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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Дейвид Листма – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дейвид Листма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leestma" title="David Leestma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="David Leestma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leestma" title="David Leestma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Leestma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7" title="دیوید لیستما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوید لیستما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_C._Leestma" title="David C. Leestma – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David C. Leestma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leestma" title="David Leestma – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="David Leestma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leestma" title="David Leestma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="David Leestma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cornell_Leestma" title="David Cornell Leestma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="David Cornell Leestma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ديڤيد ليستما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديڤيد ليستما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leestma" title="David Leestma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="David Leestma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leestma" title="David Leestma – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="David Leestma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leestma" title="David Leestma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="David Leestma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0,_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Листма, Дэвид Корнелл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Листма, Дэвид Корнелл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv 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line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time in space</div></th><td class="infobox-data">22d 4d 32m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Selection</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9" title="NASA Astronaut Group 9">NASA Group 9 (1980)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Total <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">EVAs</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Total EVA time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3h 29m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Missions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a><br /><a href="/wiki/STS-28" title="STS-28">STS-28</a><br /><a href="/wiki/STS-45" title="STS-45">STS-45</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mission insignia</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-41-G_patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/STS-41-G_patch.png/45px-STS-41-G_patch.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/STS-41-G_patch.png/68px-STS-41-G_patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/STS-41-G_patch.png/90px-STS-41-G_patch.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="732" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-28-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sts-28-patch.png/45px-Sts-28-patch.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sts-28-patch.png/68px-Sts-28-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sts-28-patch.png/90px-Sts-28-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="2856" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-45-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sts-45-patch.png/45px-Sts-45-patch.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sts-45-patch.png/68px-Sts-45-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sts-45-patch.png/90px-Sts-45-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="2478" data-file-height="2513" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>David Cornell Leestma</b> (born May 6, 1949) is a former American <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a> and retired <a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Captain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_data">Personal data</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leestma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born May 6, 1949, in <a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon, Michigan</a>. He and his wife have six children. He enjoys <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leestma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Graduated from <a href="/wiki/Tustin_High_School" title="Tustin High School">Tustin High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tustin,_California" title="Tustin, California">Tustin, California</a>, in 1967; received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautical Engineering">Aeronautical Engineering</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a> in 1971, and a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a> in 1972. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leestma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Associate Fellow, <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics" title="American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics">American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a> (AIAA); Life Member, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Naval_Aviation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Naval Aviation (page does not exist)">Association of Naval Aviation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_honors">Special honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leestma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Special honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defense_Superior_Service_Medal" title="Defense Superior Service Medal">Defense Superior Service Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defense_Meritorious_Service_Medal" title="Defense Meritorious Service Medal">Defense Meritorious Service Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navy_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Commendation Medal">Navy Commendation Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navy_Achievement_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Achievement Medal">Navy Achievement Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Unit_Commendation" title="Meritorious Unit Commendation">Meritorious Unit Commendation</a> (VX-4), <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Service_Medal" title="National Defense Service Medal">National Defense Service Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_%22E%22_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle "E" Award">Battle "E" Award</a> (VF-32), the Rear Admiral Thurston James Award (1973), the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Space_Flight_Medal" title="NASA Space Flight Medal">NASA Space Flight Medal</a> (1984, 1989, 1992), the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Exceptional_Service_Medal" title="NASA Exceptional Service Medal">NASA Exceptional Service Medal</a> (1985, 1988, 1991, 1992), and the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Outstanding_Leadership_Medal" title="NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal">NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal</a> (1993, 1994). He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Rank_Awards" title="Presidential Rank Awards">Presidential Rank of Meritorious Executive Award</a> in 1998 and again in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Experience">Experience</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leestma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Experience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leestma joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Sea_Cadet_Corps" title="United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps">U.S Naval Sea Cadet Corps</a> in 8th grade.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leestma said that "[Sea Cadets] was my first experience with the military service and it appealed to me... [Sea Cadets] was the beginning of this journey with the Navy that has been a lifetime experience."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leestma graduated first in his class from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">U.S. Naval Academy</a> in 1971. As a <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a> afloat, he was assigned to <a href="/wiki/USS_Hepburn" title="USS Hepburn">USS <i>Hepburn</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a>, before reporting in January 1972 to the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. He completed <a href="/wiki/Naval_flight_officer" title="Naval flight officer">United States Naval Flight Officer training</a> and received his <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Naval_Flight_Officer_Wings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Naval Flight Officer Wings (page does not exist)">NFO wings</a> in October 1973. He was assigned to <a href="/wiki/VF-124" title="VF-124">VF-124</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>, for initial flight training in the <a href="/wiki/F-14_Tomcat" class="mw-redirect" title="F-14 Tomcat">F-14A Tomcat</a> and then transferred to <a href="/wiki/VFA-32" title="VFA-32">VF-32</a> in June 1974 and was stationed at <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a>. Leestma made three overseas deployments to the Mediterranean/North Atlantic areas while flying aboard the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CV-67)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)">USS <i>John F. Kennedy</i></a>. In 1977, he was reassigned to Air Test and Evaluation Squadron Four (<a href="/wiki/VX-4" title="VX-4">VX-4</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Point_Mugu" title="Naval Air Station Point Mugu">Naval Air Station Point Mugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. As an operational test director with the F-14A, he conducted the first operational testing of new tactical software for the F-14 and completed the follow-on test and evaluation of new F-14A avionics, including the programmable signal processor. He also served as fleet model manager for the F-14A tactical manual. </p><p>He has logged over 3,500 hours of flight time, including nearly 1,500 hours in the F-14A. Leestma retired from the Navy as a captain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NASA_experience">NASA experience</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leestma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: NASA experience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was selected by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> to become an astronaut in 1980 and was the first member of <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9" title="NASA Astronaut Group 9">NASA Astronaut Group 9</a> to go into space. Following his first flight, Leestma served as a capsule communicator (<a href="/wiki/CAPCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="CAPCOM">CAPCOM</a>) for <a href="/wiki/STS-51-C" title="STS-51-C">STS-51-C</a> through <a href="/wiki/STS-61-A" title="STS-61-A">STS-61-A</a>. He was then assigned as the Chief, Mission Development Branch, responsible for assessing the operational integration requirements of payloads that will fly aboard the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. From February 1990 to September 1991, when he started training for his third space mission, Leestma served as deputy director of Flight Crew Operations. Following this flight, he served as Deputy Chief and Acting <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief of the Astronaut Office</a>. Leestma was selected as the Director, Flight Crew Operations Directorate, in November 1992. As Director, FCOD, he had overall responsibility for the Astronaut Office and for <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> (JSC) Aircraft Operations. During his tenure as Director, 41 Shuttle flights and 7 <a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> missions were successfully flown. He was responsible for the selection of <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_15" title="NASA Astronaut Group 15">Astronaut Groups 15</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_16" title="NASA Astronaut Group 16">16</a> and <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_17" title="NASA Astronaut Group 17">17</a>. While director, he oversaw the requirements, development modifications of the <a href="/wiki/T-38_Talon" class="mw-redirect" title="T-38 Talon">T-38A</a> transition to the T-38N avionics upgrades. In September 1998, Leestma was reassigned as the deputy director, Engineering, in charge of the management of Johnson Space Center Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) Projects. In August 2001 he was assigned as the JSC Project Manager for the Space Launch Initiative, responsible for all JSC work related to the development of the new launch system. Leestma is currently serving as the Assistant Program Manager for the <a href="/wiki/Orbital_Space_Plane_Program" title="Orbital Space Plane Program">Orbital Space Plane Program</a>, responsible for the vehicle systems and operations of the new crewed vehicle that is to serve as the transfer vehicle for space flight crews to and from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. </p><p>A veteran of three space flights, Leestma has logged a total of 532.7 hours in space. He was a mission specialist on STS-41-G (October 5–13, 1984), STS-28 (August 8–13, 1989), and STS-45 (March 24 to April 2, 1992).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_flight_experience">Space flight experience</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leestma&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Space flight experience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger"><i>Challenger</i></a>, launched from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, on October 5, 1984. It was the sixth flight of the orbiter <i>Challenger</i> and the thirteenth flight of the Space Shuttle system. The seven-person crew also included two payload specialists: one from Canada, and one Navy <a href="/wiki/Oceanographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanographer">oceanographer</a>. During the mission, the crew deployed the ERBS satellite using the <a href="/wiki/Remote_Manipulator_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Manipulator System">Remote Manipulator System</a> (RMS), operated the OSTA-3 payload (including the <a href="/wiki/Spaceborne_Imaging_Radar" title="Spaceborne Imaging Radar">SIR-B</a> radar, FILE, and MAPS experiments) and the Large Format Camera (LFC), conducted a satellite refueling demonstration using <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">hydrazine</a> fuel with the Orbital Refueling System (ORS), and conducted numerous in-cabin experiments as well as activating eight "Getaway Special" canisters. Dave Leestma and <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_D._Sullivan" title="Kathryn D. Sullivan">Kathryn Sullivan</a> successfully conducted a 3½ hour extravehicular activity (EVA) to demonstrate the feasibility of actual satellite refueling.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/STS-28" title="STS-28">STS-28</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia"><i>Columbia</i></a>, launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 8, 1989. The mission carried <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 80 orbits of the Earth, this five-day mission concluded with a lakebed landing on Runway 17 at <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a>, California, on August 13, 1989. </p><p><a href="/wiki/STS-45" title="STS-45">STS-45</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a>, launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on March 24, 1992. During the nine-day mission, the crew operated the twelve experiments that constituted the ATLAS-1 (Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science) cargo. ATLAS-1 obtained a vast array of detailed measurements of atmospheric, chemical and physical properties, which will contribute significantly to improving our understanding of our climate and atmosphere. STS-45 landed on April 2, 1992, on Runway 33 at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, after completing 142 orbits of the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leestma&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWalker" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Finch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/local/2022/06/09/class-2022-inducted-into-u-s-astronaut-hall-fame-saturday-ksc/7558887001/">"Three veteran astronauts to be inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame on Saturday"</a>. <i>Florida Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Today&rft.atitle=Three+veteran+astronauts+to+be+inducted+into+the+U.S.+Astronaut+Hall+of+Fame+on+Saturday&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Finch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.floridatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2022%2F06%2F09%2Fclass-2022-inducted-into-u-s-astronaut-hall-fame-saturday-ksc%2F7558887001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Leestma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seacadetsdc.org/testimonials">"Testimonials"</a>. <i>SeaCadetsDC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sullivan"</a>. <i>airandspace.si.edu</i>. October 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=airandspace.si.edu&rft.atitle=America%27s+First+Spacewalking+Woman%3A+Kathryn+D.+Sullivan&rft.date=2014-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fairandspace.si.edu%2Fstories%2Feditorial%2Famericas-first-spacewalking-woman-kathryn-d-sullivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Leestma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacecoastdaily.com/2022/06/three-space-explorers-inducted-into-astronaut-hall-of-fame-at-nasas-kennedy-space-center-visitor-complex/">"Three Space Explorers Inducted into Astronaut Hall of Fame at NASA's Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex - Space Coast Daily"</a>. <i>spacecoastdaily.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spacecoastdaily.com&rft.atitle=Three+Space+Explorers+Inducted+into+Astronaut+Hall+of+Fame+at+NASA%27s+Kennedy+Space+Center+Visitor+Complex+-+Space+Coast+Daily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacecoastdaily.com%2F2022%2F06%2Fthree-space-explorers-inducted-into-astronaut-hall-of-fame-at-nasas-kennedy-space-center-visitor-complex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Leestma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/policies.html#Guidelines">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/leestma_david.pdf">"DAVID C. LEESTMA (CAPTAIN, U.S. NAVY, RET.) NASA ASTRONAUT (FORMER)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DAVID+C.+LEESTMA+%28CAPTAIN%2C+U.S.+NAVY%2C+RET.%29+NASA+ASTRONAUT+%28FORMER%29&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2014-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Fleestma_david.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Leestma" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leestma&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9_patch.png/20px-NASA_Astronaut_Group_9_patch.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9_patch.png/30px-NASA_Astronaut_Group_9_patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9_patch.png/40px-NASA_Astronaut_Group_9_patch.png 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1968" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">NASA Astronaut Group 8</a> ← NASA Astronaut Group 9 → <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_10" title="NASA Astronaut Group 10">NASA Astronaut Group 10</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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Blaha">John Blaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bolden" title="Charles Bolden">Charles Bolden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_D._Bridges_Jr." title="Roy D. Bridges Jr.">Roy Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Gardner_(astronaut)" title="Guy Gardner (astronaut)">Guy Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_J._Grabe" title="Ronald J. Grabe">Ronald Grabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_D._O%27Connor" title="Bryan D. O'Connor">Bryan O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Richards" title="Richard N. Richards">Richard N. Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith" title="Michael J. Smith">Michael J. Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mission specialists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Bagian" title="James P. Bagian">James Bagian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Chang-D%C3%ADaz" title="Franklin Chang-Díaz">Franklin Chang-Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Cleave" title="Mary L. Cleave">Mary Cleave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_J._Dunbar" title="Bonnie J. Dunbar">Bonnie Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Fisher" title="William Frederick Fisher">William Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Hilmers" title="David C. Hilmers">David Hilmers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Leestma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Lounge" title="John M. Lounge">John Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_L._Ross" title="Jerry L. Ross">Jerry Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_C._Spring" title="Sherwood C. Spring">Sherwood Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Springer" title="Robert C. Springer">Robert Springer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International mission specialists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Nicollier" title="Claude Nicollier">Claude Nicollier</a> (Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubbo_Ockels" title="Wubbo Ockels">Wubbo Ockels</a> (Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="NASA Astronaut Group 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_3" title="NASA Astronaut Group 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_4" title="NASA Astronaut Group 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_5" title="NASA Astronaut Group 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_6" title="NASA Astronaut Group 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_7" title="NASA Astronaut Group 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9" title="NASA Astronaut Group 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_10" title="NASA Astronaut Group 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_11" title="NASA Astronaut Group 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="NASA Astronaut Group 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_13" title="NASA Astronaut Group 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="NASA Astronaut Group 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_15" title="NASA Astronaut Group 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_16" title="NASA Astronaut Group 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_17" title="NASA Astronaut Group 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_18" title="NASA Astronaut Group 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_19" title="NASA Astronaut Group 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_20" title="NASA Astronaut Group 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_21" title="NASA Astronaut Group 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_23" title="NASA Astronaut Group 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_24" title="NASA Astronaut Group 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">List of astronauts by year of selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Astronaut ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_astronauts" title="List of United States Marine Corps astronauts">List of United States Marine Corps astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Space_Force_astronauts" title="List of United States Space Force astronauts">List of United States Space Force astronauts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">United States Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Allen" title="Joseph P. Allen">Joseph P. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Altman" title="Scott Altman">Scott Altman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bean" title="Alan Bean">Alan Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Blaha" title="John E. Blaha">John E. Blaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guion_Bluford" title="Guion Bluford">Guion Bluford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_J._Bobko" title="Karol J. Bobko">Karol J. Bobko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bolden" title="Charles Bolden">Charles Bolden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Bowersox" title="Ken Bowersox">Ken Bowersox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_D._Brand" title="Vance D. Brand">Vance D. Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brandenstein" title="Daniel Brandenstein">Daniel Brandenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_D._Bridges_Jr." title="Roy D. Bridges Jr.">Roy Bridges Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Brown" title="Curtis Brown">Curtis Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchli" title="James Buchli">James Buchli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Cabana" title="Robert D. Cabana">Robert D. Cabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter" title="Scott Carpenter">Scott Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Carr_(astronaut)" title="Gerald Carr (astronaut)">Gerald Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Cernan" title="Gene Cernan">Gene Cernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Chaffee" title="Roger B. Chaffee">Roger B. Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Chang-D%C3%ADaz" title="Franklin Chang-Díaz">Franklin Chang-Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_P._Chilton" title="Kevin P. Chilton">Kevin P. Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Coats" title="Michael Coats">Michael Coats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)" title="Michael Collins (astronaut)">Michael Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Conrad" title="Pete Conrad">Pete Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Cooper" title="Gordon Cooper">Gordon Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_O._Covey" title="Richard O. Covey">Richard O. Covey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crippen" title="Robert Crippen">Robert Crippen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_L._Culbertson_Jr." title="Frank L. Culbertson Jr.">Frank L. Culbertson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Cunningham" title="Walter Cunningham">Walter Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Duffy_(astronaut)" title="Brian Duffy (astronaut)">Brian Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duke" title="Charles Duke">Charles Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_J._Dunbar" title="Bonnie J. Dunbar">Bonnie J. Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn_F._Eisele" title="Donn F. Eisele">Donn F. Eisele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Engle" title="Joe Engle">Joe Engle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Evans_(astronaut)" title="Ronald Evans (astronaut)">Ronald Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ferguson" title="Christopher Ferguson">Christopher Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foale" title="Michael Foale">Michael Foale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Gordon_Fullerton" title="C. Gordon Fullerton">C. Gordon Fullerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Garriott" title="Owen Garriott">Owen Garriott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibson" title="Edward Gibson">Edward Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Gibson" title="Robert L. Gibson">Robert L. Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Gordon_Jr." title="Richard F. Gordon Jr.">Richard F. Gordon Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Gregory" title="Frederick D. Gregory">Frederick D. Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Grissom" title="Gus Grissom">Gus Grissom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Grunsfeld" title="John M. Grunsfeld">John M. Grunsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Haise" title="Fred Haise">Fred Haise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hartsfield" title="Henry Hartsfield">Henry Hartsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hauck" title="Frederick Hauck">Frederick Hauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Hawley" title="Steven Hawley">Steven Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Helms" title="Susan Helms">Susan Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Hilmers" title="David C. Hilmers">David C. Hilmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Hoffman" title="Jeffrey A. Hoffman">Jeffrey A. Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">James Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Ivins" title="Marsha Ivins">Marsha Ivins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_David_Jones" title="Thomas David Jones">Thomas David Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_L._Kavandi" title="Janet L. Kavandi">Janet L. Kavandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Kelly" title="Mark Kelly">Mark Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)" title="Scott Kelly (astronaut)">Scott Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kerwin" title="Joseph P. Kerwin">Joseph P. Kerwin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Leestma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Lindsey" title="Steven Lindsey">Steven Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L%C3%B3pez-Alegr%C3%ADa" title="Michael López-Alegría">Michael López-Alegría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_R._Lousma" title="Jack R. Lousma">Jack Lousma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Magnus" title="Sandra Magnus">Sandra Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Mattingly" title="Ken Mattingly">Ken Mattingly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_McCandless_II" title="Bruce McCandless II">Bruce McCandless II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt">James McDivitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Melroy" title="Pamela Melroy">Pamela Melroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mitchell" title="Edgar Mitchell">Edgar Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_Musgrave" title="Story Musgrave">Story Musgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nelson_(astronaut)" title="George Nelson (astronaut)">George Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Ochoa" title="Ellen Ochoa">Ellen Ochoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_D._O%27Connor" title="Bryan D. O'Connor">Bryan D. O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_E._Parazynski" title="Scott E. Parazynski">Scott E. Parazynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pogue" title="William Pogue">William Pogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Precourt" title="Charles J. Precourt">Charles J. Precourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Rominger" title="Kent Rominger">Kent Rominger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Roosa" title="Stuart Roosa">Stuart Roosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_L._Ross" title="Jerry L. Ross">Jerry L. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Schirra" title="Wally Schirra">Wally Schirra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty_Schweickart" title="Rusty Schweickart">Rusty Schweickart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Dick Scobee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_Seddon" title="Rhea Seddon">Rhea Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_H._Shaw" title="Brewster H. Shaw">Brewster H. Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shepherd" title="William Shepherd">William Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Shriver" title="Loren Shriver">Loren Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Deke Slayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Thomas P. Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_D._Sullivan" title="Kathryn D. Sullivan">Kathryn D. Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Swigert" title="Jack Swigert">Jack Swigert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thagard" title="Norman Thagard">Norman Thagard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_C._Thornton" title="Kathryn C. Thornton">Kathryn C. Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Truly" title="Richard H. Truly">Richard H. Truly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Weitz" title="Paul J. Weitz">Paul J. Weitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wetherbee" title="Jim Wetherbee">Jim Wetherbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Worden" title="Alfred Worden">Alfred Worden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">John Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Visitor_Complex" title="Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex">Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronaut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img 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