above. Ottoman Interior Affairs Minister Talaat Pasha ordered Diyarbakir governor Reshid Bey to exterminate the Armenians within his jurisdiction in a telegram containing three words-"Burn-Destroy-Kill".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[note 6]</a></sup> He gladly admitted that he was completely intolerant of any Armenians remaining in their ancestral homeland in eastern Anatolia, stating that they should be forced to die in the Syrian desert.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[53]</a></sup> Since Talaat had planned to exterminate the Armenians since at least 1910, confiding his desire to the <a href="/wiki/Danish" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish">Danish</a> ambassador, it can safely be said that the deportations were not a legitimate war measure. The CUP government had similarly been providing funding to units of Turkish irregulars, ordering them to slaughter the Greek population of Ionia around Smyrna since even before the war, killing about 100,000 in the area before the war even started.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[54]</a></sup> Similarly, mass slaughters by Ottoman troops and pro-Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Militant" class="mw-redirect" title="Militant">irregulars</a> of Armenian and Assyrian civilians occurred in Urmia, which was not even Ottoman (Urmia was, and still is, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persian</a> territory).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a></sup> In fact, the Assyrian genocide began there, in a country that attempted to be neutral during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[57]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a></sup> Note that very few deportations actually occurred it Urmia (it was basically just butchery.) </p><p>This is not to even mention the explicit quotes from various Ottoman officials conceding that the genocide happened, of which there are many, some of the most the most important including: <sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>"Turkey is taking advantage of the war in order to thoroughly liquidate its' internal foes, i.e., the indigenous Christians, without being thereby disturbed by foreign intervention. What on earth do you want? The question is settled. There are no more Armenians." - Talat Pasha, in a conversation with Dr. Mordtmann of the German Embassy<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>"The Ottoman Empire should be cleaned up of the Armenians and the Lebanese. We have destroyed the former by the sword, we shall destroy the latter through starvation." - Enver Pasha, 19 May 1916 </p> </blockquote><p> He also declared: </p><blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>"You are greatly mistaken. We have this country absolutely under our control. I have no desire to shift the blame onto our underlings and I am entirely willing to accept the responsibility myself for everything that has taken place." <sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>"Surely a few Armenians aided and abetted our enemy, and a few Armenian Deputies committed crimes against the Turkish nation ... it is incumbent upon a government to pursue the guilty ones. Unfortunately, our wartime leaders, imbued with a spirit of brigandage, carried out the law of deportation in a manner that could surpass the proclivities of the most bloodthirsty bandits. They decided to exterminate the Armenians, and they did exterminate them. This decision was taken by the central committee of the Young Turks and was implemented by the government." - Mustafa Arif Deymer, Ottoman Minister of Interior from 1918-1919, stated on 13 December 1918. <sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[63]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:52</sup> </p> </blockquote><p> In addition to Cemal Pasha stating </p><blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>"I am ashamed of my nation" and that "800,000 Armenian deportees were actually killed...by holding the guilty accountable the government is intent on cleansing the bloody past."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>His grandson also recognizes the genocide and even wrote a book about it.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[65]</a></sup> </p><p>Also, there are plenty of letters from German ambassadors talking about how the Ottomans were murdering and exterminating Armenians.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[66]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id=""Negligible_numbers_of_Christians_died/There_were_less_than_1.5_million_Armenians_in_Turkey_in_1914""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22Negligible_numbers_of_Christians_died.2FThere_were_less_than_1.5_million_Armenians_in_Turkey_in_1914.22">"Negligible numbers of Christians died/There were less than 1.5 million Armenians in Turkey in 1914"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: "Negligible numbers of Christians died/There were less than 1.5 million Armenians in Turkey in 1914"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Other common tactics by Turkish denialists are to claim that the number of dead Armenians was far lower than it actually was (usually put by the <a href="/wiki/Revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisionism">revisionist</a> slime in the mere hundreds of thousands) or that 1.5 million Armenians couldn't have been killed because there weren't 1.5 million Armenians in Turkey in 1914. The Turkish government itself, the denier-in-chief, puts the death toll at around 300,000.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a></sup> This number, however, is based on the Ottoman census, which was known to be highly inaccurate, generally <a href="/wiki/Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Census">undercounting</a> populations severely, especially those of ethnic and religious minorities. Populations of non-Muslims often were not re-counted for decades.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[72]</a></sup> The Armenian church, which had the benefit of being able to collate all records of births and deaths within the Armenian community, gave a figure of 1,914,620 in 1914, although the church failed to assess populations in significant parts of western Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a></sup> </p><p>In 1844, the Ottoman Armenian population was given as 2.4 million, and a reliable French historian at the time (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdolonyme_Ubicini" class="extiw" title="wp:Abdolonyme Ubicini" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Abdolonyme Ubicini">Ubicini</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>) said that number was almost certainly too low, by a significant amount.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a></sup> In 1878, after the war, the same census gave the population as 3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[75]</a></sup> If we assume that 300,000 Armenians were killed in Hamidian massacres (the standard figure), and that the effects of emigration and loss of Armenian-populated Ottoman territories in the aftermath of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" class="extiw" title="wp:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">1877-1878 war between the Ottoman and the Russians</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> were balanced out or more than balanced by natural Armenian population growth (as all data, including the official Ottoman censuses, seems to suggest), we are left with a figure of at least 2.7-2.8 million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in 1914 from the later data. </p><p>Talaat Pasha's own report on the genocide<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[76]</a></sup> notes that 90% of Armenians outside of Constantinople/Istanbul were deported, and 90% of these were unaccounted for after the conclusion of the genocide and that there was significant undercounting on the part of the Ottomans. While the official Ottoman figures state that 1,256,403 Gregorian and Catholic Armenians lived in the Ottoman Empire in 1914, Talaat Pasha notes in the report that this is an undercount of at least 30%, meaning the population of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire right before the genocide was at least 1,500,000 according to Talaat Pasha himself. This does not account for Protestant Armenians either, who, according to historian Ara Sarafian, would increase the total Armenian population to at least 1,700,000. By the conclusion of the genocide in 1917, only 284,157 Armenians were accounted for in the Empire, which, when adjusted for undercounts and the like, leaves a total of 350,000-400,000 survivors. </p><p>Considerable numbers of Armenians were killed in areas not under Ottoman control in 1914, such as Urmia (which was Persian), and in the oblasts of Kars and Batum and the Erivan Governorate (which contained the Armenian iconic site of Mount Ararat), which were Russian before the war.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[77]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[80]</a></sup> Obviously, these regions would not have been included in the Ottoman census, and thus their inhabitants would not have been included in any estimate for the pre-genocide Ottoman Armenian population. This fact seems to be oddly missing from Turkish literature. </p> <h3><span id=""Ottoman_officials_made_sure_deportees_were_well_cared_for_and_fed_them""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22Ottoman_officials_made_sure_deportees_were_well_cared_for_and_fed_them.22">"Ottoman officials made sure deportees were well cared for and fed them"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: "Ottoman officials made sure deportees were well cared for and fed them"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmenianGenocideFood.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ArmenianGenocideFood.jpg/300px-ArmenianGenocideFood.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ArmenianGenocideFood.jpg/450px-ArmenianGenocideFood.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ArmenianGenocideFood.jpg/600px-ArmenianGenocideFood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="659" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmenianGenocideFood.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Armenian refugees squatting around a dead horse in the Deir-ez-Zor concentration camp. <a href="/wiki/Sarcasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcasm">These fellows sure look well fed</a>!</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Near_East_relief_the_mother_and_children_in_syria.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Near_East_relief_the_mother_and_children_in_syria.png/300px-Near_East_relief_the_mother_and_children_in_syria.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="234" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Near_East_relief_the_mother_and_children_in_syria.png/450px-Near_East_relief_the_mother_and_children_in_syria.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Near_East_relief_the_mother_and_children_in_syria.png/600px-Near_East_relief_the_mother_and_children_in_syria.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1197" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Near_East_relief_the_mother_and_children_in_syria.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An Armenian girl dead of starvation in the fields near Aleppo, with her mother and sister looking on. In the <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">visionary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">comprehensive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PIDOOMA" title="PIDOOMA">well thought-out</a> model of the universe proposed by Turco-denialists, well-fed people provided for by the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> often <a href="/wiki/Coincidence" title="Coincidence">mysteriously</a> drop dead of starvation.</div></div></div> <p>This is a bullshit claim made by denialists, similar to claim No. #2 above. It is usually coupled with a claim that "<a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">Ottoman officers ordered Armenians to be protected</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[81]</a></sup> </p><p>However: </p> <ul><li>The document cited is from the Turkish archives. It could have easily been written afterward in an attempt to shield the Turks from justice and turn the evidence towards their position. There is no proof that it was "intended for internal consumption" as Dadrian (allegedly) said.</li> <li>Acts by individual officials are not necessarily reflective of official policy.</li> <li>It would be advantageous to ensure that Armenians were massacred and looted in an orderly manner. Otherwise, some might escape <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a>, and a significant portion of the loot might go to <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">normal people</a> instead of the central government or Ottoman officials. Order was a means of preventing underlings from siphoning off wealth.</li> <li>The fact that food was (allegedly) provided to the concentration camps does not necessarily mean the inmates were the ones being fed. Concentration camp guards need to eat too.<sup>[<i>citation NOT needed</i>]</sup></li> <li>The Turks engaged in a process of purging their archives of incriminating material. As a result, what remains can be regarded as suspicious with respect to authenticity and useless in determining the truth of the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[82]</a></sup></li> <li>As documented above, Armenian females were kept as slaves and sexually abused. Starving them would make them useless for those purposes. Unfed people obviously can't work well. In addition, <i>nobody wants to fuck a skeleton</i>.<sup>[<i>citation NOT needed</i>]</sup></li></ul> <h3><span id=""The_Kajaznuni_manifesto_exposes_Armenian_lies""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22The_Kajaznuni_manifesto_exposes_Armenian_lies.22">"The Kajaznuni manifesto exposes Armenian lies"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: "The Kajaznuni manifesto exposes Armenian lies"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Turkish denialists claim that a manifesto written by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovhannes_Kajaznuni" class="extiw" title="wp:Hovhannes Kajaznuni" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Hovhannes Kajaznuni">Ovanes Kajaznuni</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, the first Armenian prime minister, is evidence of Armenian deceit or... <a href="/wiki/PIDOOMA" title="PIDOOMA">something along those lines</a>. They have not exactly been specific on what Mr. Kajaznuni's manifesto allegedly proves, although they all hold it to be some sort of "<a href="/wiki/Release_the_data" title="Release the data">smoking gun</a>" that apparently blows the lid off of some giant Armenian conspiracy.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a></sup> Their method of achieving this has been to forge a fake alternative translation of the manifesto in which Turkish atrocities are not mentioned.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[note 7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[85]</a></sup> It is also customary for Turkish denialists to claim, without evidence, that his manifesto was banned in Armenia and that publications of it were systematically destroyed. The reality is that although Kajaznuni criticizes the Armenian rebels in his manifesto he doesn't deny the tragedy that fell upon the Armenian people and numerous times condemns the Ottomans in the manifesto </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>The deportations and mass exiles and massacres which took place during the Summer and Autumn of 1915 were mortal blows to the Armenian Cause. Half of historical Armenia – the same half where the foundations of our independence would be laid according to the traditions inherited by European diplomacy – that half was denuded of Armenians: the Armenian provinces of Turkey were without Armenians. The Turks knew what they were doing and have no reason to regret today. It was the most decisive method of extirpating the Armenian Question from Turkey. </p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>Civilized humanity might very well be shaken with rage in the face of this unspeakable crime. Statesmen might utter menacing words against criminal Turkey. “Blue”, “yellow”, “orange” books and papers might be published condemning them. Divine punishment against the criminals might be invoked in churches by clergymen of all denominations. The press of all countries might be filled with horrible descriptions and details and the testimony of eye-witnesses. . . Let them say this or that. . . but the work was already done and words would not revive the corpses fallen in the Arabian deserts, rebuild the ruined hearths, repopulate the country now become desolate. The Turks knew what they ought to do and did it. The second half of 1915 and the entire year of 1916 were periods of hopelessness, desperation and mourning for us. The refugees, all those who had survived the <b>Holocaust</b>, were filling Russian provinces by tens and hundreds of thousands. They were famished, naked, sick, horrified and desperate floods of humanity, flooding our villages and cities. They had come to a country which was itself ruined and famished. They piled upon each other, before our own eyes, on our threshold dying of famine and sickness. . . </p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>When, in final desperation -- with Turkey again threatening to loot, massacre and rape survivors of the holocaust since 1915 </p> </blockquote> <h3><span id=""OMG_Armenians_were_involved_in_Turkish_society""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22OMG_Armenians_were_involved_in_Turkish_society.22">"OMG Armenians were involved in Turkish society"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: "OMG Armenians were involved in Turkish society"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>This is a <a href="/wiki/Style_over_substance" title="Style over substance">moronic in content</a> and completely irrelevant attempted <a href="/wiki/Red_herring" title="Red herring">red herring</a> used by Turkish denialists as a <a href="/wiki/Lying_by_omission" title="Lying by omission">distraction tactic</a> in order to obscure actual events. However, unlike the others listed, not only is it technically true, <i><b>but the <a href="/wiki/Fact" title="Fact">fact</a> of its truth has no effect on the <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">historicity</a> of the Armenian Genocide</b></i>. It is thus complete, unadulterated <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">bullshit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deceit" title="Deceit">deceit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[86]</a></sup> </p><p>In order to deal more thoroughly with this argument, it might be useful to note participation of minorities in certain areas prior to their being subjected to genocide. </p><p>For example, here is a comparatively short and by no means exhaustive list of prominent <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews">Jews</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" class="extiw" title="wp:Gustav Mahler" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</span></a>,<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> composer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, physicist.</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haber" class="extiw" title="wp:Fritz Haber" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</span></a>,<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemist</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" class="extiw" title="wp:Rosa Luxemburg" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</span></a>,<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">revolutionary</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" class="extiw" title="wp:Felix Mendelssohn" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</span></a>,<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> composer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economist</a>.</li></ul> <h3><span id=""Turkey_opened_archives,_Armenians_keep_theirs_closed""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22Turkey_opened_archives.2C_Armenians_keep_theirs_closed.22">"Turkey opened archives, Armenians keep theirs closed"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: "Turkey opened archives, Armenians keep theirs closed"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Turkish denialists, including the government, are fond of stating that Ottoman archives contain no proof of Turkish genocides and that the Armenians are hiding their archives.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[87]</a></sup> It is then implied that within secret Armenian archives is proof of some sort of massive conspiracy to make up a fake genocide or... something.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[88]</a></sup> This is intellectual dishonesty because: </p> <ul><li>The documents actually known to be in Armenian archives are consistent with the Armenian position.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[89]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[90]</a></sup></li> <li>Turkey has had decades to destroy evidence of genocide and has taken full advantage of this time. Even now their archives are not particularly accessible for researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[91]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[92]</a></sup></li> <li>The Turkish government has banned scholars such as Taner Akcam, Mehmet Uluışık and Ayhan Aktar from entering Turkey's "Open Archives".<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[93]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[94]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[95]</a></sup></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Harbord_Report">The Harbord Report</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Harbord Report">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>After World War I, the United States sent general <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harbord" class="extiw" title="wp:James Harbord" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: James Harbord">James Guthrie Harbord</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> to investigate the claims of genocide. Similar to the Manifesto of Kajaznuni, Turkish deniers lie about the conclusion of the report and say that he claimed that there wasn't a genocide when, in fact, he claimed the opposite: </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>The dead, from this wholesale attempt on the race, are variously estimated at from five hundred thousand to a million, the usual figure being about eight hundred thousand. Driven on foot under a hot sun, robbed of their clothing and such petty articles as they carried, prodded by bayonets if they lagged, starvation, typhus, and dysentery left thousands dead by the trail side.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[96]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <h3><span id=""The_Malta_Trials""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22The_Malta_Trials.22">"The Malta Trials"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "The Malta Trials"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Turkish deniers often cite the Malta trials where a few hundred Turkish officers were unsuccessfully tried for war crimes as proof that no genocide took place. However, deniers leave out the part that the Turkish officers were tried not for crimes against Armenians but for mistreatment of British officers and breaking armistice. Moreover, the trials failed not because the Turkish officers were found to be innocent but because of a lack of legal framework, and thus the prisoners were given back in exchange for British POWs held by Mustafa Kemal.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[97]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id=""Perincek_v_Switzerland""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22Perincek_v_Switzerland.22">"Perincek v Switzerland"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: "Perincek v Switzerland"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In 2013, Turkish political activist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" class="extiw" title="wp:Doğu Perinçek" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Doğu Perinçek">Doğu Perinçek</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> was put on trial for his denialist remarks about the Armenian genocide during his trip to Switzerland. Perincek was acquitted, and Turkish nationalists have used this case as proof that the Armenian genocide didn't happen. However, they misrepresent the verdict: Perincek was acquitted not because he was able to prove that the genocide didn't happen but because he claimed that his statements were protected under <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[99]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Conclusion">Conclusion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Conclusion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:William_at_Constantinople_Armenian_Genocide.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/William_at_Constantinople_Armenian_Genocide.jpg/300px-William_at_Constantinople_Armenian_Genocide.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="459" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/William_at_Constantinople_Armenian_Genocide.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="652" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:William_at_Constantinople_Armenian_Genocide.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_V" class="extiw" title="wp:Mehmed V" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Mehmed V">accomplished Turkish statesman</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> presents <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="extiw" title="wp:Wilhelm II, German Emperor" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Wilhelm II, German Emperor">his loyal ally</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> with souvenirs from <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">his favorite hobby</a>.</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Prohibition%27s_Greatest_Martyr_Armenian_Genocide.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Prohibition%27s_Greatest_Martyr_Armenian_Genocide.jpg/300px-Prohibition%27s_Greatest_Martyr_Armenian_Genocide.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="439" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Prohibition%27s_Greatest_Martyr_Armenian_Genocide.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="631" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Prohibition%27s_Greatest_Martyr_Armenian_Genocide.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A proud, <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen" title="Sovereign citizen">independent</a> Turkish citizen and honest tradesman expressing <a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">righteous indignation</a> at the attempted <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">restriction</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_relativism" title="Cultural relativism">his people's traditional and habitual occupation</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" class="extiw" title="wp:League of Nations" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: League of Nations">interfering</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> globalists.</div></div></div> <p>The Turkish government and its supporters have gone to great lengths to deceive the public on the matter of the CUP genocides, especially that of the Armenians. They have forged evidence and attempted to discredit legitimate evidence as worthless, even going so far as to <a href="/wiki/Revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisionism">redefine</a> genocide in the process. They have used numerous red herrings and distractions and inflated and conjured up imaginary <a href="/wiki/FUD" class="mw-redirect" title="FUD">bogeymen</a> such as the "Armenian gangs", Turkish stories of whose alleged mass atrocities against Muslims amount to an Anatolian version of the <a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">blood libel</a>, applied to their own personal <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">hated</a>, marginalized, and persecuted minority on whom blame must be shifted. They have made up an <a href="/wiki/Alternative_facts" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative facts">alternative</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_pseudohistory" title="Nationalist pseudohistory">history</a> in which they have committed no genocide or colonialism, despite the fact that Turkish settlement in Anatolia is solely the product of a millennium-long colonialist policy by the Turks themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[100]</a></sup>There is no limit to the <a href="/wiki/Deceit" title="Deceit">deceitfulness</a> of Turkish revisionists. </p><p>However, defense against these tactics is fairly simple. None of their arguments have any real substance, and most are complete lies. When in doubt, ignore or demand sources. They will nearly always fail to provide any, or, when they do, their source will be a fringe website that can be rightly dismissed as unreliable. Meanwhile, reliable citations for the consensus position are easy to find. </p><p>Not only this, but Turkish <a href="/wiki/Punishment" title="Punishment">impunity</a> has led to the continuation of anti-Armenian sentiment within Turkey and among the Turkish community. A disturbingly large number of Turks engage in open celebration of the Armenian Genocide, calling for all remaining Armenian land to be seized and the people to be killed.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[101]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[102]</a></sup> This also occurs outside Turkey, suggesting that Turkish <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> policies are merely part of the problem.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[103]</a></sup> Those areas in Turkey that were not completely depopulated of Armenians in the early 20th century have been subject to a new wave of harassment, vandalism, and <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crimes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[104]</a></sup> People closely affiliated with the ruling Turkish government and its associated political party are threatening another genocide against what remains of Turkey's Armenian population.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[105]</a></sup> Ethnic <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdish</a> separatist PKK rebels are referred to as "Armenians", in an attempt at <a href="/wiki/Guilt_by_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Guilt by association">guilt by association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[106]</a></sup> PKK and Turkish <a href="/wiki/Leftism" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftism">leftists</a> are also alleged to be collaborating with Armenian freedom fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[107]</a></sup> The term "Armenian" is now used in Turkey as an <a href="/wiki/Snarl_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Snarl word">insult</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[108]</a></sup> </p><p>The Turkish government itself has also sought to spread Armenian genocide denial abroad. For example, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Adams" class="extiw" title="wp:Eric Adams" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Eric Adams">Eric Adams</span></a>,<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> the federally indicted mayor of <a href="/wiki/Fun:New_York_City" title="Fun:New York City">New York</a>, was paid bribe money by the Turkish government to "ignore" Armenian Remembrance Day.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[109]</a></sup> In addition to this, while not officially sponsored by the Turkish government, on August 21, 2016 New Yorkers looked up to the skies above to see airplanes write sky messages saying shit like "100 year geno-lie" and "BFF = Russia + Armenia."<sup id="cite_ref-nyaerialstunt_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyaerialstunt-117">[110]</a></sup> This stunt was part of a genocide denial campaign orchestrated by "ArmeniaFactCheck.com".<sup id="cite_ref-nyaerialstunt_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyaerialstunt-117">[110]</a></sup> The company that was hired to perform the stunt was GEICO Skytypers.<sup id="cite_ref-nyaerialstunt_117-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyaerialstunt-117">[110]</a></sup> A mixed-race flash mob was also orchestrated to promote Armenian genocide denial in the streets of New York at the same time as the aerial stunt.<sup id="cite_ref-armenianweekly_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armenianweekly-118">[111]</a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Genocide_denial_flash_mob.jpeg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/8/8b/Armenian_Genocide_denial_flash_mob.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="185" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="185" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Genocide_denial_flash_mob.jpeg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Genocide denial goes woke.<sup id="cite_ref-armenianweekly_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armenianweekly-118">[111]</a></sup></div></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Propaganda">Propaganda</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Propaganda">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg/300px-A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg/450px-A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg/600px-A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Turkish nationalists engaging in their other <a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">favorite hobby</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sarcasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcasm">Such very fine people, aren't they</a>?</div></div></div> <p>The Turkish government and other pro-Turkish organisations have tried to distort facts about the Armenian genocide by spreading propaganda through ads, campaigns, and other means.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[112]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[113]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[114]</a></sup> This has been successful to some degree because content denying the genocide is one Google search away,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[115]</a></sup> whereas Holocaust denial and Neo-Nazi material are typically found in the darker corners of the Internet. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="FactCheckArmenia.com">FactCheckArmenia.com</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: FactCheckArmenia.com">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>FactCheckArmenia.com is a propaganda website dedicated to spreading misinformation and denialism about the Armenian genocide. It has been alleged that the website is funded by — or has connections with — the Turkish government.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[116]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[117]</a></sup> The website has also bought several online ads promoting its content.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[118]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[119]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="University_of_Minnesota_Lawsuit">University of Minnesota Lawsuit</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: University of Minnesota Lawsuit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In 2010, the Turkish Coalition of America filed a lawsuit against the University of Minnesota for its denunciation of the group's genocide denial and misinformation. This was essentially an attempt by the TCA to silence the University, but fortunately, a federal court ruled in the University's favor by concluding that its statements weren't defamatory and were protected under freedom of speech.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[120]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[121]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[122]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Khojaly_massacre">The Khojaly massacre</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The Khojaly massacre">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" class="extiw" title="wp:First Nagorno-Karabakh War" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> in 1992, a regiment of the Armenian army approached the important strategic city of Khojaly and slaughtered over 600+ Azeri civilians during the capture of the city. This event is known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khojaly_massacre" class="extiw" title="wp:Khojaly massacre" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Khojaly massacre">Khojaly massacre</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>. Though it's a sad event, it has been used by the Turkish and Azerbaijani governments alongside Turkish and Azeri nationalists for propaganda purposes,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[123]</a></sup> in which they blow the event way out of proportion and go as far as calling it <b>the Khojaly Genocide</b> in order to make an equivalence with the Armenian genocide by saying that the Armenians have also committed a genocide. There are several problems with this argument: </p> <ul><li>What happened in 1992 is unrelated with what happened in 1915, this is pure <a href="/wiki/Whataboutism" title="Whataboutism">whataboutism</a></li> <li>The death toll of 600+ people completely pales in comparison with the approx. 1 million Armenians killed in the 1915 genocide</li> <li>If the killing of 600+ people can be called a genocide, then the killing of 1 million people can easily be regarded as genocide</li> <li>Azerbaijan isn't innocent either here since it has also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumgait_pogrom" class="extiw" title="wp:Sumgait pogrom" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Sumgait pogrom">commited</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirovabad_pogrom" class="extiw" title="wp:Kirovabad pogrom" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Kirovabad pogrom">several</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku_pogrom" class="extiw" title="wp:Baku pogrom" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Baku pogrom">war crimes</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/maraga_massacre" class="extiw" title="wp:maraga massacre" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: maraga massacre">during</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> the Nagorno-Karabakh war</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Similarities_with_Holocaust_denial">Similarities with Holocaust denial</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Similarities with Holocaust denial">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Although Turkish deniers try to claim that comparing the Armenian Genocide to the Holocaust is like comparing apples to oranges,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[124]</a></sup> the arguments they make are very similar to the arguments Holocaust deniers make: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:50%;">Holocaust Denier </th> <th style="width:50%;">Armenian Genocide Denier </th></tr> <tr> <td>There weren't 6 million Jews in Europe at the time </td> <td>There weren't even 1.5 million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire at the time </td></tr> <tr> <td>If there was a Holocaust, then why are there still Jews in Europe? </td> <td>If there was a genocide, why are there still Armenians in the world? </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Nazis fed the Jews, provided them with shelter and healthcare, and all of the deaths were caused by disease and starvation because the Allies destroyed supply lines </td> <td>The Ottomans tried to protect the Armenians, provided them with food and medical care, and all of the deaths were caused by disease, Armenian gangs attacking the deportation columns and starvation caused by Armenians and the Triple Entente destroying the supply lines </td></tr> <tr> <td>There was no official order to exterminate the Jews </td> <td>There was no official order to exterminate the Armenians </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Holocaust is a political tool invented by the Jews to subjugate white people, get money and the land of Palestine </td> <td>The Armenian Genocide is political tool invented by the Armenians to get reparations and territory from Turkey </td></tr> <tr> <td>The International Red Cross investigated the camps and found that the Jews were in excellent condition </td> <td>The Harbord commission investigated the claims of genocide and determined that there was no genocide </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yes, the Holocaust was a great tragedy and many people died, but it wasn't the Nazis' fault and more non-Jews died </td> <td>Yes, the "Events of 1915" were a tragedy and many Armenians as well as Muslims and Turks died, but it wasn't a genocide </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Jews <a href="/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_legend" title="Stab-in-the-back legend">backstabbed</a> the Germans in WW1 and in 1933 declared war against Germany, so the decision to lock them up in concentration camps was justified because the Jews were a threat to Germany </td> <td>The Armenians backstabbed the Ottomans by revolting against the Empire and siding with the Russians, so the response to deport them was justified </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Final Solution was a plan to expel the Jews out of Europe to places like Palestine, Madagascar and Russia, not to exterminate them </td> <td>The Ottomans deported the Armenians out of Anatolia due to safety reasons since they were threat to the Ottomans, it wasn't a plan to exterminate them<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[125]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany was attacked on multiple fronts by the Allies and they were low on resources, so why would they waste more resources on murdering Jews? </td> <td>The Ottomans were being attacked by everyone in the War and they had so many problems to deal with, so why would they waste their resources on killing Armenians? </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span id=""But_Armenians_collaborated_with_the_Nazis""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22But_Armenians_collaborated_with_the_Nazis.22">"But Armenians collaborated with the Nazis"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: "But Armenians collaborated with the Nazis"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Turkish nationalists often respond to comparisons with the Holocaust and Nazi Germany by pointing out that Armenians served in the Nazi Wehrmacht such as the infamous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Legion" class="extiw" title="wp:Armenian Legion" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Armenian Legion">Armenian Nazi legion</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> comprising of about 30,000 soldiers; they mention this to demonize the Armenians and to try to nullify comparisons to the Holocaust by saying that Armenians were Nazis, but they are do not mention that many Turks also supported the Nazis, such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan_Legion" class="extiw" title="wp:Turkestan Legion" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Turkestan Legion">Turkestan Legion</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_Legion" class="extiw" title="wp:Azerbaijani Legion" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Azerbaijani Legion">Azerbaijani Legion</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> comprising of 70,000 soldiers,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[126]</a></sup> the Azerbaijani Nazi Legion together with German Wehrmacht were responsible for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wola_massacre" class="extiw" title="wp:Wola massacre" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Wola massacre">Wola massacre</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> where they slaughtered between 50,000 and 100,000 Poles and, in addition, many Armenians helped to defeat Nazi Germany as about 500,000 Armenians fought for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in WWII.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[127]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[128]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Antisemitic_inversion">Antisemitic inversion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Antisemitic inversion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></div> <p>Certain <a href="/wiki/Bigot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigot">bigots</a> have accused <a href="/wiki/Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews">Jews</a> of deliberately not giving the Armenian Genocide (as well as other genocides) enough attention in the media (<a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">as they supposedly run it</a>) in order to focus solely on the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>. This conveniently overlooks the fact that unlike the Armenian genocide, the Holocaust had the benefit of the occupation of the Allies who made sure to scrupulously document, photograph, and film as much of it as they could, as well as put as many perpetrators as they could find on <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">trial</a>, thus creating a lot more historical material to study. But who needs things like <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a> when you can <a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">blame the Jews for everything</a>? </p><p>That said, Israel (as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">nebulous group of Joooz!!!11!</a>) has been rather loath to acknowledge the Armenian Genocide and careful about not drawing parallels with the Holocaust so as not to offend Turkish officialdom, a fact eagerly snapped up by the aforementioned bigots. This has less to do with any anti-Armenianism and more to do with Turkey being pretty much the only country in the region not hostile to Israel. </p><p>Some particularly stupid individuals have stated that <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">the perpetrators of the genocide were</a> Crypto-Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[129]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Anti-Islamic_inversion">Anti-Islamic inversion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Anti-Islamic inversion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>As if the above wasn't enough, the infamous conservative tabloid <a href="/wiki/Breitbart" class="mw-redirect" title="Breitbart">Breitbart</a> launched an article on the 100<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the genocide claiming that the world refused to recognize the genocide out of fear of offending <a href="/wiki/Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[130]</a></sup> The article also claims that the genocide, which was committed by the <a href="/wiki/Secular" title="Secular">secular</a> Young Turks, actually had been done out of <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a>. The article conveniently ignores that <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">[131]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[132]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> all recognize the genocide and that Armenian <a href="/wiki/Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians">Christians</a> often live closely with the Arab Muslims in many of the countries they reside in. </p><p>Needless to say, Armenians are probably not too thrilled about either bigoted inversion listed above, as they're primarily meant to detract from focus on the genocide itself to other bigoted <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracies</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_history_textbooks" title="Nationalism in history textbooks">Nationalism in history textbooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_pseudohistory" title="Nationalist pseudohistory">Nationalist pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalism</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li>See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide" class="extiw" title="wp:Armenian Genocide" rel="nofollow">Armenian Genocide</a>.</li> <li>See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide_recognition" class="extiw" title="wp:Armenian Genocide recognition" rel="nofollow">Armenian Genocide recognition</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenian-genocide.org/index.htm">Armenian National Institute genocide research library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabletmag.com/news-and-politics/47798/state-of-denial/">State of Denial</a> by Peter Balakian</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armeniangenocide100.org/en">The Centennial of the Armenian Genocide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2zEqDOwzW0">Denying Your History | Armenian Genocide</a> video on "Knowing Better" YouTube channel</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genocide1915.info/history/1914/">Timeline of the Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phdn.org/armenocide/index.html">Le Génocide des Arméniens</a> PHDN on the Armenian genocide and denialism (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/zeitgeschichte/genozid-an-den-armeniern/218100/armenier-im-osmanischen-reich">Armenisches Leben im Osmanischen Reich vor 1915</a> (German)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/armenia">the University of Minnesota on the Armenian genocide</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">No, not those <a href="/wiki/Young_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Turks">Young Turks</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Looking at you, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Under section E of Article II of the 1948 U.N Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">That is, not as Ottoman proxies.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Remember <a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">who else</a> did that? The Turks gave them the idea.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> History buffs may notice a striking, even disturbing similarity between Talaat's order and the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Alls_Policy" class="extiw" title="wp:Three Alls Policy" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Three Alls Policy">three alls</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>" policy during <a href="/wiki/WW2" class="mw-redirect" title="WW2">WW2</a>, which led to such events as the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing massacre">Nanjing massacre</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The version of the manifesto used and cited by the Daily beast is hosted at a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tc-america.org/">Turkish denialist website</a> and thus should be taken with a grain of salt. Other sources would likely be more useful.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenian-genocide.org/hitler.html">Adolf Hitler, Statement on the Armenian Genocide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070301211630/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6045182.stm">Q&A;: Armenian 'genocide'</a> (12 October 2006, 16:12 GMT 17:12) <i>BBC News</i> (archived from March 1, 2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affirmation.160/current_category.7/affirmation_detail.html">France, Great Britain, and Russia joint declaration, May 24, 1915</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parrot, Friedrich (2016) [1846]. <i>Journey to Ararat</i>. Translated by William Desborough Cooley. Introduction by Pietro A. Shakarian. London: Gomidas Institute. p. xxix. ISBN 978-1909382244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amsi.ge/istoria/sab/moskovi.html">The Treaty of Moscow between Turkey and Russia</a> (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmd.org.uk/resource/24-april-1915-deportation-of-armenian-intellectuals/">24 APRIL 1915: DEPORTATION OF ARMENIAN INTELLECTUALS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/knesset-education-committee-recognizes-armenian-genocide/">Knesset Education Committee recognizes Armenian genocide</a> Times of Israel, 1 August 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/64896/Egypt-implicitly-recognizes-Armenian-Genocide">Egypt implicitly recognizes Armenian Genocide</a> Egypt Today, 18 February 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aravot-en.am/2019/04/29/235925/">Saudi Arabia will financially sponsor Armenian Genocide resolution in U.S.</a> Aravot Armenian News, April 29 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hawarnews.com/en/haber/uae-also-will-recognize-of-the-armenian-genocide-in-april-h6955.html">UAE also will recognize of the Armenian genocide in April</a> Hawar News Agency, February 16 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k5237.html">What you don't know Turkish?!</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4205708.stm">Turk 'genocide' author faces jail</a> (1 September 2005, 18:03 GMT 19:03) <i>BBC</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2015/04/14/was-killing-of-armenians-genocide">Turkish Professor Concludes There Was An Armenian Genocide</a> (April 14, 2015) <i>WBUR</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clarku.edu/articles/historian-taner-akcam-new-book-includes-smoking-gun-armenian-genocide">Historian Taner Akçam uncovers 'smoking gun' of Armenian Genocide</a> by By Angela Bazydlo (January 17, 2018) <i>Clark University</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Killing Orders: Talat Pasha’s Telegrams and the Armenian Genocide</i> by Taner Akçam (2018) Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 3319697862.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://en.gariwo.net/righteous/armenian-genocide/orhan-pamuk-7565.html">https://en.gariwo.net/righteous/armenian-genocide/orhan-pamuk-7565.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/committee-union-and-progress">Committee for Union and Progress- Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/oct/31/comment.turkey">This was genocide, but Armenians were not its only victims</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2017/01/why-cenk-uygur-is-getting-confronted-about-the-nam.html">Why Cenk Uygur Is Getting Confronted about the Name "The Young Turks," and Why It Matters</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/world/europe/turkeys-century-of-denial-about-an-armenian-genocide.html">A Century After Armenian Genocide, Turkey’s Denial Only Deepens</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quora.com/How-many-Turks-were-killed-by-Armenians-in-Eastern-Anatolia-before-Armenian-Deportation-During-WWI-in-1915/answer/Ayse-Temmuz">Ayse Temmuz's answer to How many Turks were killed by Armenians in Eastern Anatolia before Armenian Deportation During WWI in 1915?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tallarmeniantale.com/background.htm">An example of this tactic, used by Turkish denialists</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/armenian-genocide">History.com's article on the subject</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/remembering-the-forgotten-armenian-genocide-of-1019-ad">Fundie source. Information found elsewhere previously. Can and should be replaced if a better source is found.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aina.org/martyr.html#1369-1400%20A.D.:%20The%20Coming%20of%20Timurlane">Genocides Against the Assyrian Nation: 1369-1400 A.D.: The Coming of Timurlane</a> <i>Assyrian International News Agency</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/2007/10/genocide-resistance-dave-kopel-paul-gallant-joanne-d-eisen/">A relevant source. Pardon the right-wing pro-gun stance.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/women-and-deportations">Women and Deportations</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/comment/morgenthau/Morgen24.htm">Chapter 24 of <i>Ambassador Morgenthau's Story</i>, a primary source on the subject.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/children_and_youth_ottoman_empire_ottoman_empiremiddle_east">Children and Youth: Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Empire/Middle East)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tc-america.org/issues-information/armenian-issue/armenian-issue-as-reflected-in-russian-archival-records-939.htm">A Turkish propaganda site that pushes such claims.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/caucasus_front">Caucasus Front</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/world-war-i-and-the-armenian-genocide">"WORLD WAR I AND THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aktar-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Aktar_36-0">33.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Aktar_36-1">33.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4526118/22_Aktar_A_Debating_Armenian_Massacres_1918">22 Aktar A Debating Armenian Massacres 1918, page 242 (author is a Turk.)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Constantine-I-king-of-Greece">Constantine I-KING OF GREECE from Britannica</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/food_and_nutrition_ottoman_empiremiddle_east">Food and Nutrition (Ottoman Empire/Middle East)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-War_Encyclopedia-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-War_Encyclopedia_39-0">36.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-War_Encyclopedia_39-1">36.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/organization_of_war_economies_ottoman_empiremiddle_east">Organization of War Economies (Ottoman Empire/Middle East)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.tr/the-armenian-allegation-of-genocide-the-issue-and-the-facts.en.mfa">The Turkish government propaganda ministry's </a><a href="/wiki/Gish_Gallop" title="Gish Gallop">Gish Gallop</a> on the subject.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/11373115/Amal-Clooneys-latest-case-Why-Turkey-wont-talk-about-the-Armenian-genocide.html">The Telegraph's slightly-more-factually-based position on the subject.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/armenian-genocide">Armenian Genocide-History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/turkey-sets-sights-on-key-syrian-town-in-fight-against-kurdish-militants/2019/10/12/8aa34e60-ec5a-11e9-a329-7378fbfa1b63_story.html">In Syria, U.S. pullout and Turkish assault sparks exodus to anywhere that feels safe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20200816225112if_/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/10/11/international-community-must-stop-turkeys-ethnic-cleansing-plans-northern-syria/">Washington post: "The international community must stop Turkey’s ethnic cleansing plans in northern Syria"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memri.org/tv/turkish-president-erdogan-northern-syria-suitable-for-arabs-not-kurds">Turkish president attempting to use topography to justify ethnic cleansing.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Faiz El-Ghusein, <i>Martyred Armenia</i>, various pages.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew A. Erish, <i>Col. William N. Selig, the Man Who Invented Hollywood</i>, page 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mardiganian-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-0">45.00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-1">45.01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-2">45.02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-3">45.03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-4">45.04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-5">45.05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-6">45.06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-7">45.07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-8">45.08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-9">45.09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-10">45.10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-11">45.11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-12">45.12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mardiganian_49-13">45.13</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ravished Armenia: The story of Aurora Mardiganian, The Christian Girl Who Survived the Great Massacres</i> by Aurora Mardiganian (2015) Ararat. ISBN 2956595121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/when-turkey-destroyed-its-christians-11558109896">When Turkey Destroyed Its Christians</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities</i> by Benny Morris & Dror Ze’evi (2021) Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674251431.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199671144.001.0001/acprof-9780199671144-chapter-4#ref_acprof-9780199671144-chapter-4-note-21">The Hidden Histories of War Crimes Trials ,Kevin Heller and Gerry Simpson</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aga-online.org/worship/cemal-azmi.php">Mehmet Cemal Azmi Bey</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mebk12.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/61/04/404685/icerikler/okulumuz_59029.html">The school's website (in Turkish).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ugur Ümit Üngör, <i>The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950</i> page 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2015/4/22/8465257/armenian-genocide">Why it’s so controversial to call the Armenian genocide a genocide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/remembering-the-armenian-genocide">Remembering the Armenian Genocide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1246&context=gsp">Matthias Bjørnlund, “When the Cannons Talk, the Diplomats Must Be Silent”: A Danish Diplomat in Constantinople during the Armenian Genocide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/252777/turkeys-genocide-of-the-assyrians">Turkey’s Genocide of the Assyrians Was an Islamist Crime</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianweekly.com/2014/01/08/remembering-the-assyrian-genocide-an-interview-with-sabri-atman/">Remembering the Assyrian Genocide: An Interview with Sabri Atman</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seyfocenter.com/english/38/">The Assyrian Genocide of 1915</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://combatgenocide.org/?page_id=1058">Assyrian Genocide-Combat Genocide Association</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witnesses_and_testimonies_of_the_Armenian_genocide" class="extiw" title="wp:Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide" rel="nofollow">Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anccanada.org/turkish-acknowledgments-of-the-armenian-genocide/">Turkish acknowledgments of the Armenian Genocide</a> (February 23, 2015) <i>Armenian National Committee</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/armenia">Armenia</a> <i>Holocaust and Genocide Studies, University of Minnesota</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genocide1915.info/quotes/#:~:text=Enver%20Pasha&text=The%%2020Ottoman%20Empire%20should%20be,destroy%20the%20latter%20throug%20h%20starvation">Armenian Genocide Quotes</a> <i>Genocide 1915</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Armenian Massacres of 1915–1916 a Hundred Years Later: Open Questions and Tentative Answers in International Law</i>, edited by Flavia Lattanzi & Emanuela Pistoia (2018) Springer. ISBN 3319781685.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anc.org.au/quotes">Quotes</a> <i>Armenian National Committee of Australia</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://horizonweekly.ca/en/55202-2/">Passages from Hasan Cemal’s book, “1915: The Armenian Genocide”</a> (December 10, 2014) <i>Horizon</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenocide.net/armenocide/armgende.nsf/$$AllDocs/1915-07-31-DE-001">Der Botschafter in außerordentlicher Mission in Konstantinopel (Hohenlohe-Langenburg) an den Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg)</a> (31. Juli 1915) <i>Armenocide</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenocide.net/armenocide/armgende.nsf/$$AllDocs/1915-06-17-DE-003">Der Botschafter in Konstantinopel (Wangenheim) an den Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg)</a> (17. Juni 1915) <i>Armenocide</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenocide.net/armenocide/armgende.nsf/$$AllDocs/1916-05-30-DE-001">Der Konsul in Damaskus (Loytved Hardegg) an die Botschaft Konstantinopel</a> (30. Mai 1916) <i>Armenocide</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenocide.net/armenocide/armgende.nsf/$$AllDocs/1916-01-03-DE-001">Der Konsul in Aleppo (Rößler) an den Botschafter in außerordentlicher Mission in Konstantinopel (Wolff-Metternich)</a> (3. Januar 1916) <i>Armenocide</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenocide.net/armenocide/armgende.nsf/$$AllDocs/1915-08-23-DE-013">Der deutsche Oberstleutnant Stange an die deutsche Militärmission in Konstantinopel</a> (23. August 1915) <i>Armenocide</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/05/politics/gop-senator-white-house-armenian-genocide-resolution/index.html">GOP senator says White House asked him to object to Armenian genocide resolution</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/162764?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents">Kemal H. Karpat, "Ottoman Population Records and the Census of 1881/82-1893"</a>(Turkish source)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raymond H. Kevorkian and Paul B. Paboudjian, <i>Les Arméniens dans l'Empire Ottoman à la vielle du génocide</i>, Ed. ARHIS, Paris, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Turkish Instinct or the Praise of Genocide: Radical Islam and the Armenian Genocide</i> by Wahi Kachichyan (2018) Xlibris US. ISBN 1984517945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aniarc.am/2015/04/04/the-pre-1895-censuses-in-ottoman-empire/">The Pre-1895 Censuses in Ottoman Empire</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armeniancause.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/N1-new.pdf">Talaat Pasha’s Black Book documents his campaign of race extermination, 1915–17</a> by Ara Sarafian (13 March 2009) <i>Armenian Cause Foundation</i>, reprinted from <i>The Armenia Reporter</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armin.am/armeniansgenocide/en/Encyclopedia_Of_armenian_genocide_Kars">Kars- Encyclopedia of the Armenian Genocide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01783402/document">Etienne Forestier-Peyrat, "The Ottoman occupation of Batumi, 1918: a view from below"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The End of the Ottomans: The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism</i>, edited by Hans-Lukas Kieser, Margaret Lavinia Anderson, Seyhan Bayraktar, and Thomas Schmutz</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allinnet.info/history/city-of-artvin-from-the-history-of-armenia/">City of Artvin – From the History of Armenia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2007/04/1583-army-commanders-july-1915-order-to.html?fbclid=IwAR2UkzW3r8zK1uJqAZo3TCs-rXGP-AZIkwud4DiNFUk2UDDerirInR1XYEc&m=1">1583) Army Commander's July 1915 Order to Protect Armenians</a> (Denialist source)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1243&context=gsp">Taner Akçam, "The Ottoman Documents and the Genocidal Policies of the Committee for Union and Progress (İttihat ve Terakki) toward the Armenians in 1915"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tallarmeniantale.com/1923Manifesto-Hovhannes.htm">Denialist webshite TAT gives their take</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-tragedy-of-armenias-first-prime-minister-too-blunt-and-now-forgotten">The Tragedy of Armenia's First Prime Minister: Too Blunt and Now Forgotten</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armenianrevolution00katc/page/8/mode/2up">A less compromised version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startribune.com/a-prejudicial-history-rethinking-the-armenian-genocide/564382962/">Idiotic whataboutist screed by a Minnesotan-based Muslim extremist full of whataboutism and general lies. Reading this may cause moderate to severe damage to y'all's brain cells. Handle with care.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-turkey-armenian-genocide-20190424-story.html">Turkey urges study of its archives in its dispute of Armenian genocide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/armenians-keep-their-archives-on-1915-events-closed/1468955">Incoherent Turkish whining</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbarez.com/95316/documents-in-armenias-archives-prove-genocide/">Documents in Armenia’s Archives Prove Genocide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azatutyun.am/a/1576896.html">Turkish Scholar Uses Armenian Archives For Ottoman History Research</a> by Gayane Danielian (May 11, 2005) <i>Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty's Armenian Service</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianweekly.com/2017/10/03/how-turkey-destroyed-or-disposed-its-historical-archives-and-documents/">How Turkey Destroyed or Disposed of Its Historical Archives and Documents</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04ISTANBUL1074_a.html">Revealing Turkish diplomatic cable intercepted by Wikileaks</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/7148/tarihciler-acik-arsivleri-anlatiyor">Tarihçiler ‘açık’ arşivleri anlatıyor</a> (19.05.2014) <i>Agos</i> (Historians describe 'open' archives)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agos.com.tr/en/article/10120/banned-from-entering-open-archive">Banned from entering ‘open’ archive</a> (12.31.2014) <i>Agos</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbarez.com/the-truth-behind-turkeys-open-archives/?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=pmd_cf84b0a5eabc06959ca1e2b250c450e41b7db6c8-1629143822-0-gqNtZGzNAyKjcnBszQd6">The Truth Behind Turkey’s ‘Open Archives’</a> (January 8, 2015) <i>Asbarez</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uacla.com/james-guthrie-harbord.html">James Guthrie Harbord</a>, United Armenian Council for the Commemoration of the Armenian Genocide.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2012-04-19/news/turkeys-eu-minister-judge-giovanni-bonello-and-the-armenian-genocide-claim-about-malta-trials-is-nonsense-308828/">Turkey’s EU Minister, Judge Giovanni Bonello And the Armenian Genocide - ‘Claim about Malta Trials is nonsense’</a> (19 April 2012, 00:00) <i> Malta Independent </i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perin%C3%A7ek_v._Switzerland" class="extiw" title="wp:Perinçek v. Switzerland" rel="nofollow"><i>Perinçek v. Switzerland</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/wip/8K87d">Case Of Perinçek v. Switzerland (Application no. 27510/08)</a> <i>European Court of Human Rights</i> (archived from 12 Feb 2023 00:38:21 UTC).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/no-genocide-colonialism-in-turkeys-history-fm-cavusoglu-142673">No genocide, colonialism in Turkey’s history: FM Çavuşoğlu</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/132103/anti-armenian-banners-celebrating-genocide-displayed-in-turkey/">Anti-Armenian Banners Celebrating Genocide Displayed in Turkey</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/101211/inciting-hatred-turkish-protesters-call-armenians-bastards/">Inciting Hatred: Turkish Protesters Call Armenians ‘Bastards’</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianweekly.com/2016/12/16/barbaros-leylani-fined/">Former VP of Turkish National Association of Sweden Fined for Anti-Armenian Remarks</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/139676/armenian-populated-districts-of-istanbul-attacked/">Armenian-Populated Districts of Istanbul Attacked</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/189226/erdogans-backers-threaten-to-commit-a-new-genocide-against-armenians/">Erdogan’s Backers Threaten to Commit a New Genocide Against Armenians</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2015/09/02/pkklilarin-hepsi-ermeni">An example of this occurring (in Turkish).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avim.org.tr/en/Yorum/RELATIONS-BETWEEN-THE-PKK-AND-ASALA">Relations between the PKK and ASALA (Turkish screed)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/10/turkey-armenian-kurds-minorities-forced-to-be-turkish.html">Grew up Kurdish, forced to be Turkish, now called Armenian</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">McPhee, Michele (September 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lamag.com/news/feds-nyc-mayor-eric-adams-took-bribes-from-turkish-official-to-ignore-armenian-genocide">"Feds: NYC Mayor Eric Adams Took Bribes From Turkish Official To Ignore Armenian Genocide"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Magazine</i>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Feds%3A+NYC+Mayor+Eric+Adams+Took+Bribes+From+Turkish+Official+To+Ignore+Armenian+Genocide&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=McPhee&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.au=McPhee%2C%26%2332%3BMichele&rft.date=September+26%2C+2024&rft.pub=%27%27Los+Angeles+Magazine%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flamag.com%2Fnews%2Ffeds-nyc-mayor-eric-adams-took-bribes-from-turkish-official-to-ignore-armenian-genocide&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Armenian_genocide_denial"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyaerialstunt-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nyaerialstunt_117-0">110.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nyaerialstunt_117-1">110.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nyaerialstunt_117-2">110.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Cassano, Jay (April 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/geico-helped-put-a-sky-message-above-nyc-denying-turkeys-genocide-in-armenia/">"GEICO-Sponsored Company Put a Sky Message Above NYC Denying Turkey’s Genocide of Armenians"</a>. VICE.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=GEICO-Sponsored+Company+Put+a+Sky+Message+Above+NYC+Denying+Turkey%E2%80%99s+Genocide+of+Armenians&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Cassano&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.au=Cassano%2C%26%2332%3BJay&rft.date=April+22%2C+2016&rft.pub=VICE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fgeico-helped-put-a-sky-message-above-nyc-denying-turkeys-genocide-in-armenia%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Armenian_genocide_denial"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-armenianweekly-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-armenianweekly_118-0">111.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-armenianweekly_118-1">111.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianweekly.com/2016/04/22/genocide-denial-ads/">"Turkish Group Sponsors Genocide Denial Ads, Prompts Outrage"</a>. <i>The Armenian Weekly</i>. April 22, 2016.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Turkish+Group+Sponsors+Genocide+Denial+Ads%2C+Prompts+Outrage&rft.atitle=&rft.date=April+22%2C+2016&rft.pub=%27%27The+Armenian+Weekly%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenianweekly.com%2F2016%2F04%2F22%2Fgenocide-denial-ads%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Armenian_genocide_denial"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209103704/https://www.1915.gov.tr/en/1915">The Events of 1915</a> <i>Presidencey of the Republic of Turkey: Directorate of Communications</i> (archived from December 9, 2019).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zartonkmedia.com/2020/06/23/breaking-news-turkeys-erdogan-instructs-creation-of-independent-agency-to-promote-the-denial-of-the-armenian-genocide/">Turkey’s Erdogan Instructs Creation Of Independent Agency To Promote The Denial Of The Armenian Genocide.</a> (June 23, 2020) <i>Zartonk</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024152539/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/american-turks-launch-new-campaign-over-1915-events/60499">American Turks launch new campaign over 1915 events: The 'Let History Decide' campaign in the U.S. will counter Armenian allegations over the events of 1915 involving the Ottoman Empire during World War I</a> (05.04.2015) <i>Anadolu Agency</i> (archived from October 24, 2018).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/jp54eg/how-google-searches-are-promoting-genocide-denial">How Google Searches Are Promoting Armenian Genocide Denial: If you Google "Armenia genocide," the top result takes you to propaganda that denies it ever happened.</a> by Brian Merchant (April 28, 2015, 2:20pm) <i>Vice</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2017/these-fake-fact-checkers-are-peddling-lies-about-genocide-and-censorship-in-turkey/">Faking Facts: The Case of FactCheckArmenia.com</a> <i>University of Calgary</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/112039">These fake ‘fact-checkers’ are peddling lies about genocide and censorship in Turkey</a> by Efe Kerem Sözeri (May 31, 2017) <i>Poynter Institute</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/full-page-wsj-ad-denying-armenian-genocide-spurs-anger-450971">Full-Page WSJ Ad Denying Armenian Genocide Spurs Anger</a> by Stav Ziv (4/21/16 at 4:08 PM EDT) <i>Newsweek</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/04/26/an-american-company-is-apologizing-for-denying-genocide-in-the-sky-above-new-york-city/">An American company is apologizing for ‘denying genocide’ in the sky above New York City</a> by Max Bearak (April 26, 2016 at 12:00 p.m. EDT) <i>THe Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.startribune.com/appeals-court-rules-for-u-of-m-in-case-over-unreliable-websites/150171485/">Appeals court rules for U of M in case over 'unreliable websites'</a> by jennaross (May 4, 2012 — 11:06am) <i>Minnesota StarTribune</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianweekly.com/2011/01/10/critical-thinking-or-genocide-denial-tca-vs-u-of-minn/">‘Critical Thinking’ or Genocide Denial? TCA vs. U. of Minn</a> (January 10, 2011) <i>The Armenian Weekly</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Coalition_of_America#Legal_actions" class="extiw" title="wp:Turkish Coalition of America" rel="nofollow">Turkish Coalition of America § Legal actions</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justiceforkhojaly.org/">Jusice for Khojaly</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quora.com/How-do-Armenian-genocide-deniers-compare-to-Holocaust-deniers-What-are-their-arguments/answer/Huseyin-Tugrul-Buyukisik?ch=10&share=cd25a354&srid=Infff">How do Armenian genocide deniers compare to Holocaust deniers? What are their arguments?</a> by Huseyin Tugrul Buyukisik, <i>Quora</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://holocaustcontroversies.blogspot.com/2009/11/exile-and-extermination-in-turkish-are.html">"Exile and Extermination in Turkish Are the Same"</a> (November 28, 2009) <i>Holocaust Controversies</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1016253.html">Azerbaijani Legion of Nazi Germany: Operations in Europe</a> (19:23, 23 May 2020) <i>Armenpress</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediamax.am/en/news/parzabanum/14121/">Key: Armenians in WWII</a> (May 8, 2015 13:48) <i>Media Max</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww2db.com/country/Armenia">Armenia</a> by C. Peter Chen (May 2013) <i>World War II Database</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-136">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20210423134114/https://twitter.com/DArmenicus/status/1385589466438512641">Archived tweet by one of these people</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-137">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/04/24/why-the-world-ignores-the-islamist-armenian-genocide/">"Why the world ignores the Islamist Armenian Genocide"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-138">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160319231613/http://armeniangenocide100.org/en/syrias-assad-pledges-to-recognize-armenian-genocide-5/">Syria’s Assad pledges to recognize Armenian Genocide</a> (June 11, 2015) <i>Armenian Genocide Centennial</i> (archived from March 19, 2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-139">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenian-genocide.org/recognition_countries.html">Countries that Recognize the Armenian Genocide</a> <i>Armenian National Institute</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&oldid=2692981">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Armenian_genocide_denial&oldid=2692981</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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