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</a> <ul id="toc-Protein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tissue_and_subcellular_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tissue_and_subcellular_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tissue and subcellular distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tissue_and_subcellular_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physiological_and_clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physiological_and_clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Physiological and clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Physiological_and_clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Physiological and clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Physiological_and_clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Role_in_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Role in health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Histamine_intolerance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histamine_intolerance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Histamine intolerance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histamine_intolerance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activity_measurements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activity_measurements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Activity measurements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activity_measurements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetic_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetic_variants"> <div 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span><i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylhistamine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nτ-methylhistamine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Histamine N-methyltransferase</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamina_N-metiltransferasa" title="Histamina N-metiltransferasa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Histamina N-metiltransferasa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_N-m%C3%A9thyltransf%C3%A9rase" title="Histamine N-méthyltransférase – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histamine N-méthyltransférase" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istamina_N-metiltransferasi" title="Istamina N-metiltransferasi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istamina N-metiltransferasi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3-N-%E3%83%A1%E3%83%81%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC" title="ヒスタミン-N-メチルトランスフェラーゼ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒスタミン-N-メチルトランスフェラーゼ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamin_N-metiltransferaza" title="Histamin N-metiltransferaza – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Histamin N-metiltransferaza" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamin_N-metiltransferaza" title="Histamin N-metiltransferaza – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Histamin N-metiltransferaza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_N-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гістамін N-метилтрансфераза – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гістамін N-метилтрансфераза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important; color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC no.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzyme-database.org/query.php?ec=2.1.1.8">2.1.1.8</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_registry_number" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS registry number">CAS no.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=9029-80-5&title=">9029-80-5 </a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important; color:inherit;">Databases</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/IntEnz" title="IntEnz">IntEnz</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=2.1.1.8">IntEnz view</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/BRENDA" title="BRENDA">BRENDA</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=2.1.1.8">BRENDA entry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/ExPASy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPASy">ExPASy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/2.1.1.8">NiceZyme view</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?enzyme+2.1.1.8">KEGG entry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/MetaCyc" title="MetaCyc">MetaCyc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biocyc.org/META/substring-search?type=NIL&object=2.1.1.8">metabolic pathway</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/PRIAM_enzyme-specific_profiles" title="PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles">PRIAM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://priam.prabi.fr/cgi-bin/PRIAM_profiles_CurrentRelease.pl?EC=2.1.1.8">profile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity.rcsb_ec_lineage.id:2.1.1.8">RCSB PDB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?ec_number:2.1.1.8">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/enzymes/GetPage.pl?ec_number=2.1.1.8">PDBsum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Ontology" title="Gene Ontology">Gene Ontology</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046539">AmiGO </a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046539">QuickGO</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important; color:inherit;">Search</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit; border:light-dark(#f8f9fa, #202122) 2px solid !important; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit; border:light-dark(#f8f9fa, #202122) 2px solid !important; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=2.1.1.8%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D%20AND%20pubmed%20pmc%20local%5Bsb%5D">articles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit; border:light-dark(#f8f9fa, #202122) 2px solid !important; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit; border:light-dark(#f8f9fa, #202122) 2px solid !important; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=2.1.1.8%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D">articles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #3b3018) !important; color:inherit; border:light-dark(#f8f9fa, #202122) 2px solid !important; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit; border:light-dark(#f8f9fa, #202122) 2px solid !important; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein?term=2.1.1.8%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D">proteins</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">histamine N-methyltransferase</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2aot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2aot.jpg/250px-2aot.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2aot.jpg/375px-2aot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2aot.jpg/500px-2aot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="797" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=Q91VF2%20or%20P50135">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:Q91VF2,P50135">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="text-align:center"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1JQD">1JQD</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1JQE">1JQE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2AOT">2AOT</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2AOU">2AOU</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2AOV">2AOV</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2AOW">2AOW</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2AOX">2AOX</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/5028">HNMT</a></span>, HMT, HNMT-S1, HNMT-S2, MRT51</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/605238">605238</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:2153181">2153181</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=5032">5032</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=HNMT">HNMT</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000150540">HNMT - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?enzyme+2.1.1.8">2.1.1.8</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_2_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 2 (human)">Chromosome 2 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 162.18291152186px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for histamine N-methyltransferase"><img alt="Genomic location for histamine N-methyltransferase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 168.2px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for histamine N-methyltransferase"><img alt="Genomic location for histamine N-methyltransferase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">2q22.1</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">137,964,020 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">138,016,364 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 2 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 33.227276452175px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for histamine N-methyltransferase"><img alt="Genomic location for histamine N-methyltransferase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 39.2px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for histamine N-methyltransferase"><img alt="Genomic location for histamine N-methyltransferase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">2|2 A3</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">23,892,922 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">23,939,406 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000150540">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">gallbladder</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">monocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">mucosa of sigmoid colon</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">rectum</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">kidney tubule</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">liver</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">Achilles tendon</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of hip</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left ovary</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">bronchial epithelial cell</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000026986">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">parotid gland</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">granulocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">ventral tegmental area</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">intercostal muscle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">white adipose tissue</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">habenula</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right kidney</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">dorsal tegmental nucleus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">Epithelium of choroid plexus</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000150540">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">n/a</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008168">methyltransferase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016740">transferase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008170">N-methyltransferase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046539">histamine N-methyltransferase activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005829">cytosol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043005">neuron projection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035902">response to immobilization stress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070555">response to interleukin-1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1903955">positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051384">response to glucocorticoid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006972">hyperosmotic response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007585">respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002347">response to tumor cell</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007420">brain development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014075">response to amine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006548">histidine catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042220">response to cocaine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001695">histamine catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032259">methylation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=3176&rn=1">3176</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=140483&rn=1">140483</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000150540;db=core">ENSG00000150540</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000026986;db=core">ENSMUSG00000026986</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P50135">P50135</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q91VF2">Q91VF2</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001024074">NM_001024074</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001024075">NM_001024075</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_006895">NM_006895</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_080462">NM_080462</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001019245">NP_001019245</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001019246">NP_001019246</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_008826">NP_008826</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_536710">NP_536710</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr2:137964020-138016364">Chr 2: 137.96 – 138.02 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr2:23892922-23939406">Chr 2: 23.89 – 23.94 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18027062" class="extiw" title="d:Q18027062">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18295431" class="extiw" title="d:Q18295431">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase</b> (<b>HNMT</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> encoded by the <i>HNMT</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> in humans. It belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Methyltransferase" title="Methyltransferase">methyltransferases</a> <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_superfamily" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzyme superfamily">superfamily</a> of <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> and plays a role in the inactivation of histamine, a <a href="/wiki/Biomolecule" title="Biomolecule">biomolecule</a> that is involved in various <a href="/wiki/Physiological" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological">physiological processes</a>. Methyltransferases are present in every life form including <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archaeans</a>, with 230 families of methyltransferases found across <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>. </p><p>Specifically, HNMT transfers a methyl (-CH<sub>3</sub>) group from <a href="/wiki/S-Adenosyl_methionine" title="S-Adenosyl methionine"><i>S</i>-adenosyl-<small>L</small>-methionine</a> (SAM-e) to <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a>, forming an inactive <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolite</a> called <a href="/wiki/1-Methylhistamine" title="1-Methylhistamine"><i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylhistamine</a>, in a chemical reaction called <a href="/wiki/Methylation" title="Methylation"><i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylation</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, HNMT operates alongside <a href="/wiki/Diamine_oxidase" title="Diamine oxidase">diamine oxidase</a> (DAO) as the only two enzymes responsible for histamine metabolism; however, what sets HNMT apart is its unique presence within the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> (CNS), where it governs histaminergic <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmission" title="Neurotransmission">neurotransmission</a>, that is a process where histamine acts as a messenger molecule between the <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a>—nerve cells—in the brain. By degrading and regulating levels of histamine specifically within the CNS, HNMT ensures the proper functioning of neural pathways related to <a href="/wiki/Arousal" title="Arousal">arousal</a>, appetite regulation, <a href="/wiki/Sleep-wake_cycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleep-wake cycles">sleep-wake cycles</a>, and other essential brain functions. </p><p>Research on <a href="/wiki/Knockout_mouse" title="Knockout mouse">knockout mice</a>—that are genetically modified mice lacking the <i>Hnmt</i> gene—has revealed that the absence of this enzyme leads to increased brain histamine concentrations and behavioral changes such as heightened aggression and disrupted sleep patterns. These findings highlight the critical role played by HNMT in maintaining normal brain function through precise regulation of neuronal signaling involving histamine. Genetic variants affecting HNMT activity have also been implicated in various neurological disorders like <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">attention deficit disorder</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gene">Gene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_genetics" title="Introduction to genetics">Introduction to genetics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">Gene expression</a></div> <p>Histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase is <a href="/wiki/Genetic_code" title="Genetic code">encoded</a> by a single <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>, called <i>HNMT</i>, which has been mapped to <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_2" title="Chromosome 2">chromosome 2</a> in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez-HNMT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-HNMT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three transcript variants have been identified for this gene in humans, which produce different protein <a href="/wiki/Protein_isoform" title="Protein isoform">isoforms</a><sup id="cite_ref-uniprotkb-isoforms_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniprotkb-isoforms-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-entrez-HNMT_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-HNMT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to <a href="/wiki/Alternative_splicing" title="Alternative splicing">alternative splicing</a>, which allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins by including or excluding particular <a href="/wiki/Exon" title="Exon">exons</a> of a gene in the final <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">mRNA</a> produced from that gene.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid36229538_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid36229538-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid36526860_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid36526860-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of those <a href="/wiki/Isozyme" title="Isozyme">isoforms</a>, only one has histamine-methylating activity.<sup id="cite_ref-uniprotkb-isoforms_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniprotkb-isoforms-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the human genome, six exons from the 50-<a href="/wiki/Kilo_base_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilo base pair">kb</a> <i>HNMT</i> contribute to forming a unique <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">mRNA</a> species, approximately 1.6 <a href="/wiki/Kilo_base_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilo base pair">kb</a> in size. This mRNA is then translated into the cytosolic enzyme histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase, comprising 292 <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a>, of which 130 amino acids are a <a href="/wiki/Conserved_sequence" title="Conserved sequence">conserved sequence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14667820_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14667820-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IPR016673-HNMT-Like_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPR016673-HNMT-Like-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>HNMT</i> does not have <a href="/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)" title="Promoter (genetics)">promoter cis-elements</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/TATA_box" title="TATA box">TATA</a> and <a href="/wiki/CAAT_box" title="CAAT box">CAAT</a> boxes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12167489_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12167489-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid21814788_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21814788-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protein">Protein</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Protein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Protein_folding" title="Protein folding">Protein folding</a></div> <p>HNMT is a cytoplasmic <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26206890_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26206890-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that it operates within the <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">cytoplasm</a> of a cell.<sup id="cite_ref-Rehfeld-2017_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rehfeld-2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cytoplasm fills the space between the outer <a href="/wiki/Cell_membrane" title="Cell membrane">cell membrane</a> (also known as the cellular plasma membrane) and the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_envelope" title="Nuclear envelope">nuclear membrane</a> (which surrounds the cell's nucleus).<sup id="cite_ref-Rehfeld-2017_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rehfeld-2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HNMT helps regulate histamine levels by degrading histamine within the cytoplasm, ensuring proper cellular function.<sup id="cite_ref-Verburg-1986_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verburg-1986-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proteins consist of amino acid residues and form a three-dimensional structure. The <a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">crystallographic structure</a> to depict the three-dimensional structure of human HNMT protein was first described in 2001 as a <a href="/wiki/Monomer" title="Monomer">monomeric</a> protein that has a mass of 33 <a href="/wiki/Kilodalton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilodalton">kilodaltons</a> and consists of two <a href="/wiki/Structural_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural domain">structural domains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11566133_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11566133-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first domain, called the "MTase domain", contains the active site where <a href="/wiki/Methylation" title="Methylation">methylation</a> occurs. It has a classic fold found in many other <a href="/wiki/Methyltransferase" title="Methyltransferase">methyltransferases</a> and consists of a seven-stranded beta-sheet surrounded by three <a href="/wiki/Helix" title="Helix">helices</a> on each side. This domain binds to its <a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">cofactor</a>, <a href="/wiki/S-Adenosyl_methionine" title="S-Adenosyl methionine"><i>S</i>-adenosyl-<small>L</small>-methionine</a> (SAM-e), which provides the <a href="/wiki/Methyl_group" title="Methyl group">methyl group</a> for <i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylation reactions.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11566133_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11566133-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second domain, called the "substrate binding domain", interacts with histamine, contributing to its binding to the enzyme molecule. This domain is connected to the MTase domain and forms a separate region. It includes an <a href="/wiki/Anti-parallel_beta_sheet" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-parallel beta sheet">anti-parallel beta sheet</a> along with additional <a href="/wiki/Alpha_helix" title="Alpha helix">alpha helices</a> and 310 <a href="/wiki/Helix" title="Helix">helices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11566133_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11566133-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase belongs to methyltransferases, a <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_superfamily" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzyme superfamily">superfamily</a> of <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> present in every life form,<sup id="cite_ref-IPR016673-HNMT-Like_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPR016673-HNMT-Like-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Archaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeans">archaeans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid36891755_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid36891755-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These enzymes catalyze methylation, which is a chemical process that involves the addition of a methyl group to a molecule, which can affect its biological function.<sup id="cite_ref-IPR016673-HNMT-Like_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPR016673-HNMT-Like-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To facilitate methylation, methyltransferases transfer a methyl group (-CH<sub>3</sub>) from a <a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">cosubstrate</a> (donor) to a substrate molecule (acceptor), leading to the formation of a methylated molecule.<sup id="cite_ref-IPR016673-HNMT-Like_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPR016673-HNMT-Like-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most methyltransferases use <a href="/wiki/S-Adenosyl_methionine" title="S-Adenosyl methionine"><i>S</i>-adenosyl-<small>L</small>-methionine</a> (SAM-e) as a donor, converting it into <a href="/wiki/S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine" title="S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine"><i>S</i>-adenosyl-<small>L</small>-homocysteine</a> (SAH).<sup id="cite_ref-IPR016673-HNMT-Like_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPR016673-HNMT-Like-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In various species, members of the methyltransferase superfamily of enzymes methylate a wide range of molecules, including <a href="/wiki/Small_molecule" title="Small molecule">small molecules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid" title="Nucleic acid">nucleic acids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipids</a>. These enzymes are involved in numerous <a href="/wiki/Cellular_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular processes">cellular processes</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling</a>, protein repair, <a href="/wiki/Chromatin" title="Chromatin">chromatin</a> regulation, and <a href="/wiki/Gene_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene regulation">gene regulation</a>. More than 230 families of methyltransferases have been described in various <a href="/wiki/Species_(biological)" class="mw-redirect" title="Species (biological)">species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IPR016673-HNMT-Like_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPR016673-HNMT-Like-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12826405_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12826405-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This specific protein, histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase, is found in <a href="/wiki/Vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrates">vertebrates</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a>, birds, reptiles, <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>, and fishes, but not in <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a> and plants.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14667820_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14667820-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-genecards-HNMT-Gene_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genecards-HNMT-Gene-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goulty-2023_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goulty-2023-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Complementary_DNA" title="Complementary DNA">complementary DNA</a> (cDNA) of <i>Hnmt</i> was initially cloned from a rat kidney and has since been cloned from human, mouse, and guinea pig sources.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14667820_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14667820-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human HNMT shares 55.37% similarity with that of <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish" title="Zebrafish">zebrafish</a>, 86.76% with that of mouse, 90.53% with that of dog, and 99.54% with that of <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-genecards-HNMT-Gene_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genecards-HNMT-Gene-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gene445242_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gene445242-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, <a href="/wiki/Expressed_sequence_tag" title="Expressed sequence tag">expressed sequence tags</a> from cow, pig, and gorilla, as well as <a href="/wiki/Genome_survey_sequence" title="Genome survey sequence">genome survey sequences</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tetraodontidae" title="Tetraodontidae">pufferfish</a>, also exhibit strong similarity to human HNMT, suggesting that it is a highly conserved protein among vertebrates.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11566133_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11566133-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To understand the role of histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase in brain function, researchers have studied <i>Hnmt</i>-deficient (<a href="/wiki/Knockout_mouse" title="Knockout mouse">knockout</a>) mice, that were genetically modified to have the <i>Hnmt</i> gene "knocked out", i.e., deactivated.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29162912_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29162912-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16648665_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16648665-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientists discovered that disrupting the gene led to a significant rise in histamine levels in the mouse brain that highlighted the role of the gene in the brain's histamine system and suggested that <i>HNMT</i> genetic variations in humans could be linked to brain disorders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tissue_and_subcellular_distribution">Tissue and subcellular distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tissue and subcellular distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On subcellular distribution, histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase protein in humans is mainly localized to the <a href="/wiki/Nucleoplasm" title="Nucleoplasm">nucleoplasm</a> (which is an <a href="/wiki/Organelle" title="Organelle">organelle</a>, i.e., a subunit of a cell) and <a href="/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol">cytosol</a> (which is the intracellular fluid, i.e., a fluid inside <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a>). In addition, it is localized to the <a href="/wiki/Centrosome" title="Centrosome">centrosome</a> (another organelle).<sup id="cite_ref-Subcellular-2023_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subcellular-2023-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In humans, the protein is present in many tissues and is most abundantly expressed in the brain, <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid gland">thyroid gland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronchus" title="Bronchus">bronchus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallbladder" title="Gallbladder">gallbladder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a>, and skin.<sup id="cite_ref-Protein_Atlas_-_Tissue_expression_of_HNMT_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protein_Atlas_-_Tissue_expression_of_HNMT-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HNMT-methylation-of-histamine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Histamine inactivation by HNMT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/HNMT-methylation-of-histamine.svg/220px-HNMT-methylation-of-histamine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/HNMT-methylation-of-histamine.svg/330px-HNMT-methylation-of-histamine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/HNMT-methylation-of-histamine.svg/440px-HNMT-methylation-of-histamine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption>Biological inactivation of histamine via <i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylation by the histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase (HNMT) enzyme using <i>S</i>-adenosyl-<small>L</small>-methionine (SAM-e) as a cosubstrate and a donor of methyl (CH<sub>3</sub>) functional group (the biochemical transformation is depicted as in KEGG reaction R02155).<sup id="cite_ref-kegg-R02155_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kegg-R02155-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The methyl group from the cosubstrate (denoted by red oval) is transferred to histamine to <i>N<sup>τ</sup></i> position that forms <i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylhistamine (NMT), which has the methyl group attached (denoted by green oval). The conversion of histamine to NMT is shown by the straight arrow. The SAM-e is thereby transformed to <i>S</i>-adenosyl-<small>L</small>-histidine (SAH), a molecule without the methyl group. The conversion of SAM-e to SAH is shown by the curved arrow.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid33310825_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33310825-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>The function of the HNMT enzyme is <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a> metabolism by ways of <i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylation using <i>S</i>-adenosyl-<small>L</small>-methionine (SAM-e) as the methyl donor, producing <a href="/wiki/1-Methylhistamine" title="1-Methylhistamine"><i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylhistamine</a>, which, unless excreted, can be further processed by <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_B" title="Monoamine oxidase B">monoamine oxidase B</a> (MAOB) or by <a href="/wiki/Diamine_oxidase" title="Diamine oxidase">diamine oxidase</a> (DAO). Methylated histamine <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolites</a> are excreted with urine.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11566133_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11566133-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a>, there are two main ways to inactivate histamine by metabolism: one is through a process called <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_deamination" title="Oxidative deamination">oxidative deamination</a>, which involves the enzyme <a href="/wiki/Diamine_oxidase" title="Diamine oxidase">diamine oxidase</a> (DAO) produced by the <i><a href="/wiki/AOC1" class="mw-redirect" title="AOC1">AOC1</a></i> gene, and the other is through a process called <a href="/wiki/Methylation" title="Methylation"><i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylation</a>, which involves the enzyme <i>N</i>-methyltransferase.<sup id="cite_ref-Kucher-2018_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kucher-2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the context of biochemistry, inactivation by metabolism refers to the process where a substance, such as a hormone, is converted into a form that is no longer active or effective (<i>inactivation</i>), via a process where the substance is chemically altered (<i>metabolism</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Midtvedt-1987_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Midtvedt-1987-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drug-Metabolism-Pathways-Biotr-2005_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drug-Metabolism-Pathways-Biotr-2005-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caira-2006_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caira-2006-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drug-Metabolism-ClinPh_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drug-Metabolism-ClinPh-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HNMT and DAO are two enzymes that play distinct roles in histamine metabolism. DAO is primarily responsible for metabolizing histamine in <a href="/wiki/Extracellular_fluid" title="Extracellular fluid">extracellular</a> (outside cells) fluids,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22686593_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22686593-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid36931880_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid36931880-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18499706_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18499706-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which include interstitial fluid<sup id="cite_ref-pmid4400180_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid4400180-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid414862_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid414862-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (fluid surrounding cells) and blood plasma.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30418682_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30418682-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such histamine can be <a href="/wiki/Exogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Exogenous">exogenous</a> (from food or intestinal flora) or <a href="/wiki/Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">endogenous</a> (released from granules of <a href="/wiki/Mast_cell" title="Mast cell">mast cells</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basophil" title="Basophil">basophils</a>, such as during allergic reactions).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid36931880_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid36931880-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DAO is predominantly expressed in the cells of the <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium" title="Intestinal epithelium">intestinal epithelium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a> but not in the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> (CNS).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18499706_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18499706-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17490952_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17490952-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, HNMT is expressed in CNS and involved in the metabolism of intracellular (inside cells) histamine, which is primarily endogenous and persistently present. HNMT operates in the <a href="/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol">cytosol</a>, which is the fluid inside cells. Histamine is required to be carried into the cytosol through transporters<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27679412_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27679412-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Plasma_membrane_monoamine_transporter" title="Plasma membrane monoamine transporter">plasma membrane monoamine transporter</a> (SLC29A4) or <a href="/wiki/SLC22A3" title="SLC22A3">organic cation transporter 3</a> (SLC22A3). HNMT enzyme is found in cells of diverse tissues: <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glia" title="Glia">glia</a>, brain, <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidneys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronchus" title="Bronchus">bronchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">ovary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prostate" title="Prostate">prostate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spleen" title="Spleen">spleen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trachea" title="Trachea">trachea</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid33310825_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33310825-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28332048_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28332048-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17490952_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17490952-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While DAO is primarily found in the <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium" title="Intestinal epithelium">intestinal epithelium</a>, HNMT is present in a wider range of tissues throughout the body. This difference in location also requires different transport mechanisms for histamine to reach each enzyme, reflecting the distinct roles of these enzymes in histamine metabolism. Another distinction between HNMT and DAO lies in their substrate specificity. While HNMT has a strong preference for histamine, DAO can metabolize other <a href="/wiki/Biogenic_amine" title="Biogenic amine">biogenic amines</a>—substances, produced by a life form (like a bacteria or an animal) that has an <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amine</a> functional group (−NH<sub>2</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-Verburg-1986_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verburg-1986-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28791419_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28791419-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The examples of biogenic amines besides histamine that DAO can metabolize are <a href="/wiki/Putrescine" title="Putrescine">putrescine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cadaverine" title="Cadaverine">cadaverine</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-pmid36208352_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid36208352-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still, DAO has a preference for histamine.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29181545_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29181545-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both DAO and HNMT exhibit comparable <a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)#Receptor/ligand_binding_affinity" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">affinities</a> toward histamine.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17490952_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17490952-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwelberger-2013_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwelberger-2013-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the brain of mammals, histamine takes part in <a href="/wiki/Histaminergic" title="Histaminergic">histaminergic</a> neurotransmission, that is a process where histamine acts as a messenger molecule between the <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a>—the nerve cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid37123051_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid37123051-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Histamine <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitter</a> activity is controlled by HNMT, since DAO is not present in the CNS.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez-HNMT_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-HNMT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the deactivation of histamine via HNMT represents the sole mechanism for ending <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmission" title="Neurotransmission">neurotransmission</a> within the mammalian CNS.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid33310825_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33310825-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This highlights the key role of HNMT for the histamine system of the brain and the brain function in general.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid33310825_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33310825-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physiological_and_clinical_significance">Physiological and clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Physiological and clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_health">Role in health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Role in health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></div> <p>Histamine has important roles in human physiology as both a <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitter</a>. As a hormone, it is involved in the inflammatory response and itching. It regulates physiological functions in the gut and acts on the brain, spinal cord, and <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21277530_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21277530-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34448132_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34448132-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a neurotransmitter, histamine promotes <a href="/wiki/Arousal" title="Arousal">arousal</a> and regulates appetite and the sleep-wake cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid34432259_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34432259-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18626069_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18626069-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid37123051_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid37123051-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also affects <a href="/wiki/Vasodilation" title="Vasodilation">vasodilation</a>, fluid production in tissues like the nose and eyes, <a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">gastric acid</a> secretion, sexual function, and immune responses.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21277530_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21277530-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34448132_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34448132-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HNMT is the only enzyme in the human body responsible for metabolizing histamine within the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">CNS</a>, playing a role in brain function.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29162912_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29162912-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid27679412_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27679412-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HNMT plays a role in maintaining the proper balance of histamine in the human body. HNMT is responsible for the breakdown and metabolism of histamine, converting it into an inactive metabolite, <i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylhistamine,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21277530_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21277530-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34448132_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34448132-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which inhibits <i>HNMT</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">gene expression</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Negative_feedback" title="Negative feedback">negative feedback</a> loop.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25164630_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25164630-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By metabolizing histamine, HNMT helps prevent excessive levels of histamine from accumulating in various tissues and organs. This enzymatic activity ensures that histamine remains at appropriate levels to carry out its physiological functions without causing unwanted effects or triggering allergic reactions. In the central nervous system, HNMT plays an essential role in degrading histamine, where it acts as a neurotransmitter, since HNMT is the only enzyme in the body that can metabolize histamine in the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">CNS</a>, ending its neurotransmitter activity.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21277530_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21277530-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34448132_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34448132-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HNMT also plays a role in the airway response to harmful particles,<sup id="cite_ref-uniprotkb-main_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniprotkb-main-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is the body's physiological reaction to immune allergens, bacteria, or viruses in the respiratory system. Histamine is stored in granules in <a href="/wiki/Mast_cell" title="Mast cell">mast cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basophil" title="Basophil">basophils</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Synaptic_vesicle" title="Synaptic vesicle">synaptic vesicles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Histaminergic" title="Histaminergic">histaminergic</a> neurons of the airways. When exposed to immune allergens or harmful particles, histamine is released from these storage granules and quickly diffuses into the surrounding tissues. However, the released histamine needs to be rapidly deactivated for proper regulation, which is a function of HNMT.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1846044_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1846044-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid31101811_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31101811-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Histamine_intolerance">Histamine intolerance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Histamine intolerance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Histamine_intolerance" title="Histamine intolerance">Histamine intolerance</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Histamine_intolerance" title="Histamine intolerance">Histamine intolerance</a> is a presumed set of adverse reactions to ingested <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a> in food believed to be associated with flawed activity of DAO and HNMT enzymes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid34651098_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34651098-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This set of reactions include cutaneous reactions (such as <a href="/wiki/Itch" title="Itch">itching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flushing_(physiology)" title="Flushing (physiology)">flushing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">edema</a>), gastrointestinal symptoms (such as <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_pain" title="Abdominal pain">abdominal pain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>), respiratory symptoms (such as <a href="/wiki/Runny_nose" class="mw-redirect" title="Runny nose">runny nose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasal_congestion" title="Nasal congestion">nasal congestion</a>), and neurological symptoms (such as <a href="/wiki/Dizziness" title="Dizziness">dizziness</a> and headache).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid34651098_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34651098-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid27679412_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27679412-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this link between DAO and HNMT enzymes and adverse reactions to ingested <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a> in food is not shared by mainstream science due to insufficient evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid34651098_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34651098-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact underlying mechanisms by which deficiency in these enzymes can cause these adverse reactions are not fully understood but are hypothesized to involve genetic factors.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid34651098_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34651098-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite extensive research, there are no definitive, objective measures or indicators that could unambiguously define histamine intolerance as a distinct medical condition.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid34651098_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34651098-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activity_measurements">Activity measurements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Activity measurements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The activity of HNMT, unlike that of DAO, cannot be measured by blood (serum) analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26206890_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26206890-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid1907425_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1907425-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Organs that produce DAO continuously release it into the bloodstream. DAO is stored in <a href="/wiki/Vesicular_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesicular structure">vesicular structures</a> associated with the plasma membrane in epithelial cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17490952_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17490952-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, serum DAO activity can be measured, but not HNMT. This is because HNMT is primarily found within the cells of internal organs like the brain or liver and is not released to the bloodstream. Measuring intracellular HNMT directly is challenging. Therefore, diagnosis of HNMT activity is typically done indirectly by testing for known genetic variants.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17490952_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17490952-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetic_variants">Genetic variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Genetic variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a genetic variant, registered in <a href="/wiki/DbSNP" title="DbSNP">the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database</a> (dbSNP) as rs11558538, found in 10% of the population worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-rs11558538_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs11558538-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which means that the T <a href="/wiki/Allele" title="Allele">allele</a> presents at position 314 of <i>HNMT</i> instead of a usual C allele (c.314C>T). This variant causes the protein to be synthesized with <a href="/wiki/Threonine" title="Threonine">threonine</a> (Thr) replaced with <a href="/wiki/Isoleucine" title="Isoleucine">isoleucine</a> (Ile) at position 105 (p.Thr105Ile, T105I). This variant is described as <a href="/wiki/Mutation#By_effect_on_function" title="Mutation">loss-of-function</a> allele reducing HNMT activity, and is associated with diseases such as asthma, <a href="/wiki/Allergic_rhinitis" title="Allergic rhinitis">allergic rhinitis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis" title="Atopic dermatitis">atopic eczema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis" title="Atopic dermatitis">atopic dermatitis</a>). For individuals with this variant, the intake of HNMT <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>, which hamper enzyme activity, and <a href="/wiki/Histamine_liberators" title="Histamine liberators">histamine liberators</a>, which release histamine from the granules of mast cells and basophils, could potentially influence their histamine levels.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19450133_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19450133-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, this genetic variant is associated with a reduced risk of <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid36378841_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid36378841-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid27399132_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27399132-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Experiments involving <i>Hnmt</i>-<a href="/wiki/Knockout_mouse" title="Knockout mouse">knockout mice</a> have shown that a deficiency in HNMT indeed leads to increased brain histamine concentrations, resulting in heightened aggressive behaviors and disrupted <a href="/wiki/Sleep-wake_cycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleep-wake cycles">sleep-wake cycles</a> in these mice. In humans, genetic variants that affect HNMT activity have been implicated in various brain disorders, such as <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Attention deficit disorder">attention deficit disorder</a>, but it remains unclear whether these alterations in HNMT are a primary cause or secondary effect of these conditions. Additionally, reduced histamine levels in <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a> have been consistently reported in patients with <a href="/wiki/Narcolepsy" title="Narcolepsy">narcolepsy</a> and other conditions characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness. The association between <i>HNMT</i> polymorphisms and gastrointestinal diseases is still uncertain. While mild polymorphisms can lead to diseases such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease, they may also reduce the risk of brain disorders like Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, severe mutations in <i>HNMT</i> can result in intellectual disability. Despite these findings, the role of HNMT in human health is not fully understood and continues to be an active area of research.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid33310825_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33310825-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inhibitors">Inhibitors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Inhibitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following substances are known to be HNMT <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amodiaquine" title="Amodiaquine">amodiaquine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chloroquine" title="Chloroquine">chloroquine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimaprit" title="Dimaprit">dimaprit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etoprine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etoprine (page does not exist)">etoprine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metoprine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metoprine (page does not exist)">metoprine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quinacrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinacrine">quinacrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/SKF-91488" title="SKF-91488">SKF-91488</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tacrine" title="Tacrine">tacrine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">diphenhydramine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16168438_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16168438-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pavadai-2012_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pavadai-2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HNMT inhibitors may increase histamine levels in peripheral tissues and aggravate conditions associated with histamine excess, such as <a href="/wiki/Allergic_rhinitis" title="Allergic rhinitis">allergic rhinitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hives" title="Hives">urticaria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease" title="Peptic ulcer disease">peptic ulcer disease</a>. As of 2024,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the effect of HNMT inhibitors on brain function is not yet fully understood. Research suggests that using new inhibitors of HNMT to increase the levels of histamine in the brain could potentially contribute to improvements in the treatment of brain disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16168438_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16168438-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pavadai-2012_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pavadai-2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methamphetamine_overdose">Methamphetamine overdose</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Methamphetamine overdose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine#Overdose" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine § Overdose</a></div> <p>HNMT could be a potential target for the treatment of symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a> overdose.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26966348_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26966348-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a central nervous system stimulant, which can be abused up to the lethal consequences: numerous deaths related to methamphetamine overdoses have been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Bluecrest-Recovery_Center-2019_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bluecrest-Recovery_Center-2019-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-National-Institute-_on-Drug-Abuse-2021_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National-Institute-_on-Drug-Abuse-2021-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reasoning behind this is that such overdose often leads to behavioral abnormalities, and it has been observed that elevated levels of histamine in the brain can attenuate these methamphetamine-induced behaviors. Therefore, by targeting HNMT, it might be possible to increase the levels of histamine in the brain, which could, in turn, help to mitigate the effects of a methamphetamine overdose. This effect could be achieved by using HNMT inhibitors. Studies predict that one such inhibitor can be <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metoprine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metoprine (page does not exist)">metoprine</a>, which crosses the blood-brain barrier and can potentially increase brain histamine levels by inhibiting HNMT; still, as of 2024,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> treatment of methamphetamine overdose by HNMT inhibitors is still an area of research.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26966348_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26966348-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nτ-methylhistamine"><span id="N.CF.84-methylhistamine"></span><i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylhistamine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nτ-methylhistamine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1-Methylhistamine" title="1-Methylhistamine">1-Methylhistamine</a></div> <p><i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylhistamine (N<sup>τ</sup>MH), also known as 1-methylhistamine, is a product of <i>N<sup>τ</sup></i>-methylation of histamine in a reaction catalyzed by the HNMT enzyme.<sup id="cite_ref-kegg-R02155_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kegg-R02155-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11566133_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11566133-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid34893161_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34893161-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>N<sup>τ</sup>MH is considered a biologically inactive metabolite of histamine.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid913915_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid913915-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11020472_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11020472-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15476285_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15476285-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> N<sup>τ</sup>MH is excreted in the urine and can be measured to estimate the amounts of active histamine in the body.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewiecki-2013_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewiecki-2013-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While N<sup>τ</sup>MH has some biological activity on its own, it is much weaker than histamine. N<sup>τ</sup>MH can bind to <a href="/wiki/Histamine_receptor" title="Histamine receptor">histamine receptors</a> but has a lower <a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)#Receptor/ligand_binding_affinity" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">affinity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)#Drug_or_hormone_binding_efficacy" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">efficacy</a> than histamine for these receptors, meaning that it binds less strongly and activates them less effectively. Depending on the receptor subtype and the tissue context, N<sup>τ</sup>MH may act as a partial agonist or an <a href="/wiki/Histamine_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Histamine receptor antagonist">antagonist</a> for some histamine receptors. N<sup>τ</sup>MH may have some modulatory effects on histamine signaling, but it is unlikely to cause significant allergic or inflammatory reactions by itself. N<sup>τ</sup>MH may also serve as a feedback mechanism to regulate histamine levels and prevent excessive histamine release.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohammed-2010_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohammed-2010-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, NMT, being a product in a reaction catalyzed by HNMT, may inhibit expression of HNMT in a negative feedback loop.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25164630_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25164630-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urinary N<sup>τ</sup>MH can be measured in clinical settings when <a href="/wiki/Systemic_mastocytosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic mastocytosis">systemic mastocytosis</a> is suspected. Systemic mastocytosis and <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a> are typically associated with at least a two-fold increase in urinary N<sup>τ</sup>MH levels, which are also increased in patients taking <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">monoamine oxidase inhibitors</a> and in patients on histamine-rich diets.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewiecki-2013_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewiecki-2013-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000150540">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150540</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000026986">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026986</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=3176">"Human PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Human+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D3176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistamine+N-methyltransferase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=140483">"Mouse PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mouse+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D140483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistamine+N-methyltransferase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-entrez-HNMT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-entrez-HNMT_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entrez-HNMT_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entrez-HNMT_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3176">"HNMT Histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">Reference Sequence collection</a></i>. National Center for Biotechnology Information<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2020</span>. <q>In mammals, histamine is metabolized by two major pathways: N(tau)-methylation via histamine N-methyltransferase and oxidative deamination via diamine oxidase. This gene encodes the first enzyme which is found in the cytosol and uses S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. In the mammalian brain, the neurotransmitter activity of histamine is controlled by N(tau)-methylation as diamine oxidase is not found in the central nervous system. A common genetic polymorphism affects the activity levels of this gene product in red blood cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been found for this gene.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reference+Sequence+collection&rft.atitle=HNMT+Histamine+N-methyltransferase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fgene%2F3176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistamine+N-methyltransferase" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uniprotkb-isoforms-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uniprotkb-isoforms_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uniprotkb-isoforms_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P50135/entry#sequences">"UniProt HNMT isoforms"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129013516/https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P50135/entry#sequences">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">61–</span>100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-481-9349-3_4">10.1007/978-90-481-9349-3_4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-9348-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-9348-6"><bdi>978-90-481-9348-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biological+and+Pharmacological+Aspects+of+Histamine+Receptors+and+Their+Ligands&rft.btitle=Biomedical+Aspects+of+Histamine&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E100&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-90-481-9349-3_4&rft.isbn=978-90-481-9348-6&rft.aulast=Mohammed&rft.aufirst=T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistamine+N-methyltransferase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>This article incorporates text from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a>, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histamine_N-methyltransferase&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Histamine+N-Methyltransferase">Histamine+N-Methyltransferase</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-kb/proteins/P50135">PDBe-KB</a> provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for human histamine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes_involved_in_neurotransmission167" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neurotransmitter_metabolism_enzymes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neurotransmitter metabolism enzymes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes_involved_in_neurotransmission167" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a> involved in <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmission</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_neurotransmitter" title="Monoamine neurotransmitter">monoamine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">histidine</a> → <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>anabolism:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histidine_decarboxylase" title="Histidine decarboxylase">Histidine decarboxylase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>catabolism:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Histamine N-methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamine_oxidase" title="Diamine oxidase">Diamine oxidase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">tyrosine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">epinephrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>anabolism:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_hydroxylase" title="Tyrosine hydroxylase">Tyrosine hydroxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid_decarboxylase" title="Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase">Aromatic <small>L</small>-amino acid decarboxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_beta-hydroxylase" title="Dopamine beta-hydroxylase">Dopamine beta-hydroxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylethanolamine_N-methyltransferase" title="Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase">Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>catabolism:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechol-O-methyl_transferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechol-O-methyl transferase">Catechol-O-methyl transferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase" title="Monoamine oxidase">Monoamine oxidase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_A" title="Monoamine oxidase A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_B" title="Monoamine oxidase B">B</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">glutamate</a>→<a href="/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Aminobutyric acid">GABA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>anabolism:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glutamate_decarboxylase" title="Glutamate decarboxylase">Glutamate decarboxylase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>catabolism:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-aminobutyrate_transaminase" title="4-aminobutyrate transaminase">4-aminobutyrate transaminase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">tryptophan</a>→<a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a>→<a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">melatonin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan_hydroxylase" title="Tryptophan hydroxylase">Tryptophan hydroxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid_decarboxylase" title="Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase">Aromatic <small>L</small>-amino acid decarboxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralkylamine_N-acetyltransferase" title="Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase">Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetylserotonin_O-methyltransferase" title="Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase">Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">arginine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">NO</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase" title="Nitric oxide synthase">Nitric oxide synthase</a> (<a href="/wiki/NOS1" title="NOS1">NOS1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase_2_(inducible)" title="Nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible)">NOS2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endothelial_NOS" title="Endothelial NOS">NOS3</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">choline</a>→<a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">Acetylcholine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>anabolism:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choline_acetyltransferase" title="Choline acetyltransferase">Choline acetyltransferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>catabolism:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholinesterase" title="Cholinesterase">Cholinesterase</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase" title="Acetylcholinesterase">Acetylcholinesterase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butyrylcholinesterase" title="Butyrylcholinesterase">Butyrylcholinesterase</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Histamine_receptor_modulators440" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Histamine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Histamine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Histamine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Histamine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Histamine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Histamine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Histamine_receptor_modulators440" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_receptor" title="Histamine receptor">Histamine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H1_receptor" title="Histamine H1 receptor">H<sub>1</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Pyridylethylamine" title="2-Pyridylethylamine">2-Pyridylethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betahistine" title="Betahistine">Betahistine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine_trifluoromethyl_toluidide" title="Histamine trifluoromethyl toluidide">HTMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine"><span style="font-size:85%;">L</span>-Histidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-AK49" title="UR-AK49">UR-AK49</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>First-generation:</i> <a href="/wiki/4-Methyldiphenhydramine" title="4-Methyldiphenhydramine">4-Methyldiphenhydramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimemazine" title="Alimemazine">Alimemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antazoline" title="Antazoline">Antazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azatadine" title="Azatadine">Azatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamipine" title="Bamipine">Bamipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzatropine" title="Benzatropine">Benzatropine (benztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bepotastine" title="Bepotastine">Bepotastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromazine" title="Bromazine">Bromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brompheniramine" title="Brompheniramine">Brompheniramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buclizine" title="Buclizine">Buclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captodiame" title="Captodiame">Captodiame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbinoxamine" title="Carbinoxamine">Carbinoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorcyclizine" title="Chlorcyclizine">Chlorcyclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloropyramine" title="Chloropyramine">Chloropyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorothen" title="Chlorothen">Chlorothen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphenamine" title="Chlorphenamine">Chlorphenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphenoxamine" title="Chlorphenoxamine">Chlorphenoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnarizine" title="Cinnarizine">Cinnarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemastine" title="Clemastine">Clemastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenzepam" title="Clobenzepam">Clobenzepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocinizine" title="Clocinizine">Clocinizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloperastine" title="Cloperastine">Cloperastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclizine" title="Cyclizine">Cyclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproheptadine" title="Cyproheptadine">Cyproheptadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacemazine" title="Dacemazine">Dacemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decloxizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decloxizine (page does not exist)">Decloxizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptropine" title="Deptropine">Deptropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexbrompheniramine" title="Dexbrompheniramine">Dexbrompheniramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexchlorpheniramine" title="Dexchlorpheniramine">Dexchlorpheniramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimenhydrinate" title="Dimenhydrinate">Dimenhydrinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimetindene" title="Dimetindene">Dimetindene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">Diphenhydramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenylpyraline" title="Diphenylpyraline">Diphenylpyraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxylamine" title="Doxylamine">Doxylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embramine" title="Embramine">Embramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etodroxizine" title="Etodroxizine">Etodroxizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etybenzatropine" title="Etybenzatropine">Etybenzatropine (ethylbenztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymemazine" title="Etymemazine">Etymemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenethazine" title="Fenethazine">Fenethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunarizine" title="Flunarizine">Flunarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histapyrrodine" title="Histapyrrodine">Histapyrrodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homochlorcyclizine" title="Homochlorcyclizine">Homochlorcyclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyethylpromethazine" title="Hydroxyethylpromethazine">Hydroxyethylpromethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyzine" title="Hydroxyzine">Hydroxyzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopromethazine" title="Isopromethazine">Isopromethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothipendyl" title="Isothipendyl">Isothipendyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclozine" class="mw-redirect" title="Meclozine">Meclozine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrylamine" title="Medrylamine">Medrylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepyramine" title="Mepyramine">Mepyramine (pyrilamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mequitazine" title="Mequitazine">Mequitazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methafurylene" title="Methafurylene">Methafurylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methapyrilene" title="Methapyrilene">Methapyrilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methdilazine" title="Methdilazine">Methdilazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxastine" title="Moxastine">Moxastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxatomide" title="Oxatomide">Oxatomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxomemazine" title="Oxomemazine">Oxomemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlapine" title="Perlapine">Perlapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenindamine" title="Phenindamine">Phenindamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheniramine" title="Pheniramine">Pheniramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenyltoloxamine" title="Phenyltoloxamine">Phenyltoloxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimethixene" title="Pimethixene">Pimethixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperoxan" title="Piperoxan">Piperoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipoxizine" title="Pipoxizine">Pipoxizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promethazine" title="Promethazine">Promethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiomazine" title="Propiomazine">Propiomazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrobutamine" title="Pyrrobutamine">Pyrrobutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talastine" title="Talastine">Talastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thenalidine" title="Thenalidine">Thenalidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thenyldiamine" title="Thenyldiamine">Thenyldiamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiazinamium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiazinamium">Thiazinamium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonzylamine" title="Thonzylamine">Thonzylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolpropamine" title="Tolpropamine">Tolpropamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripelennamine" title="Tripelennamine">Tripelennamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triprolidine" title="Triprolidine">Triprolidine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Second/third-generation:</i> <a href="/wiki/Acrivastine" title="Acrivastine">Acrivastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alinastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alinastine (page does not exist)">Alinastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astemizole" title="Astemizole">Astemizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azelastine" title="Azelastine">Azelastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamirastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bamirastine (page does not exist)">Bamirastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barmastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barmastine (page does not exist)">Barmastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bepiastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bepiastine (page does not exist)">Bepiastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bepotastine" title="Bepotastine">Bepotastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilastine" title="Bilastine">Bilastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabastinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabastinen (page does not exist)">Cabastinen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carebastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carebastine (page does not exist)">Carebastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetirizine" title="Cetirizine">Cetirizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemastine" title="Clemastine">Clemastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemizole" title="Clemizole">Clemizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenztropine" title="Clobenztropine">Clobenztropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desloratadine" title="Desloratadine">Desloratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorastine (page does not exist)">Dorastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebastine" title="Ebastine">Ebastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efletirizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efletirizine (page does not exist)">Efletirizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emedastine" title="Emedastine">Emedastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinastine" title="Epinastine">Epinastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fexofenadine" title="Fexofenadine">Fexofenadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flezelastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flezelastine (page does not exist)">Flezelastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketotifen" title="Ketotifen">Ketotifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrepirdine" title="Latrepirdine">Latrepirdine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levocabastine" title="Levocabastine">Levocabastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levocetirizine" title="Levocetirizine">Levocetirizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linetastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linetastine (page does not exist)">Linetastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loratadine" title="Loratadine">Loratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mapinastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mapinastine (page does not exist)">Mapinastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebhydrolin" title="Mebhydrolin">Mebhydrolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizolastine" title="Mizolastine">Mizolastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxastine" title="Moxastine">Moxastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noberastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noberastine (page does not exist)">Noberastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octastine (page does not exist)">Octastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olopatadine" title="Olopatadine">Olopatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perastine (page does not exist)">Perastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pibaxizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pibaxizine (page does not exist)">Pibaxizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piclopastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piclopastine (page does not exist)">Piclopastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quifenadine" title="Quifenadine">Quifenadine (phencarol)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocastine (page does not exist)">Rocastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupatadine" title="Rupatadine">Rupatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setastine" title="Setastine">Setastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequifenadine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sequifenadine (page does not exist)">Sequifenadine (bicarphen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talastine" title="Talastine">Talastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temelastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temelastine (page does not exist)">Temelastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terfenadine" title="Terfenadine">Terfenadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vapitadine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vapitadine (page does not exist)">Vapitadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zepastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zepastine (page does not exist)">Zepastine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic" title="Atypical antipsychotic">Atypical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Aripiprazole" title="Aripiprazole">aripiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asenapine" title="Asenapine">asenapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexpiprazole" title="Brexpiprazole">brexpiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brilaroxazine" title="Brilaroxazine">brilaroxazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">clozapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iloperidone" title="Iloperidone">iloperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paliperidone" title="Paliperidone">paliperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">risperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziprasidone" title="Ziprasidone">ziprasidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zotepine" title="Zotepine">zotepine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpiperazine" title="Phenylpiperazine">Phenylpiperazine</a> <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydroxynefazodone" title="Hydroxynefazodone">hydroxynefazodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">nefazodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trazodone" title="Trazodone">trazodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triazoledione" title="Triazoledione">triazoledione</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressant" title="Tetracyclic antidepressant">Tetracyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">amoxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">maprotiline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">mianserin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">mirtazapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxaprotiline" title="Oxaprotiline">oxaprotiline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butriptyline" title="Butriptyline">butriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">desipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dosulepin" title="Dosulepin">dosulepin (dothiepin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">doxepin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iprindole" title="Iprindole">iprindole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lofepramine" title="Lofepramine">lofepramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">nortriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protriptyline" title="Protriptyline">protriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trimipramine" title="Trimipramine">trimipramine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typical_antipsychotic" title="Typical antipsychotic">Typical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">chlorpromazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flupenthixol" class="mw-redirect" title="Flupenthixol">flupenthixol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluphenazine" title="Fluphenazine">fluphenazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perphenazine" title="Perphenazine">perphenazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prochlorperazine" title="Prochlorperazine">prochlorperazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thioridazine" title="Thioridazine">thioridazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiothixene" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiothixene">thiothixene</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unknown/unsorted:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azanator (page does not exist)">Azanator</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belarizine (page does not exist)">Belarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elbanizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elbanizine (page does not exist)">Elbanizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flotrenizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flotrenizine (page does not exist)">Flotrenizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK1004723&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK1004723 (page does not exist)">GSK1004723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napactadine" title="Napactadine">Napactadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagorizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagorizine (page does not exist)">Tagorizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trelnarizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trelnarizine (page does not exist)">Trelnarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trenizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trenizine (page does not exist)">Trenizine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H2_receptor" title="Histamine H2 receptor">H<sub>2</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amthamine" title="Amthamine">Amthamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betazole" title="Betazole">Betazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimaprit" title="Dimaprit">Dimaprit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine_trifluoromethyl_toluidide" title="Histamine trifluoromethyl toluidide">HTMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impromidine" title="Impromidine">Impromidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine"><span style="font-size:85%;">L</span>-Histidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-AK49" title="UR-AK49">UR-AK49</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisfentidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisfentidine (page does not exist)">Bisfentidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burimamide" title="Burimamide">Burimamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">Cimetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalcotidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalcotidine (page does not exist)">Dalcotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donetidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donetidine (page does not exist)">Donetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrotidine" title="Ebrotidine">Ebrotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etintidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etintidine (page does not exist)">Etintidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famotidine" title="Famotidine">Famotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isolamtidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isolamtidine (page does not exist)">Isolamtidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafutidine" title="Lafutidine">Lafutidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamtidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamtidine (page does not exist)">Lamtidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavoltidine" title="Lavoltidine">Lavoltidine (loxtidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupitidine" title="Lupitidine">Lupitidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metiamide" title="Metiamide">Metiamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mifentidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mifentidine (page does not exist)">Mifentidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niperotidine" title="Niperotidine">Niperotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizatidine" title="Nizatidine">Nizatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osutidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osutidine (page does not exist)">Osutidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxmetidine" title="Oxmetidine">Oxmetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pibutidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pibutidine (page does not exist)">Pibutidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quisultazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quisultazine (page does not exist)">Quisultazine (quisultidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramixotidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramixotidine (page does not exist)">Ramixotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranitidine" title="Ranitidine">Ranitidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxatidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Roxatidine">Roxatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufotidine" title="Sufotidine">Sufotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiotidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiotidine (page does not exist)">Tiotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvatidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuvatidine (page does not exist)">Tuvatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venritidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venritidine (page does not exist)">Venritidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xaltidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xaltidine (page does not exist)">Xaltidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolantidine" title="Zolantidine">Zolantidine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H3_receptor" title="Histamine H3 receptor">H<sub>3</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methylhistamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methylhistamine">α-Methylhistamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipralisant" title="Cipralisant">Cipralisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imetit" title="Imetit">Imetit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immepip" title="Immepip">Immepip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immethridine" title="Immethridine">Immethridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine"><span style="font-size:85%;">L</span>-Histidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methimepip" title="Methimepip">Methimepip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxyfan" title="Proxyfan">Proxyfan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-349821" title="A-349821">A-349821</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-423579" title="A-423579">A-423579</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT-239" title="ABT-239">ABT-239</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-652&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-652 (page does not exist)">ABT-652</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD5213&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD5213 (page does not exist)">AZD5213</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bavisant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bavisant (page does not exist)">Bavisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betahistine" title="Betahistine">Betahistine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burimamide" title="Burimamide">Burimamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciproxifan" title="Ciproxifan">Ciproxifan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenpropit" title="Clobenpropit">Clobenpropit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conessine" title="Conessine">Conessine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enerisant" title="Enerisant">Enerisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK-189254" title="GSK-189254">GSK-189254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impentamine" title="Impentamine">Impentamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodophenpropit" title="Iodophenpropit">Iodophenpropit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irdabisant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irdabisant (page does not exist)">Irdabisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-5207852" title="JNJ-5207852">JNJ-5207852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNC_38-1049" title="NNC 38-1049">NNC 38-1049</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-03654746" title="PF-03654746">PF-03654746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitolisant" title="Pitolisant">Pitolisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-79687" title="SCH-79687">SCH-79687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioperamide" title="Thioperamide">Thioperamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VUF-5681" title="VUF-5681">VUF-5681</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H4_receptor" title="Histamine H4 receptor">H<sub>4</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylhistamine" title="4-Methylhistamine">4-Methylhistamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methylhistamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methylhistamine">α-Methylhistamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine"><span style="font-size:85%;">L</span>-Histidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OUP-16" title="OUP-16">OUP-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VUF-8430" title="VUF-8430">VUF-8430</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-7777120" title="JNJ-7777120">JNJ-7777120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">Mianserin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seliforant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seliforant (page does not exist)">Seliforant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioperamide" title="Thioperamide">Thioperamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toreforant" title="Toreforant">Toreforant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VUF-6002" title="VUF-6002">VUF-6002</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_metabolism_modulators" title="Template:Monoamine metabolism modulators">Monoamine metabolism modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors" title="Template:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors">Monoamine reuptake inhibitors</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transferase:_one_carbon_transferases_(EC_2.1)530" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:One-carbon_transferases" title="Template:One-carbon transferases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:One-carbon_transferases" title="Template talk:One-carbon transferases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:One-carbon_transferases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:One-carbon transferases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transferase:_one_carbon_transferases_(EC_2.1)530" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferase</a>: one carbon transferases (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> 2.1)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)#EC_2.1.1:_Methyltransferases" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">2.1.1</a>: <a href="/wiki/Methyltransferase" title="Methyltransferase">Methyl-</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N-</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Histamine N-methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylethanolamine_N-methyltransferase" title="Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase">Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amine_N-methyltransferase" title="Amine N-methyltransferase">Amine N-methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine_N-methyltransferase" title="Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase">Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">O-</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetylserotonin_O-methyltransferase" title="Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase">5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase</a>/<a href="/wiki/Acetylserotonin_O-methyltransferase" title="Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase">Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechol-O-methyl_transferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechol-O-methyl transferase">Catechol-O-methyl transferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Homocysteine" title="Homocysteine">Homocysteine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betaine-homocysteine_S-methyltransferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase">Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homocysteine_methyltransferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Homocysteine methyltransferase">Homocysteine methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methionine_synthase" title="Methionine synthase">Methionine synthase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidyl_ethanolamine_methyltransferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase">Phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNMT3B" title="DNMT3B">DNMT3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histone_methyltransferase" title="Histone methyltransferase">Histone methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymidylate_synthase" title="Thymidylate synthase">Thymidylate synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_methyltransferase" title="DNA methyltransferase">DNA methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiopurine_methyltransferase" title="Thiopurine methyltransferase">Thiopurine methyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid_synthase" title="Cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase">Cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)#EC_2.1.2:_Hydroxymethyl-.2C_Formyl-_and_Related_Transferases" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">2.1.2</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hydroxymethyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxymethyl">Hydroxymethyl</a>-,<br /><a href="/wiki/Formyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Formyl">Formyl</a>- and Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydroxymethyltransferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxymethyltransferase">Hydroxymethyltransferase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serine_hydroxymethyltransferase" title="Serine hydroxymethyltransferase">Serine hydroxymethyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate_hydroxymethyltransferase" title="3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase">3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formyltransferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Formyltransferase">Formyltransferase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphoribosylglycinamide_formyltransferase" title="Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase">Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine_monophosphate_synthase" title="Inosine monophosphate synthase">Inosine monophosphate synthase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glutamate_formimidoyltransferase" title="Glutamate formimidoyltransferase">Glutamate formimidoyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminomethyltransferase" title="Aminomethyltransferase">Aminomethyltransferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)#EC_2.1.3:_Carboxy-_and_Carbamoyltransferases" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">2.1.3</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_acid" title="Carboxylic acid">Carboxy</a>-<br />and <a href="/wiki/Carbamoyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbamoyl">Carbamoyl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carboxy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methylmalonyl-CoA_carboxytransferase" title="Methylmalonyl-CoA carboxytransferase">methylmalonyl-CoA carboxytransferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carbamoyl</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspartate_carbamoyltransferase" title="Aspartate carbamoyltransferase">Aspartate carbamoyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithine_carbamoyltransferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithine carbamoyltransferase">Ornithine carbamoyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxamate_carbamoyltransferase" title="Oxamate carbamoyltransferase">Oxamate carbamoyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrescine_carbamoyltransferase" title="Putrescine carbamoyltransferase">Putrescine carbamoyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-hydroxymethylcephem_carbamoyltransferase" title="3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase">3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysine_carbamoyltransferase" title="Lysine carbamoyltransferase">Lysine carbamoyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-acetylornithine_carbamoyltransferase" title="N-acetylornithine carbamoyltransferase">N-acetylornithine carbamoyltransferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)#EC_2.1.4:_Amidinotransferases" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">2.1.4</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amidine" title="Amidine">Amidine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arginine:glycine_amidinotransferase" title="Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase">Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzymes" title="Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzymes" title="Template talk:Enzymes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">Active site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_site" title="Binding site">Binding site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_triad" title="Catalytic triad">Catalytic triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyanion_hole" title="Oxyanion hole">Oxyanion hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity" title="Enzyme promiscuity">Enzyme promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion-limited_enzyme" title="Diffusion-limited enzyme">Diffusion-limited enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 4)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC5 <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">Isomerases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 5)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC6 <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 6)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC7 <a href="/wiki/Translocase" title="Translocase">Translocases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_7)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 7)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 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