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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naredbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naredbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naredbe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Naredbe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Naredbe</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Naredbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1._Pretraga_podataka_i_grupiranje_podataka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1._Pretraga_podataka_i_grupiranje_podataka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1. Pretraga podataka i grupiranje podataka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1._Pretraga_podataka_i_grupiranje_podataka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2._Podatkovna_manipulacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2._Podatkovna_manipulacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2. Podatkovna manipulacija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._Podatkovna_manipulacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3._Kontrola_transakcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3._Kontrola_transakcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>3. Kontrola transakcije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3._Kontrola_transakcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4._Definicija_podataka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4._Definicija_podataka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>4. Definicija podataka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4._Definicija_podataka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5._Kontrola_podataka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5._Kontrola_podataka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>5. Kontrola podataka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5._Kontrola_podataka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-6._Ostalo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#6._Ostalo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>6. Ostalo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-6._Ostalo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Alternative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SQL</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 85 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A9" title="لغة الاستعلامات المهيكلة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة الاستعلامات المهيكلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2" title="এসকিউএল – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এসকিউএল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktuurp%C3%A4ringukeel" title="Struktuurpäringukeel – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Struktuurpäringukeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اس‌کیوال – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌کیوال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teanga_Strucht%C3%BArtha_Iarratas" title="Teanga Struchtúrtha Iarratas – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teanga Struchtúrtha Iarratas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="ऍसक्यूऍल – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऍसक्यूऍल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD." title="എസ്.ക്യു.എൽ. – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്.ക്യു.എൽ." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8.%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A.%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਐੱਸ.ਕਿਊ.ਐੱਲ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐੱਸ.ਕਿਊ.ਐੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ایس کیو ایل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایس کیو ایل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கட்டமைப்புள்ள வினவு மொழி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டமைப்புள்ள வினவு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ภาษาสอบถามเชิงโครงสร้าง – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาสอบถามเชิงโครงสร้าง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ایس کیو ایل – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایس کیو ایل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – jorupski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorupski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47607#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><p><b>Structured Query Language</b> (SQL - IPA: (izgovor: [ˌɛskjuːˈɛl] ili [`siːkwəl]) je strukturni <a href="/wiki/Upitni_jezik" title="Upitni jezik">upitni jezik</a>, programski jezik visoke razine.<sup id="cite_ref-proleksis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proleksis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Najpopularniji je <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalni_jezik" title="Računalni jezik">računalni jezik</a> za izradu, traženje, ažuriranje i brisanje podataka iz <a href="/wiki/Relacijska_baza_podataka" title="Relacijska baza podataka">relacijskih baza podataka</a>. SQL je stardardiziran preko standarda <a href="/w/index.php?title=ANSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ANSI (stranica ne postoji)">ANSI</a> i <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SQL je bio jedan od prvih jezika za relacijski model <a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Edgara F. Codda</a> u njegovom poznatom radu iz 1970. "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks",<sup id="cite_ref-codd-relational-model_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-codd-relational-model-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> izdanom u lipnju <a href="/wiki/Znanost_u_1970." title="Znanost u 1970.">1970</a>. u novinama Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Communications of the ACM, iako su prvi koncepti već cirkulirali unutar samog <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> već <a href="/wiki/1969." title="1969.">1969.</a> SQL je postao je jedan od najčešće korištenih jezika za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relacijske_baze_podataka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relacijske baze podataka (stranica ne postoji)">relacijske baze podataka</a><sup id="cite_ref-chapple_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapple-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IBM-sql_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM-sql-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i danas se može reći da je Coddov model široko prihvaćen kao definitivni model za relacijske baza podataka (RDBMS ili RDMS). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest_2">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tijekom <a href="/wiki/1970-ih" title="1970-ih">1970-ih</a>, grupa iz <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBMovog</a> istraživačkog centra u <a href="/wiki/San_Jose" class="mw-disambig" title="San Jose">San Joseu</a> razvila je sustav baze podataka "<a href="/w/index.php?title=System_R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System R (stranica ne postoji)">System R</a>" temeljen na Coddovu modelu. Structured English Query Language ("SEQUEL") je bio dizajniran manipulirati i vaditi podatke spremljene u System R. Kratica SEQUEL je kasnije bila sročena u SQL zbog toga što je riječ 'SEQUEL' bila zaštitni znak Hawker Siddeley zrakoplovne tvrtke u <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu</a>. Iako SQL je bio inspiriran Coddovim radom, IBM-ovci <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_D._Chamberlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald D. Chamberlin (stranica ne postoji)">Donald D. Chamberlin</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_F._Boyce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond F. Boyce (stranica ne postoji)">Raymond F. Boyce</a> su postali autori SEQUEL jezičnog dizajna. Njihov koncept je bio izdan da poveća interes prema SQL-u. Prva nekomercijalna, relacijska, ne-SQL baza podataka bila je <a href="/wiki/Ingres" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingres">Ingres</a>, razvijena <a href="/wiki/1974." title="1974.">1974.</a> u Sveučilištu u Kaliforniji, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley" class="mw-disambig" title="Berkeley">Berkeleyu</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1978." title="1978.">1978.</a>, metodska testiranja su bila napravljena na testnim centrima za kupce. Demonstrirajući korisnost i praktičnost sustava, ovo testiranje se dokazalo kao uspjeh za IBM. Kao rezultat toga, IBM je počeo s razvojem komercijalnih proizvoda baziranih na njihov sustav System R prototip koji je izvršavao SQL, zajedno sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=System/38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System/38 (stranica ne postoji)">System/38</a> (najavljen <a href="/wiki/1978." title="1978.">1978.</a> i komercijalno dostupan u kolovozu <a href="/wiki/1979." title="1979.">1979.</a>), SQL/DS (predstavljen <a href="/wiki/1981." title="1981.">1981.</a>) i DB2 (<a href="/wiki/1983." title="1983.">1983.</a>). </p><p>Istovremeno Relational Software, Inc. (danas poznat kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oracle Corporation (stranica ne postoji)">Oracle Corporation</a>) je vidio potencijal u opisu koncepta Chamberlina i Boycea, i razvili su vlastitu inačicu RDBMS za ratnu mornaricu, <a href="/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">CIA</a>-u i ostale. U <a href="/wiki/Ljeto" title="Ljeto">ljeto</a> <a href="/wiki/1979." title="1979.">1979.</a> Relational Software, Inc. je predstavio Oracle V2 (Version2) za računala VAX kao prva komercijalno dostupna implementacija SQL-a. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naredbe">Naredbe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Naredbe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Naredbe"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1._Pretraga_podataka_i_grupiranje_podataka">1. Pretraga podataka i grupiranje podataka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: 1. Pretraga podataka i grupiranje podataka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 1. Pretraga podataka i grupiranje podataka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>SELECT <ul><li>FROM, JOIN</li> <li>WHERE</li> <li>GROUP BY</li> <li>HAVING</li> <li>ORDER BY</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Primjer 1: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">knjige</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cijena</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">naslov</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2._Podatkovna_manipulacija">2. Podatkovna manipulacija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: 2. Podatkovna manipulacija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 2. Podatkovna manipulacija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>INSERT</li> <li>UPDATE</li> <li>MERGE</li> <li>DELETE</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Primjer</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">moja_tablica</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">polje1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">polje2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">polje3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'test'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'N'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3._Kontrola_transakcije">3. Kontrola transakcije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: 3. Kontrola transakcije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 3. Kontrola transakcije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>BEGIN WORK (ili START TRANSACTION, ovisno o SQL dijalektu)</li> <li>COMMIT</li> <li>ROLLBACK</li></ul> <p>Primjer: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WORK</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inventar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">količina</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">količina</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hlače'</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4._Definicija_podataka">4. Definicija podataka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: 4. Definicija podataka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 4. Definicija podataka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>CREATE</li> <li>DROP</li> <li>TRUNCATE</li> <li>ALTER</li></ul> <p>Primjer: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">moja_tablica</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">moje_polje1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">moje_polje2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">moje_polje3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">moje_polje1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">moje_polje2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5._Kontrola_podataka">5. Kontrola podataka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: 5. Kontrola podataka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 5. Kontrola podataka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>GRANT (dodjela prava)</li> <li>REVOKE</li></ul> <p>Primjer: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">moja_tablica</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">neki_korisnik</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">drugi_korisnik</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="6._Ostalo">6. Ostalo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: 6. Ostalo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 6. Ostalo"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ANSI-standard SQL podupire dvostruku liniju, --, kao jednoredčani indentifikator komentara (neke ekstencije također C-stil /* komentari */ za komentare u više redaka).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative">Alternative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Alternative" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Alternative"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Treba razlikovati alternative relacijskih jezika upita i alternative SQL-a. U sljedećoj listi su navedene alternative SQL-a, ali su još uvijek (nominalno) relacijske: </p> <ul><li>IBM Business System 12 (IBM BS12)</li> <li>Tutorial D</li> <li>TQL - Luca Cardelli</li> <li>Hibernate Query Language (HQL) - Java-bazirani alat koji koristi modificirani SQL</li> <li>EJB-QL (Enterprise Java Bean Query Language/Java Persistence Query Language)</li> <li>Quel predstavljen 1974. od strane U.C. Berkeley Ingres projekta.</li> <li>Object Query Language - Object Data Management Group.</li> <li>Datalog</li> <li>LINQ</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-proleksis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-proleksis_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://proleksis.lzmk.hr/6013/">Proleksis enciklopedija</a> SQL Objavljeno: 22. lipnja 2012., pristupljeno 5. travnja 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-codd-relational-model-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-codd-relational-model_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite id="CITEREFCodd1970" class="citation journal cs1">Codd, E.F. Lipanj 1970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612235326/http://www.acm.org/classics/nov95/toc.html">A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks</a>. <i>Communications of the ACM</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). Association for Computing Machinery. <b>13</b> (br. 6): 377.–387. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F362384.362685">10.1145/362384.362685</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-0782">0001-0782</a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acm.org/classics/nov95/toc.html">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 12. lipnja 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 20. listopada 2009.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=A+Relational+Model+of+Data+for+Large+Shared+Data+Banks&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=br.+6&rft.pages=377.-387.&rft.date=1970-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F362384.362685&rft.issn=0001-0782&rft.aulast=Codd&rft.aufirst=E.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acm.org%2Fclassics%2Fnov95%2Ftoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASQL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chapple-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-chapple_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFChapple" class="citation web cs1">Chapple, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011126/https://www.lifewire.com/sql-fundamentals-1019780?terms=SQL%0A%20">SQL Fundamentals</a>. <i>About.com: Databases</i>. About.com. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://databases.about.com/od/sql/a/sqlfundamentals.htm?terms=SQL">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 25. prosinca 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 10. lipnja 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About.com%3A+Databases&rft.atitle=SQL+Fundamentals&rft.aulast=Chapple&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatabases.about.com%2Fod%2Fsql%2Fa%2Fsqlfundamentals.htm%3Fterms%3DSQL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASQL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBM-sql-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IBM-sql_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/db2luw/v9/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.db2.udb.admin.doc/doc/c0004100.htm">Structured Query Language (SQL)</a>. International Business Machines. 27. listopada 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 27. listopada 2006.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Structured+Query+Language+%28SQL%29&rft.pub=International+Business+Machines&rft.date=2006-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublib.boulder.ibm.com%2Finfocenter%2Fdb2luw%2Fv9%2Findex.jsp%3Ftopic%3D%2Fcom.ibm.db2.udb.admin.doc%2Fdoc%2Fc0004100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASQL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:SQL_naredbe" title="Predložak:SQL naredbe"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:SQL_naredbe&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. 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