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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purchase_by_Claris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purchase_by_Claris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Purchase by Claris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purchase_by_Claris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_updates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_updates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Later updates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_updates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FileMaker_Cloud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FileMaker_Cloud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>FileMaker Cloud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FileMaker_Cloud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linux_and_Docker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linux_and_Docker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Linux and Docker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linux_and_Docker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Version history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internationalization_and_localization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internationalization_and_localization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Internationalization and localization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internationalization_and_localization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scripting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scripting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scripting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scripting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scripting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scripting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dynamic_Markup_Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynamic_Markup_Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dynamic Markup Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynamic_Markup_Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SQL_and_ODBC_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SQL_and_ODBC_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>SQL and ODBC support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SQL_and_ODBC_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">FileMaker</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="فایل‌میکر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فایل‌میکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker_Pro" title="FileMaker Pro – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="FileMaker Pro" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A4" title="파일메이커 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파일메이커" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filemaker" title="Filemaker – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filemaker" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker_Pro" title="FileMaker Pro – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="FileMaker Pro" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filemaker" title="Filemaker – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filemaker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="FileMaker" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q832312#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/FileMaker" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:FileMaker" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/FileMaker"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/FileMaker"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/FileMaker" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/FileMaker" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&oldid=1258406104" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=FileMaker&id=1258406104&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFileMaker"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFileMaker"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=FileMaker&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q832312" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Database management system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/FileMaker_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="FileMaker Inc.">FileMaker Inc.</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22FileMaker%22">"FileMaker"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22FileMaker%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22FileMaker%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22FileMaker%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22FileMaker%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22FileMaker%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">FileMaker</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris International Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1985<span class="noprint">; 39 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1985-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">21.0.1.53 ('FileMaker 2024') / June 2024<span class="noprint">; 5 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-06</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>Pro</b>:</li><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> (<a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14.2.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13.6.3</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12.7.2</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">10</a> Enterprise or Pro) <a href="/wiki/X64" class="mw-redirect" title="X64">x64</a></li><li><b>Go</b>:</li><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">iOS 16</a>.7+</li><li><b>Server</b>:</li><li>macOS (14.2.1, 13.6.3, 12.7.2)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server" title="Windows Server">Windows Server</a> (<a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2022" title="Windows Server 2022">2022</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2019" title="Windows Server 2019">2019</a>) Data Center and Standard Editions</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> 22.04 (<a href="/wiki/ARM64" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM64">ARM64</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMD64" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD64">AMD64</a>), 20.04</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database management system">Database management system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.claris.com/filemaker/">www<wbr />.claris<wbr />.com<wbr />/filemaker<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>FileMaker</b> is a cross-platform <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational database</a> application developed by <a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris International</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> It integrates a <a href="/wiki/Database_engine" title="Database engine">database engine</a> with a graphical user interface (<a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a>) and security features, allowing users to visually modify a database. Versions for desktops, servers, iOS, and web-delivery have been released. </p><p>The desktop app is based on a DOS application originally named <i>FileMaker</i>, which was then developed primarily for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh">Apple Macintosh</a> and released in April 1985. It was rebranded as <i>FileMaker Pro</i> in 1990. Since 1992 it has been available for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and for the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, and has cross-platform capabilities. </p><p><i>FileMaker Go</i>, the mobile app, was released for <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> devices in July 2010. </p><p><i>FileMaker Server</i> allows centralized hosting of apps which can be used on both the desktop and mobile apps. A cloud variant, named <i>FileMaker Cloud</i>, is hosted by <a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FileMaker began as an <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer program</a> named Nutshell, developed by Nashoba Systems of <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord, Massachusetts</a> in the early 1980s. Nutshell was distributed by <a href="/wiki/Leading_Edge_Hardware_Products" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading Edge Hardware Products">Leading Edge</a>, an electronics marketing company that had recently started selling <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a>-compatible computers.<sup id="cite_ref-dancing_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dancing-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the introduction of the Macintosh, Nashoba combined the basic data engine with a new forms-based <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI). Leading Edge was not interested in newer versions, preferring to remain a DOS-only vendor, and kept the Nutshell name. Nashoba found another distributor, <a href="/wiki/Forethought_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forethought (company)">Forethought Inc.</a>, and introduced the program on the Macintosh platform as FileMaker in April 1985. When Apple introduced the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Macintosh Plus</a> in 1986, the next version of FileMaker was named FileMaker Plus to reflect the new model's name. </p><p>In mid-1987 Forethought was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> for the former's <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a> software. Microsoft expected to continue distributing FileMaker and deprioritize the competing Microsoft File,<sup id="cite_ref-keefe19870803_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keefe19870803-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Nashoba decided to self-publish the next version, FileMaker 4.<sup id="cite_ref-dancing_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dancing-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purchase_by_Claris">Purchase by Claris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Purchase by Claris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after FileMaker 4's release, Apple Computer formed <a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a>, a wholly owned subsidiary, to market software. <a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a> purchased Nashoba to round out its software suite. By that point, Leading Edge and Nutshell had faded from the marketplace because of competition from other DOS- and later Windows-based database products. FileMaker continued to succeed on the Macintosh platform. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a> changed the product's name to FileMaker II to conform to its naming scheme for other products, such as <a href="/wiki/MacWrite" title="MacWrite">MacWrite</a> II, but the product changed little from the last Nashoba version, with several minor versions following. </p><p>In 1990, the product was released as FileMaker Pro 1.0, and in September 1992, <a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a> released a cross-platform version for both the <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>. Except for a few platform-specific functions, the program's features and user interface remained the same. </p><p>By 1995, FileMaker Pro was the only well-performing product in Claris's lineup. In 1998, Apple moved development of some of the other Claris products in-house, dropped most of the rest, and changed Claris's name to FileMaker Inc., followed by a concentrated development of FileMaker alone. </p><p>In 2020, FileMaker International Inc. changed its name (back) to Claris International Inc. and announced the Claris Connect workflow software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_updates">Later updates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later updates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Version 4.0, introduced in 1997, added a plug-in architecture much like that of <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a>, which enabled third-party developers to add features to FileMaker. A bundled plug-in, the Web Companion, allowed the database to act as a web server. Other plug-ins added features to the interface and enabled FileMaker to serve as an <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a> client, perform external file operations, and send messages to remote FileMaker files over the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Intranet" title="Intranet">intranet</a>. </p><p>Version 5 introduced a new file format, which came with the file extension .fp5. </p><p>Version 7, released in 2004, introduced a new file format with the extension .fp7, supporting file sizes up to 8 terabytes (an increase from the 2 gigabytes allowed in previous versions). Individual fields could hold up to 4 gigabytes of binary data (container fields) or 2 gigabytes of 2-byte <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> text per record (up from 64 kilobytes in previous versions). FileMaker's relational model was also expanded, offering multiple tables per file and a graphical relationship editor that displayed and allowed manipulation of related tables in a manner that resembled the <a href="/wiki/Entity-relationship_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Entity-relationship model">entity-relationship diagram</a> format. Accompanying these important changes, FileMaker Inc. also introduced a developer certification program. </p><p>In 2005 FileMaker Inc. announced the FileMaker 8 product family, which offered developers an expanded feature set. These included a tabbed interface, script variables, <a href="/wiki/Tooltip" title="Tooltip">tooltips</a>, enhanced debugging, custom menus, and the ability to copy and paste entire tables and field definitions, scripts, and script steps within and between files. Version 8.5, released in 2006, added an integrated web viewer (with the ability to view such things as shipment tracking information from FedEx and Wikipedia entries) and named layout objects. </p><p>FileMaker 9, released on July 10, 2007, introduced a quick-start screen, conditional formatting, fluid layout auto-resizing, hyperlinked pointers into databases, and external <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> links. FileMaker 10 was released on January 5, 2009, before that year's <a href="/wiki/Macworld_Conference_%26_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld Conference & Expo">Macworld Conference & Expo</a>, and offered scripts that can be triggered by user actions and a redesigned user interface similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">Mac OS X Leopard</a> (10.5) applications. </p><p>FileMaker 11, released on March 9, 2010, introduced charting, which was further streamlined in FileMaker 12, released April 4, 2012. That version also added themes, more database templates (so-called 'starter solutions') and simplified creation of <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> databases. FileMaker Go 11 (July 20, 2010) and FileMaker Go 12 for iPhone and iPad (April 4, 2012) allowed only the creation, modification, and deletion of records on these handheld devices, whereas design and schema changes had to be made within the full FileMaker Pro application. FileMaker Go 12 brought with it multitasking, improved media integration, export of data to multiple formats and enhanced container fields. </p><p>FileMaker 13, released after the launches of <a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">iOS 7</a> and <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">OS X Mavericks</a> (10.9), first shipped in December 2013. The client and server products were enhanced to support more mobile and web methods of data access. FileMaker Go 13, the parallel iPad–iPhone product, became a single client for both devices, and the Server Admin tool now ran in <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, no longer requiring a <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> app. </p><p>The FileMaker 14 platform released on May 15, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It included FileMaker Pro 14, FileMaker Pro 14 Advanced, FileMaker Server 14 and FileMaker Go 14. This was followed by version 15 in May 2016 and version 16 in May 2017; both including equivalent Pro, Pro Advanced, Server and Go versions. </p><p>In late 2016, FileMaker began annually publicizing a software roadmap of incoming features already being worked on, as well as identifying features they are moving away from or may deprecate in the near future.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>FileMaker Inc. had always had a hard time describing what FileMaker software was, because it covered a plethora of ground unrelated to databases; user interface, security, rapid application development tools, etc. At their annual developers conference in August 2018, FileMaker Inc. initiated a new marketing program called "Workplace Innovation Platform" to address the problem of its self-described software category.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FileMaker_Cloud">FileMaker Cloud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: FileMaker Cloud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 27, 2016, FileMaker Cloud was introduced, including a Linux server (<a href="/wiki/CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a>), which was offered exclusively through the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Marketplace" title="Amazon Marketplace">Amazon Marketplace</a>. In November 2019, FileMaker Cloud was reintroduced as a <a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">software as a service</a> product offered directly from Claris for FileMaker Pro 18.0.3, using the FileMaker Server Cloud 2.18 service on Amazon servers. Despite this, it was managed by Claris instead of through the Amazon Marketplace, and made use of the new FileMaker ID authentication. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linux_and_Docker">Linux and Docker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Linux and Docker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2020, Claris released a Linux version of FileMaker Server, first on <a href="/wiki/CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a> (19.1) then on <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> (19.2). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Version_history">Version history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Version history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:70px;" data-sort-type="date">Date </th> <th style="width:200px;">Version </th> <th style="width:70px;">File Ext </th> <th>Comment<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1985–04</td> <td>FileMaker v1.0</td> <td>.fp</td> <td>Published by Forethought Inc. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986–08</td> <td>FileMaker Plus</td> <td>.fp</td> <td>Published by Forethought Inc. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988–06</td> <td>FileMaker 4</td> <td>.fp</td> <td>Published by Nashoba Systems </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988–08</td> <td>FileMaker II</td> <td>.fp</td> <td>First version to be published by Claris Corporation </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990–10</td> <td>FileMaker Pro</td> <td>.fp</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992–10</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 2</td> <td>.fp</td> <td>Windows version added </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993–08</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 2.1</td> <td>.fp</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994–07</td> <td>FileMaker Pro Server 2</td> <td>.fp</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995–12</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 3</td> <td>.fp3</td> <td>Relational architecture, <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a> networking introduced </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996–01</td> <td>FileMaker Pro Server 3</td> <td>.fp3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997–09</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 4</td> <td>.fp4</td> <td>Plug-in architecture introduced </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998–05</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 4 Developer Edition</td> <td>.fp4</td> <td>Last version to be published by Claris. Aimed at expert/professional FileMaker users. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999–06</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 4.1v2</td> <td>.fp4</td> <td>First version to be published by FileMaker, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999–09</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 5</td> <td>.fp5</td> <td>Introduced a new file format (file extension .fp5) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999–11</td> <td>FileMaker Server 5</td> <td>.fp5</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001–04</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 5.5</td> <td>.fp5</td> <td>Native support for <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a>, Windows 2000, Windows 95/98 and ME. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001–07</td> <td>FileMaker Server 5.5</td> <td>.fp5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">Mac OS X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8.6</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat Linux</a>. LDAP Support. Red Hat was short–lived and dropped support in the next version. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002–09</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 6*</td> <td>.fp6</td> <td>Last version to support Mac OS 8 and 9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004–03</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 7</td> <td>.fp7</td> <td>Multiple tables/file architecture introduced;<br />multiple windows; relationships graph; calc variables;<br />Improved security with individual accounts and passwords;<br />introduced new file format .fp7; Mac version requires Mac OS X. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005–08</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 8*</td> <td>.fp7</td> <td>Scriptable creation of <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> reports;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> script variables; tabs on layouts </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006–01</td> <td>FileMaker Mobile 8</td> <td></td> <td>FileMaker Mobile line discontinued </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006–07</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 8.5*</td> <td>.fp7</td> <td>Mac OS X Universal Binary support, embedded browser (Web Viewer), object names </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007–07</td> <td>FileMaker Pro/Server 9*</td> <td>.fp7</td> <td>Native support for the SQL databases MS SQL Server, MySQL, and Oracle. Conditional formatting </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009–01</td> <td>FileMaker Pro/Server 10*</td> <td>.fp7</td> <td>Status area now horizontal; script triggering </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010–03</td> <td>FileMaker Pro/Server 11*</td> <td>.fp7</td> <td>Charts, snapshot link, filtered portals, and recurring imports </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010–07</td> <td>FileMaker Go 1.0</td> <td></td> <td>FileMaker for <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010–09</td> <td>FileMaker Go 1.1</td> <td></td> <td>PDF creation, photo support, import from FileMaker Pro </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011–04</td> <td>FileMaker Go 1.2</td> <td></td> <td>Printing, signature capture, charts, enhanced PDF creation </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011–09</td> <td>FileMaker Pro/Advanced 11.0v4*</td> <td>.fp7</td> <td>Lion compatibility, fully implemented by October 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2012–04</td> <td>FileMaker Pro/Advanced 12</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Integrated themes (Pro/iOS); floating and modal windows;<br />execute SQL; enhanced container field; improved charting; introduced new file format .fmp12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Server 12</td> <td></td> <td>64-bit, faster WAN, progressive backups, rewritten web publishing engine, support for external container storage in files outside of the database </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Go 12</td> <td></td> <td>iOS client is now free. Supports the .fmp12 file format. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2013–12</td> <td>FileMaker Pro/Advanced 13</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>WebDirect and HTML5 features; better mobile app development;<br />enhanced GUI design tools, themes, and behaviors; more dynamic data refreshing, "Hide object when..." layout object option based on calculation, encryption at rest (EAR 256bit AES) data protection, new summary list feature, enhanced ExecuteSQL expressions, perform script on server script step, 256bit SSL client server connection </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Go 13</td> <td></td> <td>Free universal client for iPhones and iPads supports iOS 6 and iOS 7. Supports barcode scanning from the camera. </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Server 13</td> <td></td> <td>FileMaker WebDirect, Perform Script on Server, Platform Security; new HTML5 Admin Console replaced the need for Java </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2015–05</td> <td>FileMaker Pro/Advanced 14</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Script workspace, Button bar, Tooltips in layout mode, Launch Center </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Server 14</td> <td></td> <td>Standby server, FileMaker Pro auto-reconnect, WebDirect support for Android </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Go 14</td> <td></td> <td>Improved signature capture, iOS 8-style interface, Video/audio controls, Keyboard control, Rich editing </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2016–05</td> <td>FileMaker Pro/Advanced 15</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>In-Product Updates, Portal In-line Progress Bar, Concealed Edit Box, Script Workspace highlighting and unlimited undo </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Server 15</td> <td></td> <td>External SQL Support extended to DB2 and PostgreSQL, SSL Certificate installation made easier, eliminated shared hosting, Licensing for Teams </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Go 15</td> <td></td> <td>iOS SDK, Touch ID and 3D Touch, App Extensions and iBeacons </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016–09</td> <td>FileMaker Cloud 1.0</td> <td></td> <td>FileMaker Server via Amazon Web Services (AWS) running on CentOS Linux </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2017–05</td> <td>FileMaker Pro/Advanced 16</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Layout Objects window (control layers in layouts), Cards feature (better control of prompts), cURL support added for "Insert from URL" function (HTTP/S methods such as POST/GET), JSON text manipulation functions, data viewer auto calc </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Server 16</td> <td></td> <td>REST-based FileMaker Data API, WebDirect browser support scalability up to 500 concurrent users, PDF generation on server and WebDirect, OAuth 2.0 support (Amazon, Google, Microsoft) at the Security layer </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Go 16</td> <td></td> <td>Enhanced signature capture, geofence, plugin compatibility, animations, and transitions </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2018–05</td> <td>FileMaker Pro Advanced 17</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>No more FileMaker Pro without Advanced tools, Pre-made add-on tables to templates, Layout modification tool improvements, sensor support (barometer, GPS etc.), Self-Lookup table for Master-detail layouts, multiple email attachments, new data migration tool (separate application). </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Server 17</td> <td></td> <td>redesigned server admin console with dashboard, new Admin API, new Data API completely re-written from v16. </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Go 17</td> <td></td> <td>FileMaker Go push notifications, auto-complete, drag and drop, improved iOS app SDK </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2019-05-22</td> <td>FileMaker Pro Advanced 18</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>New user interface for importing data, open specific app at launch, file-based script steps, script error logging, while calculation function, SetRecursion calculation function, new managed security access privilege, new manage security dialog box, plug-in security enhancements, default file access protection. </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Server 18</td> <td></td> <td>Page-Level Locking enables multiple simultaneous read operations on the same file, Startup Restoration automatically restores files after a crash, FileMaker Server Admin Console enhancements, server monitoring enhancements, FileMaker Data API enhancements, FileMaker Admin API is now standard, Spanish language support. Page-level locking can be enabled or disabled only together with startup restoration. </td></tr> <tr> <td>FileMaker Go 18</td> <td></td> <td>Open specific app at launch, append to existing PDF, enhanced barcode support. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020-05-20 </td> <td>FileMaker 19 (Pro, Server, Go) </td> <td>.fmp12 </td> <td>JavaScript WebViewer Integration, FileMaker Add-Ons (including JavaScript), supports Apple's Dark/Light modes, Configure Machine Learning Models using CoreML, NFC scanning support, Siri Shortcuts, Card Windows now supported in WebDirect, Claris Marketplace, Print Page Numbers, Solution Upgrade Tool, At Start Open File, Minimum version requirement on live hosted files, Claris ID can automatically be logged in each time, Convert to/from FileMaker Paths, On-premise Server on CentOS, in addition, to already supported Windows Server & macOS, and Dates support Common Era formatting. No longer supports Runtimes, 32-bit apps, or Windows 7. Startup Restoration and page-level locking remain but are disabled by default probably because of a lot of problems in version 18 with it. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020-10-28</td> <td>FileMaker Server 19 for Linux, 19.1.2 stability update</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>First production release of FileMaker Server on standalone Linux since the short-lived v5.5 in 2001. The referenced Linux is CentOS Linux 7.8. Standalone Linux Server v19 can be hosted in the cloud and will replace FileMaker Cloud for AWS (formerly FileMaker Cloud 1.x) which goes End of Life on Jan. 1, 2022. Note that FileMaker Cloud is an entirely different product. FileMaker Server 19.1.2 replaces page-level locking and startup restoration features with a much more stable shared lock mechanism. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 19.1.2</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>JavaScript Enabled Add-Ons, Preview improvements, AD FS support, Get(SystemLocaleElements), Get(FileLocaleElements), improved communication between JavaScript in Webview and FileMaker scripting. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020-10</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 19.1.3</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>New options for FMP URLs </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020-12</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 19.2.1</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Plugin control improvements </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021-03</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 19.2.2</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Preview Enhancements, Get(InstalledFMPPluginsAsJSON), Security improvements </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021-07</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 19.3.2</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Improved Microsoft Edge WebView2 control and few other bug fixes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021-11</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 19.4.1</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Shortcuts for Siri voice commands, Customizable OAuth identity provider support, new session identifier, Faster SQL queries, FileMaker_BaseTableFields, Data API improvements </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021-12</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 19.4.2</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>SSL certificate improvements and some general bug fixes. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022-05</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 19.5.1</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Security improvements and OpenSSL upgraded to 1.1.1n, some JSON function updates and ReadQRCode function, improved Save a copy as XML, tab order works pasting layouts as expected, performance improvements, some GUI improvements. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022-07</td> <td>FileMaker Pro and Server 19.5.2 released</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Improved Replace Field Contents, Quote function modified to handle line feeds same as carriage returns. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022-08</td> <td>FileMaker Pro 19.5.3 released</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Open SSL upgraded to version 1.1.q. and some bug fixes. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022-09</td> <td>FileMaker Pro and Server 19.5.4 released</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Quick start removed, in-product notifications </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022-12</td> <td>FileMaker Pro and Server 19.6.1 released</td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>Script Transactions, Support Sign in with Apple, Clean up cache files from Preferences dialog, Set User Directory script step, Get ( CurrentTimeUTCMicroseconds ) calculation function, Add-on creation from Layout object tree, Controls the enablement of context menu within the interactive container fields, Administrator roles, Log viewer improvements, Supports a second additional database folder, Support Clone Only backup option to clone the database, Restrict access to Admin Console from specified IP addresses, Admin API improvements, WebDirect CSS layout caching, and list view behavior improvements, NodeJS upgrade to version 16.16, OpenSSL upgrade to version 3.0.7, ChartDirector upgrade to version 7. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023-04-25</td> <td>Claris FileMaker 2023 (20)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>OnWindowTransaction trigger, Send Mail OAuth 2.0, PSOS with Callback </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024-06-04</td> <td>Claris FileMaker 2024 (21)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>.fmp12</td> <td>New AI Script Steps, Configure Local Notifications in FileMaker Pro, WebRTC for Web Viewers, PSOS Callback State Option, Execute Data API Write Operations, Open Quickly Improvements </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>* (*) indicates both FileMaker Pro/FileMaker Pro Advanced (Developer Edition in v4-6) or FileMaker Server/FileMaker Server Advanced</small> </p><p>FileMaker files are compatible between Mac and Windows. File type extensions are: </p> <ul><li>.fm since FileMaker Pro 2.0</li> <li>.fp3 since FileMaker Pro 3.0</li> <li>.fp5 since FileMaker Pro 5.0 (including 5, 5.5, 6.0)</li> <li>.fp7 since FileMaker Pro 7.0 (including 7, 8, 8.5, 9, 10, 11 and FileMaker Go 1.0)</li> <li>.fmp12 since FileMaker Pro 12 (including 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, FileMaker 2023, and FileMaker 2024)</li></ul> <p>Self-running applications (<i>runtime</i>, <i>kiosk mode</i>) are platform-specific only. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internationalization_and_localization">Internationalization and localization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Internationalization and localization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FileMaker is available in worldwide English, Simplified Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. </p><p>There are also specific versions of FileMaker for users of Central European, Indian and Middle Eastern languages. These versions offer spellchecking, data entry, sorting and printing options for languages of the respective region. They also contain localized templates and localized instant web publishing. </p><p>The Central European version FileMaker includes English, Russian, Polish, Czech and Turkish interfaces. There are customized templates for Russian, Polish, Czech, Turkish. In addition Russian, Greek, Estonian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Serbian, Bulgarian and Hungarian are supported to varying degrees. </p><p>The version intended for Southeast Asian languages has only an English user interface, but supports Indic-language data entry, sorting and indexing in Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Panjabi, Gujarati, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. </p><p>Similarly, the Middle Eastern version has only English and French user interfaces, but with its option to change the <a href="/wiki/Bi-directional_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-directional text">text direction</a> to <a href="/wiki/Right-to-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-to-left">right-to-left</a>, it does support Arabic and Hebrew data entry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scripting">Scripting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scripting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filemaker_script.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Filemaker_script.png/330px-Filemaker_script.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Filemaker_script.png/495px-Filemaker_script.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Filemaker_script.png/660px-Filemaker_script.png 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>A simple FileMaker script that flags duplicate entries in a list of names</figcaption></figure> <p>FileMaker Pro and FileMaker Pro Advanced include <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting</a> capabilities and many built-in <a href="/wiki/Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">functions</a> for automation of common tasks and complex calculations. Numerous steps are available for navigation, conditional execution of script steps, editing records, and other utilities. FileMaker Pro Advanced provides a script debugger which allows the developer to set break points, monitor data values and step through script lines. </p><p>FileMaker 13 introduced a script that more deeply queries container field document metadata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynamic_Markup_Language">Dynamic Markup Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dynamic Markup Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The FileMaker Dynamic Markup Language or FDML was a markup language used in the earlier versions of FileMaker introduced in 1998. FDML is also often referred to as <i>Claris Dynamic Markup Language</i> or <i>CDML</i>, named after its former company <a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a>. FDML was an extension of HTML that used special tags, such as <code>[FMP-Record][/FMP-Record]</code> to display FileMaker data on Web pages. FileMaker officially dropped support for FDML in 2004.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SQL_and_ODBC_support">SQL and ODBC support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: SQL and ODBC support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since version 9, FileMaker has had the ability to connect to a number of SQL databases without resorting to using SQL, including <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">SQL Server</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle</a>. This requires installation of the SQL database ODBC driver (in many cases a third-party license per client driver) to connect to a SQL database. Through Extended SQL Services (ESS), SQL databases can be used as data sources in FileMaker's relationship graph, thus allowing the developer to create new layouts based on the SQL database; create, edit, and delete SQL records via FileMaker layouts and functions; and reference SQL fields in FileMaker calculations and script steps. It is a cross-platform relational database application. </p><p>Versions from FileMaker Pro 5.5 onwards also have an <a href="/wiki/ODBC" class="mw-redirect" title="ODBC">ODBC</a> interface. </p><p>FileMaker 12 introduced a new function, ExecuteSQL, which allows the user to perform an SQL query against the FileMaker database to retrieve data, but does not allow data modification or deletion, or schema changes.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>FileMaker allows non-numeric characters to be stored in its "numeric" field type unless the field is specifically marked as strictly "numeric". </p><p>Through a third party, Actual Technologies, FileMaker 15 and forward, also, support ODBC connectivity to IBM I 7.3 (AS/400), IBM Db2 11.1, and PostgreSQL 9.6.12. Using the Actual Adapter, these ODBC connections can also make ESS connections and be used as sources in the Relationship Graph. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Integration">Integration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/FileMaker" title="Special:EditPage/FileMaker">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>FileMaker 16 provides integrations via cURL, JSON, REST-based FileMaker Data API support. Tableau Web Data Connector is offered to visualize FileMaker data. The REST-based API license is a free trial that expired September 27, 2018. FileMaker 17 offers a permanent REST-based Data API. Standard licensing include 2 GB of outbound data per user per month. Container data does not count towards this limit, and inbound Data API data transfer is unlimited. FileMaker 19 for Linux and FileMaker Cloud provide a <a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">OData</a> gateway, allowing JSON and XML output (<a href="/wiki/Atom_(Web_standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (Web standard)">Atom</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Julio_Torres" title="Julio Torres">Julio Torres</a>'s 2023 film <i><a href="/wiki/Problemista" title="Problemista">Problemista</a></i>, a major story element is the insistence by the character Elizabeth (<a href="/wiki/Tilda_Swinton" title="Tilda Swinton">Tilda Swinton</a>) that her husband's art be catalogued using FileMaker Pro, "the Cadillac of archival software," and her refusal to consider alternatives like <a href="/wiki/Google_Sheets" title="Google Sheets">Google Sheets</a>. The character Alejandro (Torres) falsely claims familiarity with FileMaker Pro with the hope that Elizabeth will sponsor his <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Visa policy of the United States">work visa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bento_(database)" title="Bento (database)">Bento</a>, a simplified personal database application from FileMaker Inc. (discontinued mid-2013)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FileMaker&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dancing-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dancing_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dancing_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlenn_Koenig2015" class="citation web cs1">Glenn Koenig (August 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dancing-data.com/history-of-filemaker.html">"The Origin of FileMaker"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+FileMaker&rft.date=2015-08-07&rft.au=Glenn+Koenig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dancing-data.com%2Fhistory-of-filemaker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFileMaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.briandunning.com/browse/browse0399.shtml">"Nashoba Systems and the Early Days of FileMaker Pro"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Briandunning.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Briandunning.com">Briandunning.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Microsoft+buys+Forethought&rft.pages=81&rft.date=1987-08-03&rft.aulast=Keefe&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoNqVCaMq9mUC%26lpg%3DPP101%26pg%3DPP101%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFileMaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.claris.com/s/article/FileMaker-Pro-operating-system-requirements-all-versions-1503692917754">"FileMaker Release History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Claris&rft.atitle=FileMaker+Pro+Release+Notes&rft.date=2023-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.claris.com%2Fen%2Fpro-release-notes%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFileMaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.claris.com/en/pro-release-notes/content/">"FileMaker Pro Release Notes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a></i>. June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Claris&rft.atitle=FileMaker+Pro+Release+Notes&rft.date=2024-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.claris.com%2Fen%2Fpro-release-notes%2Fcontent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFileMaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fmhelp.filemaker.com/help/12/fmp/en/html/func_ref3.33.6.html">"ExecuteSQL"</a>. Filemaker.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ExecuteSQL&rft.pub=Filemaker.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffmhelp.filemaker.com%2Fhelp%2F12%2Ffmp%2Fen%2Fhtml%2Ffunc_ref3.33.6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFileMaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="problemistarollingstone" class="citation magazine cs1">Fear, David (March 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-reviews/problemista-review-tilda-swinton-julio-torres-1234975447/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Problemista' Reminds You Why Tilda Swinton Is God"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=%27Problemista%27+Reminds+You+Why+Tilda+Swinton+Is+God&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.aulast=Fear&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Ftv-movies%2Ftv-movie-reviews%2Fproblemista-review-tilda-swinton-julio-torres-1234975447%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFileMaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="problemistanpr" class="citation news cs1">Martínez, A (March 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/03/04/1235731896/the-new-film-problemista-follows-the-issues-of-a-man-trying-not-to-lose-his-visa">"The new film 'Problemista' follows the issues of a man trying not to lose his visa"</a>. <i>Morning Edition</i>. 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title="Apple Media Tool">Apple Media Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Qmaster" title="Apple Qmaster">Apple Qmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_(software)" title="Color (software)">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Studio_Pro" title="DVD Studio Pro">DVD Studio Pro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">FileMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro" title="Final Cut Pro">Final Cut Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(software)" title="Motion (software)">Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor_(software)" title="Compressor (software)">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Studio" title="Final Cut Studio">Final Cut Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Tools" title="Cinema Tools">Cinema Tools</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_Studio" title="Logic Studio">Logic Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_Pro" title="Logic Pro">Logic Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacProject" title="MacProject">MacProject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacTerminal" title="MacTerminal">MacTerminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MainStage_(software)" title="MainStage (software)">MainStage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shake_(software)" title="Shake (software)">Shake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundtrack_Pro" title="Soundtrack Pro">Soundtrack Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classroom_(Apple)" title="Classroom (Apple)">Classroom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bundled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleWorks" title="AppleWorks">AppleWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li> <li><a 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title="MobileMe">.Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashcode" title="Dashcode">Dashcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAd_Producer" title="IAd Producer">iAd Producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWeb" title="IWeb">iWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_macOS_built-in_apps#AirPort_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="List of macOS built-in apps">AirPort Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleWorks" title="AppleWorks">AppleWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonjour_(software)" title="Bonjour (software)">Bonjour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Camp_(software)" title="Boot Camp (software)">Boot Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_macOS_built-in_apps#Software_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="List of macOS built-in apps">Software Update</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_II_application_software" title="List of Apple II application software">List of Apple II application software</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_software" title="List of Mac software">List of Mac software</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_old_Macintosh_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of old Macintosh software">List of old Macintosh software</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_Inc." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_Inc." title="Template talk:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_Inc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Apple_Inc." title="Outline of Apple Inc.">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_practices_of_Apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental practices of Apple">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_of_Apple_Inc." title="Marketing of Apple Inc.">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_supply_chain" title="Apple supply chain">Supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._products" title="Category:Apple Inc. products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._hardware" title="Category:Apple Inc. hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">Pro</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">Classic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">Mini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">Nano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">Touch</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_hardware" title="IPhone hardware">Hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_iPhone" title="History of the iPhone">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhone models</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_accessories" title="List of iPad accessories">Accessories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Pro" title="AirPods Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Max" title="AirPods Max">Max</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SIM" title="Apple SIM">Apple SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Pill" title="Beats Pill">Pill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HomePod_Mini" title="HomePod Mini">Mini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Silicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._software" title="Category:Apple Inc. software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operatingsystems" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">Operating<br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> / <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_models" title="List of iPad models">iPads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_version_history" title="IOS version history">iOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">iPadOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-installed_iOS_apps" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-installed iOS apps">Apps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CarPlay" title="CarPlay">CarPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classroom_(Apple)" title="Classroom (Apple)">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeKit" title="HomeKit">HomeKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Foundation" title="Core Foundation">Core Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools" title="Apple Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">FileMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro" title="Final Cut Pro">Final Cut Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Cut Pro X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor_(software)" title="Compressor (software)">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(software)" title="Motion (software)">Motion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_Pro" title="Logic Pro">Logic Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MainStage_(software)" title="MainStage (software)">MainStage</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ILife" title="ILife">iLife</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMovie" title="IMovie">iMovie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keynote_(presentation_software)" title="Keynote (presentation software)">Keynote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_(spreadsheet)" title="Numbers (spreadsheet)">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SceneKit" title="SceneKit">SceneKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._services" title="Category:Apple Inc. services">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Card" title="Apple Card">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Wallet" title="Apple Wallet">Wallet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Arcade" title="Apple Arcade">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_1" title="Apple Music 1">1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beats_Music" title="Beats Music">Beats Music</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Up_Next" title="Apple Music Up Next">Up Next</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Festival" title="Apple Music Festival">Festival</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Radio" title="ITunes Radio">iTunes Radio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(app)" title="Music (app)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_News" title="Apple News">News</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newsstand_(software)" title="Newsstand (software)">Newsstand</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_app" title="Apple TV app">TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_TV%2B_original_programming" title="List of Apple TV+ original programming">originals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLS_Season_Pass" title="MLS Season Pass">MLS Season Pass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkie-Talkie_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walkie-Talkie (Apple)">Walkie-Talkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and<br />digital sales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">macOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Connect" title="ITunes Connect">Connect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Fifth_Avenue" title="Apple Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleCare%2B" title="AppleCare+">AppleCare+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Authorized_Service_Provider" title="Apple Authorized Service Provider">AASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_certification_programs" title="Apple certification programs">Certifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_Bar" title="Genius Bar">Genius Bar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ProCare" title="ProCare">ProCare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_to_One_(Apple)" title="One to One (Apple)">One to One</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Account" title="Apple Account">Apple Account</a> (formerly <i>Apple ID</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_in_with_Apple" title="Sign in with Apple">Sign in with Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_One" title="Apple One">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer" title="Apple Developer">Developer</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IAd" title="IAd">iAd</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TestFlight" title="TestFlight">TestFlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Developers_Conference" title="Worldwide Developers Conference">WWDC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_My" title="Find My">Find My</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_(Apple)" title="Fitness (Apple)">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Maps" title="Apple Maps">Maps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flyover_(Apple_Maps)" title="Flyover (Apple Maps)">Flyover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Around_(Apple)" title="Look Around (Apple)">Look Around</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._subsidiaries" title="Category:Apple Inc. subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IMC" title="Apple IMC">Apple IMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studios" title="Apple Studios">Apple Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeburn_Capital" title="Braeburn Capital">Braeburn Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._acquisitions" title="Category:Apple Inc. acquisitions">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Apple" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple">Completed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AuthenTec" title="AuthenTec">AuthenTec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIS_Records" title="BIS Records">BIS Records</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cue_(search_engine)" title="Cue (search engine)">Cue</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EditGrid" title="EditGrid">EditGrid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emagic" title="Emagic">Emagic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FingerWorks" title="FingerWorks">FingerWorks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intrinsity" title="Intrinsity">Intrinsity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InVisage_Technologies" title="InVisage Technologies">InVisage Technologies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Keyboard_Company" title="The Keyboard Company">The Keyboard Company</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lala_(website)" title="Lala (website)">Lala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metaio" title="Metaio">Metaio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nothing_Real" title="Nothing Real">Nothing Real</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P.A._Semi" title="P.A. Semi">P.A. Semi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Power_Computing_Corporation" title="Power Computing Corporation">Power Computing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PrimeSense" title="PrimeSense">PrimeSense</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam Entertainment Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texture_(app)" title="Texture (app)">Texture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Topsy_Labs" title="Topsy Labs">Topsy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Potential <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_acquisition_of_Disney_by_Apple" title="Potential acquisition of Disney by Apple">Disney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._partnerships" title="Category:Apple Inc. partnerships">Partnerships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaleida_Labs" title="Kaleida Labs">Kaleida Labs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiDi" title="DiDi">DiDi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Digital_Ocean" title="Digital Ocean">Digital Ocean</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFund" title="IFund">iFund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_Technologies" title="Imagination Technologies">Imagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Consortium" title="Rockstar Consortium">Rockstar Consortium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._advertising" title="Apple Inc. advertising">Advertising</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_a_Mac" title="Get a Mac">Get a Mac</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_advertising" title="IPod advertising">iPod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_Red" title="Product Red">Product Red</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ecosystem" title="Apple ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_Inc._media_events" title="List of Apple Inc. media events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Apple_Inc." title="Criticism of Apple Inc.">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple%27s_EU_tax_dispute" title="Apple's EU tax dispute">Tax</a></li></ul></li> <li>Headquarters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Park" title="Apple Park">Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_University" title="Apple University">University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._design_motifs" title="Apple Inc. design motifs">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Industrial_Design_Group" title="Apple Industrial Design Group">IDg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography_of_Apple_Inc." title="Typography of Apple Inc.">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designed_by_Apple_in_California" title="Designed by Apple in California">Book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_codenames" title="List of Apple codenames">Codenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">Apple FileWare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_community" title="Apple community">Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleMasters" title="AppleMasters">AppleMasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litigation_involving_Apple_Inc." title="Litigation involving Apple Inc.">Litigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2024)" title="United States v. Apple (2024)">Antitrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">Non-recruiting agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2012)" title="United States v. Apple (2012)">Price-fixing ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI%E2%80%93Apple_encryption_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI–Apple encryption dispute">FBI encryption dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Apple" title="Epic Games v. Apple">Epic Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_app_approvals" title="IOS app approvals">iOS app approvals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleToo" title="AppleToo">#AppleToo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">Depictions of Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_on_Apple_devices" title="Linux on Apple devices">Linux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Linux" title="Asahi Linux">Asahi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPodLinux" title="IPodLinux">iPodLinux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_car_project" title="Apple car project">Car project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._executives" title="Category:Apple Inc. executives">Executives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Williams_(Apple)" title="Jeff Williams (Apple)">Jeff Williams</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Maestri" title="Luca Maestri">Luca Maestri</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_L._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine L. Adams">Katherine Adams</a> (General Counsel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Cue" title="Eddy Cue">Eddy Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Federighi" title="Craig Federighi">Craig Federighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Ge_Mahe" title="Isabel Ge Mahe">Isabel Ge Mahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Giannandrea" title="John Giannandrea">John Giannandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Joswiak" title="Greg Joswiak">Greg Joswiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabih_Khan" title="Sabih Khan">Sabih Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deirdre_O%27Brien" title="Deirdre O'Brien">Deirdre O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Riccio" title="Dan Riccio">Dan Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Schiller" title="Phil Schiller">Phil Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johny_Srouji" title="Johny Srouji">Johny Srouji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ternus" title="John Ternus">John Ternus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a> (CDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Ahrendts" title="Angela Ahrendts">Angela Ahrendts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Browett" title="John Browett">John Browett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrino_De_Luca" title="Guerrino De Luca">Guerrino De Luca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deneve" title="Paul Deneve">Paul Deneve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Fadell" title="Tony Fadell">Tony Fadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Hancock" title="Ellen Hancock">Ellen Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_R._Heinen" title="Nancy R. Heinen">Nancy R. Heinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Ron Johnson (businessman)">Ron Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nagel" title="David Nagel">David Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oppenheimer" title="Peter Oppenheimer">Peter Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Papermaster" title="Mark Papermaster">Mark Papermaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Serlet" title="Bertrand Serlet">Bertrand Serlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sewell" title="Bruce Sewell">Bruce Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sina_Tamaddon" title="Sina Tamaddon">Sina Tamaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Apple_Inc." title="Category:Directors of Apple Inc.">Board of<br />directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_D._Levinson" title="Arthur D. Levinson">Arthur D. Levinson</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bell" title="James A. Bell">James A. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Gorsky" title="Alex Gorsky">Alex Gorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jung" title="Andrea Jung">Andrea Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sugar" title="Ronald Sugar">Ronald D. Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wagner" title="Susan Wagner">Susan L. Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Campbell_(business_executive)" title="Bill Campbell (business executive)">Bill Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Drexler" title="Mickey Drexler">Mickey Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Iger" title="Bob Iger">Robert A. Iger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delano_Lewis" title="Delano Lewis">Delano Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rock" title="Arthur Rock">Arthur Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_S._Woolard_Jr." title="Edgar S. Woolard Jr.">Edgar S. Woolard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_York_(businessman)" title="Jerry York (businessman)">Jerry York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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