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decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div 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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Metod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Metod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upotreba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upotreba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Upotreba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upotreba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Genski nokaut</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 22 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%A9" title="تعطيل مورثة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعطيل مورثة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нокаут (генетика) – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нокаут (генетика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme_genoanul%C2%B7lat" title="Organisme genoanul·lat – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organisme genoanul·lat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genov%C3%BD_knockout" title="Genový knockout – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Genový knockout" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen-Knockout" title="Gen-Knockout – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gen-Knockout" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Γονιδιακή απενεργοποίηση – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γονιδιακή απενεργοποίηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_knockout" title="Gene knockout – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gene knockout" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloqueo_de_genes" title="Bloqueo de genes – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bloqueo de genes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8_%DA%98%D9%86" title="سرکوب ژن – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرکوب ژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-out_(g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique)" title="Knock-out (génétique) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Knock-out (génétique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_de_xenes" title="Knockout de xenes – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Knockout de xenes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99" title="נוקאאוט גנטי – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוקאאוט גנטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF" title="Գենի նոկաուտ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գենի նոկաուտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gensvipting" title="Gensvipting – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gensvipting" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E4%BC%9D%E5%AD%90%E3%83%8E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%83%88" title="遺伝子ノックアウト – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="遺伝子ノックアウト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B1%B0" title="유전자 제거 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유전자 제거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-out_(biologie)" title="Knock-out (biologie) – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Knock-out (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocaute_de_genes" title="Nocaute de genes – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nocaute de genes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нокаут гена – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нокаут гена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_knockout" title="Gene knockout – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gene knockout" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%A4%D9%B9" title="جین ناک آؤٹ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جین ناک آؤٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%89%94%E9%99%A4" title="基因剔除 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基因剔除" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1133550#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Genski_nokaut" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Genski_nokaut&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovor o sadržaju (stranica ne postoji) [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni varijantu jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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[v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><p><b>Genski nokaut</b> (<b>KO</b>) je <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetička</a> tehnika u kojoj se geni jednog <a href="/wiki/Organizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizam">organizma</a> učine neoperativnim ("nokaut" organizam). Ovakve jedinke također su poznate kao <b>nokautirani organizmi</b> ili jednostavno <b>nokauti</b>. Oni se koriste u proučavanju funcije gen koji je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekvenciranje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekvenciranje (stranica ne postoji)">sekvenciran</a>, koja je nepoznate ili nepotpuno poznata. Istraživači izvlače zaključke iz razlika između nokaut organizama i normalnih jedinki.<sup id="cite_ref-Kapur_Pojskić_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kapur_Pojskić-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bajrović_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bajrović-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Termin se odnosi na proces stvaranja takvog organizma, kao u "nokautiranju" gena. Tehnika je u suštini suprotna od <a href="/wiki/Nokautiranje_gena" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokautiranje gena">nokautiranja gena</a>. Nokaut dva gena istovremeno u organizmu je poznat kao <b>dvostruki nokaut</b> (<b>DKO</b>). Slično tome, izrazi <b>trostruki nokaut</b> (<b>TKO</b>) i <b>četverokrevetne nokauta</b> (<b>qKo</b>) se koriste za opisivanje tri ili četiri nokautirana gena. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metod">Metod</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Metod"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Metod"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Knockout_Mice5006-300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Knockout_Mice5006-300.jpg/350px-Knockout_Mice5006-300.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Knockout_Mice5006-300.jpg/525px-Knockout_Mice5006-300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Knockout_Mice5006-300.jpg/700px-Knockout_Mice5006-300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Laboratorijski miš kod kojeg je inaktiviran gen za rast dlake (lijevo), upoređen sa normalnim laboratorijskim mišem</figcaption></figure> <p>Nokaut se postiže kombinacijom tehnika, počevši u epruveti s <a href="/wiki/Plazmid" title="Plazmid">plazmidima</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakterijski_vje%C5%A1ta%C4%8Dki_kromosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakterijski vještački kromosom (stranica ne postoji)">bakterijskog vještačkog hromosoma</a> ili drugog <a href="/w/index.php?title=DNK_konstrukt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DNK konstrukt (stranica ne postoji)">DNK konstrukta</a> i postupaka u <a href="/wiki/Kultura_%C4%87elija" title="Kultura ćelija">kulturi ćelija</a>. Individualne <a href="/wiki/%C4%86elije_(biologija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ćelije (biologija)">ćelije</a> se genetički <a href="/wiki/Transfekcija" title="Transfekcija">transfektiraju</a> DNK konstruktom. Često je cilj je da se stvori <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetski_modificirani_organizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetski modificirani organizam (stranica ne postoji)">transgenih životinja</a> koja ima izmenjeni gen. Ako je tako, <a href="/wiki/Mati%C4%8Dne_%C4%87elije" class="mw-redirect" title="Matične ćelije">embrionske matične ćelije</a> se genetički transformiraju ubacivanjem gena u ranim fazama <a href="/wiki/Embrion" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrion">embrionskog</a> razvoja. Tako nastaju životinje s genetskičkim promjenama u njihovim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spolna_%C4%87elija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spolna ćelija (stranica ne postoji)">geminativnim ćelijama</a>, tako da se često nokautirani gen prenosi u buduće generacije. </p><p>Za kreiranje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nokaut_mahovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nokaut mahovina (stranica ne postoji)">nokaut mahovine</a>, preporučljivi način je <a href="/wiki/Transfekcija" title="Transfekcija">transfekcija</a> <a href="/wiki/Protoplast" title="Protoplast">protoplasta</a>. Tako transformiran protoplast <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physcomitrella_patens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physcomitrella patens (stranica ne postoji)">Physcomitrella patens</a></i> direktno <a href="/wiki/Regeneracija_(biologija)" title="Regeneracija (biologija)">regenerira</a> u plodne biljke mahovine. Osam sedmica nakon transfekcije, biljke mogu biti snimane za detekciju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciljani_gen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciljani gen (stranica ne postoji)">ciljanog gena</a> putem <a href="/wiki/PCR" class="mw-redirect" title="PCR">PCR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Physcomitrella_knockout_mutants.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Physcomitrella_knockout_mutants.JPG/220px-Physcomitrella_knockout_mutants.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Physcomitrella_knockout_mutants.JPG/330px-Physcomitrella_knockout_mutants.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Physcomitrella_knockout_mutants.JPG/440px-Physcomitrella_knockout_mutants.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1391" /></a><figcaption>Divlji tip <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physcomitrella_patens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physcomitrella patens (stranica ne postoji)">Physcomitrella patens</a></i> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nokaut_mahovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nokaut mahovina (stranica ne postoji)">nokaut mahovine</a>: Odstupajući <a href="/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip">fenotipovi</a> su izazvani u genskim poremećajem biblioteke transformanata. <br /><i>Physcomitrella</i> divljeg tipa i transformirane biljke su uzgajane na minimalnim Knopovom mediju, koji omogućava diferencijaciju i razvoj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gametofor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gametofor (stranica ne postoji)">gametofora</a>.<br /> Za svaku biljku, pregled (gornji red: bar skala odgovara 1 mm, donji red: 0,5 mm). <br />A: Haploidna biljka divljeg tipa potpuno prekriven lisnatim gametoforama i izbliza list divljeg tipa. <br />B-D: Razni mutanti<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Konstrukt je napravljen tako da je <a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dka_rekombinacija" title="Genetička rekombinacija">genetička rekombinacija</a> bila sa ciljnim genom, čiime se postiže uključivanje sekvence <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a> iz samog gena u konstrukt. Rekombinacija se onda javlja u regiji te sekvence unutar gena, što rezultira insercijom strane sekvence u poremećeni gen. Sa prekinutom sekvencom, izmenjeni gen u većini slučajeva će biti <a href="/wiki/Translacija_(genetika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Translacija (genetika)">preveden</a> u nefunkcionalni <a href="/wiki/Protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein">protein</a>, ako se uopće i prevede. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Knockoutmouse80-72.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Knockoutmouse80-72.jpg/350px-Knockoutmouse80-72.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Knockoutmouse80-72.jpg/525px-Knockoutmouse80-72.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Knockoutmouse80-72.jpg/700px-Knockoutmouse80-72.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nokout_mi%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nokout miš (stranica ne postoji)">Nokout miš</a> (lijevo) koji je modelni organizam za <a href="/wiki/Gojaznost" title="Gojaznost">gojaznost</a>, upoređen sa normalnim mišem</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvjetni_genski_nokaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvjetni genski nokaut (stranica ne postoji)">Uvjetni genski nokaut</a> omogućava <a href="/wiki/Delecija_(genetika)" title="Delecija (genetika)">deleciju</a> gena u tkivu ili na vremenski specifičan način. To se radi uvođenjem kratkih sekvenci zvanih loxP mjesta širom gena. Ove sekvence će uvesti u klicine linije putem istih mehanizama kao što je nokaut. Ova klicina linija se zatim može ukrstiti sa drugom klicinom linijom (gem-linijom) koja sadrži <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cre_rekombinaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cre rekombinaza (stranica ne postoji)">Cre-rekombinazu</a> koja je virusni enzim sa sposobnošću prepoznavanja ove sekvence, rekombinuje ih i deletira gen koji je okružen ovim mjestima. </p><p>Budući da je željeni tip <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a> <a href="/wiki/Homologna_rekombinacija" title="Homologna rekombinacija">rekombinacije</a> rijedak događaj u slučaju većine ćelija i većine konstrukata, odabrana strana sekvenca za umetanje obično uključuje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reporter_gen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reporter gen (stranica ne postoji)">reporter gen</a>. To omogućava jednostavan izbor ćelije ili jedinke u kojoj je nokaut bio uspješan. Ponekad DNK izgradi insercije (umetke) u <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosom</a>, bez željene homologne rekombinacije sa ciljanim genom. Da bi se takve ćelije uklonile, DNK konstrukt često sadrži drugu regiju DNK, koja omogućava da se takve ćelije identificiraju i odbace. </p><p>Kod <a href="/wiki/Ploidija" title="Ploidija">diploidnih</a> organizama, koji sadrže dva <a href="/wiki/Alel" title="Alel">alela</a> za najveći broj gena, može i da sadrži nekoliko povezanih gena da sarađuju u istoj ulozi, dodatnom krugu transformacije i selekcije koja se obavlja dok svaki ciljani gen ne bude nokautiran. Za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Homozigot" title="Homozigot">homozigotnih</a> nokaut životinja, može biti potrebno <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selektivno_ukr%C5%A1tanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selektivno ukrštanje (stranica ne postoji)">selektivno ukrštanje</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upotreba">Upotreba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Upotreba"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Upotreba"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nokauti se prvenstveno koriste da se shvati uloga specifičnog <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gena</a> ili regije <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>, poređenjem nokaut <a href="/wiki/Organizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizam">organizama</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Divlji_tip" title="Divlji tip">divljim tipom</a> sa sličnom <a href="/wiki/Nasljednost" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasljednost">genetičkom</a> pozadinom. Također se koriste kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skrining&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skrining (stranica ne postoji)">skrining</a> alati u razvoju <a href="/wiki/Lijek" title="Lijek">lijekova</a>, ciljanjem specifične <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biolo%C5%A1ki_procesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biološki procesi (stranica ne postoji)">bioloških procesa</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deficiencija_(medicina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deficiencija (medicina) (stranica ne postoji)">nedostataka</a> pomoću određenog nokauta, ili da se shvati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehanizam_djelovanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehanizam djelovanja (stranica ne postoji)">mehanizam djelovanja</a> lijekova pomoću genskih biblioteka u nokaut <a href="/wiki/Organizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizam">urganizmima</a>, u rasponu cijelog <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genoma</a>, kao u <i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokdaun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genski nokdaun (stranica ne postoji)">Genski nokdaun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvjetni_genski_nokaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvjetni genski nokaut (stranica ne postoji)">Uvjetni genski nokaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dka_rekombinacija" title="Genetička rekombinacija">Genetička rekombinacija</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kapur_Pojskić-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kapur_Pojskić_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFKapur_Pojskić_L.2014" class="citation book cs1">Kapur Pojskić L. (2014). <i>Uvod u genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju, 2. izdanje</i>. Institut za genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju (INGEB), Sarajevo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-9958-9344-8-3" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-9958-9344-8-3"><bdi>978-9958-9344-8-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uvod+u+geneti%C4%8Dko+in%C5%BEenjerstvo+i+biotehnologiju%2C+2.+izdanje&rft.pub=Institut+za+geneti%C4%8Dko+in%C5%BEenjerstvo+i+biotehnologiju+%28INGEB%29%2C+Sarajevo&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9958-9344-8-3&rft.au=Kapur+Pojski%C4%87+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGenski+nokaut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bajrović-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bajrović_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBajrović_K,_Jevrić-Čaušević_A.,_Hadžiselimović_R.,_Eds.2005" class="citation book cs1">Bajrović K, Jevrić-Čaušević A., Hadžiselimović R., Eds. (2005). <i>Uvod u genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju</i>. Institut za genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju (INGEB) Sarajevo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/9958-9344-1-8" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/9958-9344-1-8"><bdi>9958-9344-1-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uvod+u+geneti%C4%8Dko+in%C5%BEenjerstvo+i+biotehnologiju&rft.pub=Institut+za+geneti%C4%8Dko+in%C5%BEenjerstvo+i+biotehnologiju+%28INGEB%29+Sarajevo&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9958-9344-1-8&rft.au=Bajrovi%C4%87+K%2C+Jevri%C4%87-%C4%8Cau%C5%A1evi%C4%87+A.%2C+Had%C5%BEiselimovi%C4%87+R.%2C+Eds.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGenski+nokaut" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralf Reski (1998): Physcomitrella and Arabidopsis: the David and Goliath of reverse genetics. Trends Plant in Science 3, 209-210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Egener et al. BMC Plant Biology 2002 2:6 <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2229-2-6">10.1186/1471-2229-2-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929010716/http://www-sequence.stanford.edu/group/yeast_deletion_project/deletions3.html">"Arhivirana kopija"</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-sequence.stanford.edu/group/yeast_deletion_project/deletions3.html">originala</a>, 29. 9. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 26. 9. 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arhivirana+kopija&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-sequence.stanford.edu%2Fgroup%2Fyeast_deletion_project%2Fdeletions3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AGenski+nokaut" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: arhivirana kopija u naslovu (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_arhivirana_kopija_u_naslovu" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: arhivirana kopija u naslovu">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokaut&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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/></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gene_knockout?uselang=bs">Genski nokaut </a></span></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.figgrp.2286">Diagram of targeted gene replacement</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026040816/http://www.bioscience.org/knockout/knochome.htm">Frontiers in Bioscience Gene Knockout Database (available on archive only)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015201902/http://www.knockoutmouse.org/">International Knockout Mouse Consortium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.komp.org">KOMP Repository</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927011446/https://www.komp.org/">Arhivirano</a> 27. 9. 2016. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genetičko_inženjerstvo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312386">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Geneti%C4%8Dko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Genetičko inženjerstvo (stranica ne postoji)"><abbr title="Razgovor o šablonu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Geneti%C4%8Dko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredi šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genetičko_inženjerstvo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo" title="Genetičko inženjerstvo">Genetičko inženjerstvo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genetički<br />modificirani<br /> organizmi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_usjevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani usjevi (stranica ne postoji)">Usjevi</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_kukuruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani kukuruz (stranica ne postoji)">Kukuruz</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MON_810&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MON 810 (stranica ne postoji)">MON 810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MON_863&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MON 863 (stranica ne postoji)">MON 863</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kukuruz_StarLink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kukuruz StarLink (stranica ne postoji)">StarLink</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spisak_varijeteta_geneti%C4%8Dki_modificiranog_kukuruza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spisak varijeteta genetički modificiranog kukuruza (stranica ne postoji)">Spisak varijeteta genetički modificiranog kukuruza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_krompir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani krompir (stranica ne postoji)">Krompir</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amflora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amflora (stranica ne postoji)">Amflora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirana_ri%C5%BEa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirana riža (stranica ne postoji)">Riža</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zlatna_ri%C5%BEa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zlatna riža (stranica ne postoji)">Zlatna riža</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirtana_soja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirtana soja (stranica ne postoji)">Soja</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_ready_soja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roundup ready soja (stranica ne postoji)">Roundup ready soja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vistive_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vistive Gold (stranica ne postoji)">Vistive Gold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_paradajz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani paradajz (stranica ne postoji)">Paradajz</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavr_Savr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavr Savr (stranica ne postoji)">Flavr Savr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_pamuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani pamuk (stranica ne postoji)">Pamuk</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bt_pamuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bt pamuk (stranica ne postoji)">Bt pamuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ostalo</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkti%C4%8Dke_jabuke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arktičke jabuke (stranica ne postoji)">Jabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana" title="Arabidopsis thaliana">Arabidopsis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bt_brinjal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bt brinjal (stranica ne postoji)">Brinjal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirana_kanola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirana kanola (stranica ne postoji)">Kanola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaja" title="Papaja">Papaja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plava_ru%C5%BEa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plava ruža (stranica ne postoji)">Ruža</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SmartStax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SmartStax (stranica ne postoji)">SmartStax</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirana_%C5%A1e%C4%87erna_repa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirana šećerna repa (stranica ne postoji)">Šećerna repa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_duhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani duhan (stranica ne postoji)">Duhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirano_drvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirano drvo (stranica ne postoji)">Drveće</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificira_p%C5%A1enica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificira pšenica (stranica ne postoji)">Pšenica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_sisar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani sisar (stranica ne postoji)">Sisari</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_mi%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani miš (stranica ne postoji)">Miševi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nokaut_mi%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokaut miš">Nokaut miš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkomi%C5%A1" title="Onkomiš">Onkomiš</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Envirosvinja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Envirosvinja (stranica ne postoji)">Envirosvinja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermanov_bik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermanov bik (stranica ne postoji)">Hermanov bik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nokaut_pacov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nokaut pacov (stranica ne postoji)">Nokaut pacov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ostale životinje</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_insekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani insekt (stranica ne postoji)">Insekti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirana_riba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirana riba (stranica ne postoji)">Ribe</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GloFish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GloFish (stranica ne postoji)">GloFish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_losos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani losos (stranica ne postoji)">Losos</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirana_bakterija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirana bakterija (stranica ne postoji)">Bakterje</a><br />i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirani_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetički modificirani virus (stranica ne postoji)">Virusi</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledene_minus_bakterije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ledene minus bakterije (stranica ne postoji)">Ledene minus bakterije</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakcina_za_hepatitis_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakcina za hepatitis B (stranica ne postoji)">Vakcina za hepatitis B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onkolitski_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onkolitski virus (stranica ne postoji)">Onkolitski virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehnike_geneti%C4%8Dkog_in%C5%BEenjerstva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tehnike genetičkog inženjerstva (stranica ne postoji)">Procesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Transformacija_(genetika)" title="Transformacija (genetika)">Umetnuta DNK</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrobacterium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrobacterium (stranica ne postoji)">Agrobakterija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genski_pi%C5%A1tolj" title="Genski pištolj">Biolistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektroporacija" title="Elektroporacija">Elektroporacija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transdukcija_(genetika)" title="Transdukcija (genetika)">Genetička transdukcija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipofekcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipofekcija (stranica ne postoji)">Lipofekcija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikroinjekcija" title="Mikroinjekcija">Mikroinjekcija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfekcija" title="Transfekcija">Transfekcija</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Tipovi</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rekombinantna_DNK" title="Rekombinantna DNK">Rekombinantna DNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgeneza" title="Transgeneza">Transgeneza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisgeneza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisgeneza (stranica ne postoji)">Cisgeneza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upotreba</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">U poljoprivredi</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirana_hrana" title="Genetički modificirana hrana">Genetički modificirana hrana</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontroverze_geneti%C4%8Dki_modificirane_hrane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontroverze genetički modificirane hrane (stranica ne postoji)">Kontroverze</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dko_farmerstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetičko farmerstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Farmerstvo</a></li> <li>Kompanije <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BASF_Plant_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BASF Plant Science (stranica ne postoji)">BASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dow_AgroSciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dow AgroSciences (stranica ne postoji)">Dow AgroSciences</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuPont_Pioneer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DuPont Pioneer (stranica ne postoji)">DuPont Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monsanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monsanto (stranica ne postoji)">Monsanto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syngenta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syngenta (stranica ne postoji)">Syngenta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo_%C4%8Dovjeka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetičko inženjerstvo čovjeka (stranica ne postoji)">Ljudi</a> i<br /> dijagnostika</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genska_terapija" title="Genska terapija">Genska terapija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dko_pobolj%C5%A1anje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetičko poboljšanje (stranica ne postoji)">Genetičko poboljšanje</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">U istraživanju</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Genski nokaut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_nokdaun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genski nokdaun (stranica ne postoji)">Genski nokdaun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gensko_ciljanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gensko ciljanje (stranica ne postoji)">Gensko ciljanje</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Srodni<br />članci</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgen" title="Transgen">Transgen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detekcija_geneti%C4%8Dki_modificiranih_organizama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detekcija genetički modificiranih organizama (stranica ne postoji)">Detekcija genetički modificiranih organizama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dko_zaga%C4%91ivanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetičko zagađivanje (stranica ne postoji)">Genetičko zagađivanje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneti%C4%8Dko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo_u_fikciji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetičko inženjerstvo u fikciji (stranica ne postoji)">Genetičko inženjerstvo u fikciji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unapre%C4%91enje_%C4%8Dovjeka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unapređenje čovjeka (stranica ne postoji)">Unapređenje čovjeka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reverzna_transfekcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reverzna transfekcija (stranica ne postoji)">Reverzna transfekcija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transhumanizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transhumanizam (stranica ne postoji)">Transhumanizam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulacija_geneti%C4%8Dkog_in%C5%BEenjerstva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulacija genetičkog inženjerstva (stranica ne postoji)">Regulacija</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulacija_isdpu%C5%A1tanja_geneti%C4%8Dki_modificiranih_organizama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulacija isdpuštanja genetički modificiranih organizama (stranica ne postoji)">Regulacija ispuštanja GMO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulacija_geneti%C4%8Dki_modificiranih_organizama_u_Evropskoj_uniji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulacija genetički modificiranih organizama u Evropskoj uniji (stranica ne postoji)">Regulacija GMO u EU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulacija_of_geneti%C4%8Dki_modificiranih_organizama_u_%C5%A0vicarskoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulacija of genetički modificiranih organizama u Švicarskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Regulacija GMO u Švicarskoj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulacija_geneti%C4%8Dki_modificiranih_organirama_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulacija genetički modificiranih organirama u Bosni i Hercegovini (stranica ne postoji)">Regulacija GMO u BiH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartagena_protokol_o_biosigurnosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartagena protokol o biosigurnosti (stranica ne postoji)">Cartagena protokol o biosigurnosti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geografija</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini" title="Genetičko inženjerstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini">BiH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo_u_Evropi" title="Genetičko inženjerstvo u Evropi">Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo_u_Sjedinjenim_Ameri%C4%8Dkim_Dr%C5%BEavama" title="Genetičko inženjerstvo u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama">SAD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Srodna područja</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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