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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anglo-Saxon helmet from the late seventh century found in Wollaston, Northamptonshire</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Pioneer Helmet</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneer_Helmet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photograph of the Pioneer Helmet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pioneer_Helmet.jpg/220px-Pioneer_Helmet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pioneer_Helmet.jpg/330px-Pioneer_Helmet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Pioneer_Helmet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="721" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The Pioneer Helmet</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Material</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Created</th><td class="infobox-data">7th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Discovered</th><td class="infobox-data">1997 <a href="/wiki/Wollaston,_Northamptonshire" title="Wollaston, Northamptonshire">Wollaston, Northamptonshire</a>, United Kingdom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pioneer_Helmet&params=52.25553_N_0.70387_W_">52°15′20″N 0°42′14″W / 52.25553°N 0.70387°W / 52.25553; -0.70387</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Discovered by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Meadows_(archaeologist)" title="Ian Meadows (archaeologist)">Ian Meadows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Present location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries_Museum" title="Royal Armouries Museum">Royal Armouries Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Pioneer Helmet (also known as the Wollaston Helmet or Northamptonshire Helmet), is an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Boar-crested_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar-crested helmet">boar-crested helmet</a> from the late seventh century found in <a href="/wiki/Wollaston,_Northamptonshire" title="Wollaston, Northamptonshire">Wollaston, Northamptonshire</a>, United Kingdom. It was discovered during a March 1997 excavation before the land was to be mined for gravel and was part of the grave of a young man. Other objects in the grave, such as a <a href="/wiki/Hanging_bowl" title="Hanging bowl">hanging bowl</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Pattern_welding" title="Pattern welding">pattern welded</a> sword, suggest that it was the <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">burial mound</a> of a high-status warrior. The sparsely decorated nature of the helmet, a utilitarian iron fighting piece, belies its rarity. It is one of just six Anglo-Saxon helmets yet discovered, joined by finds from <a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange (1848)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo (1939)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coppergate_Helmet" title="Coppergate Helmet">Coppergate (1982)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shorwell_helmet" title="Shorwell helmet">Shorwell (2004)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_helmet" title="Staffordshire helmet">Staffordshire (2009)</a>; its basic form is nearly identical to that of the richer Coppergate helmet found in York. Like these, the Pioneer Helmet is an example of the "crested helmets" that flourished in England and Scandinavia from the sixth through eleventh centuries. The distinctive feature of the helmet is the boar mounted atop its <a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">crest</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boar-crested_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar-crested helmet">Boar-crested helmets</a> are a staple of Anglo-Saxon imagery, evidence of a <a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic tradition</a> in which the boar invoked the protection of the gods. The Pioneer Helmet is one of three—together with the Benty Grange helmet and the detached <a href="/wiki/Guilden_Morden_boar" title="Guilden Morden boar">Guilden Morden boar</a>—known to have survived. These boar crests recall a time when such decoration may have been common; the Anglo-Saxon poem <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a>, in which boar-adorned helmets are mentioned five times, speaks of a funeral <a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">pyre</a> "heaped with boar-shaped helmets forged in gold,"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200077-1">[1]</a> forging a link between the warrior hero of legend and the Pioneer Helmet of reality. The helmet was named after Pioneer Aggregates UK Ltd, who funded its excavation and conservation. It was unveiled at the <a href="/wiki/New_Walk_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="New Walk Museum">New Walk Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, and as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit">[update]</a> is on display at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries_Museum" title="Royal Armouries Museum">Royal Armouries Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coppergate_Helmet_YORCM_CA665-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photograph of the Coppergate helmet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coppergate_Helmet_YORCM_CA665-2.png/220px-Coppergate_Helmet_YORCM_CA665-2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coppergate_Helmet_YORCM_CA665-2.png/330px-Coppergate_Helmet_YORCM_CA665-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coppergate_Helmet_YORCM_CA665-2.png/440px-Coppergate_Helmet_YORCM_CA665-2.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="1219" /></a><figcaption>The basic construction of the richer <a href="/wiki/Coppergate_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coppergate helmet">Coppergate helmet</a> is similar to that of the Pioneer Helmet.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">helmet</a> has the same basic form as the Anglo-Saxon <a href="/wiki/Coppergate_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coppergate helmet">Coppergate helmet</a>, but is a utilitarian piece with little decoration,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200425-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200639-3">[3]</a> and is larger, perhaps to allow for additional padding.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997192–193-4">[4]</a> It originally consisted of an iron skull cap, from which hung two cheek guards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049-5">[5]</a> The form of neck protection that the helmet afforded, if any, is uncertain, owing to ploughing damage to the helmet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049-5">[5]</a> The cap of the helmet was constructed from twelve individual components riveted together.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049-5">[5]</a> The basic form was created by four pieces: a brow band joined by a nose-to-nape band, and, on either side, a lateral band reaching from the side of the brow band to the top of the nose-to-nape band.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049-5">[5]</a> Cutouts at the front of the brow and nose-to-nape bands functioned as eye-holes, and a 5 mm (0.20 in) wide strip of metal was riveted along the edge of the openings, perhaps to provide balance or decoration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049,_11-6">[6]</a> Four subtriangular infill plates were riveted inside to cover the resulting holes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049–10-7">[7]</a> Finally, three narrow C-sectioned strips were added to provide additional strength, one each running the length of the nose-to-nape and lateral bands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049-5">[5]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nasal_helmet" title="Nasal helmet">nasal</a> is not a separate component, but rather is a continuation of the nose-to-nape bands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049,_11-6">[6]</a> Atop the helmet was set the boar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411-8">[8]</a> It was affixed to the C-sectioned nose-to-nape strip, and was forged from a single rod of iron.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411-8">[8]</a> Its back was bent downwards to form the hind legs, while the front of the rod was split, one part bent to form the forelegs, the other part continuing forward to form the boar's snout.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411-8">[8]</a> Beyond very minor details—the snout was made to be slightly triangular, the hind was somewhat flattened, and slight grooves in the forelegs suggested individual limbs—the boar was not decorated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200640-9">[9]</a> Beneath the cap hung two cheek guards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200410-10">[10]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dexter_and_sinister" title="Dexter and sinister">sinister</a> cheek guard, which is all that remains other than minor fragments of the <a href="/wiki/Dexter_and_sinister" title="Dexter and sinister">dexter</a>, was 110 mm (4.3 in) long and 86 mm (3.4 in) wide at the top.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200410-10">[10]</a> It was curved inward both laterally and longitudinally other than the upper rear edge which was bent outwards, either intentionally to improve the articulation of the joint, or by damage incurred during use.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200410–11-11">[11]</a> Two strips of metal were then bent in half, with one folded around the brow band and one around the cheek guard, and attached by a single rivet through each.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411-8">[8]</a> These encased a narrow loop of wire which held the cheek guards to the cap.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411-8">[8]</a> A single rivet was also attached to the middle of the guard, probably to facilitate the attachment of leather strips used to draw tight the cheek guards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraceni1997-12">[12]</a> The form of neck protection on the helmet, if any, is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049-5">[5]</a> The bottom of the back of the helmet is largely missing,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049,_25-13">[13]</a> although the portion that survives appears to have at least two perforations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049-5">[5]</a> These would most likely have been used to attach a neck guard, perhaps like the one made of <a href="/wiki/Aventail" title="Aventail">camail</a> on the Coppergate helmet, yet no such remains were found.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049-5">[5]</a> A series of unexplained iron rods found near the helmet could theoretically have been used as stiffeners for an organic neck guard, such as one made of leather, but such an arrangement has no known parallels; it is instead thought that the rods were more likely belt stiffeners.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows199838-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20046,_9-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery">Discovery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discovery">edit</a>]</div> The helmet was discovered over <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> in March 1997 in <a href="/wiki/Wollaston,_Northamptonshire" title="Wollaston, Northamptonshire">Wollaston</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Wellingborough" title="Wellingborough">Wellingborough</a>, Northamptonshire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebsterMeadows19973-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041-17">[17]</a> Excavations in the area had taken place for years on behalf of various <a href="/wiki/Construction_aggregate" title="Construction aggregate">aggregate</a> companies before the land was exploited for gravel, and had uncovered an extensive network of <a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age</a> and Roman farms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996-18">[18]</a> The evidence for post-Roman habitation, however, had been limited to two fragments of a brooch, and two separate collections of pottery, when metal detector surveying discovered a copper alloy <a href="/wiki/Hanging_bowl" title="Hanging bowl">hanging bowl</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Millefiori" title="Millefiori">millefiori</a>-decorated mount in what turned out to be a grave.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997391–392-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041–2-20">[20]</a> The hanging bowl was detected by Steve Critchley, working alongside the archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Ian_Meadows_(archaeologist)" title="Ian Meadows (archaeologist)">Ian Meadows</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041–2-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200638-21">[21]</a> Meadows immediately recognised the bowl for what it was, and began an excavation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041–2-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200638-21">[21]</a> The grave was in the shape of an elongated oval 2.8 m (9.2 ft) long and 1.3 m (4.3 ft) wide, and may have originally been a <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumulus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997191,_193-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042-23">[23]</a> It was only 8 m (26 ft) from a main contemporary roadway and was likely intended to have been seen by those passing by.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200418-24">[24]</a> Owing to ensuing years of cultivation and ploughing of the fields, the grave was only 15 cm (0.5 ft) deep when excavated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042-23">[23]</a> Various artefacts were therefore damaged, and any originally placed higher in the grave, such as a shield or spearheads, may have been completely destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042,_16-25">[25]</a> The grave was excavated with brushes and wooden tools, revealing a number of bone fragments, including part of a skull;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042–3-26">[26]</a> these were used to suggest that the body was that of a man seventeen to twenty-five years old,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20044–5-27">[27]</a> laid in a supine position with his head on a pillow and knees slightly raised.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042–3-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997191-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997392-29">[29]</a> Also found were three iron buckles, a small iron knife, a small copper alloy hook,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042–3-26">[26]</a> and a series of iron rods of unknown function.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20046,_9-15">[15]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Pattern_welded" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattern welded">pattern welded</a> sword was also found,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20047-30">[30]</a> and together with the hanging bowl and helmet, marks the grave as one for a person of high social status.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200416-31">[31]</a> The helmet lay next to where the left hip of the body would have rested.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20043,_11-32">[32]</a> It was on its sinister side, with almost the entirety of the dexter side lost through ploughing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20043-33">[33]</a> Prior to its deposition the nasal had been bent inwards, fracturing the metal, perhaps in a "ritual killing" of the object;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411–12,_25-34">[34]</a> a custom known to many cultures, including Anglo-Saxons and <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>, the practice involves the deliberate breaking of objects before burial for reasons ranging from the releasing of an object's spirit, to the deterrence of grave robbing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrinsell1961476–478,_488–489-35">[35]</a> When found it was at first thought to be a bucket.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200638-21">[21]</a> Archaeologists covered it in <a href="/wiki/Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">cling film</a>, then wrapped it in <a href="/wiki/Plaster_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaster of Paris">plaster of Paris</a> bandages and raised it in a soil block.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200638-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042-23">[23]</a> This was taken to the conservation laboratory at the <a href="/wiki/Newarke_Houses_Museum" title="Newarke Houses Museum">Newarke Houses Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, where it was analysed, and later conserved, by Anthony "Rolly" Read.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997394-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424–27-37">[37]</a> The plaster-covered soil block was first x-rayed, revealing the boar-crested helmet within.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200638-21">[21]</a> The remaining half of the helmet was broken into many pieces—between 100 and 200 overall—including some which were deposited within the helmet itself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200639-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424–25-39">[39]</a> These fragments were reassembled using the <a href="/wiki/Cellulose_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellulose nitrate">cellulose nitrate</a> adhesive <a href="/wiki/HMG_Heat_and_Waterproof_Adhesive" title="HMG Heat and Waterproof Adhesive">HMG</a>; the surviving cheek guard, alone, was reassembled from eighteen fragments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424–25-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200639–40-40">[40]</a> The helmet was then dried out and taken to the <a href="/wiki/Leicester_General_Hospital" title="Leicester General Hospital">Leicester General Hospital</a>, where it was subjected to digital x-rays and <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200640-9">[9]</a> Using this information it was then cleaned, and samples of organic materials—principally textiles and leather, perhaps from the helmet's lining, as well as possible feathers on the brow band—were taken.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200425–26-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200640–41-42">[42]</a> It was then reassembled into seven larger parts, cleaned again, and finally reconstructed into one piece.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200426-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200641–42-44">[44]</a> Missing sections within the remaining half were then filled in and painted, and in the last step, the boar was affixed to the apex using <a href="/wiki/Epoxy" title="Epoxy">epoxy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200427-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200642-46">[46]</a> Newspapers as far away as <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> published accounts of the discovery in April,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997391-47">[47]</a> hailing it as "the find of the decade".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrwin1997-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond1997-49">[49]</a> The helmet was placed on public display on 23 December 1997.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioneer_News1997-50">[50]</a> The Wollaston burial was on private land owned by Peter Gammidge and John Minney,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997395-51">[51]</a> and the helmet is now owned by Gammidge and the family of the late Minney.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042-23">[23]</a> It was termed the "Pioneer Helmet" after Pioneer Aggregates UK Ltd (now owned by <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Materials_UK" title="Heidelberg Materials UK">Heidelberg Materials UK</a>),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECompanies_House-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041-17">[17]</a> who fully funded the conservation, and who had over time spent more than £400,000 funding archaeology in the area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200640-9">[9]</a> The helmet was displayed until March 1998 at the <a href="/wiki/New_Walk_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="New Walk Museum">New Walk Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, the site of its unveiling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioneer_News1997-50">[50]</a> Currently it is on display at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries_Museum" title="Royal Armouries Museum">Royal Armouries Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typology">Typology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Typology">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet#Helmets" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet § Helmets</a></div> The Pioneer Helmet is dated to the late seventh century on the basis of the style of belt buckles found in the grave,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997193-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–19975–6-54">[54]</a> which were current around 675.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997–19984-55">[55]</a> This suggests a <a href="/wiki/Terminus_post_quem" title="Terminus post quem">terminus post quem</a> (earliest possible date) for the burial,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997193-53">[53]</a> although not necessarily the helmet's exact date of manufacture or deposition. It is of Anglo-Saxon origin, one of only six such helmets known along with those from <a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coppergate_Helmet" title="Coppergate Helmet">York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shorwell_helmet" title="Shorwell helmet">Shorwell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_helmet" title="Staffordshire helmet">Staffordshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButterworthFregniFullerGreaves201641_n.27-56">[56]</a> Like these examples—with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> Shorwell helmet—the Pioneer Helmet is broadly classed as one of the "crested helmets" known in Northern Europe in the sixth through eleventh centuries AD.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteuer1987199–203,_230–231-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921083,_1086-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoodAgerWilliamsHarrington201292-59">[59]</a> These are each characterised by a rounded cap and usually a prominent nose-to-nape crest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921083-60">[60]</a> Except for an outlier fragment found in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921083,_1086,_1125-61">[61]</a> all crested helmets originate from England or Scandinavia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteuer1987199–200-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921086–1087-63">[63]</a> and are distinct from the continental <a href="/wiki/Spangenhelm" title="Spangenhelm">spangenhelm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lamellenhelm" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamellenhelm">lamellenhelm</a> from the same period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteuer1987190–198,_227–230-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921082–1085,_1087-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iconography">Iconography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Iconography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Locha(js).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photograph of a Central European boar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Locha%28js%29.jpg/220px-Locha%28js%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Locha%28js%29.jpg/330px-Locha%28js%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Locha%28js%29.jpg/440px-Locha%28js%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Central_European_boar" title="Central European boar">Central European boar</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Germanic_boar_helmet" title="Germanic boar helmet">Germanic boar helmet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange helmet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guilden_Morden_boar" title="Guilden Morden boar">Guilden Morden boar</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">boar</a> was an important symbol in prehistoric Europe, where, according to the archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Foster" title="Jennifer Foster">Jennifer Foster</a>, it was "venerated, eulogised, hunted and eaten ... for millennia, until its virtual extinction in recent historical time."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b1-66">[66]</a> Anglo-Saxon boar symbols follow a thousand years of similar iconography, coming after <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène</a> examples in the fourth century BC, <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a> specimens three centuries later, and Roman boars in the fourth century AD.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200878-67">[67]</a> They likely represent a fused tradition of European and Mediterranean cultures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200882-68">[68]</a> The boar is said to have been sacred to a <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">mother goddess</a> figure among linguistically Celtic communities in <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_Europe" title="Iron Age Europe">Iron Age Europe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5-69">[69]</a> while the Roman historian <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, writing around the first century AD, suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Baltic</a> <a href="/wiki/Aesti" title="Aesti">Aesti</a> wore boar symbols in battle to invoke her protection.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETacitus186831-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETacitus188625-71">[71]</a> Boar-crested helmets are depicted on the turn-of-the-millennium <a href="/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron" title="Gundestrup cauldron">Gundestrup cauldron</a>, discovered in Denmark, and on a <a href="/wiki/Torslunda_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Torslunda plate">Torslunda plate</a> from Sweden, made some 500 years later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5-69">[69]</a> Though the Romans also included the boar in their stable of symbols—four <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">legions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200878-67">[67]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Legio_XX_Valeria_Victrix" title="Legio XX Valeria Victrix">twentieth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b15,_19,_26-72">[72]</a> adopted it as their emblem—it was only one among many.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5-69">[69]</a> The boar persisted in continental <a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Germanic tradition</a> during the nearly 400 years of <a href="/wiki/Roman_rule_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman rule in Britain">Roman rule in Britain</a>, such as in association with the Scandinavian gods <a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200880-74">[74]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200886-75">[75]</a> Its return to prominence in the Anglo-Saxon period, as represented by the boars from Benty Grange, Wollaston, Guilden Morden, and <a href="/wiki/Horncastle_boar%27s_head" title="Horncastle boar's head">Horncastle</a>, may therefore suggest the post-Roman reintroduction of a Germanic tradition from Europe, rather than the continuation of a tradition in Britain through 400 years of Roman rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27-73">[73]</a> Whatever its precise symbolism, the Anglo-Saxon boar appears to have been associated with protection; the Beowulf poet makes this clear, writing that boar symbols on helmets kept watch over the warriors wearing them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–306-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boar-crests_in_Beowulf">Boar-crests in Beowulf</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Boar-crests in Beowulf">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benty_grange_helm_crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photograph of the Benty Grange helmet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Benty_grange_helm_crop.png/220px-Benty_grange_helm_crop.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Benty_grange_helm_crop.png/330px-Benty_grange_helm_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Benty_grange_helm_crop.png/440px-Benty_grange_helm_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="1517" data-file-height="1389" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange helmet</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet#Beowulf" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet § Beowulf</a></div> The boar-crested Pioneer Helmet recalls the Anglo-Saxon poem <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200416-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebsterMeadows19973–4-78">[78]</a> in which helmets with boar imagery are referenced five times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–306,_1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328,_1448–1454-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatto1957a155–156-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake198080-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBateman186133-82">[82]</a> In three cases<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328-83">[83]</a> they appear to feature freestanding boars atop the helmets,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354-85">[85]</a> like the Wollaston example.<a href="#cite_note-92">[note 1]</a> Such is the case after <a href="/wiki/Grendel" title="Grendel">Grendel</a> is defeated, when a minstrel entertains <a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(hero)" title="Beowulf (hero)">Beowulf</a> and his men with the story of the <a href="/wiki/Finnsburh_Fragment" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnsburh Fragment">Fight at Finnsburh</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Hn%C3%A6f" title="Hnæf">Hnæf</a>, king of the Danes, died.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECramp195763-93">[92]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> Ad wæs geæfned, ond icge gold ahæfen of horde. Here-Scyldinga betst beadorinca wæs on bæl gearu. Æt þæm ade wæs eþgesyne swatfah syrce, swyn ealgylden, eofer irenheard, æþeling manig wundum awyrded; sume on wæle crungon! Het ða Hildeburh æt Hnæfes ade hire selfre sunu sweoloðe befæstan, banfatu bærnan, ond on bæl don eame on eaxle. Ides gnornode, geomrode giddum. Guðrinc astah. Wand to wolcnum wælfyra mæst, hlynode for hlawe; hafelan multon, bengeato burston, ðonne blod ætspranc, laðbite lices. Lig ealle forswealg, gæsta gifrost, þara ðe þær guð fornam bega folces; wæs hira blæd scacen. </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> A funeral pyre was then prepared, effulgent gold brought out from the hoard. The pride and prince of the Shieldings lay awaiting the flame. Everywhere there were blood-plastered coats of mail. The pyre was heaped with boar-shaped helmets forged in gold, with the gashed corpses of well-born Danes — many had fallen. The Hildeburh ordered her own son's body be burnt with Hnæf's, the flesh on his bones to sputter and blaze beside his uncle's. The woman wailed and sang keens, the warrior went up. Carcass flame swirled and fumed, they stood round the burial mound and howled as heads melted, crusted gashes spattered and ran bloody matter. The glutton element flamed and consumed the dead of both sides. Their great days were gone. </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-left:1.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> text<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Beowulf''ll._1107–1124-94">[93]</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left">—English Translation<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200075–79-95">[94]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In another case, <a href="/wiki/Hrothgar" title="Hrothgar">Hrothgar</a> laments the death of <a href="/wiki/%C3%86schere" title="Æschere">Æschere</a>, "my right-hand man when the ranks clashed and our boar-crests had to take a battering in the line of action"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200093-96">[95]</a> (eaxlgestealla, ðonne we on orlege hafelan weredon, þonne hniton feþan, eoferas cnysedan<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._1326–1328-97">[96]</a>). Both instances likely refer to crests such as those on the Benty Grange and Pioneer Helmet,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123-89">[89]</a> or to the one found in Guilden Morden.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977a167-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200878–79-99">[98]</a> These three boars forge a link between the legendary warrior hero of poetry and reality, with each shedding light on the other.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200878–79-99">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> In the other two instances boars are referred to in the plural,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–306,_1448–1454-86">[86]</a> such as when Beowulf and his men leave their ship as "[b]oar-shapes flashed above their cheek-guards"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200021–23-87">[87]</a> (eoforlic scionon ofer hleorbergan<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–304-88">[88]</a>). These references were perhaps made with the intention of recalling boars like those on the eyebrows of the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972122-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974200-91">[91]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200077-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeaney200077_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeaney2000">Heaney 2000</a>, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200425-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200425_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200639-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200639_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200639_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRead2006">Read 2006</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997192–193-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997192–193_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1996–1997">Meadows 1996–1997</a>, pp. 192–193. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049_5-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049,_11-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049,_11_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049,_11_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 9, 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049–10-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049–10_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 9–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411_8-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200640-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200640_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200640_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200640_9-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFRead2006">Read 2006</a>, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200410-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200410_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200410_10-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200410–11-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200410–11_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 10–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraceni1997-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaraceni1997_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSaraceni1997">Saraceni 1997</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049,_25-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20049,_25_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 9, 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows199838-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows199838_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1998">Meadows 1998</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20046,_9-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20046,_9_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20046,_9_15-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 6, 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebsterMeadows19973-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebsterMeadows19973_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWebsterMeadows1997">Webster & Meadows 1997</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041_17-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1996">Meadows 1996</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997391–392-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997391–392_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1997">Meadows 1997</a>, pp. 391–392. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041–2-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041–2_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041–2_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20041–2_20-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200638-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200638_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200638_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200638_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200638_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200638_21-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFRead2006">Read 2006</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997191,_193-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997191,_193_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1996–1997">Meadows 1996–1997</a>, pp. 191, 193. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042_23-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200418-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200418_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042,_16-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042,_16_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 2, 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042–3-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042–3_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042–3_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20042–3_26-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20044–5-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20044–5_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 4–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997191-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997191_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1996–1997">Meadows 1996–1997</a>, p. 191. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997392-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997392_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1997">Meadows 1997</a>, p. 392. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20047-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20047_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200416-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200416_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200416_31-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20043,_11-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20043,_11_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 3, 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows20043-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows20043_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411–12,_25-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200411–12,_25_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 11–12, 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrinsell1961476–478,_488–489-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrinsell1961476–478,_488–489_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrinsell1961">Grinsell 1961</a>, pp. 476–478, 488–489. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997394-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997394_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1997">Meadows 1997</a>, p. 394. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424–27-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424–27_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 24–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424–25-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424–25_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200424–25_39-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200639–40-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200639–40_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRead2006">Read 2006</a>, pp. 39–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200425–26-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200425–26_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, pp. 25–26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200640–41-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200640–41_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRead2006">Read 2006</a>, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200426-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200426_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200641–42-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200641–42_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRead2006">Read 2006</a>, pp. 41–42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows200427-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows200427_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows2004">Meadows 2004</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERead200642-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead200642_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRead2006">Read 2006</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997391-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997391_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1997">Meadows 1997</a>, p. 391. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrwin1997-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrwin1997_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIrwin1997">Irwin 1997</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond1997-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond1997_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHammond1997">Hammond 1997</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioneer_News1997-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPioneer_News1997_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPioneer_News1997_50-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPioneer_News1997">Pioneer News 1997</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997395-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997395_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1997">Meadows 1997</a>, p. 395. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECompanies_House-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECompanies_House_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCompanies_House">Companies House</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997193-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997193_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–1997193_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1996–1997">Meadows 1996–1997</a>, p. 193. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–19975–6-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1996–19975–6_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1996–1997">Meadows 1996–1997</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997–19984-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeadows1997–19984_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeadows1997–1998">Meadows 1997–1998</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButterworthFregniFullerGreaves201641_n.27-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButterworthFregniFullerGreaves201641_n.27_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFButterworthFregniFullerGreaves2016">Butterworth et al. 2016</a>, p. 41 n.27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteuer1987199–203,_230–231-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteuer1987199–203,_230–231_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSteuer1987">Steuer 1987</a>, pp. 199–203, 230–231. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921083,_1086-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETweddle19921083,_1086_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTweddle1992">Tweddle 1992</a>, pp. 1083, 1086. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoodAgerWilliamsHarrington201292-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoodAgerWilliamsHarrington201292_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoodAgerWilliamsHarrington2012">Hood et al. 2012</a>, p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921083-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETweddle19921083_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTweddle1992">Tweddle 1992</a>, p. 1083. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921083,_1086,_1125-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETweddle19921083,_1086,_1125_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTweddle1992">Tweddle 1992</a>, pp. 1083, 1086, 1125. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteuer1987199–200-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteuer1987199–200_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSteuer1987">Steuer 1987</a>, pp. 199–200. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921086–1087-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETweddle19921086–1087_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTweddle1992">Tweddle 1992</a>, pp. 1086–1087. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteuer1987190–198,_227–230-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteuer1987190–198,_227–230_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSteuer1987">Steuer 1987</a>, pp. 190–198, 227–230. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETweddle19921082–1085,_1087-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETweddle19921082–1085,_1087_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTweddle1992">Tweddle 1992</a>, pp. 1082–1085, 1087. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b1-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b1_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFoster1977b">Foster 1977b</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200878-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200878_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200878_67-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank2008">Frank 2008</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200882-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200882_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank2008">Frank 2008</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5_69-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFFoster1977b">Foster 1977b</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETacitus186831-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETacitus186831_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTacitus1868">Tacitus 1868</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETacitus188625-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETacitus188625_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTacitus1886">Tacitus 1886</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b15,_19,_26-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b15,_19,_26_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFoster1977b">Foster 1977b</a>, pp. 15, 19, 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27_73-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFoster1977b">Foster 1977b</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200880-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200880_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank2008">Frank 2008</a>, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200886-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200886_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank2008">Frank 2008</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–306-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–306_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeowulf">Beowulf</a>, ll. 303–306. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124_77-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChaney1970">Chaney 1970</a>, pp. 123–124. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebsterMeadows19973–4-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebsterMeadows19973–4_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWebsterMeadows1997">Webster & Meadows 1997</a>, pp. 3–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–306,_1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328,_1448–1454-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–306,_1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328,_1448–1454_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeowulf">Beowulf</a>, ll. 303–306, 1110–1112, 1286, 1327–1328, 1448–1454. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatto1957a155–156-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatto1957a155–156_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHatto1957a">Hatto 1957a</a>, pp. 155–156. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake198080-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake198080_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpeake1980">Speake 1980</a>, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBateman186133-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBateman186133_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBateman1861">Bateman 1861</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeowulf">Beowulf</a>, ll. 1110–1112, 1286, 1327–1328. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63_84-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63_84-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCramp1957">Cramp 1957</a>, pp. 62–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354_85-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavidson1968">Davidson 1968</a>, p. 354. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–306,_1448–1454-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–306,_1448–1454_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeowulf">Beowulf</a>, ll. 303–306, 1448–1454. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200021–23-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeaney200021–23_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeaney2000">Heaney 2000</a>, pp. 21–23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–304-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._303–304_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeowulf">Beowulf</a>, ll. 303–304. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123_89-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChaney1970">Chaney 1970</a>, p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972122-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972122_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1972">Bruce-Mitford 1972</a>, p. 122. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974200-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974200_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974">Bruce-Mitford 1974</a>, p. 200. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECramp195763-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECramp195763_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCramp1957">Cramp 1957</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Beowulf''ll._1107–1124-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Beowulf''ll._1107–1124_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeowulf">Beowulf</a>, ll. 1107–1124. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200075–79-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeaney200075–79_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeaney2000">Heaney 2000</a>, pp. 75–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200093-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeaney200093_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeaney2000">Heaney 2000</a>, p. 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._1326–1328-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeowulfll._1326–1328_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeowulf">Beowulf</a>, ll. 1326–1328. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977a167-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977a167_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFoster1977a">Foster 1977a</a>, p. 167. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200878–79-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200878–79_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200878–79_99-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank2008">Frank 2008</a>, pp. 78–79. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPioneer_News1997" class="citation news cs1">"Anglo-Saxon Helmet Restored". Pioneer News. No. 29. December 1997. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pioneer+News&rft.atitle=Anglo-Saxon+Helmet+Restored&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1997-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBateman1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bateman_(antiquary)" title="Thomas Bateman (antiquary)">Bateman, Thomas</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oopBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA28">Ten Years' Digging in Celtic and Saxon Grave Hills, in the Counties of Derby, Stafford, and York, from 1848 to 1858; with Notices of some Former Discoveries, Hitherto Unpublished, and Remarks on the Crania and Pottery from the Mounds</a>. London: John Russell Smith. pp. 28–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ten+Years%27+Digging+in+Celtic+and+Saxon+Grave+Hills%2C+in+the+Counties+of+Derby%2C+Stafford%2C+and+York%2C+from+1848+to+1858%3B+with+Notices+of+some+Former+Discoveries%2C+Hitherto+Unpublished%2C+and+Remarks+on+the+Crania+and+Pottery+from+the+Mounds&rft.place=London&rft.pages=28-33&rft.pub=John+Russell+Smith&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Bateman&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoopBAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeowulf" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a>. n.d.</cite></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Old English quotations above use the Klaeber text, published as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Klaeber" title="Frederick Klaeber">Klaeber, Friedrich</a> (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zcw6AAAAMAAJ">Beowulf and The Fight at Finnsburg</a>. Boston: D.C. Heath & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beowulf+and+The+Fight+at+Finnsburg&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=D.C.+Heath+%26+Company&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Klaeber&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzcw6AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1972" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rumpert</a> (Autumn 1972). 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British Museum: 120–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4423116">10.2307/4423116</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4423116">4423116</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Helmet%3A+A+New+Reconstruction&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=XXXVI&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=120-130&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4423116&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4423116%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rumpert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aspectsofanglosa0000bruc">Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology: Sutton Hoo and Other Discoveries</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Gollancz_Ltd" title="Victor Gollancz Ltd">Victor Gollancz Limited</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-575-01704-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-575-01704-X"><bdi>0-575-01704-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Anglo-Saxon+Archaeology%3A+Sutton+Hoo+and+Other+Discoveries&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Victor+Gollancz+Limited&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-575-01704-X&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faspectsofanglosa0000bruc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButterworthFregniFullerGreaves2016" class="citation journal cs1">Butterworth, Jenni; Fregni, Giovanna; Fuller, Kayleigh & Greaves, Pieta (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19455224.2016.1155071">"The Importance of Multidisciplinary Work Within Archaeological Conservation Projects: Assembly of the Staffordshire Hoard Die-Impressed Sheets"</a>. Journal of the Institute of Conservation. 39 (1). <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Conservation" title="Institute of Conservation">Institute of Conservation</a>: 29–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19455224.2016.1155071">10.1080/19455224.2016.1155071</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Institute+of+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+Multidisciplinary+Work+Within+Archaeological+Conservation+Projects%3A+Assembly+of+the+Staffordshire+Hoard+Die-Impressed+Sheets&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-43&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19455224.2016.1155071&rft.aulast=Butterworth&rft.aufirst=Jenni&rft.au=Fregni%2C+Giovanna&rft.au=Fuller%2C+Kayleigh&rft.au=Greaves%2C+Pieta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F19455224.2016.1155071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaney1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Chaney" title="William Chaney">Chaney, William A.</a> (1970). The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-01401-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-01401-4"><bdi>0-520-01401-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cult+of+Kingship+in+Anglo-Saxon+England%3A+The+Transition+from+Paganism+to+Christianity&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-520-01401-4&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCramp1957" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Cramp" title="Rosemary Cramp">Cramp, Rosemary J.</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-769-1/dissemination/pdf/vol01/1_057_077.pdf">"Beowulf and Archaeology"</a> (PDF). 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Medieval Archaeology. XXI. Society for Medieval Archaeology: 166–167. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1000320">10.5284/1000320</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Notes+and+News%3A+A+Boar+Figurine+from+Guilden+Morden%2C+Cambs.&rft.volume=XXI&rft.pages=166-167&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5284%2F1000320&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchaeologydataservice.ac.uk%2FarchiveDS%2FarchiveDownload%3Ft%3Darch-769-1%2Fdissemination%2Fpdf%2Fvol21%2F21_166_167.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a> <ul><li>Images on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-769-1/dissemination/pdf/vol21/21_001_022_plates.pdf">plate XIV</a></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1977b" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Foster" title="Jennifer Foster">Foster, Jennifer</a> (1977b). 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London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germania&rft.btitle=The+Agricola+and+Germania+of+Tacitus%3A+With+a+Revised+Text%2C+English+Notes%2C+and+Maps&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1886&rft.au=Tacitus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVqwBAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTweddle1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tweddle" title="Dominic Tweddle">Tweddle, Dominic</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collections.yorkarchaeologicaltrust.co.uk/s/publications/item/74497">The Anglian Helmet from 16–22 Coppergate</a>. The Archaeology of York. Vol. 17/8. London: Council for British Archaeology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872414-19-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-872414-19-2"><bdi>1-872414-19-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240321135711/https://www.collections.yorkarchaeologicaltrust.co.uk/s/publications/item/74497">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglian+Helmet+from+16%E2%80%9322+Coppergate&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+Archaeology+of+York&rft.pub=Council+for+British+Archaeology&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=1-872414-19-2&rft.aulast=Tweddle&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collections.yorkarchaeologicaltrust.co.uk%2Fs%2Fpublications%2Fitem%2F74497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebsterMeadows1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Webster_(art_historian)" title="Leslie Webster (art historian)">Webster, Leslie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ian_Meadows_(archaeologist)" title="Ian Meadows (archaeologist)">Meadows, Ian</a> (July–August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minervamagazine.co.uk/archive_pdfs/1997_Vol_8_04.pdf">"Discovery of Anglo-Saxon Helmet with Boar Crest"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Minerva_(archaeology_journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerva (archaeology journal)">Minerva</a>. 8 (4). Jerome M. Eisenberg: 3–5. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0957-7718">0957-7718</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minerva&rft.atitle=Discovery+of+Anglo-Saxon+Helmet+with+Boar+Crest&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3-5&rft.date=1997-07%2F1997-08&rft.issn=0957-7718&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.au=Meadows%2C+Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminervamagazine.co.uk%2Farchive_pdfs%2F1997_Vol_8_04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Helmet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsMeadows2019" class="citation journal cs1">Atkins, Rob & Meadows, Ian (September 2019). "Who Wore the Wollaston Helmet?". Current Archaeology. XXX (354). Current Publishing: 28–35. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0011-3212">0011-3212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Who+Wore+the+Wollaston+Helmet%3F&rft.volume=XXX&rft.issue=354&rft.pages=28-35&rft.date=2019-09&rft.issn=0011-3212&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft.au=Meadows%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APioneer+Helmet" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Helmets" title="Template talk:Helmets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Helmets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Helmets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Helmets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual historical helmets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_of_Agighiol" title="Helmet of Agighiol">Agighiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agris_Helmet" title="Agris Helmet">Agris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broe_helmet" title="Broe helmet">Broe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_helmet" title="Canterbury helmet">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania#Helmet_of_Ciumeşti" title="Celts in Transylvania">Ciumeşti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppergate_Helmet" title="Coppergate Helmet">Coppergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_of_Co%C8%9Bofene%C8%99ti" title="Helmet of Coțofenești">Coțofenești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Sallet" title="Coventry Sallet">Coventry Sallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby_Garrett_Helmet" title="Crosby Garrett Helmet">Crosby Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emesa_helmet" title="Emesa helmet">Emesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevninge_helmet_fragment" title="Gevninge helmet fragment">Gevninge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjermundbu_helmet" title="Gjermundbu helmet">Gjermundbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilden_Morden_boar" title="Guilden Morden boar">Guilden Morden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guisborough_Helmet" title="Guisborough Helmet">Guisborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallaton_Helmet" title="Hallaton Helmet">Hallaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellvi_helmet_eyebrow" title="Hellvi helmet eyebrow">Hellvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_helmet_of_Henry_VIII" title="Horned helmet of Henry VIII">Henry VIII's Horned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horncastle_boar%27s_head" title="Horncastle boar's head">Horncastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_of_Iron_Gates" title="Helmet of Iron Gates">Iron Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokrume_helmet_fragment" title="Lokrume helmet fragment">Lokrume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyrick_Helmet" title="Meyrick Helmet">Meyrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemiya_Helmet" title="Nemiya Helmet">Nemiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newstead_Helmet" title="Newstead Helmet">Newstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijmegen_Helmet" title="Nijmegen Helmet">Nijmegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_of_Peretu" title="Helmet of Peretu">Peretu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribchester_Helmet" title="Ribchester Helmet">Ribchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorwell_helmet" title="Shorwell helmet">Shorwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_helmet" title="Staffordshire helmet">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjele_helmet_fragment" title="Tjele helmet fragment">Tjele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veks%C3%B8_helmets" class="mw-redirect" title="Veksø helmets">Veksø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_the_Magnificent%27s_Venetian_Helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleyman the Magnificent's Venetian Helmet">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Helmet" title="Waterloo Helmet">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witcham_Gravel_helmet" title="Witcham Gravel helmet">Witcham Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarm_helmet" title="Yarm helmet">Yarm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">Combat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attic_helmet" title="Attic helmet">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_tusk_helmet" title="Boar's tusk helmet">Boar's tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotian_helmet" title="Boeotian helmet">Boeotian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcidian_helmet" title="Chalcidian helmet">Chalcidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolus_helmet" title="Coolus helmet">Coolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_helmet" title="Corinthian helmet">Corinthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galea_(helmet)" title="Galea (helmet)">Galea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_type_helmet" title="Illyrian type helmet">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_helmet" title="Imperial helmet">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegelhelm" title="Kegelhelm">Kegelhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konos" title="Konos">Konos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Roman_ridge_helmet" title="Late Roman ridge helmet">Late Roman ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montefortino_helmet" title="Montefortino helmet">Montefortino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negau_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Negau helmet">Negau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_helmet" title="Phrygian helmet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pileus_(hat)" title="Pileus (hat)">Pilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmarjet" title="Shmarjet">Shmarjet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval and Early Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armet" title="Armet">Armet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventail" title="Aventail">Aventail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbute" title="Barbute">Barbute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bascinet" title="Bascinet">Bascinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgonet" title="Burgonet">Burgonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervelliere" title="Cervelliere">Cervelliere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_helmet" title="Close helmet">Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragoon_helmet" title="Dragoon helmet">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_helmet" title="Enclosed helmet">Enclosed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_buffe" title="Falling buffe">Falling buffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog-mouth_helm" title="Frog-mouth helm">Frog-mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_boar_helmet" title="Germanic boar helmet">Germanic boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_helm" title="Great helm">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bascinet#Hounskull" title="Bascinet">Hounskull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingasa">Jingasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuto" title="Kabuto">Kabuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katapu" title="Katapu">Katapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettle_hat" title="Kettle hat">Kettle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulah_khud" title="Kulah khud">Kulah khud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamellenhelm" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamellenhelm">Lamellenhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster-tailed_pot_helmet" title="Lobster-tailed pot helmet">Lobster-tailed pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men-yoroi" title="Men-yoroi">Mempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morion_(helmet)" title="Morion (helmet)">Morion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_helmet" title="Nasal helmet">Nasal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paseki" title="Paseki">Paseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickelhaube" title="Pickelhaube">Pickelhaube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallet" title="Sallet">Sallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secrete_(helmet)" title="Secrete (helmet)">Secrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spangenhelm" title="Spangenhelm">Spangenhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takula_tofao" title="Takula tofao">Takula tofao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban_helmet" title="Turban helmet">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age_arms_and_armour#Helmet" title="Viking Age arms and armour">Viking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragoon_helmet" title="Dragoon helmet">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickelhaube" title="Pickelhaube">Pickelhaube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pith_helmet" title="Pith helmet">Pith helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarleton_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarleton helmet">Tarleton helmet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1914–1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_helmet" title="Adrian helmet">Adrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodie_helmet" title="Brodie helmet">Brodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_M36_helmet" title="Bulgarian M36 helmet">M36 (Bulgaria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakian_M32_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovakian M32 helmet">M32 (Czechoslovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1923_helmet_(Denmark)" title="M1923 helmet (Denmark)">M1923 (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stahlhelm" title="Stahlhelm">Stahlhelm (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_M1934/39_helmet" title="Greek M1934/39 helmet">M1934/39 (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_Steel_Airborne_Troop" title="Helmet Steel Airborne Troop">Helmet Steel Airborne Troop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M33_helmet" title="M33 helmet">M33 (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M42_Duperite_helmet" title="M42 Duperite helmet">M42 Duperite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_helmet" title="M1 helmet">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1C_helmet" title="M1C helmet">M1C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Navy_Mk_II_talker_helmet" title="US Navy Mk II talker helmet">Mk II talker helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_III_helmet" title="Mk III helmet">Mk III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_M34" title="Netherlands M34">Netherlands M34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._31" title="Hełm wz. 31">Hełm wz. 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_M1940_helmet" title="Portuguese M1940 helmet">M1940 (Portugal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAC_helmet" title="RAC helmet">RAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSh-36" title="SSh-36">SSh-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSh-39_and_SSh-40" title="SSh-39 and SSh-40">SSh-39 and SSh-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1921_helmet_(Spain)" title="M1921 helmet (Spain)">M1921 (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1926_helmet_(Spain)" title="M1926 helmet (Spain)">M1926 (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1934_helmet_(Spain)" title="M1934 helmet (Spain)">M1934 (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1942_Modelo_Z" title="M1942 Modelo Z">M1942 Modelo Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSK_90_helmet" title="SSK 90 helmet">SSK 90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1926_helmet_(Sweden)" title="M1926 helmet (Sweden)">M1926 (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1937_helmet_(Sweden)" title="M1937 helmet (Sweden)">M1937 (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Eplattenier_helmet" title="L'Eplattenier helmet">L'Eplattenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_M1918_Helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss M1918 Helmet">M1918 (Switzerland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Uniforms of the Imperial Japanese Army">Type 92 Tetsubo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangtan_Helmet" title="Bangtan Helmet">Bangtan Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CABAL_II" title="CABAL II">CABAL II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Vz._53_Helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet">Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GK80" title="GK80">GK80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_M70" title="Hungarian M70">Hungarian M70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_M73_helmet" title="Romanian M73 helmet">Romanian M73 helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C2%BA_44_E.T.A._de_Paracaidista" class="mw-redirect" title="Mº 44 E.T.A. de Paracaidista">Mº 44 E.T.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M59/85" title="M59/85">M59/85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._50" title="Hełm wz. 50">Hełm wz. 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._63" title="Hełm wz. 63">Hełm wz. 63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._67" title="Hełm wz. 67">Hełm wz. 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M63_helmet" title="M63 helmet">M63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M76_paratrooper_helmet" title="M76 paratrooper helmet">M76 Para</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_IV_helmet" title="Mk IV helmet">Mk IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_6_helmet" title="Mk 6 helmet">Mk 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_1951_helmet" title="Modèle 1951 helmet">Modèle 1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_1978_helmet" title="Modèle 1978 helmet">Modèle 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPC-1" title="MPC-1">MPC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OR-201" title="OR-201">OR-201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratrooper_helmet" title="Paratrooper helmet">Paratrooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSh-60" title="SSh-60">SSh-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSh-68" title="SSh-68">SSh-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_M1971_Helmet" title="Swiss M1971 Helmet">Swiss M71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_66_helmet" title="Type 66 helmet">Type 66</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CG634" title="CG634">CG634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefechtshelm_M92" title="Gefechtshelm M92">M92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOLFO" title="GOLFO">GOLFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_M90_helmet" title="Iraqi M90 helmet">M90 (Iraq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JK_96_helmet" title="JK 96 helmet">JK 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M59/85" title="M59/85">M59/85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M87_kevlar_helmet" title="M87 kevlar helmet">M87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_Armor_System_for_Ground_Troops" title="Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops">PASGT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._93" title="Hełm wz. 93">Hełm wz. 93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._2000" title="Hełm wz. 2000">Hełm wz. 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfera_(helmet)" title="Sfera (helmet)">Sfera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPECTRA_helmet" title="SPECTRA helmet">SPECTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6B7_helmet" title="6B7 helmet">6B7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A2_Helmet" title="A2 Helmet">A2 Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Combat_Helmet" title="Advanced Combat Helmet">Advanced Combat Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BK-3_helmet" title="BK-3 helmet">BK-3 helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QGF-03" title="QGF-03">QGF-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Combat_Helmet_(Australia)" title="Enhanced Combat Helmet (Australia)">ECH (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Combat_Helmet_(United_States)" title="Enhanced Combat Helmet (United States)">ECH (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Assault_Shell_Technology_helmet" title="Future Assault Shell Technology helmet">FAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6B47_helmet" title="6B47 helmet">6B47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._2005" title="Hełm wz. 2005">Hełm wz. 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Head_Protection_System" title="Integrated Head Protection System">IHPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH-B2000" title="KH-B2000">KH-B2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Helmet" title="Lightweight Helmet">Lightweight Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_Integrated_Communications_Helmet" title="Modular Integrated Communications Helmet">MICH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_7_helmet" title="Mk 7 helmet">Mk 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Athletic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batting_helmet" title="Batting helmet">Batting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coolflo" title="Coolflo">Coolflo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headgear_(martial_arts)" title="Headgear (martial arts)">Boxing / Martial Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_helmet" title="Bicycle helmet">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_helmet" title="Cricket helmet">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_helmet" title="Equestrian helmet">Equestrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_helmet" title="Football helmet">Gridiron football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyeshield" title="Eyeshield">Eyeshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_helmets" title="Revolution helmets">Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_helmet" title="Hockey helmet">Hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_helmet" title="Lacrosse helmet">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_helmet" title="Motorcycle helmet">Motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_helmet" title="Racing helmet">Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrum_cap" title="Scrum cap">Scrum cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_helmet" title="Ski helmet">Ski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_helmet" title="Custodian helmet">Custodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_helmet" title="Diving helmet">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighter%27s_helmet" title="Firefighter's helmet">Firefighter's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_hat" title="Hard hat">Hard hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_protection_helmet" title="Riot protection helmet">Riot protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welding_helmet" title="Welding helmet">Welding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_helmet" title="Flight helmet">Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_cover" title="Helmet cover">Helmet cover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitznefet_(Israeli_military)" title="Mitznefet (Israeli military)">Mitznefet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">Heraldic use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_helmet" title="Horned helmet">Horned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahiole" title="Mahiole">Mahiole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnhelm" title="Tarnhelm">Tarnhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pith_helmet" title="Pith helmet">Pith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_fiber_helmet" title="American fiber helmet">American fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_helmet" title="Winged helmet">Winged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuckerman_helmet" title="Zuckerman helmet">Zuckerman</a></li></ul> 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