CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Chicano rock - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a9dd3bd2-f4b9-472d-af27-9be39d0c47d3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Chicano_rock","wgTitle":"Chicano rock","wgCurRevisionId":1258178982,"wgRevisionId":1258178982,"wgArticleId":164360,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 errors: periodical ignored","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from October 2017","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Chicano rock","20th-century music genres","21st-century music genres","Music of California","Music of Los Angeles","Chicano","Mexican-American culture", "Mexican styles of music","Rock music genres","Hispanic American music"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Chicano_rock","wgRelevantArticleId":164360,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q16241990","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media" ,"ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/UFW_Flag.svg/1200px-UFW_Flag.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="720"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/UFW_Flag.svg/800px-UFW_Flag.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/UFW_Flag.svg/640px-UFW_Flag.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="384"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Chicano rock - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicano_rock"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicano_rock"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Chicano_rock rootpage-Chicano_rock skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chicano+rock" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chicano+rock" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chicano+rock" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chicano+rock" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chicano_Rock_1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicano_Rock_1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chicano Rock 1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicano_Rock_1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chicano/Latino_Punk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicano/Latino_Punk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chicano/Latino Punk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicano/Latino_Punk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chicano_Rock,_1990s–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicano_Rock,_1990s–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Chicano Rock, 1990s–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicano_Rock,_1990s–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_politics_of_Chicano/a_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_politics_of_Chicano/a_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultural politics of Chicano/a rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_politics_of_Chicano/a_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chicano/a_rock_as_a_global_phenomenon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicano/a_rock_as_a_global_phenomenon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Chicano/a rock as a global phenomenon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicano/a_rock_as_a_global_phenomenon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chicano rock</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="چیکانو راک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چیکانو راک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EC%B9%B4%EB%85%B8_%EB%A1%9D" title="치카노 록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치카노 록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Chicano rock" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="चिकानो रक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिकानो रक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chicano rock" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16241990#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Chicano_rock" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Chicano_rock" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chicano_rock" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&oldid=1258178982" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Chicano_rock&id=1258178982&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChicano_rock"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChicano_rock"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Chicano_rock&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16241990" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rock music performed by Chicano groups</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicanos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UFW_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mexican America"><img alt="Mexican America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/UFW_Flag.svg/120px-UFW_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/UFW_Flag.svg/180px-UFW_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/UFW_Flag.svg/240px-UFW_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Terms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Identity</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholo_(subculture)" title="Cholo (subculture)">Chola/o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Raza" title="La Raza">La Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachucas" title="Pachucas">Pachuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachuco" title="Pachuco">Pachuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinto_(subculture)" title="Pinto (subculture)">Pinta/o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xicanx" title="Xicanx">Xicanx</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Anti-Mexican sentiment</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans" title="History of Mexican Americans">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Early-American Period</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Segovia" title="Josefa Segovia">Josefa Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Gorras_Blancas" title="Las Gorras Blancas">Las Gorras Blancas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualista" title="Mutualista">Mutualista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Elizario_Salt_War" title="San Elizario Salt War">San Elizario Salt War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoratown,_Los_Angeles" title="Sonoratown, Los Angeles">Sonoratown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Pre-Chicano Movement</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1917_Bath_riots" title="1917 Bath riots">1917 Bath riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisbee_Deportation" title="Bisbee Deportation">Bisbee Deportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1951)" title="Bloody Christmas (1951)">Bloody Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracero program">Bracero program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_agricultural_strikes_of_1933" title="California agricultural strikes of 1933">California agricultural strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantaloupe_strike_of_1928" title="Cantaloupe strike of 1928">Cantaloupe strike of 1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_Strike_of_1936" title="Citrus Strike of 1936">Citrus Strike of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Matanza_(1910%E2%80%931920)" title="La Matanza (1910–1920)">La Matanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation" title="Mexican Repatriation">Mexican Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">Operation Wetback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_of_San_Diego" title="Plan of San Diego">Plan de San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porvenir_massacre_(1918)" title="Porvenir massacre (1918)">Porvenir Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Lagoon_murder" title="Sleepy Lagoon murder">Sleepy Lagoon trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_Suit_Riots" title="Zoot Suit Riots">Zoot Suit Riots</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Chicano_Movement" title="Chicano Movement">Chicano Movement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztl%C3%A1n" title="Aztlán">Aztlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-brown_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-brown unity">Black-brown unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Berets" title="Brown Berets">Brown Berets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%B3licos_por_La_Raza" title="Católicos por La Raza">Católicos por La Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_Cultural_de_la_Raza" title="Centro Cultural de la Raza">Centro Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicanismo" title="Chicanismo">Chicanismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_Moratorium" title="Chicano Moratorium">Chicano Moratorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_Cesar_Chavez" title="Colegio Cesar Chavez">Colegio César Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_Femenil_Mexicana_Nacional" title="Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional">CFMN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conferencia_de_Mujeres_por_la_Raza" title="Conferencia de Mujeres por la Raza">Conferencia de Mujeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_Rights_Project" title="Chicana Rights Project">CRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_L.A._walkouts" title="East L.A. walkouts">East L.A. walkouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijas_de_Cuauht%C3%A9moc" title="Hijas de Cuauhtémoc">Hijas de Cuauhtémoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huelga_schools_(Houston)" title="Huelga schools (Houston)">Huelga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alianza_Federal_de_Mercedes" title="Alianza Federal de Mercedes">Land grant struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Adelitas_de_Aztl%C3%A1n" title="Las Adelitas de Aztlán">Las Adelitas de Aztlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Siete_de_la_Raza" title="Los Siete de la Raza">Los Siete de la Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Seis_de_Boulder" title="Los Seis de Boulder">Los Seis de Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MANA,_A_National_Latina_Organization" title="MANA, A National Latina Organization">MANA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American_Youth_Organization" title="Mexican American Youth Organization">MAYO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEChA" title="MEChA">MEChA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Catalina_Island" title="Occupation of Catalina Island">Occupation of Catalina Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCUN" title="PCUN">PCUN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Espiritual_de_Aztl%C3%A1n" title="Plan Espiritual de Aztlán">Plan Espiritual de Aztlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_de_Santa_B%C3%A1rbara" title="Plan de Santa Bárbara">Plan de Santa Bárbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinto_Sol" title="Quinto Sol">Quinto Sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Unida_Party" title="Raza Unida Party">Raza Unida Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Farm_Workers" title="United Farm Workers">United Farm Workers</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Post-Chicano Period</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1985%E2%80%931987_Watsonville_Cannery_strike" title="1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike">1985–1987 cannery strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_drywall_strike" title="Southern California drywall strike">1992 Drywall Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">2019 El Paso shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolish_ICE" title="Abolish ICE">Abolish ICE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070" title="Arizona SB 1070">Arizona SB 1070</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Castro 2020 presidential campaign">Castro 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_Art:_Resistance_and_Affirmation" title="Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation">Chicano Art Exhibit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">DACA</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Boycott" title="Great American Boycott">Great American Boycott</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986">IRCA</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farah_strike" title="Farah strike">Farah strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_for_Janitors" title="Justice for Janitors">Justice for Janitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Selena" title="Murder of Selena">Murder of Selena</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1994_California_Proposition_187" title="1994 California Proposition 187">Proposition 187</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Farm" title="South Central Farm">South Central Farm</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Language</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrazos,_no_balazos" title="Abrazos, no balazos">Abrazos, no balazos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Chicano)" title="Caló (Chicano)">Caló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_English" title="Chicano English">Chicano English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_names" title="Chicano names">Chicano names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93rale" title="Órale">Órale</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Food</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tex-Mex cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican-American_cuisine" title="Mexican-American cuisine">Mexican-American cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rap" title="Chicano rap">Chicano rap</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chicano rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-eyed_soul" title="Brown-eyed soul">Chicano soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano music</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Symbols</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cal-Style_VW" title="Cal-Style VW">Cal-Style VW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homies_(toy)" title="Homies (toy)">Homies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider_bicycle" title="Lowrider bicycle">Lowrider bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican-American_folklore" title="Mexican-American folklore">Mexican-American folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Claus" title="Pancho Claus">Pancho Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_suit" title="Zoot suit">Zoot suit</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_literature" title="Chicana literature">Chicana literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_literature" title="Chicano literature">Chicano literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_poetry" title="Chicano poetry">Chicano poetry</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Autobiographical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Always_Running" title="Always Running">Always Running</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Living_Up_the_Street" title="Living Up the Street">Living Up the Street</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Would_Have_Thought_It%3F" title="Who Would Have Thought It?">Who Would Have Thought It?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Novels</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bless_Me,_Ultima" title="Bless Me, Ultima">Bless Me, Ultima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caballero:_A_Historical_Novel" title="Caballero: A Historical Novel">Caballero</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desert_Blood" title="Desert Blood">Desert Blood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_This_Wicked_Patch_of_Dust" title="From This Wicked Patch of Dust">From This Wicked Patch of Dust</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mexican_WhiteBoy" title="Mexican WhiteBoy">Mexican WhiteBoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dirty_Girls_Social_Club" title="The Dirty Girls Social Club">The Dirty Girls Social Club</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_House_on_Mango_Street" title="The House on Mango Street">The House on Mango Street</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rain_God" title="The Rain God">The Rain God</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Cockroach_People" title="The Revolt of the Cockroach People">The Revolt of the Cockroach People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/So_Far_from_God" title="So Far from God">So Far from God</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Feet_of_Jesus_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Under the Feet of Jesus (novel)">Under the Feet of Jesus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/...y_no_se_lo_trag%C3%B3_la_tierra" title="...y no se lo tragó la tierra">...y no se lo tragó la tierra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Poetry and Short Stories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Emplumada" title="Emplumada">Emplumada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Joaquin" title="I Am Joaquin">I Am Joaquin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moment_of_Silence_(poem)" title="Moment of Silence (poem)">Moment of Silence</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pensamiento_Serpentino" title="Pensamiento Serpentino">Pensamiento Serpentino</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moths_(short_story)" title="The Moths (short story)">The Moths</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chicano_studies" title="Chicano studies">Chicano studies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Fields</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_feminism" title="Chicana feminism">Chicana feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicanafuturism" title="Chicanafuturism">Chicanafuturism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American_Studies_Department_Programs,_Tucson_Unified_School_District" title="Mexican American Studies Department Programs, Tucson Unified School District">MAS Programs, Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Chicana_and_Chicano_Studies" title="National Association of Chicana and Chicano Studies">NACCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCLA_Chicano_Studies_Research_Center" title="UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center">UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Texts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Borderlands/La_Frontera:_The_New_Mestiza" title="Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza">Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown,_Not_White" title="Brown, Not White">Brown, Not White</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Church_in_the_Barrio" title="The Church in the Barrio">The Church in the Barrio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Bridge_Called_My_Back" title="This Bridge Called My Back">This Bridge Called My Back</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Theory</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrioization" title="Barrioization">Barrioization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyolxauhqui_imperative" title="Coyolxauhqui imperative">Coyolxauhqui imperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gringo_justice" title="Gringo justice">Gringo justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahui_Ollin" title="Nahui Ollin">Nahui Ollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepantla" title="Nepantla">Nepantla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_tribalism" title="New tribalism">New tribalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasquachismo" title="Rasquachismo">Rasquachismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_activism" title="Spiritual activism">Spiritual activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verg%C3%BCenza_(social_concept)" title="Vergüenza (social concept)">Vergüenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_control_complex" title="Youth control complex">Youth control complex</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Visual art</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Visual Art</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_art" title="Chicana art">Chicana art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_cinema" title="Chicano cinema">Chicano cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%B1o" title="Paño">Paño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla_art" title="Tortilla art">Tortilla art</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art Collectives</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asco_(art_collective)" title="Asco (art collective)">Asco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_Clash_(performance_troupe)" title="Culture Clash (performance troupe)">Culture Clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Los_Streetscapers" title="East Los Streetscapers">East Los Streetscapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Four" title="Los Four">Los Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujeres_Muralistas" title="Mujeres Muralistas">Mujeres Muralistas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Campesino" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro Campesino">Teatro Campesino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Chicano_Air_Force" title="Royal Chicano Air Force">Royal Chicano Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Arte_P%C3%BAblico" title="Centro de Arte Público">Centro de Arte Público</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galer%C3%ADa_de_la_Raza" title="Galería de la Raza">Galería de la Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Cultural_Center_for_Latino_Arts" title="Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts">Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precita_Eyes" title="Precita Eyes">Precita Eyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_Help_Graphics_%26_Art" title="Self Help Graphics & Art">Self Help Graphics & Art</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Locations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmy_Alley" title="Balmy Alley">Balmy Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_Park" title="Chicano Park">Chicano Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrada_Courts" title="Estrada Courts">Estrada Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Los_Angeles" title="Great Wall of Los Angeles">Great Wall of Los Angeles</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court cases</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Botiller_v._Dominguez" title="Botiller v. Dominguez">Botiller v. Dominguez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hernandez_v._Texas" title="Hernandez v. Texas">Hernandez v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Independent_School_District_v._Rodriguez" title="San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez">San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Espinoza_v._Farah_Manufacturing_Co." title="Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.">Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Brignoni-Ponce" title="United States v. Brignoni-Ponce">U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plyler_v._Doe" title="Plyler v. Doe">Plyler v. Doe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_v._Texas" title="Medellín v. Texas">Medellín v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flores-Figueroa_v._United_States" title="Flores-Figueroa v. United States">Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leal_Garcia_v._Texas" title="Leal Garcia v. Texas">Leal Garcia v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mendez_v._Westminster" title="Mendez v. Westminster">Mendez v. Westminster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bernal_v._Fainter" title="Bernal v. Fainter">Bernal v. Fainter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perez_v._Brownell" title="Perez v. Brownell">Perez v. Brownell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California">DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Federal Court cases</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Madrigal_v._Quilligan" title="Madrigal v. Quilligan">Madrigal v. Quilligan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Population</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Population by City</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Arizona (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Tucson" title="History of Mexican Americans in Tucson">Tucson</a>)</li> <li>California (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Mexican Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>)</li> <li>Illinois (<a href="/wiki/Mexicans_in_Chicago" title="Mexicans in Chicago">Chicago</a>)</li> <li>Michigan (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Metro_Detroit" title="History of Mexican Americans in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a>)</li> <li>Nebraska (<a href="/wiki/Mexicans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Mexicans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of Mexican Americans in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of Mexican Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of Mexican Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Multiethnic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxicans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Nuevomexicanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejano">Tejanos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Mexican_Americans" title="Indigenous Mexican Americans">Indigenous Mexican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chicano poets">Chicano poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_rappers" title="List of Chicano rappers">Chicano rappers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_Americans" title="List of Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican-American_writers" title="List of Mexican-American writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American_bibliography" title="Mexican American bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="border-top:none;font-size:97%;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mexican_diaspora_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Mexican diaspora in the United States">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_Mexican_Americans" title="Index of articles related to Mexican Americans">Index</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chicano_and_Mexican_American_topics_sidebar" title="Template:Chicano and Mexican American topics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chicano_and_Mexican_American_topics_sidebar" title="Template talk:Chicano and Mexican American topics sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chicano_and_Mexican_American_topics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chicano and Mexican American topics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santana_Acer_Arena_(5558151833)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Santana_Acer_Arena_%285558151833%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Santana_Acer_Arena_%285558151833%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Santana_Acer_Arena_%285558151833%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Santana_Acer_Arena_%285558151833%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Santana_Acer_Arena_%285558151833%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Santana_Acer_Arena_%285558151833%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption>Iconic Chicano rock musician <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Chicano rock</b>, also called <i>chicano fusion</i>, is <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a> performed by <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican American</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a>) groups or music with themes derived from Chicano culture. Chicano Rock, to a great extent, does not refer to any single style or approach. Some of these groups do not sing in Spanish at all, or use many specific Latin instruments or sounds. The subgenre is defined by the ethnicity of its performers, and as a result covers a wide range of approaches. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three basic styles of Chicano rock. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritchie_Valens_1959_press_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ritchie_Valens_1959_press_photo.jpg/170px-Ritchie_Valens_1959_press_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ritchie_Valens_1959_press_photo.jpg/255px-Ritchie_Valens_1959_press_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ritchie_Valens_1959_press_photo.jpg/340px-Ritchie_Valens_1959_press_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1223" data-file-height="1481" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Valens" title="Ritchie Valens">Ritchie Valens</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1) The earliest Chicano rock emerged as a distinctive style of <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> performed by Mexican Americans from <a href="/wiki/East_Los_Angeles,_California" title="East Los Angeles, California">East Los Angeles</a> and Southern California, containing themes from their cultural experience. Although the genre is broad and diverse, encompassing a variety of styles and subjects, the overarching theme of early Chicano rock is its <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> influence and incorporation of brass instruments like the saxophone and trumpet, <a href="/wiki/Farfisa" title="Farfisa">Farfisa</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hammond_B3_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammond B3 organ">Hammond B3 organ</a>, funky basslines, and its blending of Mexican vocal styling sung in English.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A tradition of 60s Chicano rock emerges from these origins, following a devotion to the original <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a>. And <a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Valens" title="Ritchie Valens">Ritchie Valens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunny_%26_the_Sunglows" title="Sunny & the Sunglows">Sunny & the Sunglows</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Sir_Douglas_Quintet" title="Sir Douglas Quintet">Sir Douglas Quintet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannibal_%26_the_Headhunters" title="Cannibal & the Headhunters">Cannibal & the Headhunters</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Premiers" title="The Premiers">The Premiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_the_Sham_%26_the_Pharaohs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam the Sham & the Pharaohs">Sam the Sham & the Pharaohs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thee_Midniters" title="Thee Midniters">Thee Midniters</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all have made music that is heavily based on 1950s <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a>, even when general trends moved away from the original sound of rock as time went by. </p><p>2) The second style of 70s Chicano rock is more open to <a href="/wiki/Blues_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Blues music">blues music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a>, R&B, rock music, funk, Latin music, <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Santana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malo_(band)" title="Malo (band)">Malo</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_(U.S._band)" class="mw-redirect" title="War (U.S. band)">War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/El_Chicano" title="El Chicano">El Chicano</a>, Sapo and other Chicano '<a href="/wiki/Latin_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Rock">Latin Rock</a>' groups follow this approach with their fusions of R&B, Jazz, and Caribbean sounds. Later Chicano musicians who draw from <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> and country include <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Lobos" title="Los Lobos">Los Lobos</a>. These musicians also sometimes draw from traditions of <a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Norteño music">Norteño music</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano music</a>. </p><p>3) A third style is the 80s Latin rock, Latin R&B by <a href="/wiki/Tierra_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tierra (group)">Tierra</a>, Little Joe, Little Willie G, Ralfi Pagan, <a href="/wiki/Sheila_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheila E">Sheila E</a>, Sugar Style, <a href="/wiki/Sunny_and_the_Sunliners" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunny and the Sunliners">Sunny and the Sunliners</a> and Rocky Padilla.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Champs_1958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Champs_1958.jpg/220px-The_Champs_1958.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Champs_1958.jpg/330px-The_Champs_1958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Champs_1958.jpg/440px-The_Champs_1958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>The Champs</figcaption></figure> <p>In places such as <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a> area, and <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> audience was very important to aspiring Latino musicians, and this kept their music wedded to authentic R&B. DJ <a href="/wiki/Dick_Hugg" title="Dick Hugg">Dick Hugg</a> (aka Huggie Boy) and radio station <a href="/wiki/KRLA_1110" class="mw-redirect" title="KRLA 1110">KRLA 1110</a> played a big role in promoting this music. Chicano rock music was also influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">Doo-wop</a> genre, an example being the song "<a href="/wiki/Angel_Baby_(Rosie_and_the_Originals_song)" title="Angel Baby (Rosie and the Originals song)">Angel Baby</a>" by the Chicana fronted group <a href="/wiki/Rosie_and_the_Originals" title="Rosie and the Originals">Rosie and the Originals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Don Tosti's <i>Pachuco Boogie</i>, recorded in 1948, was the first Chicano million-selling record,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a swing tune featuring Spanish lyrics, using hipster slang called <a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Chicano)" title="Caló (Chicano)">Calo</a>. Lalo Guerrero arrived in Los Angeles in the late 1930s and found that L.A is "bursting with ambition". Lalo and his friend captured their spirit in music by mixing swing and boogie woogie in a cross-cultural, dialog between African American, Anglo, and Mexican American influences.<sup id="cite_ref-nohoartsdistrict.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nohoartsdistrict.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1950s brought rhythm and blues and the roots of rock 'n' roll. Mexican American were among first to catch the beat and introduced a Latin flair to early rock music.<sup id="cite_ref-nohoartsdistrict.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nohoartsdistrict.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_Baez_Hamburg_1973_2811730005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joan Baez playing on stage in a Hamburg TV studio, 1973" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Joan_Baez_Hamburg_1973_2811730005.jpg/170px-Joan_Baez_Hamburg_1973_2811730005.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Joan_Baez_Hamburg_1973_2811730005.jpg/255px-Joan_Baez_Hamburg_1973_2811730005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Joan_Baez_Hamburg_1973_2811730005.jpg/340px-Joan_Baez_Hamburg_1973_2811730005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="2190" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a> playing in Hamburg, 1973</figcaption></figure> <p>Chicano rock 'n' roll star <a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Valens" title="Ritchie Valens">Ritchie Valens</a>, was a Mexican-American singer and songwriter influential in the Chicano rock movement. He recorded numerous hits during his short career, most notably the 1958 hit "La Bamba." Valens died at age 17 in a plane crash with fellow musicians <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bopper" title="The Big Bopper">the Big Bopper</a> on February 3, 1959. The tragedy was later immortalized as "<a href="/wiki/The_day_the_music_died" class="mw-redirect" title="The day the music died">the day the music died</a>" in the song "American Pie."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1958 hit song "<a href="/wiki/Tequila_(Champs_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tequila (Champs song)">Tequila!</a>" was written and sung by the saxophone player <a href="/wiki/Danny_Flores" title="Danny Flores">Danny Flores</a> (not to be confused with Danny David Flores, a former member of Renegade) and performed by <a href="/wiki/The_Champs" title="The Champs">The Champs</a>. Flores, who died in September 2006, was known as the "Godfather of Latino Rock."<sup id="cite_ref-telegram_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegram-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early to mid-1960s, the American audience was probably more open to Latin sounds than even today because of the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">bossa nova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bugal%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugalú">bugalú</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">mambo</a>, and other forms. Also, musicians who didn't conform to the rather limited range of early rock could find success as folk performers. <a href="/wiki/Trini_Lopez" title="Trini Lopez">Trini Lopez</a>, whose music was a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a> and pop, gained big hit "<a href="/wiki/If_I_Had_a_Hammer" title="If I Had a Hammer">If I Had a Hammer</a>" in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He recorded "Corazón de Melón", a Mexican folk tune,. Mid 1960s, the Beatles and <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a> got success, and unfortunately Trini's club style seemed old fashioned too soon. </p><p>In the 60s there was an explosion of Chicano rock bands in East Los Angeles and Texas. <a href="/wiki/Sunny_%26_the_Sunglows" title="Sunny & the Sunglows">Sunny & the Sunglows</a> produced several regional hits during the 1960s but is best remembered for its 1963 Number 11 Billboard hit "<a href="/wiki/Talk_to_Me_(Joe_Seneca_song)" title="Talk to Me (Joe Seneca song)">Talk to Me, Talk to Me</a>". They hold the distinction of being the first all-Mexican American group featured on <a href="/wiki/American_Bandstand" title="American Bandstand">American Bandstand</a>. Their versions of "Rags to Riches" (<a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a>) and "Out of Sight-Out of Mind" (<a href="/wiki/The_Five_Keys" title="The Five Keys">The Five Keys</a>) also reached the Billboard Hot 100.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another group to appear on American Bandstand as well as open for <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>, was <a href="/wiki/The_Premiers" title="The Premiers">The Premiers</a> with their hit rendition of a <a href="/wiki/Don_and_Dewey" title="Don and Dewey">Don and Dewey</a> song called "<a href="/wiki/Farmer_John_(song)" title="Farmer John (song)">Farmer John</a>". It featured the beat from the popular hit, <i><a href="/wiki/Louie,_Louie" class="mw-redirect" title="Louie, Louie">Louie, Louie</a></i>, which was in turn based on a Latino song, <i>El Loco Cha Cha</i>. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Berry_(musician)" title="Richard Berry (musician)">Richard Berry</a>, credited with writing Louie, Louie, drew inspiration to record the song after listening to an R&B rendition of El Loco Cha Cha performed by the Latin R&B group Rhythm Rockers led by Mexican-Filipino American brothers, Rick and Barry Rillera.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rillera brothers would go on to record and perform with <a href="/wiki/The_Righteous_Brothers" title="The Righteous Brothers">The Righteous Brothers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannibal_%26_the_Headhunters.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cannibal_%26_the_Headhunters.png/170px-Cannibal_%26_the_Headhunters.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cannibal_%26_the_Headhunters.png/255px-Cannibal_%26_the_Headhunters.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cannibal_%26_the_Headhunters.png/340px-Cannibal_%26_the_Headhunters.png 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="1089" /></a><figcaption>Trade ad for Cannibal & the Headhunters's single "Land of a Thousand Dances"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sam_the_sham_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sam_the_sham_1965.jpg/170px-Sam_the_sham_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sam_the_sham_1965.jpg/255px-Sam_the_sham_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sam_the_sham_1965.jpg/340px-Sam_the_sham_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption> Sam the Sham</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a> challenged all American musicians, not just Chicanos. East Los Angeles witnessed a surge of creativity, and a renaissance of art, music and politics. Leading the way in music was the band <a href="/wiki/Cannibal_%26_the_Headhunters" title="Cannibal & the Headhunters">Cannibal & the Headhunters</a>, composed of five young men from the projects who recorded a national hit, "Land of a Thousand Dances," and almost overnight found themselves opening for the Beatles on the British superstars' 1965 tour. That same year, <a href="/wiki/Thee_Midniters" title="Thee Midniters">Thee Midniters</a> hit the charts with "Whittier Blvd.," an anthem to East L.A.'s most famous street, the home of a late-night cruising scene that expressed the California car culture that Mexican Americans were making their own.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1965, the Chicano led <a href="/wiki/Sam_the_Sham" title="Sam the Sham">Sam the Sham and The Pharaohs</a> released the international hit <a href="/wiki/Wooly_Bully" title="Wooly Bully">Wooly Bully</a> which would go on to sell three million copies. Penned by frontman Domingo "Sam" Samudio, it holds the distinction of being the first American record to sell a million copies during the British Invasion era. In 1966, the Mexican American garage band <a href="/wiki/%3F_and_the_Mysterians" title="? and the Mysterians">? and the Mysterians</a> scored a number one hit with the song <a href="/wiki/96_Tears" title="96 Tears">96 Tears</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sir_Douglas_Quintet" title="Sir Douglas Quintet">Sir Douglas Quintet</a> is said to have made the most 'English' sounding American music of the <a href="/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a> period (actually since the English were playing music that was more rooted in R&B than many white Americans of that time, the Quintet were actually sounding 'English' by keeping to an all-American R&B/Country sound). Indeed, producer <a href="/wiki/Huey_P_Meaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Huey P Meaux">Huey P. Meaux</a> put the <i>Sir</i> in the group's name to emphasize the connection, but that was more a marketing change than a musical one. The Sir Douglas Quintet was from central Texas, and some of its members were <a href="/wiki/Latinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinos">Latinos</a>. However, the group's lead singer, Doug Sahm, was not of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican people">Mexican</a> descent. Sahm was so thoroughly immersed in <a href="/wiki/Tejano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejano">Tejano</a> culture, that he later recorded an album under the name Doug Saldaña. Despite the musician's efforts to make the group appear to have emerged from the <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a>, scholars have noted that the group's clear <a href="/wiki/Tejano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejano">Tejano</a> influences and accordion based slowed down <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a> rhythms give the band a Chicano rock title. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1960s and 1970s, when civil rights and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> were compelling issues, young Mexican American proudly called themselves Chicanos—which once considered as a derogatory term—and many took to the streets to stand up for their rights. Chicano duo Cheech and Chong released novelty single "Basketball Jones"(1973) and hit "Earache My Eye"(1974).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bands like <a href="/wiki/Tierra_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tierra (group)">Tierra</a>, Malo, Sapo, <a href="/wiki/Azteca_(band)" title="Azteca (band)">Azteca</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Chicano" title="El Chicano">El Chicano</a>, created new music that "said something" about Chicano heritage and their struggles for equality and justice.<sup id="cite_ref-nohoartsdistrict.com_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nohoartsdistrict.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the midst of these events, Mexican-American immigrants of East L.A. were being exposed to cultural identity problems and struggles with assimilation. Chicano rock emerged as a musical art-form with the power to cross over to the mainstream. With aims to pay homage to their native culture and capture the unique Chicano experience. Chicano rockers unified both the Mexican and American roots that lived within their oppressed cultural spheres.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisa_Coleman,_2010._Photo_by_Ryan_Ozawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lisa_Coleman%2C_2010._Photo_by_Ryan_Ozawa.jpg/170px-Lisa_Coleman%2C_2010._Photo_by_Ryan_Ozawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lisa_Coleman%2C_2010._Photo_by_Ryan_Ozawa.jpg/255px-Lisa_Coleman%2C_2010._Photo_by_Ryan_Ozawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lisa_Coleman%2C_2010._Photo_by_Ryan_Ozawa.jpg/340px-Lisa_Coleman%2C_2010._Photo_by_Ryan_Ozawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Coleman_(musician)" title="Lisa Coleman (musician)">Lisa Coleman</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The trend of Chicano rock mirrored what was happening on college campuses as well. The rise of Chicano Studies departments, which offered courses in Chicano literature, politics and culture, affected college students and musicians tremendously. Musicians rebels against the "old world" and adopt the Mexican and Latin American styles in their own music.<sup id="cite_ref-nohoartsdistrict.com_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nohoartsdistrict.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Lonely_Boys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Los_Lonely_Boys.jpg/220px-Los_Lonely_Boys.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Los_Lonely_Boys.jpg/330px-Los_Lonely_Boys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Los_Lonely_Boys.jpg/440px-Los_Lonely_Boys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Los_Lonely_Boys" title="Los Lonely Boys">Los Lonely Boys</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Along with visual artists, activists, and audiences, the musicians of the East Los Angeles chicano rock scene form an emergent cultural movement that speaks powerfully to present conditions. The chicano rock scene of East Los Angeles serves as a form of unity for radical Chicanos who wish to bring forth a call to action and a site for resistance through their art. By claiming the musical style of the "old world", Chicanos are reclaiming their indigenous identity and undoing Spanish <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a>. </p><p>The Eastside scene's story of formation, the diversity of its origins, and its commitment to political activism and coalition building illuminate the relations between culture and politics in the present. The musical practices of the East L.A. scene bring to the discussion the dislocations and displacements of people of color in urban California, but they also reflect the emergence of new forms of resistance that find counterhegemonic possibilities within contradictions. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a> is a versatile singer who traversed multiple genres. She gained national hits such as "You're No Good" (1975), "It's So Easy", "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Bayou" title="Blue Bayou">Blue Bayou</a>" (1977), "Back in the USA" (1978), and "Hurt So Bad" (1980) in the 1970s and '80s. Ronstadt was nurtured by her Mexican American family whose musical roots run deep in the Mexican border region of Tucson, Arizona. Ronstadt holds dear the memory of childhood serenades by "The Father of Chicano Rock," Lalo Guerrero, a close family friend. Ronstadt's great-aunt <a href="/wiki/Luisa_Espinel" title="Luisa Espinel">Luisa Espinel</a> gained international popularity interpreting Spanish and Mexican song and dance in the 1930s. Among the most popular female pop singers, Ronstadt is one of the most influential Chicana musicians ever, as evident in her extensive discography and four-decades long career.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chicano_Rock_1980s">Chicano Rock 1980s</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chicano Rock 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dave_Navarro,_Santa_Barbara_2009_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Dave_Navarro%2C_Santa_Barbara_2009_large.jpg/170px-Dave_Navarro%2C_Santa_Barbara_2009_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Dave_Navarro%2C_Santa_Barbara_2009_large.jpg/255px-Dave_Navarro%2C_Santa_Barbara_2009_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Dave_Navarro%2C_Santa_Barbara_2009_large.jpg/340px-Dave_Navarro%2C_Santa_Barbara_2009_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dave_Navarro" title="Dave Navarro">Dave Navarro</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1980s, Tierra gained TOP 40 hit "Together", and Cheech and Chong recorded "Born In East LA". <a href="/wiki/Maldita_Vecindad" title="Maldita Vecindad">Maldita Vecindad</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Rock_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock en Español">rock en Español</a> band whose music is a mixture of punk, rap, ska, funk, and Latin. They were formed in Mexico City in 1985 and describe themselves as a mambo punk combo. They influenced other Chicano rock bands and Chicano music, because they were among the first <a href="/wiki/Mexican_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican rock">Mexican rock</a> musicians to express a kindred spirit with the Chicano movement. On their early recordings, <b>Maldita Vecindad y Los Hijos del Quinto Patio</b> (BMG Ariola 1989) and Circo (BMG Ariola 1991), Maldita's music delved into Chicano culture with songs such as "Mojado," "Pachuco," and "Pata de Perro." In addition to the two albums above, Maldita Vecindad released "Baile de Máscaras" (1996), "Mostros" (1998), and "Greatest Hits + Rarities 1989-1999" (2000).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RobertTrujillo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/RobertTrujillo.jpg/170px-RobertTrujillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/RobertTrujillo.jpg/255px-RobertTrujillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/RobertTrujillo.jpg/340px-RobertTrujillo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trujillo" title="Robert Trujillo">Robert Trujillo</a> bassist of the American <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a> since 2003. He was also a member of <a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">crossover thrash</a> band <a href="/wiki/Suicidal_Tendencies" title="Suicidal Tendencies">Suicidal Tendencies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">funk metal</a> supergroup <a href="/wiki/Infectious_Grooves" title="Infectious Grooves">Infectious Grooves</a>, heavy metal band <a href="/wiki/Black_Label_Society" title="Black Label Society">Black Label Society</a>, and has worked with <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Cantrell" title="Jerry Cantrell">Jerry Cantrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne" title="Ozzy Osbourne">Ozzy Osbourne</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid-1980s Chicano teen rock band <a href="/wiki/Renegade_(band)" title="Renegade (band)">Renegade</a> landed on the international music scene, sporting a combination of heavy metal instrumentation with more pop oriented melodies, resulting in a new subgenre, termed "commercial metal". The four teens—<a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marquez" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenny Marquez">Kenny Marquez</a> on lead guitar and vocals, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Cardenas" title="Luis Cardenas">Luis Cardenas</a> on drums and vocals, <a href="/wiki/Tony_De_La_Rosa_(rock_guitarist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony De La Rosa (rock guitarist)">Tony De La Rosa</a> on rhythm guitar and vocals and Danny David Flores on bass guitar and vocals—have been referred to as Chicano rock gods, amongst Mexican-Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renegade or Los Renegados as they are called in Latin-America, went on to sell more than 30 million units worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a series of hits in Mexico, Canada, Japan and the United Kingdom, and to a lesser extent, the United States. </p><p>Subsequently, groups like 90s band <a href="/wiki/Ozomatli" title="Ozomatli">Ozomatli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quetzal_(band)" title="Quetzal (band)">Quetzal</a> had led the new wave of Latin Rock groups that fuse multiple musical genres. </p><p>Ozomatli mixes rock, <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Funk music">funk music</a>, and cumbia. Their song "City of Angels", presented a new eclectic form of Latino rock.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quetzal, the band from the barrios of East Los Angeles has been creating Latin folk and roots-rock music for over a decade. With the successful tours and concerts alongside Los Lobos, Ozomatli, Taj Mahal and Michelle Shocked, Quetzal has played intimate clubs and large arenas alike. The band combines rock, Afro-Cuban, country blues, and jazz elements to support the wide-ranging, bilingual vocals of Martha González. The retro-futuristic mix has garnered praise from critics including the LA Times and Los Lobos. Quetzal simultaneously forges a sound that makes you dance and contemplate change.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robert Lopez AKA <a href="/wiki/El_Vez" title="El Vez">El Vez</a> started operating an art gallery called "La Luz de Jesus" and created a show dedicated to Elvis. Since Lopez's impersonator did not meet his expectation El Vez was created. El Vez's first performance was in Memphis, Tennessee on August 16, 1989. Lopez started making karaoke tapes while running his gallery. While not including "sacred" topics directly, his goal is to blur the line between what is sacred and profane allowing him to have wide age range in his audience. He has been releasing albums since 1994 continuing to use satire and humor in his songs to express revolutionary views. As his lyrics are historical, some teachers and professors use his music to teach history and Mexican American Culture.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chicano/Latino_Punk"><span id="Chicano.2FLatino_Punk"></span>Chicano/Latino Punk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chicano/Latino Punk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tito_Larriva_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tito_Larriva_2007.jpg/170px-Tito_Larriva_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tito_Larriva_2007.jpg/255px-Tito_Larriva_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tito_Larriva_2007.jpg/340px-Tito_Larriva_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tito_Larriva" title="Tito Larriva">Tito Larriva</a>, September 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Chicano punk is a branch of Chicano rock with bands like <a href="/wiki/The_Zeros_(American_band)" title="The Zeros (American band)">The Zeros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stains_(Los_Angeles_band)" title="Stains (Los Angeles band)">The Stains</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Plugz" title="The Plugz">The Plugz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bags_(Los_Angeles_band)" title="Bags (Los Angeles band)">The Bags</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thee_Undertakers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thee Undertakers (page does not exist)">Thee Undertakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nervous_Gender" title="Nervous Gender">Nervous Gender</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Brat_(band)" title="The Brat (band)">The Brat</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gun_Club" title="The Gun Club">The Gun Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Illegals" title="Los Illegals">Los Illegals</a>, Los Angelinos, Felix and the Katz, Odd Squad, Union 13, and <a href="/wiki/Cruzados" title="Cruzados">The Cruzados</a> coming out of the punk scene in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. The rock band <a href="/wiki/%3F_and_the_Mysterians" title="? and the Mysterians">? and the Mysterians</a>, made up of Hispanic American musicians from Bay City and Saginaw, Michigan, was the first band to be described as "punk rock." The term punk rock was reportedly coined in 1971 by rock critic Dave Marsh in a review of their show for <i><a href="/wiki/Creem" title="Creem">Creem</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent Chicano punk bands include Rayos X, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mata_Mata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mata Mata">Mata Mata</a>, Mugre, Venganza and Asko from southern California, <a href="/wiki/La_Grita" title="La Grita">La Grita</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Plebe" title="La Plebe">La Plebe</a> from Northern California, as well as <a href="/wiki/Los_Crudos" title="Los Crudos">Los Crudos</a> from Chicago. </p><p>In 1992 <a href="/wiki/Mia_Zapata" title="Mia Zapata">Mia Zapata</a> and her punk rock group <a href="/wiki/The_Gits" title="The Gits">The Gits</a> released <i>Frenching the Bully</i>, their first album, on C/Z Records. The group members met one another and formed the band in <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Springs,_Ohio" title="Yellow Springs, Ohio">Yellow Springs, Ohio</a> during the mid-1980s. Their music quickly became popular throughout the area and on the <a href="/wiki/Antioch_College" title="Antioch College">Antioch College</a> campus. Band member Moriarty describes punk rock as a combination of emotion, temperament, rage and music.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Gits moved from Ohio to San Francisco and finally to Seattle, but not because of the up-and-coming music scene. Moriarty explains that "the idea was to just go up and pour your guts out" and to play their music and express their emotion. The group dissolved after Mia Zapata was murdered on July 7, 1993 by Jesus Mezquia. The remaining members went on to team up with <a href="/wiki/Joan_Jett" title="Joan Jett">Joan Jett</a> to issue the album Zapata's death had interrupted. Proceeds from the album, titled Evil Stig (Gits Live spelled backwards) went to fund an investigator into Zapata's death, which had become a cold case.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazzy_Star.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mazzy_Star.jpg/170px-Mazzy_Star.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mazzy_Star.jpg/255px-Mazzy_Star.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mazzy_Star.jpg/340px-Mazzy_Star.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hope_Sandoval" title="Hope Sandoval">Hope Sandoval</a> lead singer of <a href="/wiki/Mazzy_Star" title="Mazzy Star">Mazzy Star</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Romantic_photo_shoot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/New_Romantic_photo_shoot.jpg/170px-New_Romantic_photo_shoot.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/New_Romantic_photo_shoot.jpg/255px-New_Romantic_photo_shoot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/New_Romantic_photo_shoot.jpg/340px-New_Romantic_photo_shoot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1445" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bag" title="Alice Bag">Alice Bag</a> in the 80s</figcaption></figure> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Chicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicana">Chicanas</a> became "<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-MX">Punkeras</i></span>" and have contributed to the artistic conditions of production, gender relations, and the punk aesthetic that existed in the late 1970s and 1980s. The <a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">D-I-Y sensibility</a> at the core of punk musical subcultures found resonance with the practice of <a href="/wiki/Rasquache" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasquache">rasquache</a>, a Chicano cultural practice of "making do" with limited resources. In fact, young Chicanas had historically been at the forefront of formulating stylized social statements via the fashion and youth subculture, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Pachuco" title="Pachuco">Pachucos</a> and continuing with Chicana <a href="/wiki/Mod_revival" title="Mod revival">Mods</a> in the 1960s. Punk's critique of the status quo, poverty, sexuality, class inequalities, and war spoke directly to working class East Los Angeles youth.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bag" title="Alice Bag">Alice Bag</a> is an example of a <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-MX">punkera</i></span> that typifies the punk scene of the late 1970s. Born as Alicia Armendariz, she went by Alice Bag (also Alice Phallus, and Alice Douchbag) as her stage name. Armendariz's Chicana experience influenced her music career as projected her unrelenting emotions through punk music. Her music reflects an accumulated rage evolved from being made fun of for not speaking proper English and having to witness domestic violence at a young age.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She used her painful childhood experience as empowerment in the male-dominated field of <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> with her female lead band, <a href="/wiki/Bags_(Los_Angeles_band)" title="Bags (Los Angeles band)">Bags</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alice and the Bags are known to be responsible for "co-creating the first wave of California punk alongside the likes of <a href="/wiki/Black_Flag_(band)" title="Black Flag (band)">Black Flag</a>, <a href="/wiki/X_(American_band)" title="X (American band)">X</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Germs_(band)" title="Germs (band)">Germs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phranc" title="Phranc">Phranc</a> (then in <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Discipline" title="Catholic Discipline">Catholic Discipline</a>), and women that came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Go-Go%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Go-Go's">Go-Go's</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chicano_Rock,_1990s–present"><span id="Chicano_Rock.2C_1990s.E2.80.93present"></span>Chicano Rock, 1990s–present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chicano Rock, 1990s–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sonny_Sandoval_of_POD_performing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sonny_Sandoval_of_POD_performing.jpg/170px-Sonny_Sandoval_of_POD_performing.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sonny_Sandoval_of_POD_performing.jpg/255px-Sonny_Sandoval_of_POD_performing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sonny_Sandoval_of_POD_performing.jpg/340px-Sonny_Sandoval_of_POD_performing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Sandoval" title="Sonny Sandoval">Sonny Sandoval</a> of <a href="/wiki/P.O.D." title="P.O.D.">P.O.D.</a> at Uproar Festival 2012. Over the course of their career, the band has received three <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> nominations.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many popular Chicano and Chicano-led rock bands began to emerge during the mid and late 90s such as <a href="/wiki/P.O.D." title="P.O.D.">P.O.D.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Lonely_Boys" title="Los Lonely Boys">Los Lonely Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/MxPx" title="MxPx">MxPx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adema" title="Adema">Adema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downset_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Downset (band)">Downset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spineshank" title="Spineshank">Spineshank</a>, <a href="/wiki/At_the_Drive-In" title="At the Drive-In">At the Drive-In</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenix_TX" title="Fenix TX">Fenix TX</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnloco" title="Ünloco">Ünloco</a>, Union 13, <a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Glow_Skulls" title="Voodoo Glow Skulls">Voodoo Glow Skulls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozomatli" title="Ozomatli">Ozomatli</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Latin_Soul_Syndicate" title="Latin Soul Syndicate">Latin Soul Syndicate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/El_Vez" title="El Vez">El Vez</a>, the "Mexican Elvis." In the early 2000s the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive</a> Latin-influenced rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Volta" title="The Mars Volta">The Mars Volta</a> came onto the scene. </p><p>Modern age Chicana <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk rock band">punk rock band</a>, <a href="/wiki/Girl_in_a_Coma" title="Girl in a Coma">Girl in a Coma</a>, express their Chicana experience through their music and artistic expression. Girl in a Coma consists of three members, the two sisters, Nina Diaz, Phanie Diaz and their long time friend, Jenn Alva. Although they claim that they do not consider themselves to be a Latin rock group due to their lack of Spanish speaking fluency, it can't be denied that they are a reflection of the <a href="/wiki/Chicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicana">Chicana</a> experience. Furthermore, their inability to speak Spanish fluently did not restrict them from releasing their album, "Trio B.C" that plays tribute to the sisters' grandfather's <a href="/wiki/Tejano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejano">tejano</a> band in which they recorded the last track, "Ven Cera", completely in Spanish. <a href="/wiki/Girl_in_a_Coma" title="Girl in a Coma">Girl in a Coma</a> are the modern <a href="/wiki/Chicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicana">Chicana</a> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-MX">punkeras</i></span> that have already picked up quite the large audience since their 2007 debut with their "all-American" punk rock feel. Although, the Latin undertones of their roots are not prominent in their current records, there is a possibility that they will be in their future records as Nina Diaz has stated that she's been trying to learn Spanish here and there but it is in her plans to someday write an album completely in Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2020s, a new generation of Chicano rock artists, influenced by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Cafe_Tacuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Cafe Tacuba">Cafe Tacuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tame_Impala" title="Tame Impala">Tame Impala</a>, have incorporated <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> elements into regional Mexican-style music. <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Cornejo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Cornejo">Ivan Cornejo</a>, for example, first gained prominence for his "indie Sierreño" style of music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_politics_of_Chicano/a_rock"><span id="Cultural_politics_of_Chicano.2Fa_rock"></span>Cultural politics of Chicano/a rock</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultural politics of Chicano/a rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Go_At_it_Now!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Go_At_it_Now%21.jpg/170px-Go_At_it_Now%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Go_At_it_Now%21.jpg/255px-Go_At_it_Now%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Go_At_it_Now%21.jpg/340px-Go_At_it_Now%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zack_de_la_Rocha" title="Zack de la Rocha">Zack de la Rocha</a> on stage with <a href="/wiki/Rage_Against_the_Machine" title="Rage Against the Machine">Rage Against the Machine</a> in 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>Zacharias Manuel de la Rocha is an activist is best known as the vocalist and lyricist of rock band <a href="/wiki/Rage_Against_the_Machine" title="Rage Against the Machine">Rage Against the Machine</a>. Rage Against the Machine songs express <a href="/wiki/Political_views_and_activism_of_Rage_Against_the_Machine" title="Political views and activism of Rage Against the Machine">revolutionary political views</a>. As of 2010, they had sold over 16 million records worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-WordPress_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WordPress-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chicano rock music is being led by a wave of socially and politically active Latin-fusion bands that emerged and gained popularity in the 1990s such as <a href="/wiki/Aztlan_Underground" title="Aztlan Underground">Aztlan Underground</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozomatli" title="Ozomatli">Ozomatli</a>, Lysa Flores, <a href="/wiki/Quinto_Sol" title="Quinto Sol">Quinto Sol</a> and more. Their music in general pulls from other genres (soul, <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a>, reggae, and rap) and utilizes multilingual lyrics (in Spanish, English and Nahuatl) and takes themes like urban exile, indigenous identity and multiracial unity and layers them in order to put into the spotlight important social issues. These artists in particular have been exceptionally successful due to the millions of Latinos in Los Angeles, California that are bilingual/bicultural. One of the larger purposes of the music is to draw attention to "present conditions of oppression and disenfranchisement" in the East L.A. scene, and to provide a form of political possibility to those who are less powerful (financially, socially, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Alacranes' frontman, <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_%22Chunky%22_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Ramón "Chunky" Sánchez">Ramón "Chunky" Sánchez</a>, once said that Chicano rock lies “somewhere between Pedro Infante and the Rolling Stones.” This categorization, or lack-thereof, by Sánchez demonstrates that Chicano rock might be characterized by an identity rather than a musical style.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chicano/a_rock_as_a_global_phenomenon"><span id="Chicano.2Fa_rock_as_a_global_phenomenon"></span>Chicano/a rock as a global phenomenon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chicano/a rock as a global phenomenon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Hidalgo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/David_Hidalgo.jpg/200px-David_Hidalgo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/David_Hidalgo.jpg/300px-David_Hidalgo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/David_Hidalgo.jpg/400px-David_Hidalgo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Hidalgo" title="David Hidalgo">David Hidalgo</a> performing with Los Lobos on the South Lawn of the White House, October 13, 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>Chicano rock's origins in diverse places like Los Angeles and San Francisco requires us to consider the many cultures that went into its creation. Shared experiences of discrimination have led black and Latinx communities to build what <a href="/wiki/George_Lipsitz" title="George Lipsitz">George Lipsitz</a> called "a ‘historical bloc’ of oppositional groups united in ideas and intentions if not experience."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A shared experience in America amongst members of Lipsitz's "historical bloc" led to cultural, and musical, fusion that transcends national borders. Jesus Velo of 1970s Chicano punk band, Los Illegals, has said "We [had] no choice but to just absorb each other’s rhythms and patterns."<sup id="cite_ref-Yang_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yang-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through this fusion, international musical styles mixed with American rock to create something novel and multicultural. Mexican-American artists' music in this era has been labelled 'Chicano rock.' It's undeniable that Chicano rock helped create a distinct Mexican-American identity, but this includes elements of other Latin American nations.<sup id="cite_ref-Yang_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yang-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, Latin American nations' musical styles were not developed in isolation. Loza writes, "Latin America must be considered a cultural entity much like that of other continental areas––for example, the United States, Europe and East Asia––where intercultural expression ultimately signifies various national identities and 'characters'."<sup id="cite_ref-Loza_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loza-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latin American nations are built on a mix of indigenous, colonist, and African peoples, and their music reflects contributions from these different cultures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Tex-Mex music">Tex-Mex music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-eyed_soul" title="Brown-eyed soul">Brown-eyed soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_Funk" class="mw-redirect" title="G Funk">G Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rap" title="Chicano rap">Chicano rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Chicano" title="El Chicano">El Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo" title="Boogaloo">Boogaloo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302212019/http://americansabor.org/musicians/styles/chicano-rock">"Rock Chicano - American Sabor"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americansabor.org/musicians/styles/chicano-rock">the original</a> on March 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rock+Chicano+-+American+Sabor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericansabor.org%2Fmusicians%2Fstyles%2Fchicano-rock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger" class="citation web cs1">Unterberger, Ritchie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/thee-midniters-mn0000490304/biography">"Biography"</a>. AllMusic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.aulast=Unterberger&rft.aufirst=Ritchie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fthee-midniters-mn0000490304%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/war-mn0000191947/biography">"War| Biography & History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=War%7C+Biography+%26+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fwar-mn0000191947%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson2023" class="citation web cs1">Swanson, Dave (May 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ultimateclassicrock.com/mexican-american-rock-musicians/">"Examining Mexican-Americans' Contributions to Classic Rock History"</a>. <i>Ultimate Classic Rock</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ultimate+Classic+Rock&rft.atitle=Examining+Mexican-Americans%27+Contributions+to+Classic+Rock+History&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fultimateclassicrock.com%2Fmexican-american-rock-musicians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/rocky-padilla-mn0000291517/discography">"Rocky Paddila"</a>. <i>All music</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+music&rft.atitle=Rocky+Paddila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Frocky-padilla-mn0000291517%2Fdiscography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegoreader.com/bands/rosie-and-originals">"Rosie and the Originals"</a>. <i>San Diego Reader</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Reader&rft.atitle=Rosie+and+the+Originals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegoreader.com%2Fbands%2Frosie-and-originals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-04-me-tosti4-story.html">"Don Tosti, 81; Inspired Latin Music Craze"</a>. August 4, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Don+Tosti%2C+81%3B+Inspired+Latin+Music+Craze&rft.date=2004-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2004-aug-04-me-tosti4-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nohoartsdistrict.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nohoartsdistrict.com_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nohoartsdistrict.com_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nohoartsdistrict.com_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nohoartsdistrict.com_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldman" class="citation web cs1">Waldman, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nohoartsdistrict.com/spotlight/item/1420-the-story-of-chicano-rock-roll-part-2-of-2#.U4-pkrsU-W8">"The Story of Chicano Rock & Roll Part 2 of 2 - NoHoArtsDistrict.com"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Chicano+Rock+%26+Roll+Part+2+of+2+-+NoHoArtsDistrict.com&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nohoartsdistrict.com%2Fspotlight%2Fitem%2F1420-the-story-of-chicano-rock-roll-part-2-of-2%23.U4-pkrsU-W8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/ritchie-valens-38193#early-life&awesm=~oGaYZ0CViTy7QI">"Ritchie Valens"</a>. <i>Biography.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=Ritchie+Valens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fritchie-valens-38193%23early-life%26awesm%3D~oGaYZ0CViTy7QI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegram-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegram_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203934/http://www.presstelegram.com/passages/ci_4371644">"A toast to 'Tequila!' singer - Press-Telegram"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presstelegram.com/passages/ci_4371644">the original</a> on September 27, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+toast+to+%27Tequila%21%27+singer+-+Press-Telegram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presstelegram.com%2Fpassages%2Fci_4371644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0530382/bio">"Trini Lopez Biography"</a>. IMDb.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trini+Lopez+Biography&rft.pub=IMDb.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0530382%2Fbio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/the-songs-remain-the-same/">"The Songs Remain the Same"</a>. <i>Texas Monthly</i>. March 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Monthly&rft.atitle=The+Songs+Remain+the+Same&rft.date=2007-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasmonthly.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-songs-remain-the-same%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rockwest.tv/barry-rillera.php">"Barry Rillera"</a>. <i>rockwest.tv</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rockwest.tv&rft.atitle=Barry+Rillera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frockwest.tv%2Fbarry-rillera.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpting2014" class="citation news cs1">Epting, Chris (May 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190624063913/https://www.latimes.com/tn-hbi-me-0508-pipeline-20140506-story.html">"In the Pipeline: Barry Rillera is living rock history"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/tn-hbi-me-0508-pipeline-20140506-story.html">the original</a> on June 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+the+Pipeline%3A+Barry+Rillera+is+living+rock+history&rft.date=2014-05-06&rft.aulast=Epting&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Ftn-hbi-me-0508-pipeline-20140506-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101034123/http://www.pbs.org/programs/chicano-rock/">"Chicano Rock!|The Sounds of East Los Angeles"</a>. <i>PBS Programs - PBS</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/programs/chicano-rock/">the original</a> on November 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+Programs+-+PBS&rft.atitle=Chicano+Rock%21%7CThe+Sounds+of+East+Los+Angeles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fprograms%2Fchicano-rock%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlive.com/news/saginaw/index.ssf/2012/10/fifty_years_later_question_mar.html">"Fifty years later, Question Mark and the Mysterians as mysterious as ever"</a>. <i>MLive.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MLive.com&rft.atitle=Fifty+years+later%2C+Question+Mark+and+the+Mysterians+as+mysterious+as+ever&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlive.com%2Fnews%2Fsaginaw%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F10%2Ffifty_years_later_question_mar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernandez2010" class="citation book cs1">Hernandez, Deborah Pacini (January 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zNcJkzg1OuQC&pg=PA172"><i>Oye Como Va!: Hybridity and Identity in Latino Popular Music</i></a>. Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439900918" title="Special:BookSources/9781439900918"><bdi>9781439900918</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oye+Como+Va%21%3A+Hybridity+and+Identity+in+Latino+Popular+Music&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2010-01-25&rft.isbn=9781439900918&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=Deborah+Pacini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzNcJkzg1OuQC%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cheechandchong.com">"Official website"</a>. <i>Cheech & Chong</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cheech+%26+Chong&rft.atitle=Official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cheechandchong.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipsitz" class="citation book cs1">Lipsitz, George. <i>Modernity and Modernism, Postmodernity and Postmodernism</i>. University of Minnesota Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1354360">1354360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernity+and+Modernism%2C+Postmodernity+and+Postmodernism&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1354360%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lipsitz&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViesca2004" class="citation journal cs1">Viesca, Victor Hugo (September 13, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/172854">"The Battle of Los Angeles: The Cultural Politics of Chicana/o Music in the Greater Eastside"</a>. <i>American Quarterly</i>. <b>56</b> (3): 719–739. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Faq.2004.0045">10.1353/aq.2004.0045</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143471138">143471138</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2017</span> – via Project MUSE.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Los+Angeles%3A+The+Cultural+Politics+of+Chicana%2Fo+Music+in+the+Greater+Eastside&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=719-739&rft.date=2004-09-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Faq.2004.0045&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143471138%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Viesca&rft.aufirst=Victor+Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F172854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201810/http://americansabor.org/musicians/linda-ronstadt-0">"Linda Ronstadt - American Sabor"</a>. <i>americansabor.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americansabor.org/musicians/linda-ronstadt-0">the original</a> on October 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americansabor.org&rft.atitle=Linda+Ronstadt+-+American+Sabor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericansabor.org%2Fmusicians%2Flinda-ronstadt-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerrero" class="citation web cs1">Guerrero, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://markguerrero.com/misc_27.php">"Maldita Vecindad: Bridging Mexican and Chicano Rock"</a>. <i>markguerrero.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=markguerrero.com&rft.atitle=Maldita+Vecindad%3A+Bridging+Mexican+and+Chicano+Rock&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarkguerrero.com%2Fmisc_27.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalas" class="citation web cs1">Salas, Abel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218222229/http://renegadeusa.com/members/e107_plugins/wrap/wrap.php?11">"Chicano rock-gods"</a>. <i>Ritmo Beat Magazine</i>. Photographer, Chris Jurgenson. Renegade World Music. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://renegadeusa.com/members/e107_plugins/wrap/wrap.php?11">the original</a> on February 18, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ritmo+Beat+Magazine&rft.atitle=Chicano+rock-gods&rft.aulast=Salas&rft.aufirst=Abel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frenegadeusa.com%2Fmembers%2Fe107_plugins%2Fwrap%2Fwrap.php%3F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7byydLZVoc">"David Hasselhoff Introducing Renegade at 30 Million Platinum Sales Award event"</a>. November 19, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/D7byydLZVoc">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021 – via Youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Hasselhoff+Introducing+Renegade+at+30+Million+Platinum+Sales+Award+event&rft.date=2008-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DD7byydLZVoc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://video.iowapbs.org/video/sound-tracks-ozomatli-the-quick-hits-interview">"Ozomatli"</a>. <i>Sound Tracks</i>. Iowa PBS. December 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sound+Tracks&rft.atitle=Ozomatli&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvideo.iowapbs.org%2Fvideo%2Fsound-tracks-ozomatli-the-quick-hits-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/196603">"An Evening with Legendary Chicano Rock Band QUETZAL"</a>. June 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Evening+with+Legendary+Chicano+Rock+Band+QUETZAL&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brownpapertickets.com%2Fevent%2F196603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarson1997" class="citation book cs1">Larson, Susan (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28212990"><i>Rock and Revolution: An Interview with El Vez, the Mexican Elvis</i></a>. pp. 141–152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+and+Revolution%3A+An+Interview+with+El+Vez%2C+the+Mexican+Elvis&rft.pages=141-152&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F28212990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2003/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/13/punk.box/index.html">"The revolution that saved rock"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. November 13, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+revolution+that+saved+rock&rft.date=2003-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2003%2FSHOWBIZ%2FMusic%2F11%2F13%2Fpunk.box%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitney_Seibold2016" class="citation web cs1">Whitney Seibold (October 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blumhouse.com/2016/08/08/the-time-rocker-joan-jett-helped-apprehend-a-killer/">"The Time Rocker Joan Jett Helped Apprehend a Killer"</a>. Blumhouse.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Time+Rocker+Joan+Jett+Helped+Apprehend+a+Killer&rft.pub=Blumhouse.com&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft.au=Whitney+Seibold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blumhouse.com%2F2016%2F08%2F08%2Fthe-time-rocker-joan-jett-helped-apprehend-a-killer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaha2005" class="citation book cs1">Raha, Maria (2005). <i>Look Right Through Me</i>. Emeryville, CA: Seal. pp. 165–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1580051163" title="Special:BookSources/978-1580051163"><bdi>978-1580051163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Look+Right+Through+Me.&rft.place=Emeryville%2C+CA&rft.pages=165-69&rft.pub=Seal&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1580051163&rft.aulast=Raha&rft.aufirst=Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabell-Pallan2005" class="citation book cs1">Habell-Pallan, Michelle (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xS7uAAAAMAAJ"><i>Loca Motion: The Travels of Chicana/Latina Popular Culture</i></a>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814736623" title="Special:BookSources/9780814736623"><bdi>9780814736623</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loca+Motion%3A+The+Travels+of+Chicana%2FLatina+Popular+Culture&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780814736623&rft.aulast=Habell-Pallan&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxS7uAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeggel" class="citation book cs1">Seggel, Heather. <i>Violence Girl: East L.A. Rage to Hollywood Stage, a Chicana Punk Story</i>. p. 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Violence+Girl%3A+East+L.A.+Rage+to+Hollywood+Stage%2C+a+Chicana+Punk+Story&rft.pages=54&rft.aulast=Seggel&rft.aufirst=Heather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO" class="citation news cs1">O, Kelly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/chicana-punk/Content?oid=12831786">"Chicana Punk Four Reasons You Should Know Alice Bag"</a>. <i>The Stranger</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Stranger&rft.atitle=Chicana+Punk+Four+Reasons+You+Should+Know+Alice+Bag&rft.aulast=O&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestranger.com%2Fseattle%2Fchicana-punk%2FContent%3Foid%3D12831786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Phil. <i>These Latinas May Rock, but Girl in a Coma Isn't Making Latin Rock</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=These+Latinas+May+Rock%2C+but+Girl+in+a+Coma+Isn%27t+Making+Latin+Rock&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WordPress-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WordPress_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerdini2010" class="citation web cs1">Berdini, Valerio (June 9, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liveon35mm.wordpress.com/2010/06/09/rage-against-the-machine">"live on 35mm.Berdini,Valerio"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718102220/http://liveon35mm.wordpress.com/2010/06/09/rage-against-the-machine/">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=live+on+35mm.Berdini%2CValerio&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.aulast=Berdini&rft.aufirst=Valerio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliveon35mm.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F06%2F09%2Frage-against-the-machine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViesca2004" class="citation journal cs1">Viesca, Victor Hugo (September 2004). "The Battle of Los Angeles: The Cultural Politics of Chicana/o Music in the Greater Eastside". <i>American Quarterly</i>. <b>56</b> (3). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 719–720. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Faq.2004.0045">10.1353/aq.2004.0045</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40068240">40068240</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143471138">143471138</a>. <q>Los Angeles and the Future of Urban Cultures</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Los+Angeles%3A+The+Cultural+Politics+of+Chicana%2Fo+Music+in+the+Greater+Eastside&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=719-720&rft.date=2004-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143471138%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40068240%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Faq.2004.0045&rft.aulast=Viesca&rft.aufirst=Victor+Hugo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzcona2008" class="citation book cs1">Azcona, Stevan Cesar (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/304482559"><i>Movements in Chicano music: Performing culture, performing politics, 1965–1979</i></a>. p. 3. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/304482559">304482559</a> – via ProQuest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Movements+in+Chicano+music%3A+Performing+culture%2C+performing+politics%2C+1965%E2%80%931979&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Azcona&rft.aufirst=Stevan+Cesar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F304482559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipsitz1986–1987" class="citation journal cs1">Lipsitz, George (Winter 1986–1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1354360.pdf">"Cruising around the Historical Bloc: Postmodernism and Popular Music in East Los Angeles"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cultural Critique</i>. <b>5</b> (Modernity and Modernism, Postmodernity and Postmodernism): 160. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1354360">10.2307/1354360</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1354360">1354360</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Critique&rft.atitle=Cruising+around+the+Historical+Bloc%3A+Postmodernism+and+Popular+Music+in+East+Los+Angeles&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=Modernity+and+Modernism%2C+Postmodernity+and+Postmodernism&rft.pages=160&rft.date=1986%2F1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1354360&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1354360%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lipsitz&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F1354360.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yang-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yang_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yang_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2008" class="citation book cs1">Yang, Mina (2008). <i>California Polyphony: Ethnic Voices, Musical Crossroads</i>. University of Illinois Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252032431" title="Special:BookSources/9780252032431"><bdi>9780252032431</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California+Polyphony%3A+Ethnic+Voices%2C+Musical+Crossroads&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780252032431&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Mina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loza-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loza_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoza2019" class="citation book cs1">Loza, Steven Joseph (2019). <i>Barrio Harmonics: Essays on Chicano/Latino Music</i>. UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center Press. pp. 116, 128–129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780895511676" title="Special:BookSources/9780895511676"><bdi>9780895511676</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barrio+Harmonics%3A+Essays+on+Chicano%2FLatino+Music&rft.pages=116%2C+128-129&rft.pub=UCLA+Chicano+Studies+Research+Center+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780895511676&rft.aulast=Loza&rft.aufirst=Steven+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoza1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Loza" title="Steven Loza">Loza, Steven Joseph</a> (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/barriorhythmmexi00loza"><i>Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American music in Los Angeles</i></a></span>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-06288-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-06288-4"><bdi>0-252-06288-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barrio+Rhythm%3A+Mexican+American+music+in+Los+Angeles&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-252-06288-4&rft.aulast=Loza&rft.aufirst=Steven+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbarriorhythmmexi00loza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonsalvo1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Monsalvo, C. Sergio (1989). <i>La canción del inmigrante: de Aztlán a Los Lobos</i> (in Spanish). México, D.F.: Tinta Negra. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/968-6336-01-X" title="Special:BookSources/968-6336-01-X"><bdi>968-6336-01-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+canci%C3%B3n+del+inmigrante%3A+de+Aztl%C3%A1n+a+Los+Lobos&rft.place=M%C3%A9xico%2C+D.F.&rft.pub=Tinta+Negra&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=968-6336-01-X&rft.aulast=Monsalvo&rft.aufirst=C.+Sergio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReyesWaldman1998" class="citation book cs1">Reyes, David; Waldman, Tom (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/landofthousandda00reyes"><i>Land of a Thousand Dances: Chicano rock 'n' roll from Southern California</i></a></span>. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8263-1929-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8263-1929-7"><bdi>0-8263-1929-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+of+a+Thousand+Dances%3A+Chicano+rock+%27n%27+roll+from+Southern+California&rft.place=Albuquerque&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8263-1929-7&rft.aulast=Reyes&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Waldman%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flandofthousandda00reyes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://markguerrero.net./articles.php">"articles on Chicano Rock"</a>. Guerrero, Mark. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=articles+on+Chicano+Rock&rft.pub=Guerrero%2C+Mark&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarkguerrero.net.%2Farticles.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicano+rock" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chicano_and_Mexican_American_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chicano_and_Mexican_American_topics" title="Template:Chicano and Mexican American topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chicano_and_Mexican_American_topics" title="Template talk:Chicano and Mexican American topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chicano_and_Mexican_American_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chicano and Mexican American topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chicano_and_Mexican_American_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican American</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Raza" title="La Raza">La Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholo_(subculture)" title="Cholo (subculture)">Cholo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachuco" title="Pachuco">Pachuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinto_(subculture)" title="Pinto (subculture)">Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xicanx" title="Xicanx">Xicanx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Chicano Movement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1917_Bath_riots" title="1917 Bath riots">1917 Bath riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisbee_Deportation" title="Bisbee Deportation">Bisbee Deportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracero program">Bracero program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_and_Mexican_Americans_in_the_Korean_War" title="Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Matanza_(1910%E2%80%931920)" title="La Matanza (1910–1920)">La Matanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation" title="Mexican Repatriation">Mexican Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">Operation Wetback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_of_San_Diego" title="Plan of San Diego">Plan de San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porvenir_massacre_(1918)" title="Porvenir massacre (1918)">Porvenir Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Lagoon_murder" title="Sleepy Lagoon murder">Sleepy Lagoon trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_Suit_Riots" title="Zoot Suit Riots">Zoot Suit Riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chicano_Movement" title="Chicano Movement">Chicano Movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztl%C3%A1n" title="Aztlán">Aztlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%B3licos_por_La_Raza" title="Católicos por La Raza">Católicos por La Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Arte_P%C3%BAblico" title="Centro de Arte Público">Centro de Arte Público</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicanismo" title="Chicanismo">Chicanismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_feminism" title="Chicana feminism">Chicana feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_L.A._walkouts" title="East L.A. walkouts">Chicano Blowouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_Moratorium" title="Chicano Moratorium">Chicano Moratorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Cultural_Center_for_Latino_Arts" title="Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts">Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCUN" title="PCUN">PCUN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Espiritual_de_Aztl%C3%A1n" title="Plan Espiritual de Aztlán">Plan Espiritual de Aztlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_de_Santa_B%C3%A1rbara" title="Plan de Santa Bárbara">Plan de Santa Bárbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Farm_Workers" title="United Farm Workers">Farm workers' rights campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alianza_Federal_de_Mercedes" title="Alianza Federal de Mercedes">Land grant struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_Cesar_Chavez" title="Colegio Cesar Chavez">Colegio César Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Siete_de_la_Raza" title="Los Siete de la Raza">Los Siete de la Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Seis_de_Boulder" title="Los Seis de Boulder">Los Seis de Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Catalina_Island" title="Occupation of Catalina Island">Occupation of Catalina Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Chicano Movement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztl%C3%A1n" title="Aztlán">Aztlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985%E2%80%931987_Watsonville_Cannery_strike" title="1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike">1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_drywall_strike" title="Southern California drywall strike">1992 Drywall Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">2019 El Paso shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolish_ICE" title="Abolish ICE">Abolish ICE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070" title="Arizona SB 1070">Arizona SB 1070</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Castro 2020 presidential campaign">Castro 2020</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">DACA</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Boycott" title="Great American Boycott">Great American Boycott</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986">IRCA</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_for_Janitors" title="Justice for Janitors">Justice for Janitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo" title="Killing of Adam Toledo">Killing of Adam Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Selena" title="Murder of Selena">Murder of Selena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_crews" title="Party crews">Party crews</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1994_California_Proposition_187" title="1994 California Proposition 187">Proposition 187</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xicanx" title="Xicanx">Xicanx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Anti-Mexican sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Chicano)" title="Caló (Chicano)">Caló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_cinema" title="Chicano cinema">Chicano cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_literature" title="Chicano literature">Chicano literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_names" title="Chicano names">Chicano names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_poetry" title="Chicano poetry">Chicano poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_Park" title="Chicano Park">Chicano Park</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chicano rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rap" title="Chicano rap">Chicano rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinco_de_Mayo" title="Cinco de Mayo">Cinco de Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrada_Courts_murals" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrada Courts murals">Estrada Courts murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican-American_cuisine" title="Mexican-American cuisine">Mexican-American cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican-American_folklore" title="Mexican-American folklore">Mexican-American folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican-American_women%27s_fashion" title="Mexican-American women's fashion">Mexican-American women's fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%B1o" title="Paño">Paño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Mexican" title="Regional Mexican">Regional Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skull_art" title="Skull art">Skull art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Campesino" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro Campesino">Teatro Campesino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tex-Mex cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla_art" title="Tortilla art">Tortilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_suit" title="Zoot suit">Zoot suit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chicana/o Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrioization" title="Barrioization">Barrioization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyolxauhqui_imperative" title="Coyolxauhqui imperative">Coyolxauhqui imperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gringo_justice" title="Gringo justice">Gringo justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepantla" title="Nepantla">Nepantla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_tribalism" title="New tribalism">New tribalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasquachismo" title="Rasquachismo">Rasquachismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_activism" title="Spiritual activism">Spiritual activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verg%C3%BCenza_(social_concept)" title="Vergüenza (social concept)">Vergüenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_control_complex" title="Youth control complex">Youth control complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Botiller_v._Dominguez" title="Botiller v. Dominguez">Botiller v. Dominguez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hernandez_v._Texas" title="Hernandez v. Texas">Hernandez v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Independent_School_District_v._Rodriguez" title="San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez">San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Espinoza_v._Farah_Manufacturing_Co." title="Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.">Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Brignoni-Ponce" title="United States v. Brignoni-Ponce">U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plyler_v._Doe" title="Plyler v. Doe">Plyler v. Doe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_v._Texas" title="Medellín v. Texas">Medellín v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flores-Figueroa_v._United_States" title="Flores-Figueroa v. United States">Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leal_Garcia_v._Texas" title="Leal Garcia v. Texas">Leal Garcia v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mendez_v._Westminster" title="Mendez v. Westminster">Mendez v. Westminster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bernal_v._Fainter" title="Bernal v. Fainter">Bernal v. Fainter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California">DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By city and region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arizona <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Tucson" title="History of Mexican Americans in Tucson">Tucson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in California">California</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Mexican Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_San_Diego" title="Hispanics and Latinos in San Diego">San Diego</a>)</li> <li>California (<a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californios</a>)</li> <li>Colorado (<a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Colorado" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Colorado">Denver</a>)</li> <li>Illinois (<a href="/wiki/Mexicans_in_Chicago" title="Mexicans in Chicago">Chicago</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicans in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li>Maryland (<a href="/wiki/Upper_Fell%27s_Point" title="Upper Fell's Point">Baltimore</a>)</li> <li>Michigan (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Metro_Detroit" title="History of Mexican Americans in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a>)</li> <li>Nebraska (<a href="/wiki/Mexicans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Mexicans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a>)</li> <li>New Mexico (<a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Nuevomexicanos</a>)</li> <li>New York (<a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_City#Mexican" title="Demographics of New York City">New York City</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicans in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_in_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of Mexican Americans in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of Mexican Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of Mexican Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li></ul></li> <li>Texas (<a href="/wiki/Tejano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejano">Tejanos</a>)</li> <li>Utah (<a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Utah" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Utah">Salt Lake Valley</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chicano poets">Chicano poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_Hispanic-majority_populations_in_the_2010_census" title="List of U.S. communities with Hispanic-majority populations in the 2010 census">U.S. communities with Hispanic majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_Americans" title="List of Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican-American_writers" title="List of Mexican-American writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="List of Hispanic and Latino Americans">List of Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American_bibliography" title="Mexican American bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican-American_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mexican-American communities">List of Mexican-American communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican-American_political_organizations" title="List of Mexican-American political organizations">List of Mexican-American political organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chicano" title="Category:Chicano">Category:Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Mexican_descent" title="Category:American people of Mexican descent">Category:American people of Mexican descent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_music" title="Template:Rock music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_music" title="Template talk:Rock music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">Backbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">Rock band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Electric bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres by<br />decade of origin<br /><span class="nobold">(sub-subgenres <br />not included)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_rock" title="Instrumental rock">Instrumental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">Surf music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_rock" title="Flamenco rock">Flamenco rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_rock" title="Occult rock">Occult rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">Arena rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cock_rock" title="Cock rock">Cock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_rock" title="Funk rock">Funk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">Glam rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub rock (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">Pub rock (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_rock" title="Shock rock">Shock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rock" title="Tropical rock">Trop rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_rock" title="Viking rock">Viking rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_rock" title="American rock">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_Canada" title="Rock music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica#Rock_music" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_rock" title="Haitian rock">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chicano rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Albania" title="Rock music in Albania">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belarus" title="Rock music in Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belgium" title="Rock music in Belgium">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rock music in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Rock" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Denmark" title="Rock music in Denmark">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rock music in the Netherlands">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indorock" title="Indorock">Indorock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Estonia" title="Rock music in Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_France" title="Rock music in France">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Germany" title="Rock music in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Greece" title="Rock music in Greece">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Hungary" title="Rock music in Hungary">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Iceland" title="Rock music in Iceland">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Italy" title="Rock music in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Latvia" title="Rock music in Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Rock_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Norway" title="Rock music in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Poland" title="Rock music in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Portugal" title="Rock music in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Romania" title="Rock music in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Serbia" title="Rock music in Serbia">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Slovenia" title="Rock music in Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Sweden" title="Popular music in Sweden">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Switzerland" title="Rock music in Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ukraine" title="Rock music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li>Yugoslavian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Art_rock" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Hard_rock_and_heavy_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Hard rock and heavy metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Extreme_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Extreme metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Neo-rockabilly" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Neo-rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music_in_Yugoslavia" title="New wave music in Yugoslavia">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Post-punk" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_rock" title="Bangladeshi rock">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia#Cambodian_rock_and_pop" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rock_(1960s%E2%80%931970s)" title="Cambodian rock (1960s–1970s)">1959–1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_rock" title="Chinese rock">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisrock" title="Bisrock">Bisrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rock" title="Indian rock">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_West_Bengal" title="Rock music of West Bengal">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rock" title="Indonesian rock">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rock" title="Iranian rock">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_rock" title="Israeli rock">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_rock" title="Malaysian rock">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rock" title="Pakistani rock">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_rock" title="Taiwanese rock">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_rock" title="Thai rock">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Angola" title="Rock music in Angola">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Sahara desert region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_New_Zealand" title="Rock music in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_rock" title="Active rock">Active rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">Album-oriented rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_rock" title="Mainstream rock">Mainstream rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>History</li><li>Culture</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_rock_music" title="List of years in rock music">List of years in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll">Origins of rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_music" title="Social effects of rock music">Social effects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Racism" title="Rock Against Racism">Rock Against Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_and_the_fall_of_communism" title="Rock music and the fall of communism">Rock music and the fall of communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_rock" title="Women in rock">Women in rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorik" title="Motorik">Motorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_concert" title="Rock concert">Rock concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">Rock festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_musical" title="Rock musical">Rock musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">Rock opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnerian_rock" title="Wagnerian rock">Wagnerian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_music" title="Category:Rock music">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template talk:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music genres in the <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanosphere</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnavalito" title="Carnavalito">Carnavalito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablada" title="Diablada">Diablada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenada" title="Morenada">Morenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saya_(art_form)" title="Saya (art form)">Saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinku" title="Tinku">Tinku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spaniard folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa (from <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1a_(genre)" title="Malagueña (genre)">Malagueña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urbano_music" title="Urbano music">Latin urban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_R%26B" title="Latin R&B">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Trap</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reggaeton" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachat%C3%B3n" title="Bachatón">Bachatón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoperreo" title="Neoperreo">Neoperreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_reggaet%C3%B3n" title="Panamanian reggaetón">Panamanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litoraleña</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarania_(music)" title="Guarania (music)">Guarania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_polka" title="Paraguayan polka">Paraguayan polka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Peruvian coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festejo" title="Festejo">Festejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%B3_(music)" title="Landó (music)">Landó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_de_los_Diablos" title="Son de los Diablos">Son de los Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_Mata" title="Toro Mata">Toro Mata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondero" title="Tondero">Tondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals criollo">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_trova" title="Nueva trova">Nueva trova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_styles_of_Mexican_music" title="Regional styles of Mexican music">Regional<br />Mexican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corridos_tumbados" title="Corridos tumbados">Corridos tumbados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunto" title="Conjunto">Conjunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupera" title="Grupera">Grupera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">Duranguense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">Jarabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Cone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cebolla" title="Música cebolla">Música cebolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murga" title="Murga">Murga</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tango" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (music)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional folk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gato_(artform)" title="Gato (artform)">Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_mexicano" title="Son mexicano">Mexican Son</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jalisciense" title="Son jalisciense">jalisciense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">jarocho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">Tonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_(artform)" title="Zamba (artform)">Zamba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">Cha-cha-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%C3%BC%C3%AD" title="Changüí">Changüí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Cuba)" title="Charanga (Cuba)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga_(music)" title="Conga (music)">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">Méringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachanga" title="Pachanga">Pachanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">Rumba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3" title="Guaguancó">Guaguancó</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_dura" title="Salsa dura">dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">romántica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_cubano" title="Son cubano">Son cubano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_montuno" title="Son montuno">montuno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">Trova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charanga-vallenata" title="Charanga-vallenata">Charanga-vallenata</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cumbia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cumbia" title="Argentine cumbia">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullerengue" title="Bullerengue">Bullerengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Colombia)" title="Cumbia (Colombia)">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cumbia" title="Mexican cumbia">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Chilean_cumbia" title="New Chilean cumbia">New Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Panama)" title="Cumbia (Panama)">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_villera" title="Cumbia villera">Villera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachaca_(musical_genre)" title="Cachaca (musical genre)">Cachaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba del Chota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapal%C3%A9" title="Mapalé">Mapalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_(dance)" title="Tambor (dance)">Tambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguinaldo_(music)" title="Aguinaldo (music)">Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canci%C3%B3n_mel%C3%B3dica" title="Canción melódica">Canción melódica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criolla" title="Criolla">Criolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">Décima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preg%C3%B3n" title="Pregón">Pregón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punto_guajiro" title="Punto guajiro">Punto guajiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_music_subgenres" title="List of Latin music subgenres">subgenres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines#Hispanic-influenced_music" title="Music of the Philippines">Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&oldid=1258178982">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&oldid=1258178982</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chicano_rock" title="Category:Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_music_genres" title="Category:20th-century music genres">20th-century music genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_music_genres" title="Category:21st-century music genres">21st-century music genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_California" title="Category:Music of California">Music of California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Los_Angeles" title="Category:Music of Los Angeles">Music of Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chicano" title="Category:Chicano">Chicano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mexican-American_culture" title="Category:Mexican-American culture">Mexican-American culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mexican_styles_of_music" title="Category:Mexican styles of music">Mexican styles of music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_music_genres" title="Category:Rock music genres">Rock music genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hispanic_American_music" title="Category:Hispanic American music">Hispanic American music</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2017" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2017">Use mdy dates from October 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 15:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicano_rock&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5w7wd","wgBackendResponseTime":155,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.775","walltime":"1.014","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3855,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":276157,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13871,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":408940,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 758.079 1 -total"," 34.54% 261.809 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.95% 143.684 22 Template:Cite_web"," 17.24% 130.681 1 Template:Chicano_and_Mexican_American_topics_sidebar"," 16.93% 128.329 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 13.58% 102.946 1 Template:Short_description"," 12.97% 98.332 3 Template:Lang"," 10.58% 80.238 9 Template:Sidebar"," 8.99% 68.181 8 Template:Navbox"," 7.94% 60.217 13 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.442","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26841318,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-h67qk","timestamp":"20241122142830","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Chicano rock","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicano_rock","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16241990","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16241990","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-01-03T02:23:48Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T15:30:07Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/51\/UFW_Flag.svg","headline":"music genre; rock music performed by Mexican American groups or music with themes derived from Chicano culture"}</script> </body> </html>