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class="mw-page-title-main">Hijikata Toshizō</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicikata_To%C5%9Fizo" title="Hicikata Toşizo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hicikata Toşizo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="Hijikata Toshizō – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hijikata Toshizō" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="Hijikata Toshizō – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hijikata Toshizō" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88" title="هیجی‌کاتا توشیزو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیجی‌کاتا توشیزو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="Hijikata Toshizō – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hijikata Toshizō" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%A7%80%EC%B9%B4%ED%83%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%A1%B0" title="히지카타 도시조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히지카타 도시조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="Hijikata Toshizō – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hijikata Toshizō" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidzsikata_Tosiz%C3%B3" title="Hidzsikata Tosizó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hidzsikata Tosizó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%B3%E4%B8%89" title="土方歳三 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="土方歳三" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiz%C5%8D_Hijikata" title="Toshizō Hijikata – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Toshizō Hijikata" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijikata_Toshizo" title="Hijikata Toshizo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hijikata Toshizo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Хидзиката Тосидзо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хидзиката Тосидзо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshizo_Hijikata" title="Toshizo Hijikata – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Toshizo Hijikata" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Хиџиката Тошизо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хиџиката Тошизо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B" title="ฮิจิกาตะ โทชิโซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮิจิกาตะ โทชิโซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="Hijikata Toshizō – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hijikata Toshizō" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="Hijikata Toshizō – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hijikata Toshizō" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%B2%E4%B8%89" title="土方歲三 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土方歲三" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q701182#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese warrior (1835–1869)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Hijikata" title="Hijikata">Hijikata</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Hijikata Toshizō<br />土方歳三<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Crest_mitu_Tomoe_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Japanese_Crest_mitu_Tomoe_1.svg/40px-Japanese_Crest_mitu_Tomoe_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Japanese_Crest_mitu_Tomoe_1.svg/60px-Japanese_Crest_mitu_Tomoe_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Japanese_Crest_mitu_Tomoe_1.svg/120px-Japanese_Crest_mitu_Tomoe_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="688" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo-Hijikata-Toshizo-c1869.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Photo-Hijikata-Toshizo-c1869.png/220px-Photo-Hijikata-Toshizo-c1869.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Photo-Hijikata-Toshizo-c1869.png/330px-Photo-Hijikata-Toshizo-c1869.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Photo-Hijikata-Toshizo-c1869.png/440px-Photo-Hijikata-Toshizo-c1869.png 2x" data-file-width="2558" data-file-height="3615" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Hijikata in 1869, photograph by <a href="/wiki/Tamoto_Kenz%C5%8D" title="Tamoto Kenzō">Tamoto Kenzō</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="nickname" lang="ja">土方歳三義豊</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Hijikata Toshizō Yoshitoyo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Naitō Hayato</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Oni no fukucho</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鬼の副長</span></span>, "Demon Vice-Commander")</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1835-05-31</span>)</span>May 31, 1835<br /><a href="/wiki/Musashi_Province" title="Musashi Province">Musashi Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 20, 1869<span style="display:none">(1869-06-20)</span> (aged 34)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hakodate" title="Hakodate">Hakodate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezo" title="Ezo">Ezo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gunshot_wound" title="Gunshot wound">Gunshot wound</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><i>unknown</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubaaoi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mitsubaaoi.svg/40px-Mitsubaaoi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mitsubaaoi.svg/60px-Mitsubaaoi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mitsubaaoi.svg/80px-Mitsubaaoi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Shogunate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokugawa Shogunate">Tokugawa Shogunate</a> <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Ezo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Seal_of_Ezo.svg/40px-Seal_of_Ezo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Seal_of_Ezo.svg/60px-Seal_of_Ezo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Seal_of_Ezo.svg/120px-Seal_of_Ezo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ezo" title="Republic of Ezo">Republic of Ezo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshigumi" title="Rōshigumi">Rōshigumi</a> (former) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi" title="Shinsengumi">Mibu Rōshigumi・Shinsengumi</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg/40px-Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg/60px-Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg/120px-Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="775" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1863–1869</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">Vice-Commander <br /> Deputy Defence Minister</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Coup of August 18, 1863</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ikedaya_incident" title="Ikedaya incident">Ikedaya incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinmon_incident" title="Kinmon incident">Kinmon incident</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" title="Battle of Toba–Fushimi">Battle of Toba–Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB-Katsunuma" title="Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma">Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utsunomiya_Castle" title="Battle of Utsunomiya Castle">Battle of Utsunomiya Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bonari_Pass" title="Battle of Bonari Pass">Battle of Bonari Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Miyako_Bay" title="Battle of Miyako Bay">Battle of Miyako Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Futamata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Futamata (page does not exist)">Battle of Futamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hakodate" title="Battle of Hakodate">Battle of Hakodate</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data">Hijikata Yoshiatsu (father) <br /> Etsu (mother) <br /> Hijikata Tamejiro (brother) <br /> Hijikata Kiroku (brother) <br /> Hijikata Shuu (sister) <br /> Kasuya Ryojin (brother) <br /> Satō Nobu (sister) <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sat%C5%8D_Hikogor%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satō Hikogorō (page does not exist)">Satō Hikogorō</a> (brother-in-law)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hijikata Toshizō</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">土方歳三</span></span>, May 31, 1835 – June 20, 1869)</span> was a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> swordsman of the <a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu"><i>Bakumatsu</i> period</a> and Vice-Commander<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">副長</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Fukucho</i></span>)</span> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi" title="Shinsengumi">Shinsengumi</a></i>. As Vice-Commander, he served the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Shogunate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokugawa Shogunate">Tokugawa Shogunate</a> and co-led his group in its resistance against the imperial rule brought about by the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a>. He fought against the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a> until his death at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hakodate" title="Battle of Hakodate">Battle of Hakodate</a>, which ended the war.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Hijikata Toshizō Yoshitoyo</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">土方歳三義豊</span></span>)</span> was born on May 31, 1835, in the <a href="/wiki/Ishida" title="Ishida">Ishida</a> village, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tama,_Musashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tama, Musashi (page does not exist)">Tama</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Musashi_Province" title="Musashi Province">Musashi Province</a> (present day Ishida, <a href="/wiki/Hino,_Edo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hino, Edo">Hino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>), Japan. He was the youngest of ten children and his father Hijikata Yoshiatsu (Hayato), a well-to-do farmer, died a few months before his birth. His eldest brother Tamejiro, was born blind and as a result, could not inherit the family property. His third older brother Daisaku (later Kasuya Ryojin), was adopted to another family and would later become a physician. His eldest sister Shuu died when he was about three years old and his mother Etsu also died when he was six years old, and he was therefore raised by his second older brother Kiroku and sister-in-law. </p><p>He was apparently tall compared to the average Japanese men of the period, and it is said that he was very handsome. He was said to be spoiled at an early age and was alleged to be mean to all but his friends and family. This changed when a 21-year-old swordsman from the <a href="/wiki/Aizu" title="Aizu">Aizu</a> clan known for opposing the Reformists was forced to commit <a href="/wiki/Seppuku" title="Seppuku">seppuku</a>. When Hijikata attended the man's funeral, he apparently cried in public. </p><p>Hijikata spent his youth selling his family's Ishida san'yaku (medicine for treating injuries such as bruises and broken bones) while practicing his <a href="/wiki/Self-taught" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-taught">self-taught</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenjutsu" title="Kenjutsu">kenjutsu</a>. His brother-in-law, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sat%C5%8D_Hikogor%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satō Hikogorō (page does not exist)">Satō Hikogorō</a>, who was married to his older sister Nobu, managed a <a href="/wiki/Tennen_Rishin-ry%C5%AB" title="Tennen Rishin-ryū">Tennen Rishin-ryū</a> dojo in Hino; through Satō, Hijikata later met <a href="/wiki/Kond%C5%8D_Isami" title="Kondō Isami">Kondō Isami</a> and was formally enrolled at the Tennen Rishin-ryū's Shieikan in 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Hijikata himself never fully mastered the <a href="/wiki/Tennen_Rishin-ry%C5%AB" title="Tennen Rishin-ryū">Tennen Rishin-ryū</a>, it is said that he managed to develop the "Shinsengumi-Kenjutsu" fighting style from the Tennen Rishin-ryū. </p><p>An arrangement was made by his eldest brother Tamejiro for him to marry Okoto, the daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Shamisen" title="Shamisen">shamisen</a> shop owners. Since he had already planned to join the <a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshigumi" title="Rōshigumi">Rōshigumi</a> with Kondō Isami, Hijikata told them that after he got a promotion, he would carry out his marriage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shinsengumi_period">Shinsengumi period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Shinsengumi period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="Talk:Hijikata Toshizō">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hijikata+Toshiz%C5%8D%22">"Hijikata Toshizō"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hijikata+Toshiz%C5%8D%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hijikata+Toshiz%C5%8D%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hijikata+Toshiz%C5%8D%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hijikata+Toshiz%C5%8D%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hijikata+Toshiz%C5%8D%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1863, Hijikata and Kondō Isami joined the Rōshigumi in Edo, they arrived in <a href="/wiki/Mibu,_Kyoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Mibu, Kyoto">Mibu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> and remained there as the <a href="/wiki/Mibu_R%C5%8Dshigumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mibu Rōshigumi">Mibu Rōshigumi</a> while the rest returned to Edo. Later, when Mibu Rōshigumi was renamed as the Shinsengumi, Kondō and two other men, <a href="/wiki/Serizawa_Kamo" title="Serizawa Kamo">Serizawa Kamo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niimi_Nishiki" title="Niimi Nishiki">Niimi Nishiki</a>, became joint leaders of the group, and Hijikata served as one of the deputy leaders. Shinsengumi served as a <a href="/wiki/Special_police" title="Special police">special police</a> force in Kyoto that fought against the Reformists under <a href="/wiki/Matsudaira_Katamori" title="Matsudaira Katamori">Matsudaira Katamori</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">Daimyō</a> of Aizu.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Serizawa and Niimi began fighting, drinking, and extorting money from merchants in Kyoto, which started to tarnish the reputation of Shinsengumi and earned the group the derogatory nickname of "Wolves of Mibu"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">壬生狼</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Miburō</i></span>)</span>. Hijikata found enough proof against Niimi in these matters and ordered him to commit seppuku on October 19. Later on October 30 (or October 28) at night, Hijikata and the selected Shinsengumi members went into the house of Yagi Gennojō and assassinated Serizawa, his mistress Oume, and one of his followers Hirayama Goro, with Hirama Jūsuke been the only survivor who fled that night. Kondō became the sole leader of Shinsengumi, with <a href="/wiki/Yamanami_Keisuke" title="Yamanami Keisuke">Yamanami Keisuke</a> as his Vice-Commander. During the <a href="/wiki/Ikedaya_incident" title="Ikedaya incident">Ikedaya incident</a> in the evening on July 8, 1864, Hijikata led a second group of 23 Shinsengumi members after Kondō's to help arresting a group of <a href="/wiki/Ishin_Shishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishin Shishi">shishi</a> at the Ikedaya Inn. </p><p>Some time after the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenzaiya_incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenzaiya incident (page does not exist)">Zenzaiya incident</a>, Yamanami Keisuke tried to leave Shinsengumi, despite the regulation against deserters. As a result, he committed <a href="/wiki/Seppuku" title="Seppuku">seppuku</a> with <a href="/wiki/Okita_S%C5%8Dji" title="Okita Sōji">Okita Sōji</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Kaishakunin" title="Kaishakunin">Kaishakunin</a> on March 20 (<a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a> February 23), 1865; and Hijikata took over as Vice-Commander. Due to his position in the Shinsengumi, which would be dangerous for anyone close to him, Hijikata felt that he had no choice but to cancel his marriage engagement with Okoto. Although he later had many lovers, he never came close to making a commitment to any of them. </p><p>The Shinsengumi grew to 140 men, which included a number of farmers and merchants whose livelihood would be threatened if the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown. The regulations set up by Shinsengumi within Kyoto were strict and Hijikata was known to be harsh in enforcing them, hence his nickname: "Demon Vice-Commander"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鬼の副長</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Oni no fukucho</i></span>)</span>. Even within the Shinsengumi itself, regulations were strictly enforced by Hijikata.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As usual, deserters and traitors were forced to commit seppuku. </p><p>Hijikata owned, among others, a sword signed "Izumi no Kami Kanesada" (和泉守兼定), made by the 11th and last generation<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title=""Last generation" of what? (July 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Aizu Kanesada (1837-1903). </p><p>Together with the rest of the Shinsengumi, Hijikata became a <i><a href="/wiki/Hatamoto" title="Hatamoto">hatamoto</a></i> in 1867 and took the name of <b>Naitō Hayato</b> (but reverted to his original name after Kondō was captured and executed during the Boshin war).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was given the rank of Yoriai (寄合格 Yoriai-kaku) in early 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-tamahito_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tamahito-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boshin_War">Boshin War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Boshin War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinsengumi_-_Hijikata_Toshizo_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Shinsengumi_-_Hijikata_Toshizo_5.jpg/220px-Shinsengumi_-_Hijikata_Toshizo_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Shinsengumi_-_Hijikata_Toshizo_5.jpg/330px-Shinsengumi_-_Hijikata_Toshizo_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Shinsengumi_-_Hijikata_Toshizo_5.jpg/440px-Shinsengumi_-_Hijikata_Toshizo_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>Hijikata Toshizo</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="Special:EditPage/Hijikata Toshizō">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a> in 1868, Kondō and Hijikata led the Shinsengumi in their final battles against the new government and fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" title="Battle of Toba–Fushimi">Battle of Toba–Fushimi</a> in January 1868. The Shinsengumi returned to <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a> and was later reformed into a unit known as the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_Chinbutai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōyō Chinbutai">Kōyō Chinbutai</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">甲陽鎮撫隊</span></span>, "Pacification Corps")</span> and departed from Edo for <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dfu_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōfu Castle">Kōfu Castle</a> on March 24 upon orders to suppress the uprisings there. But while on the way there, they received news on March 28 that the Kōfu Castle was taken by Imperial Court forces led by <a href="/wiki/Itagaki_Taisuke" title="Itagaki Taisuke">Itagaki Taisuke</a> and later settled at the town of Katsunuma five miles east of Kōfu. </p><p>On March 29, 1868, Kondō, Hijikata and the Kōyō Chinbutai resisted an attack by the Imperial forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB-Katsunuma" title="Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma">Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma</a> for about two hours but lost, and they were scattered and fled to Edo. </p><p>On April 11, 1868, Kondō, Hijikata and the Kōyō Chinbutai departed Edo again and later set up a temporary headquarters at the Kaneko family estate, northeast of Edo. They later moved to a new quarters in <a href="/wiki/Nagareyama,_Chiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagareyama, Chiba">Nagareyama</a> on April 25, 1868. </p><p>During the training at Nagareyama on April 26, 1868, the Kōyō Chinbutai were caught by surprise by the 200 strong Imperial forces led by Vice-chief of Staff <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arima_Tota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arima Tota (page does not exist)">Arima Tota</a> of <a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Domain" title="Satsuma Domain">Satsuma Domain</a> and Kondō was ordered to go with them to their camp at <a href="/wiki/Koshigaya" title="Koshigaya">Koshigaya</a>. He was later brought to <a href="/wiki/Itabashi" title="Itabashi">Itabashi</a> on April 27, 1868, for questioning. On the same day Hijikata went to Edo to see <a href="/wiki/Katsu_Kaish%C5%AB" title="Katsu Kaishū">Katsu Kaishū</a> and asked for his help in getting a pardon for Kondō. On the following day, a messenger arrived at Itabashi with a letter seemingly written by Katsu requesting that Kondō's life to be spared, but the messenger was arrested and the request was denied. </p><p>Following his trial on April 30, 1868, Kondō was executed at <a href="/wiki/Itabashi_execution_grounds" title="Itabashi execution grounds">Itabashi execution grounds</a> on May 17, 1868. Hijikata, convalesced from a foot injury sustained at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utsunomiya_Castle" title="Battle of Utsunomiya Castle">Battle of Utsunomiya Castle</a>, brought Kondō's strands of hair to Aizu and was said to have personally supervised the erection of Kondō's grave memorial at Tenneiji Temple. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bonari_Pass" title="Battle of Bonari Pass">Battle of Bonari Pass</a>, the next day on October 7, 1868, Hijikata met <a href="/wiki/Sait%C5%8D_Hajime" title="Saitō Hajime">Saitō Hajime</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inawashiro_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inawashiro Castle (page does not exist)">Inawashiro Castle</a> and stayed at the Saitoya inn in Wakamatsu. When Hijikata decided to retreat from Aizu, Saitō and a small group of Shinsengumi parted with Hijikata and continued to battle in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aizu" title="Battle of Aizu">Battle of Aizu</a> until the very end. Hijikata and his rest of the Shinsengumi went to <a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a>, where he joined up with <a href="/wiki/Enomoto_Takeaki" title="Enomoto Takeaki">Enomoto Takeaki</a>'s fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-tamahito_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tamahito-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He knew he was fighting a losing battle, and told the physician <a href="/wiki/Matsumoto_Ry%C5%8Djun" title="Matsumoto Ryōjun">Matsumoto Ryōjun</a>: </p> <blockquote> <p>I am not going to battle to win. With the Tokugawa government about to collapse, it would be a disgrace if no one is willing to go down with it. That is why I must go. I will fight the best battle of my life to die for the country. </p> </blockquote> <p>In October 1868, Hijikata and <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctori_Keisuke" title="Ōtori Keisuke">Ōtori Keisuke</a> led Shogunate forces to occupy the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Gory%C5%8Dkaku" title="Goryōkaku">Goryōkaku</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hakodate" title="Battle of Hakodate">Battle of Hakodate</a>, and continued to eliminate local resistance. When the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Ezo_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezo Republic">Ezo Republic</a> was founded in December, Hijikata was made a Deputy Defence Minister (Vice-minister of the Army).<sup id="cite_ref-tamahito_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tamahito-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imperial troops continued to attack by land and sea. </p><p>On May 6, 1869, Hijikata led a daring but doomed raid to steal the imperial warship <i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtetsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōtetsu">Kōtetsu</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Miyako_Bay" title="Battle of Miyako Bay">Battle of Miyako Bay</a>, in the early morning, a number of oppositionists managed to board the ship via the <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_warship_Kaiten" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese warship Kaiten">Kaiten</a></i> warship, but <i>Kōtetsu</i> repelled the attack and mowed them down with a <a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a>. Many others including the captain of <i>Kaiten</i> were also killed by gunfire from the Imperial ships. The battle lasted only thirty minutes; Hijikata, the survivors and the <i>Kaiten</i> retreated to Hakodate. </p><p>Later on the fourth week of May 1869, Hijikata led the 230-strong Republic of Ezo forces and the surviving Shinsengumi against 600 strong Imperial forces during the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Futamata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Futamata (page does not exist)">Battle of Futamata</a> for sixteen hours and were forced to retreat. The Imperial forces attacked again on the next day, only to retreat. On the following night, Hijikata led a successful raid on the Imperial forces' camp, forcing them to flee. Hijikata and the forces later retreated to Hakodate on June 10. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hakodate" title="Battle of Hakodate">Battle of Hakodate</a>, the final battle of the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a>, Hijikata summoned his 16-year-old <a href="/wiki/Page_(servant)" title="Page (servant)">page</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ichimura_Tetsunosuke" title="Ichimura Tetsunosuke">Ichimura Tetsunosuke</a> on June 14 (<a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a> May 5), 1869, to a private room in an inn. There, he entrusted Ichimura with a death poem, his <a href="/wiki/Katana" title="Katana">katana</a>, a letter, a photograph of himself, and several strands of his hair. Ichimura was instructed to bear them to the home of Hijikata's brother-in-law Satō Hikogorō in <a href="/wiki/Hino,_Tokyo" title="Hino, Tokyo">Hino</a>. The death poem entrusted to Ichimura reads: </p> <blockquote><p>Though my body may decay on the island of Ezo, my spirit guards my lord in the East.</p></blockquote> <p>In the final conflict of the revolution, on June 20 (lunar calendar May 11), 1869, Hijikata was killed near the Ippongi Kanmon (一本木関門) by a bullet that shattered his lower back while leading his troops on horseback. His body was later claimed by Koshiba Chōnosuke and others. </p><p>Three days later on June 23 (lunar calendar May 14), 1869, a group of surviving Shinsengumi members under the last commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C5%8Dma_Kazue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sōma Kazue (page does not exist)">Sōma Kazue</a> surrendered at <a href="/wiki/Benten_Daiba" title="Benten Daiba">Benten Daiba</a>. A week after Hijikata's death, the Goryōkaku fortress was taken and all military forces of the Ezo Republic surrendered to the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji government">Meiji government</a> on June 27, 1869, marking the end of Boshin War. </p><p>It is unknown where Hijikata was buried but it is believed that his body was laid to rest either at Goryōkaku, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hekketsuhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hekketsuhi (page does not exist)">Hekketsuhi</a> or Ganjoji. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grave_memorials_and_monuments">Grave memorials and monuments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Grave memorials and monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_Momument_of_Hijikata_Toshizo_in_Hakodate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stone_Momument_of_Hijikata_Toshizo_in_Hakodate.JPG/250px-Stone_Momument_of_Hijikata_Toshizo_in_Hakodate.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stone_Momument_of_Hijikata_Toshizo_in_Hakodate.JPG/330px-Stone_Momument_of_Hijikata_Toshizo_in_Hakodate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stone_Momument_of_Hijikata_Toshizo_in_Hakodate.JPG/500px-Stone_Momument_of_Hijikata_Toshizo_in_Hakodate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5478" data-file-height="3593" /></a><figcaption>The oldest grave memorial of Hijikata Toshizo in Hakodate</figcaption></figure> <p>The first grave memorial of Hijikata was at Wakamatsu-chō, Hakodate, where he was killed, near the reconstructed Ippongi Kanmon in the present day compound of the Hakodate Welfare Centre. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hijikata_Toshizo_Boseki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hijikata_Toshizo_Boseki.jpg/220px-Hijikata_Toshizo_Boseki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hijikata_Toshizo_Boseki.jpg/330px-Hijikata_Toshizo_Boseki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hijikata_Toshizo_Boseki.jpg/440px-Hijikata_Toshizo_Boseki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Grave memorial of Hijikata family (Hijikata Toshizō's on the right) at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekidenji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekidenji (page does not exist)">Sekidenji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hino,_Tokyo" title="Hino, Tokyo">Hino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A grave memorial of Hijikata was also erected at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekidenji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekidenji (page does not exist)">Sekidenji</a> temple in <a href="/wiki/Hino,_Tokyo" title="Hino, Tokyo">Hino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. </p><p>Other grave memorials were located at Shōmyōji (Hakodate, Hokkaido), Tenneji (<a href="/wiki/Aizuwakamatsu" title="Aizuwakamatsu">Aizuwakamatsu</a>), Jutokuji (<a href="/wiki/Kita,_Tokyo" title="Kita, Tokyo">Kita</a>, Tokyo), Entsūji (Kita, Tokyo), etc. </p><p>A monument known as Hekketsuhi, was erected at Hakodate in memory of about 800 people, including Hijikata, who died during the Boshin War. </p><p>In 1875, <a href="/wiki/Nagakura_Shinpachi" title="Nagakura Shinpachi">Nagakura Shinpachi</a>, with the help of <a href="/wiki/Matsumoto_Ry%C5%8Djun" title="Matsumoto Ryōjun">Matsumoto Ryōjun</a> and several of his surviving former Shinsengumi comrades including Saitō Hajime among others, erected the monument known as the <i>Grave of Shinsengumi</i> for Kondō Isami, Hijikata Toshizō, and the fallen comrades of the Shinsengumi at Jutoku-ji temple boundary in <a href="/wiki/Itabashi" title="Itabashi">Itabashi</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Itabashi_Station" title="Itabashi Station">Itabashi Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hijikata_Toshizo_Kyozou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hijikata_Toshizo_Kyozou.jpg/250px-Hijikata_Toshizo_Kyozou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hijikata_Toshizo_Kyozou.jpg/330px-Hijikata_Toshizo_Kyozou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hijikata_Toshizo_Kyozou.jpg/500px-Hijikata_Toshizo_Kyozou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Hijikata bust near the Hijikata Toshizō Museum, Takahata Fudo, Hino, Tokyo</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hijikata Toshizō Museum was later established in 1994 near the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekidenji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekidenji (page does not exist)">Sekidenji</a> temple. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shinsengumi have become a popular subject for films, television, and manga and anime, ranging from historical drama to comedy and romance. As a leader of the group, Hijikata is usually a prominent character in such productions. </p><p>The novel <a href="/wiki/Moeyo_Ken" title="Moeyo Ken">Moeyo Ken</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Shiba" title="Ryōtarō Shiba">Ryōtarō Shiba</a>, is a dramatization of Hijikata's life.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel was adapted into a film in 1966 and a television series in 1970 where Hijikata was played by <a href="/wiki/Asahi_Kurizuka" title="Asahi Kurizuka">Asahi Kurizuka</a>. Adapted from the same novel in the 2021 film <i><a href="/wiki/Baragaki:_Unbroken_Samurai" title="Baragaki: Unbroken Samurai">Baragaki: Unbroken Samurai</a></i>, Hijikata was played by <a href="/wiki/Junichi_Okada" title="Junichi Okada">Junichi Okada</a>, a member of Japanese <a href="/wiki/Boy_band" title="Boy band">boy band</a> <a href="/wiki/V6_(band)" title="V6 (band)">V6</a>. </p><p>Hijikata is depicted in the 1999 film <i><a href="/wiki/Taboo_(1999_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taboo (1999 film)">Gohatto</a></i> ("Taboo") (played by <a href="/wiki/Takeshi_Kitano" title="Takeshi Kitano">Takeshi Kitano</a>) and the 2013 NHK Taiga drama <i><a href="/wiki/Yae_no_Sakura" class="mw-redirect" title="Yae no Sakura">Yae no Sakura</a></i> (played by <a href="/wiki/Jun_Murakami" title="Jun Murakami">Jun Murakami</a>). He was also played by <a href="/wiki/Koji_Yamamoto_(actor)" title="Koji Yamamoto (actor)">Koji Yamamoto</a> in both the 2004 <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a> Taiga drama series <i><a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi!" title="Shinsengumi!">Shinsengumi!</a></i> (including the single-episode sequel <i>Shinsengumi!: Hijikata Toshizo Saigo no Ichinichi</i>) and 2015 <a href="/wiki/Asadora" title="Asadora">morning drama</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Asa_ga_Kita" title="Asa ga Kita">Asa ga Kita</a></i>. He is the protagonist in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morita_Kenji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morita Kenji (page does not exist)">Morita Kenji</a>'s manga <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Getsumei_Seiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Getsumei Seiki (page does not exist)">Getsumei Seiki</a></i>, and in Mibu Robin's <i>Baragaki</i> ("Red Demon"). </p><p>He is also featured in a number of other anime and manga series, including <i><a href="/wiki/Gintama" title="Gintama">Gintama</a></i> (an inspired character named Hijikata Tōshi<i>rō</i> 土方十四郎), <i><a href="/wiki/Peacemaker_Kurogane" title="Peacemaker Kurogane">Peacemaker Kurogane</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Intrigue_in_the_Bakumatsu_-_Irohanihoheto" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrigue in the Bakumatsu - Irohanihoheto">Intrigue in the Bakumatsu - Irohanihoheto</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Slayers_Ayashi" title="Ghost Slayers Ayashi">Ghost Slayers Ayashi</a></i> (as a child, with a brief glimpse of his future death); <i><a href="/wiki/Kaze_Hikaru" title="Kaze Hikaru">Kaze Hikaru</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shura_no_Toki" class="mw-redirect" title="Shura no Toki">Shura no Toki</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hell_Girl" title="Hell Girl">Hell Girl</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Soar_High!_Isami" title="Soar High! Isami">Soar High! Isami</a></i> (inspired character: Toshi Tsukikage) and the popular <a href="/wiki/Otome_game" title="Otome game">otome game</a>/anime series <i><a href="/wiki/Hakuouki:_Shinsengumi_Kitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakuouki: Shinsengumi Kitan">Hakuouki: Shinsengumi Kitan</a>.</i> Hijikata is also a supporting character in <i>Shin Teito Monogatari</i>, the prequel to the bestselling <a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">historical fantasy</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Teito_Monogatari" title="Teito Monogatari">Teito Monogatari</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Aramata" title="Hiroshi Aramata">Hiroshi Aramata</a>). In the manga and anime, <i><a href="/wiki/Drifters_(manga)" title="Drifters (manga)">Drifters</a></i>, Hijikata serves as one of the antagonists, who holds hatred to the protagonist, <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Toyohisa" title="Shimazu Toyohisa">Shimazu Toyohisa</a>, because he is an ancestor of the Shimazu clan he fought. He is also a main character in the manga <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Kamuy" title="Golden Kamuy">Golden Kamuy</a></i>, having been secretly imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Abashiri_Prison" title="Abashiri Prison">Abashiri Prison</a> instead of killed. Hijikata appears in the 2014 historical fiction novel <i>The Soldier and the Samurai</i>.(<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1500183059" title="Special:BookSources/1500183059">1500183059</a>) In 2024, the story of Hijikata served as a backdrop for the 27th Detective Conan movie <i>The Million-Dollar Pentagram</i>. Hijikata is a antagonist in anime series <a href="/wiki/Ao_no_Miburo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ao no Miburo">Ao no Miburo</a>. </p><p>Hijikata is one of the main characters in the 2014 video game <i><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_Ishin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakuza Ishin">Ryū ga Gotoku Ishin!</a></i>, voiced by <a href="/wiki/Nakamura_Shid%C5%8D_II" title="Nakamura Shidō II">Nakamura Shidō II</a>. He has the visual likeness of previous series antagonist Yoshitaka Mine. </p><p>Hijikata appeared in the 2024 drama "With You I Bloom: The Shinsengumi Youth Chronicle" based on the 1963 Shinsengumi manga by <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Tezuka" title="Osamu Tezuka">Osamu Tezuka</a>. He was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Shogo_Sakamoto" title="Shogo Sakamoto">Shogo Sakamoto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephane_Lun_(2021)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephane Lun (2021) (page does not exist)">Stephane Lun (2021)</a> "A Guide on Shinsengumi: the background and management." [Kindle paperwhite version] Retrieved from amazon.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephane_Lun_(2021)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephane Lun (2021) (page does not exist)">Stephane Lun (2021)</a> "A Guide on Shinsengumi: the background and management." [Kindle paperwhite version] Retrieved from amazon.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephane_Lun_(2021)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephane Lun (2021) (page does not exist)">Stephane Lun (2021)</a> "A Guide on Shinsengumi: the background and management." [Kindle paperwhite version] Retrieved from amazon.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephane_Lun_(2021)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephane Lun (2021) (page does not exist)">Stephane Lun (2021)</a> "A Guide on Shinsengumi: the background and management." [Kindle paperwhite version] Retrieved from amazon.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.jp/str_homepage/rekishi/bakumatsu/shinsengumi/kaisetsu/sgh/sgh_bakushin.html">幕臣取り立て新選組概史歴史館-動乱の章</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130816012611/http://www.geocities.jp/str_homepage/rekishi/bakumatsu/shinsengumi/kaisetsu/sgh/sgh_bakushin.html">Archived</a> 2013-08-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; accessed 16 June 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tamahito-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tamahito_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tamahito_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tamahito_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tamahito.com/toshizo.htm">土方歳三 HIJIKATA</a>, tamahito.com; accessed 16 June 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee2011" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Rosa (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newvoices.org.au/volume-4/romanticising-shinsengumi-in-contemporary-japan/#fn-1109-38">"Romanticising Shinsengumi in Contemporary Japan"</a>. <i>New Voices in Japanese Studies</i>. <b>4</b>: <span class="nowrap">168–</span>187. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21159%2Fnv.04.08">10.21159/nv.04.08</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Voices+in+Japanese+Studies&rft.atitle=Romanticising+Shinsengumi+in+Contemporary+Japan&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E168-%3C%2Fspan%3E187&rft.date=2011-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21159%2Fnv.04.08&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Rosa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewvoices.org.au%2Fvolume-4%2Fromanticising-shinsengumi-in-contemporary-japan%2F%23fn-1109-38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHijikata+Toshiz%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/kimiyuki/">https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/kimiyuki/</a> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Stephane Lun 倫世豪. <i>A Guide on Shinsengumi: the background and management</i>. 2021 Kindle Paperwhite version. Amazon.com</li> <li>Hijikata Toshizō and Okita Sōji. <i>Hijikata Toshizō, Okita Sōji zenshokanshū</i> edited by Kikuchi Akira. Tōkyō : Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-404-02306-5" title="Special:BookSources/4-404-02306-5">4-404-02306-5</a>.</li> <li>Itō Seirō. <i>Hijikata Toshizō no nikki</i>. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-404-02861-X" title="Special:BookSources/4-404-02861-X">4-404-02861-X</a></li> <li>Kikuchi Akira, et al. <i> Shashinshū Hijikata Toshizō no shōgai</i>. Tōkyō : Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-404-02930-6" title="Special:BookSources/4-404-02930-6">4-404-02930-6</a></li> <li>Miyoshi Tōru. <i> Senshi no fu: Hijikata Toshizō no sei to shi</i>. Tōkyō: Shueisha, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-08-748001-1" title="Special:BookSources/4-08-748001-1">4-08-748001-1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/408748002X" title="Special:BookSources/408748002X">408748002X</a>.</li> <li>Tanaka Mariko and Matsumoto Naoko. <i> Hijikata Toshizō Boshin senki</i>. Tōkyō : Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 1976.</li> <li>"Moe Yo Ken" ('Burn, My Sword') by Shiba Ryoutarou (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://moeyoken.blogspot.com/2009/01/1.html">http://moeyoken.blogspot.com/2009/01/1.html</a>) Entire fictional biography of Toshizo (link no longer active)</li> <li>Hillsborough, Romulus. <i>Shinsengumi: The Shōgun's Last Samurai Corps</i>. North Clarendon, Vermont: Tuttle Publishing, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8048-3627-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8048-3627-2">0-8048-3627-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040404123315/http://www.city.hino.tokyo.jp/museum/">Hino city museum</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hijikata-toshizo.jp/">Hijikata Toshizo Archives</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.samurai-archives.com/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshizo">SamuraiWiki</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shinsengumijapan.com">SHINSENGUMI</a> 新選組 Shinsengumi Website</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Ōuetsu_Reppan_Dōmei187" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%C5%8Cuetsu_Reppan_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Template:Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%C5%8Cuetsu_Reppan_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Template talk:Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:%C5%8Cuetsu_Reppan_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ōuetsu_Reppan_Dōmei187" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuetsu_Reppan_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei">Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leader (<i>Meishu</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Kitashirakawa_Yoshihisa" title="Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa">Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors-General (<i>Sōtoku</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Date_Yoshikuni" title="Date Yoshikuni">Date Yoshikuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Narinori" title="Uesugi Narinori">Uesugi Narinori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff Officers (<i>Sanbō</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogasawara_Nagamichi" title="Ogasawara Nagamichi">Ogasawara Nagamichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itakura_Katsukiyo" title="Itakura Katsukiyo">Itakura Katsukiyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Executive: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Cuetsu_k%C5%8Dgi-fu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ōuetsu kōgi-fu (page does not exist)">Ōuetsu kōgi-fu</a> (Shiroishi)</li> <li>Military: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunjikyoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunjikyoku (page does not exist)">Gunjikyoku</a> (Fukushima)</li> <li>Parliamentary: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Cuetsu_reppankaigi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ōuetsu reppankaigi (page does not exist)">Ōuetsu reppankaigi</a> (Shiroishi)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key castles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiroishi_Castle" title="Shiroishi Castle">Shiroishi Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aoba_Castle" title="Aoba Castle">Sendai Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morioka_Castle" title="Morioka Castle">Morioka Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Castle" title="Fukushima Castle">Fukushima Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaoka_Castle" title="Nagaoka Castle">Nagaoka Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member domains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sendai_Domain" title="Sendai Domain">Sendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonezawa_Domain" title="Yonezawa Domain">Yonezawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonmatsu_Domain" title="Nihonmatsu Domain">Nihonmatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunagaya_Domain" title="Yunagaya Domain">Yunagaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanagura_Domain" title="Tanagura Domain">Tanagura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kameda_Domain" title="Kameda Domain">Kameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dma_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Sōma Domain">Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Domain" title="Yamagata Domain">Yamagata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Domain" title="Fukushima Domain">Fukushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaminoyama_Domain" title="Kaminoyama Domain">Kaminoyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichinoseki_Domain" title="Ichinoseki Domain">Ichinoseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashima_Domain" title="Yashima Domain">Yashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morioka_Domain" title="Morioka Domain">Morioka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miharu_Domain" title="Miharu Domain">Miharu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubota_Domain" title="Kubota Domain">Kubota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirosaki_Domain" title="Hirosaki Domain">Hirosaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriyama_Domain" title="Moriyama Domain">Moriyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinj%C5%8D_Domain" title="Shinjō Domain">Shinjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachinohe_Domain" title="Hachinohe Domain">Hachinohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwakitaira_Domain" title="Iwakitaira Domain">Iwakitaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsumae_Domain" title="Matsumae Domain">Matsumae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honj%C5%8D_Domain" title="Honjō Domain">Honjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izumi_Domain" title="Izumi Domain">Izumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimotedo_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimotedo Domain">Shimotedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tend%C5%8D_Domain" title="Tendō Domain">Tendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaoka_Domain" title="Nagaoka Domain">Nagaoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibata_Domain" title="Shibata Domain">Shibata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murakami_Domain" title="Murakami Domain">Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muramatsu_Domain" title="Muramatsu Domain">Muramatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineyama_Domain_(Echigo)" title="Mineyama Domain (Echigo)">Mineyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurokawa_Domain" title="Kurokawa Domain">Kurokawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-member allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aizu" title="Aizu">Aizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuruoka_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsuruoka Domain">Shōnai Domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dzai_Domain" title="Jōzai Domain">Jōzai Domain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hokuetsu" title="Battle of Hokuetsu">Battle of Hokuetsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bonari_Pass" title="Battle of Bonari Pass">Battle of Bonari Pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawai_Tsugunosuke" title="Kawai Tsugunosuke">Kawai Tsugunosuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosoya_J%C5%ABday%C5%AB" title="Hosoya Jūdayū">Hosoya Jūdayū</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hijikata Toshizō</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narayama_Sado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narayama Sado (page does not exist)">Narayama Sado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayashi_Tadataka" title="Hayashi Tadataka">Hayashi Tadataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701182#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1030" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701182#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1030" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701182#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83000140">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00405512">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09584545?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/096248793">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshizō&oldid=1280295037">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hijikata_Toshizō&oldid=1280295037</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1835_births" title="Category:1835 births">1835 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1869_deaths" title="Category:1869 deaths">1869 deaths</a></li><li><a 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