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En 1974, Nicolas Seydoux, l'un des héritiers Schlumberger, devient propriétaire de la maison Gaumont . Il va lui faire prendre le virage de la modernité, avec le concours de son ami Daniel Toscan du Plantier, né en 1941 à Chambéry, et..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/daniel-toscan-du-plantier/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biographie de DANIEL TOSCAN DU PLANTIER (1941-2003)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biographie de DANIEL TOSCAN DU PLANTIER (1941-2003). En 1974, Nicolas Seydoux, l'un des héritiers Schlumberger, devient propriétaire de la maison Gaumont . 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<div class="user-welcome"></div> <div class="login-form-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="login-form"> <div class="btn btn-sm btn-primary keep-label-space-top"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user"></i> Mon Compte </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-lg-none text-center mb-3"> <a href="/abonnement" title="Je m'abonne" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Top (mobile)"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/6/csm_banner-cta_534716667b.webp" width="728" height="90" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" class="img-max shadow-sm"/> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-lg-8 col-xl-9 pb-4"> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>TOSCAN DU PLANTIER </strong><span class="pc">DANIEL </span><span class="label-sub"> (1941-2003)</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" 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title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT090828_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT090828_0"></i><p>En 1974, Nicolas Seydoux, l'un des héritiers Schlumberger, devient propriétaire de la maison <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Français Léon Gaumont (1864-1946) est un industriel établi dans le matériel photographique lorsqu'il décide de financer les travaux de Georges Demen̈y sur l' image animée . Sa secrétaire, Alice Guy , passe à la réalisation dès 1896. Fabricant de matériel, Gaumont produit des films burlesques et des saynètes comiques, des petites fictions, qui alimentent un marché naissant, tandis..." title="Article : GAUMONT" href="/encyclopedie/gaumont/">Gaumont</a>. Il va lui faire prendre le virage de la modernité, avec le concours de son ami Daniel Toscan du Plantier, né en 1941 à Chambéry, et venu de la publicité et de la presse (<em>France-Soir</em>).</p><p>Le duo relance la doyenne des sociétés cinématographiques françaises pour en faire une des entreprises phares de l'audiovisuel hexagonal. Le circuit de salles s'étend et se modernise, la distribution se restructure, l'activité se diversifie : édition musicale et discographique (Erato), livre (Ramsay), presse (<em>Le Point</em>), production télévisuelle, publicité – et plus tard vidéo. Le groupe s'internationalise, créant des filiales en Italie, au Brésil, aux États-Unis, où Gaumont s'associe avec Columbia et crée une chaîne francophone pour le câble.</p><p>Daniel Toscan du Plantier se consacre tout particulièrement à la production de films, un secteur qu'il marquera durablement. Il commence par modifier le style maison, qu'Alain Poiré (1917-2000) a confiné jusqu'alors dans les genres populaires. En 1975, Toscan, comme on l'appelle bientôt, définit sa politique. Son credo tient en une phrase : « Nous croyons que l'économie de marché n'est pas incompatible avec la qualité culturelle. » Très vite, il applique une politique de prestige, en produisant Rohmer (<em>La Marquise d'O</em>), Bergman (<em>Fanny et Alexandre</em>), Fellini (<em>La Cité des femmes</em>, <em>Casanova</em>, puis <em>Et vogue le navire</em>), Pialat (<em>Loulou</em>, <em>À nos amours</em>), et en soutenant certains projets de Chabrol, Truffaut, Beineix, Comencini, Scola, Kurosawa, Wajda... Il produit aussi <em>La Dentellière</em>, de Claude Goretta, <em>Diabolo menthe</em>, de Diane Kurys, et une série de comédies en accord avec l'air du temps, inaugurée par <em>Cousin, cousine</em>, de Jean-Charles Tacchella dont le succès aux États-Unis, en 1976, encourage sa nouvelle stratégie. Cette politique va également s'illustrer dans de coûteuses adaptations d'opéras, à partir du <em>Don Giovanni</em> de Joseph Losey, avec Ruggiero Raimondi (1979), où les intérêts bien compris d'Erato permettaient d'intégrer plusieurs objectifs de rentabilisation<em>. </em>Suivront <em>Carmen</em>, de Rosi, avec Julia Migenes, <em>La BohËme</em>, de Comencini, avec Barbara Hendricks – la prise de risque revenant avec <em>Parsifal</em> de Syberberg. Les engagements de Toscan du Plantier en faveur du cinéma d'auteur (Robert Bresson, Benoît Jacquot, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de MARGUERITE DURAS (1914-1996). Marguerite Duras est une figure majeure de la modernité littéraire de la seconde moitié du xx e siècle. Son œuvre, qui s’ouvre avec Les Impudents en 1943 et s’achève en 1996 avec La Mer écrite , publié quelques jours après sa mort, compte plus de soixante ouvrages. Elle a également réalisé dix-neuf films. « Écrivez. Ne faites q..." title="Article : MARGUERITE DURAS (1914-1996)" href="/encyclopedie/marguerite-duras/">Marguerite Duras</a>, Chantal Ackerman, André Téchiné), ont souvent rencontré des résultats décevants – l'échec commercial le plus cinglant ayant été <em>Les Sœurs Brontë</em> de Téchiné.</p><p>En fait, c'est moins la politique de production elle-même qui est en cause que les illusions de la diversification et de l'internationalisation, qui conduisirent à la catastrophe de Gaumont-Italie. En 1985, Toscan du Plantier est sacrifié sur l'autel de la rentabilité. Plus exactement, de la rentabilité à court terme : car le catalogue de films qu'il a constitué prend une grande valeur marchande avec l'explosion télévisuelle européenne. Quittant Gaumont avec Erato dans ses bagages, il poursuit une carrière de producteur indépendant avec Erato Films, puis Euripide, lorsque la maison de disques est rachetée par Warner. Fidèle à la ligne qu'il s'était fixée, il soutient <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de MAURICE PIALAT (1925-2003). En 1960, L'Amour existe annonce les films à venir de Maurice Pialat. « Longtemps j'ai habité la banlieue. Mon premier souvenir est un souvenir de banlieue. » Ce commentaire situe le monde du cinéaste, comme il aimait à le répéter, du côté de « ceux qui prennent le métro », à l'image du cinéma français populaire des années 1930. L'A..." title="Article : MAURICE PIALAT (1925-2003)" href="/encyclopedie/maurice-pialat/">Maurice Pialat</a> pour <em><a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Auteur franc-tireur venu tard à la réalisation cinématographique, Maurice Pialat (1925-2003) a connu des triomphes ( Nous ne vieillirons pas ensemble , 1972), comme des échecs commerciaux, avec des films dont précisément l'échec dans les rapports entre êtres humains constitue le thème obsédant. La sortie, en 1986, de Police lui permet, avec l'aide du producteur Daniel Toscan du Plan..." title="Article : SOUS LE SOLEIL DE SATAN" href="/encyclopedie/sous-le-soleil-de-satan-maurice-pialat/">Sous le soleil de Satan</a></em>(palme d'or à Cannes en 1987) et <em>Van Gogh</em>, Satyajit Ray pour ses deux dernières créations, et produit de nouveaux films-opéras : <em>Boris Godounov</em> de Zulawski, <em>Madame Butterfly</em> de Frédéric Mitterrand, <em>Tosca</em> de Benoît Jacquot – sans oublier le filon de la comédie modernisée (<em>La Dilettante</em> de Pascal Thomas, succès surprise de l'année 1999).</p><p>Séduisant et disert, convaincant dans ses avis sur l'évolution du cinéma français, Daniel Toscan du Plantier a multiplié les interventions sur tous<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T090828_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="SAUVAGET, Daniel"><a title="Auteur : Daniel SAUVAGET" rel="author" href="/auteurs/daniel-sauvaget/"><strong>Daniel SAUVAGET</strong></a> : économiste, critique de cinéma </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : TOSCAN DU PLANTIER DANIEL (1941-2003)" href="/carte-mentale/daniel-toscan-du-plantier/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT090828_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts" href="/classification/arts/"> Arts </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Cinéma" href="/classification/arts/cinema/"> Cinéma </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Industrie du cinéma" href="/classification/arts/cinema/industrie-du-cinema/"> Industrie du cinéma </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Production, cinéma"> <a title="Classification : Production, cinéma" href="/classification/arts/cinema/industrie-du-cinema/production-cinema/"> Production, cinéma </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 2"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts" href="/classification/arts/"> Arts </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Cinéma" href="/classification/arts/cinema/"> Cinéma </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Cinématographies nationales" href="/classification/arts/cinema/cinematographies-nationales/"> Cinématographies nationales </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Cinéma français"> <a title="Classification : Cinéma français" href="/classification/arts/cinema/cinematographies-nationales/cinema-francais/"> Cinéma français </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT090828_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/cinema-et-opera/#c39558"> <span class="rg">CINÉMA ET OPÉRA</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Christophe FERRARI</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 249 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : CIN&Eacute;MA ET OP&Eacute;RA" href="/encyclopedie/cinema-et-opera/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Sophie Koch et Rolando Villazon - crédits : Robbie Jack/ Corbis/ Corbis Entertainment/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/2/csm_ph131228_74fcbaaee5.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> C'est en 1979,sous la férule du producteur français <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de DANIEL TOSCAN DU PLANTIER (1941-2003). En 1974, Nicolas Seydoux, l'un des héritiers Schlumberger, devient propriétaire de la maison Gaumont . Il va lui faire prendre le virage de la modernité, avec le concours de son ami Daniel Toscan du Plantier, né en 1941 à Chambéry, et venu de la publicité et de la presse ( France-Soir ).. Le duo relance la doyenne des sociétés cin�..." title="Article : DANIEL TOSCAN DU PLANTIER (1941-2003)" href="/encyclopedie/daniel-toscan-du-plantier/">Daniel Toscan du Plantier</a>, que naît le concept de film-opéra. Il faut dire que l'époque semble y inviter. Déjà, l'invention du procédé Dolby stéréo, qui réduit le bruit de fond et améliore la spatialisation du son, conduit naturellement à vouloir... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/gaumont/#c39558"> <span class="rg">GAUMONT</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Daniel SAUVAGET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 138 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...Après le rachat de la Compagnie des compteurs par le groupe Schlumberger, Gaumont est repris en 1974 par Nicolas Seydoux, un des héritiers Schlumberger. Assisté par <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de DANIEL TOSCAN DU PLANTIER (1941-2003). En 1974, Nicolas Seydoux, l'un des héritiers Schlumberger, devient propriétaire de la maison Gaumont . Il va lui faire prendre le virage de la modernité, avec le concours de son ami Daniel Toscan du Plantier, né en 1941 à Chambéry, et venu de la publicité et de la presse ( France-Soir ).. Le duo relance la doyenne des sociétés cin�..." title="Article : DANIEL TOSCAN DU PLANTIER (1941-2003)" href="/encyclopedie/daniel-toscan-du-plantier/">Daniel Toscan du Plantier</a>, le nouveau P-DG modernise la branche exploitation, crée des filiales à l'étranger, s'intéresse à la production... </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT090828_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : FRANÇAIS CINÉMA" href="/index/cinema-francais/"> <span class="rg">FRANÇAIS </span><span class="pc">CINÉMA</span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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