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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Wine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Writers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illustrators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illustrators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Illustrators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illustrators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Singers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Comedians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Major communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Languedoc-Roussillon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%88%E1%8B%B6%E1%8A%AD-%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B2%E1%8B%AE%E1%8A%95" title="ላንገዶክ-ሩሲዮን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ላንገዶክ-ሩሲዮን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="لنكدوك روسيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لنكدوك روسيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguadoc-Rosell%C3%B3n" title="Lenguadoc-Rosellón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lenguadoc-Rosellón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengouadoc-Rosselyon" title="Lengouadoc-Rosselyon – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lengouadoc-Rosselyon" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Rosell%C3%B3n" title="Languedoc-Rosellón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Languedoc-Rosellón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon_suyu" title="Languedoc-Roussillon suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langedok-Russilyon" title="Langedok-Russilyon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Langedok-Russilyon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="لانقداک روسیون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لانقداک روسیون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%81" title="লংগ্‌দক-রুসিয়্যোঁ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লংগ্‌দক-রুসিয়্যোঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Лангедок-Русільён – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лангедок-Русільён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Лянгедок-Русыён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лянгедок-Русыён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лангедок-Русийон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лангедок-Русийон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llenguadoc-Rossell%C3%B3" title="Llenguadoc-Rosselló – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llenguadoc-Rosselló" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguadoca_%C3%A8_Russiglione" title="Linguadoca è Russiglione – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Linguadoca è Russiglione" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BA-%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Λανγκντόκ-Ρουσιγιόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λανγκντόκ-Ρουσιγιόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9nguad%C3%B2c-Rusij%C3%B2%E1%B9%85" title="Lénguadòc-Rusijòṅ – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lénguadòc-Rusijòṅ" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Rosell%C3%B3n" title="Languedoc-Rosellón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Languedoc-Rosellón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langvedoko-Rusiljono" title="Langvedoko-Rusiljono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Langvedoko-Rusiljono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="لانگدک-روسیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لانگدک-روسیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Rosell%C3%B3n" title="Languedoc-Rosellón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Languedoc-Rosellón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%91%EA%B7%B8%EB%8F%84%ED%81%AC%EB%A3%A8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9A%A9" title="랑그도크루시용 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랑그도크루시용" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%AF-%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Լանգեդոկ-Ռուսիյոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լանգեդոկ-Ռուսիյոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguadoc-Rossellon" title="Linguadoc-Rossellon – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linguadoc-Rossellon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лангедок-Руссильон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лангедок-Руссильон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguadoca-Rossiglione" title="Linguadoca-Rossiglione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linguadoca-Rossiglione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="לנגדוק-רוסיון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לנגדוק-רוסיון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლანგედოკი-რუსილონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლანგედოკი-რუსილონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лангедок-Руссильон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лангедок-Руссильон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguadocia_et_Ruscino" title="Linguadocia et Ruscino – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguadocia et Ruscino" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langdoka-Rusijona" title="Langdoka-Rusijona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Langdoka-Rusijona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langedokas-Rusijonas" title="Langedokas-Rusijonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Langedokas-Rusijonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лангдок-Русијон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лангдок-Русијон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82" title="लांगूदोक-रूसियों – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लांगूदोक-रूसियों" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლანგედოკი-რუსილონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლანგედოკი-რუსილონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B6%E1%80%82%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B7%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA-%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လံဂဒေါ့က်-ရူဆီယောင်တိုင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လံဂဒေါ့က်-ရူဆီယောင်တိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon_(regio)" title="Languedoc-Roussillon (regio) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon (regio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%89%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A8%E3%83%B3%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%8F" title="ラングドック＝ルシヨン地域圏 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラングドック＝ルシヨン地域圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA_%E2%80%94_%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лангедок — ГӀуссильон – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лангедок — ГӀуссильон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laungue-d%27Oc-et-Rouossilloun" title="Laungue-d'Oc-et-Rouossilloun – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Laungue-d'Oc-et-Rouossilloun" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengad%C3%B2c-Rosselhon" title="Lengadòc-Rosselhon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengadòc-Rosselhon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95-%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A8" title="ਲਾਂਗਡੋਕ-ਰੂਸੀਓਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਂਗਡੋਕ-ਰੂਸੀਓਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="لانگدوک-روسیون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لانگدوک-روسیون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengad%C3%B2ca-Rossijon" title="Lengadòca-Rossijon – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lengadòca-Rossijon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langwedocja-Roussillon" title="Langwedocja-Roussillon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Langwedocja-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoque-Rossilh%C3%A3o" title="Languedoque-Rossilhão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Languedoque-Rossilhão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лангедок-Руссильон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лангедок-Руссильон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbadoca-Rossiglione" title="Limbadoca-Rossiglione – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbadoca-Rossiglione" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengodok-Rruseljo" title="Lengodok-Rruseljo – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lengodok-Rruseljo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguadoca-Russigghiuni" title="Linguadoca-Russigghiuni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Linguadoca-Russigghiuni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лангдок-Русијон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лангдок-Русијон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81-%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="แคว้นล็องก์ด็อก-รูซียง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นล็องก์ด็อก-รูซียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лангедок-Русійон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лангедок-Русійон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="لانگداک-روسیون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لانگداک-روسیون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81engoadoca-Rossejon" title="Łengoadoca-Rossejon – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łengoadoca-Rossejon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%8B-%E9%B2%81%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%B8" title="朗格多克-鲁西永 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="朗格多克-鲁西永" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC%E9%90%B8-%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%8D" title="朗格鐸-豪斯雍 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="朗格鐸-豪斯雍" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Languedoc-Roussillon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%8B-%E9%B2%81%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%B8" title="朗格多克-鲁西永 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朗格多克-鲁西永" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Languedoc-Roussillon&params=43_40_N_3_10_E_region:FR_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.667°N 3.167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.667; 3.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon_wine" title="Languedoc-Roussillon wine">Languedoc-Roussillon wine</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Languedoc-Roussillon</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Lengadòc-Rosselhon</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region of France</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Languedoc-Roussillon"><img alt="Flag of Languedoc-Roussillon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/120px-Flag_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/180px-Flag_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/240px-Flag_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Languedoc-Roussillon"><img alt="Coat of arms of Languedoc-Roussillon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/84px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="84" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/126px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/168px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="923" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9gion_Languedoc-Roussillon_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Languedoc-Roussillon"><img alt="Official logo of Languedoc-Roussillon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/09/R%C3%A9gion_Languedoc-Roussillon_logo.svg/75px-R%C3%A9gion_Languedoc-Roussillon_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/09/R%C3%A9gion_Languedoc-Roussillon_logo.svg/113px-R%C3%A9gion_Languedoc-Roussillon_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/09/R%C3%A9gion_Languedoc-Roussillon_logo.svg/150px-R%C3%A9gion_Languedoc-Roussillon_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="230" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Languedoc-Roussillon_in_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Languedoc-Roussillon_in_France.svg/250px-Languedoc-Roussillon_in_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Languedoc-Roussillon_in_France.svg/375px-Languedoc-Roussillon_in_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Languedoc-Roussillon_in_France.svg/500px-Languedoc-Roussillon_in_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="997" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">2016-01-01</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>5</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a> (11)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a> (30)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a> (34)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a> (48)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> (66)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Regional_Council_(France)" title="President of the Regional Council (France)">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Damien Alary (<a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="Miscellaneous Left">DVG</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">27,376 km<sup>2</sup> (10,570 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2012-01-01)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,700,266</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">99/km<sup>2</sup> (260/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€85.916 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€30,400 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">FR-K</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" class="mw-redirect" title="First level NUTS of the European Union">NUTS Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">FR8</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laregion.fr/">laregion.fr</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Languedoc-Roussillon</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[lɑ̃ɡ(ə)dɔk<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁusijɔ̃]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c2\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Languedoc-Roussillon.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Languedoc-Roussillon.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Beno\u00eet Prieur-Languedoc-Roussillon.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Languedoc-Roussillon.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Languedoc-Roussillon.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Languedoc-Roussillon.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-Languedoc-Roussillon.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Lengadòc-Rosselhon</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[ˌleŋɡɔˈðɔk<span class="wrap"> </span>ruseˈʎu]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">Llenguadoc-Rosselló</i>) is a former <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">administrative region</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. On 1 January 2016, it joined with the region of <a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reform_law_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reform_law-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comprised five <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a>, and bordered the other French regions of <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auvergne" title="Auvergne">Auvergne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a> towards the north, and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> towards the south. It was the southernmost region of mainland France. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first part of the name of the province of Languedoc-Roussillon comes from the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">langue d'oc</i></span> ("language of <span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">oc</i></span>"), and is also a <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">historical region</a>. In southern France, the word for <i>yes</i> was the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan language</a> word <span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">oc</i></span>. Prior to the 16th century, the central area of France was referred to as <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Languedoil</i></span>, there the word for <i>yes</i> was <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">oil</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>, later becoming <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">oui</i></span>. These old place names referred to the areas where Occitan and Old French were spoken.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Villers-Cotterets" class="mw-redirect" title="Edict of Villers-Cotterets">Edict of Villers-Cotterets</a> made French the official national language in 1539. <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a> was the name of the medieval <a href="/wiki/County_of_Roussillon" title="County of Roussillon">County of Roussillon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_des_Gouvernements_de_Languedoc.._Roussillon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Carte_des_Gouvernements_de_Languedoc.._Roussillon.jpg/220px-Carte_des_Gouvernements_de_Languedoc.._Roussillon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Carte_des_Gouvernements_de_Languedoc.._Roussillon.jpg/330px-Carte_des_Gouvernements_de_Languedoc.._Roussillon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Carte_des_Gouvernements_de_Languedoc.._Roussillon.jpg/440px-Carte_des_Gouvernements_de_Languedoc.._Roussillon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Governments of Languedoc, Foix and Roussillon by <a href="/wiki/Rigobert_Bonne" title="Rigobert Bonne">Rigobert Bonne</a> (1727–1795), Paris, circa 1783</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_du_Languedoc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Carte_du_Languedoc.svg/220px-Carte_du_Languedoc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Carte_du_Languedoc.svg/330px-Carte_du_Languedoc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Carte_du_Languedoc.svg/440px-Carte_du_Languedoc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3109" data-file-height="2682" /></a><figcaption>The province of Languedoc within its 18th century limits and the current communes and departments.</figcaption></figure> <p>Towards the end of the 3rd century BC, a <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic people</a>, the <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a></span></span>, took up residence in the region between the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9vennes" title="Cévennes">Cévennes</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their capitals were <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They made a pact with the Romans from the 1st century BC. <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a> was created to pacify the province in 118 BC and became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Narbonnaise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the beginning of the 5th century, the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> invaded the province and then the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> settled there. The Narbonne region, like the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, remained Visigothic until its conquest by the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> between 719 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Narbonne_(719)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Narbonne (719) (page does not exist)">fall of Narbonne</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Narbonne_(719)" class="extiw" title="fr:Siège de Narbonne (719)">fr</a>]</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 725 (fall of <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> and Nîmes).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narbonne then became the capital of one of the five provinces of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></span></span> led by a <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">wali</a></i></span> for nearly forty years.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pépin the Short</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Narbonne_(752%E2%80%93759)" title="Siege of Narbonne (752–759)">fall of Narbonne in 759</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who made it the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marquisate_of_Gothia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marquisate of Gothia (page does not exist)">marquisate of Gothia</a>, included in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">kingdom of Aquitaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> created in 778. This vast territory encompassed all of the south of the Rhône to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> and was bequeathed by <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> to his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> in 781.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administration was entrusted to the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Toulouse" title="Count of Toulouse">counts of Toulouse</a>. </p><p>During the feudal era, a great political fragmentation took place: the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Roussillon" title="County of Roussillon">counties of Roussillon</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Cerdanya" title="County of Cerdanya">Cerdanya</a> passed into the orbit of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Bas-Languedoc passed under the domination of the <a href="/wiki/Trencavel" title="Trencavel">house of Trencavel</a> and their rivals the counts of Toulouse.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse">Raymond IV</a> (1042–1115) achieved through marriage the objective of reunification by enlarging his state to the <a href="/wiki/Rouergue" title="Rouergue">county of Rouergue</a>, Nîmes, Narbonne, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9vaudan" title="Gévaudan">Gévaudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agde" title="Agde">Agde</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers" title="Béziers">Béziers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uz%C3%A8s" title="Uzès">Uzès</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fight against <a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Catharism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade" title="Albigensian Crusade">Albigensian Crusade</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led to the extinction of the dynasty of the Counts of Toulouse. The province was united to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> in 1271, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, which remained under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Barcelona" title="House of Barcelona">House of Barcelona</a> and then of Majorca, and which was not attached to the Kingdom of France until 1349. From there was born the royal Languedoc which persisted until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Corbeil_(1258)" title="Treaty of Corbeil (1258)">Treaty of Corbeil in 1258</a> ratified the division with the southern territories of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res_Massif" title="Corbières Massif">Corbières</a> formed the border between the Kingdom of France and the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a> in the Crown of Aragon.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1659, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Treaty of the Pyrenees">Treaty of the Pyrenees</a> led to the annexation of Roussillon and northern Cerdanya to the Kingdom of France.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is experiencing the strongest demographic growth in France, and could have around 3,300,000 inhabitants by 2030,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an increase of 36% compared to 2000. This increase is mainly due to <a href="/wiki/Internal_migration" title="Internal migration">internal migration</a>, natural increase being rather low.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> has the largest proportion of elderly people (12.10% over 75). <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a> are the "youngest" departments, but they are destined to "age" considerably in the coming years. By 2020, the number of people aged over 75 is expected to increase by 12% across the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> is the most represented religion in the region, particularly at the level of historical monuments and associations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Ecclesiastical Province of Montpellier (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Province ecclésiastique de Montpellier</i>) corresponds to the administrative region. The region has 16 cathedrals (<a href="/wiki/Agde_Cathedral" title="Agde Cathedral">Agde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A8s_Cathedral" title="Alès Cathedral">Alès</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alet_Cathedral" title="Alet Cathedral">Alet</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers_Cathedral" title="Béziers Cathedral">Béziers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne_Cathedral" title="Carcassonne Cathedral">Carcassonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elne_Cathedral" title="Elne Cathedral">Elne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lod%C3%A8ve_Cathedral" title="Lodève Cathedral">Lodève</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguelone_Cathedral" title="Maguelone Cathedral">Maguelone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mende_Cathedral" title="Mende Cathedral">Mende</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montpellier_Cathedral" title="Montpellier Cathedral">Montpellier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narbonne_Cathedral" title="Narbonne Cathedral">Narbonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes_Cathedral" title="Nîmes Cathedral">Nîmes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perpignan_Cathedral" title="Perpignan Cathedral">Perpignan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Papoul_Cathedral" title="Saint-Papoul Cathedral">Saint-Papoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pons-de-Thomi%C3%A8res_Cathedral" title="Saint-Pons-de-Thomières Cathedral">Saint-Pons-de-Thomières</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uz%C3%A8s_Cathedral" title="Uzès Cathedral">Uzès</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> is well represented in the region, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenot</a> stronghold of the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9vennes" title="Cévennes">Cévennes</a>. The <i>Cévennes-Languedoc-Roussillon region</i> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_of_France" title="United Protestant Church of France">United Protestant Church</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> as well as the eastern part of <a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an important region by its Protestant population (approximately 20,000 homes), but one of the least extensive of the United Protestant Church of France.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to this majority church, the region has since the <abbr>19th</abbr> century a variety of <a href="/wiki/Free_church" title="Free church">Free</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed Evangelical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> and <abbr><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></abbr> churches. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> has been present since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> with significant communities fleeing the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohads</a>, in Narbonne and Béziers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jews are thus cited in the will of <a href="/wiki/William_V_of_Montpellier" title="William V of Montpellier">William V of Montpellier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is also present at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Catharism</a> appeared in the region in the middle of the 12th century, in Aude. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eschino_d%27Aze_et_puechs_des_Bondons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eschino_d%27Aze_et_puechs_des_Bondons.jpg/200px-Eschino_d%27Aze_et_puechs_des_Bondons.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eschino_d%27Aze_et_puechs_des_Bondons.jpg/300px-Eschino_d%27Aze_et_puechs_des_Bondons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eschino_d%27Aze_et_puechs_des_Bondons.jpg/400px-Eschino_d%27Aze_et_puechs_des_Bondons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2442" /></a><figcaption>Landscape in <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>, Languedoc-Roussillon</figcaption></figure> <p>The region is made up of the following historical <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">provinces</a>: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mouthoumetpyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mouthoumetpyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.JPG/200px-Mouthoumetpyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mouthoumetpyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.JPG/300px-Mouthoumetpyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mouthoumetpyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.JPG/400px-Mouthoumetpyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Landscape in <a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>, Languedoc-Roussillon</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>68.7% of Languedoc-Roussillon was formerly part the province of <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a>: the departments of <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>, the extreme south and extreme east of <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>, and the extreme north of <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>. The former province of Languedoc also extends over what is now the <a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a> region, including the old capital of Languedoc <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>.</li> <li>17.9% of Languedoc-Roussillon was formerly the province of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9vaudan" title="Gévaudan">Gévaudan</a>, now the department of Lozère. A small part of the former Gévaudan lies inside the current <a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvergne (region)">Auvergne</a> region. Gévaudan is often considered to be a sub-province inside the province of Languedoc, in which case Languedoc would account for 86.6% of Languedoc-Roussillon.</li> <li>13.4% of Languedoc-Roussillon, located in the southernmost part of the region, is a collection of five historical <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalan</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Pays_(France)" title="Pays (France)">pays</a></i></span>, from east to west: <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallespir" title="Vallespir">Vallespir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conflent" title="Conflent">Conflent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capcir" title="Capcir">Capcir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_Cerdagne" title="French Cerdagne">Cerdagne</a>, all of which are now part of the department of <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>. These pays were part of the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">province of Roussillon</a>, owning its name to the largest and most populous of the five pays, Roussillon. "Province of Roussillon and adjacent lands of Cerdagne" was indeed the name that was officially used after the area became French in 1659, based on the historical division of the five pays between the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Roussillon" title="County of Roussillon">county of Roussillon</a> (Roussillon and Vallespir) and the <a href="/wiki/Cerdanya" title="Cerdanya">county of Cerdagne</a> (Cerdagne, Capcir, and Conflent).</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Ll%C3%ADvia" title="Llívia">Llívia</a> is a town of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain, that forms a Spanish exclave surrounded by French territory (department of Pyrénées-Orientales). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Regional Council of Languedoc-Roussillon">Regional Council of Languedoc-Roussillon</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/220px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/330px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/440px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="923" /></a><figcaption>Unofficial coat of arms of Languedoc-Roussillon</figcaption></figure> <p>At the regional elections in March 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">socialist</a> mayor of <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Fr%C3%AAche" title="Georges Frêche">Georges Frêche</a>, defeated its center-right president. Since then, Georges Frêche has embarked on a complete overhaul of the region and its institutions. The flag of the region, which displayed the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_cross" title="Occitan cross">cross of Languedoc</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Senyera" title="Senyera">Flag of Roussillon</a> (the <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">Senyera</i></span>), was changed for a new flag with no reference to the old provinces, except in terms of the colors (red and yellow), which are the colors of both Languedoc and all the territories from the former <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>. </p><p>Georges Frêche also wanted to change the name of the region, wishing to erase its duality (Languedoc vs. Roussillon) and strengthen its unity. Thus, he wanted to rename the region Septimanie (<a href="/wiki/Septimania" title="Septimania">Septimania</a>). <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Septimania</i></span> was the name created by the Romans at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> for the coastal area corresponding quite well to present day Languedoc-Roussillon (including Roussillon, but not including Gévaudan), and used in the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> for the area. This name, however, has not been in use since the 9th century, and it sounded quite odd to French people.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strong opposition of the population led to Georges Frêche giving up on his idea. He declared that he still believed in it but could not go ahead without a mandate. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan nationalists</a> in <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a> would like the <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> department to secede from Languedoc-Roussillon and become a region in its own right, under the proposed name of <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">Catalunya Nord</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia">Northern Catalonia</a>), as part of the <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalans" class="mw-redirect" title="Països Catalans">Països Catalans</a></i></span> (Catalan Countries), a new country. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This idea has minimal popular support.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On the other hand, there are some who would like to merge the Languedoc-Roussillon and <a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a> regions, thus reunifying the old province of <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a>, and creating a large region. It seems probable that Georges Frêche, with his idea of a "Septimanie" region, would not support such plans, although political leaders in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers" title="Béziers">Béziers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, and especially <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>, would probably support such a merger, hostile as they are to <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, which was chosen as the capital of Languedoc-Roussillon instead of their own city, and which they accuse of <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg/220px-Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg/330px-Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg/440px-Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12648" data-file-height="4882" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pont_du_Gard" title="Pont du Gard">Pont du Gard</a> aqueduct near <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> was the language spoken in Languedoc, and <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> was the language spoken in Roussillon. Both have been under pressure from French. In 2004, research conducted by the Government of Catalonia showed that 65% of adults over the age of 15 in Roussillon could understand Catalan whereas 37% stated they were able to speak it.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years there have been attempts at reviving of both languages, including Catalan-medium schooling through the <a href="/wiki/La_Bressola" title="La Bressola">La Bressola</a> schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Occitan_literature" title="Occitan literature">Occitan literature</a> – still sometimes called Provençal literature – is a body of texts written in Occitan in what is nowadays the South of France. It originated in the poetry of the eleventh- and twelfth-century troubadours, and inspired the rise of vernacular literature throughout medieval Europe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aimeric_de_Peguilhan" title="Aimeric de Peguilhan">Aimeric de Peguilhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giraut_de_Bornelh" title="Giraut de Bornelh">Giraut de Bornelh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Born" title="Bertran de Born">Bertran de Born</a> were major influences in <a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadour</a> composition, in the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>. The troubadour tradition is considered to have originated in the region. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a> composer <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9odat_de_S%C3%A9verac" title="Déodat de Séverac">Déodat de Séverac</a> was born in the region, and, following his schooling in Paris, returned to the region to compose. He sought to incorporate the music indigenous to the area in his compositions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wine">Wine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon_wine" title="Languedoc-Roussillon wine">Languedoc-Roussillon wine</a></div> <p>The Languedoc-Roussillon region is dominated by 740,300 acres (2,996 km<sup>2</sup>) of <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a>, three times the combined area of the vineyards in <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> and the region has been an important winemaking centre for several centuries. Grapevines are said to have existed in the South of France since the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> period - before the existence of <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i>. The first vineyards of Gaul developed around two towns: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers" title="Béziers">Béziers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> and plentiful land with soil ranging from rocky sand to thick clay was very suitable for the production of <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, and it is estimated that one in ten bottles of the world's wine was produced in this region during the 20th century (Robinson 1999:395). Despite this enormous quantity, the area's significance was often overlooked by scholarly publications and commercial journals, largely because very little of the wine being produced was classified under an <a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27origine_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" title="Appellation d'origine contrôlée">appellation contrôlée</a> until the 1980s (Joseph 2005:190). </p><p>Several entrepreneurs such as Robert Skalli and James Herrick drastically changed the face of the region, planting more commercially viable <a href="/wiki/Grape_varieties" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape varieties">grape varieties</a> and pushing for new AOC classifications. While the AOC system has origins in the 15th century, the Languedoc-Roussillon has some appellations like the <a href="/wiki/Cabard%C3%A8s_AOC" title="Cabardès AOC">Cabardès</a> which have existed by law only since 1999 (Joseph 2005:190). </p><p>The region is the largest contributor to the European Union's glut (dominance of supply over demand) of wine known as the <a href="/wiki/Wine_lake" title="Wine lake">wine lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Languedoc-Roussillon region has adopted a <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">marque</a> to help market its products, in particular, but not limited to, wine. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Sud de France</i></span> (<i><a href="/wiki/South_of_France" title="South of France">Southern France</a></i>) marque was adopted in 2006<sup id="cite_ref-Ind1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ind1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to help customers abroad not familiar with the <a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27origine_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" title="Appellation d'origine contrôlée">Appellation</a> system to recognise those wines that originated in the L-R area,<sup id="cite_ref-TFrL_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFrL-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the marque is also used for other products, including <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheeses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oils</a> and pies.<sup id="cite_ref-Ind2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ind2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Languedoc-Roussillon has been a major center of <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_in_France" title="Rugby league in France">Rugby league in France</a> since the sport was introduced to the country in the 1930s. The region is also home to the rugby union teams <a href="/wiki/AS_B%C3%A9ziers_H%C3%A9rault" title="AS Béziers Hérault">AS Béziers Hérault</a>, <a href="/wiki/RC_Narbonne" title="RC Narbonne">RC Narbonne</a> and <a href="/wiki/USA_Perpignan" title="USA Perpignan">USA Perpignan</a>. Since the following years of the retirement of this region, the popularity has gone down. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/Montpellier_HSC" title="Montpellier HSC">Montpellier HSC</a>, which was founded in 1974 and plays in the <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a>, the French top division. It won the French Championship after the 2011/12 season. Home matches are played at the Stade La Mosson, named after the area where it is located, with a capacity of 31,250. It was built in 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writers">Writers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Writers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Paul Valéry</a> (1871–1945), writer, philosopher, poet and epistemologist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a> (1913–2005), writer, born in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, was brought up in <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> and throughout his life showed a real attachment to the Catalan land. He spent part of his last years in his home in <a href="/wiki/Salses-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Salses-le-Château">Salses-le-Château</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malika_Mokeddem" title="Malika Mokeddem">Malika Mokeddem</a>, born in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> in 1949, she continued her medical doctorate, begun in <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1977. Based in <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, she is the author of <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=plewXyH2ghoC">L'interdite</a></i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AMAdAQAAIAAJ&q=Je%20dois%20tout%20%C3%A0%20ton%20oubli%20malika%20mokeddem">Je owe tout à ton oublie</a></i>. Her works are inspired by her personal journey.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Roqueta" title="Max Roqueta">Max Roqueta</a> (1908–2005), poet and writer in <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>. He created the French Tambourine Federation (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Fédération française de tambourin</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Delteil" title="Joseph Delteil">Joseph Delteil</a> (1894–1978), poet and writer; he was the friend of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Brassens" title="Georges Brassens">Georges Brassens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Soulages" title="Pierre Soulages">Pierre Soulages</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joubert" title="Jean Joubert">Jean Joubert</a> (1928–2015), poet and writer for both youth and adults, wrote <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=li0THQAACAAJ">Arche de la parole</a></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> The ark of speech</span>) and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fsy4AAAACAAJ">Le chien qui savait lire</a></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> The dog who could read</span>). He received the <a href="/wiki/Prix_Renaudot" title="Prix Renaudot">Prix Renaudot</a> in 1975 for <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AOjKOwAACAAJ">L'Homme de sable</a></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> The sand man</span>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Daudet" title="Alphonse Daudet">Alphonse Daudet</a> (1840–1897), writer and playwright, born in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> and grew up in <a href="/wiki/Bezouce" title="Bezouce">Bezouce</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_Lafont" title="Robèrt Lafont">Robèrt Lafont</a> (1923–2009), poet and writer in Occitan, essayist, linguist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illustrators">Illustrators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Illustrators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dubout" title="Albert Dubout">Albert Dubout</a> (1905–1976) studied at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux-Arts" title="École des Beaux-Arts">School of Fine Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> and became the illustrator of many national newspapers, then the poster designer and designer. He very often parodied the little train linking Montpellier to <a href="/wiki/Palavas-les-Flots" title="Palavas-les-Flots">Palavas-les-Flots</a> where a museum is dedicated to him.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singers">Singers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Singers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Brassens" title="Georges Brassens">Georges Brassens</a>, born in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8te" title="Sète">Sète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Trenet" title="Charles Trenet">Charles Trenet</a>, born in <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patric_(singer)" title="Patric (singer)">Patric</a>, Occitan singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Ruiz" title="Olivia Ruiz">Olivia Ruiz</a>, born in <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cali_(singer)" title="Cali (singer)">Cali</a>, originally from <a href="/wiki/Vernet-les-Bains" title="Vernet-les-Bains">Vernet-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boby_Lapointe" title="Boby Lapointe">Boby Lapointe</a>, born in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9zenas" title="Pézenas">Pézenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Dor%C3%A9" title="Julien Doré">Julien Doré</a>, born in <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A8s" title="Alès">Alès</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricoune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricoune (page does not exist)">Ricoune</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricoune" class="extiw" title="fr:Ricoune">fr</a>]</span>, singer-songwriter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedians">Comedians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Comedians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9mi_Gaillard" title="Rémi Gaillard">Rémi Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Mad%C3%A9nian" title="Mathieu Madénian">Mathieu Madénian</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_communities">Major communities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Major communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_montpellier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Street_montpellier.jpg/220px-Street_montpellier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Street_montpellier.jpg/330px-Street_montpellier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Street_montpellier.jpg/440px-Street_montpellier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Street in Montpellier</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A8s" title="Alès">Alès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers" title="Béziers">Béziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8te" title="Sète">Sète</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languedoc_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Languedoc wine">Languedoc wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appellations_in_Languedoc-Roussillon" title="List of appellations in Languedoc-Roussillon">List of appellations in Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ch%C3%A2teaux_in_Languedoc-Roussillon" title="List of châteaux in Languedoc-Roussillon">List of châteaux in Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00003/default/table?lang=en">"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU+regions+by+GDP%2C+Eurostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftgs00003%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguedoc-Roussillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reform_law-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reform_law_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=9FECBA9D9314D1D2C093CF793C886ED5.tpdila21v_1?idSectionTA=JORFSCTA000030109623&cidTexte=JORFTEXT000030109622&dateTexte=29990101"><i>Loi n° 2015-29 du 16 janvier 2015 relative à la délimitation des régions, aux élections régionales et départementales et modifiant le calendrier électoral</i></a></span> (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopaedia Britannica - French language <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/French-language">https://www.britannica.com/topic/French-language</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Volcae" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Volcae">Volcae</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Volcae&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=178&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguedoc-Roussillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"At the time of <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">invasion of Italy</a>, the Volcae had also possessions east of the Rhône" (Smith 1854); see <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> xxi. 26 and <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> 203).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRingWatsonSchellinger2013" class="citation book cs1">Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (28 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yfPYAQAAQBAJ"><i>Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places</i></a>. Routledge. p. 730. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-63944-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-63944-9"><bdi>978-1-136-63944-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+Europe%3A+International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pages=730&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.isbn=978-1-136-63944-9&rft.aulast=Ring&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft.au=Watson%2C+Noelle&rft.au=Schellinger%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyfPYAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguedoc-Roussillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoman1988" class="citation thesis cs1">Roman, Danièle (1 January 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theses.fr/1987PA040325"><i>Des Volques Arécomiques à la colonie de Nîmes. Contribution à l'étude de la politique coloniale de Rome en Gaule méridionale (2eme siècle avant J. -C. -1er siècle après J. -C. )</i></a> (These de doctorat thesis). Paris 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Des+Volques+Ar%C3%A9comiques+%C3%A0+la+colonie+de+N%C3%AEmes.+Contribution+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9tude+de+la+politique+coloniale+de+Rome+en+Gaule+m%C3%A9ridionale+%282eme+si%C3%A8cle+avant+J.+-C.+-1er+si%C3%A8cle+apr%C3%A8s+J.+-C.+%29&rft.degree=These+de+doctorat&rft.inst=Paris+4&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.aulast=Roman&rft.aufirst=Dani%C3%A8le&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theses.fr%2F1987PA040325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguedoc-Roussillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrand2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grand, Chantal (19 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LaiaCwAAQBAJ"><i>Le douloureux passé de la Méditerranée: Histoire</i></a> (in French). BoD - Books on Demand. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8106-2854-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8106-2854-4"><bdi>978-2-8106-2854-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+douloureux+pass%C3%A9+de+la+M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e%3A+Histoire&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=BoD+-+Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft.isbn=978-2-8106-2854-4&rft.aulast=Grand&rft.aufirst=Chantal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLaiaCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguedoc-Roussillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSismondi1842" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ykPAAAAQAAJ"><i>Histoire de la Chute de L'émpire Romain Et Du Déclin de la Civilisation, de L'an 250 a L'an 1000</i></a> (in French). N.J. 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Generalitat de Catalunya, Secretaria de Política Lingüística. 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/Llengcat/Documents/Dades%20origen%20territori%20i%20poblacio/Altres/Arxius/catnord2004.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enquesta+d%27usos+ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstics+a+la+Catalunya+Nord&rft.pub=Generalitat+de+Catalunya%2C+Secretaria+de+Pol%C3%ADtica+Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww20.gencat.cat%2Fdocs%2FLlengcat%2FDocuments%2FDades%2520origen%2520territori%2520i%2520poblacio%2FAltres%2FArxius%2Fcatnord2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguedoc-Roussillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParfittTommer1978" class="citation journal cs1">Parfitt, Trevor; Tommer, Yehonathan (July 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40395057">"Notes of the Month"</a>. <i>The World Today</i>. <b>34</b> (7): 245–251. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40395057">40395057</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Today&rft.atitle=Notes+of+the+Month&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=245-251&rft.date=1978-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40395057%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Parfitt&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft.au=Tommer%2C+Yehonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40395057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguedoc-Roussillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ind1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ind1_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> - <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/france/sud-de-france--the-brand-1061928.html">Sud de France - The Brand</a></i> - <b>6 December 2008</b> (accessed 24 February 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TFrL-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TFrL_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This French Life - <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisfrenchlife.com/thisfrenchlife/2008/05/sud-de-france-t.html">Sud de France to highlight Languedoc Roussillon wines</a></i> (accessed 24 February 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ind2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ind2_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Independent - <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/france/sud-de-france-foods-1061930.html">Sud de France Foods</a></i> - <b>6 December 2008</b> (accessed 24 February 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ot-palavaslesflots.com/en/touristic_sheet/musee-albert-dubout-a-palavas-les-flots-palavas-les-flots-en-2668968/">"Musée Albert Bubout à Palavas-les-Flots - Museums - Palavas-les-Flots"</a>. <i>Office de Tourisme de Palavas-les-flots</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+de+Tourisme+de+Palavas-les-flots&rft.atitle=Mus%C3%A9e+Albert+Bubout+%C3%A0+Palavas-les-Flots+-+Museums+-+Palavas-les-Flots&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ot-palavaslesflots.com%2Fen%2Ftouristic_sheet%2Fmusee-albert-dubout-a-palavas-les-flots-palavas-les-flots-en-2668968%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguedoc-Roussillon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2005" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, Robert (2005). <i>French Wine Revised and Updated</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. pp. 190–201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7566-1520-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7566-1520-8"><bdi>0-7566-1520-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Wine+Revised+and+Updated&rft.pages=190-201&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7566-1520-8&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguedoc-Roussillon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080614211848/http://www.beziers-tourisme.fr/index.php3?id_gmenu=10618&code_menu=viti&langue=en&PHPSESSID=8e6c4de28354cee6aabdf3818f148629">Official Béziers Tourist Office Website</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Administrative regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current (since 2016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a> (Centre Region until 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former (1982–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(administrative_region)" title="Auvergne (administrative region)">Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy">Lower Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitou-Charentes" title="Poitou-Charentes">Poitou-Charentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Normandy" title="Upper Normandy">Upper Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas regions">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_France" title="Flags of the regions of France">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranked_list_of_French_regions" title="Ranked list of French regions">Ranked by area/population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of French regions by Human Development Index">by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">Regional councils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="27pxMediterranean_Games" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#BFD7FF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mediterranean_Games" title="Template:Mediterranean Games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mediterranean_Games" title="Template talk:Mediterranean Games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mediterranean_Games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mediterranean Games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="27pxMediterranean_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mediterranean_Games_rings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mediterranean_Games_rings.svg/27px-Mediterranean_Games_rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mediterranean_Games_rings.svg/41px-Mediterranean_Games_rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mediterranean_Games_rings.svg/54px-Mediterranean_Games_rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Games" title="Mediterranean Games">Mediterranean Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_Mediterranean_Games" title="1951 Mediterranean Games">1951 Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Mediterranean_Games" title="1955 Mediterranean Games">1955 Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mediterranean_Games" title="1959 Mediterranean Games">1959 Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Mediterranean_Games" title="1963 Mediterranean Games">1963 Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Mediterranean_Games" title="1967 Mediterranean Games">1967 Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Mediterranean_Games" title="1971 Mediterranean Games">1971 İzmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Mediterranean_Games" title="1975 Mediterranean Games">1975 Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Mediterranean_Games" title="1979 Mediterranean Games">1979 Split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Mediterranean_Games" title="1983 Mediterranean Games">1983 Casablanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mediterranean_Games" title="1987 Mediterranean Games">1987 Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Mediterranean_Games" title="1991 Mediterranean Games">1991 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Mediterranean_Games" title="1993 Mediterranean Games">1993 Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Mediterranean_Games" title="1997 Mediterranean Games">1997 Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Mediterranean_Games" title="2001 Mediterranean Games">2001 Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Mediterranean_Games" title="2005 Mediterranean Games">2005 Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Mediterranean_Games" title="2009 Mediterranean Games">2009 Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Mediterranean_Games" title="2013 Mediterranean Games">2013 Mersin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mediterranean_Games" title="2018 Mediterranean Games">2018 Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mediterranean_Games" title="2022 Mediterranean Games">2022 Oran</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Mediterranean_Games" title="2026 Mediterranean Games">2026 Taranto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Mediterranean_Games" title="2030 Mediterranean Games">2030 Pristina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Languedoc-Roussillon&params=43_40_N_3_10_E_region:FR_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.667°N 3.167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.667; 3.167</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121946223">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149717133">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4034545-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80109291">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864744f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864744f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Languedoc-Roussillon (Francie : kraj)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134312&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557344505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3d3cd460-c1bd-46f1-aa30-d8f19604e2ef">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026390973">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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