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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">美国版权法</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。31种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_copyright_law" title="United States copyright law – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="United States copyright law" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="قانون حقوق التأليف والنشر في الولايات المتحدة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قانون حقوق التأليف والنشر في الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_M%C3%BC%C9%99lliflik_H%C3%BCquqlar%C4%B1_Qanunu" title="ABŞ Müəlliflik Hüquqları Qanunu – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Müəlliflik Hüquqları Qanunu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Закон за авторското право на САЩ – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Закон за авторското право на САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের কপিরাইট আইন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের কপিরাইট আইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_zakon_o_autorskom_pravu" title="Američki zakon o autorskom pravu – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Američki zakon o autorskom pravu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DA%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یاسای مافی بڵاوکردنەوەی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاسای مافی بڵاوکردنەوەی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo_v_USA" title="Autorské právo v USA – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Autorské právo v USA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfraith_hawlfraint_yr_Unol_Daleithiau" title="Cyfraith hawlfraint yr Unol Daleithiau – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfraith hawlfraint yr Unol Daleithiau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_law_(Vereinigte_Staaten)" title="Copyright law (Vereinigte Staaten) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Copyright law (Vereinigte Staaten)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright law of the United States – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Copyright law of the United States" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_derechos_de_autor_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Ley de derechos de autor de los Estados Unidos – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ley de derechos de autor de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="قانون حق تکثیر ایالات متحده آمریکا – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون حق تکثیر ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_d%27auteur_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Droit d'auteur aux États-Unis – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Droit d'auteur aux États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_zakon_o_autorskom_pravu" title="Američki zakon o autorskom pravu – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Američki zakon o autorskom pravu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86-%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հեղինակային իրավունքն ԱՄՆ-ում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեղինակային իրավունքն ԱՄՆ-ում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peraturan_hak_cipta_Amerika_Serikat" title="Peraturan hak cipta Amerika Serikat – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peraturan hak cipta Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright law of the United States – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Copyright law of the United States" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%A8%A9%E6%B3%95_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD)" title="著作権法 (アメリカ合衆国) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="著作権法 (アメリカ合衆国)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94" title="Закон за авторското право на САД – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Закон за авторското право на САД" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undang-undang_hak_cipta_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Undang-undang hak cipta Amerika Syarikat – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Undang-undang hak cipta Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Авторское право в США – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авторское право в США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorsko_pravo_u_SAD" title="Autorsko pravo u SAD – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Autorsko pravo u SAD" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakon_o_avtorskih_pravicah_ZDA" title="Zakon o avtorskih pravicah ZDA – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zakon o avtorskih pravicah ZDA" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligji_i_s%C3%AB_drejt%C3%ABs_autoriale_n%C3%AB_Shtetet_e_Bashkuara" title="Ligji i së drejtës autoriale në Shtetet e Bashkuara – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ligji i së drejtës autoriale në Shtetet e Bashkuara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94" title="Закон о ауторском праву САД – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Закон о ауторском праву САД" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்காவின் பதிப்புரிமைச் சட்டம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்காவின் பதிப்புரிமைச் சட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82" title="అమెరికా కాపీహక్కు చట్టం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమెరికా కాపీహక్కు చట్టం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Telif_Hakk%C4%B1_Kanunu" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Telif Hakkı Kanunu – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Telif Hakkı Kanunu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%E1%BA%ADt_b%E1%BA%A3n_quy%E1%BB%81n_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Luật bản quyền Hoa Kỳ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luật bản quyền Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_and_law.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Justice_and_law.svg/20px-Justice_and_law.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Justice_and_law.svg/30px-Justice_and_law.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Justice_and_law.svg/40px-Justice_and_law.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="維基百科">維基百科</a>中的法律相關內容<b>僅供參考</b>，並<b>不能</b>視作專業意見。如需獲取法律相關的幫助或意見，請諮詢所在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%AE%A1%E8%BD%84%E6%AC%8A" title="司法管轄權">司法管轄區</a>的法律從業人士。詳見<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" title="Wikipedia:法律声明">法律聲明</a></b>。</div> <p>《<b>美国版权法</b>》是美国知识产权法律体系中很重要的组成部分。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第一部<b>美国版权法</b>是于1790年制定的。在美国称之为1790年版权法。 </p><p>美国版权法的制定，来自于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="美国宪法">美国宪法</a>第一条第八款第八项的授权：“议会有权......为促进科学和实用技艺的进步，对作家和发明家的著作和发明，在一定期限内给予專有權利的保障......”<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在美国，规范版权的法律主要有 </p> <ul><li>1790年版权法<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1909年版权法</li> <li>1976年版权法</li> <li>1998年版权期间延长法案（Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act）</li> <li>1998年<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="数字千年版权法">数字千年版权法</a>（Digital Millennium Copyright Act）</li> <li>2005年家庭娱乐和版权法</li></ul> <p>对美国有效的国际知识产权条约主要有： </p> <ul><li>伯尔尼保护文学和艺术品公约（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="伯尔尼公约">伯尔尼公约</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8E%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E7%9A%84%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="与贸易有关的知识产权协定">与贸易有关的知识产权协定</a>（TRIPS）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要内容"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.86.85.E5.AE.B9"></span>主要内容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：主要内容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根据美国最新的版权法规定，著作权的保护期限是直到作者死后70年，这比<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%92%8C%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约">伯尔尼公约</a>规定的国际惯例多了20年，假如作品是集体创作或是1978年1月1日以前发表的，那么其版权保持75至95年。1923年以前发表的作品均属<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F" title="公有领域">公有领域</a>。但这个规则也有例外，一些1963年的作品已经进入公有领域，而另一些早于1923年的作品重新被申请版权因此依然受版权保护。出于法律的改变，到2019年为止不会有作品进入公有领域。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史和细节"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E5.92.8C.E7.BB.86.E8.8A.82"></span>历史和细节</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：历史和细节"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>美国国会发布的第一部版权法是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1790年版权法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Copyright Act of 1790"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1790%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1790年版权法（页面不存在）">1790年版权法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1790" class="extiw" title="en:Copyright Act of 1790"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Copyright Act of 1790</span></a></span>）</span></span>，这部法律保障作者14年出版“地图、图表和书籍”的专权，此后假如作者还活着的话他可以申请获得另一个14年的保护期限。这部法律没有规定其它作品如音乐创作、报纸的版权，它特别注明不禁止拷贝外国作家的作品。当时大多数作品没有申请版权：从1790年到1799年在美国出版了1.3万部作品，只有556部受版权保护。 </p><p>此后版权法被多次改变来适应新技术如录音的出现，版权保护的期限也有延长，此外还有一些其它的改变。美国法院对宪法第一条第八款的理解是版权的目的是鼓励创造对公共有利的作品，因此假如公共利益与作家利益之间产生冲突的话，那么公共利益比作家利益的地位高。这个理解方法导致了<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8" title="合理使用">合理使用</a>原則的产生。一些版权所有者试图扩展法律为他们提供的版权的应用范围导致了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%A5%E7%94%A8%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滥用版权（页面不存在）">滥用版权</a>。 </p><p>美国版权法区分“主意”和“实行”这两个基本概念，但这两个概念之间的界线不十分明确。一份描写一个工业过程的论文受版权保护，任何人未得到作者允许不准拷贝这份论文，但这个工业过程本身不受版权保护，它可以受<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%88%A9" title="专利">专利</a>保护。另一个作者可以用他自己的语言来描写同一工业过程而不侵犯原作者的版权。至于一个故事、一部小说或电影中的人物是否受版权保护不同的法庭意见不同。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1976年版权法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Copyright Act of 1976"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976年版权法（页面不存在）">1976年版权法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1976" class="extiw" title="en:Copyright Act of 1976"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Copyright Act of 1976</span></a></span>）</span></span>注明： </p> <dl><dd>原作品的版权绝对不涉及到其中的任何主意、程序、过程、系统、操作技术、规划、原理或发现，不论原作品如何描述、解释、图示或代表这些主意。</dd></dl> <p>事实被看作是“主意”和“发现”的同义词。不过版权法第103款允许保护“编辑”中的选择和排列所体现的创造力。但这个保护仅限于选择和排列，而不限于事实本身，事实本身可以随意拷贝。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="美国最高法院">美国最高法院</a>在一次判决（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E8%AF%89%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="费斯特出版公司诉乡村电话公司案">费斯特出版公司诉乡村电话公司案</a>）中还明确规定一个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="编辑作品（页面不存在）">编辑作品</a>必须有创造性才受保护，因此仅按照字母顺序排列的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E7%B0%BF" title="電話簿">电话簿</a>不受保护，不论编辑电话簿需要多少工作，其编辑不具备创造性工作因此不受保护。 </p><p>有时一部作品的作者是谁不很清楚。比如假如一个公司雇用某人来写一部作品的话。在这种情况下法庭判决公司，而不是雇员是作者，也拥有版权。 </p><p>作者可以出售、转让或授权版权。比如一个作者可以授权一个外国出版商翻译他的书。美国版权也允许一个作家（或其继承人）在转让后35到40年中收回其版权或在版权生效56到61年后收回其版权。但作者及其继承人无法强迫收回这个版权。 </p><p>在美国，由隶属于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国会图书馆">美国国会图书馆</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国国家版权局（页面不存在）">美国国家版权局</a>管理版权问题。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="美国法典">美国法典</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E7%B7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國法典第十七編（页面不存在）">第十七編</a>（版权法编）第105节规定： </p> <dl><dd>这篇中规定的版权不适合于任何美国联邦政府的作品，但美国联邦政府不被禁止通过授权或购买或其它方式获得和持转让的版权。</dd></dl> <p>这一条的目的在于将所有美国联邦政府的作品放入公有领域。所有美国政府职员在执行他们的工作义务时创造的作品都属于这个范畴。 </p><p>1988年美国加入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%92%8C%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="伯尔尼保护文学和艺术作品公约">伯尔尼保护文学和艺术作品公约</a>，此公约从1989年3月1日开始在美国生效。美国也签署了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8E%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="与知识产权有关贸易协定（页面不存在）">与知识产权有关贸易协定</a>，这个协定本身要求服从伯尔尼公约。为了满足这个协定版权保护被扩展到建筑物。由于美国版权法中的合理使用条例比较强，一些学者怀疑美国法律是否完全符合伯尔尼公约和与知识产权有关贸易协定的要求。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091227071704/http://usinfo.org/zhtw/PUBS/LivingDoc/constitution.htm">The Constitution of the United States</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-03-08</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usinfo.org/zhtw/PUBS/LivingDoc/constitution.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2009-12-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+the+United+States&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusinfo.org%2Fzhtw%2FPUBS%2FLivingDoc%2Fconstitution.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/projects/founderscopyright">Founders’Copyright - Creative Commons</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111123152540/http://creativecommons.org/projects/founderscopyright">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（本法的重點在於作品問世的14或28年後，自動進入公有領域。）</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">英語<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中相关的原始文献：<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em"><b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/en:US_Copyright_Law_(Title_17,_U.S._Code)?uselang=zh">US Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code)</a></b></span></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">您可以在英語<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8" title="維基教科書">維基教科書</a>中查找此百科条目的相關電子教程：<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/en:US_Copyright_Law?uselang=zh">US Copyright Law</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704071954/http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm">Cornell University: Guide to copyright terms in the U.S. </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080105092234/http://www.copyright.gov/">United States Copyright Office</a> （美国国家版权局）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.copyright.gov/circs%7CUS">Copyright Office list of circulars</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年4月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.copyright.gov/circ/circ21.pdf">Circular 21, Reproduction of copyrighted Works by Educators and Librarians</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313195627/http://www.uspto.gov/smallbusiness/">USPTO Stopfakes.gov Small Business Resources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090606211548/http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/search.tkl?q=copyright&search_crit=subject&search=Search&date1=Anytime&date2=Anytime&type=form">Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding copyright</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arl.org/pp/ppcopyright/copyresources/copytimeline.shtml">Copyright Timeline:</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130401132528/http://www.arl.org/pp/ppcopyright/copyresources/copytimeline.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） A History of Copyright in the U.S.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528014438/http://www.asc.upenn.edu/usr/chunter/copyright_and_culture.html">Copyright and Culture</a> by Christopher D. Hunter</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.copyrightdata.com/">Text of every version of U.S. Copyright Act</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170912011401/http://law.copyrightdata.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） for 1909 to the present</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chart.copyrightdata.com/">Flow-charts and tables</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170630034414/http://chart.copyrightdata.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） to determine copyright status of a work</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100309130523/http://www.librarycopyright.net/digitalslider/">Digital copyright slider</a> to determine copyright status of a work</li></ul>   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