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aria-controls="toc-Generalità-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Generalità </button> <ul id="toc-Generalità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origine,_approdo_in_Giappone_e_accomodamento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origine,_approdo_in_Giappone_e_accomodamento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Origine, approdo in Giappone e accomodamento </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origine,_approdo_in_Giappone_e_accomodamento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numero_di_kanji_e_riforme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numero_di_kanji_e_riforme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Numero di kanji e riforme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numero_di_kanji_e_riforme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paragoni_con_gli_hanja_coreani_e_gli_hán_tự_vietnamiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paragoni_con_gli_hanja_coreani_e_gli_hán_tự_vietnamiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Paragoni con gli hanja coreani e gli hán tự vietnamiti </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paragoni_con_gli_hanja_coreani_e_gli_hán_tự_vietnamiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evoluzione_storica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evoluzione_storica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Evoluzione storica </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evoluzione_storica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Introduzione_e_Periodo_Jomon_(?)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduzione_e_Periodo_Jomon_(?)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Introduzione e Periodo Jomon (?) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduzione_e_Periodo_Jomon_(?)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodo_Yayoi_(?)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_Yayoi_(?)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Periodo Yayoi (?) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_Yayoi_(?)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodo_Kofun_(Proto-giapponese)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_Kofun_(Proto-giapponese)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 Periodo Kofun (Proto-giapponese) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_Kofun_(Proto-giapponese)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodo_Asuka_(Proto-giapponese)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_Asuka_(Proto-giapponese)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4 Periodo Asuka (Proto-giapponese) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_Asuka_(Proto-giapponese)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodo_Nara_(Old_Japanese)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_Nara_(Old_Japanese)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.5 Periodo Nara (Old Japanese) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_Nara_(Old_Japanese)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodo_Heian_(Primo_Giapponese_Medio)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_Heian_(Primo_Giapponese_Medio)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.6 Periodo Heian (Primo Giapponese Medio) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_Heian_(Primo_Giapponese_Medio)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodo_Kamakura_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_Kamakura_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.7 Periodo Kamakura (Tardo Giapponese Medio) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_Kamakura_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodo_Muromachi_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_Muromachi_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.8 Periodo Muromachi (Tardo Giapponese Medio) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_Muromachi_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodo_Azuchi-Momoyama_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_Azuchi-Momoyama_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.9 Periodo Azuchi-Momoyama (Tardo Giapponese Medio) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_Azuchi-Momoyama_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodo_Edo_(Primo_Giapponese_Moderno)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_Edo_(Primo_Giapponese_Moderno)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.10 Periodo Edo (Primo Giapponese Moderno) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_Edo_(Primo_Giapponese_Moderno)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restaurazione_Meiji_(Giapponese_Moderno)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restaurazione_Meiji_(Giapponese_Moderno)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.11 Restaurazione Meiji (Giapponese Moderno) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restaurazione_Meiji_(Giapponese_Moderno)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_kanji_oggi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_kanji_oggi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 I kanji oggi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_kanji_oggi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tavola_dei_kanji_JLPT1-4_con_pronuncia_sino-xenica_e_in_Primo_Cinese_Medio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tavola_dei_kanji_JLPT1-4_con_pronuncia_sino-xenica_e_in_Primo_Cinese_Medio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Tavola dei kanji JLPT1-4 con pronuncia sino-xenica e in Primo Cinese Medio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tavola_dei_kanji_JLPT1-4_con_pronuncia_sino-xenica_e_in_Primo_Cinese_Medio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanji_diffusi_che_possono_comparire_in_totale_isolamento_con_pronuncia_kun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanji_diffusi_che_possono_comparire_in_totale_isolamento_con_pronuncia_kun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Kanji diffusi che possono comparire in totale isolamento con pronuncia kun </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanji_diffusi_che_possono_comparire_in_totale_isolamento_con_pronuncia_kun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Voci correlate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Altri progetti </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Collegamenti esterni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Note </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Mostra/Nascondi l'indice </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kanji</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 92 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" > 92 lingue </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="كانجي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كانجي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D9%89" title="كانچى - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كانچى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="কাঞ্জি - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাঞ্জি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanci" title="Kanci - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kanci" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kand%C5%BE%C4%97" title="Kandžė - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kandžė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Кандзі - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кандзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Канджи - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Канджи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="কাঞ্জি - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাঞ্জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="کانجی - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کانجی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kand%C5%BEi" title="Kandži - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kandži" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="کانجی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%99" title="קאנג'י - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאנג'י" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="कानजी - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कानजी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandzsi" title="Kandzsi - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kandzsi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="日本における漢字 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本における漢字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huruf_Kanji" title="Huruf Kanji - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Huruf Kanji" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B7" title="កាន់ជិ - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាន់ជិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90" title="일본어 한자 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본어 한자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - giudeo-spagnolo" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="giudeo-spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canji" title="Canji - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Canji" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - ladino" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4" title="ຄັນຈິ - lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄັນຈິ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kand%C5%BEi" title="Kandži - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kandži" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kand%C5%BEi" title="Kandži - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kandži" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B8" title="Канџи - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Канџи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="കാഞ്ജി - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാഞ്ജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Kanji" title="Tulisan Kanji - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulisan Kanji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ခန်းဂျီး - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခန်းဂျီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_(%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%B7)" title="کانجی (جاپونی خط) - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کانجی (جاپونی خط)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80)" title="ਕਾਂਜੀ (ਲਿਪੀ) - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਂਜੀ (ਲਿਪੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_(%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C)" title="کانجی (لپی) - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کانجی (لپی)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Кандзи - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кандзи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92" title="කන්ජි - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කන්ජි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kand%C5%BEi" title="Kandži - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kandži" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kand%C5%BEi" title="Kandži - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kandži" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B8" title="Канџи - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Канџи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81)" title="காஞ்சி (எழுத்து) - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காஞ்சி (எழுத்து)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4" title="คันจิ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คันจิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Кандзі - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кандзі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="کانجی - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کانجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kanji" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本汉字" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%99" title="קאנדזשי - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאנדזשי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日本汉字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <a href="/wiki/Kanji_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kanji (disambigua)">Kanji (disambigua)</a>.</div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book_magnify.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nessuna nota a piè di pagina"><img alt="Nessuna nota a piè di pagina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Question_book_magnify.svg/60px-Question_book_magnify.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Question_book_magnify.svg/68px-Question_book_magnify.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Question_book_magnify.svg/90px-Question_book_magnify.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div">Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento linguistica è priva o carente di <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">note</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Uso_delle_fonti#Citazioni_nel_testo_.28citazioni_interne.29_e_alla_fine" title="Aiuto:Uso delle fonti">riferimenti bibliografici puntuali</a>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Sebbene vi siano una <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Bibliografia" title="Aiuto:Bibliografia">bibliografia</a> e/o dei <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Collegamenti_esterni" title="Wikipedia:Collegamenti esterni">collegamenti esterni</a>, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Note" title="Aiuto:Note">note a piè di pagina</a> o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">citando le fonti</a> più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Linguistica" title="Progetto:Linguistica">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="noprint" style="width: 12.5em; border: 1px solid #666; text-align: left; float: right; clear: right; margin: 5px 5px 5px 1em; background: white; font-size:small;"><div style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #666;padding: .5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9B%B8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sistema di scrittura giapponese"><img alt="Sistema di scrittura giapponese" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/100px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/150px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/200px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sistema_di_scrittura_giapponese" title="Sistema di scrittura giapponese">Scrittura giapponese</a></div><div style="padding: .5em;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kanji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">Kyūjitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">Shinjitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryakuji" title="Ryakuji">Ryakuji</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%8Dryakugana" title="Gōryakugana">Gōryakugana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogana" title="Sogana">Sogana</a></li></ul> Utilizzato nel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">Okurigana</a></li></ul> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Braille_giapponese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braille giapponese (la pagina non esiste)">Braille</a> <a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dmaji" title="Rōmaji">Rōmaji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Hepburn" title="Sistema Hepburn">Hepburn</a> (uso comune)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Kunrei" title="Sistema Kunrei">Kunrei</a> (ISO 3602)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon-shiki" title="Nihon-shiki">Nihon</a> (ISO 3602 traslitt.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_JSL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema JSL (la pagina non esiste)">JSL</a> (traslitterazione)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wāpuro rōmaji (la pagina non esiste)">Wāpuro</a> (tastiera)</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Ateji" title="Ateji">Ateji</a> <a href="/wiki/Punteggiatura_giapponese" title="Punteggiatura giapponese">Punteggiatura</a> <div align="center"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scritturagiapponese" title="Template:Scritturagiapponese">V</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Scritturagiapponese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Scritturagiapponese (la pagina non esiste)">D</a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Scritturagiapponese&action=edit">M</a></div></div></div></div> I kanji (漢字<a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Giapponese" title="Aiuto:Giapponese">?</a>, kanji, "caratteri <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Han" title="Dinastia Han">han</a>", cioè "caratteri cinesi" o sinogrammi) sono i caratteri di origine cinese usati nella scrittura <a href="/wiki/Lingua_giapponese" title="Lingua giapponese">giapponese</a> in congiunzione con i sillabari <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> e <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>. I kanji sono parole monosillabiche, le più vecchie delle quali, risalgono al XIV-XI secolo a.C. Dalla Cina si propagarono in tutta la zona culturale che comprende il Giappone, la Corea e il Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> Si ritiene che in Giappone arrivarono nel I secolo d.C. e si diffusero in seguito con l'introduzione del <a href="/wiki/Buddismo" title="Buddismo">buddismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo">taoismo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Confucianesimo" title="Confucianesimo">confucianesimo</a>. Inizialmente i giapponesi usarono la lettura cinese (pronuncia <a href="/wiki/On%27yomi" title="On'yomi">on</a>) ma in seguito vi sovrapposero come lettura il termine giapponese di significato corrispondente all'ideogramma cinese (pronuncia <a href="/wiki/Kun%27yomi" title="Kun'yomi">kun</a>). In Giappone un solo ideogramma può avere così due o più pronunce.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> I kanji sono suddivisi in sei categorie, di cui circa il 90 per cento appartiene alia categoria “keisei” (ideogrammi formati da un elemento fonetico e da un elemento semantico). In seguito i giapponesi stessi, seguendo il sistema keisei, hanno creato nuovi ideogrammi chiamati “kokiuji” (ideogrammi nazionali). Ci sono più di 50.000 kanji dei quali 2.000 sono i fondamentali.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Generalità">Generalità</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Generalità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Generalità">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origine,_approdo_in_Giappone_e_accomodamento">Origine, approdo in Giappone e accomodamento</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Origine, approdo in Giappone e accomodamento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Origine, approdo in Giappone e accomodamento">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanji_symbols.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Kanji_symbols.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="187" /></a><figcaption>la parola "kanji" scritta in sinogrammi e con andamento verticale</figcaption></figure> I <a href="/wiki/Caratteri_cinesi" title="Caratteri cinesi">sinogrammi</a> (in caratteri semplificati 汉字) sono nati nella <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a> antica e, in origine, erano dei pittogrammi (形象), cioè dei disegni che sono andati via via semplificandosi di elementi naturali, parti del corpo, utensili, animali e simili (e.g. riso 米, cavallo 马, coltello 刀, bocca 口, le gocce di pioggia che scendono da una nuvola 雨...). Questi pittogrammi venivano usati perlopiù per compiere delle scapulomanzie, cioè delle divinazioni/previsioni sul futuro attraverso l'uso delle ossa. Infatti, i sinogrammi venivano incisi sui gusci di tartaruga (龟甲) e le scapole di bue, questi ultimi venivano messi sul fuoco e, in base alle screpolature, si formulava una profezia. Tra le altre prime tracce, si contano anche le incisioni sui vasi in bronzo della <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Zhou" title="Dinastia Zhou">dinastia Zhou</a> (周朝), che indicano per esempio i proprietari dei vasi. Questi vasi di bronzo (青铜器) venivano usati per contenere cibo, vino, armi, soldi (nella Cina antica, le monete avevano la forma di una conchiglia siccome, in un'epoca anteriore, si usavano le conchiglie 贝 come mezzi di scambio) o erano usati durante i sacrifici, per esempio per effettuare le libagioni (cioè l'atto di rovesciare il contenuto di un vaso per terra come offerta a dei o antenati. Il carattere 鬯 immortala il vino sacrificale, insaporito con degli aromi e con un mestolo in basso). Altri caratteri potevano trovarsi incisi su specchi in vetro e bronzo o su pettini, oggetti spesso conservati nelle tombe dei nobili. Al tempo, uno dei mezzi più usati per scrivere era il rotolo formato da listelli di bambù intrecciati, che si disegnavano con il pittogramma 冊 (in altri casi, i caratteri si incidevano su oggetti come i vasi di bronzo, su pietra o si scrivevano sulla seta). Per scrivere, si usava un inchiostro (墨水) formato da fuliggine filtrata, mescolata con la colla (resina fusa), messa in uno stampino decorato e ridotta ad un blocchetto che si scioglieva con l'acqua e lo sfregamento in una scodella di pietra. Per scrivere, si usava un pennino di legno (聿), rinforzato poi con un cappuccio di cuoio e sostituito più avanti con il pennello con i peli. Con il proliferare dei caratteri e il loro impiego in letteratura e nell'amministrazione, i sinogrammi vennero creati usando, nella maggior parte dei casi, una struttura detta "pianpang", tale per cui a un radicale si affianca una chiave di lettura. In altre parole, accanto a un pittogramma che indica il campo semantico/di significato del carattere, si scrive un ulteriore carattere che indica la pronuncia e/o altre informazioni sul suo significato. Per esempio, il carattere 秒 indica oggi in cinese il concetto di "secondo" (unità di tempo) e, in origine, indicava l'arista, che fa parte della copertura esterna del chicco di riso insieme alle due glumelle. Il radicale è 禾, che indica il grano, mentre la chiave di lettura è 少 e indica sia la pronuncia, sia il concetto di "piccolo" e, in origine, la "sabbia" (è un pittogramma che raffigura i granelli di sabbia, che oggi si indica come 沙). I radicali, detti "busu" (部首), sono quindi diventati i "mattoncini" dei sinogrammi e la loro sistemazione più nota universalmente è la <a href="/wiki/Radicali_Kangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicali Kangxi">lista dei 214 Radicali Kangxi</a> (康熙部首), che prendono il nome dal <a href="/wiki/Dizionario_di_Kangxi" title="Dizionario di Kangxi">Dizionario Kangxi</a> (康熙字典), pubblicato nel 1716, durante la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Qing" title="Dinastia Qing">Dinastia Qing</a> (清朝). I radicali servono anche a cercare i kanji nei dizionari cartacei e virtuali, siccome i caratteri sono ordinati solitamente per radicale, a loro volta ordinati in base al numero di tratti. Tutti i sinogrammi hanno un ordine dei tratti prescrittivo che, se seguito, contribuisce alla migliore resa grafica del carattere. I caratteri cinesi sono arrivati in Giappone attraverso i coreani del regno di <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> (百濟 백제, Corea meridionale) nel <a href="/wiki/Periodo_Yamato" title="Periodo Yamato">Periodo Yamato</a> (大和時代 Yamato-jidai, collocato tra 250-710d.C.), seguito poi dal <a href="/wiki/Periodo_Nara" title="Periodo Nara">periodo Nara</a> (奈良時代, <a href="/wiki/Nara" title="Nara">dal nome della capitale del tempo</a>). Per la precisione, un monaco coreano buddista semi-leggendario di nome Wangin 왕인, 王仁 (giapponese: Wani) li avrebbe portati in Giappone durante un viaggio mentre in Giappone regnava l'imperatore <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cjin" title="Ōjin">Ōjin</a> (応神). Per la precisione, il <a href="/wiki/Nihon_shoki" title="Nihon shoki">Nihon Shoki</a> (日本書紀) del 720d.C. nel decimo volume dice che Wani è arrivato in Giappone durante il 16º anno del regno di Ōjin, il 15º Imperatore del Giappone (la data tradizionale è 270-310d.C., ma la data reale è semi-sconosciuta). Un'altra fonte che parla di Wani è il Kojiki (古事記) del 712 d.C., che aggiunge che Wani fu mandato in Giappone dal re di Baekje insieme al Lunyu 论语 (le Massime di <a href="/wiki/Confucio" title="Confucio">Confucio</a>) e al Classico dei Mille Caratteri (千字文), un famoso testo usato tradizionalmente nell'apprendimento dei sinogrammi. Il Nihon Shoki dunque indica il 286d.C. come l'anno dell'arrivo dei sinogrammi in Giappone, ma il Kojiki indica il 372d.C., mentre altre fonti ancora sostengono il 404d.C. Nessuna fonte coreana parla di Wani. Fin dai tempi del cinese arcaico (Old Chinese 上古汉语, parlato durante le dinastie Xia 夏朝, Shang 商朝, Zhou, a cui risalgono i vasi di bronzo, Qin 秦朝 e Han 汉朝), la lingua cinese era frammentata in dialetti, ma durante il Primo Cinese Medio (中古汉语, fine delle Dinastie del Nord e del Sud, dinastie Sui 隋朝, Tang 唐朝 e Song 宋朝), parlato grossomodo quando i sinogrammi stavano entrando in Giappone, si era confezionata una pronuncia colta e standard per leggere le poesie in modo corretto, creata con un compromesso tra le varietà del nord e del sud e formalizzata in delle raccolte di sinogrammi ordinati per rima, detti "rimari". Due celebri rimari sono il Qieyun 切韵 e la sua espansione, il Guangyun 广韵. In Giappone invece si parlava l'Old Japanese (giapponese arcaico, Joudai Nihon-go 上代日本語), finito con la fine del Periodo Nara (794d.C.; la dinastia Sui regna a partire dal 581d.C.) e l'inizio del <a href="/wiki/Periodo_Heian" title="Periodo Heian">periodo Heian</a> (平安, dal nome della capitale del tempo, Heian, oggi <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> 京都): il giapponese, a partire dal Primo Giapponese Medio (Early Middle Japanese, 中古日本語 Chūko nihongo) si è arricchito di vocaboli cinesi con la pronuncia in Primo Cinese Medio, nata circa 200 anni prima e di cui esistono svariate ricostruzioni, per esempio Baxter 2011. Ha subito trasformazioni sia esogene che endogene, come la nascita della tensificazione e l'aggiunta di -n a fine sillaba, prima inesistente, per l'influsso delle sillabe cinesi. La *-m del Primo Cinese Medio (conservata in parte anche durante il Primo Mandarino, durante il khanato mongolo) venne accomodata dai giapponesi con la sillaba "mu", poi fatta convergere nell'attuale -n (entrambe le pronunce sono evolute nel tempo). I giapponesi, che non avevano nessun alfabeto, presero i sinogrammi (che chiamarono "kanji" 漢字) per scrivere, anche se erano parzialmente inadatti per la lingua giapponese (il giapponese ha la morfologia, siccome per esempio il verbo si coniuga, mentre il cinese è una lingua isolante, siccome ogni parola non subisce mai nessuna variazione di nessun tipo). Pertanto, i giapponesi usarono alcuni kanji come dei fantocci grafici messi in fila per indicare la pronuncia di una frase in giapponese. Questo utilizzo, tale per cui non si tiene in considerazione il significato dei kanji ma solo la loro pronuncia, si chiama "man'yoogana" 万葉仮名, risale al Periodo Nara e prende il nome da una raccolta di poesie del Periodo Nara, detta Man'yooshuu 万葉集. Dalla semplificazione di questi kanji, ridotti a uno schizzo calligrafico sinuoso o spigoloso per opera dei monaci buddisti, sono nati i due kana: hiragana 平仮名 e katakana 片仮名, importanti per trascrivere i prestiti e indicare la morfologia della lingua giapponese. Un terzo kana composto da variazioni dell'hiragana, detto hentaigana 変体仮名, è stato abbandonato a inizio '900 con l'ufficializzazione dell'hiragana. Senza un simile mezzo, i giapponesi sarebbero stati costretti a scrivere usando la grammatica del cinese classico, detta wenyan 文言, perfettamente adatta ai sinogrammi e dall'aspetto molto snello e minimalista (l'apporto grammaticale è ridotto al minimo e quasi tutte le parole usate sono monosillabiche). I kanji furono poi utilizzati per trascrivere i prestiti cinesi ("lessico sino-giapponese"), riadattati come fonologia alla lingua giapponese, e disambiguare le omofonie. Ai kanji furono affiancate due tipologie basilari di pronunce: quella cinese e quella nativa giapponese. Quando un kanji si usa in isolamento, indica un concetto che tuttavia si legge con la pronuncia giapponese, detta "kun'yomi" 訓読み (e.g. 心 indica il "cuore" o la "mente", è il pittogramma di un cuore con delle arterie e si pronuncia "kokoro"). Quando un kanji si usa in combinazione con altri e indica un prestito cinese, si legge con la pronuncia cinese, detta "on'yomi" 音読み, a sua volta suddivisa in più tipologie in base al periodo storico (quella più arcaica è la go-on 呉音, parlata nello stato di Wu, dove oggi si trova Shanghai; essa è poi seguita dalla kan-on 漢音, derivante dalla parlata della capitale Chang'an durante la dinastia Tang, e infine è seguita dalla tousou-on 唐宋音, risalente alla Dinastia Song e Ming, e da una pronuncia entrata nell'uso comune anche se derivante da una confusione di pronunce, detta kan-yoo'on 慣用音. In una quarta categoria a sé, ci sono le letture totalmente irregolari dei caratteri, usata in parole giapponesi, dette jukujikun 熟字訓 e usate per esempio nel vocabolo "Yamato" 大和 o 倭, un'antica etnia giapponese che dà il nome a una prefettura omonima e che è anche un arcaismo per indicare il Giappone, che oggi invece si chiama "Nippon" o "Nihon" 日本. La quinta categoria è pure una pronuncia irregolare usata perlopiù in nomi propri e si chiama nanori 名乗り). In alcuni casi, i giapponesi arrivarono a creare dei kanji inventati da zero per indicare concetti specifici della lingua giapponese. Questi kanji in particolare sono detti "caratteri nazionali", cioè "kokuji". Quanto alle caratteristiche fonetiche del Primo Cinese Medio, inesistenti nell'Old Japanese (come già accennato, quest'ultimo non aveva nessuna coda nasale a fine sillaba e non aveva gli stop consonantici senza rilascio udibile di suono *-p, *-t, *-k, a cui si aggiungono le tre code nasali in Primo Cinese Medio *-ng, *-n. *-m), esse sono state accomodate alla lingua giapponese: per esempio, lo stop *-k è diventato "ku" oppure "ki" (per esempio, la sillaba che indica il concetto di "studio, studiare" si pronunciava *haewk e, in giapponese, è stata accomodata come "gaku"). Siccome i kanji di per sé indicano poche informazioni sulla pronuncia, in alcune opere glossate (al tempo, si scriveva in verticale e da sinistra a destra) e nei dizionari si affiancavano i kanji all'hiragana o katakana in piccolo per indicare la pronuncia. Quest'uso dei kana viene detto "furigana" 振り仮名, mentre la grafia tradizionale verticale, molto adatta alla scrittura su listelli di bambù e per glossare un testo, si chiama tategaki (縦書き); la grafia occidentale viene invece detta yokogaki (横書き). Quindi i kana hanno assunto questo terzo utilizzo, cioè di indicatore della pronuncia. Siccome i kanji sono inadatti alla morfologia giapponese, nella scrittura tipicamente si affiancano hiragana, katakana (usato anche per trascrivere i prestiti dalle altre lingue nel mondo, detti gairaigo 外来語) e kanji. Questi ultimi, per esempio, indicano una parola cinese o la radice di un verbo o aggettivo, a cui si affianca la morfologia in hiragana e un eventuale furigana. I caratteri in hiragana che si scrivono per indicare la morfologia giapponese vengono detti okurigana 送り仮名. Al tempo, non esistevano la punteggiatura e la scrittura in orizzontale, importate dall'Occidente durante l'apertura ai colonialisti nella metà '800. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numero_di_kanji_e_riforme">Numero di kanji e riforme</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Numero di kanji e riforme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Numero di kanji e riforme">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Il <a href="/wiki/Dizionario_Kangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dizionario Kangxi">Dizionario Kangxi</a>, pubblicato nella Cina imperiale nel 1716, presenta circa 49.000 caratteri cinesi ed è stato a lungo un riferimento chiave nello studio dei kanji, finché nel 1960 non fu completato in Giappone il 大漢和辞典 (Dai kanwa jiten) di Tetsuji Morohashi, contenente circa 50.000 kanji. Più di recente, nel 1994, è stato pubblicato nella Repubblica Popolare Cinese il Zhonghua Zihai (<a href="/wiki/Caratteri_cinesi_semplificati" title="Caratteri cinesi semplificati">caratteri cinesi semplificati</a>: 中华字海; <a href="/wiki/Caratteri_cinesi_tradizionali" title="Caratteri cinesi tradizionali">caratteri cinesi tradizionali</a>: 中華字海; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Zhōnghuá Zìhǎi), il più grande dizionario di caratteri cinesi disponibili per la stampa, contenente 85.568 caratteri. Si può però tranquillamente affermare che, comprendendo anche tutte le varianti regionali e versioni obsolete dei kanji creati, il totale di tutti i kanji sia di molto superiore. Nel novembre 1922 venne confezionata una lista ufficiale di 1962 kanji detta Tōyō kanjihyō (当用漢字表). La sua pubblicazione ufficiale, con il numero fissato a 1850, risale al 16 novembre 1946 ed era affiancata dall'intento di creare una lista ufficiale di kanji diffusi con una sola scrittura ufficiale, scevra da varianti regionali e da caratteri rari e obsoleti e piena di caratteri necessari per il solo uso quotidiano. Sempre nel 1946, venne promulgata la semplificazione di questi caratteri, che comunque non è estesa come quella che ha riguardato i caratteri in uso nella Cina continentale. La loro semplificazione viene detta shinjitai 新字体, mentre i caratteri tradizionali sono chiamati Kyūjitai (舊字體/旧字体) e, nonostante la sostituzione, non sono mai stati banditi per legge, ragion per cui si possono ancora usare. Pochi anni dopo, il 5 luglio 1956, con un annuncio del Japanese Language Council, molti kanji rari e non presenti nella lista vennero sostituiti con kanji più comuni (questa usanza è detta kakikae 書きかえ) o con il kana (mazegaki 交ぜ書き). Nel 1981, la lista di 1850 caratteri venne sostituita con quella che è la lista di jōyō kanji (常用漢字), che oggi è la lista ufficiale di 2136 kanji di uso corrente (la versione più aggiornata risale al 2010). Tutti questi caratteri vengono insegnati durante l'istruzione obbligatoria anno dopo anno, in base a una suddivisione ufficiale (e.g. i 1026 kanji usati nei 6 anni di scuola elementare in Giappone si chiamano kyōiku kanji 教育漢字 e l'ultimo aggiornamento di questa sotto-lista è del 2020). Nel 1946, in base a un decreto ministeriale, venne sancito che i kanji selezionabili come nome di persona si potevano estrarre solo dai Tooyoo kanji. Solo successivamente venne rilasciata quella che sarà nota come la lista di Jinmeiyoo kanji, cioè i kanji da cui, per legge, si può selezionare il nome personale di una persona. La versione più aggiornata, risalente al 2017, ne contiene 863. Caratteri come 痔, che indica le emorroidi, vennero scartati da questa lista. Queste due riforme che riguardano i kanji sono state affiancate a una riforma del kana, tale per cui due sillabe obsolete, ゐ/ヰ wi e ゑ/ヱ we, vennero epurate. Tutti i kanji che non fanno parte delle due liste ufficiali vengono detti Hyōgai kanji 表外漢字. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paragoni_con_gli_hanja_coreani_e_gli_hán_tự_vietnamiti">Paragoni con gli hanja coreani e gli hán tự vietnamiti</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Paragoni con gli hanja coreani e gli hán tự vietnamiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Paragoni con gli hanja coreani e gli hán tự vietnamiti">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> I kanji sono l'analogo degli <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">hanja</a> (漢字), cioè i sinogrammi presi in prestito dai coreani per scrivere (neanche loro avevano un alfabeto proprio) durante un periodo di espansione del buddismo cinese nella penisola coreana. Questo ingresso di caratteri è stato accompagnato dall'ingresso di una larga quantità di lessico cinese, accomodato alla lingua coreana e detto "lessico sino-coreano", che oggi forma il 57% del lessico coreano. Gli hanja, siccome erano adatti a scrivere i prestiti sino-coreani ma erano inadatti alla lingua coreana (come il giapponese, era ed è dotata di morfologia) venivano usati in modo analogo al man'yoogana giapponese (il sistema di scrittura in questione si chiama hyangchal). In alternativa, erano stati affiancati a un alfabeto molto snello e confezionato apposta dal re <a href="/wiki/Sejong_il_Grande" title="Sejong il Grande">Sejong il Grande</a> (세종대왕, 世宗大王) della <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Joseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia Joseon">Dinastia Joseon</a> (조선, 朝鮮) nel 1443 e promulgato nel 1446, detto <a href="/wiki/Lingua_coreana" title="Lingua coreana">hangeul</a> (한글). Era stato formato non a partire da una stilizzazione dei caratteri hyangchal, ma dalla stilizzazione di una serie di disegni che mostravano la posizione della lingua nel cavo orale (per esempio, il simbolo ㅁ indica il suono /m/ e rappresenta una bocca chiusa). L'alfabeto hangeul ha un utilizzo analogo ai due kana giapponesi, mentre gli hanja erano usati per scrivere il lessico sino-coreano e coreano con un accomodamento identico a quello giapponese: un hanja in isolamento ha una pronuncia coreana (per esempio, 水 indica l'acqua, è anche un Radicale Kangxi e, in coreano, si pronuncia "mul"), mentre un intero vocabolo sino-coreano ha una pronuncia cinese, che però è composta da una pronuncia unica con poche pronunce multiple in dei casi sporadici (per esempio, nella parola 水道, che indica il canale idrico, "sudo", si pronuncia "su"). Il carattere, nei testi antichi, veniva affiancata da un puntino per indicare un'intonazione crescente e due punti in colonna per indicare un'intonazione discendente. L'hangeul veniva anche usato in modo analogo al furigana. Il "furigana" coreano non ha un nome preciso ma, in editoria, quando dei piccoli caratteri si affiancano ad altri caratteri con funzione esplicativa, questo fenomeno si dice "ruby", i caratteri vengono detti "ruby characters" e in coreano la parola "ruby" si trascrive con una traslitterazione fonetica perfetta, 루비. Come già accennato, i coreani hanno poi introdotto i sinogrammi in Giappone. Gli hanja non hanno mai subito semplificazioni, accanto a loro sono stati creati dei caratteri nazionali detti "gukja" 国字 e sono studiati nell'istruzione obbligatoria: in Corea del Sud, <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">la lista ufficiale di hanja con cui si deve entrare in contatto durante la scuola media e superiore</a> (16 agosto 1972, aggiornata una sola volta il 31 dicembre 2000) ne contiene 1800; in Corea del Nord, 3000. Tuttavia, nella vita quotidiana, non vengono usati. La loro pronuncia è molto conservativa, siccome preserva molte caratteristiche del Primo Cinese Medio. Quindi, ci sono molte analogie tra gli hanja e i kanji, anche se non coincidono in toto. Quanto al <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, anche i vietnamiti non avevano un alfabeto e hanno preso a prestito in un periodo che grossomodo corrisponde alla Dinastia Tang (618 d.C.) i sinogrammi per scrivere, insieme alla grammatica cinese arcaica, il wenyan. Quindi, nell'ordine, i coreani sono stati i primi a prenderli a prestito, poi li hanno passati ai giapponesi e infine sono stati adottati dai vietnamiti. I sinogrammi in Vietnam servono a scrivere i prestiti sino-vietnamiti, sono detti hán tự e non sono mai stati semplificati. La loro pronuncia è unicamente sino-vietnamita, non hanno una pronuncia nativa se usati in isolamento e questa pronuncia è anch'essa molto conservativa siccome ritiene molte caratteristiche fonetiche del Primo Cinese Medio, osservabili anche negli hanja e, in parte, nei kanji. Le parole native vietnamite venivano trascritte con un vastissimo corpus di caratteri nativi coreani, detti quoc tự. Questi ultimi non sono mai stati formalizzati e dunque sono pieni di varianti. Tutto il sistema di scrittura formato da hán tự e quoc tự viene detto "<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_n%C3%B4m" class="mw-redirect" title="Chữ nôm">chữ nôm</a>". Il chữ nôm è stato affiancato da un alfabeto latino provvisto di diacritici per indicare la modulazione tonale (il vietnamita è una lingua tonale: la nascita del tono crescente in vietnamita e Primo Cinese Medio deriva dalla caduta di un colpo di glottide/stacco glottale a fine sillaba, che equivale a un colpetto di tosse, mentre il tono discendente in entrambe nasce dalla lenizione e caduta di una *-s a fine sillaba). L'alfabeto latino in questione era basato sulla pronuncia portoghese e confezionato dai missionari portoghesi arrivati in Vietnam nel '600 (il primo dizionario di vietnamita scritto da un europeo è il Dictionarivm Annamiticvm, Lvsitanvm et Latinvm di Alexander de Rhodes, pubblicato a Roma nel 1651, scritto unicamente in alfabeto latino e contenente il vietnamita, il portoghese europeo e il latino classico). A essi, si affiancano anche dei dizionari di vietnamita unito agli hán tự (es. il dizionario in latino di Pigneau del 1773, Dictionario Annamitico-Latinum, pubblicato postumo da Jean-Louis Taberd nel 1838). Mentre i kanji sono tuttora usati e gli hanja sono pressoché in disuso ma sono studiati nelle scuole, i chữ nôm in Vietnam sono stati aboliti per decreto imperiale nel 1918 e l'alfabeto latino, il quoc ngu', prese il sopravvento nell'educazione obbligatoria. In coreano, questo alfabeto si usa perlopiù solo per romanizzare l'hangeul, mentre in giapponese si usa per romanizzare i kana e la pronuncia dei kanji (il sistema più usato è quello Hepburn, dal nome di un missionario cristiano che nel 1867 ha pubblicato un celebre dizionario di giapponese-inglese) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evoluzione_storica">Evoluzione storica</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Evoluzione storica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Evoluzione storica">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Per contestualizzare e legare i kanji alle varietà linguistiche del giapponese lungo la storia e a tratti storici del Giappone, è utile legare i tre in un breve resoconto storico suddiviso in ere, a loro volta legate alle varietà linguistiche. Simili cenni storico-linguistici sono ancora più importanti nello studio dei <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">chu nom</a> vietnamiti. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Introduzione_e_Periodo_Jomon_(?)">Introduzione e Periodo Jomon (?)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Introduzione e Periodo Jomon (?)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Introduzione e Periodo Jomon (?)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> La prima fase nota del giapponese è di difficile datazione precisa ed è il Proto-Giapponese (Proto-Japanese oppure Proto-Japonic) 日本祖語, una forma non attestata ma ricostruita attraverso i dati linguistici a disposizione con la comparazione, metodo usato pure con la ricostruzione di lingue come il Proto-Germanico, il Proto-Indoeuropeo, l'Old Chinese, la pronuncia del Primo Cinese Medio ecc. Siccome la lingua non è attestata, ogni suo suono e parola è affiancato da un asterisco, largamente usato negli studi di filologia. Questa varietà era la base di tutte le varietà di giapponese, inclusi i dialetti (e.g. dialetto di Okinawa) e le lingue delle isole Ryukyu (dette anche "Isole Pescadores"). L'origine del giapponese è controversa, come anche la sua classificazione esatta in una famiglia linguistica. Quanto alla datazione del Proto-Giapponese, se si prende come riferimento l'inizio del Giapponese Antico, esso risale a prima del 710 d.C. Prima di questa data, le quattro ere individuate sono quelle appartenenti al paleolitico e al neolitico (anche in Cina c'erano numerose culture neolitiche, prima che esistesse un territorio dominato da un sovrano ma non imperatori, come le dinastie Xia 夏朝, Shang 商朝 e Zhou 周朝) e due periodi pre-imperiali. Il primo periodo noto della storia giapponese è quello Jōmon (縄文時代, Jōmon jidai), 14.000 a.C.-1000 a.C., in cui l'arcipelago giapponese (che si stava via via separando geograficamente dalla costa cinese durante l'ultima era glaciale) era abitato dai cacciatori, pescatori di salmone e raccoglitori che si sono poi sedentarizzati costruendo le <a href="/wiki/Casa_a_fossa" title="Casa a fossa">case a fossa</a> (pit-house), coltivando il riso nelle risaie e imparando a lavorare il bronzo e il ferro in metallurgia. Il nome dell'era deriva dall'usanza di costruire i vasi mettendo il materiale in uno stampino fatto di corda arrotolata per decorare la superficie del vaso. Una volta tolta la corda, sulla superficie del vaso restavano i segni della corda, una sorta di motivo/texture decorativa. Di questo periodo, restano molti artefatti di cultura materiale, inclusi gioielli fatti con le conchiglie (nella Cina antica, invece, si usavano come moneta; poi venne inventata la moneta, che poteva avere anche la forma di una conchiglia) e delle statuine delle Dogū (土偶). Il periodo Jomon è suddivisibile in più sotto-periodi in primis in base al tipo di ceramiche prodotte. Nel periodo Jomon finale, iniziarono i primi rapporti con gli abitanti della penisola coreana. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_Yayoi_(?)">Periodo Yayoi (?)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo Yayoi (?)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo Yayoi (?)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Il secondo periodo noto è quello neolitico, Periodo Yayoi (弥生時代, Yayoi jidai), 1000 a.C.-300 d.C. In questo periodo, il gruppo di agricoltori Yayoi, proveniente dalla Corea, si è mescolato in modo più o meno violento con i Jomon. Il nome "Yayoi" deriva da una località di Tokyo in cui si trovarono dei resti di questa cultura, che non si limitano a vasi costruiti ancora alla maniera dei Jomon, ma anche a campane cerimoniali di ferro Dōtaku (銅鐸) e attrezzi agricoli e armi fatti entrambi in ferro. A questo periodo risale la diffusione delle lingue giapponiche ("Japonic Languages") nell'arcipelago. Verso la fine di quest'era, ci sono i primi resoconti sui giapponesi nelle opere cinesi. Al tempo, in Cina regnava la Dinastia Han, che successe ai Qin, la prima dinastia imperiale che unificò la Cina dopo un lungo periodo di guerre tra feudi. Gli Han registrano il primo nome noto del Giappone, "Wa" (倭), "storpio, distante, sottomissivo" (Putonghua: wo3). Il carattere poi è stato sostituito con 和 "Wa", che indica il concetto di armonia. Sempre a questo periodo risalgono i primi contatti con la Dinastia Han orientale, cinese. In generale, i cinesi indicavano anticamente i non-cinesi con il carattere 夷 yi2, che indica i "barbari". Il carattere rappresenta un uomo con le braccia distese 大 e con un arco 弓 sulla schiena. Un nome di un paese dentro il territorio di "Wa" indicato dai cinesi è Yamatai-koku o Yamato-koku (邪馬台国), ma non si sa se ha un legame con Yamato (大和国), il secondo nome noto del Giappone, dal nome di un'omonima etnia, e oggi nome di una provincia giapponese. Questo paese sarebbe stato governato dopo un periodo di guerre civili da una regina e sciamana la cui esistenza è oggetto di dibattito, Himiko o Pimiko (卑弥呼). I cinesi passarono poi il concetto di società gerarchica agli Yayoi. I cinesi stessi poi sono gli inventori di molte filosofie orientali come il confucianesimo e il daoismo, entrate con il passare del tempo in Giappone. Infine, in questo periodo sarebbe esistito il primo Imperatore del Giappone, che però è una figura leggendaria insieme ai 10 imperatori successivi. Il suo nome è Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō), avrebbe regnato dal 660 a.C. al 585 a.C. dopo la cattura di Yamato e diceva di essere il figlio del Dio Sole Amaterasu. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_Kofun_(Proto-giapponese)">Periodo Kofun (Proto-giapponese)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo Kofun (Proto-giapponese)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo Kofun (Proto-giapponese)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> il Periodo Kofun 古墳時代 (300-538) è quello in cui i giapponesi iniziano a raccogliersi sotto l'autorità di un unico leader (Ōkimi 大王, Grande Re) di Yamato, che però non ha ancora il titolo di "Imperatore" cioè il Tennō (天皇), tenendo conto che gli imperatori di cui si ha notizia anche per gran parte di questo periodo sono figure leggendarie o problematiche da definire. Questi leader erano seppelliti in dei tumuli a forma di buco di serratura detti "kofun" 古墳, riempiti al loro interno di statue di terracotta che raffiguravano guerrieri e cavalli, gli Haniwa (埴輪). Questi leader si espansero tramite accordi con i capi locali o guerre (ogni clan 豪族 gōzoku, aveva un patriarca 氏上, Uji-no-kami, incaricato di occuparsi dei rituali propiziatori al Dio del clan, il kami 神). Alcuni di questi clan avevano origini cinesi o coreane (gli stranieri del tempo sono indicati con il termine 渡来人 toraijin) e alcuni dei membri erano capaci di scrivere con i sinogrammi. A questo periodo risale uno dei primi artefatti giapponesi che reca dei sinogrammi, la Spada di Inariyama (稲荷山古墳出土鉄剣, Inariyama kofun shutsudo tekken), prodotta forse nel 531 e appartenente a un guerriero, Wowake Omi 乎獲居臣. Un esempio di clan aventi origini cinesi è quello degli Hata (秦), formato da discendenti dell'Imperatore Qin e che introdusse la sericoltura (coltivazione del baco da seta) in Giappone. Gli Okimi avevano rapporti con i cinesi, a quel tempo non sotto una guida imperiale (il periodo dei Tre Regni e Dinastie del Nord e del Sud finisce con l'unificazione sotto la Dinastia Sui nel 589). I cinesi hanno registrato i nomi di 5 Okimi, i 倭の五王, i Wa no go ō, i "5 Sovrani di Wa", cioè San (讃), Chin (珍), Sai (濟), Kō (興) e Bu (武; la pronuncia più antica è "Mu"). Nel periodo Kofun, il buddismo entrò in Giappone portato da monaci indiani (chiamavano il Giappone "扶桑" Fusō) e, nel periodo successivo, con i monaci cinesi e coreani. Il Buddismo in Giappone è la religione più diffusa insieme allo Shintoismo. Ma la più grande introduzione a livello linguistico del periodo è l'introduzione dei sinogrammi in Giappone, attestato non solo dalla Spada di Inariyama, ma pure dal Nihon Shoki. Stando al resoconto di quest'ultima opera, sono stati introdotti come già accennato da un monaco leggendario coreano del Regno di Baekje, Wani, al tempo dell'Imperatore Ōjin (応神天皇, Ōjin-tennō), un altro Imperatore problematico da definire. Ojin regnò dal 270 al 310, ma i kanji sarebbero stati introdotti in Giappone più tardi, intorno al 404. Poco dopo, nel 453, è iniziato il regno di Ankō (安康天皇, Ankō-tennō), il primo Imperatore su cui c'è consenso circa la sua esistenza effettiva (r. 453-456, morto assassinato per una vendetta). Forse Anko era uno dei 5 Sovrani di Wa, Kō 興. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_Asuka_(Proto-giapponese)">Periodo Asuka (Proto-giapponese)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo Asuka (Proto-giapponese)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo Asuka (Proto-giapponese)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Il Periodo Asuka 飛鳥時代 (538-710), periodo che prende il nome dall'omonima regione, è contrassegnato da grandi cambiamenti sociali a causa della diffusione del Confucianesimo, insegnato ai burocrati della corte. In questo periodo, il Giappone da "Yamato" o "Wa" viene chiamato "Nippon", 日本. La corte imperiale era a Yamato, oggi "Nara" ma non aveva una capitale fissa. Su modello cinese, venne creato un apparato statale imperiale verticistico e venne adottata la scrittura cinese con la grammatica cinese classica per comunicare. La pronuncia del tempo, adattata a quella giapponese, era quella del Primo Cinese Medio, parlato durante le Dinastie del Nord e del Sud e le Dinastie Sui e Tang. Questa pronuncia è quella registrata in rimari come il Qieyun. Contemporaneamente al Confucianesimo, si diffuse il Buddismo in modo capillare a partire in particolare dal 552, quando il Re Seong di Baekje (聖明王) mandò un gruppo di monaci con dei sutra in missione presso l'Imperatore Kinmei (欽明天皇), che si stava insediando (r. 539-571). Sempre nello stesso periodo, si diffuse anche il Daoismo in Giappone. Nel 645-649 si colloca la riforma Taika (大化の改新, Taika no kaishin), influenzata dal Confucianesimo e mirata a aumentare la centralizzazione del potere: venne abolita l'ereditarietà dei titoli nobiliari, il codice di leggi venne riformato, venne istituita la leva militare e la tassa sulla terra, il territorio di Nippon venne suddiviso in 66 provincie e venne istituito un sistema di esami simili agli Esami Imperiali cinesi ma aperto solo ai figli dei nobili. L'ultimo grande atto storico è l'inizio della diffusione delle monete in Giappone: nel 708 vennero coniate le prime monete in rame con un buco in mezzo (Wadōkaichin 和同開珎), alla maniera cinese (il buco serviva per legarle con lo spago e formare una collana, per comodità o per creare un monile). A questo periodo (650-750 circa) risalgono i mokkan (木簡), cioè delle tavolette lunghe e sottili di legno su cui i giapponesi hanno scritto in kanji dei messaggi semplici in tono colloquiale. Il linguaggio usato è il Wenyan e l'Old Japanese. Simili tavolette, dette "mokgan", sono state trovate pure in Corea. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_Nara_(Old_Japanese)">Periodo Nara (Old Japanese)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo Nara (Old Japanese)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo Nara (Old Japanese)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Il 710-794 è detto Periodo Nara 奈良時代: nel 710 per ordine dell'Imperatrice Genmei (元明天皇) venne istituita la prima capitale fissa dell'Impero Giapponese per imitare Chang'an (Dinastia Tang). La città designata fu Heijō-kyō (平城京), rinominata Nara. Si smise quindi di cambiare la capitale al momento della morte dell'Imperatore (si credeva che, alla sua morte, il posto diventasse inquinato). In questo periodo è collocato la prima varietà di vera e propria lingua giapponese, il Giapponese Antico (Old Japanese), 上代日本語. Sono poi scritte le prime opere giapponesi di storia del Giappone, come il Kojiki e il Nihon Shoki. Sono poi state scritte le waka, cioè le poesie giapponesi del periodo Nara, 和歌 o 倭歌. Molte di queste sono state scritte con i kanji solo e unicamente per rendere i suoni delle sillabe (utilizzo man'yogana) e la più grande antologia di waka del periodo è proprio il Man'yoshu. Per alleviare il carico economico sulla capitale, il sistema di potere fu decentralizzato, salvo poi ricentralizzarlo con un riassetto e uno spostamento della capitale. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_Heian_(Primo_Giapponese_Medio)">Periodo Heian (Primo Giapponese Medio)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo Heian (Primo Giapponese Medio)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo Heian (Primo Giapponese Medio)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Il 794-1185 è detto Periodo Heian 平安時代 dal nome della capitale designata, oggi detta Kyōto (京都). In questo periodo si parlava il Primo Giapponese Medio (Early Middle Japanese) o "Giapponese Tardo-antico" , 中古日本語. In questo periodo si colloca l'invenzione del kana 仮名 attribuita a Kūkai 空海 (774-835), un monaco buddista che fondò la setta esoterica Shingon (真言宗, Shingon-shū). Contemporaneamente, si assiste all'incremento del potere dei samurai 侍, una casta di guerrieri che faceva da guardia ai clan nobili (per esempio il clan Fujiwara 藤原, il più potente del tempo). I samurai potevano essere poi promossi a signori feudali (大名, Daimyō), che a loro volta potevano assoldare i samurai per proteggere le loro terre, ripagandoli in moneta o anche in terra e viveri. Avevano poi l'obbligo di coltivare una forte morale, la lealtà al proprio padrone che si spingeva fino al sacrificio, la frugalità, la padronanza delle arti marziali e dell'uso della katana (Kenjutsu, "l'Arte della Spada" 剣術). Questo insieme di valori veniva chiamato Bushido, "la Via del Guerriero" (武士道; la parola comunque è stata coniata durante il Periodo Edo). I rōnin (浪人) invece erano i samurai che, alla morte del loro padrone, non commettevano il suicidio (seppuku/harakiri 腹切り), ma diventavano dei guerrieri erranti e senza padrone. In alternativa, erano samurai che avevano perso il favore del loro padrone. Sempre in questo periodo nasce la figura dello shōgun (将軍), cioè un generale che combatteva le tribù giapponesi che erano ostili al governo centrale, es. gli Emishi 蝦夷. Il più grande capolavoro letterario del periodo è il <a href="/wiki/Genji_monogatari" title="Genji monogatari">Genji monogatari</a>, 源氏物語 della poetessa Murasaki Shikibu 紫式部, una delle opere di letteratura di corte del tempo, ed è affiancato da "<a href="/wiki/Note_del_guanciale" title="Note del guanciale">Note del guanciale</a>" (枕草子, Makura no Sōshi) di Sei Shōnagon (清少納言), anche lei dama di corte, e dalla raccolta di poesie Iroha, di autore incerto. Questi lavori si affiancano poi a numerose calligrafie e opere vernacolari, che esplosero proprio per l'invenzione del kana, affiancato ai kanji. Verso la fine del periodo, due clan di nobili, i Taira 平 e i Minamoto 源, subirono un'ascesa, tale per cui il potere dei Fujiwara fu minacciato. Nel 1156, scoppiò una ribellione (Ribellione Hōgen 保元の乱, Hōgen no ran) per una questione di successione al trono imperiale e i clan Taira e Minamoto sconfissero in una breve guerra civile i Fujiwara. Poco dopo, un'altra breve guerra civile (Ribellione Heiji 平治の乱, Heiji no ran) nel 1159 e un'altra guerra civile molto più ampia (Guerra Genpei 源平合戦, Genpei kassen) nel 1185 a seguito di un colpo di Stato dei Taira (1179) portarono alla sconfitta del clan Taira da parte dei Minamoto. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_Kamakura_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)">Periodo Kamakura (Tardo Giapponese Medio)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo Kamakura (Tardo Giapponese Medio)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo Kamakura (Tardo Giapponese Medio)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Il Periodo Kamakura 鎌倉時代 va dal 1185 al 1573. In questo periodo si parla la varietà detta Tardo Giapponese Medio (Late Middle Japanese, 中世日本語) ed è stato instaurato il primo shogunato della storia del Giappone. Lo shogunato è il governo effettivo di un comandante militare, lo shogun. Per usare il vocabolo giapponese, il governo militare è indicato con "bakufu" (幕府). Il primo carattere è un riferimento alla tenda in cui alloggiava il comandante. Lo shogunato è stato instaurato dal capo del clan vincitore, Minamoto no Yoritomo 源頼朝. Il nome del periodo invece deriva dalla nuova capitale, Kamakura. In questo periodo continua l'ascesa della casta dei samurai e il vincolo di fedeltà tra un guerriero/vassallo e il padrone della terra fa emergere un sistema feudale in Giappone, paragonabile a quello europeo nell'Alto Medioevo. Lo shogunato degli Yoritomo si dissolve a causa dei dissidi interni tra membri, tali per cui il potere non si consolidò mai. Una celebre opera del tempo, lo Hōjōki (方丈記, 1212) di Kamo no Chōmei (鴨長明), un ex-politico e musicista (sapeva suonare il <a href="/wiki/Koto" title="Koto">koto</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Biwa" title="Biwa">biwa</a>) che si ritirò dal mondo per diventare monaco buddista, descrive il caos del periodo in cui è vissuto e guarda il mondo con uno sguardo pessimista, spiegando come ogni cosa sia effimera (無常). Tutto il periodo Kamakura infatti fu costellato da guerre e disastri naturali, che diedero una spinta al Buddismo. Queste guerre e dissidi non erano solo interni al clan Minamoto o rivolti a ciò che restava del clan Fujiwara, ma erano anche rivolte ai mongoli, che nel 1279 avevano conquistato la Cina, diventando la Dinastia Yuan, retta da Kublai Khan, nipote di Gengis Khan (Kublai fu il khan che accolse Marco Polo). Durante il khanato, i mongoli chiesero ai giapponesi di diventare uno stato vassallo e pagare i tributi per non essere invasi. Lo shogun rifiutò e, di conseguenza, i mongoli provarono a invadere il Giappone due volte insieme ai coreani di Goryeo. La prima volta fu nel 1274, poco prima della conquista totale della Cina, mentre la seconda volta fu nel 1281. Entrambe le battaglie fallirono perché un tifone, un "Vento Divino" (kamikaze, 神風), distrusse le due flotte. La fiducia nello shogunato come forma di governo aumentò perché i giapponesi capirono come fosse importante avere un buon esercito e un forte governo militare per difendersi dai paesi limitrofi. Lo shougunato Minamoto finì dopo una guerra tra clan (1336-1392), vinto dal clan ribelle degli Ashikaga. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_Muromachi_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)">Periodo Muromachi (Tardo Giapponese Medio)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo Muromachi (Tardo Giapponese Medio)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo Muromachi (Tardo Giapponese Medio)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Il Periodo Muromachi (室町時代, Muromachi jidai), in cui si parla ancora il Tardo Giapponese Medio, va dal 1336 al 1573, lungo tutto il periodo in cui è al potere il clan Ashikaga (shogunato Ashikaga). Il primo shogun è stato Ashikaga Takauji (足利尊氏); il terzo shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, ha spostato la sede del governo a Kyoto, che al tempo si chiamava Edo ("Muromachi" è il nome di un quartiere di Kyoto). Il potere venne mantenuto in virtù di un bilanciamento di potere tra lo shogun e i daimyo, che avevano ottenuto molto potere nel corso degli anni, e lo shogunato è ricordato anche per i suoi rapporti cordiali con la Dinastia Ming, che aiutò lo shogun nella lotta contro i pirati giapponesi (倭寇, Wakō) in cambio di tributi. Questo periodo è poi contrassegnato dalla fioritura del teatro giapponese, di cui si ricordano il teatro Noh (能), sviluppato da Kan'ami (観阿弥) e Zeami (世阿弥), e il Kyogen (狂言). In questo periodo, gli europei approdarono in Giappone per fini commerciali o religiosi. I primi erano mercanti che, per esempio, avevano venduto i primi archibugi ai giapponesi; i secondi erano perlopiù missionari gesuiti che cercavano di fare proselitismo tra la popolazione, misurandosi con il problema dell'inculturazione e dell'apprendimento della lingua. Tuttavia, alcuni conflitti all'interno del clan indebolirono lo shogunato, la Guerra Ōnin (応仁の乱, Ōnin no Ran, 1467-1477) lasciò Kyoto devastata e indebolì ulteriormente lo shogunato Ashikaga, portando il Giappone all'anarchia. Iniziò dunque un lungo periodo di guerre (Sengoku 戦国, "Stati Combattenti", da non confondere con l'omonimo periodo cinese), durante il quale lo shogunato Ashikaga e il periodo Muromachi finirono perché Oda Nobunaga conquistò Kyoto nel 1568 e depose lo shogun nel 1573. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_Azuchi-Momoyama_(Tardo_Giapponese_Medio)">Periodo Azuchi-Momoyama (Tardo Giapponese Medio)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo Azuchi-Momoyama (Tardo Giapponese Medio)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo Azuchi-Momoyama (Tardo Giapponese Medio)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Il Periodo Azuchi-Momoyama (安土桃山時代) va dal 1573 al 1603 e prende il nome da due fortezze. La prima parte del periodo vede una serie di vittorie del clan Oda contro i clan avversari, anche grazie all'uso degli archibugi introdotti dagli europei. Questa serie di vittorie si arresta quando Oda Nobunaga (織田信長) viene ucciso a tradimento da uno dei suoi generali, Akechi Mitsuhide: mentre Oda era in un tempio a Kyoto (il tempio Honnō) senza soldati di guardia per prendersi un momento di riposo da un viaggio, Akechi lo fece circondare da un gruppo di ribelli. Dopo uno scontro armato, Oda e il figlio si suicidarono mentre il tempio fu dato alle fiamme per loro stesso ordine. La riunificazione del Giappone nel 1590 e la sconfitta di tutti i clan rimanenti fu portata avanti da Toyotomi Hideyoshi (豐臣秀吉). Tuttavia, il clan Hideyoshi fu subito indebolito dalla sconfitta nelle due guerre di Corea, pianificate per conquistare la Cina della Dinastia Ming. Hideyoshi venne sconfitto nelle due Guerre Imjin (1592-1598) per la resistenza della Dinastia Joseon e della Dinastia Ming. Poco prima della seconda sconfitta, Toyotomi Hideyoshi morì, designando come erede il figlio di 5 anni, Toyotomi Hideyori, che avrebbe dovuto essere sostenuto da un gruppo di 5 capiclan potenti. Quando scoppiarono i dissidi in questo gruppo, il Giappone piombò nuovamente nel caos, finché uno di questi clan, i Tokugawa, riuscì a prevalere nella battaglia di Sekigahara (1600) contro il clan Toyotomi. Tre anni dopo viene fondato da Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川家康) lo shogunato Tokugawa, ponendo fine al Periodo Azuchi-Momoyama. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_Edo_(Primo_Giapponese_Moderno)">Periodo Edo (Primo Giapponese Moderno)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo Edo (Primo Giapponese Moderno)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo Edo (Primo Giapponese Moderno)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Il Periodo Edo 江戸時代 va dal 1603 al 1868 e prende il nome da "Edo", il vecchio nome di Tokyo, in cui si trovava la residenza dello shogun (la capitale era Kyoto). In questo periodo, si parlava la varietà linguistica detta Primo Giapponese Moderno (Early Modern Japanese), 近世日本語. Lungo tutto il periodo il potere è rimasto nelle mani del clan Tokugawa e dei vari daimyo, nonostante gli ultimi scontri con i lealisti di Toyotomi. Il periodo è caratterizzato da un forte isolazionismo rispetto al resto del mondo (Sakoku, 鎖国), tale per cui tutto il periodo fiorente di commercio con gli occidentali (南蛮貿易, Nanban bōeki) terminò. In più, un giapponese per editto non poteva più lasciare il paese; se l'avesse fatto, avrebbe avuto l'ordine di non tornarvi mai più. Dopodiché, il periodo è caratterizzato da episodi di repressione del cristianesimo. La rivolta di cristiani più famosa è la Rivolta di Shimabara (島原の乱, Shimabara no ran), in cui un gruppo di samurai cristiani provò a scagliarsi contro lo shogunato. La sollevazione (1637-1638) venne soffocata nel sangue. Di contro, il lungo periodo di pace del periodo Tokugawa e l'alto tasso di alfabetizzazione a Edo permisero una fioritura culturale (es. il teatro di marionette bunraku, il teatro kabuki, le geishe, il sumo, che comunque era già praticato da secoli prima, ecc.). Il Periodo Edo è anche il momento storico in cui Hanaya Yohei (華屋与兵衛) inventa la versione moderna del <a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">sushi</a> (1820) e in cui sono vissuti i più grandi produttori di stampe che hanno ispirato l'arte occidentale durante il Giapponismo: Kitagawa Utamaro (喜多川歌麿), Katsushika Hokusai (葛飾北斎) e Utagawa Hiroshige (歌川広重). Il potere dei Tokugawa iniziò a calare durante il Tardo Periodo Tokugawa, in cui il malcontento dei giapponesi iniziò a manifestarsi a seguito di numerose carestie a cui lo shogunato non seppe rispondere adeguatamente. Contemporaneamente, lo shogun fu forzato ad aprirsi di fronte alla minaccia degli europei, che erano riusciti a fare capitolare un enorme impero (la Dinastia Qing in Cina) grazie alla superiorità tecnologica in guerra con la Prima Guerra dell'Oppio (1839-1842). Lo shogun dovette accogliere un ambasciatore europeo, il commodoro statunitense <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Perry_(ufficiale_di_marina)" title="Matthew Perry (ufficiale di marina)">Matthew Perry</a>, che forzò il Giappone ad aprire i propri porti al commercio estero nel 1853 con dei trattati ineguali. L'ingresso incontrollato di prodotti stranieri finì col mettere in crisi il mercato giapponese. Tutti questi eventi fecero auspicare agli oppositori una restaurazione, tale per cui l'Imperatore sarebbe dovuto tornare a guidare il Giappone e porre fine al bakufu (幕末, bakumatsu): lo slogan del tempo era "Sonnō jōi" (尊皇攘夷), "venerare l'Imperatore, cacciare i barbari" , riferito agli stranieri. Dopo che varie rivolte contro lo shogun fallirono, la Guerra Boshin 戊辰戦争 Boshin Sensō (1868-1869) riuscì ad abbattere lo shogunato Tokugawa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Restaurazione_Meiji_(Giapponese_Moderno)">Restaurazione Meiji (Giapponese Moderno)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Restaurazione Meiji (Giapponese Moderno)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Restaurazione Meiji (Giapponese Moderno)">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> L'Era Meiji (明治, 1868-1912) è l'ultima era presa in considerazione. In quest'epoca, si parla il Giapponese Moderno (Modern Japanese) 現代日本語, tuttora parlato. Il periodo, dopo la fine della Guerra Boshin, è contrassegnato dalla restaurazione dell'Imperatore, detta Restaurazione Meiji 明治維新, e da un periodo di profondo rinnovamento del Giappone. In primis, la capitale fu spostata a Tokyo, che smise di essere chiamata Edo. Tutte le terre furono poste poi sotto la giurisdizione dell'Imperatore e venne ceduta dai daimyo. Le terre del Giappone non vennero più suddivise in "han", 藩 (uno "han" era un territorio di proprietà del daimyo) ma vennero suddivise in prefetture. Alcuni potenti daimyo diventarono ministri o politici di alto rango. Il paese fu poi industrializzato e dotato di un efficiente sistema di infrastrutture di trasporto per persone e merci (la prima ferrovia in Giappone, la Tokyo-Yokohama, risale al 1872). L'industria leggera e pesante (tessile e siderurgica) faceva un largo uso di tecnologie occidentali e il suo monopolio era in mano a potenti clan industriali legati a grandi banche (zaibatsu 財閥). Esempi di questi conglomerati industriali sono Mitsubishi 三菱, Nissan 日産, Kawasaki 川崎, Mitsui 三井 e Sumitomo 住友. La politica fiscale venne modernizzata e la proprietà privata fu legalizzata. Venne istituito un sistema scolastico su modello occidentale, in cui venivano insegnate le scienze occidentali e le lingue straniere. Nel 1890, venne promulgata la prima Costituzione del Giappone, che dichiarava il Giappone una monarchia costituzionale e in cui l'Imperatore era il Capo di Stato e il Primo Ministro era il Capo di Governo. I giapponesi iniziarono a indossare i vestiti occidentali, accantonando in larga misura il kimono. Dopodiché, la casta dei samurai fu de facto abolita con l'introduzione della leva obbligatoria nel 1872. I samurai tentarono una ribellione fallita nel 1877, capitanata dal Saigō Takamori (西鄕隆盛). Rimasti disoccupati, diventarono imprenditori, come anche alcuni daimyo che contribuirono a formare gli zaibatsu. Infine, il Giappone Meiji divenne una potenza coloniale e avversaria degli europei. Nel 1894-1895 strappò al decadente Impero Cinese l'isola di Taiwan (detta anche "Formosa"), e nel 1904-1905 vinse l'esercito dello Zar di Russia, che si opponeva ai giapponesi. Alcuni anni prima, nel 1876, aveva forzato la penisola coreana ad aprirsi al commercio con un trattato ineguale e, dopo la vittoria contro la Russia nel 1905, istituì un protettorato in Corea, strappata all'influenza di altre potenze straniere. Dopodiché, nel 1910, il Giappone annesse con la forza la Corea e depose Sunjong, l'ultimo Imperatore della Dinastia Joseon. Durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, l'Impero Giapponese si estendeva su Taiwan, la Corea, le Filippine, parte della Cina (inclusa l'Isola di Haikou), parte della Mongolia, l'Indonesia, la Malaysia, parte della Papua-Nuova Guinea, il Vietnam, il Laos, la Cambogia, il Brunei e la Thailandia (il 1942 fu l'anno di massima espansione, in piena Guerra nel Pacifico) e svariate isole nell'Oceano Pacifico. L'Era Meiji finisce con la morte dell'Imperatore Meiji nel 1912 e la successione del figlio, incoronato come 大正天皇, Taishō-tennō (1912-1926) e che inaugurerà l'Era Taishō. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_kanji_oggi">I kanji oggi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la sezione I kanji oggi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: I kanji oggi">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Oggi i kanji sono ancora usati e fanno parte della scrittura della lingua giapponese, oltre che essere una sua peculiarità. I 2136 kanji della lista di jōyō kanji sono obbligatori da studiare nell'istruzione superiore e sono necessari per scrivere a mano in modo fluente. La conoscenza di questi stessi caratteri rende la lettura molto scorrevole. La composizione di una parola sino-giapponese è poi facilmente spiegabile e memorizzabile se si guardano i kanji con cui è composta: per esempio, le parole "gakko", "gakusei" e "daigaku" significano "scuola", "studente" e "università", si scrivono 学校, 学生 e 大学 e hanno in comune le sillabe "gaku", che sono la pronuncia del sinogramma 学. Questo carattere indica il concetto di "studio, studiare" e disambigua la comunanza di concetto tra le tre parole. Uno studio filologico dei caratteri in base alle varietà di scrittura arcaiche (la varietà più antica può risalire anche ai gusci di tartaruga e ai vasi di bronzo Zhou) indica anche come mai il carattere si disegna in questo modo: la versione originale, 學, indica un bambino in fasce 子 con sopra due mani che manipolano i listelli di bambù di un abaco. La pronuncia in cinese moderno è "xue2", totalmente diversa, ma in Primo Cinese Medio secondo Baxter, 2011, si pronunciava *haewk, da cui è facile ottenere e imparare "gaku" e la versione coreana, 학 (hak). Questi kanji sono necessari agli stranieri sia per apprendere la lingua giapponese, sia per superare la certificazione linguistica ufficiale della lingua giapponese, detta JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) e suddivisa in 5 livelli di difficoltà crescente (il numero 5 è quello più semplice, corrispondente a un A1 secondo il sistema CEFR). Questo test è affiancato da un ulteriore test dedicato ai soli kanji e diviso per livelli, detto Kanji Test. I kanji, siccome sono sinogrammi con una semplificazione abbastanza marginale, sono anche utili per capire il cinese, soprattutto quando è scritto in caratteri tradizionali. Pertanto, la conoscenza dei kanji rende l'apprendimento della scrittura cinese meno gravosa, dal momento che tutti i caratteri eccetto i kokuji sono in comune e/o sono affiancati da una nuova versione da apprendere, che tuttavia consiste in una semplificazione. Lo stesso ragionamento vale al contrario, se si immagina un parlante straniero o nativo di lingua cinese che desidera imparare il giapponese a partire dai kanji del JLPT o Kanji Test e dal lessico sino-giapponese. Un ragionamento analogo si può fare in entrambe le direzioni se l'apprendente conosce già gli hanja coreani (lessico sino-coreano, che forma il 57% del lessico coreano) e gli han tu' vietnamiti (lessico sino-vietnamita): chi li conosce può approdare con un vantaggio iniziale al lessico sino-giapponese e viceversa, poiché conosce già dei caratteri, l'ordine dei tratti, delle informazioni sulla pronuncia (con enfasi sulle caratteristiche appartenenti al Primo Cinese Medio) e conosce già i 214 Radicali Kangxi, con cui i sinogrammi si interpretano, ricercano e memorizzano. Queste conoscenze base aiutano anche nella memorizzazione e scrittura dei caratteri nazionali, siano essi kokuji giapponesi, gukja coreani o quoc tu' vietnamiti. La pronuncia dei kanji permette inoltre di ricostruire la varietà del Primo Cinese Medio, da cui si ricava la pronuncia dei kanji stessi, degli hanja coreani e degli han tu' vietnamiti, dal momento che le loro pronunce sono piuttosto conservative (in particolare, lo sono quella coreana e vietnamita). In altre parole, ritengono molte caratteristiche del Primo Cinese Medio che, nel cinese moderno standard/putonghua, si sono perse ma che sono rintracciabili dai prestiti e da dialetti conservativi come il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_cantonese" title="Lingua cantonese">cantonese</a>, lo shanghainese e i dialetti del gruppo <a href="/wiki/Minnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnan">Minnan</a>. Per esempio, dal giapponese si può rintracciare *-t (oggi palatizzatosi in "chi" o modificatosi in "tsu", anticamente pronunciati *ti e *tu dai giapponesi) e *-k. Da un allungamento vocalico, si riottiene la coda nasale -ng, conservata in coreano e cinese moderno e, dalle iniziali del giapponese, si possono pure rintracciare molte consonanti che non si sono palatalizzate in cinese moderno, che si basa sulla varietà di Pechino (e non di Nanchino, in cui non era avvenuta la palatalizzazione). Per esempio, 京 si pronuncia "kyoo" e con questo sinogramma, che indica la capitale, si scrive 北京, cioè "Beijing" (Pechino). La consonante si è palatalizzata ma, dal giapponese (come anche dal coreano e dal vietnamita), si ricava che la consonante era velare e non palatale. La stessa pronuncia in inglese e italiano, Peking e Pechino, indica questa caratteristica. I kanji, insieme agli hanja, han tu' e al dialetto cantonese (conserva gli stop *-p, *-t, *-k e il suono nasale *-m) e shanghainese sono tappe obbligatorie per lo studio del Primo Cinese Medio (viceversa, la conoscenza della pronuncia di un sinogramma in Primo Cinese Medio spiega la pronuncia sino-xenica). Ai kanji, si affianca lo studio della pronuncia storica in base ai furigana, tale per cui si ripescano le sillabe obsolete ゐ/ヰ wi e ゑ/ヱ we, che sono molto preziose per ricostruire e trascrivere dei dittonghi derivati dal Primo Cinese Medio, conservati nelle lingue sino-xeniche e spariti nel giapponese moderno. Infine, i kanji sono utilizzati da amatori e professionisti nella produzione di calligrafie artistiche, che si possono realizzare con una moltitudine di stili. Per esempio, nello stile a filo d'erba, i caratteri si scrivono con una grafia corsiva e senza discontinuità tra un tratto e l'altro, siccome l'inchiostro sciolto nella scodella viene fortemente diluito con l'acqua. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tavola_dei_kanji_JLPT1-4_con_pronuncia_sino-xenica_e_in_Primo_Cinese_Medio">Tavola dei kanji JLPT1-4 con pronuncia sino-xenica e in Primo Cinese Medio</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Tavola dei kanji JLPT1-4 con pronuncia sino-xenica e in Primo Cinese Medio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Tavola dei kanji JLPT1-4 con pronuncia sino-xenica e in Primo Cinese Medio">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> La tabella, dotata di una pulsantiera, raccoglie tutti i kanji dei primi quattro livelli del JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test; 1 indica qui il livello A1). Accanto a loro, è indicata la pronuncia in giapponese (katakana +latinizzazione roomaji con il sistema Hepburn e l'allungamento vocalico segnalato come "ou" per mettere in mostra la trascrizione di un dittongo o del suono nasale velare "ng" in cinese). Accanto alla pronuncia in giapponese, è indicata la pronuncia in <a href="/wiki/Cinese_medio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinese medio">Primo Cinese Medio</a> (Baxter, 2011), basata sulla ricostruzione della fonetica di un noto rimario detto Guangyun. Questa pronuncia, insieme al dialetto cantonese e al coreano moderno (e vietnamita, non presente), mostra delle informazioni sulla pronuncia arcaica. Laddove esistono più pronunce giapponesi, sono state selezionate quelle più vicine alla pronuncia del Primo Cinese Medio (sono perlopiù le go-on e le kan-on; le tousou-on sono in ogni caso scartate insieme alle kan'you-on in svariati casi). Dai dizionari arcaici o opere glossate con il <a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">furigana</a> e i ruby characters, conservate e digitalizzate, si possono estrapolare le pronunce nelle varietà più arcaiche delle lingue sino-xeniche/della sinosfera (le interpretazioni). Infine, nella tabella è disponibile anche la pronuncia in cinese moderno standard/putonghua traslitterata con il pinyin e la versione semplificata dei kanji usata in cinese moderno, che rende alcuni kanji più riconoscibili. Nel Guangyun, un piccolo numero di caratteri è irreperibile. Nella lista, sono presenti due kokuji. Tutti quelli in *ny- hanno in giapponese una versione che inizia per j- palatale, che si pronunciava *z- /d͡z/. Se si vuole affiancare la lista di kanji a una ricostruzione filologica dell'origine del sinogramma e del suo significato originale con preambolo, è disponibile una <a href="/wiki/Ricostruzione_filologica_dei_sinogrammi_pi%C3%B9_diffusi" title="Ricostruzione filologica dei sinogrammi più diffusi">ricostruzione filologica dei sinogrammi sia cinesi che usati dai giapponesi presenti nell'HSK4 (B2) integrale</a>, a cui si aggiungono i <a href="/wiki/Radicali_Kangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicali Kangxi">radicali Kangxi</a>, che idealmente sono preliminari alla loro analisi, memorizzazione e scrittura. Il <a href="/wiki/Primo_Cinese_Medio" class="mw-redirect" title="Primo Cinese Medio">Primo Cinese Medio</a>, derivato dall'Old Chinese/<a href="/wiki/Cinese_antico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinese antico">cinese antico</a>, completa il quadro perché spiega la pronuncia sino-giapponese, delle altre lingue sino-xeniche, dei dialetti cinesi meridionali e le differenze con la pronuncia cinese moderna. Laddove la pronuncia in Primo Cinese Medio non è disponibile per un qualche motivo, viene indicata la pronuncia con il fanqie, preso in quasi tutti i casi dalla glossatura dello Shuowen Jiezi di Xu Xuan. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>级 </th> <th>Kanji 漢字 +简体 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a> e <a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dmaji" title="Rōmaji">Romaji</a> カタカナ , ローマ字 (on'yomi 音読み) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a> 韓國語 (hangeul) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lingua_cantonese" title="Lingua cantonese">Cantonese</a> 广东话 (Jyutping) 粤拼 </th> <th>Han tu' (漢字) <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chu' Nom</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cinese_medio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinese medio">Primo cinese medio</a> (Baxter, 2011) 中古汉语 </th> <th>*-p/t/k *-m/ŋ -n </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> 拼音 (cifra-tono) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>一 </td> <td>イチ ichi </td> <td>일 </td> <td>jat1 </td> <td>nhất (irr.) </td> <td>'jit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>yi1 +sandhi </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>七 </td> <td>シチ shichi </td> <td>칠 </td> <td>cat1 </td> <td>thất </td> <td>tshit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>qi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>萬, 万 </td> <td>モン mon バン ban マン man </td> <td>만 </td> <td>maan6 </td> <td>vạn </td> <td>mjonH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>三 </td> <td>サン san < サム samu </td> <td>삼 </td> <td>saam1 </td> <td>tam, tám, tạm </td> <td>sam(H) </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>san1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>上 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ジヤウ zyau ショウ shou < シヤウ syau </td> <td>상 </td> <td>soeng5 </td> <td>thướng, thượng </td> <td>dzyangH, dzyangX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>shang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>下 (丅) </td> <td>ゲ ge カ ka </td> <td>하 </td> <td>haa6 </td> <td>há, hạ </td> <td>haeH, haeX </td> <td> </td> <td>xia4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>中 </td> <td>チュウ chuu </td> <td>중 </td> <td>zung1 </td> <td>trung, trúng </td> <td>trjuwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zhong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>九 </td> <td>キュウ kyuu </td> <td>구 </td> <td>gau2 </td> <td>cưu, cửu </td> <td>kjuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>jiu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>二 </td> <td>ニ ni </td> <td>이 </td> <td>ji6 </td> <td>nhị </td> <td>nyijH </td> <td> </td> <td>er4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>五 </td> <td>ゴ go </td> <td>오 </td> <td>ng5 </td> <td>ngũ </td> <td>nguX </td> <td> </td> <td>wu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>人 </td> <td>ニン nin </td> <td>인 </td> <td>jan4 </td> <td>nhân, nhơn </td> <td>nyin </td> <td> </td> <td>ren2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>今 </td> <td>キン kin < キム kimu コン kon < コム komu </td> <td>금 </td> <td>gam1 </td> <td>kim </td> <td>kim </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>jin1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>休 </td> <td>キュウ kyuu </td> <td>휴 </td> <td>jau1 </td> <td>hu, hưu </td> <td>xjuw </td> <td> </td> <td>xiu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>何 </td> <td>ガ ga カ ka </td> <td>하 </td> <td>ho4 </td> <td>hà </td> <td>ha </td> <td> </td> <td>he2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>先 </td> <td>セン sen </td> <td>선 </td> <td>sin1 </td> <td>tiên, tiến </td> <td>sen(H) </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xian1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>入 </td> <td>ニュウ nyuu < ニフ nifu </td> <td>입 </td> <td>jap6 </td> <td>nhập </td> <td>nyip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>ru4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>八 (丷) </td> <td>ハチ hachi </td> <td>팔 </td> <td>baat3 </td> <td>bát </td> <td>peat </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>ba1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>六 </td> <td>ロク roku リク riku </td> <td>륙, 육 </td> <td>luk6 </td> <td>lục </td> <td>ljuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>liu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>円, 圆 < 圓 </td> <td>エン en < ヱン wen </td> <td>원 </td> <td>jyun4 </td> <td>viên </td> <td>hjwen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yuan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>出 </td> <td>シュツ shutsu (< syuti) </td> <td>출 </td> <td>ceot1 </td> <td>xuý, xuất </td> <td>tsyhwit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>chu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>北 </td> <td>ホク hoku </td> <td>북 </td> <td>bak1 </td> <td>bắc </td> <td>pok </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>bei3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>十 </td> <td>ジュウ juu < ジフ jifu ジッ ji +tensificazione </td> <td>십 </td> <td>sap6 </td> <td>thập </td> <td>dzyip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>shi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>千 </td> <td>セン sen </td> <td>천 </td> <td>cin1 </td> <td>thiên </td> <td>tshen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>qian1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>午 </td> <td>ゴ go </td> <td>오 </td> <td>ng5 </td> <td>ngọ </td> <td>nguX </td> <td> </td> <td>wu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>半 </td> <td>ハン han </td> <td>반 </td> <td>bun3 </td> <td>bán </td> <td>panH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ban4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>南 </td> <td>ナン nan < ナム namu </td> <td>남 </td> <td>naam4 </td> <td>nam </td> <td>nom </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>nan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>友 </td> <td>ユウ yuu </td> <td>우 </td> <td>jau5 </td> <td>hữu </td> <td>hjuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>you3, you5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>右 </td> <td>ユウ yuu </td> <td>우 </td> <td>jau6 </td> <td>hữu </td> <td>hjuwH </td> <td> </td> <td>you4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>名 </td> <td>メイ mei ミョウ myou </td> <td>명 </td> <td>ming4 </td> <td>danh (irr.) </td> <td>mjieng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ming2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>四 (亖) </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>사 </td> <td>sei3 </td> <td>tứ </td> <td>sijH </td> <td> </td> <td>si4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>国 < 國 (囯) </td> <td>コク koku </td> <td>국 </td> <td>gwok3 </td> <td>quốc </td> <td>kwok </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>guo2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>土 </td> <td>ド do ト to </td> <td>토 </td> <td>tou2 </td> <td>thổ </td> <td>thuX, duX </td> <td> </td> <td>tu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>外 </td> <td>ガイ gai < グワイ gwai </td> <td>외 </td> <td>ngoi6 </td> <td>ngoại </td> <td>ngwajH </td> <td> </td> <td>wai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>大 </td> <td>ダイ dai タイ tai ダ da </td> <td>대, 다 </td> <td>daai6 </td> <td>thái, đại </td> <td>dajH; daH </td> <td> </td> <td>dai4; da4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>天 </td> <td>テン ten </td> <td>천 </td> <td>tin1 </td> <td>thiên </td> <td>then </td> <td>-n </td> <td>tian1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>女 </td> <td>ニョ nyo </td> <td>녀, 여 </td> <td>neoi5 </td> <td>nhữ, nứ, nữ, nự </td> <td>nrjoX </td> <td> </td> <td>nv3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>子 </td> <td>シ shi ツ tsu </td> <td>자 </td> <td>zi2 </td> <td>tí, tý, tử </td> <td>tsiX </td> <td> </td> <td>zi3, zi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>学 < 學 </td> <td>ガク gaku </td> <td>학 </td> <td>hok6 </td> <td>học </td> <td>haewk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>xue2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>小 </td> <td>ショウ shou < セウ seu </td> <td>소 </td> <td>siu2 </td> <td>tiểu </td> <td>sjewX </td> <td> </td> <td>xiao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>山 </td> <td>サン san セン sen </td> <td>산 </td> <td>saan1 </td> <td>san, sơn </td> <td>srean </td> <td>-n </td> <td>shan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>川 (巛) </td> <td>セン sen </td> <td>천 </td> <td>cyun1 </td> <td>xuyên </td> <td>tsyhwen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>chuan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>左 </td> <td>サ sa </td> <td>좌 </td> <td>zo2 </td> <td>tá, tả </td> <td>tsaH, tsaX </td> <td> </td> <td>zuo3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>年 </td> <td>ネン nen </td> <td>년, 연 </td> <td>nin4 </td> <td>niên </td> <td>nen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>nian2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>後, 后 </td> <td>ゴ go </td> <td>후 </td> <td>hau6 </td> <td>hấu, hậu </td> <td>huwX, huwH </td> <td> </td> <td>hou4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>日 </td> <td>ニチ nichi </td> <td>일 </td> <td>jat6 </td> <td>nhật, nhựt </td> <td>nyit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>ri4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>時, 时 </td> <td>ジ ji </td> <td>시 </td> <td>si4 </td> <td>thì </td> <td>dzyi </td> <td> </td> <td>shi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>書, 书 </td> <td>ショ sho </td> <td>서 </td> <td>syu1 </td> <td>thư </td> <td>syo </td> <td> </td> <td>shu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>月 </td> <td>ゲツ getsu < グヱツ gwetu ガツ gatsu < グワツ gwatu </td> <td>월 </td> <td>jyut6 </td> <td>nguyệt </td> <td>ngjwot </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>yue4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>木 </td> <td>モク moku </td> <td>목 </td> <td>muk6 </td> <td>mộc </td> <td>muwk </td> <td> </td> <td>mu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>本 </td> <td>ホン hon ("pon" in "Nippon") </td> <td>본 </td> <td>bun2 </td> <td>bôn, bản, bổn </td> <td>pwonX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ben3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>来 < 來 </td> <td>ライ rai </td> <td>래, 내 </td> <td>loi4 </td> <td>lai, lãi </td> <td>loj </td> <td> </td> <td>lai2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>東, 东 </td> <td>トウ tou </td> <td>동 </td> <td>dung1 </td> <td>đông </td> <td>tuwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>dong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>校 </td> <td>コウ kou ギョウ gyou </td> <td>교 </td> <td>gaau3 </td> <td>hiệu, hào </td> <td>haewH </td> <td> </td> <td>xiao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>母 </td> <td>ボ bo </td> <td>모 </td> <td>mou5 </td> <td>mô, mẫu </td> <td>muwX </td> <td> </td> <td>mu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>毎 (每) </td> <td>マイ mai </td> <td>매 </td> <td>mui5 </td> <td>mỗi </td> <td>mwoj(H), mwojX </td> <td> </td> <td>mei3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>気, 气 < 氣 </td> <td>キ ki ケ ke </td> <td>기 </td> <td>hei3 </td> <td>khí </td> <td>khj+jH </td> <td> </td> <td>qi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>水 </td> <td>スイ sui </td> <td>수 </td> <td>seoi2 </td> <td>thuỷ </td> <td>sywijX </td> <td> </td> <td>shui3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>火 </td> <td>カ ka </td> <td>화 </td> <td>fo2 </td> <td>hoả </td> <td>xwaX </td> <td> </td> <td>huo3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>父 </td> <td>フ fu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu6 </td> <td>phụ, phủ </td> <td>bjuX </td> <td> </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>生 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou </td> <td>생 </td> <td>saang1 </td> <td>sanh, sinh </td> <td>sraeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>sheng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>男 </td> <td>ナン nan < ナム namu </td> <td>남 </td> <td>naam4 </td> <td>nam </td> <td>nom </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>nan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>白 </td> <td>ハク haku ビャク byaku </td> <td>백 </td> <td>baak6 </td> <td>bạch </td> <td>baek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>bai2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>聞, 闻 </td> <td>モン mon ブン bun </td> <td>문 </td> <td>man4 </td> <td>văn, vấn, vặn </td> <td>mjun </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wen2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>行 </td> <td>ゴウ gou < ガウ gau ギョウ gyou < ギヤウ gyau </td> <td>행 </td> <td>hang4 </td> <td>hàng, hành </td> <td>hang, hangH > hang2 haeng(H) > xing2 </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>hang2, xing2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>西 </td> <td>セイ sei </td> <td>서 </td> <td>sai1 </td> <td>tây, tê </td> <td>sej </td> <td> </td> <td>xi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>見, 见 </td> <td>ケン ken </td> <td>견 </td> <td>gin3 </td> <td>kiến, hiện </td> <td>keanH, kenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>話, 话 </td> <td>ワ wa カイ kai </td> <td>화 </td> <td>waa6 </td> <td>thoại </td> <td>hwaejH </td> <td> </td> <td>hua4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>語, 语 </td> <td>ゴ go ギョ gyo </td> <td>어 </td> <td>jyu5 </td> <td>ngứ, ngữ, ngự </td> <td>ngjoX </td> <td> </td> <td>yu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>読, 读 < 讀 </td> <td>ドク doku トク toku </td> <td>독, 두 </td> <td>duk6 </td> <td>độ </td> <td>duwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>du2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>車 < 车 </td> <td>シャ sha </td> <td>차 </td> <td>ce1 </td> <td>xa (irr.) </td> <td>tsyhae </td> <td> </td> <td>che1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>金 </td> <td>キン kin < キム kimu </td> <td>김, 금 </td> <td>gam1 </td> <td>kim </td> <td>kim </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>jin1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>長 < 长 </td> <td>チョウ chou </td> <td>장 </td> <td>coeng4 </td> <td>tràng, trướng </td> <td>drjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zhang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>間 < 间 </td> <td>カン kan ケン ken </td> <td>간 </td> <td>gaan1 </td> <td>gian, gián </td> <td>kean </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jian1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>雨 </td> <td>ウ u </td> <td>우 </td> <td>jyu5 </td> <td>vú, vũ, vụ </td> <td>hjuX </td> <td> </td> <td>yu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>電 < 电 </td> <td>デン den </td> <td>전 </td> <td>din6 </td> <td>điện </td> <td>denH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>dian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>食 </td> <td>ジキ jiki ショク shoku </td> <td>식 </td> <td>sik6 </td> <td>thực </td> <td>zyik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>shi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>高 (髙) </td> <td>コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>고 </td> <td>gou1 </td> <td>cao </td> <td>kaw </td> <td> </td> <td>gao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>不 </td> <td>フ fu ふつ futsu </td> <td>부, 불 </td> <td>bat1 </td> <td>bưu, bất </td> <td>pjuw (+versione in *-t) </td> <td>(*-t) </td> <td>bu4 +sandhi </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>世 (丗) </td> <td>セイ sei </td> <td>세 </td> <td>sai3 </td> <td>thế </td> <td>syejH </td> <td> </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>主 </td> <td>シュ shu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zyu2 </td> <td>chủ, chúa </td> <td>tsyuX </td> <td> </td> <td>zhu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>事 </td> <td>ジ ji ズ zu </td> <td>사 </td> <td>si6 </td> <td>sự </td> <td>dzriH </td> <td> </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>京 </td> <td>キョウ kyou < キヤウ kyau ケイ kei </td> <td>경 </td> <td>ging1 </td> <td>kinh </td> <td>kjaeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>仕 </td> <td>シ shi ジ ji </td> <td>사 </td> <td>si6 </td> <td>sĩ </td> <td>dzriX </td> <td> </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>代 </td> <td>ダイ dai タイ tai </td> <td>대 </td> <td>doi6 </td> <td>đại </td> <td>dojH </td> <td> </td> <td>dai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>以 </td> <td>イ i </td> <td>이 </td> <td>ji5 </td> <td>dĩ </td> <td>yiX </td> <td> </td> <td>yi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>会 < 會 </td> <td>カイ kai < クワイ kwai </td> <td>회 </td> <td>wui2 </td> <td>cối, hội </td> <td>hwajH > hui4 kwajH > kuai4 </td> <td> </td> <td>hui4, kuai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>住 </td> <td>ジュウ juu < ヂユウ dyuu チュウ chuu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zyu6 </td> <td>trú, trụ </td> <td>drjuH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>体 < 體 </td> <td>タイ tai テイ tei </td> <td>체 </td> <td>tai2 </td> <td>thể </td> <td>(他禮切) </td> <td> </td> <td>ti3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>作 </td> <td>サク saku </td> <td>작 </td> <td>zok3 </td> <td>tác </td> <td>tsak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zuo4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>使 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>사 </td> <td>sai2 </td> <td>sứ, sử </td> <td>sriH, sriX </td> <td> </td> <td>shi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>借 </td> <td>シャク shaku セキ seki </td> <td>차 </td> <td>ze3 </td> <td>tá </td> <td>tsjaeH, tsjek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>jie4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>元 </td> <td>ゲン gen < グヱン gwen ガン gan < グヮン gwan </td> <td>원 </td> <td>jyun4 </td> <td>nguyên </td> <td>ngjwon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yuan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>兄 </td> <td>ケイ kei < クヱイ kwei キョウ kyou < キヤウ kyau </td> <td>형 </td> <td>hing1 </td> <td>huynh, huống </td> <td>xjwaeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xiong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>公 </td> <td>コウ kou </td> <td>공 </td> <td>gung1 </td> <td>công </td> <td>kuwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>gong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>写 < 寫 </td> <td>シャ sha </td> <td>사 </td> <td>se2 </td> <td>tả </td> <td>sjaeX </td> <td> </td> <td>xie3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>冬 < 鼕 </td> <td>トウ tou </td> <td>동 </td> <td>dung1 </td> <td>đông </td> <td>towng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>dong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>切 </td> <td>セツ setsu </td> <td>절 </td> <td>cit3 </td> <td>thiết </td> <td>tshet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>qie1, qie4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>別, 别 </td> <td>ベツ betsu </td> <td>별 </td> <td>bit6 </td> <td>biệt </td> <td>bjet, pjet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>bie2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>力 </td> <td>リキ riki リョク ryoku </td> <td>력, 역 </td> <td>lik6 </td> <td>lực </td> <td>lik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>li4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>勉 </td> <td>メン men ベン ben </td> <td>면 </td> <td>min5 </td> <td>miễn, mẫn </td> <td>mjenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>mian3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>動, 动 </td> <td>ドウ dou </td> <td>동 </td> <td>dung6 </td> <td>động </td> <td>duwngX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>dong4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>医 </td> <td>イ i </td> <td>의 </td> <td>ji1 </td> <td>y, ế </td> <td>'ejH </td> <td> </td> <td>yi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>去 </td> <td>キョ kyo コ ko </td> <td>거 </td> <td>heoi3 </td> <td>khu, khứ, khử </td> <td>khjoH, khjoX </td> <td> </td> <td>qu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>口 </td> <td>コウ kou ク ku </td> <td>구 </td> <td>hau2 </td> <td>khẩu </td> <td>khuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>kou3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>古 </td> <td>コ ko </td> <td>고 </td> <td>gu2 </td> <td>cổ </td> <td>kuX </td> <td> </td> <td>gu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>台 </td> <td>ダイ dai タイ tai </td> <td>태 </td> <td>toi4 </td> <td>thai, đài </td> <td>doj, thoj </td> <td> </td> <td>tai2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>同 </td> <td>ドウ dou </td> <td>동 </td> <td>tung4 </td> <td>đồng </td> <td>duwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>tong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>味 </td> <td>ミ mi ビ bi </td> <td>미 </td> <td>mei6 </td> <td>vị </td> <td>mj+jH </td> <td> </td> <td>wei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>品 </td> <td>ヒン hin ホン hon </td> <td>품 </td> <td>ban2 </td> <td>phẩm </td> <td>phimX </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>pin3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>員, 员 </td> <td>エン en < ヱン wen イン in < ヰン win </td> <td>원 </td> <td>jyun4 </td> <td>viên, vân </td> <td>hjwen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yuan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>問, 问 </td> <td>モン mon </td> <td>문 </td> <td>man6 </td> <td>vấn </td> <td>mjunH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wen4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>図, 图 < 圖 </td> <td>ズ zu < ヅ tu ト to </td> <td>도 </td> <td>tou4 </td> <td>đồ </td> <td>du </td> <td> </td> <td>tu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>地 </td> <td>ジ ji チ chi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>dei6 </td> <td>địa </td> <td>dijH </td> <td> </td> <td>di4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>堂 </td> <td>ドウ dou < ダウ dau トウ tou < タウ tau </td> <td>당 </td> <td>tong4 </td> <td>đàng, đường </td> <td>dang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>tang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>場, 场 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ヂヤウ dyau チョウ chou < チヤウ tyau </td> <td>장 </td> <td>coeng4 </td> <td>tràng, trường </td> <td>(直良切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>chang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>売, 卖 < 賣 </td> <td>メ me バイ bai </td> <td>매 </td> <td>maai6 </td> <td>mại </td> <td>meaH </td> <td> </td> <td>mai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>夏 </td> <td>ガ ga ゲ ge カ ka </td> <td>하 </td> <td>haa6 </td> <td>giá, giạ, hạ </td> <td>haeH </td> <td> </td> <td>xia4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>夕 </td> <td>セキ seki </td> <td>석 </td> <td>zik6 </td> <td>tịch </td> <td>zjek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>xi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>多 </td> <td>タ ta </td> <td>다 </td> <td>do1 </td> <td>đa </td> <td>ta </td> <td> </td> <td>duo1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>夜 </td> <td>ヤ ya </td> <td>야 </td> <td>je6 </td> <td>dạ </td> <td>yaeH </td> <td> </td> <td>ye4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>妹 </td> <td>マイ mai </td> <td>매 </td> <td>mui6 </td> <td>muội </td> <td>mwojH </td> <td> </td> <td>mei4, mei5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>姉 < 姊, 姊 (oggi 姐 jie3, jie5) </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>자 (姐, 저) </td> <td>zi2 </td> <td>tỉ, tỷ </td> <td>tsijX </td> <td> </td> <td>zi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>始 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>시 </td> <td>ci2 </td> <td>thí, thỉ, thuỷ </td> <td>syiX </td> <td> </td> <td>shi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>字 </td> <td>ジ ji (< zi) </td> <td>자 </td> <td>zi6 </td> <td>tự </td> <td>dziH </td> <td> </td> <td>zi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>安 </td> <td>アン an </td> <td>안 </td> <td>on1 </td> <td>an </td> <td>'an </td> <td>-n </td> <td>an1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>室 </td> <td>シツ shitsu </td> <td>실 </td> <td>sat1 </td> <td>thất </td> <td>syit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>家 </td> <td>カ ka ケ ke </td> <td>가 </td> <td>gaa1 </td> <td>cô, gia </td> <td>kae </td> <td> </td> <td>jia1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>少 </td> <td>ショウ shou < セウ seu </td> <td>소 </td> <td>siu2 (poco) siu3 (giovane) </td> <td>thiếu, thiểu </td> <td>syewX </td> <td> </td> <td>shao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>屋 </td> <td>オク oku < ヲク woku </td> <td>옥 </td> <td>uk1 </td> <td>ốc </td> <td>'uwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>wu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>工 </td> <td>コウ kou </td> <td>공 </td> <td>gung1 </td> <td>công </td> <td>kuwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>gong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>帰 < 歸, 归 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>귀 </td> <td>gwai1 </td> <td>quy, quý </td> <td>kjw+j </td> <td> </td> <td>gui1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>広, 广 < 廣 </td> <td>コウ kou < クワウ kwau </td> <td>광 </td> <td>gwong2 </td> <td>quáng, quảng </td> <td>kwangH, kwangX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>guang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>店 </td> <td>テン ten < テム temu </td> <td>점 </td> <td>dim3 </td> <td>điếm </td> <td>temH </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>dian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>度 </td> <td>ド do ダク daku ト to タク taku </td> <td>도, 탁 </td> <td>dok6 </td> <td>đạc, độ </td> <td>duH </td> <td> </td> <td>du4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>建 </td> <td>コン kon ケン ken </td> <td>건 </td> <td>gin3 </td> <td>kiến, kiển </td> <td>kjonH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>弟 </td> <td>テイ tei ダイ dai </td> <td>제 </td> <td>dai6 </td> <td>đễ, đệ </td> <td>dejH </td> <td> </td> <td>di4, di5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>強, 强 </td> <td>キョウ kyou < キヤウ kyau ゴウ gou < ガウ gau </td> <td>강 </td> <td>koeng4 </td> <td>cường, cưỡng </td> <td>gjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>qiang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>待 </td> <td>タイ tai </td> <td>대 </td> <td>doi6 </td> <td>đãi </td> <td>dojX </td> <td> </td> <td>dai4, dai1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>心 </td> <td>シン shin < シム simu </td> <td>심 </td> <td>sam1 </td> <td>tâm </td> <td>sim </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>xin1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>思 (恖) </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>사 </td> <td>si1 </td> <td>tư, tứ, tai </td> <td>si </td> <td> </td> <td>si1, si5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>急 </td> <td>キュウ kyuu < キフ kifu コウ kou < コフ kofu </td> <td>급 </td> <td>gap1 </td> <td>cấp </td> <td>kip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>ji2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>悪 < 惡, 恶 </td> <td>アク aku オ o </td> <td>악 </td> <td>ok3 </td> <td>ác </td> <td>'ak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>e4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>意 </td> <td>イ i </td> <td>의 </td> <td>ji3 </td> <td>y, ý </td> <td>'iH </td> <td> </td> <td>yi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>手 </td> <td>シュ shu (< syu) ズ zu </td> <td>수 </td> <td>sau2 </td> <td>thủ </td> <td>syuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>shou3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>持 </td> <td>ジ ji < ヂ di </td> <td>지 </td> <td>ci4 </td> <td>trì </td> <td>dri </td> <td> </td> <td>chi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>教 </td> <td>キョウ kyou < ケウ keu </td> <td>교 </td> <td>gaau3 </td> <td>giao, giáo </td> <td>(古孝切) </td> <td> </td> <td>jiao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>文 </td> <td>モン mon ブン bun </td> <td>문 </td> <td>man4 </td> <td>văn, vấn </td> <td>mjun </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wen2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>料 </td> <td>リョウ ryou < レウ reu </td> <td>료, 요 </td> <td>liu2 </td> <td>liêu, liệu </td> <td>lewH </td> <td> </td> <td>liao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>新 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>신 </td> <td>san1 </td> <td>tân </td> <td>sin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xin1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>方 </td> <td>ホウ hou < ハウ fau </td> <td>방 </td> <td>fong1 </td> <td>bàng </td> <td>pjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>fang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>旅 </td> <td>リョ ryo </td> <td>려, 여 </td> <td>leoi5 </td> <td>lữ </td> <td>ljoX </td> <td> </td> <td>lv3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>族 </td> <td>ゾク zoku </td> <td>족 </td> <td>zuk6 </td> <td>tộc </td> <td>dzuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>早 </td> <td>ソウ sou </td> <td>조 </td> <td>zou2 </td> <td>tảo </td> <td>tsawX </td> <td> </td> <td>zao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>明 </td> <td>メイ mei ミョウ myou </td> <td>명 </td> <td>ming4 </td> <td>minh </td> <td>mjaeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ming2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>映 </td> <td>ヨウ you < ヤウ yau エイ ei </td> <td>영 </td> <td>jing2 </td> <td>ánh </td> <td>(於敬切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ying2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>春 </td> <td>シュン shun </td> <td>춘 </td> <td>ceon1 </td> <td>xuân (irr.) </td> <td>tsyhwin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>chun1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>昼 < 晝 </td> <td>チュウ chuu < チウ tiu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zau3 </td> <td>trú </td> <td>trjuwH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhou4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>曜 </td> <td>ヨウ you < 𛀁う/イェウ yeu </td> <td>요 </td> <td>jiu6 </td> <td>diệu </td> <td>yewH </td> <td> </td> <td>yao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>有 </td> <td>ユウ yuu </td> <td>유 </td> <td>jau5 </td> <td>hữu, hựu, dựu </td> <td>hjuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>you3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>服 </td> <td>フク fuku </td> <td>복 </td> <td>fuk6 </td> <td>phục </td> <td>bjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>fu2, fu5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>朝 </td> <td>チョウ chou < テウ teu </td> <td>조 </td> <td>ziu1 </td> <td>triêu, triều, trào </td> <td>drjew </td> <td> </td> <td>chao2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>業, 业 </td> <td>ギョウ gyou < ゲフ gefu ゴウ gou < ゴフ gofu </td> <td>업 </td> <td>jip6 </td> <td>nghiệp </td> <td>ngjaep </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>ye4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>楽, 乐 < 樂 </td> <td>ラク raku ガク gaku </td> <td>락, 낙, 악 </td> <td>lok6 </td> <td>lạc, nhạc </td> <td>lak > le4 ngaewk > yue4 </td> <td> </td> <td>le4, yue4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>歌 </td> <td>カ ka </td> <td>가 </td> <td>go1 </td> <td>ca </td> <td>ka </td> <td> </td> <td>ge1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>止 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>zi2 </td> <td>chi, chỉ </td> <td>tsyiX </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>正 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou < シヤウ syau </td> <td>정 </td> <td>zeng3, zing3 </td> <td>chinh, chính </td> <td>tsyeng(H) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zheng4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>步 </td> <td>フ fu ブ bu </td> <td>보 </td> <td>bou6 </td> <td>bộ </td> <td>buH </td> <td> </td> <td>bu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>死 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>사 </td> <td>sei2 </td> <td>tử </td> <td>sijX </td> <td> </td> <td>si3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>注 </td> <td>チュウ chuu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zyu3 </td> <td>chú </td> <td>trjuH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>海 </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>해 </td> <td>hoi2 </td> <td>hải </td> <td>xojX </td> <td> </td> <td>hai3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>漢, 汉 </td> <td>カン kan </td> <td>한 </td> <td>hon3 </td> <td>hán </td> <td>xanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>han4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>牛 </td> <td>ギュウ gyuu </td> <td>우 </td> <td>ngau4 </td> <td>ngưu </td> <td>ngjuw </td> <td> </td> <td>niu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>物 </td> <td>モツ motsu ブツ butsu </td> <td>물 </td> <td>mat6 </td> <td>vật </td> <td>mjut </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>wu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>特 </td> <td>トク toku </td> <td>특 </td> <td>dak6 </td> <td>đặc </td> <td>dok </td> <td> </td> <td>te4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>犬 </td> <td>ケン ken < クヱン kwen </td> <td>견 </td> <td>hyun2 </td> <td>khuyển </td> <td>khwenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>quan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>理 </td> <td>リ ri </td> <td>리, 이 </td> <td>lei5 </td> <td>lí, lý </td> <td>liX </td> <td> </td> <td>li3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>用 </td> <td>ヨウ you </td> <td>용 </td> <td>jung6 </td> <td>dụng </td> <td>yowngH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>yong4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>田 </td> <td>デン den </td> <td>전 </td> <td>tin4 </td> <td>điền </td> <td>den(H) </td> <td>-n </td> <td>tian2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>町 </td> <td>チョウ chou < チヤウ tyau テイ tei </td> <td>정 </td> <td>ting2 </td> <td>đinh, đỉnh </td> <td>dengX, thengX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ting3, ding1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>画 </td> <td>ガ ga カク kaku </td> <td>화, 획 </td> <td>waa2 (disegno) waak6 (disegnare) </td> <td>hoạ; hoạch </td> <td>hweaH > ga hweak > kaku </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>hua4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>界 </td> <td>カイ kai ケ ke </td> <td>계 </td> <td>gaai3 </td> <td>giới </td> <td>keajH </td> <td> </td> <td>jie4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>病 </td> <td>ヘイ hei ビョウ byou </td> <td>병 </td> <td>beng6 </td> <td>bệnh </td> <td>pjiengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>bing4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>発 cioè 发 < 發 (发 < 髮 indica i capelli) </td> <td>ホツ hotsu ハツ hatsu </td> <td>발 </td> <td>faat3 </td> <td>bát </td> <td>pjot </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>fa1, fa4, fa5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>的 </td> <td>テキ teki </td> <td>적 </td> <td>dik1 </td> <td>đích </td> <td>tek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>di1, de5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>目 </td> <td>モク moku </td> <td>목 </td> <td>muk6 </td> <td>mục </td> <td>mjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>mu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>真 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>진 </td> <td>zan1 </td> <td>chân </td> <td>tsyin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>zhen1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>着 </td> <td>チャク chaku ジャク jaku </td> <td>착 </td> <td>zoek3 </td> <td>trước, trứ, trữ </td> <td>trjoH (>著) </td> <td> </td> <td>zhe5, zhao2, zhuo2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>知 </td> <td>チ chi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>zi1 </td> <td>tri, trí </td> <td>tsye </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>研 </td> <td>ゲン gen ケン ken </td> <td>연 </td> <td>jin4 </td> <td>nghiên, nghiễn </td> <td>ngen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>社 </td> <td>シャ sha </td> <td>사 </td> <td>se5 </td> <td>xã </td> <td>dzyaeX </td> <td> </td> <td>she4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>私 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>사 </td> <td>si1 </td> <td>tư </td> <td>sij </td> <td> </td> <td>si1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>秋 </td> <td>シュウ shuu </td> <td>추 </td> <td>cau1 </td> <td>thu, thâu </td> <td>tshjuw </td> <td> </td> <td>qiu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>究 </td> <td>キュウ kyuu </td> <td>구 </td> <td>gau3 </td> <td>cứu </td> <td>kjuwH </td> <td> </td> <td>jiu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>空 </td> <td>クウ kuu </td> <td>공 </td> <td>hung1 </td> <td>không, khống </td> <td>khuwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>kong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>立 </td> <td>リュウ ryuu < リフ rifu リツ ritsu (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>립, 입 </td> <td>laap6 </td> <td>lập </td> <td>lip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>li4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>答 </td> <td>トウ tou < トフ tofu, タフ tafu </td> <td>답 </td> <td>daap3 </td> <td>đáp </td> <td>top </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>da2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>紙, 纸 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>zi2 </td> <td>chỉ </td> <td>tsyeX </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>終, 络 </td> <td>シュウ shuu </td> <td>종 </td> <td>zung1 </td> <td>chung </td> <td>tsyuwng </td> <td> </td> <td>zhong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>習, 习 </td> <td>ジュ ju < ジフ zifu シュウ shuu < シフ sifu </td> <td>습 </td> <td>zaap6 </td> <td>tập </td> <td>zip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>xi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>考 </td> <td>コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>고 </td> <td>haau2 </td> <td>khảo </td> <td>khawX </td> <td> </td> <td>kao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>者 </td> <td>シャ sha </td> <td>자 </td> <td>ze2 </td> <td>giả </td> <td>tsyaeX </td> <td> </td> <td>zhe3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>肉 </td> <td>ニク niku </td> <td>육, 유 </td> <td>juk6 </td> <td>nhục, nhụ </td> <td>nyuwk, nyuwH </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>rou4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>自 </td> <td>ジ ji (< zi) </td> <td>자 </td> <td>zi6 </td> <td>tự </td> <td>dzijH </td> <td> </td> <td>zi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>色 </td> <td>シキ shiki ショク shoku </td> <td>색 </td> <td>sik1 </td> <td>sắc </td> <td>srik </td> <td> </td> <td>se4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>花 </td> <td>カ ka < クワ kwa ケ ke < クヱ kwe </td> <td>화 </td> <td>faa1 </td> <td>hoa </td> <td>xwae </td> <td> </td> <td>hua1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>英 </td> <td>エイ ei </td> <td>영 </td> <td>jing1 </td> <td>anh </td> <td>'jaeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ying1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>茶 </td> <td>ジャ ja < ヂヤ dya </td> <td>차, 다 </td> <td>caa4 </td> <td>trà </td> <td>drae </td> <td> </td> <td>cha2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>親, 亲 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>친 </td> <td>can1 </td> <td>thân, thấn </td> <td>tshin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>qin1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>言 </td> <td>ゴン gon ゲン gen </td> <td>언 </td> <td>jin4 </td> <td>ngân, ngôn </td> <td>ngjon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>計, 计 </td> <td>ケイ kei </td> <td>계 </td> <td>gai3 </td> <td>kê, kế </td> <td>kejH </td> <td> </td> <td>ji4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>試, 试 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>시 </td> <td>si3 </td> <td>thí </td> <td>syiH </td> <td> </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>買, 买 </td> <td>メ me バイ bai </td> <td>매 </td> <td>maai5 </td> <td>mãi </td> <td>meaX </td> <td> </td> <td>mai3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>貸, 贷 </td> <td>タイ tai </td> <td>대 </td> <td>taai3 </td> <td>thải </td> <td>thojH </td> <td> </td> <td>dai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>質, 质 < 貭 </td> <td>チ chi シツ shitsu シチ shichi </td> <td>지, 질 </td> <td>zi3; zat1 </td> <td>chất </td> <td>trijH </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>zhi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>赤 </td> <td>セキ seki シャク shaku </td> <td>적 </td> <td>cek3 </td> <td>thích </td> <td>tshjek, tsyhek </td> <td> </td> <td>chi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>走 </td> <td>ソウ sou </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zau2 </td> <td>tẩu </td> <td>tsuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>zou3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>起 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>기 </td> <td>hei2 </td> <td>khỉ </td> <td>khiX </td> <td> </td> <td>qi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>足 </td> <td>ソク soku </td> <td>족 </td> <td>zuk1 </td> <td>túc </td> <td>tsjowk </td> <td> </td> <td>zu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>転, 转 < 轉 </td> <td>テン ten </td> <td>전 </td> <td>zyun2 </td> <td>chuyến, chuyển </td> <td>trjwenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>zhuan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>近 </td> <td>キン kin ゴン gon コン kon (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>근 </td> <td>gan6 </td> <td>cấn, cận </td> <td>gj+nH, gj+nX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jin4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>送 </td> <td>ソウ sou </td> <td>송 </td> <td>sung3 </td> <td>tống </td> <td>suwngH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>song4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>通 </td> <td>ツウ tsuu </td> <td>통 </td> <td>tung1 </td> <td>thông </td> <td>thuwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>tong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>週, 周 </td> <td>シュウ shuu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zau1 </td> <td>chu (irr.) </td> <td>tsyuw(X) </td> <td> </td> <td>zhou1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>運, 运 </td> <td>ウン un </td> <td>운 </td> <td>wan6 </td> <td>vận </td> <td>hjunH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yun4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>道 </td> <td>ドウ dou < ダウ dau トウ tou < タウ tau </td> <td>도 </td> <td>dou6 </td> <td>đáo, đạo </td> <td>dawX </td> <td> </td> <td>dao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>重 </td> <td>チョウ chou ジュウ juu < ヂユウ dyuu </td> <td>중; 동 </td> <td>cung5/6 (pesante) cung4 (di nuovo) </td> <td>trùng, trọng </td> <td>drjowngX > zhong4 drjowng > chong2 </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zhong4; chong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>野 </td> <td>ヤ ya </td> <td>야 </td> <td>je5 </td> <td>dã </td> <td>yaeX </td> <td> </td> <td>ye3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>銀, 银 </td> <td>ギン gin </td> <td>은 </td> <td>ngan4 </td> <td>ngân </td> <td>ngin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yin2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>開, 开 </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>개 </td> <td>hoi1 </td> <td>khai </td> <td>khoj, khojX </td> <td> </td> <td>kai1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>院 </td> <td>イン in < ヱン wen </td> <td>원 </td> <td>jyun2 </td> <td>viện </td> <td>hjwenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yuan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>集 </td> <td>ジュウ juu < ジフ zifu シュウ shuu < シフ sifu </td> <td>집 </td> <td>zaap6 </td> <td>tập </td> <td>dzip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>ji2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>青 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou < シヤウ syau </td> <td>청 </td> <td>cing1 </td> <td>thanh </td> <td>tsheng </td> <td> </td> <td>qing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>音 </td> <td>イン in < イム imu オン on < オム omu </td> <td>음 </td> <td>jam1 </td> <td>âm, ấm </td> <td>'im </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>yin1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>題, 题 </td> <td>ダイ dai テイ tei </td> <td>제 </td> <td>tai4 </td> <td>đề, đệ </td> <td>dej </td> <td> </td> <td>ti2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>風, 风 </td> <td>フウ fuu </td> <td>풍 </td> <td>fung1 </td> <td>phong, phóng </td> <td>pjuwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>feng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>飯, 饭 </td> <td>ボン bon ハン han </td> <td>반 </td> <td>faan6 </td> <td>phãn, phạn </td> <td>bjonH, bjonX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>fan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>飲, 饮 </td> <td>イン in < イム imu オン on < オム omu </td> <td>음 </td> <td>jam2 </td> <td>ấm, ẩm </td> <td>'imX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yin3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>館, 馆 </td> <td>カン kan < クワン kwan </td> <td>관 </td> <td>gun2 </td> <td>quán </td> <td>kwanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>guan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>駅 < 驛, 驿 </td> <td>ヤク yaku エキ eki </td> <td>역 </td> <td>jik6 </td> <td>dịch </td> <td>yek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>験, 验 </td> <td>ゲン gen < ゲム gemu ケン ken </td> <td>험 </td> <td>jim6 </td> <td>nghiệm </td> <td>ngjemH </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>yan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>魚, 鱼 </td> <td>ギョ gyo </td> <td>어 </td> <td>jyu4 </td> <td>ngư </td> <td>ngjo </td> <td> </td> <td>yu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>鳥, 鸟 </td> <td>チョウ chou < テウ teu </td> <td>조, 도 </td> <td>niu5 </td> <td>điểu </td> <td>tewX </td> <td> </td> <td>niao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>黒, 黑 </td> <td>コク koku </td> <td>흑 </td> <td>hak1 </td> <td>hắc </td> <td>xok </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>hei1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>与 </td> <td>ヨ yo </td> <td>여 </td> <td>jyu5 </td> <td>dư, dữ, dự </td> <td>yoX </td> <td> </td> <td>yu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>両, 两 </td> <td>リョウ ryou < リヤウ ryau </td> <td>량, 냥, 양 </td> <td>loeng5 </td> <td>lưỡng, lượng </td> <td>ljangX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>liang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>乗, 乘 </td> <td>ジョウ jou ショウ shou </td> <td>승 </td> <td>sing4 </td> <td>thặng </td> <td>zying </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>cheng2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>予 </td> <td>ヨ yo </td> <td>여 </td> <td>jyu5 </td> <td>dư, dữ </td> <td>yo(X) </td> <td> </td> <td>yu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>争 </td> <td>ソウ sou < シヤウ syau </td> <td>쟁 </td> <td>zang1 </td> <td>tranh, tránh </td> <td>tsreang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zheng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>互 </td> <td>ゴ go </td> <td>호 </td> <td>wu6 </td> <td>hỗ </td> <td>huH </td> <td> </td> <td>hu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>亡 </td> <td>モウ mou < マウ mau ボウ bou < バウ bau </td> <td>망 </td> <td>mong4 </td> <td>vong </td> <td>mjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>wang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>交 </td> <td>キョウ kyou < ケウ keu コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>교 </td> <td>gaau1 </td> <td>giao </td> <td>kaew </td> <td> </td> <td>jiao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>他 </td> <td>タ ta </td> <td>타 </td> <td>taa1 </td> <td>tha </td> <td>tha </td> <td> </td> <td>ta1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>付 </td> <td>フ fu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu6 </td> <td>phó </td> <td>pjuH </td> <td> </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>件 </td> <td>ゲン gen ケン ken </td> <td>건 </td> <td>gin6 </td> <td>kiện </td> <td>(其輦切) </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>任 </td> <td>ニン nin < ニム nimu </td> <td>임 </td> <td>jam6 </td> <td>nhiệm, nhâm </td> <td>nyimH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ren4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>伝, 传 < 傳 </td> <td>デン den テン ten </td> <td>전 </td> <td>cyun4 </td> <td>truyến, truyền </td> <td>drjwenH, trjwenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>chuan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>似 </td> <td>ジ ji </td> <td>사 </td> <td>ci5 </td> <td>tự </td> <td>ziX </td> <td> </td> <td>si1, shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>位 </td> <td>イ i < ヰ wi </td> <td>위 </td> <td>wai2 </td> <td>vị </td> <td>hwijH </td> <td> </td> <td>wei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>余 </td> <td>ヨ yo </td> <td>여 </td> <td>jyu4 </td> <td>dư </td> <td>yo </td> <td> </td> <td>yu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>例 </td> <td>レイ rei </td> <td>례, 예 </td> <td>lai6 </td> <td>lệ </td> <td>ljejH </td> <td> </td> <td>li4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>供 </td> <td>キョウ kyou </td> <td>공 </td> <td>gung1 </td> <td>cung, cúng </td> <td>kjowngH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>gong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>便 </td> <td>ベン ben ヘン hen ビン bin (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>편 </td> <td>bin6 </td> <td>tiện </td> <td>bjienX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>bian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>係, 系 </td> <td>ケイ kei </td> <td>계 </td> <td>hai6 </td> <td>hệ </td> <td>kejH </td> <td> </td> <td>xi5, xi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>信 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>신 </td> <td>seon3 </td> <td>tín, thân </td> <td>sinH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xin4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>倒 </td> <td>トウ tou < タウ tau </td> <td>도 </td> <td>dou2 </td> <td>đáo, đảo </td> <td>tawX </td> <td> </td> <td>dao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>候 </td> <td>グ gu コウ kou </td> <td>후 </td> <td>hau6 </td> <td>hậu </td> <td>huwH </td> <td> </td> <td>hou5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>値, 值 </td> <td>ジ ji ジキ jiki チ chi チョク choku </td> <td>치 </td> <td>zik6 </td> <td>trị, trực </td> <td>driH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>偉, 伟 </td> <td>イ i < ヰ wi </td> <td>위 </td> <td>wai5 </td> <td>vĩ </td> <td>hjw+jX </td> <td> </td> <td>wei3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>側, 侧 </td> <td>ソク soku </td> <td>측 </td> <td>zak1 </td> <td>trắc </td> <td>tsrik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ce4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>偶 </td> <td>グウ guu </td> <td>우 </td> <td>ngau5 </td> <td>ngẫu </td> <td>nguwH, nguwX </td> <td> </td> <td>ou3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>備, 备 </td> <td>ビ bi </td> <td>비 </td> <td>bei6 </td> <td>bị </td> <td>bijH </td> <td> </td> <td>bei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>働 (kokuji 国字) </td> <td>ドウ dou (da 动) (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>(~동) </td> <td>(~dung6) </td> <td>(~động) </td> <td>giapponese: はたら.く hatara.ku </td> <td>(-ng) </td> <td>(~dong4) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>優, 优 </td> <td>ユウ yuu </td> <td>우 </td> <td>jau1 </td> <td>ưu </td> <td>'juw </td> <td> </td> <td>you1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>光 </td> <td>コウ kou < クワウ kwau </td> <td>광 </td> <td>gwong1 </td> <td>quang </td> <td>kwang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>guang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>全 </td> <td>ゼン zen </td> <td>전 </td> <td>cyun4 </td> <td>toàn </td> <td>dzjwen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>quan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>共 </td> <td>キョウ kyou </td> <td>공 </td> <td>gung6 </td> <td>cung, cộng </td> <td>gjowngH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>gong4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>具 </td> <td>グ gu </td> <td>구 </td> <td>geoi6 </td> <td>cụ </td> <td>gjuH </td> <td> </td> <td>ju4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>內, 内 </td> <td>ナイ nai </td> <td>내 </td> <td>noi6 </td> <td>nội </td> <td>nwojH </td> <td> </td> <td>nei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>冷 </td> <td>リョウ ryou < リヤウ ryau レイ rei </td> <td>랭, 냉, 영 </td> <td>laang5 </td> <td>lãnh </td> <td>lengX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>leng3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>処, 处 < 處 </td> <td>ショ sho </td> <td>처 </td> <td>cyu2 </td> <td>xứ, xử </td> <td>tsyhoX </td> <td> </td> <td>chu3, chu5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>列 </td> <td>レツ retsu レッ re + tensificazione </td> <td>렬, 열 </td> <td>lit6 </td> <td>liệt </td> <td>ljet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>li4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>初 </td> <td>ショ sho </td> <td>초 </td> <td>co1 </td> <td>sơ </td> <td>tsrhjo </td> <td> </td> <td>chu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>判 </td> <td>ハン han バン ban </td> <td>판 </td> <td>pun3 </td> <td>phán </td> <td>phanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>pan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>利 </td> <td>リ ri </td> <td>리, 이 </td> <td>lei6 </td> <td>lợi </td> <td>lijH </td> <td> </td> <td>li4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>到 </td> <td>トウ tou < タウ tau </td> <td>도 </td> <td>dou3 </td> <td>đáo </td> <td>tawH </td> <td> </td> <td>dao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>制 </td> <td>セイ sei </td> <td>제 </td> <td>zai3 </td> <td>chế </td> <td>tsyejH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>刻 </td> <td>コク koku </td> <td>각 </td> <td>hak1 </td> <td>khắc </td> <td>khok </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ke4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>割 </td> <td>カツ katsu </td> <td>할 </td> <td>got3 </td> <td>cát </td> <td>kat </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>ge1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>加 </td> <td>カ ka </td> <td>가 </td> <td>gaa1 </td> <td>gia </td> <td>kae </td> <td> </td> <td>jia1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>助 </td> <td>ジョ jo < ジヨ zyo </td> <td>조 </td> <td>zo6 </td> <td>trợ </td> <td>dzrjoH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>努 </td> <td>ヌ nu (Hakka: nú; <a href="/wiki/Amoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amoy">Amoy</a> Hokkien: nó͘ ) ド do </td> <td>노 </td> <td>nou5 </td> <td>nỗ </td> <td>mjuH </td> <td> </td> <td>nu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>労, 劳, 勞 </td> <td>ロウ rou < ラウ rau </td> <td>로, 노 </td> <td>lou4 </td> <td>lao, lạo </td> <td>lawH </td> <td> </td> <td>lao2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>務, 务 </td> <td>ム mu ブ bu </td> <td>무 </td> <td>mou6 </td> <td>vũ, vụ </td> <td>mjuH </td> <td> </td> <td>wu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>勝, 胜 </td> <td>ショウ shou </td> <td>승 </td> <td>sing1 </td> <td>thăng, thắng </td> <td>syingH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>sheng4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>勤 </td> <td>ゴン gon キン kin </td> <td>근 </td> <td>kan4 </td> <td>cần </td> <td>gj+n </td> <td>-n </td> <td>qin2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>化 </td> <td>カ ka < クワ kwa ケ ke </td> <td>화 </td> <td>faa3 </td> <td>hoa, hoá </td> <td>xwaeH </td> <td> </td> <td>hua4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>単 < 單, 单 </td> <td>タン tan </td> <td>단 </td> <td>daan1 </td> <td>đan, đơn, đạn </td> <td>tan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>dan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>危 (厃) </td> <td>ギ gi < グヰ gwi キ ki (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>위 </td> <td>ngai4 </td> <td>nguy </td> <td>ngjwe </td> <td> </td> <td>wei1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>原 </td> <td>ゲン gon ゲン gen < グヱン gwen; ガン gan < グワン gwan (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>원 </td> <td>jyun4 </td> <td>nguyên, nguyện </td> <td>ngjwon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yuan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>参 < 參 </td> <td>サン san < サム samu </td> <td>참 </td> <td>caam1 </td> <td>tam, sâm </td> <td>tshom </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>can1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>反 </td> <td>ホン hon ハン han </td> <td>반 </td> <td>faan2 </td> <td>phiên, phiến </td> <td>pjonX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>fan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>収, 收 </td> <td>シュウ shuu </td> <td>수 </td> <td>sau1 </td> <td>thu, thâu, thú </td> <td>syuw </td> <td> </td> <td>shou1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>取 </td> <td>シュ shu </td> <td>취 </td> <td>ceoi2 </td> <td>thủ, tụ </td> <td>tshjuX </td> <td> </td> <td>qu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>受 </td> <td>ズ zu ジュ ju (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>수 </td> <td>sau6 </td> <td>thâu, thọ, thụ </td> <td>dzyuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>shou4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>可 </td> <td>カ ka </td> <td>가 </td> <td>ho2 </td> <td>khả </td> <td>khaX </td> <td> </td> <td>ke3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>号 </td> <td>ゴウ gou < ガウ gau コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>호 </td> <td>hou6 </td> <td>hiệu, hào </td> <td>hawH </td> <td> </td> <td>hao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>合 </td> <td>ゴウ gou < ガフ gafu コウ kou < カフ kafu; ガッ ga +tensificazione </td> <td>합 </td> <td>hap6 </td> <td>hiệp, hạp, hợp </td> <td>hop </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>he2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>向 </td> <td>コウ kou < カウ kau キョウ kyou < キヤウ kyau </td> <td>향 </td> <td>hoeng2 </td> <td>hướng, hưởng </td> <td>xjangH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xiang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>君 </td> <td>クン kun </td> <td>군 </td> <td>gwan1 </td> <td>quân </td> <td>kjun </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jun1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>否 </td> <td>ビ bi フ fu フウ fuu ヒ hi </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fau2 </td> <td>bĩ, bỉ, phầu </td> <td>pjuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>fou3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>吸 </td> <td>キュウ kyuu < キフ kifu コウ kou < コフ kofu </td> <td>흡 </td> <td>kap1 </td> <td>hấp </td> <td>xip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>xi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>吹 (龡) </td> <td>スイ sui </td> <td>취 </td> <td>ceoi1 </td> <td>xuy, xuý </td> <td>tsyhwe </td> <td> </td> <td>chui1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>告 </td> <td>コウ kou < カウ kau; コク koku </td> <td>고 </td> <td>gou3 </td> <td>cáo </td> <td>kawH </td> <td> </td> <td>gao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>呼 </td> <td>ク ku コ ko </td> <td>호 </td> <td>fu1 </td> <td>há, hô, hao </td> <td>xu </td> <td> </td> <td>hu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>命 </td> <td>メイ mei ミョウ myou </td> <td>명 </td> <td>ming6 </td> <td>mệnh </td> <td>mjaengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ming4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>和 (龢) </td> <td>カ ka < クワ kwa ワ wa; オ o < ヲ wo (in disuso) </td> <td>화 </td> <td>wo4 </td> <td>hoà, hoạ </td> <td>hwa </td> <td> </td> <td>huo5, he2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>商 </td> <td>ショウ shou < シヤウ syau </td> <td>상 </td> <td>soeng1 </td> <td>thương </td> <td>syang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>shang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>喜 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>희 </td> <td>hei2 </td> <td>hi, hí, hý, hỉ, hỷ </td> <td>xiX </td> <td> </td> <td>xi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>回 </td> <td>カイ kai < クワイ kwai </td> <td>회 </td> <td>wui4 </td> <td>hối, hồi </td> <td>hwoj </td> <td> </td> <td>hui2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>因 </td> <td>イン in </td> <td>인 </td> <td>jan1 </td> <td>nhân </td> <td>'jin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yin1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>困 </td> <td>コン kon </td> <td>곤 </td> <td>kwan3 </td> <td>khốn </td> <td>khwonH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>kun4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>園, 园 </td> <td>エン en < ヱン wen オン on < ヲン won </td> <td>원 </td> <td>jyun4 </td> <td>viên </td> <td>hjwen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yuan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>在 </td> <td>ザイ zai </td> <td>재 </td> <td>zoi6 </td> <td>tại </td> <td>dzojX </td> <td> </td> <td>zai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>報, 报 </td> <td>ホウ hou </td> <td>보 </td> <td>bou3 </td> <td>báo </td> <td>pawH </td> <td> </td> <td>bao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>増, 增 </td> <td>ゾウ zou </td> <td>증 </td> <td>zang1 </td> <td>tăng </td> <td>tsong </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zeng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>声 < 聲 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou </td> <td>성 </td> <td>sing1, seng1 </td> <td>thanh </td> <td>syeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>sheng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>変, 变, 變 </td> <td>ヘン hen </td> <td>변 </td> <td>bin3 </td> <td>biến, biện </td> <td>pjenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>bian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>夢, 梦 </td> <td>ム mu ボウ bou </td> <td>몽 </td> <td>mung6 </td> <td>mông, mộng </td> <td>mjuwngH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>meng4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>太 </td> <td>タイ tai </td> <td>태 </td> <td>taai3 </td> <td>thái </td> <td>(徒蓋切) </td> <td> </td> <td>tai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>夫 </td> <td>フ fu フウ fuu ブ bu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu1 </td> <td>phu, phù </td> <td>pju </td> <td> </td> <td>fu1, fu5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>失 </td> <td>シツ shitsu </td> <td>실 </td> <td>sat1 </td> <td>thất </td> <td>syit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>shi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>好 </td> <td>コウ kou </td> <td>호 </td> <td>hou2 </td> <td>hảo, hiếu </td> <td>xawX > hao3 xawH > hao4 </td> <td> </td> <td>hao3, hao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>妻 </td> <td>サイ sai セイ sei </td> <td>처 </td> <td>cai1 </td> <td>thê, thế </td> <td>tshej </td> <td> </td> <td>qi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>娘 </td> <td>ニョウ nyou < ニヤウ nyau ジョウ jou < ヂヤウ dyau </td> <td>낭, 랑 </td> <td>noeng4 </td> <td>nương </td> <td>(女良切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>niang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>婚 </td> <td>コン kon </td> <td>혼 </td> <td>fan1 </td> <td>hôn </td> <td>xwon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>hun1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>婦, 妇 </td> <td>フ fu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu5 </td> <td>phụ </td> <td>bjuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>存 </td> <td>ゾン zon ソン son </td> <td>존 </td> <td>cyun4 </td> <td>tồn </td> <td>dzwon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>cun2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>宅 </td> <td>タク taku ジャク jaku < ヂャク dyaku </td> <td>택 </td> <td>zaak6 </td> <td>trạch </td> <td>draek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhai2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>守 </td> <td>シュ shu </td> <td>수 </td> <td>sau2 </td> <td>thú, thủ </td> <td>syuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>shou3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>完 </td> <td>ガン gan カン kan </td> <td>완 </td> <td>jyun4 </td> <td>hoàn </td> <td>hwan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>官 </td> <td>カン kan < クワン kwan </td> <td>관 </td> <td>gun1 </td> <td>quan </td> <td>kwan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>guan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>定 </td> <td>テイ tei ジョウ jou < ヂヤウ dyau </td> <td>정 </td> <td>ding6 </td> <td>đính, định </td> <td>dengH, tengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ding4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>実, 实 < 實 </td> <td>ジツ jitsu シツ shitsu </td> <td>실 </td> <td>sat6 </td> <td>thật </td> <td>zyit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>shi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>客 </td> <td>カク kaku キャク kyaku </td> <td>객 </td> <td>haak3 </td> <td>khách </td> <td>khaek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ke4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>害 </td> <td>ガイ gai </td> <td>해 </td> <td>hoi6 </td> <td>hại </td> <td>hajH </td> <td> </td> <td>hai4, hai5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>容 </td> <td>ヨウ you </td> <td>용 </td> <td>jung4 </td> <td>dong, dung </td> <td>yowng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>rong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>宿 </td> <td>シュク shuku </td> <td>숙 </td> <td>sau3 </td> <td>tú, túc </td> <td>sjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>su4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>寄 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>기 </td> <td>gei3 </td> <td>kí, ký </td> <td>kjeH </td> <td> </td> <td>ji4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>富 </td> <td>フウ fuu フ fu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu3 </td> <td>phú </td> <td>pjuwH </td> <td> </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>寒 </td> <td>ガン gan カン kan </td> <td>한 </td> <td>hon4 </td> <td>hàn </td> <td>han </td> <td>-n </td> <td>han2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>寝 </td> <td>シン shin < シム simu </td> <td>침 </td> <td>cam2 </td> <td>tẩm </td> <td>tshimX </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>qin3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>察 </td> <td>サツ satsu </td> <td>찰 </td> <td>caat3 </td> <td>sát </td> <td>tsrheat </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>cha2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>対, 对 < 對 </td> <td>タイ tai ツイ tsui < ツヰ tuwi </td> <td>대 </td> <td>deoi3 </td> <td>đối </td> <td>twojH </td> <td> </td> <td>dui4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>局 </td> <td>ゴク goku キョク kyoku </td> <td>국 </td> <td>guk6 </td> <td>cục </td> <td>gjowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ju2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>居 </td> <td>キョkyo コ ko </td> <td>거 </td> <td>geoi1 </td> <td>cư, ky, kí, ký </td> <td>kjo(H) </td> <td> </td> <td>ju1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>差 </td> <td>セ se, サ sa </td> <td>차 </td> <td>caa1 </td> <td>ta, tha </td> <td>tsrhae, tsha </td> <td> </td> <td>cha4, chai1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>市 </td> <td>ジ ji シ shi </td> <td>시 </td> <td>si5 </td> <td>thị </td> <td>dzyiX </td> <td> </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>師, 师 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>사 </td> <td>si1 </td> <td>sư </td> <td>srij </td> <td> </td> <td>shi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>席 </td> <td>セキ seki </td> <td>석 </td> <td>zik6 </td> <td>tịch </td> <td>zjek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>xi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>常 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ジヤウ zyau </td> <td>상 </td> <td>soeng4 </td> <td>thường </td> <td>dzyang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>chang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>平 </td> <td>ビョウ byou ヒョウ hou ヘイ hei </td> <td>평, 편 </td> <td>ping4 </td> <td>bình, biền </td> <td>bjaeng, ben </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ping2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>幸 </td> <td>ギョウ gyou < ギヤウ gyau コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>행 </td> <td>hang6 </td> <td>hạnh </td> <td>heangX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xing4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>幾, 几 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>기 </td> <td>gei2 </td> <td>cơ, ki, kí, kỉ </td> <td>kj+jX, kijX </td> <td> </td> <td>ji3, ji1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>座 </td> <td>ザ za </td> <td>좌 </td> <td>zo6 </td> <td>toà, toạ </td> <td>dzwaH, dzwaX </td> <td> </td> <td>zuo4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>庭 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ヂヤウ dyau テイ tei </td> <td>정 </td> <td>ting4 </td> <td>đình, thính </td> <td>deng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ting2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>式 </td> <td>シキ shiki </td> <td>식 </td> <td>sik1 </td> <td>thức </td> <td>syik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>引 </td> <td>イン in </td> <td>인 </td> <td>jan5 </td> <td>dấn, dẫn </td> <td>yinX </td> <td> </td> <td>yin3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>当, 當 </td> <td>トウ tou < タウ tau </td> <td>당 </td> <td>dong1 </td> <td>đang, đáng </td> <td>tang > dang1 tangH > dang4 </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>dang1, dang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>形 </td> <td>ケイ kei ギョウ gyou < ギヤウ gyau </td> <td>형 </td> <td>jing4 </td> <td>hình </td> <td>heng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xing2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>役 </td> <td>ヤク yaku エキ eki </td> <td>역 </td> <td>jik6 </td> <td>dịch </td> <td>ywek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>彼 </td> <td>ヒ hi </td> <td>피 </td> <td>bei2 </td> <td>bỉ </td> <td>pjeX </td> <td> </td> <td>bi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>徒 </td> <td>ズ zu < ヅ du ト to </td> <td>도 </td> <td>tou4 </td> <td>đồ </td> <td>du </td> <td> </td> <td>tu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>得 </td> <td>トク toku </td> <td>득 </td> <td>dak1 </td> <td>đắc </td> <td>tok </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>de5, dei3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>御 </td> <td>ギョ gyo ゴ go </td> <td>어 </td> <td>jyu6 </td> <td>ngữ, ngự, nhạ </td> <td>ngjoH </td> <td> </td> <td>yu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>必 </td> <td>ヒツ hitsu </td> <td>필 </td> <td>bit1 </td> <td>tất </td> <td>pjit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>bi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>忘 </td> <td>モウ mou < マウ mau ボウ bou < バウ bau </td> <td>망 </td> <td>mong4 </td> <td>vong </td> <td>mjangH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>wang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>忙 </td> <td>モウ mou ボウ bou </td> <td>망 </td> <td>mong4 </td> <td>mang </td> <td>mang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>mang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>念 </td> <td>ネン nen < ネム nemu </td> <td>념, 염 </td> <td>nim6 </td> <td>niệm </td> <td>nemH </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>nian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>怒 </td> <td>ヌ nu </td> <td>노, 로 </td> <td>nou6 </td> <td>nộ </td> <td>nuH, nuX </td> <td> </td> <td>nu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>怖 </td> <td>フ fu ホ ho </td> <td>포 </td> <td>bou3 </td> <td>phố, bố </td> <td>phuH </td> <td> </td> <td>bu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>性 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou </td> <td>성 </td> <td>sing3 </td> <td>tính </td> <td>sjengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xing4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>恐 </td> <td>キョウ kyou </td> <td>공 </td> <td>hung2 </td> <td>khúng, khủng </td> <td>khjowngX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>kong3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>恥, 耻 </td> <td>チ chi </td> <td>치 </td> <td>ci2 </td> <td>sỉ </td> <td>trhiX </td> <td> </td> <td>chi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>息 </td> <td>ソク soku < シヨク syoku </td> <td>식 </td> <td>sik1 </td> <td>tức </td> <td>sik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>xi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>悲 </td> <td>ヒ hi </td> <td>비 </td> <td>bei1 </td> <td>bi </td> <td>pij </td> <td> </td> <td>bei1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>情 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ジヤウ zyau セイ sei </td> <td>정 </td> <td>cing4 </td> <td>tình </td> <td>dzjeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>qing2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>想 </td> <td>ショウ shou < シヤウ syau ソウ sou < サウ sau </td> <td>상 </td> <td>soeng2 </td> <td>tưởng </td> <td>sjangX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xiang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>愛, 爱 </td> <td>アイ ai </td> <td>애 </td> <td>oi3 </td> <td>ái </td> <td>'ojH </td> <td> </td> <td>ai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>感 </td> <td>コン kon < コム komu カン kan < カム kamu </td> <td>감 </td> <td>gam2 </td> <td>cảm </td> <td>komX </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>gan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>慣, 惯 </td> <td>ケン ken < クヱン kwen カン kan < クヮン kwan </td> <td>관 </td> <td>gwaan3 </td> <td>quán </td> <td>kwaenH </td> <td> </td> <td>guan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>成 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ジヤウ zyau セイ sei </td> <td>성 </td> <td>sing4 (diventare) seng4 (intero) </td> <td>thành </td> <td>dzyeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>cheng2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>戦, 战, 戰 </td> <td>セン sen </td> <td>전 </td> <td>zin3 </td> <td>chiến </td> <td>tsyenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>zhan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>戻, 戾 </td> <td>レイ rei </td> <td>려, 여 </td> <td>leoi6 </td> <td>lệ, lư </td> <td>lejH </td> <td> </td> <td>li4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>所 </td> <td>ショ sho (<syo) ソ so </td> <td>소 </td> <td>so2 </td> <td>sở </td> <td>srjoX, xjoX </td> <td> </td> <td>suo3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>才 </td> <td>ザイ zai サイ sai </td> <td>재 </td> <td>coi4 </td> <td>tài </td> <td>dzoj </td> <td> </td> <td>cai2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>打 </td> <td>ダ da </td> <td>타 </td> <td>daa2 </td> <td>tá, đả </td> <td>(都挺切) </td> <td> </td> <td>da3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>払, 拂 </td> <td>フツ futsu ホツ hotsu ヒツ hitsu </td> <td>불 </td> <td>fat1 </td> <td>bật, phất, phật </td> <td>(敷勿切) </td> <td>-t </td> <td>fu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>投 </td> <td>ズ zu トウ tou </td> <td>투, 두 </td> <td>tau4 </td> <td>đầu, đậu </td> <td>duw </td> <td> </td> <td>tou2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>折 </td> <td>セツ setsu </td> <td>절 </td> <td>zit3 </td> <td>chiết </td> <td>tsyet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>zhe2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>抜, 拔 </td> <td>バツ batsu ハツ hatsu </td> <td>발 </td> <td>bat6 </td> <td>bạt </td> <td>bat, beat </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>ba2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>抱 </td> <td>ボウ bou ホウ hou </td> <td>포 </td> <td>pou5 </td> <td>bào, bão </td> <td>bawX </td> <td> </td> <td>bao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>押 </td> <td>オウ ou < アフ afu ヨウ you < エフ efu </td> <td>압 </td> <td>aat3 </td> <td>áp </td> <td>'aep </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>ya1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>招 </td> <td>ショウ shou </td> <td>초 </td> <td>ziu1 </td> <td>thiêu, thiều </td> <td>tsyew </td> <td> </td> <td>zhao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>指 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>zi2 </td> <td>chỉ </td> <td>tsyijX </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>捕 </td> <td>ブ bu ホ ho </td> <td>포 </td> <td>bou6 </td> <td>bổ, bộ </td> <td>buH </td> <td> </td> <td>bu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>掛, 挂 </td> <td>ケイ kei < クヱ kwe カイ kai < クヮイ kwai </td> <td>괘 </td> <td>gwaa3 </td> <td>quải </td> <td>kweaH </td> <td> </td> <td>gua4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>探 </td> <td>トン ton < トム tomu タン tan < タム tamu </td> <td>탐 </td> <td>taam3 </td> <td>tham, thám </td> <td>thomH </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>tan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>支 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>zi1 </td> <td>chi </td> <td>tsye </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>放 </td> <td>ホウ hou < ハウ hau </td> <td>방 </td> <td>fong3 </td> <td>phóng </td> <td>pjangX </td> <td> </td> <td>fang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>政 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou < シヤウ syau </td> <td>정 </td> <td>zing3 </td> <td>chinh, chánh </td> <td>tsyengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zheng4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>敗, 败 </td> <td>ハイ hai ばい bai </td> <td>패 </td> <td>baai6 </td> <td>bại </td> <td>baejH, paejH </td> <td> </td> <td>bai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>散 </td> <td>サン san </td> <td>산 </td> <td>saan2 </td> <td>tán, tản </td> <td>san(H) </td> <td>-n </td> <td>san4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>数 </td> <td>スウ suu ス su サク saku ソク soku シュ shu </td> <td>수 </td> <td>sou2 </td> <td>số, sổ, sác </td> <td>srjuH </td> <td> </td> <td>shu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>断 </td> <td>ダン dan タン tan </td> <td>단 </td> <td>tyun5 </td> <td>đoán, đoạn </td> <td>twanH, twanX </td> <td> </td> <td>duan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>易 </td> <td>エキ eki イ i </td> <td>역 </td> <td>ji6 </td> <td>dị, dịch </td> <td>yeH, yek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>昔 </td> <td>セキ seki シャク shaku </td> <td>석 </td> <td>sik1 </td> <td>thác, tích, tịch </td> <td>sjek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>xi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>昨 </td> <td>ザク zaku サク saku </td> <td>작 </td> <td>zok6 </td> <td>tạc </td> <td>dzak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zuo24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>晩 </td> <td>モン mon バン ban </td> <td>만 </td> <td>maan5 </td> <td>vãn </td> <td>mjonX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>景 </td> <td>キョウ kyou < キヤウ kyau ケイ kei </td> <td>경 </td> <td>ging2 </td> <td>cảnh </td> <td>kjaengX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jing3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>晴 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou </td> <td>청 </td> <td>cing4 </td> <td>tình </td> <td>dzjeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>qing2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>暗 </td> <td>オン on < オム omu アン an < アム amu </td> <td>암 </td> <td>am3 </td> <td>ám, âm </td> <td>'omH </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>an4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>暮 </td> <td>ム mu モ mo ボ bo </td> <td>모 </td> <td>mou6 </td> <td>mộ </td> <td>muH </td> <td> </td> <td>mu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>曲 </td> <td>キョク kyoku </td> <td>곡 </td> <td>kuk1 </td> <td>khúc </td> <td>khjowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>qu1, qu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>更 </td> <td>キョウ kyou < キャゥ kyau コウ kou < カゥ kau </td> <td>경 </td> <td>gang1 </td> <td>canh, cánh </td> <td>kaengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>geng4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>最 </td> <td>サイ sai </td> <td>최 </td> <td>zeoi3 </td> <td>tối </td> <td>tswajH </td> <td> </td> <td>zui4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>望 </td> <td>モウ mou ボウ </td> <td>망 </td> <td>mong6 </td> <td>vọng </td> <td>mjangH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>wang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>期 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>기 </td> <td>kei4 </td> <td>cơ, ki, kì </td> <td>gi </td> <td> </td> <td>qi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>未 </td> <td>ミ mi ビ bi </td> <td>미 </td> <td>mei6 </td> <td>mùi, vị </td> <td>mj+jH </td> <td> </td> <td>wei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>末 </td> <td>マツ matsu マチ machi </td> <td>말 </td> <td>mut6 </td> <td>mạt </td> <td>mat </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>mo4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>束 </td> <td>ソク soku </td> <td>속 </td> <td>cuk1 </td> <td>thúc </td> <td>syowk </td> <td> </td> <td>shu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>杯 </td> <td>ハイ hai </td> <td>배 </td> <td>bui1 </td> <td>bôi </td> <td>pwoj </td> <td> </td> <td>bei1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>果 </td> <td>カ ka < クワ kwa </td> <td>과 </td> <td>gwo2 </td> <td>quả </td> <td>khwaX </td> <td> </td> <td>guo3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>格 </td> <td>カク kaku </td> <td>격 </td> <td>gaak3 </td> <td>các, cách </td> <td>kaek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ge2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>構, 构 </td> <td>ク ku コウ kou </td> <td>구 </td> <td>kau3 </td> <td>cấu </td> <td>kuwH </td> <td> </td> <td>gou4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>様, 样 </td> <td>ヨウ you < ヤウ yau </td> <td>양 </td> <td>joeng6 </td> <td>dạng </td> <td>(徐兩切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>yang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>権, 权 < 權 </td> <td>ゴン gon ケン ken </td> <td>권 </td> <td>kyun4 </td> <td>quyền </td> <td>gjwen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>quan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>横 </td> <td>オウ ou < ワゥ wau </td> <td>횡 </td> <td>waang4 </td> <td>hoành, hoạnh </td> <td>hwaeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>heng2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>機, 机 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>기 </td> <td>gei1 </td> <td>cơ, ki, ky </td> <td>kijX </td> <td> </td> <td>ji1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>欠 </td> <td>ケン ken </td> <td>흠 </td> <td>him3 </td> <td>khiếm </td> <td>khjaemH, khjomH </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>qian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>次 </td> <td>シ shi ジ ji </td> <td>차 </td> <td>ci3 </td> <td>thứ, tư </td> <td>tshijH </td> <td> </td> <td>ci4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>欲 </td> <td>ヨク yoku </td> <td>욕 </td> <td>juk6 </td> <td>dục </td> <td>yowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>歯, 齿 < 齒 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>치 </td> <td>ci2 </td> <td>xỉ </td> <td>tsyhiX </td> <td> </td> <td>chi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>歳, 岁 </td> <td>サイ sai セイ sei </td> <td>세 </td> <td>seoi3 </td> <td>tuế </td> <td>sjwejH </td> <td> </td> <td>sui4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>残 </td> <td>ザン zan サン san </td> <td>잔 </td> <td>caan4 </td> <td>tàn </td> <td>dzan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>can2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>段 </td> <td>ダン dan タン tan </td> <td>단 </td> <td>dyun6 </td> <td>đoàn, đoán </td> <td>dwanH, twanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>duan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>殺, 杀 </td> <td>サツ satsu セツ setsu </td> <td>살 </td> <td>saat3 </td> <td>sát, tát </td> <td>sreat </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>sha1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>民 </td> <td>ミン min </td> <td>민 </td> <td>man4 </td> <td>miên, dân </td> <td>mjin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>min2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>求 </td> <td>キュウ kyuu グ gu </td> <td>구 </td> <td>kau4 </td> <td>cầu </td> <td>gjuw </td> <td> </td> <td>qiu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>決, 决 </td> <td>ケチ kechi < クヱチ kweti ケツ ketsu < クヱツ kwetu </td> <td>결 </td> <td>kyut3 </td> <td>quyết, khuyết </td> <td>kwet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>jue2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>治 </td> <td>ジ ji チ chi </td> <td>치 </td> <td>zi6 </td> <td>trì, trị </td> <td>drje </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi4, chi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>法 </td> <td>ホウ hou ハッ ha +tensificazione </td> <td>법 </td> <td>faat3 </td> <td>pháp </td> <td>pjop </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>fa3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>泳 </td> <td>エイ ei < ヱィ wei ヨウ you < ヰャゥ wyau </td> <td>영 </td> <td>wing6 </td> <td>vịnh (irr.) </td> <td>hjwaengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>yong3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>洗 </td> <td>セイ sei セン sen </td> <td>세 </td> <td>sai2 </td> <td>tẩy </td> <td>sejX </td> <td> </td> <td>xi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>活 </td> <td>ガチ gachi カツ katsu </td> <td>활 </td> <td>wut6 </td> <td>hoạt </td> <td>hwat </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>huo2, huo5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>流 </td> <td>リュウ ryuu </td> <td>류, 유 </td> <td>lau4 </td> <td>lưu </td> <td>ljuw </td> <td> </td> <td>liu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>浮 </td> <td>フ fu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fau4 </td> <td>phù </td> <td>bjuw </td> <td> </td> <td>fu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>消 </td> <td>ショウ shou < セウ seu </td> <td>소 </td> <td>siu1 </td> <td>tiêu </td> <td>sjew </td> <td> </td> <td>xiao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>深 </td> <td>シン shin < シム simu </td> <td>심 </td> <td>sam1 </td> <td>thâm </td> <td>syim(H) </td> <td>-n </td> <td>shen1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>済, 济 < 濟 </td> <td>セイ sei サイ sai </td> <td>제 </td> <td>zai3 (aiutare) zai2 (gruppo) </td> <td>tế, tể </td> <td>tsejH </td> <td> </td> <td>ji4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>渡 </td> <td>ド do ト to </td> <td>도 </td> <td>dou6 </td> <td>độ </td> <td>duH </td> <td> </td> <td>du4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>港 </td> <td>コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>항 </td> <td>gong2 </td> <td>cảng </td> <td>(古項切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>gang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>満, 满 </td> <td>マン man </td> <td>만 </td> <td>mun5 </td> <td>mãn </td> <td>manX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>man3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>演 </td> <td>エン en </td> <td>연 </td> <td>jin5 </td> <td>diễn </td> <td>yenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>点, 點 </td> <td>テン ten < テム temu </td> <td>점 </td> <td>dim2 </td> <td>điểm </td> <td>temX </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>dian3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>然 </td> <td>ネン nen </td> <td>연 </td> <td>jin4 </td> <td>nhiên </td> <td>nyen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ran2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>煙, 烟 </td> <td>エン en </td> <td>연 </td> <td>jin1 </td> <td>yên </td> <td>'en </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>熱, 热 </td> <td>ネツ netsu ネチ nechi </td> <td>열 </td> <td>jit6 </td> <td>nhiệt </td> <td>nyet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>re4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>犯 </td> <td>ボン bon < ボム bomu ハン han < ハム hamu </td> <td>범 </td> <td>faan6 </td> <td>phạm </td> <td>bjomX </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>fan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>状 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ジヤウ zyau </td> <td>상, 장 </td> <td>zong6 </td> <td>trạng </td> <td>dzrjangH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zhuang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>猫 </td> <td>ミョウ myou < メウ meu ビョウ byou < ベウ beu </td> <td>묘 </td> <td>maau1 </td> <td>miêu </td> <td>maew, mjew </td> <td> </td> <td>mao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>王 </td> <td>オウ ou < ワウ wau </td> <td>왕 </td> <td>wong4 </td> <td>vương, vượng </td> <td>hjwang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>wang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>現, 现 </td> <td>ゲン gen </td> <td>현 </td> <td>jin6 </td> <td>hiện </td> <td>henH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>球 </td> <td>グ gu キュウ kyuu </td> <td>구 </td> <td>kau4 </td> <td>cầu </td> <td>gjuw </td> <td> </td> <td>qiu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>産, 产 </td> <td>サン san </td> <td>산 </td> <td>caan2 </td> <td>sản </td> <td>sreanX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>chan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>由 </td> <td>ユウ yuu </td> <td>유 </td> <td>jau4 </td> <td>do, yêu </td> <td>yuw </td> <td> </td> <td>you2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>申 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>신 </td> <td>san1 </td> <td>thân </td> <td>syin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>shen3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>留 </td> <td>リュウ ryuu </td> <td>류, 유 </td> <td>lau4 </td> <td>lưu </td> <td>ljuw </td> <td> </td> <td>liu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>番 </td> <td>ボン bon バン ban </td> <td>번 </td> <td>faan1 </td> <td>phan, phiên </td> <td>phjon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>fan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>疑 </td> <td>ギ gi </td> <td>의 </td> <td>ji4 </td> <td>nghi, nghĩ </td> <td>ngi </td> <td> </td> <td>yi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>疲 </td> <td>ビ bi ヒ hi </td> <td>피 </td> <td>pei4 </td> <td>bì </td> <td>bje </td> <td> </td> <td>pi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>痛 </td> <td>ツウ tsuu </td> <td>통 </td> <td>tung3 </td> <td>thống </td> <td>thuwngH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>tong4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>登 </td> <td>トウ tou ドウ dou </td> <td>등 </td> <td>dang1 </td> <td>đăng </td> <td>tong </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>deng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>皆 </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>개 </td> <td>gaai1 </td> <td>giai </td> <td>keaj </td> <td> </td> <td>jie1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>盗 </td> <td>ドウ dou < ダウ dau トウ tou < タウ tau </td> <td>도 </td> <td>dou6 </td> <td>đạo </td> <td>dawH </td> <td> </td> <td>dao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>直 </td> <td>チョク choku ジキ jiki < ヂキ diki </td> <td>직, 치 </td> <td>zik6 </td> <td>trực, trị </td> <td>drik, driH </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>相 </td> <td>ソウ sou < サウ sau ショウ shou < シヤウ syau </td> <td>상 </td> <td>soeng1 </td> <td>tương, tướng </td> <td>sjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xiang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>眠 </td> <td>メン men ミン min </td> <td>면 </td> <td>min4 </td> <td>miên </td> <td>men </td> <td>-n </td> <td>mian2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>石 </td> <td>セキ seki シャク shaku </td> <td>석 </td> <td>sek6 </td> <td>thạch </td> <td>dzyek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>shi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>破 </td> <td>ハ ha </td> <td>파 </td> <td>po3 </td> <td>phá </td> <td>phaH </td> <td> </td> <td>po4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>確, 确 </td> <td>カク kaku </td> <td>학 </td> <td>kok3 </td> <td>khác, xác (irr.) </td> <td>khaewk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>que4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>示 </td> <td>ジ ji シ shi </td> <td>시 </td> <td>si6 </td> <td>thị </td> <td>zyijH </td> <td> </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>礼 </td> <td>レイ rei </td> <td>례, 예 </td> <td>lai5 </td> <td>lễ </td> <td>lejX </td> <td> </td> <td>li3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>祖 </td> <td>ソ so </td> <td>조 </td> <td>zou2 </td> <td>tổ </td> <td>tsuX </td> <td> </td> <td>zu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>神 </td> <td>ジン jin シン shin </td> <td>신 </td> <td>san4 </td> <td>thần </td> <td>zyin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>shen2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>福 </td> <td>フク fuku </td> <td>복 </td> <td>fuk1 </td> <td>phúc </td> <td>pjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>fu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>科 </td> <td>カ ka < クワ kwa kwa </td> <td>과 </td> <td>fo1 </td> <td>khoa </td> <td>khwa </td> <td> </td> <td>ke1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>程 </td> <td>テイ tei </td> <td>정 </td> <td>cing4 </td> <td>trình </td> <td>drjeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>cheng2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>種, 种 </td> <td>シュ shu ショウ shou </td> <td>종 </td> <td>zung2 </td> <td>chúng, chủng </td> <td>tsyowngX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zhong3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>積, 积 </td> <td>セキ seki </td> <td>적, 자 </td> <td>zik1 </td> <td>tích, tý </td> <td>tsjeH </td> <td> </td> <td>ji1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>突 </td> <td>ドチ dochi トツ totsu </td> <td>돌 </td> <td>dat6 </td> <td>đột </td> <td>dwot </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>tu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>窓, 窗 (囪) </td> <td>ソウ sou; anche derivato da サウ sau </td> <td>창 </td> <td>coeng1 </td> <td>song (irr.) </td> <td>tsrhaewng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>chuang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>笑 </td> <td>ショウ shou < セウ seu </td> <td>소 </td> <td>siu3 </td> <td>tiếu </td> <td>sjewH </td> <td> </td> <td>xiao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>等 </td> <td>トウ tou </td> <td>등 </td> <td>dang2 </td> <td>đẳng </td> <td>tongX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>deng3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>箱 </td> <td>ショウ shou < シヤウ syau ソウ sou < サウ sau </td> <td>상 </td> <td>soeng1 </td> <td>tương, sương </td> <td>sjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xiang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>米 </td> <td>マイ mai </td> <td>미 </td> <td>mai5 </td> <td>mễ </td> <td>mejX </td> <td> </td> <td>mi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>精 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou </td> <td>정 </td> <td>zing1 </td> <td>tinh </td> <td>tsjeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>約, 约 </td> <td>ヤク yaku </td> <td>약 </td> <td>joek3 </td> <td>ước </td> <td>'jak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yue1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>組, 组 </td> <td>ス su ソ so </td> <td>조 </td> <td>zou2 </td> <td>tổ </td> <td>tsuX </td> <td> </td> <td>zu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>経, 经 < 經 </td> <td>ケイ kei キョウ kyou </td> <td>경 </td> <td>ging1 </td> <td>kinh </td> <td>keng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>給, 给 </td> <td>キュウ kyuu < キフ kifu キョウ kyou < ケフ kefu </td> <td>급 </td> <td>kap1 </td> <td>cấp </td> <td>kip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>gei3, ji3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>絶, 绝 </td> <td>ゼツ zetsu ゼチ zechi </td> <td>절 </td> <td>zyut6 </td> <td>tuyệt </td> <td>dzjwet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>jue4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>続, 续 < 續 </td> <td>ゾク soku ショク shoku </td> <td>속 </td> <td>zuk6 </td> <td>tục </td> <td>zjowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>xu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>緒, 绪 </td> <td>ジョ jou < ジヨ zyo ショ sho < シヨ syo チョ cho < チヨ tyo </td> <td>서, 사 </td> <td>seoi5 </td> <td>tự </td> <td>zjowk </td> <td> </td> <td>xu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>罪 </td> <td>ザイ zai </td> <td>죄 </td> <td>zeoi6 </td> <td>tội </td> <td>dzwojX </td> <td> </td> <td>zui4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>置 </td> <td>チ chi </td> <td>치 </td> <td>zi3 </td> <td>trí </td> <td>triH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>美 </td> <td>ミ mi </td> <td>미 </td> <td>mei5 </td> <td>mĩ, mỹ </td> <td>mijX </td> <td> </td> <td>mei3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>老 </td> <td>ロウ rou < ラウ rau </td> <td>로, 노 </td> <td>lou5 </td> <td>lão </td> <td>lawX </td> <td> </td> <td>lao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>耳 </td> <td>ニ ni </td> <td>이 </td> <td>ji5 </td> <td>nhĩ </td> <td>nyiX </td> <td> </td> <td>er3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>職, 职 </td> <td>シキ shiki ショク shoku </td> <td>직 </td> <td>zik1 </td> <td>chức (irr.) </td> <td>tsyik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>育 </td> <td>イク iku </td> <td>육 </td> <td>juk6 </td> <td>dục </td> <td>yuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>背 </td> <td>バイ bai ハイ hai </td> <td>배 </td> <td>bui3 </td> <td>bối, bội </td> <td>bwojH </td> <td> </td> <td>bei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>能 </td> <td>ノウ nou ノ no </td> <td>능 </td> <td>nang4 </td> <td>năng </td> <td>nong, noj </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>neng2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>腹 </td> <td>フク fuku </td> <td>복 </td> <td>fuk1 </td> <td>phúc </td> <td>pjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>舞 </td> <td>ム mu ブ bu </td> <td>무 </td> <td>mou5 </td> <td>vũ </td> <td>mjuX </td> <td> </td> <td>wu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>船 </td> <td>ゼン zen セン sen </td> <td>선 </td> <td>syun4 </td> <td>thuyền </td> <td>zywen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>chuan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>良 </td> <td>リョウ ryou < リヤウ ryau </td> <td>량, 양 </td> <td>loeng4 </td> <td>lương </td> <td>ljang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>liang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>若 </td> <td>ニャク nyaku </td> <td>약 </td> <td>joek6 </td> <td>nhược </td> <td>nyak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ruo4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>苦 </td> <td>ク ku </td> <td>고 </td> <td>fu2 </td> <td>khổ, cổ </td> <td>khuX </td> <td> </td> <td>ku3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>草 (艸) </td> <td>ソウ sou < サウ sau </td> <td>초 </td> <td>cou2 </td> <td>thảo </td> <td>tshawX </td> <td> </td> <td>cao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>落 </td> <td>ラク raku </td> <td>락, 낙 </td> <td>lok6 </td> <td>lạc </td> <td>lak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>luo4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>葉, 叶 </td> <td>ヨウ you < エフ efu </td> <td>엽 </td> <td>jip6 </td> <td>diếp, diệp </td> <td>yep </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>ye4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>薬, 药 < 藥 </td> <td>ヤク yaku </td> <td>약 </td> <td>joek6 </td> <td>dược </td> <td>'aewk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>術, 术 </td> <td>ジュツ jutsu < ジユツ zyutu </td> <td>술 </td> <td>seot6 </td> <td>thuật </td> <td>zywit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>shu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>表 </td> <td>ヒョウ hyou < ヘウ feu </td> <td>표 </td> <td>biu2 (mostrare) biu1 (superficie) </td> <td>biểu </td> <td>pjewX </td> <td> </td> <td>biao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>要 </td> <td>ヨウ you < エウ eu < yeu イェウ </td> <td>요 </td> <td>jiu3 </td> <td>yêu, yếu </td> <td>'jiew > yao1 'jiewH > yao4 </td> <td> </td> <td>yao4, yao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>規, 规 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>규 </td> <td>kwai1 </td> <td>quy </td> <td>kjwie </td> <td> </td> <td>gui1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>覚, 觉 < 覺 </td> <td>カク kaku </td> <td>각, 교 </td> <td>gaau3 > jiao4 gok3 > jue2 </td> <td>giác, giáo </td> <td>kaewH >jiao4 kaewk >jue2 </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>jiao4, jue2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>観, 观 < 觀 </td> <td>カン kan < クワン kwan </td> <td>관 </td> <td>gun1 </td> <td>quan, quán </td> <td>kwan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>guan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>解 </td> <td>ゲ ge カイ kai (tutti gli hokkien: kài) </td> <td>해 </td> <td>gaai2; haai6, haai5 </td> <td>giái, giải, giới </td> <td>keaX </td> <td> </td> <td>jie3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>記, 记 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>기 </td> <td>gei3 </td> <td>kí, ký </td> <td>kiH </td> <td> </td> <td>ji4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>訪, 访 </td> <td>ホウ hou < ハゥ hau </td> <td>방 </td> <td>fong2 </td> <td>phóng, phỏng </td> <td>phjangH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>fang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>許, 许 </td> <td>キョ kyo </td> <td>허 </td> <td>heoi2 </td> <td>hổ, hử </td> <td>xjoX </td> <td> </td> <td>xu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>認, 认 </td> <td>ニン nin </td> <td>인 </td> <td>jing6 </td> <td>nhận </td> <td>nyinH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ren4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>誤, 误 </td> <td>グ gu ゴ go </td> <td>오 </td> <td>ng6 </td> <td>ngộ </td> <td>nguH </td> <td> </td> <td>wu5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>説, 说 </td> <td>セツ setsu セチ sechi </td> <td>설 </td> <td>syut3 </td> <td>thuyết </td> <td>sywet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>shuo1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>調, 调 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < デウ deu チョウ chou < テウ teu </td> <td>조 </td> <td>diu6 </td> <td>điều, điệu </td> <td>dew (>tiao4) </td> <td> </td> <td>tiao2, diao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>談, 谈 </td> <td>ダン dan < ダム damu タン tan < タム tamu </td> <td>담 </td> <td>taam4 </td> <td>đàm </td> <td>dam </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>tan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>論, 论 </td> <td>ロン ron </td> <td>론, 논 </td> <td>leon6 </td> <td>luân, luận </td> <td>lwon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>lun2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>識, 识 </td> <td>シキ shiki </td> <td>식 </td> <td>sik1 </td> <td>thức </td> <td>syik </td> <td> </td> <td>shi5, shi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>警 </td> <td>ケイ kei キョウ kyou </td> <td>경 </td> <td>ging2 </td> <td>cảnh </td> <td>kjaengX, kjiengX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jing3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>議, 议 </td> <td>ギ gi </td> <td>의 </td> <td>ji5 </td> <td>nghị </td> <td>ngjeH </td> <td> </td> <td>yi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>負, 负 </td> <td>フ fu ブ bu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu6 </td> <td>phụ </td> <td>bjuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>財, 财 </td> <td>ザイ zai サイ sai </td> <td>재 </td> <td>coi4 </td> <td>tài </td> <td>dzoj </td> <td> </td> <td>cai2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>貧, 贫 </td> <td>ビン bin ヒン hin </td> <td>빈 </td> <td>pan4 </td> <td>bần </td> <td>bin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>pin2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>責, 责 </td> <td>セキ seki </td> <td>책 </td> <td>zaak3 </td> <td>trách </td> <td>tsreak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ze2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>費, 费 </td> <td>ヒ hi </td> <td>비 </td> <td>fai3 </td> <td>phỉ, bí, bỉ </td> <td>phj+jH </td> <td> </td> <td>fei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>資, 资 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>자 </td> <td>zi1 </td> <td>tư </td> <td>tsij </td> <td> </td> <td>zi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>賛, 赞 < 贊 </td> <td>サン san </td> <td>찬 </td> <td>zaan3 </td> <td>tán </td> <td>tsanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>zan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>越 </td> <td>ガチ gachi < グワチ gwati オチ ochi < ヲチ woti エツ etsu < ヱツ wetu </td> <td>월 </td> <td>jyut6 </td> <td>việt, hoạt </td> <td>hjwot </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>yue4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>路 </td> <td>ル ru ロ ro </td> <td>로, 노 </td> <td>lou6 </td> <td>lộ </td> <td>luH </td> <td> </td> <td>lu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>身 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>신 </td> <td>san1 </td> <td>thân </td> <td>syin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>shen1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>辞 </td> <td>ジ ji </td> <td>사 </td> <td>ci4 </td> <td>từ </td> <td>ziH </td> <td> </td> <td>ci2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>込 kokuji (国字) </td> <td>- - - </td> <td>(~입) </td> <td>(~yap6) </td> <td>(~nhập) </td> <td>giapponese: こむ ko.mu, こみ ko.mi </td> <td> </td> <td>(~ru4) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>迎 </td> <td>ギョウ gyou ゲイ gei </td> <td>영 </td> <td>jing4 </td> <td>nghinh, nghênh </td> <td>ngjaeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ying2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>返 </td> <td>ホン hon ヘン hen ハン han </td> <td>반 </td> <td>faan2, faan1 </td> <td>phiên, phản </td> <td>pjonX </td> <td> </td> <td>fan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>迷 </td> <td>メイ mei </td> <td>미 </td> <td>mai4 </td> <td>mê </td> <td>mej </td> <td> </td> <td>mi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>追 </td> <td>ツイ tsui </td> <td>추 </td> <td>zeoi1 </td> <td>truy, đôi </td> <td>trwij </td> <td> </td> <td>zhui1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>退 </td> <td>タイ tai </td> <td>퇴 </td> <td>teoi3 </td> <td>thoái, thối </td> <td>thwojH </td> <td> </td> <td>tui3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>逃 </td> <td>ドウ dou < ダウ dau トウ tou < タウ tau </td> <td>도 </td> <td>tou4 </td> <td>đào </td> <td>daw </td> <td> </td> <td>tao2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>途 </td> <td>ズ zu ト to </td> <td>도 </td> <td>tou4 </td> <td>đồ </td> <td>du </td> <td> </td> <td>tu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>速 </td> <td>ソク soku </td> <td>속 </td> <td>cuk1 </td> <td>tốc </td> <td>suwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>su4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>連, 连 </td> <td>レン ren </td> <td>련, 연 </td> <td>lin4 </td> <td>liên, liễn </td> <td>ljen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>lian2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>進, 进 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>진 </td> <td>zeon3 </td> <td>tiến, tấn </td> <td>tsinH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jin4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>遅, 迟 < 遲 </td> <td>ジ ji < ヂ di チ chi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>ci4 </td> <td>trì, trí, trĩ </td> <td>(直尼切) </td> <td> </td> <td>chi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>遊, 游 </td> <td>ユウ yuu </td> <td>유 </td> <td>jau4 </td> <td>du </td> <td>yuw </td> <td> </td> <td>you2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>過, 过 </td> <td>カ ka < クワ kwa </td> <td>과 </td> <td>gwo3 </td> <td>qua, quá </td> <td>kwaH </td> <td> </td> <td>guo4, guo5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>達, 达 </td> <td>ダチ dachi タツ tatsu </td> <td>달 </td> <td>daat6 </td> <td>đạt </td> <td>dat </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>da2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>違, 违 </td> <td>イ i < ヰ wi </td> <td>위 </td> <td>wai4 </td> <td>vi, vy </td> <td>hjw+j </td> <td> </td> <td>wei2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>遠, 远 </td> <td>オン on < ヲン won エン en < ヱン wen </td> <td>원 </td> <td>jyun5 </td> <td>viến, viển, viễn </td> <td>hjwonX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yuan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>適, 适 </td> <td>テキ teki </td> <td>적 </td> <td>sik1 </td> <td>thích, trích </td> <td>tsyek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>選, 选 </td> <td>セン sen </td> <td>선 </td> <td>syun2 </td> <td>toán, tuyến </td> <td>sjwenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xuan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>部 </td> <td>ブ bu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>bou6 </td> <td>bẫu, bộ </td> <td>buwX </td> <td> </td> <td>bu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>都 </td> <td>ツ tsu ト to </td> <td>도 </td> <td>dou1 </td> <td>đô </td> <td>tu </td> <td> </td> <td>dou1, du1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>配 </td> <td>ハイ hai </td> <td>배 </td> <td>pui3 </td> <td>phối </td> <td>phwojH </td> <td> </td> <td>pei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>酒 </td> <td>しゅう shuu < しう syu シュ shu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zau2 </td> <td>tửu </td> <td>tsjuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>jiu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>閉, 闭 </td> <td>ヘイ hei </td> <td>폐 </td> <td>bai3 </td> <td>bế </td> <td>pejH </td> <td> </td> <td>bi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>関, 关 < 關 </td> <td>ケン ken < kwen カン kan < クヮン kwan </td> <td>관 </td> <td>gwaan1 </td> <td>quan </td> <td>kwaen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>guan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>阪, 坂 </td> <td>ハン han </td> <td>판 </td> <td>baan2, faan2 </td> <td>bản, phản </td> <td>baenX, pjonX </td> <td> </td> <td>ban3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>降 </td> <td>コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>강 </td> <td>gong3 </td> <td>giáng </td> <td>kaewngH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jiang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>限 </td> <td>ゲン gen </td> <td>한 </td> <td>haan6 </td> <td>hạn </td> <td>heanX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>除 </td> <td>ジョ jo < ヂヨ dyo チョ cho < チヨ tyo </td> <td>제 </td> <td>ceoi4 </td> <td>trừ </td> <td>drjo </td> <td> </td> <td>chu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>険, 险 </td> <td>ケン ken < ケム kemu </td> <td>험 </td> <td>him2 </td> <td>hiểm </td> <td>xjaemX, xjemX </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>xian3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>陽, 阳 </td> <td>ヨウ you < ヤウ yau </td> <td>양 </td> <td>joeng4 </td> <td>dương </td> <td>yang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>yang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>際, 际 </td> <td>サイ sai (cantonese: zai3) セイ sei </td> <td>제 </td> <td>zai3 </td> <td>tế </td> <td>tsjejH </td> <td> </td> <td>ji4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>雑, 杂 < 雜 </td> <td>ゾウ zou < ゾフ zofu ザツ zatsu (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>잡 </td> <td>zaap6 </td> <td>tạp </td> <td>dzop </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>za2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>難, 难 </td> <td>ナン nan </td> <td>난 </td> <td>naan4 </td> <td>nan, nạn </td> <td>nan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>nan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>雪 </td> <td>セチ sechi セツ setsu </td> <td>설 </td> <td>syut3 </td> <td>tuyết </td> <td>sjwet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>xue3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>静 </td> <td>ジョウ jou </td> <td>정 </td> <td>zing6 </td> <td>tĩnh, tịnh </td> <td>dzjengX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jing4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>非 </td> <td>ヒ hi </td> <td>비 </td> <td>fei1 </td> <td>phi, phỉ </td> <td>pj+j </td> <td> </td> <td>fei1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>面 </td> <td>メン men </td> <td>면 </td> <td>min6 </td> <td>miến </td> <td>mjienH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>mian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>靴 </td> <td>カ ka < クワ kwa </td> <td>화 </td> <td>hoe1 </td> <td>ngoa </td> <td>(許𦚢[yue1]切) </td> <td> </td> <td>xue1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>頂, 顶 </td> <td>チョウ chou テイ tei </td> <td>정 </td> <td>ding2, deng2 </td> <td>đính, đỉnh </td> <td>tengX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ding3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>頭, 头 </td> <td>ズ zu < ヅ du トウ tou </td> <td>두 </td> <td>tau4 </td> <td>đầu </td> <td>duw </td> <td> </td> <td>tou2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>頼, 赖 < 賴 </td> <td>ライ rai </td> <td>뢰, 뇌 </td> <td>laai6 </td> <td>lại </td> <td>lajH </td> <td> </td> <td>lai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>顔, 颜 </td> <td>ゲン gen ガン gan </td> <td>안 </td> <td>ngaan4 </td> <td>nhan </td> <td>ngaen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>願, 愿 </td> <td>ゲン gen < グヱン gwen ガン gan < グワン gwan </td> <td>원 </td> <td>jyun6 </td> <td>nguyện </td> <td>ngjwonH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yuan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>類, 类 </td> <td>ルイ rui < ルヰ ruwi (<a href="/wiki/Lingua_hakka" title="Lingua hakka">Hakka</a>, tutti gli <a href="/wiki/Dialetti_hokkien" title="Dialetti hokkien">Hokkien</a>: lūi) ライ rai </td> <td>류, 유 </td> <td>leoi6 </td> <td>loại </td> <td>lwojH </td> <td> </td> <td>lei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>飛, 飞 </td> <td>ヒ hi </td> <td>비 </td> <td>fei1 </td> <td>phi </td> <td>pj+j </td> <td> </td> <td>fei1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>首 </td> <td>シュ shu </td> <td>수 </td> <td>sau2 </td> <td>thú, thủ </td> <td>syuwH </td> <td> </td> <td>shou3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>馬, 马 </td> <td>メ me </td> <td>마 </td> <td>maa5 </td> <td>mã </td> <td>maeX </td> <td> </td> <td>ma3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>髪, 发 </td> <td>ハツ hatsu </td> <td>발 </td> <td>faat3 </td> <td>phát </td> <td>pjot </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>fa4, fa5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>鳴, 鸣 </td> <td>メイ mei ミョウ myou </td> <td>명 </td> <td>ming4 </td> <td>minh </td> <td>mjaeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ming2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>並, 并 (竝) </td> <td>ビョウ byou < ビャゥ byau ヘイ hei </td> <td>병 </td> <td>bing3, bing6 </td> <td>bính </td> <td>pjieng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>bing4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>丸 </td> <td>ガン gan < グヮン gwan カン kan < クヮン kwan </td> <td>환 </td> <td>jyun2 </td> <td>hoàn </td> <td>hwan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>久 </td> <td>キュウ kyuu </td> <td>구 </td> <td>gau2 </td> <td>cửu </td> <td>kjuwX </td> <td> </td> <td>jiu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>乱 </td> <td>ラン ran ロン ron </td> <td>란, 난 </td> <td>lyun6 </td> <td>loạn </td> <td>lwanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>luan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>乳 </td> <td>ニュウ nyuu </td> <td>유 </td> <td>jyu5 </td> <td>nhũ </td> <td>nyuX </td> <td> </td> <td>ru3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>乾 </td> <td>カン kan ケン ken </td> <td>건 </td> <td>gon1 </td> <td>kiền, can, càn </td> <td>gjen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>qian2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>了 </td> <td>リョウ ryou < レウ reu </td> <td>료, 요 </td> <td>liu5 </td> <td>liễu, liệu </td> <td>lewX (da 瞭) </td> <td> </td> <td>liao3, le5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>介 </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>개 </td> <td>gaai3 </td> <td>giới </td> <td>keajH, keat </td> <td> </td> <td>jie4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>仏, 佛 </td> <td>ブツ butsu フツ futsu </td> <td>불 </td> <td>fat6 </td> <td>bật, phất </td> <td>(敷勿切) </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>fo2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>令 </td> <td>リョウ ryou < リャウ ryau レイ rei </td> <td>령, 영 </td> <td>ling6 </td> <td>linh, lệnh </td> <td>ljengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ling4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>仲 </td> <td>ジュウ jou < ヂユウ dyou チュウ chuu < チユウ tyou </td> <td>중 </td> <td>zung6 </td> <td>trọng </td> <td>tsyowngH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zhong4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>伸 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>신 </td> <td>san1 </td> <td>thân </td> <td>syin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>shen1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>伺 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>사 </td> <td>zi6 </td> <td>tí, tý </td> <td>(相吏切) </td> <td> </td> <td>ci4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>低 </td> <td>テイ tei </td> <td>저 </td> <td>dai1 </td> <td>đê </td> <td>tej </td> <td> </td> <td>di1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>依 </td> <td>イ i エ e </td> <td>의 </td> <td>ji1 </td> <td>y, ỷ </td> <td>'j+j </td> <td> </td> <td>yi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>個, 个 </td> <td>カ ka コ ko </td> <td>개 </td> <td>go3 </td> <td>cá </td> <td>kaH </td> <td> </td> <td>ge4, ge5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>倍 </td> <td>バイ bai </td> <td>배 </td> <td>pui5 </td> <td>bội </td> <td>bwojX </td> <td> </td> <td>bei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>停 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ヂャゥ dyau テイ tei </td> <td>정 </td> <td>ting4 </td> <td>đình </td> <td>deng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ting </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>傾, 倾 </td> <td>キョウ kyou < キャゥ kyau ケイ kei </td> <td>경 </td> <td>king1 </td> <td>khuynh </td> <td>khjwieng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>qing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>像 </td> <td>ゾウ zou < ザウ zau ショウ shou < シャウ shau </td> <td>상 </td> <td>zoeng6 </td> <td>tương, tượng </td> <td>zjangX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xiang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>億, 亿 </td> <td>オク oku </td> <td>억 </td> <td>jik1 </td> <td>ức </td> <td>'ik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>兆 </td> <td>ジョウ jou チョウ chou </td> <td>조 </td> <td>siu6 </td> <td>triệu </td> <td>drjewX </td> <td> </td> <td>zhao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>児, 儿 </td> <td>ニ ni </td> <td>이 </td> <td>ji4 </td> <td>nhi </td> <td>nye </td> <td> </td> <td>er2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>党 </td> <td>トウ tou < タゥ tau </td> <td>당 </td> <td>dong2 </td> <td>đảng </td> <td>tangX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>dang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>兵 </td> <td>ヒョウ hyou < ヒャゥ hyau ヘイ hei </td> <td>병 </td> <td>bing1 </td> <td>binh </td> <td>pjaeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>bing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>冊, 册 </td> <td>サツ satsu サク saku </td> <td>책 </td> <td>caak3 </td> <td>sách </td> <td>tsrheak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ce4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>再 </td> <td>サイ sai </td> <td>재 </td> <td>zoi3 </td> <td>tái </td> <td>tsojH </td> <td> </td> <td>zai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>凍, 冻 </td> <td>トウ tou </td> <td>동 </td> <td>dung3 </td> <td>đông, đống </td> <td>tuwngH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>dong4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>刊 </td> <td>カン kan </td> <td>간 </td> <td>hon2 </td> <td>khan </td> <td>khan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>kan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>刷 </td> <td>セチ sechi サツ satsu </td> <td>쇄 </td> <td>caat3 </td> <td>xoát </td> <td>srjwet, srwaet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>shua1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>券 </td> <td>コン kon ケン ken < クヱン kwen </td> <td>권 </td> <td>gyun3 </td> <td>khoán </td> <td>khjwonH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>quan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>刺 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>자, 척 </td> <td>ci3 </td> <td>thích, thứ </td> <td>tshjeH, tshjek </td> <td> </td> <td>ci1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>則, 则 </td> <td>ソク soku </td> <td>칙 </td> <td>zak1 </td> <td>tắc </td> <td>tsok </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ze2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>副 </td> <td>フ fu フク huku </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu3 </td> <td>phó, phốc </td> <td>phjuwH </td> <td> </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>劇, 剧 </td> <td>ギャク gyaku ゲキ geki </td> <td>극 </td> <td>kek6 </td> <td>kịch </td> <td>gjaek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ju4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>効, 效 </td> <td>ギョウ gyou < ゲウ geu コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>효 </td> <td>haau6 </td> <td>hiệu </td> <td>haewH </td> <td> </td> <td>xiao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>勇 </td> <td>ユウ yuu </td> <td>용 </td> <td>jung5 </td> <td>dũng </td> <td>yowngX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>yong </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>募 </td> <td>モ mo ボ bo </td> <td>모 </td> <td>mou6 </td> <td>mộ </td> <td>muH </td> <td> </td> <td>mu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>勢, 势 </td> <td>セイ sei ゼイ zei </td> <td>세 </td> <td>sai3 </td> <td>thế </td> <td>syejH </td> <td> </td> <td>shi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>包 </td> <td>ホウ hou < ハウ fau </td> <td>포 </td> <td>baau1 </td> <td>bao </td> <td>paew </td> <td> </td> <td>bao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>匹 </td> <td>ヒツ hitsu ヒチ hichi </td> <td>필 </td> <td>pat1 </td> <td>thất (irr.) </td> <td>phjit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>pi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>区, 區 </td> <td>ク ku オウ ou </td> <td>구 </td> <td>keoi1 </td> <td>khu </td> <td>khju </td> <td> </td> <td>qu1, ou1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>卒, 猝 </td> <td>ソツ sotsu シュツ shutsu </td> <td>졸 </td> <td>cyut3 </td> <td>thốt </td> <td>tshwot </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>cu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>協, 协 </td> <td>キョウ kyou < ケフ kefu </td> <td>협 </td> <td>hip3 </td> <td>hiệp </td> <td>xjaep </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>xie2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>占 </td> <td>セン sen < セム semu </td> <td>점 </td> <td>zim1 </td> <td>chiêm, chiếm </td> <td>tsyem </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>zhan1, zhan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>印 </td> <td>イン in </td> <td>인 </td> <td>jan3 </td> <td>ấn </td> <td>'jinH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yin4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>卵 </td> <td>ラン ran </td> <td>란, 난 </td> <td>leon2 </td> <td>noãn (irr.) </td> <td>lwanX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>luan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>厚 </td> <td>グ gu コウ kou </td> <td>후 </td> <td>hau5 </td> <td>hậu </td> <td>huwX </td> <td> </td> <td>hou4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>双, 雙 </td> <td>ソウ sou < サゥ sau </td> <td>쌍 </td> <td>soeng1 </td> <td>song </td> <td>sraewng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>shuang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>叫 </td> <td>キョウ kyou < ケウ keu </td> <td>규 </td> <td>giu3 </td> <td>khiếu </td> <td>kewH </td> <td> </td> <td>jiao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>召 </td> <td>ショウ shou </td> <td>조 </td> <td>ziu6 </td> <td>thiệu, chiêu </td> <td>drjewH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>史 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>사 </td> <td>si2 </td> <td>sử </td> <td>sriX </td> <td> </td> <td>shi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>各 </td> <td>カク kaku </td> <td>각 </td> <td>gok3 </td> <td>các </td> <td>kak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ge4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>含 </td> <td>ゴン gon < ゴム gomu カン kan < カム kamu ガン gan (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>함 </td> <td>ham4 </td> <td>hàm, hám </td> <td>hom </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>han2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>周 </td> <td>シュウ shuu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zau1 </td> <td>chu, châu </td> <td>tsyuw(X) </td> <td> </td> <td>zhou1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>咲, 笑 </td> <td>ショウ shou < セウ seu </td> <td>소 </td> <td>siu3 </td> <td>tiếu </td> <td>sjewH </td> <td> </td> <td>xiao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>喫 (+吃) </td> <td>キツ kitsu </td> <td>끽;흘 (吃) </td> <td>hek3 </td> <td>khiết </td> <td>kj+t </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>chi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>営, 营, 營 </td> <td>ヨウ you < ヤゥ yau エイ ei </td> <td>영 </td> <td>jing4 </td> <td>dinh, doanh </td> <td>yweng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ying2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>団, 团 </td> <td>ダン dan タン tan トン ton </td> <td>단 </td> <td>tyun4 </td> <td>đoàn </td> <td>dwan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>tuan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>囲, 围 </td> <td>イ i < ヰ wi </td> <td>위 </td> <td>wai4 </td> <td>vi, vy </td> <td>hjw+j </td> <td> </td> <td>wei2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>固 </td> <td>ク ku コ ko </td> <td>고 </td> <td>gu3 </td> <td>cố </td> <td>kuH </td> <td> </td> <td>gu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>圧, 压, 壓 </td> <td>ヨウ you < エフ efu オウ ou < アフ afu アツ atsu (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>압 </td> <td>aat3 (irr.) </td> <td>yếp, áp </td> <td>'jiep </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>ya1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>坂, 阪 (trad.) </td> <td>ベン ben ハン han </td> <td>판 </td> <td>baan2, faan2 </td> <td>bản, phản </td> <td>baenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ban3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>均 </td> <td>キン kin </td> <td>균 </td> <td>gwan1 </td> <td>quân </td> <td>kjwin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jun1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>型 </td> <td>ギョウ gyou < ギャゥ gyau ケイ kei </td> <td>형 </td> <td>jing4 </td> <td>hình </td> <td>(戶經切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xing2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>埋 </td> <td>マイ mai </td> <td>매 </td> <td>maai4 </td> <td>mai </td> <td>meaj </td> <td> </td> <td>mai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>城 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ジヤウ zyau セイ sei </td> <td>성 </td> <td>sing4 </td> <td>thành </td> <td>dzyeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>cheng2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>域 </td> <td>イキ iki < ヰキ wiki </td> <td>역 </td> <td>wik6 </td> <td>vực </td> <td>hwik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>塔 </td> <td>トウ tou < タフ tafu </td> <td>탑 </td> <td>taap3 </td> <td>tháp, đáp </td> <td>(土盍切) </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>ta3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>塗, 涂 </td> <td>ズ zu ド do ト to </td> <td>도 </td> <td>tou4 </td> <td>đồ, độ </td> <td>du </td> <td> </td> <td>tu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>塩, 盐 </td> <td>エン en < エム emu </td> <td>염 </td> <td>jim4 </td> <td>diêm </td> <td>yem </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>yan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>境 </td> <td>キョウ kyou ケイ kei </td> <td>경 </td> <td>ging2 </td> <td>cảnh </td> <td>(居領切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jing4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>央 </td> <td>ヨウ you オウ ou </td> <td>앙 </td> <td>joeng1 </td> <td>ương </td> <td>'jaeng, 'jang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>yang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>奥 </td> <td>オウ ou < アウ au </td> <td>오 </td> <td>ou3 </td> <td>áo </td> <td>'awH </td> <td> </td> <td>ao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>姓 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou < シャゥ syau </td> <td>성 </td> <td>sing3 </td> <td>tính </td> <td>sjengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xing4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>委 </td> <td>イ i </td> <td>위 </td> <td>wai2 </td> <td>uy, uỷ </td> <td>'jweX </td> <td> </td> <td>wei3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>季 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>계 </td> <td>gwai3 </td> <td>quý </td> <td>kjwijH </td> <td> </td> <td>ji4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>孫, 孙 </td> <td>ソン son </td> <td>손 </td> <td>syun1 </td> <td>tôn, tốn </td> <td>swon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>sun1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>宇 </td> <td>ウ u </td> <td>우 </td> <td>jyu5 </td> <td>vũ </td> <td>hjuX </td> <td> </td> <td>yu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>宝 </td> <td>ホウ hou </td> <td>보 </td> <td>bou2 </td> <td>bảo </td> <td>pawX </td> <td> </td> <td>bao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>寺 </td> <td>ジ ji </td> <td>사 </td> <td>zi6 </td> <td>tự </td> <td>ziH </td> <td> </td> <td>si4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>封 </td> <td>フウ fuu ホウ hou </td> <td>봉 </td> <td>fung1 </td> <td>phong </td> <td>pjowng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>feng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>専, 专 < 專 </td> <td>セン sen </td> <td>전 </td> <td>zyun1 </td> <td>chuyên </td> <td>tsywen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>zhuan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>将 </td> <td>ショウ shou < シャゥ syau ソウ sou < サゥ sau </td> <td>장 </td> <td>zoeng1 </td> <td>tương, thương </td> <td>tsjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jiang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>尊 </td> <td>ソン son </td> <td>존 </td> <td>zyun1 </td> <td>tôn </td> <td>tswon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>zun1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>導, 导 </td> <td>ドウ dou < ダウ dau </td> <td>도 </td> <td>dou6 </td> <td>đạo </td> <td>dawH </td> <td> </td> <td>dao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>届 (屆) </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>계 </td> <td>gaai3 </td> <td>giới </td> <td>keajH </td> <td> </td> <td>jie4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>層, 层 </td> <td>ゾウ zou ソウ sou </td> <td>층 </td> <td>cang4 </td> <td>tằng </td> <td>dzong </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ceng2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>岩 </td> <td>ゲン gen ガン gan </td> <td>암 </td> <td>ngaam4 </td> <td>nham </td> <td>ngaem </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>yan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>岸 </td> <td>ガン gan </td> <td>안 </td> <td>ngon6 </td> <td>ngạn </td> <td>nganH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>an4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>島, 岛 </td> <td>トウ tou < タウ tau </td> <td>도 </td> <td>dou2 </td> <td>đảo </td> <td>tawX </td> <td> </td> <td>dao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>州 </td> <td>シュウ shuu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zau1 </td> <td>châu </td> <td>tsyuw </td> <td> </td> <td>zhou1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>巨 </td> <td>ゴ gu キョ kyo </td> <td>거 </td> <td>geoi6 </td> <td>cự </td> <td>gjoX </td> <td> </td> <td>ju1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>巻, 卷 </td> <td>ケン ken < クヱン kwen カン kan < クヮン kwan (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>권 </td> <td>gyun2 </td> <td>quyến, quyền </td> <td>kjwenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>juan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>布 </td> <td>フ fu </td> <td>보 </td> <td>bou3 </td> <td>bố </td> <td>puH </td> <td> </td> <td>bu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>希 </td> <td>キ ki ケ ke </td> <td>희 </td> <td>hei1 </td> <td>hi, hy </td> <td>xj+j </td> <td> </td> <td>xi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>帯, 带 </td> <td>タイ tai </td> <td>대 </td> <td>daai3 </td> <td>đái, đới </td> <td>tajH </td> <td> </td> <td>dai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>帽 </td> <td>モウ mou </td> <td>모 </td> <td>mou2, mou6 </td> <td>mạo </td> <td>(莫報切) </td> <td> </td> <td>mao2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>幅 </td> <td>フク fuku </td> <td>폭 </td> <td>fuk1 </td> <td>bức, phúc </td> <td>pjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>干 </td> <td>カン kan </td> <td>간 </td> <td>gon3, gon1 </td> <td>can, cán </td> <td>kan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>gan1, gan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>幼 </td> <td>ヨウ you </td> <td>유 </td> <td>jau3 </td> <td>yếu, ấu </td> <td>'jiwH </td> <td> </td> <td>you4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>庁, 厅 </td> <td>チョウ chou テイ tei </td> <td>청 </td> <td>teng1 </td> <td>thính, sảnh </td> <td>(他丁切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ting1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>床 </td> <td>ジョウ jou < ジヤウ zyau ショウ shou (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>상 </td> <td>cong4 </td> <td>sàng (irr.) </td> <td>dzrjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>chuang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>底 </td> <td>テイ tei </td> <td>저 </td> <td>dai2 </td> <td>để </td> <td>tejX </td> <td> </td> <td>di3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>府 </td> <td>フ fu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu2 </td> <td>phủ </td> <td>pjuX </td> <td> </td> <td>fu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>庫, 库 </td> <td>ク ku コ ko </td> <td>고 </td> <td>fu3 </td> <td>khố </td> <td>khuH </td> <td> </td> <td>ku4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>延 </td> <td>エン en </td> <td>연 </td> <td>jin4 </td> <td>diên, duyên </td> <td>yen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>弱 </td> <td>ニャク nyaku ジャク jaku </td> <td>약 </td> <td>joek6 </td> <td>nhược </td> <td>nyak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ruo4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>律 </td> <td>リツ ritsu リチ richi レツ retsu </td> <td>률, 율 </td> <td>leot6 </td> <td>luật </td> <td>lwit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>lv4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>復, 复 </td> <td>フク huku </td> <td>복 </td> <td>fuk1 </td> <td>phúc, phục </td> <td>bjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>快 </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>쾌 </td> <td>faai3 </td> <td>khoái </td> <td>khwaejH </td> <td> </td> <td>kuai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>恋 </td> <td>レン ren </td> <td>련, 연 </td> <td>lyun2 </td> <td>luyến </td> <td>ljwenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>lian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>患 </td> <td>カン kan </td> <td>환 </td> <td>waan6 </td> <td>hoạn </td> <td>hwaenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>huan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>悩, 恼 </td> <td>ノウ nou </td> <td>뇌 </td> <td>nou5 </td> <td>não </td> <td>(奴皓切) </td> <td> </td> <td>nao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>憎 </td> <td>ゾウ zou </td> <td>증 </td> <td>zang1 </td> <td>tăng </td> <td>tsong </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zeng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>戸 (cinese 户 < 戶) </td> <td>コ ko </td> <td>호 </td> <td>wu6 </td> <td>hộ </td> <td>huX </td> <td> </td> <td>hu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>承 </td> <td>ショウ shou ジョウ jou </td> <td>승 </td> <td>sing4 </td> <td>tặng </td> <td>dzying </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>cheng4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>技 </td> <td>ギ gi </td> <td>기 </td> <td>gei6 </td> <td>kĩ, kỹ </td> <td>gjeX </td> <td> </td> <td>ji4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>担 </td> <td>タン tan </td> <td>담 </td> <td>daam1 </td> <td>đam, đãn, đảm </td> <td>tamH </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>dan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>拝, 拜 </td> <td>ハイ hai </td> <td>배 </td> <td>baai3 </td> <td>bái </td> <td>peajH </td> <td> </td> <td>bai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>拾 </td> <td>シュウ shuu ジュウ juu </td> <td>습 </td> <td>sap6 </td> <td>thiệp, thập </td> <td>dzyip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>shi5, shi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>挟, 夹 </td> <td>キョウ kyou ショウ shou </td> <td>협 </td> <td>hip6 (挟) gaap3 (夹) </td> <td>hiệp, giáp, kiếp </td> <td>keap </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>xie2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>捜, 搜 </td> <td>ソウ sou シュウ shuu </td> <td>수 </td> <td>sau2 </td> <td>sảo, sưu </td> <td>srjuw </td> <td> </td> <td>sou1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>捨, 舍 </td> <td>シャ sha </td> <td>사 </td> <td>se2 </td> <td>xá, xả </td> <td>syaeX > she3 syaeH > she4 </td> <td> </td> <td>she3, she4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>掃, 扫 </td> <td>ソウ sou シュ shu </td> <td>소 </td> <td>sou3 </td> <td>táo, tảo </td> <td>sawH, sawX </td> <td> </td> <td>sao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>掘 </td> <td>クツ kutsu </td> <td>굴 </td> <td>gwat6 </td> <td>quật </td> <td>gjut </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>jue2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>採, 采 </td> <td>サイ sai </td> <td>채 </td> <td>coi2 </td> <td>thái, thải </td> <td>tshojX </td> <td> </td> <td>cai3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>接 </td> <td>セツ setsu ショウ shou </td> <td>접 </td> <td>zip3 </td> <td>tiếp </td> <td>tsjep </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>jie1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>換, 换 </td> <td>カン kan </td> <td>환 </td> <td>wun6 </td> <td>hoán </td> <td>hwanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>huan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>損, 损 </td> <td>ソン son </td> <td>손 </td> <td>syun2 </td> <td>tổn </td> <td>swonX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>sun3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>改 </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>개 </td> <td>goi2 </td> <td>cải </td> <td>kojX </td> <td> </td> <td>gai3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>敬 </td> <td>ケイ kei キョウ kyou </td> <td>경 </td> <td>ging3 </td> <td>kính </td> <td>kjaengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jing4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>旧 </td> <td>キュウ kyuu </td> <td>구 </td> <td>gau6 </td> <td>cựu </td> <td>gjuwH </td> <td> </td> <td>jiu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>昇, 升 </td> <td>ショウ shou </td> <td>승 </td> <td>sing1 </td> <td>thăng </td> <td>sying </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>sheng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>星 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou </td> <td>성 </td> <td>sing1 </td> <td>tinh </td> <td>dzjeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>普 </td> <td>フ fu </td> <td>보 </td> <td>pou2 </td> <td>phổ </td> <td>phuX </td> <td> </td> <td>pu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>暴 </td> <td>ボウ bou バク baku </td> <td>폭 </td> <td>bou6, buk6 </td> <td>bão, bạo, bộc </td> <td>bawH </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>bao4, pu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>曇, 昙 </td> <td>ドン don </td> <td>담 </td> <td>taam4 </td> <td>đàm </td> <td>(徒含切) </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>tan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>替 </td> <td>タイ tai </td> <td>체 </td> <td>tai3 </td> <td>thế </td> <td>thejH </td> <td> </td> <td>ti4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>札 </td> <td>サツ satsu </td> <td>찰 </td> <td>zaat3 </td> <td>trát </td> <td>tsreat </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>zha2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>机, 機 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>기, 궤 </td> <td>gei1 </td> <td>cơ, ki, ky </td> <td>kijX </td> <td> </td> <td>ji1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>材 </td> <td>ザイ zai </td> <td>재 </td> <td>coi4 </td> <td>tài </td> <td>dzoj </td> <td> </td> <td>cai2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>村 </td> <td>ソン son </td> <td>촌 </td> <td>cyun1 </td> <td>thôn </td> <td>(此尊切) </td> <td>-n </td> <td>cun1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>板 </td> <td>ハン han バン ban </td> <td>판 </td> <td>baan2 </td> <td>bản </td> <td>paenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ban3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>林 </td> <td>リン rin </td> <td>림, 임 </td> <td>lam4 </td> <td>lâm </td> <td>lim </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>lin2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>枚 </td> <td>マイ mai </td> <td>매 </td> <td>mui4 </td> <td>mai </td> <td>mwoj </td> <td> </td> <td>mei2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>枝 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>zi1 </td> <td>chi, kì, kỳ (irr.) </td> <td>tsye </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>枯 </td> <td>コ ko </td> <td>고 </td> <td>fu1 </td> <td>khô </td> <td>khu </td> <td> </td> <td>ju2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>柔 </td> <td>ニュウ nyuu </td> <td>유 </td> <td>jau4 </td> <td>nhu </td> <td>nyuw </td> <td> </td> <td>rou2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>柱 </td> <td>チュウ chuu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>cyu5 </td> <td>trú, trụ </td> <td>drjuX </td> <td> </td> <td>zhu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>査, 查 </td> <td>サ sa </td> <td>사 </td> <td>caa4 </td> <td>tra </td> <td>dzrea </td> <td> </td> <td>cha2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>栄, 荣, 榮 </td> <td>エイ ei ヨウ you </td> <td>영 </td> <td>wing4 </td> <td>vinh </td> <td>hjwaeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>rong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>根 </td> <td>コン kon </td> <td>근 </td> <td>gan1 </td> <td>căn </td> <td>kon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>gen1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>械 </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>계 </td> <td>haai6 </td> <td>giới </td> <td>heajH </td> <td> </td> <td>xie4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>棒 </td> <td>ボウ bou </td> <td>봉 </td> <td>paang5 </td> <td>bổng </td> <td>(步項切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>bang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>森 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>삼 </td> <td>sam1 </td> <td>sâm </td> <td>srim </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>sen1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>植 </td> <td>ショク shoku </td> <td>식, 치 </td> <td>zik6 </td> <td>thực, trĩ, trị </td> <td>dzyik, driH </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>極, 极 </td> <td>キョク kyoku ゴク goku </td> <td>극 </td> <td>gik6 </td> <td>cực </td> <td>gik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ji2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>橋, 桥 </td> <td>キョウ kyou </td> <td>교 </td> <td>kiu4 </td> <td>cao, khiêu, kiếu </td> <td>kjewH, kjewX </td> <td> </td> <td>qiao2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>欧 </td> <td>オウ ou </td> <td>구 </td> <td>au1 </td> <td>âu, ẩu </td> <td>(烏后切) </td> <td> </td> <td>ou1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>武 </td> <td>ム mu </td> <td>무 </td> <td>mou5 </td> <td>võ, vũ </td> <td>mjuX </td> <td> </td> <td>wu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>歴, 历 </td> <td>レキ reki </td> <td>력, 역 </td> <td>lik6 </td> <td>lịch </td> <td>lek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>li4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>殿 </td> <td>デン den テン ten </td> <td>전 </td> <td>din6 </td> <td>điến, điện, đán </td> <td>denH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>dian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>毒 </td> <td>ドク doku </td> <td>독 </td> <td>duk6 </td> <td>đốc, độc </td> <td>dowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>du2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>比 </td> <td>ヒ hi </td> <td>비 </td> <td>bei2 </td> <td>bì, bí, bỉ </td> <td>pjijX </td> <td> </td> <td>bi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>毛 </td> <td>モウ mou </td> <td>모 </td> <td>mou4 </td> <td>mao, mô </td> <td>maw </td> <td> </td> <td>mao2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>氷, 冰 </td> <td>ヒョウ hyou </td> <td>빙 </td> <td>bing1 </td> <td>băng </td> <td>ping </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>bing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>永 </td> <td>エイ ei </td> <td>영 </td> <td>wing5 </td> <td>vĩnh, vịnh </td> <td>ping </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>yong3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>汗 </td> <td>カン kan </td> <td>한 </td> <td>hon6 </td> <td>hàn, hãn, hạn </td> <td>hanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>han4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>汚, 污 </td> <td>オ o </td> <td>오, 우 </td> <td>wu1 </td> <td>ô, ố </td> <td>'u </td> <td> </td> <td>wu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>池 </td> <td>チ chi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>ci4 </td> <td>trì </td> <td>(直離切) </td> <td> </td> <td>chi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>沈 </td> <td>チン chin ジン jin </td> <td>심, 침 </td> <td>sam2 </td> <td>thẩm </td> <td>syimX </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>shen3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>河 </td> <td>カ ka </td> <td>하 </td> <td>ho4 </td> <td>hà </td> <td>ha, haX </td> <td> </td> <td>he2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>沸 </td> <td>ヒ hi フツ futsu (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>비 </td> <td>fai3 </td> <td>phí </td> <td>pj+jH </td> <td> </td> <td>fei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>油 </td> <td>ユウ yuu </td> <td>유 </td> <td>jau4 </td> <td>du </td> <td>yuw </td> <td> </td> <td>you2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>況, 况 </td> <td>キョウ kyou </td> <td>황 </td> <td>fong3 </td> <td>huống </td> <td>xjwangH, xjwangX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>kuang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>泉 </td> <td>セン sen </td> <td>천 </td> <td>cyun4 </td> <td>tuyền </td> <td>dzjwen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>quan2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>泊 </td> <td>ハク haku </td> <td>박, 백 </td> <td>paak3, bok6 </td> <td>bạc, phách </td> <td>bak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>bo2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>波 </td> <td>ハ ha </td> <td>파 </td> <td>bo1 </td> <td>ba </td> <td>pa </td> <td> </td> <td>bo1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>泥 </td> <td>ナイ nai ニ ni </td> <td>니, 이 </td> <td>nai4 </td> <td>nê, nễ, nệ </td> <td>nej </td> <td> </td> <td>ni2, ni4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>浅, 淺 </td> <td>セン sen </td> <td>천 </td> <td>cin2 </td> <td>thiển, tiên </td> <td>tshjenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>qian3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>浴 </td> <td>ヨク yoku </td> <td>욕 </td> <td>juk6 </td> <td>dục </td> <td>yowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>涙, 泪 </td> <td>ルイ rui レイ rei (Hokkien: lūi) </td> <td>루, 누 </td> <td>leoi6 </td> <td>luỵ, lệ </td> <td>lwijH </td> <td> </td> <td>lei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>液 </td> <td>エキ iki </td> <td>액 </td> <td>jik6 </td> <td>dịch </td> <td>yek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ye4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>涼, 凉 </td> <td>リョウ ryou </td> <td>량, 양 </td> <td>loeng4 </td> <td>lương, lượng </td> <td>ljang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>liang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>混 </td> <td>コン kon </td> <td>혼 </td> <td>wan6 </td> <td>hồn, hỗn </td> <td>hwonX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>hun2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>清 (淸) </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou </td> <td>청 </td> <td>cing1 </td> <td>thanh </td> <td>tshjeng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>qing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>減, 减 </td> <td>ゲン gen </td> <td>감 </td> <td>gaam2 </td> <td>giảm </td> <td>keamX, heamX </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>jian3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>温 </td> <td>オン on </td> <td>온 </td> <td>wan1 </td> <td>uẩn, ôn </td> <td>'won </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wen1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>測, 测 </td> <td>ソク soku </td> <td>측 </td> <td>cak1 </td> <td>trắc </td> <td>tsrhik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ce4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>湖 </td> <td>コ ko </td> <td>호 </td> <td>wu4 </td> <td>hồ </td> <td>hu </td> <td> </td> <td>hu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>湯, 汤 </td> <td>トウ tou </td> <td>탕 </td> <td>tong1 </td> <td>thang, thãng </td> <td>thang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>tang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>湾 </td> <td>ワン wan </td> <td>만 </td> <td>waan1 </td> <td>loan (irr.) </td> <td>(【廣韻】烏關切) </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>湿, 濕 </td> <td>シツ shitsu シュウ shuu </td> <td>습 </td> <td>sap1 </td> <td>chập </td> <td>khip </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>shi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>準, 准 </td> <td>ジュン jun </td> <td>준 </td> <td>zeon2 </td> <td>chuyết, chuẩn </td> <td>tsywinX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>zhun3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>溶 </td> <td>ヨウ you </td> <td>용 </td> <td>jung4 </td> <td>dong, dung </td> <td>yowng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>rong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>滴 </td> <td>テキ teki </td> <td>적 </td> <td>dik6 </td> <td>chích, trích </td> <td>(都歴切) </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>di1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>漁, 渔 </td> <td>ギョ gyo リョウ ryou </td> <td>어 </td> <td>jyu4 </td> <td>ngư </td> <td>ngjo </td> <td> </td> <td>yu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>濃, 浓 </td> <td>ノウ nou </td> <td>농 </td> <td>nung4 </td> <td>nùng </td> <td>nrjowng, nuwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>nong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>濯, 棹 </td> <td>タク taku </td> <td>탁, 도 </td> <td>zok6 </td> <td>trạc, trạo </td> <td>draewH </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>灯, 燈 </td> <td>トウ tou </td> <td>등 </td> <td>dang1 </td> <td>đăng </td> <td>tong </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>deng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>灰 </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>회 </td> <td>fui1 </td> <td>hôi </td> <td>xwoj </td> <td> </td> <td>hui1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>炭 </td> <td>タン tan </td> <td>탄 </td> <td>taan3 </td> <td>thán </td> <td>thanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>tan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>無, 勿 </td> <td>ム mu </td> <td>무 </td> <td>mou4 </td> <td>mô, vô </td> <td>mjut </td> <td> </td> <td>wu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>焼, 烧 </td> <td>ショウ </td> <td>소 </td> <td>siu1 </td> <td>thiêu </td> <td>syew </td> <td> </td> <td>shao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>照 </td> <td>ショウ </td> <td>조 </td> <td>ziu3 </td> <td>chiếu </td> <td>tsyewH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>燃 </td> <td>ネン nen </td> <td>연 </td> <td>jin4 </td> <td>nhiên </td> <td>nyen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ran2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>燥 </td> <td>ソウ sou </td> <td>조 </td> <td>cou3 </td> <td>táo </td> <td>sawX </td> <td> </td> <td>zao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>爆 </td> <td>バク baku </td> <td>폭 </td> <td>baau3 </td> <td>bạo, bạc, bộc </td> <td>paewH </td> <td> </td> <td>bao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>片 </td> <td>ヘン hen </td> <td>편 </td> <td>pin3 </td> <td>phiến </td> <td>phenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>pian1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>版 </td> <td>ハン han </td> <td>판 </td> <td>baan2 </td> <td>bản </td> <td>paenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ban3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>玉 </td> <td>ギョク gyoku </td> <td>옥 </td> <td>juk6 </td> <td>ngọc </td> <td>ngjowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>珍 </td> <td>チン chin </td> <td>진 </td> <td>zan1 </td> <td>trân </td> <td>trin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>zhen1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>瓶 </td> <td>ビン bin </td> <td>병 </td> <td>ping4 </td> <td>bình </td> <td>beng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ping2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>甘 </td> <td>カン kan </td> <td>감 </td> <td>gam1 </td> <td>cam </td> <td>kam </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>gan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>畜 </td> <td>チク chiku </td> <td>축 </td> <td>cuk1 </td> <td>húc, súc (irr.) </td> <td>trhjuwk, trhjuwH </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>chu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>略 </td> <td>リャク ryaku </td> <td>략, 약 </td> <td>loek6 </td> <td>lược </td> <td>ljak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>lve4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>畳, 叠 </td> <td>ジョウ jou チョウ chou </td> <td>첩 </td> <td>dip6 </td> <td>điệp </td> <td>dep </td> <td>*-p </td> <td>die2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>療, 疗 </td> <td>リョウ ryou </td> <td>료, 요 </td> <td>liu4 </td> <td>liệu </td> <td>ljewH </td> <td> </td> <td>liao2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>皮 </td> <td>ヒ hi </td> <td>피 </td> <td>pei4 </td> <td>bì </td> <td>bje </td> <td> </td> <td>pi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>皿 </td> <td>ベイ bei </td> <td>명 </td> <td>ming5 </td> <td>mãnh > mẫn </td> <td>mjaengX </td> <td>-ng, -n </td> <td>ming3 > min3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>省 </td> <td>セイ sei ショウ shou </td> <td>성, 생 </td> <td>saang2 </td> <td>sảnh, tiển, tỉnh </td> <td>srjengX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>sheng3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>県, 县 </td> <td>ケン ken </td> <td>현 </td> <td>jyun6 </td> <td>huyền, huyện </td> <td>hwenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>短 </td> <td>タン tan </td> <td>단 </td> <td>dyun2 </td> <td>đoản </td> <td>twanX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>duan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>砂 </td> <td>シャ sha </td> <td>사 </td> <td>saa1 </td> <td>sa </td> <td>(子結切) </td> <td> </td> <td>sha1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>硬 </td> <td>コウ kou </td> <td>경 </td> <td>ngaang6 </td> <td>ngạnh </td> <td>(五岡切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ying4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>磨 </td> <td>マ ma </td> <td>마 </td> <td>mo4 </td> <td>ma, má </td> <td>ma </td> <td> </td> <td>mo2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>祈 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>기, 궤 </td> <td>kei4 </td> <td>kì, kỳ </td> <td>gj+j </td> <td> </td> <td>qi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>祝 </td> <td>シュク shuku シュウ shuu </td> <td>축 </td> <td>zuk1 </td> <td>chúc </td> <td>tsyuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>祭 </td> <td>サイ sai </td> <td>제 </td> <td>zai3 </td> <td>tế, sái </td> <td>tsjejH </td> <td> </td> <td>ji4, zhai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>禁 </td> <td>キン kin </td> <td>금 </td> <td>gam3 </td> <td>câm, cấm, cầm </td> <td>kimH </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>jin4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>秒 </td> <td>ビョウ byou </td> <td>묘, 초 </td> <td>miu5 </td> <td>miểu, miễu </td> <td>(亡沼切) </td> <td> </td> <td>miao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>移 </td> <td>イ i </td> <td>이 </td> <td>ji4 </td> <td>di, dị </td> <td>ye </td> <td> </td> <td>yi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>税 </td> <td>ゼイ zei </td> <td>세 </td> <td>seoi3 </td> <td>thuế, thối </td> <td>sywejH </td> <td> </td> <td>shui4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>章 </td> <td>ショウ shou </td> <td>장 </td> <td>zoeng1 </td> <td>chương </td> <td>tsyang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zhang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>童 </td> <td>ドウ dou </td> <td>동 </td> <td>tung4 </td> <td>đồng </td> <td>duwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>tong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>競, 竞 </td> <td>キョウ kyou ケイ kei </td> <td>경 </td> <td>ging6 </td> <td>cạnh </td> <td>gjaengH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jing4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>竹 </td> <td>チク chiku </td> <td>죽 </td> <td>zuk1 </td> <td>trúc </td> <td>trjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>符 </td> <td>フ fu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu4 </td> <td>bồ, phù </td> <td>bju </td> <td> </td> <td>fu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>筆, 笔 </td> <td>ヒツ hitsu </td> <td>필 </td> <td>bat1 </td> <td>bút </td> <td>pit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>bi3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>筒 </td> <td>トウ tou </td> <td>통 </td> <td>tung4 </td> <td>đồng, động </td> <td>duwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>tong3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>算 </td> <td>サン san </td> <td>산 </td> <td>syun3 </td> <td>toán </td> <td>swanH, swanX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>suan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>管 </td> <td>カン kan </td> <td>관 </td> <td>gun2 </td> <td>quản </td> <td>kwanX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>guan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>築, 筑 </td> <td>チク chiku </td> <td>축 </td> <td>zuk1 </td> <td>trúc </td> <td>trjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>簡, 简 </td> <td>カン kan ケン ken </td> <td>간 </td> <td>gaan2 </td> <td>giản </td> <td>keanX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jian3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>籍 </td> <td>セキ seki </td> <td>적 </td> <td>zik6 </td> <td>tịch </td> <td>dzjek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ji2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>粉 </td> <td>フン fun </td> <td>분 </td> <td>fan2 </td> <td>phấn </td> <td>pjunX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>fen3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>粒 </td> <td>リュウ ryuu </td> <td>립, 입 </td> <td>lap1 </td> <td>lạp </td> <td>lip </td> <td> </td> <td>li4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>糸 (+絲) </td> <td>シ shi ミャク myaku </td> <td>멱, 사 </td> <td>si1, mik6 </td> <td>ti, ty, mịch </td> <td>si (莫狄切) </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>si1, mi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>紅, 红 </td> <td>コウ kou </td> <td>홍 </td> <td>hung4 </td> <td>hồng </td> <td>huwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>hong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>純, 纯 </td> <td>ジュン jun </td> <td>돈, 순, 준 </td> <td>seon4 </td> <td>thuần, chuẩn </td> <td>dwonX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>chun2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>細, 细 </td> <td>サイ sai </td> <td>세 </td> <td>sai3 </td> <td>tế </td> <td>sejH </td> <td> </td> <td>xi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>紹, 绍 </td> <td>ショウ shou </td> <td>소 </td> <td>siu6 </td> <td>thiệu </td> <td>dzyewX </td> <td> </td> <td>shao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>絡, 络 </td> <td>ラク raku </td> <td>락, 낙 </td> <td>lok3 </td> <td>lạc </td> <td>lak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>luo4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>綿, 绵 </td> <td>メン men </td> <td>면 </td> <td>min4 </td> <td>miên </td> <td>mjien </td> <td>-n </td> <td>mian2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>総, 总 </td> <td>ソウ sou </td> <td>총 </td> <td>zung2 </td> <td>tổng </td> <td>tsuwngX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zong3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>緑, 绿 </td> <td>リョク ryoku ロク roku </td> <td>록, 녹 </td> <td>luk6 </td> <td>lục </td> <td>ljowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>lv4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>線, 线 </td> <td>セン sen </td> <td>선 </td> <td>sin3 </td> <td>tuyến </td> <td>sjenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>編, 编 </td> <td>ヘン hen </td> <td>편 </td> <td>pin1 </td> <td>biên </td> <td>pen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>bian1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>練, 练 </td> <td>レン ren </td> <td>련, 연 </td> <td>lin6 </td> <td>luyện </td> <td>lenH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>lian4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>績, 绩 </td> <td>セキ seki </td> <td>적 </td> <td>zik1 </td> <td>tích </td> <td>(則歴切) </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ji4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>缶 (鑵) (+ 罐) </td> <td>フウ fun カン kan </td> <td>부, 관 </td> <td>fau2, gun3 </td> <td>phũ, phẫu; quán </td> <td>pjuwX (【集韻】古玩切) </td> <td>-n </td> <td>fou3, guan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>署 </td> <td>ショ sho </td> <td>서 </td> <td>cyu5 </td> <td>thử, thự </td> <td>dzyoH </td> <td> </td> <td>shu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>群 </td> <td>グン gun </td> <td>군 </td> <td>kwan4 </td> <td>quần </td> <td>gjun </td> <td>-n </td> <td>qun2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>羽 </td> <td>ウ u </td> <td>우, 호 </td> <td>jyu5 </td> <td>vũ </td> <td>hjuX </td> <td> </td> <td>yu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>翌 </td> <td>ヨク yoku </td> <td>익 </td> <td>jik6 </td> <td>dực </td> <td>yik </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>yi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>耕 </td> <td>コウ kou </td> <td>경 </td> <td>gaang1 </td> <td>canh </td> <td>keang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>geng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>肌 </td> <td>キ ki </td> <td>기 </td> <td>gei1 </td> <td>cơ </td> <td>kij </td> <td> </td> <td>ji1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>肩 </td> <td>ケン ken </td> <td>견 </td> <td>gin1 </td> <td>khiên, kiên </td> <td>ken, hon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jian1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>肯 </td> <td>コウ kou </td> <td>긍 </td> <td>hang2 </td> <td>khẳng </td> <td>khongX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ken3 < keng3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>胃 </td> <td>イ i </td> <td>위 </td> <td>wai6 </td> <td>vị </td> <td>hjw+jH </td> <td> </td> <td>wei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>胸 </td> <td>キョウ kyou </td> <td>흉 </td> <td>hung1 </td> <td>hung </td> <td>xjowng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xiong1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>脂 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>zi1 </td> <td>chi, chỉ </td> <td>tsyij </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>脳, 脑 </td> <td>ノウ nou </td> <td>뇌 </td> <td>nou5 </td> <td>não </td> <td>nawX </td> <td> </td> <td>nao3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>腕 </td> <td>ワン wan </td> <td>완 </td> <td>wun2 </td> <td>oản, uyển </td> <td>'wanH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>wan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>腰 </td> <td>ヨウ you </td> <td>요 </td> <td>jiu1 </td> <td>yêu </td> <td>'jiew </td> <td> </td> <td>yao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>膚, 肤 </td> <td>フ fu </td> <td>부 </td> <td>fu1 </td> <td>phu </td> <td>(【廣韻】甫無切) </td> <td> </td> <td>fu1, fu5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>臓, 脏 </td> <td>ゾウ zou </td> <td>장 </td> <td>zong1 </td> <td>tạng </td> <td>tsang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>臣 </td> <td>シン shin ジン jin </td> <td>신 </td> <td>san4 </td> <td>thần </td> <td>dzyin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>chen2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>舟 </td> <td>シュウ shuu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zau1 </td> <td>chu, châu </td> <td>tsyuw </td> <td> </td> <td>zhou1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>航 </td> <td>ゴウ gou < ガゥ gau コウ kou < カゥ kau </td> <td>항 </td> <td>hong4 </td> <td>hàng </td> <td>(【廣韻】胡郞切) </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>hang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>般 </td> <td>バン ban ハン han </td> <td>반 </td> <td>bun1 </td> <td>ban, bàn </td> <td>pan </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ban1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>芸, 艺 </td> <td>ゲイ gei ウン un </td> <td>예 </td> <td>ngai6 (艺) wan4 (芸) </td> <td>nghệ </td> <td>ngjejH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yi4 (艺) yun2 (芸) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>荒 </td> <td>コウ kou < クヮゥ kwau </td> <td>황 </td> <td>fong1 </td> <td>hoang </td> <td>xwang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>huang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>荷 </td> <td>ガ ga カ ka </td> <td>하 </td> <td>ho4 </td> <td>hà, hạ </td> <td>ha </td> <td> </td> <td>he2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>菓, 果 </td> <td>カ ka < クヮ kwa </td> <td>과 </td> <td>gwo2 </td> <td>quả </td> <td>khwaX </td> <td> </td> <td>guo3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>菜 </td> <td>サイ sai </td> <td>채 </td> <td>coi3 </td> <td>thái </td> <td>tshojH </td> <td> </td> <td>cai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>著; 着 </td> <td>チョ cho チャク chaku </td> <td>저, 착 </td> <td>zoek3 </td> <td>trước, trứ, trữ </td> <td>trjoH (>著) </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhu4; zhao1, zhuo2, zhe5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>蒸 </td> <td>ショゥ shou セイ sei ジョウ jou (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>증 </td> <td>zing1 </td> <td>chưng </td> <td>tsying </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zheng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>蔵, 藏 </td> <td>ゾウ zou < ザゥ zau ソウ sou < サゥ sau </td> <td>장 </td> <td>cong4 (nascondere) Zong6 (Tibet) </td> <td>tàng, tạng </td> <td>dzangH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>cang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>薄 </td> <td>バク baku ハク haku </td> <td>박 </td> <td>bok6 </td> <td>bác, bạc </td> <td>bak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>bo2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>虫 </td> <td>ジュウ juu < ヂユウ dyuu チュウ chuu < チユウ tyuu </td> <td>충 </td> <td>cung4 </td> <td>trùng </td> <td>drjuwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>chong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>血 </td> <td>ケチ kechi ケツ ketsu </td> <td>혈 </td> <td>hyut3 </td> <td>huyết </td> <td>xwet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>xue4, xie3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>衣 </td> <td>イ i エ e </td> <td>의 </td> <td>ji1 </td> <td>y, ý </td> <td>'j+j </td> <td> </td> <td>yi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>袋 </td> <td>タイ tai ダイ dai </td> <td>대 </td> <td>doi2 </td> <td>đại </td> <td>dojH </td> <td> </td> <td>dai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>被 </td> <td>ビ bi ヒ hi </td> <td>피 </td> <td>bei6, pei5 </td> <td>bí, bị </td> <td>bjeH </td> <td> </td> <td>bei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>裏 (裡) (+里) </td> <td>リ ri </td> <td>리, 이 </td> <td>leoi5 (裡) lei5 (里 < 裏) </td> <td>lí, lý </td> <td>liX </td> <td> </td> <td>li3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>補, 补 </td> <td>フ fu ホ ho </td> <td>보 </td> <td>bou2 </td> <td>bổ </td> <td>puX </td> <td> </td> <td>bu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>複, 复 </td> <td>フク fuku </td> <td>복 </td> <td>fuk1 </td> <td>phức </td> <td>bjuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>fu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>角 </td> <td>カク kaku </td> <td>각 </td> <td>gok3 </td> <td>cốc, giác, giốc </td> <td>kaewk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>jiao3, jue2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>触 </td> <td>ショク shoku </td> <td>촉 </td> <td>zuk1 </td> <td>xúc (irr.) </td> <td>tsyhowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>chu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>訓, 训 </td> <td>クン kun </td> <td>훈 </td> <td>fan3 </td> <td>huấn </td> <td>xjunH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xun4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>設, 设 </td> <td>セツ setsu </td> <td>설 </td> <td>cit3 </td> <td>thiết </td> <td>syet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>she4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>詞, 词 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>사 </td> <td>ci4 </td> <td>từ </td> <td>zi </td> <td> </td> <td>ci2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>詰, 诘 </td> <td>キツ kitsu キチ kichi </td> <td>힐 </td> <td>kit3 </td> <td>cật </td> <td>khjit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>jie2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>誌, 志 </td> <td>シ shi </td> <td>지 </td> <td>zi3 </td> <td>chí </td> <td>tsyiH </td> <td> </td> <td>zhi4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>課, 课 </td> <td>カ ka < クヮ kwa </td> <td>과 </td> <td>fo3 </td> <td>khoá </td> <td>khwaH </td> <td> </td> <td>ke4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>諸, 诸 </td> <td>ショ sho </td> <td>제 </td> <td>zyu1 </td> <td>chư, gia </td> <td>tsyo </td> <td> </td> <td>zhu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>講, 讲 </td> <td>コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>강 </td> <td>gong2 </td> <td>giảng </td> <td>kaewngX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>jiang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>谷 </td> <td>コク koku </td> <td>곡 </td> <td>guk1 </td> <td>cốc </td> <td>kuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>gu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>豊, 丰(≠豐 li3) </td> <td>ホウ hou フ fu ブ bu (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>풍 </td> <td>fung1 </td> <td>phong </td> <td>phjowng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>feng1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>象 </td> <td>ゾウ zou < ザウ zau ショウ shou < シヤウ syau </td> <td>상 </td> <td>zoeng6 </td> <td>tương, tượng </td> <td>zjangX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xiang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>貝, 贝 </td> <td>バイ bai </td> <td>패 </td> <td>bui3 </td> <td>bối </td> <td>pajH </td> <td> </td> <td>bei4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>貨, 货 </td> <td>カ ka < クヮ kwa </td> <td>화 </td> <td>fo3 </td> <td>hoá </td> <td>xwaH </td> <td> </td> <td>huo4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>販, 贩 </td> <td>ホン hon ハン han </td> <td>판 </td> <td>faan3 </td> <td>phiến, phán </td> <td>pjonH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>fan4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>貯, 贮 </td> <td>チョ cho </td> <td>저 </td> <td>cyu5 </td> <td>trữ </td> <td>trjoX </td> <td> </td> <td>zhu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>貿, 贸 </td> <td>ム mu モ mo ボウ bou </td> <td>무 </td> <td>mau6 </td> <td>mậu </td> <td>mjuwH </td> <td> </td> <td>mao2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>賞, 赏 </td> <td>ショウ shou < シャウ syau </td> <td>상 </td> <td>soeng2 </td> <td>thưởng </td> <td>syang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>shang3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>賢, 贤 </td> <td>ゲン gen ケン ken </td> <td>현 </td> <td>jin4 </td> <td>hiền, hiện </td> <td>hen, henH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xian2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>贈, 赠 </td> <td>ゾウ zou ソウ sou </td> <td>증 </td> <td>zang6 </td> <td>tặng </td> <td>dzongH </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>zeng4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>超 </td> <td>チョウ chou </td> <td>초 </td> <td>ciu1 </td> <td>siêu (irr.) </td> <td>trhjew </td> <td> </td> <td>chao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>跡, 迹 </td> <td>セキ seki </td> <td>적 </td> <td>zik1 </td> <td>tích </td> <td>tsjek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ji4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>踊 </td> <td>ヨウ you </td> <td>용 </td> <td>jung2 </td> <td>dũng </td> <td>yowngX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>yong3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>軍, 军 </td> <td>クン kun グン (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>군 </td> <td>gwan1 </td> <td>quân </td> <td>kjun </td> <td>-n </td> <td>jun1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>軒, 轩 </td> <td>コン kon ケン ken </td> <td>헌 </td> <td>hin1 </td> <td>hiên, hiến </td> <td>xjon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xuan1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>軟, 软 </td> <td>ネン nen ナン nan (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>연 </td> <td>jyun5 </td> <td>nhuyễn </td> <td>nywenX </td> <td>-n </td> <td>ruan3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>軽, 轻 </td> <td>ケイ kei キョウ kyou </td> <td>경 </td> <td>hing1 </td> <td>khánh, khinh </td> <td>khjiengH, khjieng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>qing1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>輪, 轮 </td> <td>リン rin </td> <td>륜, 윤 </td> <td>leon4 </td> <td>luân </td> <td>lwin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>lun2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>輸, 输 </td> <td>シュ shu </td> <td>수 </td> <td>syu1 </td> <td>thú, thâu </td> <td>syu </td> <td> </td> <td>shu1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>辛 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>신 </td> <td>san1 </td> <td>tân </td> <td>sin </td> <td>-n </td> <td>xin1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>農, 农 </td> <td>ノウ nou </td> <td>농 </td> <td>nung4 </td> <td>nông </td> <td>nowng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>nong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>辺, 边 </td> <td>ヘン hen </td> <td>변 </td> <td>bin1 </td> <td>biên </td> <td>pen </td> <td>-n </td> <td>bian5, bian1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>述 </td> <td>ジュツ jutsu </td> <td>술 </td> <td>seot6 </td> <td>thuật </td> <td>zywit </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>shu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>逆 </td> <td>ギャク gyaku ゲキ geki </td> <td>역 </td> <td>jik6 </td> <td>nghịch, nghịnh </td> <td>ngjaek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ni4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>造 </td> <td>ゾウ zou < ザウ (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>조 </td> <td>zou6 </td> <td>tạo, tháo </td> <td>dzawX, tshawH </td> <td> </td> <td>zao4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>郊 </td> <td>コウ kou < カウ kau </td> <td>교 </td> <td>gaau1 </td> <td>giao </td> <td>kaew </td> <td> </td> <td>jiao1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>郵, 邮 </td> <td>ユウ yuu </td> <td>우 </td> <td>jau4 </td> <td>bưu </td> <td>hjuw </td> <td> </td> <td>you2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>量 </td> <td>リョウ ryou </td> <td>량, 양 </td> <td>loeng4 </td> <td>lương, lường </td> <td>ljang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>liang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>針, 针 </td> <td>シン shin < シム simu </td> <td>침 </td> <td>zam1 </td> <td>châm, trâm </td> <td>(直質切) </td> <td>*-m </td> <td>zhen1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>鈍, 钝 </td> <td>ドン don </td> <td>둔 </td> <td>deon6 </td> <td>độn </td> <td>dwonH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>dun4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>鉄, 铁 </td> <td>テツ tetsu </td> <td>철 </td> <td>tit3 </td> <td>thiết </td> <td>thet </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>tie3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>鉱, 矿, 鑛 </td> <td>コウ kou < クヮゥ kwau </td> <td>광 </td> <td>kwong3 </td> <td>khoáng, quáng </td> <td>(【集韻】古猛切) [Tardo Cinese Medio] </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>kuang4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>銅, 铜 </td> <td>ドウ dou (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>동 </td> <td>tung4 </td> <td>đồng </td> <td>duwng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>tong2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>鋭, 锐 </td> <td>エイ ei </td> <td>예 </td> <td>jeoi6 </td> <td>duệ </td> <td>ywejH </td> <td> </td> <td>rui4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>録, 录 </td> <td>ロク roku </td> <td>록 </td> <td>luk6 </td> <td>lục </td> <td>ljowk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>lu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>門, 门 </td> <td>モン mon </td> <td>문 </td> <td>mun4 </td> <td>môn </td> <td>mwon </td> <td>-n </td> <td>men2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>防 </td> <td>ボウ bou < バゥ bau ホウ hou < ハゥ hau </td> <td>방 </td> <td>fong4 </td> <td>phòng </td> <td>bjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>fang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>陸, 陆 </td> <td>リク riku ロク roku </td> <td>륙, 육 </td> <td>luk6 </td> <td>lục </td> <td>ljuwk </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>lu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>隅 </td> <td>グ gu グウ geu (kan'yoo-on) </td> <td>우 </td> <td>jyu4 </td> <td>ngung </td> <td>ngju </td> <td> </td> <td>yu2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>階, 阶 </td> <td>カイ kai </td> <td>계 </td> <td>gaai1 </td> <td>giai </td> <td>keaj </td> <td> </td> <td>jie1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>隻, 只 </td> <td>セキ seki </td> <td>척 </td> <td>zek3 </td> <td>chích </td> <td>tsyek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>zhi1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>雇 </td> <td>ク ku グ gu コ ko </td> <td>고 </td> <td>gu3 </td> <td>cố </td> <td>kuH </td> <td> </td> <td>gu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>雲, 云 </td> <td>ウン un </td> <td>운 </td> <td>wan4 </td> <td>vân </td> <td>hjun </td> <td>-n </td> <td>yun2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>零 </td> <td>レイ rei リョウ ryou </td> <td>령, 영 </td> <td>ling4 </td> <td>linh </td> <td>leng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ling2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>震 </td> <td>シン shin </td> <td>진 </td> <td>zan3 </td> <td>thần, chấn </td> <td>tsyinH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>zhen4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>革 </td> <td>カク kaku </td> <td>혁 </td> <td>gaak3 </td> <td>cách, cức </td> <td>keak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>ge2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>順, 顺 </td> <td>ジュン jun </td> <td>순 </td> <td>seon6 </td> <td>thuận </td> <td>zywinH </td> <td>-n </td> <td>shun4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>預, 预 </td> <td>ヨ yo </td> <td>예 </td> <td>jyu6 </td> <td>dự </td> <td>(羊洳切) </td> <td> </td> <td>yu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>領, 领 </td> <td>リョウ ryou </td> <td>령, 영 </td> <td>ling5, leng5 </td> <td>lãnh, lĩnh </td> <td>ljengX </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ling3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>額, 额 </td> <td>ガク gaku </td> <td>액 </td> <td>ngaak6 </td> <td>ngạch </td> <td>ngaek </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>e2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>香 </td> <td>コウ kou < カウ kau キョウ kyou < キヤウ kyau </td> <td>향 </td> <td>hoeng1 </td> <td>hương </td> <td>xjang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>xiang1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>駐, 驻 </td> <td>チュウ chuu </td> <td>주 </td> <td>zyu3 </td> <td>trú </td> <td>(中句切) </td> <td> </td> <td>zhu4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>骨 </td> <td>コツ kotsu </td> <td>골 </td> <td>gwat1 </td> <td>cốt </td> <td>kwot </td> <td>*-t </td> <td>gu3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>麦 </td> <td>ミャク myaku バク baku </td> <td>맥 </td> <td>mak6 </td> <td>mạch </td> <td>meak </td> <td>*-k </td> <td>mai4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>黄 </td> <td>コウ kou < クワウ kwau オウ ou < ワウ wau </td> <td>황 </td> <td>wong4 </td> <td>hoàng, huỳnh </td> <td>hwang </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>huang2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>鼻 </td> <td>ビ bi </td> <td>비 </td> <td>bei6 </td> <td>tì, tị, tỵ (irr.) </td> <td>bjijH </td> <td> </td> <td>bi2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>齢, 龄 </td> <td>レイ rei リョウ ryou </td> <td>령, 영 </td> <td>ling4 </td> <td>linh </td> <td>leng </td> <td>-ng </td> <td>ling2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanji_diffusi_che_possono_comparire_in_totale_isolamento_con_pronuncia_kun">Kanji diffusi che possono comparire in totale isolamento con pronuncia kun</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifica la sezione Kanji diffusi che possono comparire in totale isolamento con pronuncia kun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Kanji diffusi che possono comparire in totale isolamento con pronuncia kun">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> Di queste parole diffuse composte da un solo kanji in isolamento (niente lessico sino-giapponese o okurigana dopo), solo una minima parte conserva la lettura on. Sono poi indicate pure le parole che si ripetono di fila, senza caratteri completamente diversi a fianco. Sono contenuti i primi tre livelli JLPT. Gli allungamenti vocalici sono segnalati con la doppia vocale in ogni caso. Queste parole possono essere prese come esempio lampante di lettura kun e vocabolario nativo giapponese, salvo poche eccezioni. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Kanji </th> <th>Hiragana e romaji </th> <th>Significato </th> <th>Livello JLPT </th></tr> <tr> <td>青 </td> <td>あお ao </td> <td>blu </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>赤 </td> <td>あか aka </td> <td>rosso </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>秋 </td> <td>あき aki </td> <td>autunno </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>朝 </td> <td>あさ asa </td> <td>mattina, mattino </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>足 </td> <td>あし ashi </td> <td>piede, gamba </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>頭 </td> <td>あたま atama </td> <td>testa </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>後 </td> <td>あと ato </td> <td>dopo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>兄 </td> <td>あに ani </td> <td>fratello maggiore (umile) </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>姉 </td> <td>あね ane </td> <td>sorella maggiore (umile) </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>雨 </td> <td>あめ ame </td> <td>pioggia </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>飴 </td> <td>あめ ame </td> <td>caramella </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>家 </td> <td>いえ ie </td> <td>casa </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>池 </td> <td>いけ ike </td> <td>pozzanghera </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>一 </td> <td>いち ichi </td> <td>uno, un </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>犬 </td> <td>いぬ inu </td> <td>cane </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>今 </td> <td>いま ima </td> <td>adesso, ora </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>妹 </td> <td>いもうと imooto </td> <td>sorella minore (umile) </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>嫌 </td> <td>いや iya </td> <td>spiacevole </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>色 </td> <td>いろ iro </td> <td>colore </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>上 </td> <td>うえ ue </td> <td>in cima a </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>歌 </td> <td>うた uta </td> <td>canzone </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>海 </td> <td>うみ umi </td> <td>mare </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>絵 </td> <td>え e </td> <td>immagine; schizzo, sketch; dipinto </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>駅 </td> <td>えき eki </td> <td>stazione </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>弟 </td> <td>おとうと otooto </td> <td>fratello minore </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>男 </td> <td>おとこ otoko </td> <td>uomo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>女 </td> <td>おんな onna </td> <td>donna </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>傘 </td> <td>かさ kasa </td> <td>ombrello </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>風 </td> <td>かぜ kaze </td> <td>vento </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>方 </td> <td>かた kata </td> <td>modo di fare, metodo; direzione </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>角 </td> <td>かど kado </td> <td>angolo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>紙 </td> <td>かみ kami </td> <td>carta </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>体 </td> <td>からだ karada </td> <td>corpo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>川 / 河 </td> <td>かわ kawa </td> <td>fiume </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>木 </td> <td>き ki </td> <td>albero </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>北 </td> <td>きた kita </td> <td>nord </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>九 </td> <td>きゅう / く kyuu / ku </td> <td>nove </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>薬 </td> <td>くすり kusuri </td> <td>medicina </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>口 </td> <td>くち kuchi </td> <td>bocca; apertura </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>靴 </td> <td>くつ kutsu </td> <td>scarpa </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>国 </td> <td>くに kuni </td> <td>stato, nazione, Paese </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>車 </td> <td>くるま kuruma </td> <td>automobile, macchina </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>黒 </td> <td>くろ kuro </td> <td>nero </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>五 </td> <td>ご go </td> <td>cinque </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>声 </td> <td>こえ goe </td> <td>voce </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>魚 </td> <td>さかな sakana </td> <td>pesce </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>先 </td> <td>さき saki </td> <td>futuro; prima... </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>三 </td> <td>さん san </td> <td>tre </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>四 </td> <td>し / よん. shi / yon </td> <td>quattro </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>塩 </td> <td>しお shio </td> <td>sale </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>下 </td> <td>した shita </td> <td>sotto </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>七 </td> <td>しち / なな. shichi / nana </td> <td>sette </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>十 </td> <td>じゅう / とお juu / too </td> <td>dieci </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>白 </td> <td>しろ shiro </td> <td>bianco </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>背 </td> <td>せ se </td> <td>altezza, statura </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>千 </td> <td>せん sen </td> <td>mille </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>外 </td> <td>そと soto </td> <td>fuori </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>空 </td> <td>そら sora </td> <td>cielo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>卵 </td> <td>たまご tamago </td> <td>uovo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>誰 </td> <td>だれ dare; だれか dareka </td> <td>chi; qualcuno </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>次 </td> <td>つぎ tsugi </td> <td>prossimo, successivo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>机 </td> <td>つくえ tsukue </td> <td>tavolo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>手 </td> <td>て te </td> <td>mano </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>戸 </td> <td>と to </td> <td>la porta </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>時々 </td> <td>ときどき tokidoki </td> <td>qualche volta, talvolta, ogni tanto </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>所 </td> <td>ところ tokoro </td> <td>posto, luogo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>年 </td> <td>とし toshi </td> <td>anno </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>隣 </td> <td>となり tonari </td> <td>vicino a ... </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鳥 </td> <td>とり tori </td> <td>uccello </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>中 </td> <td>なか naka </td> <td>mezzo (punto spaziale) </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>夏 </td> <td>なつ natsu </td> <td>estate </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>何 </td> <td>なん / なに. nan / nani </td> <td>cosa? Cosa. </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>二 </td> <td>に ni </td> <td>due </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>肉 </td> <td>にく niku </td> <td>carne </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>西 </td> <td>にし nishi </td> <td>occidente </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>庭 </td> <td>にわ niwa </td> <td>giardino </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>猫 </td> <td>ねこ neko </td> <td>gatto </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>歯 </td> <td>は ha </td> <td>dente </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>箱 </td> <td>はこ hako </td> <td>cassetta </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>橋 </td> <td>はし hashi </td> <td>ponte </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>八 </td> <td>はち hachi </td> <td>otto </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>花 </td> <td>はな hana </td> <td>fiore </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鼻 </td> <td>はな hana </td> <td>naso </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>話 </td> <td>はなし hanashi </td> <td>storia, racconto </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>春 </td> <td>はる haru </td> <td>primavera </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>半 </td> <td>はん han </td> <td>metà </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>晩 </td> <td>ばん han </td> <td>sera </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>東 </td> <td>ひがし higashi </td> <td>est </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>左 </td> <td>ひだり hidari </td> <td>sinistra </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>人 </td> <td>ひと hito </td> <td>persona </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>暇 </td> <td>ひま hima </td> <td>tempo libero </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>百 </td> <td>ひゃく hyaku </td> <td>cento </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>昼 </td> <td>ひる hiru </td> <td>giorno ([la luce del giorno]) </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>服 </td> <td>ふく fuku </td> <td>vestito </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>冬 </td> <td>ふゆ fuu </td> <td>inverno </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>辺 </td> <td>へん hen </td> <td>area </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>本 </td> <td>ほん hon </td> <td>libro </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>前 </td> <td>まえ mae </td> <td>prima </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>町 </td> <td>まち machi </td> <td>città </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>窓 </td> <td>まど mado </td> <td>finestra </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>万 </td> <td>まん man </td> <td>diecimila, miriade </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>右 </td> <td>みぎ migi </td> <td>destra </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>水 </td> <td>みず mizu </td> <td>acqua </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>店 </td> <td>みせ mise </td> <td>negozio </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>道 </td> <td>みち michi </td> <td>strada </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>三 </td> <td>つみっつ tsumittsu </td> <td>tre </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>緑 </td> <td>みどり midori </td> <td>verde </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>南 </td> <td>みなみ minami </td> <td>sud </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>耳 </td> <td>みみ mimi </td> <td>orecchio </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>六 </td> <td>つむっつ tsumottsu ろく roku </td> <td>sei </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>村 </td> <td>むら mora </td> <td>villaggio </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>目 </td> <td>め me </td> <td>occhio </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>物 </td> <td>もの mono </td> <td>cosa, roba </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>門 </td> <td>もん mon </td> <td>cancello </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>山 </td> <td>やま yama </td> <td>montagna </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>雪 </td> <td>ゆき uki </td> <td>neve </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>横 </td> <td>よこ yoko </td> <td>lato; ampiezza; accanto; orizzontale </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>夜 </td> <td>よる yoru </td> <td>notte </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>零 </td> <td>れい rei </td> <td>zero </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>私 </td> <td>わたくし watakushi; わたし watashi </td> <td>io (umile); io (piano) </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>間 </td> <td>あいだ aida </td> <td>spazio [porzione di spazio] </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>味 </td> <td>あじ aji </td> <td>sapore, gusto </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>石 </td> <td>いし ishi </td> <td>pietra </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>糸 </td> <td>いと ito </td> <td>filo </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>裏 </td> <td>うら ura </td> <td>interno; lato opposto; di nascosto </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>枝 </td> <td>えだ eda </td> <td>ramo </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>億 </td> <td>おく oku </td> <td>cento milioni </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>夫 </td> <td>おっと otto </td> <td>marito </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>音 </td> <td>おと oto </td> <td>suono, nota </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>表 </td> <td>おもて omote </td> <td>superficie </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>親 </td> <td>おや oya </td> <td>genitori </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鏡 </td> <td>かがみ kakami </td> <td>specchio </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>形 </td> <td>かたち katachi </td> <td>forma </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>壁 </td> <td>かべ kabe </td> <td>muro </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>髪 </td> <td>かみ kami </td> <td>capelli </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>彼 </td> <td>かれ kare </td> <td>lui </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>気 </td> <td>き ki </td> <td>spirito [soffio vitale] </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>絹 </td> <td>きぬ kinu </td> <td>seta </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>君 </td> <td>きみ kimi </td> <td>tu (informale, da uomo a donna) </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>客 </td> <td>きゃく kyaku </td> <td>ospite; cliente </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>急 </td> <td>きゅう kyuu </td> <td>urgente </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>草 </td> <td>くさ kuchi </td> <td>erba </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>首 </td> <td>くび kubi </td> <td>collo </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>雲 </td> <td>くも kumo </td> <td>nuvola </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>君 </td> <td>くん kun </td> <td>suffisso familiare per giovani maschi </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>毛 </td> <td>け ke </td> <td>pelo </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>子 </td> <td>こ ko </td> <td>bambino </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>心 </td> <td>こころ kokoro </td> <td>cuore </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>答 </td> <td>こたえ kotae </td> <td>risposta </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>米 </td> <td>こめ kome </td> <td>riso crudo </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>坂 </td> <td>さか saka </td> <td>collina </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>市 </td> <td>し shi </td> <td>città </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>字 </td> <td>じ ji </td> <td>carattere scritto </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>島 </td> <td>しま shima </td> <td>isola </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>砂 </td> <td>すな suna </td> <td>sabbia </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>隅 </td> <td>すみ sumi </td> <td>angolo </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>席 </td> <td>せき seki </td> <td>posto a sedere </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>線 </td> <td>せん sen </td> <td>linea </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>畳 </td> <td>たたみ tatami </td> <td>tatami [tappeto giapponese] </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>棚 </td> <td>たな tana </td> <td>scaffale </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>為 </td> <td>ため tame </td> <td>affinché/per/al fine di ... </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>血 </td> <td>ち chi </td> <td>sangue </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>力 </td> <td>ちから chikara </td> <td>forza; il potere </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>妻 </td> <td>つま tsuma </td> <td>moglie (umile) </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>寺 </td> <td>てら tera </td> <td>tempio [solitamente buddista] </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>点 </td> <td>てん ten </td> <td>punto </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>都 </td> <td>と to </td> <td>metropoli, grande città </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>中々 </td> <td>なかなか naka-naka </td> <td>molto </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>熱 </td> <td>ねつ netsu </td> <td>febbre </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>葉 </td> <td>は ha </td> <td>foglia </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>倍 </td> <td>ばい bai </td> <td>doppio </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>林 </td> <td>はやし hayashi </td> <td>foresta </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>日 </td> <td>ひ hi </td> <td>giorno; sole </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>火 </td> <td>ひ hi </td> <td>fuoco </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>光 </td> <td>ひかり hikari </td> <td>luce </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>舟 </td> <td>ふね fune </td> <td>barca </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>別 </td> <td>べつ betsu </td> <td>diverso, differente </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>変 </td> <td>へん hen </td> <td>strano </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>僕 </td> <td>ぼく boku </td> <td>io (usato dai maschi) </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>星 </td> <td>ほし hoshi </td> <td>stella </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>湖 </td> <td>みずうみ mizuumi </td> <td>lago </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>皆 </td> <td>みな mina </td> <td>tutti, tutti quanti </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>港 </td> <td>みなと minato </td> <td>porto </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>昔 </td> <td>むかし mukashi </td> <td>in passato [nei vecchi giorni] </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>虫 </td> <td>むし mushi </td> <td>insetto </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>娘 </td> <td>むすめ musume </td> <td>figlia (umile) </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>森 </td> <td>もり mori </td> <td>foresta </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>湯 </td> <td>ゆ u </td> <td>acqua calda </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>指 </td> <td>ゆび ubi </td> <td>dito </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>夢 </td> <td>ゆめ ume </td> <td>sogno </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>用 </td> <td>よう yoo </td> <td>utilizzo, uso </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>訳 </td> <td>わけ wake </td> <td>significato; ragione </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>愛 </td> <td>あい ai </td> <td>amore </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>汗 </td> <td>あせ ase </td> <td>sudore </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>跡 </td> <td>あと ato </td> <td>traccia; resti; rovine; cicatrice </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>穴 </td> <td>あな ana </td> <td>buco </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>油 </td> <td>あぶら abura </td> <td>olio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>粗 </td> <td>あら ara </td> <td>difetto; punto debole </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>嵐 </td> <td>あらし arashi </td> <td>tempesta </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>或 </td> <td>ある aru </td> <td>un certo ...; alcuni ... </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>泡 </td> <td>あわ awa </td> <td>bolla; schiuma (di mare, birra o sapone) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>案 </td> <td>あん an </td> <td>piano [progetto] </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>胃 </td> <td>い i </td> <td>stomaco </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>息 </td> <td>いき iki </td> <td>respiro; il tono (di voce, con cui si parla) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>泉 </td> <td>いずみ izumi </td> <td>fonte </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>稲 </td> <td>いね ine </td> <td>pianta di riso </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>命 </td> <td>いのち inochi </td> <td>ordine; decreto; vita; destino </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>否 </td> <td>いや iya </td> <td>no </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>岩 </td> <td>いわ iwa </td> <td>roccia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>上 </td> <td>うわ uwa </td> <td>superiore; esterno, di superficie; superficie </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>魚 </td> <td>うお uo </td> <td>pesce </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>兎 </td> <td>うさぎ usagi </td> <td>coniglio, lepre </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>牛 </td> <td>うし ushi </td> <td>mucca; bestiame </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>後 </td> <td>うしろ ushiro </td> <td>dopo; da quel momento; in futuro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>嘘 </td> <td>うそ uso </td> <td>bugia; inappropriato </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>内 </td> <td>うち uchi </td> <td>dentro, all'interno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>馬 </td> <td>うま uma </td> <td>cavallo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>梅 </td> <td>うめ ume </td> <td>prugna; pruno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>噂 </td> <td>うわさ uwasa </td> <td>gossip, chiacchiera, diceria </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>運 </td> <td>うん un </td> <td>fortuna </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>柄 </td> <td>え e </td> <td>maniglia, </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>餌 </td> <td>えさ esa </td> <td>nutrire </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>円 </td> <td>えん en </td> <td>cerchio; soldi </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>御 </td> <td>お o </td> <td>onorevole </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>王 </td> <td>おう oo </td> <td>re, sovrano, monarca </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>丘 </td> <td>おか oka </td> <td>collina </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>沖 </td> <td>おき oki </td> <td>mare aperto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>奥 </td> <td>おく oku </td> <td>l'interno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鬼 </td> <td>おに oni </td> <td>demone </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>帯 </td> <td>おび obi </td> <td>cintura; cintura del kimono ("obi") </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>終 </td> <td>おわり owari </td> <td>fine, conclusione </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>音 </td> <td>おん on </td> <td>suono, nota </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>恩 </td> <td>おん on </td> <td>favore </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>可 </td> <td>か ka </td> <td>passabile, fattibile </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>課 </td> <td>か ka </td> <td>classificatore per i capitoli di un libro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>会 </td> <td>かい kai </td> <td>assemblea, meeting; club; associazione; festa, party </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>回 </td> <td>かい kai </td> <td>classificatore per il numero di volte/occorrenze </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>害 </td> <td>がい gai </td> <td>ferita; danno; cattiva influenza </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>係 </td> <td>かかり kakari </td> <td>l'ufficiale, l'incaricato </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鍵 </td> <td>かぎ kagi </td> <td>chiave </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>学 </td> <td>がく gaku </td> <td>lo studio; la conoscenza; l'erudizione </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>額 </td> <td>がく gaku </td> <td>fronte </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>影, 陰 </td> <td>かげ kage </td> <td>ombra </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>籠 </td> <td>かご kago </td> <td>cesto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>数 </td> <td>かず kazu </td> <td>numero </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>型 </td> <td>かた kata </td> <td>forma, modello </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>肩 </td> <td>かた kata </td> <td>spalla </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>方々 </td> <td>かたがた kata-gata </td> <td>dappertutto; qui e là </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>刀 </td> <td>かたな katana </td> <td>coltello; spada </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>金 </td> <td>かね kane </td> <td>oro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>株 </td> <td>かぶ kabu </td> <td>stock, azione (riferito alle società); ceppo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>上 </td> <td>かみ kami </td> <td>primo (volume, tomo) superiore (di qualità) dall'Alto (governativo) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>神 </td> <td>かみ kami </td> <td>Dio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>雷 </td> <td>かみなり kaminari </td> <td>fulmine </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>空 </td> <td>から kara </td> <td>il vuoto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>柄 </td> <td>がら gara </td> <td>manico; elsa della spada </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>川, 河 </td> <td>かわ kawa </td> <td>fiume </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>皮 </td> <td>かわ kawa </td> <td>pelle; pelliccia; cuoio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>革 </td> <td>かわ kawa </td> <td>cuoio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>缶 </td> <td>かん kan </td> <td>scatoletta </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>勘 </td> <td>かん kan </td> <td>l'intuizione, il sesto senso </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>岸 </td> <td>きし kishi </td> <td>costa </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>傷 </td> <td>きず kizu </td> <td>ferita, taglio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>逆 </td> <td>ぎゃく gyaku </td> <td>l'opposto, l'inverso </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>九 </td> <td>きゅう kyuu </td> <td>nove </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>旧 </td> <td>きゅう kyuu </td> <td>ex-... </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>級 </td> <td>きゅう kyuu </td> <td>grado, livello </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>球 </td> <td>きゅう kyuu </td> <td>globo; sfera; palla </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>局 </td> <td>きょく kyoku </td> <td>ufficio, bureau </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>霧 </td> <td>きり kiri </td> <td>nebbia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>金 </td> <td>きん kin </td> <td>oro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>銀 </td> <td>ぎん gin </td> <td>argento </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>九 </td> <td>く ku </td> <td>nove </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>句 </td> <td>く ku </td> <td>frase, sentenza </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鎖 </td> <td>くさり kusari </td> <td>catena </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>癖 </td> <td>くせ kuse </td> <td>vizio, (pessima) abitudine </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>管 </td> <td>くだ kuda </td> <td>tubo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>組 </td> <td>くみ kumi </td> <td>classe; gruppo, team </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>曇 </td> <td>くもり kumori </td> <td>tempo nuvoloso </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>位 </td> <td>くらい kurai </td> <td>grado, rank </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>訓 </td> <td>くん kun </td> <td>kun (lettura giapponese nativa) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>軍 </td> <td>ぐん gun </td> <td>esercito; truppa </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>下 </td> <td>げ ge </td> <td>sotto; al di sotto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>計 </td> <td>けい kei </td> <td>piano [progetto] </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>劇 </td> <td>げき geki </td> <td>dramma teatrale </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>煙 </td> <td>けむり kemori </td> <td>fumo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>券 </td> <td>けん ken </td> <td>biglietto, ticket; certificato; bond, buono del tesoro/di Stato </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>県 </td> <td>けん ken </td> <td>prefettura </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>軒 </td> <td>けん ken </td> <td>gronda, cornicione </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>後 </td> <td>ご go </td> <td>dopo; da quel momento; dopo/in futuro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>語 </td> <td>ご go </td> <td>linguaggio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>恋 </td> <td>こい koi </td> <td>affetto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>氷 </td> <td>こおり koori </td> <td>ghiaccio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>極 </td> <td>ごく goku </td> <td>molto, davvero </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>腰 </td> <td>こし koshi </td> <td>fianco [anatomia] </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>事 </td> <td>こと koto </td> <td>faccenda, fatto, cosa </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>諺 </td> <td>ことわざ kotowaza </td> <td>proverbio, massima di saggezza, motto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>粉 </td> <td>こな kona </td> <td>farina; polvere </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>塵 </td> <td>ごみ gomi </td> <td>polvere; lo sporco </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>頃 </td> <td>ころ koro </td> <td>tempo; grossomodo, circa [riferito al tempo] </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>差 </td> <td>さ sa </td> <td>differenza </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>際 </td> <td>さい sai </td> <td>circostanze </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>境 </td> <td>さかい sakai </td> <td>confine; stato mentale </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>昨 </td> <td>さく saku </td> <td>ieri; lo scorso (anno) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>桜 </td> <td>さくら sakura </td> <td>fiore di ciliegio; il ciliegio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>酒 </td> <td>さけ sake </td> <td>alcol; sakè [vino di riso giapponese] </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>札 </td> <td>さつ satsu </td> <td>banconota, cartamoneta ("fuda" indica il biglietto, ticket; ricetta) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>様々 </td> <td>さまざま sama-zama </td> <td>vari, svariati/diversi </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>皿 </td> <td>さら sara </td> <td>piatto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>猿 </td> <td>さる saru </td> <td>scimmia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>四 </td> <td>し shi </td> <td>quattro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>氏 </td> <td>し shi </td> <td>nome di famiglia; lignaggio, clan </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>詩 </td> <td>し shi </td> <td>poesia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>式 </td> <td>しき shiki </td> <td>formula; cerimonia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>直 </td> <td>じき jiki </td> <td>immediatamente, subito </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>舌 </td> <td>した shita </td> <td>lingua [organo] </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>七 </td> <td>しち shichi </td> <td>sette </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>質 </td> <td>しつ shitsu </td> <td>natura (di una persona) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>品 </td> <td>しな shina </td> <td>cosa; prodotto, articolo in vendita; item; classificatore per i pasti </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>霜 </td> <td>しも shimo </td> <td>brina </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>下 </td> <td>しも shimo </td> <td>sotto; al di sotto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>週 </td> <td>しゅう shuu </td> <td>settimana </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>州 </td> <td>しゅう shuu </td> <td>stato [in origine indicava il banco di sabbia] </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>十 </td> <td>じゅう juu </td> <td>dieci </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>小 </td> <td>しょう shoo </td> <td>piccolo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>章 </td> <td>しょう shoo </td> <td>capitolo, sezione; medaglia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>賞 </td> <td>しょう shoo </td> <td>premio, ricompensa </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>上 </td> <td>じょう joo </td> <td>primo (volume, tomo); superiore (di qualità) dall'Alto (governativo) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>少々 </td> <td>しょうしょう shoo-shoo </td> <td>piccola quantità </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>職 </td> <td>しょく shoku </td> <td>impiego </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>尻 </td> <td>しり shiri </td> <td>sedere, fondoschiena, natiche, glutei </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>印 </td> <td>しるし shirushi </td> <td>simbolo; marcatore </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>城 </td> <td>しろ shiro </td> <td>castello; fortezza </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>巣 </td> <td>す su </td> <td>nido </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>図 </td> <td>ず zu </td> <td>figura (es. Fig. 1); illustrazione </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>末 </td> <td>すえ sue </td> <td>la fine; polvere </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>姿 </td> <td>すがた sugata </td> <td>figura; portamento </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>筋 </td> <td>すじ suji </td> <td>muscolo; tendine </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>角 </td> <td>すみ sumi </td> <td>corno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>背 </td> <td>せい sei </td> <td>statura ("se" indica invece la schiena) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>正 </td> <td>せい sei </td> <td>logicamente vero; regolare </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>生 </td> <td>せいsei </td> <td>crudo; grezzo; alla spina (birra) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>性 </td> <td>せい sei </td> <td>sesso/genere </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>税 </td> <td>ぜい sei </td> <td>tassa </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>精々 </td> <td>せいぜい sei-zei </td> <td>fin dove possibile, il più possibile, al proprio meglio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>咳 </td> <td>せき seki </td> <td>tossire </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>説 </td> <td>せつ setsu </td> <td>teoria </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>善 </td> <td>ぜん zen </td> <td>il bene </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>全 </td> <td>ぜん zen </td> <td>intero/tutto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>象 </td> <td>ぞう zoo </td> <td>elefante </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>底 </td> <td>そこ soko </td> <td>il fondo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>袖 </td> <td>そで sode </td> <td>manica </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>側 </td> <td>そば soba </td> <td>lato; confine </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>損 </td> <td>そん son </td> <td>perdita; svantaggio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>田 </td> <td>た ta </td> <td>risaia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>他 </td> <td>た ta </td> <td>altro (posto/cosa) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>対 </td> <td>たい tai </td> <td>paio, coppia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>大 </td> <td>だい dai </td> <td>grande, grosso </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>台 </td> <td>だい dai </td> <td>piattaforma, piedistallo, podio, supporto, stand; tavolo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>題 </td> <td>だい dai </td> <td>titolo; soggetto/argomento/tema </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>宝 </td> <td>たから takara </td> <td>tesoro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>宅 </td> <td>たく taku </td> <td>casa; marito </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>唯 </td> <td>ただ ; たった tada; tatta </td> <td>gratis; solo, soltanto, solamente; meramente </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>縦 </td> <td>たて tate </td> <td>lunghezza/estensione, altezza </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>谷 </td> <td>たに tani </td> <td>valle </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>種 </td> <td>たね tane </td> <td>seme; materiale; causa/motivo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>束 </td> <td>たば taba </td> <td>mazzo di (fiori ecc.) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>度 </td> <td>たび tabi </td> <td>classificatore per il numero di volte </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>旅 </td> <td>たび tabi </td> <td>viaggio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>玉 </td> <td>たま tama </td> <td>sfera, palla; moneta </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>球 </td> <td>たま tama </td> <td>sfera, palla, globo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>弾 </td> <td>たま tama </td> <td>proiettile </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>偶 </td> <td>たま tama </td> <td>numero pari; coppia (di persone); amico </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>偶々 </td> <td>たまたま tama-tama </td> <td>casualmente, inaspettatamente, accidentalmente, per caso </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>段 </td> <td>だん dan </td> <td>livello/rank; gradino, scala </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>地 </td> <td>ち chi </td> <td>terra </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>茶 </td> <td>ちゃ cha </td> <td>tè </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>中 </td> <td>ちゅう chuu </td> <td>dentro; in mezzo (punto preciso o generico) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>注 </td> <td>ちゅう chuu </td> <td>annotazione/nota </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>月 </td> <td>つき tsuki </td> <td>luna; mese </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>次々 </td> <td>つぎつぎ tsugi-tsugi </td> <td>in successione, di fila, uno a uno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>土 </td> <td>つち tsuchi </td> <td>terreno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>翼 </td> <td>つばさ tsubasa </td> <td>ali </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>罪 </td> <td>つみ tsumi </td> <td>crimine; colpa; indiscrezione </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>敵 </td> <td>てき teki </td> <td>nemico, rivale </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鉄 </td> <td>てつ tetsu </td> <td>ferro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>度 </td> <td>ど do </td> <td>classificatore per il numero di volte </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>党 </td> <td>とう too </td> <td>partito </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>塔 </td> <td>とう too </td> <td>torre, pagoda </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>十 </td> <td>とお too </td> <td>dieci </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>時 </td> <td>とき toki </td> <td>tempo; ora; momento, volta/occasione </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>毒 </td> <td>どく doku </td> <td>veleno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>友 </td> <td>とも tomo </td> <td>amico </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>虎 </td> <td>とら tora </td> <td>tigre </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>泥 </td> <td>どろ doro </td> <td>fango </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>名 </td> <td>な na </td> <td>reputazione/"nome" </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>仲 </td> <td>なか naka </td> <td>relazione </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>謎 </td> <td>なぞ nazo </td> <td>indovinello, enigma; puzzle </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>七 </td> <td>なな nana </td> <td>sette </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>何 </td> <td>なに; なん nani; nan </td> <td>cosa </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鍋 </td> <td>なべ nabe </td> <td>pentola, casseruola </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>生 </td> <td>なま nama </td> <td>crudo; grezzo; alla spina (birra) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>波 </td> <td>なみ nami </td> <td>onda </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>涙 </td> <td>なみだ tamida </td> <td>lacrima </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>縄 </td> <td>なわ nawa </td> <td>corda; canapa </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>日 </td> <td>にち nichi </td> <td>sole; giorno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>布 </td> <td>ぬの nuno </td> <td>vestito </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>根 </td> <td>ね ne </td> <td>radice </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>値 </td> <td>ね ne </td> <td>valore; prezzo/costo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鼠 </td> <td>ねずみ nezumi </td> <td>topo, ratto; grigio scuro, grigio ardesia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>野 </td> <td>の no </td> <td>campo (e.g. in campagna) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>能 </td> <td>のう noo </td> <td>essere competente/esperto/abile in; per bene </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>軒 </td> <td>のき noki </td> <td>gronda, cornicione </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>後 </td> <td>のち nochi </td> <td>dopo/dopodiché; da quel momento; in futuro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>喉 </td> <td>のど node </td> <td>gola </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>場 </td> <td>ば ba </td> <td>posto, luogo; campo (in fisica) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>灰 </td> <td>はい hai </td> <td>cenere </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>墓 </td> <td>はか haka </td> <td>tomba </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>端 </td> <td>はし hashi </td> <td>il fondo (es. di una strada); margine, punta </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>旗 </td> <td>はた hata </td> <td>bandiera </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>肌 </td> <td>はだ hada </td> <td>pelle </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>裸 </td> <td>はだか hadaka </td> <td>nudo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>畑 </td> <td>はたけ hatake </td> <td>campo (es. in campagna) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>羽 </td> <td>はね hane </td> <td>classificatore per uccelli e conigli </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>幅 </td> <td>はば haba </td> <td>larghezza, ampiezza </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>腹 </td> <td>はら hara </td> <td>addome, pancia; stomaco </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>原 </td> <td>はら hara </td> <td>campo, tundra, prateria; acquitrino; la natura selvaggia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>針 </td> <td>はり hari </td> <td>ago; lancetta (es. di orologio) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>羽 </td> <td>はね hane </td> <td>classificatore per uccelli e conigli </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>番 </td> <td>ばん ban </td> <td>numero (in una serie); turno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>灯 </td> <td>ひ hi </td> <td>luce </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>額 </td> <td>ひたい hitai </td> <td>fronte </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>紐 </td> <td>ひも himo </td> <td>spago, cavo; protettore, pappone, mezzano, "pimp" </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>表 </td> <td>ひょう hyoo </td> <td>tabella, lista </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>秒 </td> <td>びょう byoo </td> <td>secondi [anticamente indicava l'arista del chicco di riso] </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>品 </td> <td>ひん hin </td> <td>articolo in vendita/esposizione, merce/bene; classificatore per le portate (in un pasto) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>瓶 </td> <td>びん bin </td> <td>bottiglia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>便 </td> <td>びん bin </td> <td>modo/metodo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>不 </td> <td>ふ, ぶ fu, bu </td> <td>non-, in-, un- irr- !!! [è un prefisso negativo, indicato a sé] </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>無 </td> <td>ぶ bu </td> <td>niente, nulla </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>分 </td> <td>ぶ, ぶん bu, bun </td> <td>parte/pezzo/segmento </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>笛 </td> <td>ふえ fue </td> <td>flauto, piffero </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>袋 </td> <td>ふくろ fukuro </td> <td>borsa/sacco </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>節 </td> <td>ふし fushi </td> <td>nodo; manopola </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>縁 </td> <td>ふち fuchi </td> <td>mezzo (es. per vivere) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>筆 </td> <td>ふで fude </td> <td>pennello (per scrivere e per calligrafie) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>船 </td> <td>ふね fune </td> <td>nave, barca (anche a motore); spedizione via mare </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>文 </td> <td>ぶん bun </td> <td>frase/sentenza </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>塀 </td> <td>へい hei </td> <td>muro; recinzione, recinto, staccionata </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>方 </td> <td>ほう hoo </td> <td>lato </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>法 </td> <td>ほう hoo </td> <td>Atto (in legge) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>棒 </td> <td>ぼう boo </td> <td>palo, asta </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>方々 </td> <td>ほうぼう hoo-boo </td> <td>la gente; dappertutto, qua e là; questo e quello </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>他 </td> <td>ほか hoka </td> <td>altro (posto, cosa) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>外 </td> <td>ほか hoka </td> <td>altrove; il resto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>埃 </td> <td>ほこり hokori </td> <td>polvere </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>程 </td> <td>ほど hodo </td> <td>grado/estensione; limite </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>仏 </td> <td>ほとけ hotoke </td> <td>Buddha; persona clemente; il morto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>骨 </td> <td>ほね hone </td> <td>osso </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>炎 </td> <td>ほのお honoo </td> <td>fiamma </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>頬 </td> <td>ほほ, ほお hoho, hoo </td> <td>guancia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>濠 </td> <td>ほり hori </td> <td>fossa; fossato </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>間 </td> <td>ま ma </td> <td>stanza; spazio; tempo/periodo temporale; pausa </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>幕 </td> <td>まく maku </td> <td>tenda; atto (di un'opera teatrale) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>孫 </td> <td>まご mago </td> <td>nipote </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>又 </td> <td>また mata </td> <td>di nuovo, nuovamente/ancora </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>松 </td> <td>まつ matsu </td> <td>pino; il primo (su una scala gerarchica di tre livelli, es. podio) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>祭 </td> <td>まつり matsuri </td> <td>festa/festival </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>豆 </td> <td>まめ mame </td> <td>fagioli, piselli </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>丸 </td> <td>まる maru </td> <td>cerchio; mese intero; perfezione, purezza </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>円 </td> <td>まる maru </td> <td>cerchio; soldi </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>身 </td> <td>み mi </td> <td>corpo; parte principale; sé stesso </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>実 </td> <td>み mi </td> <td>realtà; verità; buon risultato/frutto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>密 </td> <td>みつ mitsu </td> <td>denso; segreto; stretta (relazione); esoterico </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>皆 </td> <td>みんな minma </td> <td>tutti quanti </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>都 </td> <td>みやこ miyako </td> <td>la capitale </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>妙 </td> <td>みょう myoo </td> <td>strano, strambo, inusuale </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>無 </td> <td>む mo </td> <td>nulla, niente </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>胸 </td> <td>むね mone </td> <td>torace; petto; seno </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>芽 </td> <td>め me </td> <td>germoglio, virgulto </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>飯 </td> <td>めし meshi </td> <td>cibo; pranzo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>面 </td> <td>めん men </td> <td>faccia; superficie; maschera; lato </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>綿 </td> <td>めん men </td> <td>cotone; imbottitura </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>元 </td> <td>もと moto </td> <td>originale; origine; precedente </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>基 </td> <td>もと moto </td> <td>base </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>素 </td> <td>もと moto </td> <td>origine; la base; originale </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>者 </td> <td>もの mono </td> <td>persona </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>役 </td> <td>やく yaku </td> <td>ruolo/posizione; servizio; l'uso/utilizzo </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>約 </td> <td>やく yaku </td> <td>circa, all'incirca </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>訳 </td> <td>やく yaku </td> <td>causa/ragione; significato; circostanze; situazione/circostanza </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>宿 </td> <td>やど yado </td> <td>locanda, albergo/"ospizio" </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>床 </td> <td>ゆか yuka </td> <td>pavimento </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>夜 </td> <td>よ yo </td> <td>sera, notte </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>様 </td> <td>よう yoo </td> <td>modo; tipo/genere </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>嫁 </td> <td>よめ yome </td> <td>sposa; figliastra </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>四 </td> <td>よん yon </td> <td>quattro </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>来 </td> <td>らい rai </td> <td>il prossimo (anno); i prossimi (10 giorni) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>楽 </td> <td>らく raku </td> <td>comfort, comodità, agio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>陸 </td> <td>りく riku </td> <td>sei (variante usata nei documenti legali) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>率 </td> <td>りつ ritsu </td> <td>proporzione; rapporto; percentuale </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>量 </td> <td>りょう ryoo </td> <td>quantità/ammontare, volume </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>例 </td> <td>れい rei </td> <td>esempio/caso </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>礼 </td> <td>れい rei </td> <td>espressione di gratitudine </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>列 </td> <td>れつ rewa </td> <td>la coda/fila (di persone) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>輪 </td> <td>わ wa </td> <td>anello/circolo, cerchio </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>脇 </td> <td>わき waki </td> <td>lato </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>綿 </td> <td>わた wata </td> <td>cotone; imbottitura </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>我々 </td> <td>われわれ ware-ware </td> <td>noi </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>湾 </td> <td>わん wan </td> <td>baia; golfo; insenatura </td> <td>3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_giapponese" title="Lingua giapponese">Lingua giapponese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicali_Kangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicali Kangxi">Radicali Kangxi</a> (cinese; include il Primo Cinese Medio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicali_(giapponese)" title="Radicali (giapponese)">Radicali (giapponese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicali_Shuowen" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicali Shuowen">Radicali Shuowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricostruzione_filologica_dei_sinogrammi_pi%C3%B9_diffusi" title="Ricostruzione filologica dei sinogrammi più diffusi">Ricostruzione filologica dei sinogrammi più diffusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a> con ricostruzione filologica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a> con ricostruzione filologica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">Okurigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yogana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On%27yomi" title="On'yomi">Lettura on</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kun%27yomi" title="Kun'yomi">Lettura kun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinese_medio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinese medio">Cinese medio e varietà storiche di giapponese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinese_antico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinese antico">Cinese antico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-sino-tibetano" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-sino-tibetano">Proto-sino-tibetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-tibeto-birmano" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-tibeto-birmano">Proto-tibeto-birmano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_cinese" title="Lingua cinese">Lingua cinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinese_moderno_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinese moderno standard">Cinese moderno standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanhua" title="Guanhua">Guanhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caratteri_cinesi" title="Caratteri cinesi">Hanzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caratteri_semplificati" class="mw-redirect" title="Caratteri semplificati">Caratteri semplificati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caratteri_tradizionali" class="mw-redirect" title="Caratteri tradizionali">Caratteri tradizionali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a> (include una lista ufficiale di 1800 hanja)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_coreana" title="Lingua coreana">Lingua coreana</a> (include i radicali in coreano)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_vietnamita" title="Lingua vietnamita">Lingua vietnamita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_n%C3%B4m" class="mw-redirect" title="Chữ nôm">Chu nom</a> (include una lista di Han tu' base)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_SKIP_dei_kanji" title="Classificazione SKIP dei kanji">Classificazione SKIP dei kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakunenbetsu_kanji_hait%C5%8Dhy%C5%8D" title="Gakunenbetsu kanji haitōhyō">Gakunenbetsu kanji haitōhyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grado_dei_kanji" title="Grado dei kanji">Grado dei kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji">Jinmeiyō kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji">Jōyō kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kun%27yomi" title="Kun'yomi">Kun'yomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">Kyūjitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanori" title="Nanori">Nanori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrittura_del_giapponese" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrittura del giapponese">Scrittura del giapponese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">Shinjitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Tōyō kanji">Tōyō kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_dell%27anno" title="Kanji dell'anno">Kanji dell'anno</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em">Altri progetti<ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/kanji" class="extiw" title="wikt:kanji">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kanji" class="extiw" title="v:Kanji">Wikiversità</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kanji?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/kanji" class="extiw" title="wikt:kanji">kanji</a>»</li> <li><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiversità"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiversità" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/18px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/36px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversità</a> contiene risorse sul <a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kanji" class="extiw" title="v:Kanji">kanji</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a> contiene immagini o altri file sul <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kanji?uselang=it">kanji</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/kanji.html">kanji</a>, su sapere.it, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/kanji">kanji</a>, su <a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/kanji">Opere riguardanti Kanji</a>, su <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772#P3847" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFOLDOC" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>) Denis Howe, <a href="https://foldoc.org/Kanji" class="extiw" title="foldoc:Kanji">kanji</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Free_On-line_Dictionary_of_Computing" title="Free On-line Dictionary of Computing">Free On-line Dictionary of Computing</a>.</cite> Disponibile con licenza <a href="/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lodel.ehess.fr/crlao/document.php?id=1217">http://lodel.ehess.fr/crlao/document.php?id=1217</a> (ricostruzione in Primo Cinese Medio del Guangyun, 9000 sillabe, di Baxter, 2011; scaricabile in PDF)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studiaregiapponese.wordpress.com/kanji-per-anno/">Elenco dei kanji suddivisi per anno scolastico</a> (con traduzione e note in italiano)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~ik2r-myr/kanji/italian/kanji1i.htm">Esercitati coi kanji</a>, un programma on-line di flashcards Java per studiare e testare i kanji, inclusi letture (on-yomi, kun-yomi) e test dei significati</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kanji-trainer.org/login.php?zum_test=1&ln_neu=it">Kanji-Trainer</a> Programma gratuito per imparare i Kanji giapponesi con spiegazione delle componenti e con frasi mnemoniche. Il riconoscimento tratti supporta la corretta scrittura.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italiajapan.net/nihongo/kanji/">Kanji Cards</a> (i kanji del primo anno scolastico in italiano)</li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japancalligraphy.eu/it/kanji/">Calligrafia giapponese. Kanji</a>, su japancalligraphy.eu.</cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026091015/http://www.taipansoftware.com/kanji/explore.php">Kanji Explorer</a> (dizionario di kanji in inglese)</li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/wwwjdic.html">Dizionario/database on-line della Monash University (a cura di Jim Breen)</a>, su csse.monash.edu.au.</cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207131933/http://www.kanjinetworks.com/index.cfm">Dizionario etimologico dei Kanji</a> (in inglese)</li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/unihan.html">Unihan database</a>, su unicode.org.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japanesetattoo.webnode.com/nome-in-giapponese/">Storia, origine e sviluppo dei Kanji</a>, su japanesetattoo.webnode.com.</cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kanji-4u.blogspot.com/">How to use KANJI 4 U</a> (kanji presentati in diversi "font")</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> (<abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh94003737">sh94003737</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> (<abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4135854-5">4135854-5</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> (<abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4983354">XX4983354</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4983354">(data)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> (<abbr title="francese">FR</abbr>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974966p">cb11974966p</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974966p">(data)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> (<abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007537028805171">987007537028805171</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> (<abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565007">00565007</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modifica</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Note">modifica wikitesto</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr>) Shogakukan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/jaitword/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97">Dizionario Shogakukan giapponese-italiano 2a edizione, sito web Kotobank 漢字をイタリア語で言うと - コトバンク和伊辞典</a>, su コトバンク. URL consultato l'11 novembre 2024.</cite> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsible autocollapse noprint metadata" id="navbox-Radicali_Kangxi"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radicali_Kangxi" title="Template:Radicali Kangxi">V</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Radicali_Kangxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Radicali Kangxi (la pagina non esiste)">D</a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Radicali_Kangxi&action=edit">M</a></div></div><a href="/wiki/Radicali_(cinese)" title="Radicali (cinese)">Radicali Kangxi</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd">1 tratto (画): 1 <a href="/wiki/Radicale_1" title="Radicale 1">一</a> 2<a href="/wiki/Radicale_2" title="Radicale 2">丨</a> 3<a href="/wiki/Radicale_3" title="Radicale 3">丶</a> 4<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 4 (la pagina non esiste)">丿</a> 5<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 5 (la pagina non esiste)">乙</a> 6<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 6 (la pagina non esiste)">亅</a> 2 tratti: 7<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 7 (la pagina non esiste)">二</a> 8<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 8 (la pagina non esiste)">亠</a> 9<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 9 (la pagina non esiste)">人</a> 10<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 10 (la pagina non esiste)">儿</a> 11<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 11 (la pagina non esiste)">入</a> 12<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 12 (la pagina non esiste)">八</a> 13<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 13 (la pagina non esiste)">冂</a> 14<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 14 (la pagina non esiste)">冖</a> 15<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 15 (la pagina non esiste)">冫</a> 16<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 16 (la pagina non esiste)">几</a> 17<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 17 (la pagina non esiste)">凵</a> 18<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 18 (la pagina non esiste)">刀</a> 19<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 19 (la pagina non esiste)">力</a> 20<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 20 (la pagina non esiste)">勹</a> 21<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 21 (la pagina non esiste)">匕</a> 22<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 22 (la pagina non esiste)">匚</a> 23<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 23 (la pagina non esiste)">匸</a> 24<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 24 (la pagina non esiste)">十</a> 25<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 25 (la pagina non esiste)">卜</a> 26<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 26 (la pagina non esiste)">卩</a> 27<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 27 (la pagina non esiste)">厂</a> 28<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_28&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 28 (la pagina non esiste)">厶</a> 29<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 29 (la pagina non esiste)">又</a> 3 tratti: 30<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 30 (la pagina non esiste)">口</a> 31<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 31 (la pagina non esiste)">囗</a> 32<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 32 (la pagina non esiste)">土</a> 33<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 33 (la pagina non esiste)">士</a> 34<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_34&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 34 (la pagina non esiste)">夂</a> 35<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 35 (la pagina non esiste)">夊</a> 36<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 36 (la pagina non esiste)">夕</a> 37<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 37 (la pagina non esiste)">大</a> 38<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 38 (la pagina non esiste)">女</a> 39<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 39 (la pagina non esiste)">子</a> 40<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 40 (la pagina non esiste)">宀</a> 41<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 41 (la pagina non esiste)">寸</a> 42<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 42 (la pagina non esiste)">小</a> 43<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_43&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 43 (la pagina non esiste)">尢</a> 44<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_44&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 44 (la pagina non esiste)">尸</a> 45<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 45 (la pagina non esiste)">屮</a> 46<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 46 (la pagina non esiste)">山</a> 47<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 47 (la pagina non esiste)">巛</a> 48<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_48&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 48 (la pagina non esiste)">工</a> 49<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_49&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 49 (la pagina non esiste)">己</a> 50<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 50 (la pagina non esiste)">巾</a> 51<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 51 (la pagina non esiste)">干</a> 52<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_52&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 52 (la pagina non esiste)">幺</a> 53<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_53&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 53 (la pagina non esiste)">广</a> 54<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_54&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 54 (la pagina non esiste)">廴</a> 55<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 55 (la pagina non esiste)">廿</a> 56<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 56 (la pagina non esiste)">弋</a> 57<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_57&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 57 (la pagina non esiste)">弓</a> 58<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_58&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 58 (la pagina non esiste)">彐</a> 59<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 59 (la pagina non esiste)">彡</a> 60<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_60&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 60 (la pagina non esiste)">彳</a> 4 tratti: 61<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_61&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 61 (la pagina non esiste)">心</a> 62<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_62&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 62 (la pagina non esiste)">戈</a> 63<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_63&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 63 (la pagina non esiste)">戶</a> 64<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_64&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 64 (la pagina non esiste)">手</a> 65<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_65&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 65 (la pagina non esiste)">支</a> 66<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_66&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 66 (la pagina non esiste)">攴</a> 67<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_67&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 67 (la pagina non esiste)">文</a> 68<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 68 (la pagina non esiste)">斗</a> 69<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_69&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 69 (la pagina non esiste)">斤</a> 70<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 70 (la pagina non esiste)">方</a> 70<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 71 (la pagina non esiste)">无</a> 72<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_72&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 72 (la pagina non esiste)">日</a> 73<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_73&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 73 (la pagina non esiste)">曰</a> 74<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_74&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 74 (la pagina non esiste)">月</a> 75<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_75&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 75 (la pagina non esiste)">木</a> 76<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_76&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 76 (la pagina non esiste)">欠</a> 77<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_77&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 77 (la pagina non esiste)">止</a> 78<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_78&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 78 (la pagina non esiste)">歹</a> 79<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_79&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 79 (la pagina non esiste)">殳</a> 80<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 80 (la pagina non esiste)">毋</a> 81<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 81 (la pagina non esiste)">比</a> 82<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 82 (la pagina non esiste)">毛</a> 83<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 83 (la pagina non esiste)">氏</a> 84<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 84 (la pagina non esiste)">气</a> 85<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 85 (la pagina non esiste)">水</a> 86<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 86 (la pagina non esiste)">火</a> 87<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 87 (la pagina non esiste)">爪</a> 88<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 88 (la pagina non esiste)">父</a> 89<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 89 (la pagina non esiste)">爻</a> 90<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 90 (la pagina non esiste)">爿</a> 91<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 91 (la pagina non esiste)">片</a> 92<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 92 (la pagina non esiste)">牙</a> 93<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 93 (la pagina non esiste)">牛</a> 94<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 94 (la pagina non esiste)">犬</a> 5 tratti: 95<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 95 (la pagina non esiste)">玄</a> 96<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 96 (la pagina non esiste)">玉</a> 97<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 97 (la pagina non esiste)">瓜</a> 98<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 98 (la pagina non esiste)">瓦</a> 99<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 99 (la pagina non esiste)">甘</a> 100<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 100 (la pagina non esiste)">生</a> 101<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_101&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 101 (la pagina non esiste)">用</a> 102<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 102 (la pagina non esiste)">田</a> 103<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_103&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 103 (la pagina non esiste)">疋</a> 104<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_104&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 104 (la pagina non esiste)">疒</a> 105<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_105&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 105 (la pagina non esiste)">癶</a> 106<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 106 (la pagina non esiste)">白</a> 107<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_107&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 107 (la pagina non esiste)">皮</a> 108<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_108&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 108 (la pagina non esiste)">皿</a> 109<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_109&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 109 (la pagina non esiste)">目</a> 110<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 110 (la pagina non esiste)">矛</a> 111<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_111&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 111 (la pagina non esiste)">矢</a> 112<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_112&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 112 (la pagina non esiste)">石</a> 113<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_113&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 113 (la pagina non esiste)">示</a> 114<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 114 (la pagina non esiste)">禸</a> 115<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_115&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 115 (la pagina non esiste)">禾</a> 116<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 116 (la pagina non esiste)">穴</a> 117<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_117&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 117 (la pagina non esiste)">立</a> 6 tratti: 118<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_118&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 118 (la pagina non esiste)">竹</a> 119<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_119&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 119 (la pagina non esiste)">米</a> 120<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 120 (la pagina non esiste)">糸</a> 121<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_121&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 121 (la pagina non esiste)">缶</a> 122<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_122&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 122 (la pagina non esiste)">网</a> 123<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_123&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 123 (la pagina non esiste)">羊</a> 124<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_124&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 124 (la pagina non esiste)">羽</a> 125<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_125&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 125 (la pagina non esiste)">老</a> 126<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_126&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 126 (la pagina non esiste)">而</a> 127<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_127&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 127 (la pagina non esiste)">耒</a> 128<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_128&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 128 (la pagina non esiste)">耳</a> 129<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_129&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 129 (la pagina non esiste)">聿</a> 130<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 130 (la pagina non esiste)">肉</a> 131<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_131&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 131 (la pagina non esiste)">臣</a> 132<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_132&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 132 (la pagina non esiste)">自</a> 133<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_133&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 133 (la pagina non esiste)">至</a> 134<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_134&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 134 (la pagina non esiste)">臼</a> 135<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 135 (la pagina non esiste)">舌</a> 136<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_136&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 136 (la pagina non esiste)">舛</a> 137<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_137&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 137 (la pagina non esiste)">舟</a> 138<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_138&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 138 (la pagina non esiste)">艮</a> 139<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_139&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 139 (la pagina non esiste)">色</a> 140<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_140&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 140 (la pagina non esiste)">艸</a> 141<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_141&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 141 (la pagina non esiste)">虍</a> 142<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_142&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 142 (la pagina non esiste)">虫</a> 143<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_143&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 143 (la pagina non esiste)">血</a> 144<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_144&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 144 (la pagina non esiste)">行</a> 145<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_145&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 145 (la pagina non esiste)">衣</a> 146<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_146&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 146 (la pagina non esiste)">西</a> 7 tratti: 147<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_147&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 147 (la pagina non esiste)">見</a> 148<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_148&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 148 (la pagina non esiste)">角</a> 149<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_149&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 149 (la pagina non esiste)">言</a> 150<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_150&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 150 (la pagina non esiste)">谷</a> 151<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_151&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 151 (la pagina non esiste)">豆</a> 152<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_152&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 152 (la pagina non esiste)">豕</a> 153<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_153&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 153 (la pagina non esiste)">豸</a> 154<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 154 (la pagina non esiste)">貝</a> 155<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_155&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 155 (la pagina non esiste)">赤</a> 156<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_156&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 156 (la pagina non esiste)">走</a> 157<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_157&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 157 (la pagina non esiste)">足</a> 158<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_158&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 158 (la pagina non esiste)">身</a> 159<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_159&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 159 (la pagina non esiste)">車</a> 160<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_160&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 160 (la pagina non esiste)">辛</a> 161<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_161&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 161 (la pagina non esiste)">辰</a> 162<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_162&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 162 (la pagina non esiste)">辵</a> 163<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_163&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 163 (la pagina non esiste)">邑</a> 164<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_164&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 164 (la pagina non esiste)">酉</a> 165<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_165&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 165 (la pagina non esiste)">釆</a> 166<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_166&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 166 (la pagina non esiste)">里</a> 8 tratti: 167<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_167&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 167 (la pagina non esiste)">金</a> 168<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_168&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 168 (la pagina non esiste)">長</a> 169<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_169&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 169 (la pagina non esiste)">門</a> 170<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_170&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 170 (la pagina non esiste)">阜</a> 171<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_171&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 171 (la pagina non esiste)">隶</a> 172<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 172 (la pagina non esiste)">隹</a> 173<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_173&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 173 (la pagina non esiste)">雨</a> 174<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_174&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 174 (la pagina non esiste)">青</a> 175<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_175&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 175 (la pagina non esiste)">非</a> 9 tratti: 176<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_176&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 176 (la pagina non esiste)">面</a> 177<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_177&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 177 (la pagina non esiste)">革</a> 178<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_178&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 178 (la pagina non esiste)">韋</a> 179<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_179&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 179 (la pagina non esiste)">韭</a> 180<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_180&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 180 (la pagina non esiste)">音</a> 181<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_181&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 181 (la pagina non esiste)">頁</a> 182<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_182&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 182 (la pagina non esiste)">風</a> 183<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_183&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 183 (la pagina non esiste)">飛</a> 184<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_184&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 184 (la pagina non esiste)">食</a> 185<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_185&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 185 (la pagina non esiste)">首</a> 186<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_186&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 186 (la pagina non esiste)">香</a> 10 tratti: 187<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_187&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 187 (la pagina non esiste)">馬</a> 188<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_188&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 188 (la pagina non esiste)">骨</a> 189<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_189&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 189 (la pagina non esiste)">高</a> 190<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_190&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 190 (la pagina non esiste)">髟</a> 191<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_191&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 191 (la pagina non esiste)">鬥</a> 192<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_192&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 192 (la pagina non esiste)">鬯</a> 193<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_193&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 193 (la pagina non esiste)">鬲</a> 194<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_194&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 194 (la pagina non esiste)">鬼</a> 11 tratti: 195<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 195 (la pagina non esiste)">魚</a> 196<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_196&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 196 (la pagina non esiste)">鳥</a> 197<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_197&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 197 (la pagina non esiste)">鹵</a> 198<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_198&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 198 (la pagina non esiste)">鹿</a> 199<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_199&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 199 (la pagina non esiste)">麥</a> 200<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_200&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 200 (la pagina non esiste)">麻</a> 12 tratti: 201<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_201&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 201 (la pagina non esiste)">黃</a> 202<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_202&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 202 (la pagina non esiste)">黍</a> 203<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_203&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 203 (la pagina non esiste)">黑</a> 204<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_204&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 204 (la pagina non esiste)">黹</a> 13 tratti: 205<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_205&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 205 (la pagina non esiste)">黽</a> 206<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_206&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 206 (la pagina non esiste)">鼎</a> 207<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_207&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 207 (la pagina non esiste)">鼓</a> 208<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_208&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 208 (la pagina non esiste)">鼠</a> 14 tratti: 209<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_209&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 209 (la pagina non esiste)">鼻</a> 210<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_210&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicale 210 (la pagina non esiste)">齊</a> 15 tratti: 211<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicale_211&action=edit&redlink=1" 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