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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northwest_Crown_Fire_Experiment.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Northwest_Crown_Fire_Experiment.png/300px-Northwest_Crown_Fire_Experiment.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Northwest_Crown_Fire_Experiment.png/450px-Northwest_Crown_Fire_Experiment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Northwest_Crown_Fire_Experiment.png/600px-Northwest_Crown_Fire_Experiment.png 2x" data-file-width="2095" data-file-height="1402" /></a><figcaption>High intensity crown fire is the typical fire regime in boreal forest regions</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_ecosystem" title="Terrestrial ecosystem">Terrestrial ecosystems</a> found in the boreal (or <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a>) regions of North America and Eurasia cover 17% of the Earth's land surface, and contain more than 30% of all carbon present in the terrestrial biome.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of carbon storage, the boreal region consists of three ecosystems: <a href="/wiki/Boreal_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreal forest">boreal forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peatland" title="Peatland">peatland</a>, and <a 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Vast areas of the globe and are contributing greatly to atmospheric carbon release due to increased temperature and fire hazard. High northern latitudes will experience the most significant increase in warming on the planet as a result of increased atmospheric greenhouse gases thus placing in jeopardy the carbon sink in these areas. In addition to the release of carbon through the melting of permafrost, high intensity wildfires will become more common and thus contribute to the release of stored carbon. This means that the boreal forest and its fire regime is becoming an increasingly more significant factor in determining the global <a href="/wiki/Emissions_budget" class="mw-redirect" title="Emissions budget">carbon budget</a>. </p><p>Boreal forests are also important economic factors in Russia and Canada specifically, and the uncertainty of fire patterns in the future as a result of climate change is a major consideration in forest management plans. A decrease in allowed timber harvest could be a solution to long term uncertainty of fire cycles.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carbon_cycling_in_boreal_forests">Carbon cycling in boreal forests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_and_carbon_cycling_in_boreal_forests&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Carbon cycling in boreal forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#82C3D8; padding:0.2em; font-size:160%; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Carbon cycle</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg/160px-Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg/240px-Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg/320px-Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">By regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_biological_carbon_cycle" title="Terrestrial biological carbon cycle">Terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_carbon_cycle" title="Oceanic carbon cycle">Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_carbon_cycle" title="Atmospheric carbon cycle">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_carbon_cycle" title="Deep carbon cycle">Deep carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_carbon" title="Soil carbon">Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permafrost_carbon_cycle" title="Permafrost carbon cycle">Permafrost</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boreal forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geochemistry_of_carbon" title="Geochemistry of carbon">Geochemistry</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">Carbon dioxide</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth%27s_atmosphere" title="Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere">In the atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal" title="Carbon dioxide removal">Removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-based_measurements_of_carbon_dioxide" title="Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide">Satellite measurements</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Forms of carbon">Forms of carbon</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Total_carbon" title="Total carbon">Total carbon</a> (TC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_organic_carbon" title="Total organic carbon">Total organic carbon</a> (TOC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_inorganic_carbon" title="Total inorganic carbon">Total inorganic carbon</a> (TIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolved_organic_carbon" title="Dissolved organic carbon">Dissolved organic carbon</a> (DOC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolved_inorganic_carbon" title="Dissolved inorganic carbon">Dissolved inorganic carbon</a> (DIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particulate_organic_matter" title="Particulate organic matter">Particulate organic carbon</a> (POC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particulate_inorganic_carbon" title="Particulate inorganic carbon">Particulate inorganic carbon</a> (PIC)</li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_production" title="Primary production">Primary production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_primary_production" title="Marine primary production">marine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_carbon" title="Black carbon">Black carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_carbon" title="Blue carbon">Blue carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerogen" title="Kerogen">Kerogen</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_pathway" title="Metabolic pathway">Metabolic pathways</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemosynthesis" title="Chemosynthesis">Chemosynthesis</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_cycle" title="Calvin cycle">Calvin cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_Krebs_cycle" title="Reverse Krebs cycle">Reverse Krebs cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fixation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fixation">Carbon fixation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C3_carbon_fixation" title="C3 carbon fixation">C3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C4_carbon_fixation" title="C4 carbon fixation">C4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_respiration" title="Carbon respiration">Carbon respiration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration" title="Ecosystem respiration">Ecosystem respiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_ecosystem_production" title="Net ecosystem production">Net ecosystem production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorespiration" title="Photorespiration">Photorespiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_respiration" title="Soil respiration">Soil respiration</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon pump">Carbon pumps</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_pump" title="Biological pump">Biological pump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_curve" title="Martin curve">Martin curve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solubility_pump" title="Solubility pump">Solubility pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipid_pump" title="Lipid pump">Lipid pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_snow" title="Marine snow">Marine snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbial_loop" title="Microbial loop">Microbial loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_shunt" title="Viral shunt">Viral shunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly-falls" title="Jelly-falls">Jelly pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_feces" title="Whale feces">Whale pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf_pump" title="Continental shelf pump">Continental shelf pump</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">Carbon sequestration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_sink" title="Carbon sink">Carbon sink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycorrhizal_fungi_and_soil_carbon_storage" title="Mycorrhizal fungi and soil carbon storage">Soil carbon storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_sediment" title="Marine sediment">Marine sediment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_sediment" title="Pelagic sediment">pelagic sediment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">Methane</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_methane" title="Atmospheric methane">Atmospheric methane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanogenesis" title="Methanogenesis">Methanogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methane_emissions" title="Methane emissions">Methane emissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_methane_emissions" title="Arctic methane emissions">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_wetlands" title="Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands">Wetland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerobic_methane_production" title="Aerobic methane production">Aerobic production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clathrate_gun_hypothesis" title="Clathrate gun hypothesis">Clathrate gun hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_clathrate" title="Carbon dioxide clathrate">Carbon dioxide clathrate</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Biogeochemical_cycle" title="Biogeochemical cycle">Biogeochemical</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_biogeochemical_cycles" title="Marine biogeochemical cycles">Marine cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrient_cycle" title="Nutrient cycle">Nutrient cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonate%E2%80%93silicate_cycle" title="Carbonate–silicate cycle">Carbonate–silicate cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonate_compensation_depth" title="Carbonate compensation depth">Carbonate compensation depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Calcite_Belt" title="Great Calcite Belt">Great Calcite Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_ratio" title="Redfield ratio">Redfield ratio</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Other</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_(climate)" title="Proxy (climate)">Climate reconstruction proxies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio" title="Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio">Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_biosphere" title="Deep biosphere">Deep biosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Carbon_Observatory" title="Deep Carbon Observatory">Deep Carbon Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Carbon_Project" title="Global Carbon Project">Global Carbon Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Carbon capture and storage">Carbon capture and storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle_re-balancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon cycle re-balancing">Carbon cycle re-balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorialisation_of_carbon_governance" title="Territorialisation of carbon governance">Territorialisation of carbon governance</a></li> <li><a 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<p>Although temperate and tropical forests in total cover twice as much land as boreal forest, boreal forest contains 20% more carbon than the other two combined.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boreal forests are susceptible to global warming because the <a href="/wiki/Ice%E2%80%93albedo_feedback" title="Ice–albedo feedback">ice/snow–albedo feedback</a> is significantly influenced by surface temperature, so fire induced changes in surface albedo and infrared emissivity are more significant than in the tropics.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boreal forest fires contribute greatly to greenhouse gas presence in the atmosphere. Large boreal fires produce enough energy to produce convective smoke columns that can break into the troposphere and occasionally penetrate across the tropopause. In addition, the cold temperature in boreal regions result in low levels of water vapor. This low level of water vapor combined with low solar radiation results in very low photochemical production of the <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl_radical" title="Hydroxyl radical">OH radical</a>, which is a chemical that controls the atmospheric lifetime of most tropospheric gases. Therefore, the <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emission</a> in boreal forest fires will have prolonged lifetimes over the forest.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_regime">Fire regime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_and_carbon_cycling_in_boreal_forests&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fire regime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fire_regime" title="Fire regime">fire regimes</a> of boreal forest in Canada and in Russia are distinct. In Russia, the climate is drier and the majority of fires are human caused. This means that there are more frequent fires of lower intensity than in Canada and that most carbon output as a result of fire is in Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Forestry practices in Russia involve the use of heavy machinery and large-scale clear-cuts, leading to the alteration of fuel complexes. This practice is reportedly causing areas to degrade into grass steppes, rather that regenerate as new forest. This may result in the shorting of fire return intervals. Industrial practices in Russia also create additional fire hazards (severe damages in the Russian Federation affect about 9 million ha). Radioactive contamination on an area of about 7 million ha creates a fire hazard because fire can redistribute radionuclides.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of boreal forest fires in Canada are started by lightning. Subsequently, there are fewer fires on average in Canada but a much higher frequency of high intensity crown fire than Russia with a crown fire rate of 57% in Canada as opposed to 6% in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natural <a href="/wiki/Fire_history" title="Fire history">fire rotation</a> across Canadian and Alaskan boreal forests is one to several centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peatland_and_tundra">Peatland and tundra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_and_carbon_cycling_in_boreal_forests&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Peatland and tundra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg/300px-Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg/450px-Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg/600px-Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Surface air temperature change over the past 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Fire indirectly plays a role in the exchange of carbon between terrestrial surface and the atmosphere by regulating soil and moisture regimes, including plant succession, photosynthesis, and soil microbial processes. Soil in boreal regions is a significant global carbon sink; boreal forest soil holds 200 Gt of carbon while boreal peatlands hold 400 Gt of carbon. Northernmost permafrost regions contain 10,355 ± 150 Pg of <a href="/wiki/Soil_organic_carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil organic carbon">soil organic carbon</a> (SOC) in the top 0-3 m and 21% of this carbon is in the soil organic layer (SOL) pool found in the top 30 cm of the ground layer.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The depth of the organic soil layer is one of the controls on permafrost, leading to a generalization of two domains in boreal forest: thick soil layer and thin soil layer. Thick organic soil insulates the subsoil from warmer summer temperatures and allows for permafrost to develop. Although permafrost keeps ground moist during winter, during summer months upper organic soil horizons will become desiccated. As average temperatures increase, Permafrost is melting at a faster rate and, correspondingly, the length of the fire season is increasing. When the fire-free interval (FFI) is decreased, the loss of the SOL may result in a domain change to a thin soil layer, leading to less carbon storage in the soil, greater fire vulnerability, and decreased permafrost. In black spruce forests, decreased FFI can ruin successional trajectories by opening the door for deciduous trees and shrubs to invade, which also further increases fire vulnerability.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data regarding carbon storage in the <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a> region as well as fire activity in boreal forests is sparse, which is a significant barrier in determining an accurate carbon budget. An expert assessment indicates that the permafrost region will become a net carbon source by 2100.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 5 - 10 degree C rise in forest floor temperature after a fire will significantly increase the rate of decomposition for years after the fire occurs, which temporarily turns the soil into a net carbon source (not sink) locally.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fire enhances the biogenic emissions of NO and N20 from soil.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_and_carbon_cycling_in_boreal_forests&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permafrost_carbon_cycle" title="Permafrost carbon cycle">Permafrost carbon cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle">Carbon cycle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_and_carbon_cycling_in_boreal_forests&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKasischke2000" class="citation book cs1">Kasischke, Eric S. (2000). "Boreal Ecosystems in the Global Carbon Cycle". <i>Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest</i>. Ecological Studies. 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G.; III, F. Stuart Chapin; Bowden, William B.; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Epstein, Howard E.; Flannigan, Michael D.; Harms, Tamara K. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/11/i=3/a=034014">"Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire: an expert assessment"</a>. <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 034014. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ERL....11c4014A">2016ERL....11c4014A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F11%2F3%2F034014">10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034014</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1912%2F8229">1912/8229</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1748-9326">1748-9326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Biomass+offsets+little+or+none+of+permafrost+carbon+release+from+soils%2C+streams%2C+and+wildfire%3A+an+expert+assessment&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=034014&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1912%2F8229&rft.issn=1748-9326&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F11%2F3%2F034014&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016ERL....11c4014A&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+W.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Jeremy+B.&rft.au=Schuur%2C+Edward+A.+G.&rft.au=III%2C+F.+Stuart+Chapin&rft.au=Bowden%2C+William+B.&rft.au=Bret-Harte%2C+M.+Syndonia&rft.au=Epstein%2C+Howard+E.&rft.au=Flannigan%2C+Michael+D.&rft.au=Harms%2C+Tamara+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstacks.iop.org%2F1748-9326%2F11%2Fi%3D3%2Fa%3D034014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+and+carbon+cycling+in+boreal+forests" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_and_carbon_cycling_in_boreal_forests&oldid=1256100898">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_and_carbon_cycling_in_boreal_forests&oldid=1256100898</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taiga_and_boreal_forests" title="Category:Taiga and boreal forests">Taiga and boreal forests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carbon_cycle" title="Category:Carbon cycle">Carbon cycle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fire" title="Category:Fire">Fire</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 05:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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