L'invention des prix Nobel de chimie a révolutionné ces objets qui nous entourent

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"></div></div> <script type="text/javascript">if (typeof HPAds !== 'undefined') { HPAds.ad_onload('div[id^="ad_leaderboard_flex"] iframe','HPAds.ad_uac_onload_handler(\' iframe[class^="uac_"]\',this,\'bottom_ad_border_div\',10)'); }</script></div>  <div id="modulous_splash_takeover" class="ad_spot"></div> </div> <div class="page__content"> <article> <header class="entry__header yr-entry-header"> <a class="entry-eyebrow" href="/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/science/"><span>SCIENCE</span></a> <div class="timestamp"> <span class="timestamp__date timestamp__date--published"> 09/10/2019 19:04 CEST </span> <span class="timestamp__separator">|</span> <span class="timestamp__date timestamp__date--modified"> <strong>Actualisé</strong> 09/10/2019 19:05 CEST </span> </div> <div class="headline"> <h1 class="headline__title">L'invention des prix Nobel de chimie a révolutionné ces objets qui nous entourent</h1> <h2 class="headline__subtitle">Plus petit, plus léger, plus puissant, plus fiable...l'arrivée dans les années 90 des batteries lithium-ion a bouleversé les objets du quotidien et de l'industrie.</h2> <div class="headline__stroke" style="background-color: #0dbe98"></div> </div> <div class="share-bar share-bar--sticky yr-share"> <script id="share-bar__social-mob" type="text/template"><ul class="share-bar__list"><li class="facebook share-bar__item"><a class="share-bar__item-link icon-Social_Facebook yr-share-item" data-social-name="facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.fr%2Fentry%2Flinvention-des-prix-nobel-de-chimie-a-revolutionne-ces-objets-qui-nous-entourent_fr_5d9dcfb7e4b087efdba5d9ed%3Fncid%3Dother_facebook_eucluwzme5k%26utm_campaign%3Dshare_facebook" target="_blank"></a></li><li class="twitter share-bar__item"><a class="share-bar__item-link icon-Social_Twitter yr-share-item" data-social-name="twitter" aria-label="Share on 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class="author-card yr-author-card"> <a href="/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/author/balu" class="bn-author-image bn-clickable yr-author-image" aria-label="More from Matthieu Balu"> <div class="author-card__headshot" style="background-image: url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337im_/https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5d3b2f083b00001800dad93b.png?ops=50_50);"></div> </a> <div class="author-card__details"> <span class="author-card__details-container"> <a class="author-card__details__name" href="/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/author/balu"> <span class="author-card__details__name"> Par Matthieu Balu </span> </a> </span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="page__content__row row--no-border"> <div class="col col--body-center"> <div class="entry__below-entry"> <div class="entry__content js-entry-content"> <div class="top-media yr-top-media"> <div class="top-media__video"> <iframe aria-label="Video" id="dmPlayer" data-provider="dailymotion" data-published="October 10, 2019 19:23" data-videovertical="" data-video-id="x7mfgz0" data-autoplay="" frameborder="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337if_/https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/x7mfgz0" allowfullscreen allow="autoplay"></iframe> </div> </div> <div class="entry__body" data-part="contents">  <div id="sharebox_260x60" class="advertisement sharebox_260x60 ad_spot desktop-only"> </div> <div class="post-contents yr-entry-text"><div class="content-list-component text"><p>PRIX NOBEL - Dans nos ordinateurs, nos smartphones, nos voitures, et jusqu’aux satellites: les batteries lithium-ion inventées par les trois chercheurs <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/le-prix-nobel-de-chimie-2019-recompense-linvention-des-batteries-au-lithium-ion_fr_5d9d8d47e4b02c9da04114d8?utm_hp_ref=fr-homepage">prix Nobel 2019</a> de chimie sont partout. Mais si leur discrétion est précisément l’un de leurs atouts, elles n’en ont pas moins révolutionné l’apparence, et parfois le fonctionnement d’une multitude <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/news/technologie/">d’objets</a>.</p><p><strong>Comme vous pouvez le découvrir dans la vidéo en tête de cet article,</strong> le passage de l’éléphantesque Motorola Dynatac (lancé en 1983) au très design Startac de la même marque incarne bien la rupture qu’a constitué le passage à ces batteries contenant l’élément solide le plus léger sur terre, le lithium. Bien sûr, la technologie en général a connu des avancées spectaculaires...mais sans l’autonomie et la puissance à la demande, pas de téléphonie mobile pour le grand public.</p><p>Même constat dans l’industrie, où la conservation de l’énergie a toujours été un frein à la progression technologique. Dans l’automobile bien sûr, où <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/news/elon-musk/">Elon Musk</a> a fait des batteries Lithium-ion des championnes toutes catégories de l’autonomie sur la route, mais aussi dans le secteur <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/news/espace/">spatial</a>. Les satellites, chargés avec des batteries au lithium-ion dès la fin des années 1990, ont gagné en autonomie et en puissance. Des qualités particulièrement essentielles pour les satellites géosynchrones, utilisées dans les télécommunications, les prévisions météo, la défense...</p><p><strong>À voir également sur <em>Le HuffPost:</em></strong></p><p> </p></div><div class="content-list-component embed-asset"><iframe data-provider="youtube" data-published="October 10, 2019 19:23" data-videovertical="" id="ytplayer" type="text/html" allowfullscreen="allowFullScreen" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/v_SwQp3qODY?enablejsapi=1" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay"></iframe></div> <div class="related-entries related-entries--list yr-related-entries"><h3 class="related-entries__head">Lire aussi:</h3><ul class="related-entries__list"><li class="related-entries__list__item yr-related-entry"><a class="related-entries__title entry__link--omit yr-card-headline" 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commentant le football</a> </h2> </div> <a class="yr-card-image" href="/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/la-voix-eugene-saccomano-commentant-le-football-etait-inoubliable_fr_5d9b90e2e4b099389804ad62?ncid=other_topvideos_cp1pj3fgmfs&utm_campaign=top_videos"> <div class="card__image sigil sigil--video sigil--bottom-left"> <div class="icon-Meta_Video sigil__icon"></div> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337im_/https://o.aolcdn.com/images/dims?quality=80&thumbnail=118%2C67&image_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.huffingtonpost.com%2Fasset%2F5d9b9aa42100006601ab98f1.png%3Fcache%3DRzEzBD6v97&client=cbc79c14efcebee57402&signature=8997a3c3d4d7580c0216f7603df02f505a51f852" class="bitmap" alt="Réécoutez la voix inoubliable d’Eugène Saccomano commentant le"/> </div> </a> <div style="float: clear;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="video_6" class="recirc__content"> <div class="card recirc__item yr-card"> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__headlines"> <h2 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l’offensive turque contre les Kurdes à la frontière"/> </div> </a> <div style="float: clear;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="video_9" class="recirc__content"> <div class="card recirc__item yr-card"> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__headlines"> <h2 class="card__headline js-card-headline"> <a class="card__link yr-card-headline" href="/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/sur-extinction-rebellion-segolene-royal-delire-completement-dapres-des-militants_fr_5d9b4cd1e4b0fc935ede0313?ncid=other_topvideos_cp1pj3fgmfs&utm_campaign=top_videos">Sur Extinction Rébellion, Ségolène Royal “délire complètement”</a> </h2> </div> <a class="yr-card-image" href="/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/sur-extinction-rebellion-segolene-royal-delire-completement-dapres-des-militants_fr_5d9b4cd1e4b0fc935ede0313?ncid=other_topvideos_cp1pj3fgmfs&utm_campaign=top_videos"> <div class="card__image sigil sigil--video sigil--bottom-left"> <div 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manifs d’Extinction Rebellion</a> </h2> </div> <a class="yr-card-image" href="/web/20191010192337/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/de-lorchestre-au-camping-tour-du-monde-des-manifestations-extinction-rebellion-pour-le-climat_fr_5d9b5d31e4b099389803f0f3?ncid=other_topvideos_cp1pj3fgmfs&utm_campaign=top_videos"> <div class="card__image sigil sigil--video sigil--bottom-left"> <div class="icon-Meta_Video sigil__icon"></div> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337im_/https://o.aolcdn.com/images/dims?quality=80&thumbnail=118%2C67&image_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.huffingtonpost.com%2Fasset%2F5d9b5f602100005903330299.png%3Fcache%3De7LMmKJqSN&client=cbc79c14efcebee57402&signature=db12f844a39f8fe916640a3032af969780edc845" class="bitmap" alt="De l’orchestre au camping, tour du monde des manifs d’Extinction"/> </div> </a> <div style="float: clear;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="newsletter-toaster desktop-only 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"symbol" : typeof obj; }; var _createClass = function () { function defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } } return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }; }(); function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } } var _require = require('./encode'), encodeConsentString = _require.encodeConsentString, _getMaxVendorId = _require.getMaxVendorId, encodeVendorIdsToBits = _require.encodeVendorIdsToBits, encodePurposeIdsToBits = _require.encodePurposeIdsToBits; var _require2 = require('./decode'), decodeConsentString = _require2.decodeConsentString; var _require3 = require('./utils/definitions'), vendorVersionMap = _require3.vendorVersionMap; /** * Regular expression for validating */ var consentLanguageRegexp = /^[a-z]{2}$/; var ConsentString = function () { function ConsentString() { var baseString = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : null; _classCallCheck(this, ConsentString); this.created = new Date(); this.lastUpdated = new Date(); this.version = 1; this.vendorList = null; this.vendorListVersion = null; this.cmpId = null; this.cmpVersion = null; this.consentScreen = null; this.consentLanguage = null; this.allowedPurposeIds = []; this.allowedVendorIds = []; // Decode the base string if (baseString) { Object.assign(this, decodeConsentString(baseString)); } } _createClass(ConsentString, [{ key: 'getConsentString', value: function getConsentString() { var updateDate = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : true; if (!this.vendorList) { throw new Error('ConsentString - A vendor list is required to encode a consent string'); } if (updateDate === true) { this.lastUpdated = new Date(); } return encodeConsentString({ version: this.getVersion(), vendorList: this.vendorList, allowedPurposeIds: this.allowedPurposeIds, allowedVendorIds: this.allowedVendorIds, created: this.created, lastUpdated: this.lastUpdated, cmpId: this.cmpId, cmpVersion: this.cmpVersion, consentScreen: this.consentScreen, consentLanguage: this.consentLanguage, vendorListVersion: this.vendorListVersion }); } }, { key: 'getLastUpdated', value: function getLastUpdated() { return this.lastUpdated; } }, { key: 'setLastUpdated', value: function setLastUpdated() { var date = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : null; if (date) { this.lastUpdated = new Date(date); } else { this.lastUpdated = new Date(); } } }, { key: 'getCreated', value: function getCreated() { return this.created; } }, { key: 'setCreated', value: function setCreated() { var date = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : null; if (date) { this.created = new Date(date); } else { this.created = new Date(); } } }, { key: 'getMaxVendorId', value: function getMaxVendorId() { return _getMaxVendorId(this.vendorList.vendors); } }, { key: 'getParsedVendorConsents', value: function getParsedVendorConsents() { return encodeVendorIdsToBits(_getMaxVendorId(this.vendorList.vendors), this.allowedVendorIds); } }, { key: 'getParsedPurposeConsents', value: function getParsedPurposeConsents() { return encodePurposeIdsToBits(this.vendorList.purposes, this.allowedPurposeIds); } }, { key: 'getMetadataString', value: function getMetadataString() { return encodeConsentString({ version: this.getVersion(), created: this.created, lastUpdated: this.lastUpdated, cmpId: this.cmpId, cmpVersion: this.cmpVersion, consentScreen: this.consentScreen, vendorListVersion: this.vendorListVersion }); } }, { key: 'getVersion', value: function getVersion() { return this.version; } }, { key: 'getVendorListVersion', value: function getVendorListVersion() { return this.vendorListVersion; } }, { key: 'setGlobalVendorList', value: function setGlobalVendorList(vendorList) { if ((typeof vendorList === 'undefined' ? 'undefined' : _typeof(vendorList)) !== 'object') { throw new Error('ConsentString - You must provide an object when setting the global vendor list'); } if (!vendorList.vendorListVersion || !Array.isArray(vendorList.purposes) || !Array.isArray(vendorList.vendors)) { // The provided vendor list does not look valid throw new Error('ConsentString - The provided vendor list does not respect the schema from the IAB EU’s GDPR Consent and Transparency Framework'); } // Cloning the GVL // It's important as we might transform it and don't want to modify objects that we do not own this.vendorList = { vendorListVersion: vendorList.vendorListVersion, lastUpdated: vendorList.lastUpdated, purposes: vendorList.purposes, features: vendorList.features, // Clone the list and sort the vendors by ID (it breaks our range generation algorithm if they are not sorted) vendors: vendorList.vendors.slice(0).sort(function (firstVendor, secondVendor) { return firstVendor.id < secondVendor.id ? -1 : 1; }) }; this.vendorListVersion = vendorList.vendorListVersion; } }, { key: 'getGlobalVendorList', value: function getGlobalVendorList() { return this.vendorList; } }, { key: 'setCmpId', value: function setCmpId(id) { this.cmpId = id; } }, { key: 'getCmpId', value: function getCmpId() { return this.cmpId; } }, { key: 'setCmpVersion', value: function setCmpVersion(version) { this.cmpVersion = version; } }, { key: 'getCmpVersion', value: function getCmpVersion() { return this.cmpVersion; } }, { key: 'setConsentScreen', value: function setConsentScreen(screenId) { this.consentScreen = screenId; } }, { key: 'getConsentScreen', value: function getConsentScreen() { return this.consentScreen; } }, { key: 'setConsentLanguage', value: function setConsentLanguage(language) { if (consentLanguageRegexp.test(language) === false) { throw new Error('ConsentString - The consent language must be a two-letter ISO639-1 code (en, fr, de, etc.)'); } this.consentLanguage = language; } }, { key: 'getConsentLanguage', value: function getConsentLanguage() { return this.consentLanguage; } }, { key: 'setPurposesAllowed', value: function setPurposesAllowed(purposeIds) { this.allowedPurposeIds = purposeIds; } }, { key: 'getPurposesAllowed', value: function getPurposesAllowed() { return this.allowedPurposeIds; } }, { key: 'setPurposeAllowed', value: function setPurposeAllowed(purposeId, value) { var purposeIndex = this.allowedPurposeIds.indexOf(purposeId); if (value === true) { if (purposeIndex === -1) { this.allowedPurposeIds.push(purposeId); } } else if (value === false) { if (purposeIndex !== -1) { this.allowedPurposeIds.splice(purposeIndex, 1); } } } }, { key: 'isPurposeAllowed', value: function isPurposeAllowed(purposeId) { return this.allowedPurposeIds.indexOf(purposeId) !== -1; } }, { key: 'setVendorsAllowed', value: function setVendorsAllowed(vendorIds) { this.allowedVendorIds = vendorIds; } }, { key: 'getVendorsAllowed', value: function getVendorsAllowed() { return this.allowedVendorIds; } }, { key: 'setVendorAllowed', value: function setVendorAllowed(vendorId, value) { var vendorIndex = this.allowedVendorIds.indexOf(vendorId); if (value === true) { if (vendorIndex === -1) { this.allowedVendorIds.push(vendorId); } } else if (value === false) { if (vendorIndex !== -1) { this.allowedVendorIds.splice(vendorIndex, 1); } } } }, { key: 'isVendorAllowed', value: function isVendorAllowed(vendorId) { return this.allowedVendorIds.indexOf(vendorId) !== -1; } }], [{ key: 'decodeMetadataString', value: function decodeMetadataString(encodedMetadata) { var decodedString = decodeConsentString(encodedMetadata); var metadata = {}; vendorVersionMap[decodedString.version].metadataFields.forEach(function (field) { metadata[field] = decodedString[field]; }); return metadata; } }]); return ConsentString; }(); module.exports = { ConsentString: ConsentString }; },{"./decode":2,"./encode":3,"./utils/definitions":5}],2:[function(require,module,exports){ 'use strict'; var _require = require('./utils/bits'), decodeBitsToIds = _require.decodeBitsToIds, decodeFromBase64 = _require.decodeFromBase64; /** * Decode consent data from a web-safe base64-encoded string * * @param {string} consentString */ function decodeConsentString(consentString) { var _decodeFromBase = decodeFromBase64(consentString), version = _decodeFromBase.version, cmpId = _decodeFromBase.cmpId, vendorListVersion = _decodeFromBase.vendorListVersion, purposeIdBitString = _decodeFromBase.purposeIdBitString, maxVendorId = _decodeFromBase.maxVendorId, created = _decodeFromBase.created, lastUpdated = _decodeFromBase.lastUpdated, isRange = _decodeFromBase.isRange, defaultConsent = _decodeFromBase.defaultConsent, vendorIdBitString = _decodeFromBase.vendorIdBitString, vendorRangeList = _decodeFromBase.vendorRangeList, cmpVersion = _decodeFromBase.cmpVersion, consentScreen = _decodeFromBase.consentScreen, consentLanguage = _decodeFromBase.consentLanguage; var consentStringData = { version: version, cmpId: cmpId, vendorListVersion: vendorListVersion, allowedPurposeIds: decodeBitsToIds(purposeIdBitString), maxVendorId: maxVendorId, created: created, lastUpdated: lastUpdated, cmpVersion: cmpVersion, consentScreen: consentScreen, consentLanguage: consentLanguage }; if (isRange) { /* eslint no-shadow: off */ var idMap = vendorRangeList.reduce(function (acc, _ref) { var isRange = _ref.isRange, startVendorId = _ref.startVendorId, endVendorId = _ref.endVendorId; var lastVendorId = isRange ? endVendorId : startVendorId; for (var i = startVendorId; i <= lastVendorId; i += 1) { acc[i] = true; } return acc; }, {}); consentStringData.allowedVendorIds = []; for (var i = 1; i <= maxVendorId; i += 1) { if (defaultConsent && !idMap[i] || !defaultConsent && idMap[i]) { if (consentStringData.allowedVendorIds.indexOf(i) === -1) { consentStringData.allowedVendorIds.push(i); } } } } else { consentStringData.allowedVendorIds = decodeBitsToIds(vendorIdBitString); } return consentStringData; } module.exports = { decodeConsentString: decodeConsentString }; },{"./utils/bits":4}],3:[function(require,module,exports){ 'use strict'; var _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; var _require = require('./utils/bits'), encodeToBase64 = _require.encodeToBase64, padRight = _require.padRight; /** * Encode a list of vendor IDs into bits * * @param {integer} maxVendorId Highest vendor ID in the vendor list * @param {integer[]} allowedVendorIds Vendors that the user has given consent to */ function encodeVendorIdsToBits(maxVendorId) { var allowedVendorIds = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : []; var vendorString = ''; for (var id = 1; id <= maxVendorId; id += 1) { vendorString += allowedVendorIds.indexOf(id) !== -1 ? '1' : '0'; } return padRight(vendorString, Math.max(0, maxVendorId - vendorString.length)); } /** * Encode a list of purpose IDs into bits * * @param {*} purposes List of purposes from the vendor list * @param {*} allowedPurposeIds List of purpose IDs that the user has given consent to */ function encodePurposeIdsToBits(purposes) { var allowedPurposeIds = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : new Set(); var maxPurposeId = 0; for (var i = 0; i < purposes.length; i += 1) { maxPurposeId = Math.max(maxPurposeId, purposes[i].id); } for (var _i = 0; _i < allowedPurposeIds.length; _i += 1) { maxPurposeId = Math.max(maxPurposeId, allowedPurposeIds[_i]); } var purposeString = ''; for (var id = 1; id <= maxPurposeId; id += 1) { purposeString += allowedPurposeIds.indexOf(id) !== -1 ? '1' : '0'; } return purposeString; } /** * Convert a list of vendor IDs to ranges * * @param {object[]} vendors List of vendors from the vendor list (important: this list must to be sorted by ID) * @param {integer[]} allowedVendorIds List of vendor IDs that the user has given consent to */ function convertVendorsToRanges(vendors, allowedVendorIds) { var range = []; var ranges = []; var idsInList = vendors.map(function (vendor) { return vendor.id; }); for (var index = 0; index < vendors.length; index += 1) { var id = vendors[index].id; if (allowedVendorIds.indexOf(id) !== -1) { range.push(id); } // Do we need to close the current range? if ((allowedVendorIds.indexOf(id) === -1 // The vendor we are evaluating is not allowed || index === vendors.length - 1 // There is no more vendor to evaluate || idsInList.indexOf(id + 1) === -1 // There is no vendor after this one (ie there is a gap in the vendor IDs) ; we need to stop here to avoid including vendors that do not have consent ) && range.length) { var startVendorId = range.shift(); var endVendorId = range.pop(); range = []; ranges.push({ isRange: typeof endVendorId === 'number', startVendorId: startVendorId, endVendorId: endVendorId }); } } return ranges; } /** * Get maxVendorId from the list of vendors and return that id * * @param {object} vendors */ function getMaxVendorId(vendors) { // Find the max vendor ID from the vendor list var maxVendorId = 0; vendors.forEach(function (vendor) { if (vendor.id > maxVendorId) { maxVendorId = vendor.id; } }); return maxVendorId; } /** * Encode consent data into a web-safe base64-encoded string * * @param {object} consentData Data to include in the string (see `utils/definitions.js` for the list of fields) */ function encodeConsentString(consentData) { var maxVendorId = consentData.maxVendorId; var _consentData$vendorLi = consentData.vendorList, vendorList = _consentData$vendorLi === undefined ? {} : _consentData$vendorLi, allowedPurposeIds = consentData.allowedPurposeIds, allowedVendorIds = consentData.allowedVendorIds; var _vendorList$vendors = vendorList.vendors, vendors = _vendorList$vendors === undefined ? [] : _vendorList$vendors, _vendorList$purposes = vendorList.purposes, purposes = _vendorList$purposes === undefined ? [] : _vendorList$purposes; // if no maxVendorId is in the ConsentData, get it if (!maxVendorId) { maxVendorId = getMaxVendorId(vendors); } // Encode the data with and without ranges and return the smallest encoded payload var noRangesData = encodeToBase64(_extends({}, consentData, { maxVendorId: maxVendorId, purposeIdBitString: encodePurposeIdsToBits(purposes, allowedPurposeIds), isRange: false, vendorIdBitString: encodeVendorIdsToBits(maxVendorId, allowedVendorIds) })); var vendorRangeList = convertVendorsToRanges(vendors, allowedVendorIds); var rangesData = encodeToBase64(_extends({}, consentData, { maxVendorId: maxVendorId, purposeIdBitString: encodePurposeIdsToBits(purposes, allowedPurposeIds), isRange: true, defaultConsent: false, numEntries: vendorRangeList.length, vendorRangeList: vendorRangeList })); return noRangesData.length < rangesData.length ? noRangesData : rangesData; } module.exports = { convertVendorsToRanges: convertVendorsToRanges, encodeConsentString: encodeConsentString, getMaxVendorId: getMaxVendorId, encodeVendorIdsToBits: encodeVendorIdsToBits, encodePurposeIdsToBits: encodePurposeIdsToBits }; },{"./utils/bits":4}],4:[function(require,module,exports){ 'use strict'; /* eslint no-use-before-define: off */ var base64 = require('base-64'); var _require = require('./definitions'), versionNumBits = _require.versionNumBits, vendorVersionMap = _require.vendorVersionMap; function repeat(count) { var string = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : '0'; var padString = ''; for (var i = 0; i < count; i += 1) { padString += string; } return padString; } function padLeft(string, padding) { return repeat(Math.max(0, padding)) + string; } function padRight(string, padding) { return string + repeat(Math.max(0, padding)); } function encodeIntToBits(number, numBits) { var bitString = ''; if (typeof number === 'number' && !isNaN(number)) { bitString = parseInt(number, 10).toString(2); } // Pad the string if not filling all bits if (numBits >= bitString.length) { bitString = padLeft(bitString, numBits - bitString.length); } // Truncate the string if longer than the number of bits if (bitString.length > numBits) { bitString = bitString.substring(0, numBits); } return bitString; } function encodeBoolToBits(value) { return encodeIntToBits(value === true ? 1 : 0, 1); } function encodeDateToBits(date, numBits) { if (date instanceof Date) { return encodeIntToBits(date.getTime() / 100, numBits); } return encodeIntToBits(date, numBits); } function encodeLetterToBits(letter, numBits) { return encodeIntToBits(letter.toUpperCase().charCodeAt(0) - 65, numBits); } function encodeLanguageToBits(language) { var numBits = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 12; return encodeLetterToBits(language.slice(0, 1), numBits / 2) + encodeLetterToBits(language.slice(1), numBits / 2); } function decodeBitsToInt(bitString, start, length) { return parseInt(bitString.substr(start, length), 2); } function decodeBitsToDate(bitString, start, length) { return new Date(decodeBitsToInt(bitString, start, length) * 100); } function decodeBitsToBool(bitString, start) { return parseInt(bitString.substr(start, 1), 2) === 1; } function decodeBitsToLetter(bitString) { var letterCode = decodeBitsToInt(bitString); return String.fromCharCode(letterCode + 65).toLowerCase(); } function decodeBitsToLanguage(bitString, start, length) { var languageBitString = bitString.substr(start, length); return decodeBitsToLetter(languageBitString.slice(0, length / 2)) + decodeBitsToLetter(languageBitString.slice(length / 2)); } function encodeField(_ref) { var input = _ref.input, field = _ref.field; var name = field.name, type = field.type, numBits = field.numBits, encoder = field.encoder, validator = field.validator; if (typeof validator === 'function') { if (!validator(input)) { return ''; } } if (typeof encoder === 'function') { return encoder(input); } var bitCount = typeof numBits === 'function' ? numBits(input) : numBits; var inputValue = input[name]; var fieldValue = inputValue === null || inputValue === undefined ? '' : inputValue; switch (type) { case 'int': return encodeIntToBits(fieldValue, bitCount); case 'bool': return encodeBoolToBits(fieldValue); case 'date': return encodeDateToBits(fieldValue, bitCount); case 'bits': return padRight(fieldValue, bitCount - fieldValue.length).substring(0, bitCount); case 'list': return fieldValue.reduce(function (acc, listValue) { return acc + encodeFields({ input: listValue, fields: field.fields }); }, ''); case 'language': return encodeLanguageToBits(fieldValue, bitCount); default: throw new Error('ConsentString - Unknown field type ' + type + ' for encoding'); } } function encodeFields(_ref2) { var input = _ref2.input, fields = _ref2.fields; return fields.reduce(function (acc, field) { acc += encodeField({ input: input, field: field }); return acc; }, ''); } function decodeField(_ref3) { var input = _ref3.input, output = _ref3.output, startPosition = _ref3.startPosition, field = _ref3.field; var type = field.type, numBits = field.numBits, decoder = field.decoder, validator = field.validator, listCount = field.listCount; if (typeof validator === 'function') { if (!validator(output)) { // Not decoding this field so make sure we start parsing the next field at // the same point return { newPosition: startPosition }; } } if (typeof decoder === 'function') { return decoder(input, output, startPosition); } var bitCount = typeof numBits === 'function' ? numBits(output) : numBits; switch (type) { case 'int': return { fieldValue: decodeBitsToInt(input, startPosition, bitCount) }; case 'bool': return { fieldValue: decodeBitsToBool(input, startPosition) }; case 'date': return { fieldValue: decodeBitsToDate(input, startPosition, bitCount) }; case 'bits': return { fieldValue: input.substr(startPosition, bitCount) }; case 'list': return decodeList(input, output, startPosition, field, listCount); case 'language': return { fieldValue: decodeBitsToLanguage(input, startPosition, bitCount) }; default: throw new Error('ConsentString - Unknown field type ' + type + ' for decoding'); } } function decodeList(input, output, startPosition, field, listCount) { var listEntryCount = 0; if (typeof listCount === 'function') { listEntryCount = listCount(output); } else if (typeof listCount === 'number') { listEntryCount = listCount; } var newPosition = startPosition; var fieldValue = []; for (var i = 0; i < listEntryCount; i += 1) { var decodedFields = decodeFields({ input: input, fields: field.fields, startPosition: newPosition }); newPosition = decodedFields.newPosition; fieldValue.push(decodedFields.decodedObject); } return { fieldValue: fieldValue, newPosition: newPosition }; } function decodeFields(_ref4) { var input = _ref4.input, fields = _ref4.fields, _ref4$startPosition = _ref4.startPosition, startPosition = _ref4$startPosition === undefined ? 0 : _ref4$startPosition; var position = startPosition; var decodedObject = fields.reduce(function (acc, field) { var name = field.name, numBits = field.numBits; var _decodeField = decodeField({ input: input, output: acc, startPosition: position, field: field }), fieldValue = _decodeField.fieldValue, newPosition = _decodeField.newPosition; if (fieldValue !== undefined) { acc[name] = fieldValue; } if (newPosition !== undefined) { position = newPosition; } else if (typeof numBits === 'number') { position += numBits; } return acc; }, {}); return { decodedObject: decodedObject, newPosition: position }; } /** * Encode the data properties to a bit string. Encoding will encode * either `selectedVendorIds` or the `vendorRangeList` depending on * the value of the `isRange` flag. */ function encodeDataToBits(data, definitionMap) { var version = data.version; if (typeof version !== 'number') { throw new Error('ConsentString - No version field to encode'); } else if (!definitionMap[version]) { throw new Error('ConsentString - No definition for version ' + version); } else { var fields = definitionMap[version].fields; return encodeFields({ input: data, fields: fields }); } } /** * Take all fields required to encode the consent string and produce the URL safe Base64 encoded value */ function encodeToBase64(data) { var definitionMap = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : vendorVersionMap; var binaryValue = encodeDataToBits(data, definitionMap); if (binaryValue) { // Pad length to multiple of 8 var paddedBinaryValue = padRight(binaryValue, 7 - (binaryValue.length + 7) % 8); // Encode to bytes var bytes = ''; for (var i = 0; i < paddedBinaryValue.length; i += 8) { bytes += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(paddedBinaryValue.substr(i, 8), 2)); } // Make base64 string URL friendly return base64.encode(bytes).replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_').replace(/=+$/, ''); } return null; } function decodeConsentStringBitValue(bitString) { var definitionMap = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : vendorVersionMap; var version = decodeBitsToInt(bitString, 0, versionNumBits); if (typeof version !== 'number') { throw new Error('ConsentString - Unknown version number in the string to decode'); } else if (!vendorVersionMap[version]) { throw new Error('ConsentString - Unsupported version ' + version + ' in the string to decode'); } var fields = definitionMap[version].fields; var _decodeFields = decodeFields({ input: bitString, fields: fields }), decodedObject = _decodeFields.decodedObject; return decodedObject; } /** * Decode the (URL safe Base64) value of a consent string into an object. */ function decodeFromBase64(consentString, definitionMap) { // Add padding var unsafe = consentString; while (unsafe.length % 4 !== 0) { unsafe += '='; } // Replace safe characters unsafe = unsafe.replace(/-/g, '+').replace(/_/g, '/'); var bytes = base64.decode(unsafe); var inputBits = ''; for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 1) { var bitString = bytes.charCodeAt(i).toString(2); inputBits += padLeft(bitString, 8 - bitString.length); } return decodeConsentStringBitValue(inputBits, definitionMap); } function decodeBitsToIds(bitString) { return bitString.split('').reduce(function (acc, bit, index) { if (bit === '1') { if (acc.indexOf(index + 1) === -1) { acc.push(index + 1); } } return acc; }, []); } module.exports = { padRight: padRight, padLeft: padLeft, encodeField: encodeField, encodeDataToBits: encodeDataToBits, encodeIntToBits: encodeIntToBits, encodeBoolToBits: encodeBoolToBits, encodeDateToBits: encodeDateToBits, encodeLanguageToBits: encodeLanguageToBits, encodeLetterToBits: encodeLetterToBits, encodeToBase64: encodeToBase64, decodeBitsToIds: decodeBitsToIds, decodeBitsToInt: decodeBitsToInt, decodeBitsToDate: decodeBitsToDate, decodeBitsToBool: decodeBitsToBool, decodeBitsToLanguage: decodeBitsToLanguage, decodeBitsToLetter: decodeBitsToLetter, decodeFromBase64: decodeFromBase64 }; },{"./definitions":5,"base-64":6}],5:[function(require,module,exports){ 'use strict'; /** * Number of bits for encoding the version integer * Expected to be the same across versions */ var versionNumBits = 6; /** * Definition of the consent string encoded format * * From https://github.com/InteractiveAdvertisingBureau/GDPR-Transparency-and-Consent-Framework/blob/master/Draft_for_Public_Comment_Transparency%20%26%20Consent%20Framework%20-%20cookie%20and%20vendor%20list%20format%20specification%20v1.0a.pdf */ var vendorVersionMap = { /** * Version 1 */ 1: { version: 1, metadataFields: ['version', 'created', 'lastUpdated', 'cmpId', 'cmpVersion', 'consentScreen', 'vendorListVersion'], fields: [{ name: 'version', type: 'int', numBits: 6 }, { name: 'created', type: 'date', numBits: 36 }, { name: 'lastUpdated', type: 'date', numBits: 36 }, { name: 'cmpId', type: 'int', numBits: 12 }, { name: 'cmpVersion', type: 'int', numBits: 12 }, { name: 'consentScreen', type: 'int', numBits: 6 }, { name: 'consentLanguage', type: 'language', numBits: 12 }, { name: 'vendorListVersion', type: 'int', numBits: 12 }, { name: 'purposeIdBitString', type: 'bits', numBits: 24 }, { name: 'maxVendorId', type: 'int', numBits: 16 }, { name: 'isRange', type: 'bool', numBits: 1 }, { name: 'vendorIdBitString', type: 'bits', numBits: function numBits(decodedObject) { return decodedObject.maxVendorId; }, validator: function validator(decodedObject) { return !decodedObject.isRange; } }, { name: 'defaultConsent', type: 'bool', numBits: 1, validator: function validator(decodedObject) { return decodedObject.isRange; } }, { name: 'numEntries', numBits: 12, type: 'int', validator: function validator(decodedObject) { return decodedObject.isRange; } }, { name: 'vendorRangeList', type: 'list', listCount: function listCount(decodedObject) { return decodedObject.numEntries; }, validator: function validator(decodedObject) { return decodedObject.isRange; }, fields: [{ name: 'isRange', type: 'bool', numBits: 1 }, { name: 'startVendorId', type: 'int', numBits: 16 }, { name: 'endVendorId', type: 'int', numBits: 16, validator: function validator(decodedObject) { return decodedObject.isRange; } }] }] } }; module.exports = { versionNumBits: versionNumBits, vendorVersionMap: vendorVersionMap }; },{}],6:[function(require,module,exports){ (function (global){ /*! http://mths.be/base64 v0.1.0 by @mathias | MIT license */ ;(function(root) { // Detect free variables `exports`. var freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports; // Detect free variable `module`. var freeModule = typeof module == 'object' && module && module.exports == freeExports && module; // Detect free variable `global`, from Node.js or Browserified code, and use // it as `root`. var freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global; if (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal) { root = freeGlobal; } /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ var InvalidCharacterError = function(message) { this.message = message; }; InvalidCharacterError.prototype = new Error; InvalidCharacterError.prototype.name = 'InvalidCharacterError'; var error = function(message) { // Note: the error messages used throughout this file match those used by // the native `atob`/`btoa` implementation in Chromium. throw new InvalidCharacterError(message); }; var TABLE = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'; // http://whatwg.org/html/common-microsyntaxes.html#space-character var REGEX_SPACE_CHARACTERS = /[\t\n\f\r ]/g; // `decode` is designed to be fully compatible with `atob` as described in the // HTML Standard. http://whatwg.org/html/webappapis.html#dom-windowbase64-atob // The optimized base64-decoding algorithm used is based on @atk’s excellent // implementation. https://gist.github.com/atk/1020396 var decode = function(input) { input = String(input) .replace(REGEX_SPACE_CHARACTERS, ''); var length = input.length; if (length % 4 == 0) { input = input.replace(/==?$/, ''); length = input.length; } if ( length % 4 == 1 || // http://whatwg.org/C#alphanumeric-ascii-characters /[^+a-zA-Z0-9/]/.test(input) ) { error( 'Invalid character: the string to be decoded is not correctly encoded.' ); } var bitCounter = 0; var bitStorage; var buffer; var output = ''; var position = -1; while (++position < length) { buffer = TABLE.indexOf(input.charAt(position)); bitStorage = bitCounter % 4 ? bitStorage * 64 + buffer : buffer; // Unless this is the first of a group of 4 characters… if (bitCounter++ % 4) { // …convert the first 8 bits to a single ASCII character. output += String.fromCharCode( 0xFF & bitStorage >> (-2 * bitCounter & 6) ); } } return output; }; // `encode` is designed to be fully compatible with `btoa` as described in the // HTML Standard: http://whatwg.org/html/webappapis.html#dom-windowbase64-btoa var encode = function(input) { input = String(input); if (/[^\0-\xFF]/.test(input)) { // Note: no need to special-case astral symbols here, as surrogates are // matched, and the input is supposed to only contain ASCII anyway. error( 'The string to be encoded contains characters outside of the ' + 'Latin1 range.' ); } var padding = input.length % 3; var output = ''; var position = -1; var a; var b; var c; var d; var buffer; // Make sure any padding is handled outside of the loop. var length = input.length - padding; while (++position < length) { // Read three bytes, i.e. 24 bits. a = input.charCodeAt(position) << 16; b = input.charCodeAt(++position) << 8; c = input.charCodeAt(++position); buffer = a + b + c; // Turn the 24 bits into four chunks of 6 bits each, and append the // matching character for each of them to the output. output += ( TABLE.charAt(buffer >> 18 & 0x3F) + TABLE.charAt(buffer >> 12 & 0x3F) + TABLE.charAt(buffer >> 6 & 0x3F) + TABLE.charAt(buffer & 0x3F) ); } if (padding == 2) { a = input.charCodeAt(position) << 8; b = input.charCodeAt(++position); buffer = a + b; output += ( TABLE.charAt(buffer >> 10) + TABLE.charAt((buffer >> 4) & 0x3F) + TABLE.charAt((buffer << 2) & 0x3F) + '=' ); } else if (padding == 1) { buffer = input.charCodeAt(position); output += ( TABLE.charAt(buffer >> 2) + TABLE.charAt((buffer << 4) & 0x3F) + '==' ); } return output; }; var base64 = { 'encode': encode, 'decode': decode, 'version': '0.1.0' }; // Some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for specific condition patterns // like the following: if ( typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd ) { define(function() { return base64; }); } else if (freeExports && !freeExports.nodeType) { if (freeModule) { // in Node.js or RingoJS v0.8.0+ freeModule.exports = base64; } else { // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0- for (var key in base64) { base64.hasOwnProperty(key) && (freeExports[key] = base64[key]); } } } else { // in Rhino or a web browser root.base64 = base64; } }(this)); }).call(this,typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {}) },{}],7:[function(require,module,exports){ 'use strict'; var _require = require('./consent-string'), ConsentString = _require.ConsentString; var _require2 = require('./decode'), decodeConsentString = _require2.decodeConsentString; var _require3 = require('./encode'), encodeConsentString = _require3.encodeConsentString; module.exports = { ConsentString: ConsentString, decodeConsentString: decodeConsentString, encodeConsentString: encodeConsentString }; },{"./consent-string":1,"./decode":2,"./encode":3}]},{},[7])(7) }); </script><script type="application/javascript" data-script="vendorService.js"> "use strict"; var cachedData = {}; var callbacks = { gvl: [], pvl: [] }; // Path changed to "/.well-known/pubvendors.json" var endpoints = { gvl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20191010192337/https://service.cmp.oath.com/cmp/v0/vendor_list/global', pvl: "".concat(document.location.origin, "/.well-known/pubvendors.json") }; 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L'invention des prix Nobel de chimie a révolutionné ces objets qui nous entourent | Le Huffington Post