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.inline-video__container { position: relative; } .inline-video .play-button__inline-video { bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; z-index: 1000; } .inline-video__smp { background-color: #000; padding-bottom: 56.25%; } .inline-video__smp--loaded { background-color: unset; padding-bottom: unset; } .inline-video__description { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(106, 106, 106, 0.43); color: #737373; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; line-height: 24px; padding: 22px 10; } .inline-video__description--desktop { padding: 28px 16px; } .inline-audio-player { height: 100%; } .inline-audio-player__container { display: inline-block; width: 100%; } .inline-audio-player__container > div { height: 50px; position: relative; } .inline-audio-player__container > div > div { padding: 0 !important; } .inline-audio-player__cta-holder { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .inline-audio-player__cta-container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .inline-audio-player__text { background: none; border: 0; color: #4a4a4a; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; height: 25px; letter-spacing: -0.1px; line-height: 25px; margin-left: 12px; outline: inherit; padding: 0; } .inline-audio-player__beta { background-color: #e6711b; color: #fff; height: 25px; left: -110px; line-height: 12px; margin-left: 0; padding: 0 7px; position: relative; top: 25px; width: 66px; } .inline-audio-player__beta:hover .inline-audio-player__arrow { -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .inline-audio-player__beta-copy { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 16px; } .inline-audio-player__arrow { border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 3px; position: relative; top: -1px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .inline-audio-player__played { background-color: #ededed; } .inline-audio-player__hidden { display: none; } .inline-quote { border-left: 3px solid #575757; color: #575757; letter-spacing: -1.69px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0; padding-left: 22px; } .inline-quote--worklife { border-left: 3px solid #8beed9; } .inline-quote--future { border-left: 3px solid #ffc857; } .inline-quote--culture { border-left: 3px solid #472479; } .inline-quote--earth { border-left: 3px solid #002856; } .inline-quote h2 { font-weight: 300; } .article-video { height: 100%; position: relative; } .article-video img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .article-video__overlay { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__play-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; left: 50%; padding: 0; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); z-index: 1500; } .article-video__label { margin-bottom: 16px; } .article-video__image { bottom: 0; height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__image--hide { opacity: 0; } .article-video__playercore { display: block; } .article-video__playercore--mobile { display: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__playercore--show { display: block; } .article-video--bordered { border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; } .hero-video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 180px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .hero-video__video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 80%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; width: 80%; z-index: 2; } .hero-video__video--desktop { left: 0; top: 65px; width: 71.5% !important; } .hero-video__video--mobile { height: 64%; width: 100%; } .hero-video__video--small-desktop { height: 70%; left: 0; top: 78px; width: 67%; } .hero-video--small-desktop, .hero-video--desktop { display: block; height: 720px; } .hero-video img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; -webkit-filter: brightness(40%); filter: brightness(40%); } @media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .hero-video img { opacity: 0.5; } } .hero-video--mobile { height: 280px; } .hero-video--medium-mobile { height: 430px; } .hero-video--tablet { height: 574px; } .hero-video__play-button { position: absolute; z-index: 100; } .hero-video__video div div { position: inherit !important; position: unset !important; } .content-embed { width: 100%; } .infographic-embed__frame { width: 100%; } .bookmark-icon { background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer; height: 54px; padding: 0; width: 54px; } .bookmark-icon svg { height: 15px; margin: 15px; stroke: #949494; stroke-width: 40; -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform: scale(0.8); width: 15px; } .bookmark__icon--true-white svg { fill: #fff; } .bookmark__icon--black svg, .bookmark__icon--black path { fill: #000 !important; stroke: #000; } .bookmark__icon--light-grey svg { fill: currentColor !important; } .tooltip-box__container { position: relative; } .tooltip-box__message { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; padding: 5px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: -80px; width: 215px; z-index: 1; } .tooltip-box__border-arrow { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-bottom: 0; border-right: 0; height: 12px; left: 21px; position: absolute; top: -15px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-135deg); transform: rotate(-135deg); width: 12px; z-index: 2; } .tooltip-box__close { border: 0 !important; height: 15px !important; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 5px; top: -75px; width: 15px !important; z-index: 2; } .tooltip-box__close:hover .tooltip-box__close-icon { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .tooltip-box__close-icon { color: #444; cursor: pointer; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .article-share-tools { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .article-share-tools a, .article-share-tools button { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; color: #979797; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 52px; margin-right: 2px; width: 52px; } .article-share-tools--dark a, .article-share-tools--dark button { color: #444; height: 54px; width: 54px; } .article-share-tools--dark a svg, .article-share-tools--dark button svg { stroke: #444; } .article-share-tools a:hover, .article-share-tools button:hover { background-color: #fff; } .article-share-tools .facebook-icon:hover { color: #3b5898; } .article-share-tools .email-icon:hover { color: #615f5d; } .article-share-tools .twitter-icon:hover { color: #47c7fa; } .article-share-tools .linkedin-icon:hover { color: #0077b5; } .article-share-tools .whatsapp-icon:hover { color: #25d366; } .article-share-tools .facebook-messenger { color: #0184ff; } .article-share-tools .ticked-icon { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; font-size: 11px; margin-right: 2px; padding: 3px; } .article-share-tools--popout > *, .article-share-tools--popout a { color: #020203; margin-bottom: 3px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .share-tools-popout { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #979797; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; padding: 30px 0 20px; position: relative; width: 300px; } .share-tools-popout__text { color: #444; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0 18px 18px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .share-tools-popout__url-container { padding: 0 18px; width: 100%; } .share-tools-popout__articleurl { border: 1px solid #979797; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a39f9f; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: -0.5px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0; padding: 12px 10px; text-align: center; width: 262px; } .share-tools-popout__close { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: absolute; right: 8px; top: 20px; } .share-tools-popout__close:hover .share-tools-popout__close-icon { color: #888; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .share-tools-popout__close-icon { color: #000; font-size: 16px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .share-tools-popout__border-arrow { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #979797; border-bottom: 0; border-right: 0; height: 12px; left: 40px; position: absolute; top: -7px; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); width: 12px; } .share-tools-popout__tools { margin-bottom: 13px; } .share-tools-popout__details { -ms-flex-item-align: normal; -ms-grid-row-align: normal; align-self: normal; color: #444; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 16px; margin: 0; max-width: 180px; padding-left: 14px; } .share-tools-popout__copied, .share-tools-popout__copy { background-color: #000; border: unset; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 12px 6px; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; width: 110px; } .share-tools-popout__copy:hover { background-color: #555; } .share-tools-popout__copied .gelicon--yes { color: #ff9700; margin-left: 8px; } .share-button-with-popout { position: relative; z-index: 9999; } .share-button-with-popout__popout { max-width: 330px; padding-right: 8px; position: absolute; top: 53px; width: 100%; } .share-button-with-popout__popout--desktop { width: auto; } .article-end__line--long { margin-bottom: 24px; } .article-end__share-tools { margin-bottom: 0; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__line--long { margin-bottom: 44px; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__share-tools { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-bottom: 50px; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__share { margin-top: 0; } .article-end__share { margin-top: 5px; } .domestic-disclaimer { background-color: #333; position: relative; } .domestic-disclaimer__content { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 990px; } .domestic-disclaimer__content--desktop-small { max-width: 976px; } .domestic-disclaimer__content--desktop { max-width: 1248px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text { color: #d8d8d8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px; margin: auto; padding: 8px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text--tablet { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 16px 54px 16px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text--desktop { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin-left: 0; max-width: 890px; padding: 14px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding: 0 16px 0 0; position: relative; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-button--desktop { padding: 0 16px 0 0; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-icon { color: #d8d8d8; font-size: 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-icon--desktop { font-size: 22px; } .label-list { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; position: relative; } .label-list__line { width: 100%; } .label-list__content { margin: 30px 0 0 16px; width: 100%; } .label-list__content--tablet { margin: 34px 0 0 38px; } .label-list__content--desktop { margin: 42px 0 0 32px; } .label-list__list-item { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .label-list__link { color: #444; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; text-decoration: none; } .label-list__link:hover { color: #adadad; } .label-list__link--large { font-size: 22px; line-height: 29px; } .label-list__link:not(:first-of-type) { margin-top: 8px; } .label-list__link--large:not(:first-of-type) { margin-top: 12px; } .label-list__list-items { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 36px; } .label-list__list-items--tablet { margin-top: 52px; } .label-list__list-items--desktop { margin-top: 46px; } .section-header-text__text { background-color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5), 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 0 20px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5), 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5); margin: 0 8px; opacity: 0.95; padding: 16px; position: relative; z-index: 3; } .section-header-text__text--no-margin { margin: 0; } .section-header-text__ad { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 0 8px 8px; position: relative; top: unset; } .section-header-text__ad--desktop { margin: 0 0 8px; } .section-header-text__title { display: inline-block; } .section-header-text__title--large-margin { margin: 0 40px 16px 0; } .section-header-text__title--premium { border: 1.78px solid; padding: 8px; } .section-header-text__title-content { color: #444; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin: unset; } .section-header-text__title-content--tablet { font-size: 24px; } .section-header-text__title-content--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .section-header-text__description { color: #555; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0; } .section-header-text__description--large { font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; } .section-header-unit { max-width: 1280px; position: relative; } .section-header-unit--tablet { height: 320px; } .section-header-unit--desktop { border-radius: 4px; height: 320px; overflow: hidden; } .section-header-unit__image { height: 320px; max-height: 320px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .section-header-unit__image img { left: 50%; position: relative; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } .section-header-unit__image--right img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: 0; width: unset; } .section-header-unit__image--left img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: unset; width: unset; } .section-header-unit__content { position: relative; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%); transform: translateY(-50%); } .section-header-unit__content--desktop { bottom: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; max-width: 420px; position: absolute; right: 32px; top: 0; -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } .section-header-unit__content--advert { -webkit-transform: translateY(calc(-50% - 28px)); transform: translateY(calc(-50% - 28px)); /* - half the height of the advert so the text is still centered. */ } .offline-reading { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .offline-reading__header { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 16px; max-width: 220px; text-align: center; } .offline-reading__header--desktop { font-size: 18px; max-width: 460px; } .offline-reading__buttons { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; text-align: center; } .offline-reading__buttons--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .offline-reading__top-stories { margin-bottom: 24px; } .offline-reading__top-stories--desktop { margin: 0 16px 0 0; } .offline-reading__icon { display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 24px; width: 120px; } .rectangle-image { background-size: cover; height: 74px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 132px; } .rectangle-image img { height: 100%; left: 50%; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: auto; } .rectangle-image--small { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 32px; width: 56px; } .rectangle-image--large { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 162px; width: 288px; } .rectangle-image--medium { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 126px; width: 222px; } .rectangle-image--full-screen { padding-top: 56.25%; width: 100%; } .rectangle-image img { -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease; transition: all 0.4s ease; } .rectangle-image__overlay { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; } .rectangle-image__overlay--culture { background-color: rgba(72, 41, 120, 0.6); } .rectangle-image:hover .rectangle-image__overlay { opacity: 1; } .rectangle-image:hover img { height: 108%; } .rectangle-story-item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 288px; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-image__overlay { opacity: 1; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #000; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture:hover .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #482978; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-image img { height: 108%; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container { position: relative; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-item--tablet { width: 222px; } .rectangle-story-item__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1 auto; flex: 1 1 auto; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 3px; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-item__label { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 16px; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .rectangle-story-item__label--worklife:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label--future:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label__travel:hover { background-image: none; } .rectangle-story-item__label--worklife > span:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label--future > span:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label__travel > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #4a4a4a; } .rectangle-story-item__label--culture:hover { background-image: none; } .rectangle-story-item__label--culture > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #482978; } .rectangle-story-item__line { display: block; margin: 16px 0; } .rectangle-story-item__author { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0.1px; line-height: 35px; text-decoration: none; } .rectangle-story-item__title { color: rgba(46, 46, 46, 0.85); display: block; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none; } .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #000; bottom: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; height: 44px; line-height: 44px; position: absolute; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: 0.4s ease; transition: 0.4s ease; width: 44px; } .rectangle-story-item__title--white, .rectangle-story-item__author--white, .rectangle-story-item__label--white { color: #fff; } .rectangle-story-item__label--white:hover { border-bottom: 0; } .rectangle-story-item__label--white > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #fff; } .rectangle-story-item__remove-bookmark-btn { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #adadad; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-align: left; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .rectangle-article-group { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; } .rectangle-article-group--tablet, .rectangle-article-group--desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .rectangle-article-group__article { display: inline-block; padding-top: 12px; } .rectangle-article-group__article--tablet { padding: 0 16px 0 0; } .rectangle-article-group__article--desktop { padding: 0 24px 0 0; } .fake-ad { -ms-flex-line-pack: center; align-content: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background: #f6f6f6; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; padding: 8px; } .fake-ad__body { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background: #5ae9cb; color: #fff; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 0 0 auto; flex: 0 0 auto; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .fake-ad__text { -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; color: #444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; text-align: right; text-transform: uppercase; } .fake-ad--mpu .fake-ad__body { height: 320px; width: 320px; } .fake-ad--mpu .fake-ad__text { width: 320px; } .fake-ad--mobile-leaderboard .fake-ad__body { height: 50px; width: 300px; } .fake-ad--mobile-leaderboard .fake-ad__text { width: 300px; } .fake-ad--leaderboard .fake-ad__body { height: 90px; width: 728px; } .fake-ad--leaderboard .fake-ad__text { width: 728px; } .body-text-card-inline-image { margin: 24px 0; position: relative; } .branding { -webkit-box-sizing: content-box !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 24px; padding: 12px 16px; width: 100%; } .branding__icon { display: inline-block; height: 24px; width: 100%; } .branding__icon g { fill: #fff; } .branding--medium { padding: 16px; } .branding--large { padding: 16px 24px; } .branding--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .branding--future { background-color: #002856; } .branding--culture { background-color: #472479; } .branding--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .branding--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .branding--travel svg, .branding--earth svg, .branding--culture svg, .branding--future svg, .branding--worklife svg { height: 24px; } .branding--small, .branding--small svg { height: 17px; } .branding__icon--medium, .branding--medium, .branding--medium svg { height: 22px; } .branding__icon--large, .branding--large, .branding--large svg { height: 24px; } .branding__icon--largest, .branding--largest, .branding--largest svg { height: 32px; } .branding__icon--small, .branding--travel .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--earth .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--culture .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--future .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--worklife .branding__icon--small svg { height: 17px; } .body-text-card { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; } .body-text-card__image, .body-text-card__video { margin: 24px 0; } .body-text-card__text { display: block; } .body-text-card__advert { margin: 20px 0; } .body-text-card__text div a { cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } .body-text-card__text a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .body-text-card__text > div > p { margin: 0 20px 16px; } .body-text-card__text > div > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .body-text-card__drop-capped { float: left; margin: 0 8px 0 20px; padding-top: 6px; } .body-text-card__text--drop-capped p:first-of-type::first-letter { color: transparent; font-size: 0; } .body-text-card__text--flush-text > div > p { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; } .body-text-card__text--future div a:visited { color: #666; } .body-text-card__text--future div a { color: #002856; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #002856; text-decoration-color: #002856; } .body-text-card__text--travel div a { color: #589e50; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #589e50; text-decoration-color: #589e50; } .body-text-card__text--worklife div a { color: #0052a1; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #0052a1; text-decoration-color: #0052a1; } .body-text-card__text--earth div a { color: #0fbb56; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #0fbb56; text-decoration-color: #0fbb56; } .body-text-card__text--culture div a { color: #472479; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #472479; text-decoration-color: #472479; } .swimlane-inner { background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto 100%; display: block; padding: 24px 16px; } .swimlane-inner--small { padding: 24px 8px; } .swimlane-inner--tablet { padding: 28px 16px 42px; } .swimlane-inner--small-desktop { padding: 30px 16px 42px; } .swimlane-inner--desktop { padding: 38px 16px 42px; } .swimlane { overflow: hidden; position: relative; z-index: 0; } .swimlane__black { background-color: #0e0e0e; } .swimlane__background-image { height: 500px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; width: 915px; z-index: -1; } .swimlane__background-image--mobile { height: 181px; width: 320px; } .swimlane__background-image--tablet { height: 421px; width: 752px; } .swimlane__background-image--desktop { height: 500px; width: 915px; } .swimlane__background-image--atb { background-color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.8); background-size: cover; height: 100%; width: 100%; } .swimlane__item { margin: 0 0 25px; width: 100%; } .swimlane__item--desktop { margin: 0; } .swimlane__item--tablet { margin: 0 16px 25px 0; width: calc((100% - 48px) / 3); } .swimlane__item--tablet:nth-of-type(3n + 3) { margin-right: 0; } .swimlane__item--two-columns { margin-right: 0 !important; max-width: 572px; width: 50%; } .swimlane__item--four-columns { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-right: 16px; width: calc((100% - 48px) / 4); } .swimlane__item--four-columns:nth-of-type(4n + 4) { margin-right: 0; } .swimlane__items { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 24px; text-align: left; } .swimlane__items--desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-top: 42px; } .swimlane__items--small-desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 30px; } .swimlane__items--tablet { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 30px; } .swimlane__items--no-title { margin-top: 0; } .swimlane__content { margin: auto; max-width: 942px; text-align: center; } .swimlane__content--desktop { max-width: 1216px; } .swimlane__title { color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; text-transform: uppercase; } .swimlane__title--black { color: #010101; font-weight: 400; } .see-more-button-container-alt { color: #0e0e0e; } .follow-us-on { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; } .follow-us-on__text { color: #fff; font-size: 16px; font-style: condensed; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 20px; padding: 0; text-transform: uppercase; } .follow-us-on__links { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .follow-us-on__link:first-child { margin-right: 16px; } .nav-bar { background-color: #fff; } .nav-bar__hidden-menu { display: none; } .nav-bar__visible-menu { display: block; } .nav-bar__no-scroll { max-height: 100vh; overflow: hidden; } .dot-with-label { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .dot-with-label__text { padding-left: 8px; } .dot-with-label__text a { text-decoration: none; } .dot-with-label__text:hover h2 { color: #adadad; } .sponsor-section { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; max-width: 530px; } .sponsor-section--menu { padding: 20px 0 16px 24px; } .sponsor-section__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; } .sponsor-section__container--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; } .sponsor-section__sponsor { color: #fff; padding-right: 16px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 26px; margin: 0; white-space: nowrap; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--mobile { padding-bottom: 16px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--desktop { font-size: 22px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--menu { color: #fff; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--menu-desktop { font-size: 32px; } .sponsor-section__summary { color: #ebebeb; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding-top: 16px; } .sponsor-section__advert { display: inline-block; } .icon-with-label { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .icon-with-label__icon { padding-right: 10px; } .more-articles-item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .more-articles-item__link { text-decoration: none; } .more-articles-item__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; width: 100%; } .more-articles-item__label { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 8px; } .more-articles-item__type { margin-right: 16px; position: relative; } .more-articles-item__icon { color: #fff; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 8px; } .more-articles-item__text { color: #fff; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; padding: 0; position: relative; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.7); -webkit-transition: color 0.4s; transition: color 0.4s; } .more-articles-item__text--medium { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .more-articles-item__text--large { color: #ebebeb; font-size: 30px; line-height: 37px; } .more-articles-item__container--column { -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .more-articles-item__image-container { position: relative; } .more-articles-item--two-columns { margin-right: 16px; } .more-articles-item__label--desktop { margin-top: 16px; } .more-articles-item__label--tablet { margin-top: 16px; } .more-articles-item__link:hover .more-articles-item__text { color: #adadad; } .full-width-image-article { width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__container { min-height: 325px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .full-width-image-article__container--desktop { min-height: 400px; } .full-width-image-article__image { height: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__text { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; color: #fff; left: 50%; max-width: 488px; padding: 0 20px; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__text a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__label { display: inline-block; font-size: 14.4px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3.6px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 11px; text-transform: uppercase; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__header { font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: -0.25px; line-height: 42px; margin: 0; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__header--desktop { font-size: 33.6px; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__author { font-size: 16.6px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.13px; line-height: 42px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 28px; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__author--desktop { margin-top: 32px; } .full-width-image-article__background { background-image: radial-gradient(50% 49%, rgba(5, 36, 53, 0.37) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 83%); height: 100%; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__link { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .more-articles { background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; overflow: hidden; position: relative; -webkit-transition: background-image 0.4s; transition: background-image 0.4s; } .more-articles__heading { margin: auto; max-width: 1272px; padding: 20px 0 0 16px; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .more-articles__stories { margin: 10px 16px 42px; max-width: 1232px; padding: 8px; position: relative; z-index: 4; } .more-articles__stories--small { padding: 0; } .more-articles__stories--tablet { margin: 24px 16px 72px; max-width: 1216px; } .more-articles__stories--desktop { margin: 56px 48px 92px; max-width: 1152px; } .more-articles__story-container:not(:first-of-type) { padding-top: 16px; } .more-articles__line { opacity: 0.3; padding-top: 16px; z-index: 5; } .more-articles__image-overlay { background-color: rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.3); bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; z-index: 1; } .more-articles__image { opacity: 0; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .more-articles__image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .more-articles__image--right img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: 0; width: unset; } .more-articles__image--left img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: unset; width: unset; } .more-articles__image--visible { opacity: 1; } .more-articles__story--two-columns, .more-articles__story--three-columns { padding-right: 16px; width: 310px; } .more-articles__story-container:nth-child(even) .more-articles__story--two-columns { padding-right: 0; } .more-articles__story-container:nth-child(3n + 3) .more-articles__story--three-columns { padding-right: 0; } .more-articles__stories--two-columns, .more-articles__stories--three-columns { -ms-flex-align: end; align-items: flex-end; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 16px; } .more-articles__story-container--two-columns { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 50%; } .more-articles__story-container--two-columns:nth-child(2) { padding-top: 0; } .more-articles__story-container--three-columns { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 33%; } .more-articles__story-container--three-columns:nth-child(-n + 3) { padding-top: 0; } .more-articles__heading--small { padding: 20px 0 0 8px; } .more-articles__heading--desktop { max-width: 1264px; padding: 38px 0 0 16px; } .more-articles__heading--tablet { max-width: 1264px; padding: 24px 0 0 16px; } .most-popular { background-color: #f9f9f9; } .most-popular__inner { margin: 0 auto; max-width: 894px; padding: 45px 24px 21px; } .most-popular__inner--desktop { padding: 47px 0 86px; } .most-popular__header { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .most-popular__items { display: block; } .most-popular__items--desktop { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 57px; } .most-popular-item { box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 33px; } .most-popular-item:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 42px; } .most-popular-item--desktop { padding: 0 20px; width: calc(33.333%); } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(3n + 2) { -ms-flex-order: 2; order: 2; padding: 38px 20px; } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(3n + 3) { -ms-flex-order: 3; order: 3; } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(n+4) { border-left: 1px solid #dadada; } .most-popular-item--desktop:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0; } .most-popular-item a { text-decoration: none; } .most-popular-item__content { -ms-flex-align: start; align-items: flex-start; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-top: 5px; } .most-popular-item__number { color: #cbcbcb; font-size: 40px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 32px; margin: 0 20px 0 0; width: 25px; } .most-popular-item__label { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0 0 0 45px; text-transform: uppercase; } .most-popular-item__title { color: #2e2e2ecc; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; } .StickyElementContent { -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s; transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s; transition: transform 0.5s; transition: transform 0.5s, -webkit-transform 0.5s; } .StickyElementContent--is-undocked { left: 0; position: fixed; top: 0; width: 100%; } .StickyElementContent--is-hidden { -webkit-transform: translateY(-100%); transform: translateY(-100%); } .error-page-header { position: relative; } .error-page-header__headers { margin-bottom: 16px; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .error-page-header__headers--tablet-plus { margin-bottom: 32px; } .error-page-header__description { color: #444; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; } .error-page-header__play-icon { margin-right: 16px; } .error-page-header__play-icon button { color: #adadad; } .error-page-header__dot-label { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .styled-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .styled-list__item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .styled-list__item:not(:first-of-type) { padding-top: 8px; } .styled-list__item a { font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } .styled-list__item--worklife a { color: #8beed9; } .styled-list__item--future a { color: #ffc857; } .styled-list__item--culture a { color: #472479; } .styled-list__item--earth a { color: #002856; } .styled-list__item--travel a { color: #002856; } .styled-list__text { color: #444; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 20px; } .styled-list__dot { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-top: 8px; } .image-gallery-item { margin: 26px 0; } .image-gallery-item img { height: 100%; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; width: 100%; } .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -3%; width: 106%; } @media (max-width: 1000px) and (min-width: 767px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -16%; width: 116%; } } @media (max-width: 1180px) and (min-width: 1024px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -8%; width: 108%; } } @media (max-width: 1365px) and (min-width: 1280px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -42%; width: 142%; } } @media (min-width: 1366px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -55%; width: 155%; } } .image-gallery-item__image--portrait { margin: 20px 0; width: 100%; } @media (max-width: 599px) { .image-gallery-item__image--portrait { margin-left: -3%; width: 106%; } } .image-gallery-item__image--portrait, .image-gallery-item__image--portrait img { max-height: 507px; min-height: 463px; } @media (max-width: 1279px) and (min-width: 768px) { .image-gallery-item__image--portrait, .image-gallery-item__image--portrait img { min-height: 818px; } } .styled-line { background-color: #8beed9; height: 3px; width: 72px; } .styled-line--small { width: 45px; } .styled-line--medium { width: 135px; } .styled-line--large { height: 1px; width: auto; } .styled-line--height--large { height: 5px; } .styled-line--height--small { height: 1px; } .styled-line--xs-small { width: 25px; } .styled-line--worklife { background-color: #8beed9; } .styled-line--future { background-color: #ffc857; } .styled-line--culture { background-color: #472479; } .styled-line--earth { background-color: #002856; } .styled-line--travel { background-color: #002856; } .styled-line--white { background-color: #fff; } .styled-line--dark-grey { background-color: #6a6a6a; } .styled-line--grey { background-color: #dedede; } .article-labels { font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; text-transform: uppercase; } .article-labels a { color: #fff; letter-spacing: 1px; text-decoration: none; } .article-labels__text:first-child { font-weight: bold; } .rectangle-story-group { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin: auto; position: relative; } .rectangle-story-group__articles { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; } .rectangle-story-group__articles--small-tablet { -ms-flex-pack: unset; justify-content: unset; } .rectangle-story-group__articles--full-screen { display: block; } .rectangle-story-group__article { display: inline-block; padding-left: 18px; padding-top: 16px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--tablet { padding-left: 20px; padding-top: 22px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--desktop { padding-left: 22px; padding-top: 24px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--desktop:first-of-type { padding-left: 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-tablet { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; width: 50%; } .rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen { display: block; padding: 16px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen:first-of-type { padding-top: 0; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-desktop { padding-left: 10px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-desktop:last-of-type { padding-right: 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__articles-container { margin: auto; max-width: 950px; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 16px 16px 24px; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu--desktop { border-left: 1px solid #dadada; display: block; padding: 0 0 0 16px; padding-top: 0; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu--small-desktop { display: block; padding: 0 0 0 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__hero--desktop { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .rectangle-story-group__article-hero--tablet { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .article-title-card-rectangle { width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image:hover .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay { opacity: 1; } .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; transition: transform 0.5s ease; transition: transform 0.5s ease, -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; width: 100%; will-change: transform; } .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay--culture { background-color: rgba(72, 41, 120, 0.6); } .article-title-card-rectangle__image { margin-right: 40px; max-height: 390px; max-width: 620px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: auto; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image img { display: block; width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop { margin-right: 0; width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--tablet img, .article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop img { width: 110%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--preview-article { margin-right: 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__container--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container--preview-article { margin-right: 8px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box { background-color: #fff; margin-left: 40px; padding: 16px 22px 0; position: relative; top: -22px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--worklife:hover, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--future:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #4a4a4a; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--culture:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #482978; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header { color: #3d3d3d; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 35px; margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 12px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--tablet { font-size: 26px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author { color: #000; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.1px; line-height: 35px; margin: 8px 0 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author--tablet { margin: 14px 0 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--desktop { left: -40px; margin: 0; padding: 40px; top: 0; -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--tablet { padding: 35px 22px 22px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__link { color: #000; text-decoration: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container { display: block; max-width: 252px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--desktop { max-width: 320px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__preview-container { color: #4d4d4d; text-decoration: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__preview-text { display: block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 27px; max-width: 396px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__read-more { display: inline-block; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 4px; margin: 25px 16px 0 0; text-transform: uppercase; } .article-title-card-rectangle__arrow { color: #bababa; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(-90deg); transform: rotate(-90deg); } .article-headline { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; padding: 38px 0; } .article-headline .article-labels { text-align: center; } .article-headline__line--short { margin-bottom: 40px; } .article-headline--largeTablet .article-headline__text { font-size: 32px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--tablet .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 24px; } .article-headline--tablet .article-headline__text { font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.84px; margin: 0 15px 15px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--mobile { padding: 20px 0; } .article-headline--mobile .article-headline__text { font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: -0.63px; margin: 0 15px 15px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--mobile .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 15px; } .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 40px; } .article-headline__collection a { color: #242424; } .article-headline__text { font-size: 45px; letter-spacing: -1.26px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 44px; } .hero-image { height: 720px; position: relative; } .hero-image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .hero-image--small-mobile { height: 180px; } .hero-image--mobile { height: 210px; } .hero-image--medium-mobile { height: 430px; } .hero-image--tablet { height: 574px; } .loading-spinner { margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } .loading-spinner__message { color: #002756; display: block; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .loading-spinner__image { display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: 48px; } @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); transform: rotate(360deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); transform: rotate(360deg); } } .spinner { fill: #444; } .spinner__image { -webkit-animation: spin 1s linear infinite; animation: spin 1s linear infinite; } .spinner--worklife { fill: #8beed9; } .spinner--future { fill: #ffc857; } .spinner--culture { fill: #472479; } .spinner--travel { fill: #002856; } .spinner--earth { fill: #002856; } .similar-articles-list { background-color: #f9f9f9; position: relative; text-align: center; } .similar-articles-list__container { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-left: -50px; } .similar-articles-list__collection { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .similar-articles-list__header { background-color: #000; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0 0 36px; padding: 8px; text-transform: uppercase; } .similar-articles-list__title { color: rgba(46, 46, 46, 0.85); display: block; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.19px; line-height: 22px; margin-top: 3px; text-decoration: none; } .similar-articles-list__number { color: #000; font-size: 40px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0; margin-right: 26px; opacity: 0.18; } .similar-articles-list__articles-article { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 262px; padding-bottom: 32px; position: relative; } .similar-articles-list__articles-article:last-child { padding-bottom: 58px; } .similar-articles-list__number, .similar-articles-list__text { display: inline-block; } .similar-articles-list__text { margin-left: 50px; max-width: 210px; text-align: left; } .see-more-button { border-bottom: 1px solid #979797; text-align: center; } .see-more-button__inner { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #6c6c6c; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 13px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: linear 0.6s; transition: linear 0.6s; } .see-more-button__inner-arrow { color: #6c6c6c; font-size: 10px; position: absolute; right: 9px; top: 2px; -webkit-transition: linear 0.3s; transition: linear 0.3s; } .see-more-button__inner-text { margin-right: 24px; } .see-more-button__inner:hover { color: #4a4a4a; } .see-more-button__inner:hover .see-more-button__inner-arrow { color: #4a4a4a; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .beta-btn { background-color: #e6711b; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; height: 25px; line-height: 12px; padding: 0 7px; width: 66px; } .beta-btn:hover .beta-btn__arrow { cursor: pointer; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .beta-btn:hover .beta-btn__arrow--expanded { -webkit-transform: rotate(-35deg); transform: rotate(-35deg); } .beta-btn__copy { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 17px; margin: 16px auto; max-width: 50%; } .beta-btn__arrow { border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 3px; position: relative; top: -1px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .beta-btn__arrow--expanded { -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .article-hero { height: 672px; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 100%; } .article-hero--small-mobile { height: 373px; } .article-hero--mobile { height: 486px; } .article-hero--small-tablet { height: 433px; } .article-hero--tablet { height: 433px; } .article-hero--tablet .article-hero__content { padding: 60px 15px 0; } .article-hero__content { margin: auto; max-width: 1004px; } .article-hero--desktop { height: 573px; } .article-hero--desktop .article-hero__content { padding: 50px 30px 0; } .article-hero--large-desktop .article-hero__content { max-width: 1276px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content { padding: 60px 10px 0; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-title, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-title, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-title { font-size: 24px; line-height: 30px; max-width: 220px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-line, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-line, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-line { margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-labels, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-labels, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-labels { margin-bottom: 15px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-cta, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-cta, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-cta { line-height: 22px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-cta a, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-cta a, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-cta a { letter-spacing: 3px; } .article-hero__ambient-hidden { display: none; } .article-hero--gradient { background-image: linear-gradient(-63deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) 24%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 51%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32) 67%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.51) 100%); } .article-hero__background-ambient { bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; z-index: -1; } .article-hero__background img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; z-index: -1; } .article-hero__background--parallax img { -webkit-transform: scale(1.1); transform: scale(1.1); } .article-hero a { color: #fff; letter-spacing: 3px; text-decoration: none; } .article-hero__content-cta { clear: both; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 4px; line-height: 20px; max-width: 170px; text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); text-transform: uppercase; } .article-hero__content-cta a { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; letter-spacing: 4px; } .article-hero__content-labels { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 20px; } .article-hero__content-line { background-color: #fff; border: 0; display: block; float: left; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-right: 300px; margin-top: 25px; width: 120px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow { position: relative; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow::before { background: #fff; content: ''; height: 2px; left: 5px; margin-top: -1px; opacity: 0.4; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; transition: all 0.3s ease; width: 20px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow::after { border-right: 2px solid #fff; border-top: 2px solid #fff; content: ''; display: inline-block; height: 10px; left: 16px; margin-top: 5px; opacity: 0.4; position: absolute; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); width: 10px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow--small::before { opacity: 1; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow--small::after { margin-top: 6px; opacity: 1; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow img { height: 11px; margin-left: 10px; width: 19px; } .article-hero__content-title { color: #fff; font-size: 50px; line-height: 54px; margin-top: 0; max-width: 450px; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.7); } .article-hero__content-title a { letter-spacing: -1.32px; } .article-hero__title-text { display: inline; } .article-hero__content-title > a:hover > div, .article-hero__content-subtitle > a:hover { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(100%, currentColor), color-stop(0%, transparent)); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, currentColor 100%, transparent 0%); background-position: 0 1.15em; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: 100% 2px; } .article-hero__content-subtitle { clear: both; color: #fff; font-size: 23px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0; max-width: 440px; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5); } .article-hero__content-subtitle a { letter-spacing: -1px; } .article-hero__content-title--small { font-size: 30px; line-height: 35px; } .article-hero__content-title--tablet { clear: both; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.84px; line-height: 42px; max-width: 264px; } .article-hero__content-title--small a { letter-spacing: -0.63px; } .article-hero__down-arrow { background-color: transparent; border: 0; bottom: 0; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; left: calc(50% - 29px); margin: 0; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0; position: absolute; -webkit-transform: scale(0.5); transform: scale(0.5); } .see-more-button-container { color: #fff; } .see-more-button { border-bottom: 1px solid #979797; text-align: center; } .see-more-button-inner { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #6c6c6c; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 13px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; } .see-more-button-inner--light { color: #b4b4b4; } .see-more-button-inner__arrow { color: #6c6c6c; font-size: 10px; position: absolute; right: 9px; top: 2px; } .see-more-button-inner__arrow--light { color: #b4b4b4; } .see-more-button-inner__text { margin-right: 24px; } .load-more-button { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } .load-more-button__refresh.gelicon--refresh { margin-right: 16px; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .load-more-button__downarrow { color: #adadad; font-size: 22px; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .load-more-button__loading .load-more-button__refresh.gelicon--refresh { -webkit-animation: spin 2s linear infinite; animation: spin 2s linear infinite; } .load-more-button__downarrow:first-of-type { padding-right: 16px; } .load-more-button__downarrow:not(:first-of-type) { padding-left: 16px; } @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(-270deg); transform: rotate(-270deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(-270deg); transform: rotate(-270deg); } } .basic-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #adadad; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #fff, 0 2px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #fff, 0 2px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); color: #193e6d; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 20px; height: 54px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 222px; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .basic-button--estimated { height: 64px; } .basic-button--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .basic-button--future { color: #002856; } .basic-button--culture { color: #472479; } .basic-button--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button--travel { color: #589e50; } .basic-button__text { color: #444; font-family: 'BBC Reith Sans Cd'; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .basic-button__text--estimated { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .basic-button__text--estimated-text { font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: 300; } .basic-button__text--white { color: #fff; } .basic-button__text--curious { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; } .basic-button__text--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .basic-button__text--future { color: #002856; } .basic-button__text--culture { color: #472479; } .basic-button__text--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button__text--travel { color: #589e50; } .basic-button::before { padding-right: 16px; } .basic-button:hover { background-color: #dedede; } .basic-button--background-light-blue:hover { background-color: #dfe8ff; } .basic-button--background-black { background-color: #000; } .basic-button--background-black:hover { background-color: #494646; } .basic-button--background-worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .basic-button--background-future { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button--background-culture { background-color: #472479; } .basic-button--background-earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button--background-travel { background-color: #589e50; } .basic-button--background-worklife:hover { background-color: #4494e4; } .basic-button--background-future:hover { background-color: #ffc857; } .basic-button--background-culture:hover { background-color: #472479; } .basic-button--background-earth:hover { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button--background-travel:hover { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button__text--bold { font-weight: bold; } .read-more-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; font-weight: bold; position: relative; width: 224px; } .AdFrame { display: -ms-inline-flexbox; display: inline-flex; } .AdFrame--default { background-color: #f6f6f6; } .AdFrame--dark-grey { background-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.8); } .AdFrame--centre-aligned { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .text-with-styled-background { height: inherit; position: relative; width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background--collection { display: inline-block; width: unset; } .text-with-styled-background--center-align { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .text-with-styled-background__text { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #444; display: block; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; padding: 0 0 0 10px; position: relative; } .text-with-styled-background__text--large { font-size: 26px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0 0 0 24px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--medium { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--remove-padding { padding: 0; width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__text--largest { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .text-with-styled-background__text--future { color: #002856; } .text-with-styled-background__text--culture { color: #472479; } .text-with-styled-background__text--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .text-with-styled-background__text--travel { color: #589e50; } .text-with-styled-background__text--blue { color: #0052a1; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; padding: 0; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection--medium { font-size: 32px; line-height: 38px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection--large { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .text-with-styled-background__line-container { bottom: 0; margin-left: 13px; position: absolute; width: calc(100% - 26px); } .text-with-styled-background__line { background-color: rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.05); height: 26px; max-width: 240px; position: relative; } .text-with-styled-background__line--large { bottom: -10px; height: 42px; max-width: 340px; } .text-with-styled-background__line--narrow { height: 26px; max-width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__line--medium { bottom: -10px; height: 36px; max-width: 340px; } .text-with-styled-background__line--largest { max-width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__line-container--collection { width: calc(100% + 26px); } .text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin { margin: 0; } .text-with-styled-background__line--collection { height: 26px; } .error-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #000; border: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 22px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; } .error-button .gelicon--alert { color: #ececec; } .simple-header { color: #444; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; } .simple-header--large { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .simple-header--simple { font-size: 18px; line-height: 22px; } .simple-header--small { font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px; } .simple-header--smallest { font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; } .simple-header--medium { font-size: 24px; line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--regular { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--condensed-bold { font-stretch: condensed; } .simple-header--condensed-bold.simple-header--large { line-height: 37px; } .simple-header--condensed-bold.simple-header--regular { line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--white { color: #fff; } .play-button__inline-audio, .play-button__inline-video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #000; border: 0; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 16px; height: 49px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 49px; } .play-button__inline-audio .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video .gelicon--play { color: #ececec; } .play-button__inline-audio--worklife .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--worklife .gelicon--play { color: #8beed9; } .play-button__inline-audio--travel .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--travel .gelicon--play { color: #002856; } .play-button__inline-audio--future .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--future .gelicon--play { color: #ffc857; } .play-button__inline-audio--culture .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--culture .gelicon--play { color: #472479; } .play-button__inline-audio--earth .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--earth .gelicon--play { color: #002856; } .play-button__inline-audio { color: #fff; font-size: 22px; height: 50px; width: 50px; } .play-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border: 2px solid #5ae9cb; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 22px; height: 80px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 80px; } .play-button:hover { color: #5ae9cb; } .play-button--white { border: 4px solid #fff; } .play-button--white:hover { color: #fff; } .play-button--white .gelicon--play { color: inherit; } .play-button--worklife { border: 2px solid #8beed9; } .play-button--worklife:hover { color: #8beed9; } .play-button--travel { border: 2px solid #002856; } .play-button--travel:hover { color: #002856; } .play-button--future { border: 2px solid #ffc857; } .play-button--future:hover { color: #ffc857; } .play-button--culture { border: 2px solid #472479; } .play-button--culture:hover { color: #472479; } .play-button--earth { border: 2px solid #002856; } .play-button--earth:hover { color: #002856; } .play-button--desktop { font-size: 30px; height: 76px; width: 76px; } .play-button--background-hover:hover { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); } .screen-reader-only { border: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-clip-path: inset(50%); clip-path: inset(50%); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute !important; width: 1px; word-wrap: normal !important; } .text-summary__text { font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; text-align: left; } .text-summary__text--blue { color: #193e6d; } .text-summary__text--black { color: #000; } .text-summary__text--grey { color: #6a6a6a; } .text-summary__text--dark-grey { color: #444; } .text-summary__text--left { text-align: left; } .text-summary__text--right { text-align: right; } .simple-p-tag { color: #444; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; } .simple-p-tag--large { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .simple-header--serif-light-italic { font-style: italic; line-height: inherit; } .inline-html { display: block; } .drop-capped { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; border: 2px solid #444; color: #444; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; float: left; font-size: 58px; font-weight: bold; height: 84px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin: 8px 10px 4px 0; text-transform: uppercase; width: 84px; } .drop-capped--worklife { border-color: #8beed9; } .drop-capped--future { border-color: #ffc857; } .drop-capped--culture { border-color: #444; } .drop-capped--earth { border-color: #002856; } .drop-capped--travel { border-color: #002856; } .drop-capped--desktop { margin-right: 24px; } .close-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: relative; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .close-nav__icon { color: #fff; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 20px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .close-nav:hover .close-nav__icon { color: #cecece; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .close-nav__label { display: inline-block; margin-right: 12px; } .nav-label { color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .nav-label:hover { color: #8e8e8e; } .nav-label--menu { color: #ebebeb; } .nav-label--menu:hover { color: #cecece; } .nav-label--white { color: #fff; } .nav-label--curiousSans { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; } .nav-links__link { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; padding-right: 24px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-links__link--active p { border-bottom: 2px solid #002856; font-weight: bold; } .nav-links__link--active--menu p { border-bottom: unset; } .nav-links__link--active--worklife p { border-bottom: 2px solid #0052a1; } .nav-links__link--active--culture p { border-bottom: 2px solid #472479; } .nav-links__link--active--earth p { border-bottom: 2px solid #0fbb56; } .nav-links__link--active--travel p { border-bottom: 2px solid #589e50; } .nav-links__icon { background-color: #0052a1; bottom: 10px; height: 2px; position: absolute; width: 80px; } .nav-links__link--menu { display: block; padding-right: unset; } .nav-links__icon--menu { display: none; } .nav-links__icon--menu-tablet { width: 60px; } .nav-links__icon--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .nav-links__icon--future { background-color: #002856; } .nav-links__icon--culture { background-color: #472479; } .nav-links__icon--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .nav-links__icon--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .nav-links__link--menu p { font-size: 26px; padding: 0 0 32px 24px; } .nav-links__link--menu-desktop p { font-size: 32px; line-height: 42px; padding: 0 0 44px 100px; } .burger-nav { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #0052a1; cursor: pointer; font-size: 20px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .burger-nav--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .burger-nav--future { color: #002856; } .burger-nav--culture { color: #472479; } .burger-nav--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .burger-nav--travel { color: #589e50; } .burger-nav--medium { font-size: 16px; } .burger-nav--small { font-size: 12px; } .nav-menu { background-color: #0052a1; display: block; height: 100%; left: 0; min-height: 100vh; opacity: 0.98; overflow: auto; position: fixed; top: 0; width: 100vw; } .nav-menu--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .nav-menu--future { background-color: #002856; } .nav-menu--culture { background-color: #472479; } .nav-menu--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .nav-menu--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .nav-menu__close-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; padding: 16px 8px 60px; } .nav-menu__close-nav--desktop { padding: 20px 16px 70px; } .nav-menu__sponsored { background-color: rgba(34, 34, 34, 0.5); height: 100%; margin-bottom: 32px; } .nav-menu__sponsored--desktop { margin-bottom: 44px; } .nav-menu__sponsored-container { padding: 20px 16px 16px 24px; } .nav-menu__sponsored--desktop-container { margin: auto; max-width: 1264px; padding: 20px 16px 20px 100px; } .nav-menu__follow-us { padding: 52px 0 34px; } .ad-slot { display: inline-block; } .ad-slot__container { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .ad-slot__label { max-width: 120px; min-width: 112px; padding-right: 8px; text-align: right; } .ad-slot--leaderboard { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .ad-slot__label--mpu, .ad-slot__label--leaderboard { margin-bottom: 8px; max-width: unset; padding-right: unset; text-align: right; } .ad-slot__container--mpu, .ad-slot__container--leaderboard { display: inline-block; -ms-flex-wrap: unset; flex-wrap: unset; } .ad-slot__fake--sponsor { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 31px; min-width: 88px; } .ad-slot__fake--mpu { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 250px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__fake--mpu-large { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 600px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-large { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 90px; min-width: 728px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-medium { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 50px; min-width: 320px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-small { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 50px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__label--dark { color: #dcdcdc; } .ad-slot--dark { background-color: #f6f6f6; padding: 8px; } .ad-slot--black { background-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.8); padding: 8px; } .open-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; padding: 0; position: relative; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .open-nav__icon { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .open-nav__label { display: inline-block; margin-right: 12px; } .play-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .play-icon--red { color: #f00; } .play-icon--grey { color: #999; } .play-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .play-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .camera-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .camera-icon--red { color: #f00; } .camera-icon--grey { color: #999; } .camera-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .camera-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .nav-build-bar { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: auto; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; width: 100%; } .nav-build-bar--mobile { height: auto; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; } .nav-build-bar--mobile .nav-build-bar__title-content { white-space: pre-wrap; } .nav-build-bar--tablet { height: 58px; } .nav-build-bar--desktop { height: 60px; } .nav-build-bar__links { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; margin-left: auto; overflow: hidden; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored-brand { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-left: 8px; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored-brand--no-brand { margin-left: 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding: 0 8px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding--tablet { padding: 0 30px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding--desktop { padding: 0 80px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__title-content { border: 1.78px solid; color: #444; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin: unset; padding: 8px; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .nav-build-bar__title-content--tablet { font-size: 24px; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-build-bar__title-content--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 48px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav-button { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding-left: 8px; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored { background-color: #f6f6f6; border: 1px solid #d3d3d3; height: 48px; padding: 0 16px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav--desktop { padding-right: 16px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav--mobile { -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; max-width: 100px; width: 100%; } .styled-dot { background-color: #5ae9cb; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 6px; width: 6px; } .styled-dot--no-cursor { cursor: unset; } .styled-dot--medium { -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; height: 10px; width: 10px; } .styled-dot--dark-blue { background-color: #193e6d; } .styled-dot--purple { background-color: #362e67; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--black { background-color: #000; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--grey-green { background-color: #008e9b; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--dark-green { background-color: #589e50; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--worklife { background-color: #8beed9; } .styled-dot--future { background-color: #ffc857; } .styled-dot--culture { background-color: #472479; } .styled-dot--earth { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--travel { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--worklife-prime { background-color: #0052a1; } .styled-dot--future-prime { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--culture-prime { background-color: #472479; } .styled-dot--earth-prime { background-color: #0fbb56; } .styled-dot--travel-prime { background-color: #589e50; } .styled-dot--large { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); height: 16px; width: 16px; } .styled-dot--small { -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; height: 8px; width: 8px; } .styled-dot--grey { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); } .info-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .info-icon--red { color: #f00; } .info-icon--grey { color: #999; } .info-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .info-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .email-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 11px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .email-icon:hover { background-color: #000; } .email-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .facebook-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 15px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .facebook-icon:hover { background-color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--blue { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #3b5998; color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--blue:hover { background-color: #3b5998; color: #fff; } .facebook-icon--white { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #fff; color: #fff; } .facebook-icon--white:hover { background-color: #fff; color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--small { font-size: 20px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } .hero-header { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .hero-header__header { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #fff; font-size: 38px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.7); } .hero-header__header--large { font-size: 44px; line-height: 48px; } .hero-header__header--medium { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .hero-header__header--small { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .hero-header__header--black { color: #000; text-shadow: unset; } .hero-header__header--grey { color: #adadad; text-shadow: unset; } .ticked-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #13de99; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .ticked-icon--small { font-size: 12px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } .google-plus-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 26px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .google-plus-icon:hover { background-color: #d34836; } .google-plus-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .linkedin-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .linkedin-icon:hover { background-color: #0077b5; } .linkedin-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .reddit-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 26px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .reddit-icon:hover { background-color: #ff4500; } .reddit-icon__hide { display: none; } .reddit-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .share-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; color: #444; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; letter-spacing: 3px; padding: 18px 16px; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; width: 110px; z-index: 55; } .share-button .gelicon--share { margin-right: 10px; -webkit-transition: 0.3s ease-in; transition: 0.3s ease-in; } .share-button:hover .gelicon--share, .share-button .gelicon--share-sharing { -webkit-transform: rotate(-180deg); transform: rotate(-180deg); } .whatsapp-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .whatsapp-icon:hover { background-color: #25d366; } .whatsapp-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .twitter-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .twitter-icon:hover { background-color: #1da1f2; } .twitter-icon--light-blue { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #1da1f2; color: #1da1f2; } .twitter-icon--light-blue:hover { background-color: #1da1f2; color: #fff; } .twitter-icon--white { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #fff; color: #fff; } .twitter-icon--white:hover { background-color: #fff; color: #1da1f2; } .twitter-icon--small { font-size: 18px; height: 38px; width: 38px; }html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; } #root *, #root *::before, #root *::after { box-sizing: border-box; } #root article, #root aside, #root figure, #root footer, #root header, #root nav, #root section { display: block; } body { background: #fff; } .app__body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 100vh; overflow: visible; position: relative; } .app__domestic-disclaimer { bottom: 0; position: fixed; width: 100%; z-index: 5000; } .main { display: flex; flex: 1 0 auto; flex-direction: column; } .navigation { background-color: #fff; display: none; margin: auto; max-width: 1248px; padding: 4px 16px 0; position: relative; z-index: 1000; } @media (min-width: 1008px) and (max-width: 1279px) { .navigation { max-width: 976px; } } @media (min-width: 600px) { .navigation { padding: 0 16px 1px; } } @media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1007px) { .navigation { max-width: 990px; } } @media (min-width: 300px) and (max-width: 399px) { .navigation { padding: 4px 8px; } } .navigation--display { display: block; } .navigation-sticky--undocked { background-color: #fff; width: 100%; z-index: 10000; } .StickyElement { position: relative; z-index: 1501; } .loader { 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class="rectangle-story-group__articles-container"><div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article-hero rectangle-story-group__article-hero--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="Where wealth is ‘more taboo than sex’" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::1"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle b-reith-sans-font"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__container"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__image"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth"><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Benoit Derrier)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p07pr7z2.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p07pr7z2.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p07pr7z2.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p07pr7z2.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p07pr7z2.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p07pr7z2.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 420px) 100vw, 150vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p07pr7z2.jpg" alt="(Credit: Benoit Derrier)" id=""/><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__overlay article-title-card-rectangle__overlay--worklife"></span></a></div><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/best-of-2019"><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--worklife">Best of Worklife 2019</span></a><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth"><h2 class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header b-font-weight-300">Where wealth is ‘more taboo than sex’</h2></a><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--worklife styled-line--height--small"></div></span><p class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author b-font-family-serif">By Maddy Savage</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles rectangle-story-group__articles--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="When holiday rentals take over homes" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::2"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="Locals including George Tzimas, 28, 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</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="Why so many young Swedes live alone" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::3"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Benoît Derrier)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p07l5jj6.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p07l5jj6.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p07l5jj6.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p07l5jj6.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p07l5jj6.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p07l5jj6.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p07l5jj6.jpg" alt="(Credit: Benoît Derrier)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/best-of-2019"><span>Best of Worklife 2019</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone"><span>Why so many young Swedes live alone</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Maddy Savage</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="Are you being breadcrumbed at work?" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::4"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="worker exhausted overtime" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p07hmfjq.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p07hmfjq.jpg 304w, 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class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work"><span>Are you being breadcrumbed at work?</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Emily Torres</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="index__more-articles"></div><div class="index__stories-container"><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="index-stories" data-bbc-title="The trick that makes you overspend" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"index-stories","CHD":"card::1"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Getty Images)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p07jjgjw.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p07jjgjw.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p07jjgjw.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p07jjgjw.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p07jjgjw.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p07jjgjw.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p07jjgjw.jpg" alt="(Credit: Getty Images)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/best-of-2019"><span>Best of Worklife 2019</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend"><span>The trick that makes you overspend</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By David Robson</span></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="index-stories" data-bbc-title="The curious origins of the dollar sign" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"index-stories","CHD":"card::2"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="Until 1776 the US was known as the United Colonies of America and there are suggestions that the dollar sign was in use before the United States was born (Credit: Getty Images)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p07bj2rc.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p07bj2rc.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p07bj2rc.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p07bj2rc.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p07bj2rc.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p07bj2rc.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 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class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Hephzibah Anderson</span></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="index-stories" data-bbc-title="The rise of the sober bar" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"index-stories","CHD":"card::3"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="February IWSR claimed that 52% of American adults they surveyed were currently trying to or had previously tried to reduce their alcohol intake (Credit: Getty Images)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p078tqq0.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p078tqq0.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p078tqq0.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p078tqq0.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p078tqq0.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p078tqq0.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p078tqq0.jpg" alt="February IWSR claimed that 52% of American adults they surveyed were currently trying to or had previously tried to reduce their alcohol intake (Credit: Getty Images)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/best-of-2019"><span>Best of Worklife 2019</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze"><span>The rise of the sober bar</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Margaret Eby</span></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="index-stories" data-bbc-title="The company that banned Wednesdays" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"index-stories","CHD":"card::4"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="No longer living for the weekend: if you had one more day off a week how would you spend your time? (Credit: Getty Images)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p077rfkp.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p077rfkp.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p077rfkp.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p077rfkp.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p077rfkp.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p077rfkp.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p077rfkp.jpg" alt="No longer living for the weekend: if you had one more day off a week how would you spend your time? (Credit: Getty Images)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/best-of-2019"><span>Best of Worklife 2019</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays"><span>The company that banned Wednesdays</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Celina Ribeiro</span></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="index-stories" data-bbc-title="Why airlines lengthen trips on purpose" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"index-stories","CHD":"card::5"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Getty)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p075n075.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p075n075.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p075n075.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p075n075.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p075n075.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p075n075.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p075n075.jpg" alt="(Credit: Getty)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/best-of-2019"><span>Best of Worklife 2019</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know"><span>Why airlines lengthen trips on purpose</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Kathryn B. 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class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/best-of-2019"><span>Best of Worklife 2019</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life"><span>Is a humanities degree worthless?</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Amanda Ruggeri</span></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="index-stories" data-bbc-title="The travel hack that airlines hate" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"index-stories","CHD":"card::7"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="(Alamy Stock Photo)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p0721198.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p0721198.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0721198.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0721198.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0721198.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0721198.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0721198.jpg" alt="(Alamy Stock Photo)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/best-of-2019"><span>Best of Worklife 2019</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate"><span>The travel hack that airlines hate</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Kathryn B. Creedy</span></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="index-stories" data-bbc-title="Why people overspend on their holidays" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"index-stories","CHD":"card::8"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="Even the best budgeters can run into trouble when the responsibilities of home are far, far away (Credit: Getty Images)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p05gjl1f.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p05gjl1f.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p05gjl1f.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p05gjl1f.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p05gjl1f.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p05gjl1f.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p05gjl1f.jpg" alt="Even the best budgeters can run into trouble when the responsibilities of home are far, far away (Credit: Getty Images)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/best-of-2019"><span>Best of Worklife 2019</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200730094940/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays"><span>Why people overspend on their holidays</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Alina Dizik</span></div></div></div></div></div><span></span><div class="around-the-bbc-swimlane"><div class="swimlane"><div class="swimlane-inner swimlane-inner--small"><div class="swimlane__content"><span class="swimlane__title b-reith-sans-font">Around the BBC</span><div class="swimlane__items"></div></div></div><div class="swimlane__background-image swimlane__background-image--atb" style="background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0,0,0,0.50) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.50) 100%), url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200730094940im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p06dkks1.jpg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover"></div></div></div></main></div></div> <script>window.__PWA_PRELOADED_STATE__ = 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Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Stockholm’s richest inner-city neighbourhood, Östermalm, private yachts and floating cocktail bars hug the marina. The adjacent tree-lined boulevard, Strandvägen, boasts some of the most expensive real estate in the Swedish capital, as well as exclusive boutiques and independent restaurants. Nearby, ornate 18th Century buildings house luxurious office spaces and private member’s bars.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E The area is packed with people in designer sunglasses soaking up the autumn sunshine. But finding someone who’s comfortable talking about their wealth is almost impossible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I'm not going to tell you how much I make because I don't know why I should – Robert Ingemarsson","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I'm not going to tell you how much I make because I don't know why I should,” says 30-year-old Robert Ingemarsson, who has a senior job in marketing. Asked what he does with his money, he says simply: “I spend it on stocks. I like investing”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVictor Hesse, 24, who’s out shopping, says he’s about to embark on an international talent programme for a major Swedish brand. But when asked about his salary, he says: “That’s classified”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStandard narratives about Sweden tend to highlight its social democracy, high taxes and low income inequality by global standards. But while this stereotype is rooted in facts, the gap between the rich and the poor has been steadily widening since the 1990s. The top 20% of the population \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fread.oecd-ilibrary.org\u002Feconomics\u002Foecd-economic-surveys-sweden-2017_eco_surveys-swe-2017-en#page12\"\u003Enow earn four times as much as the bottom 20%.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Video","iFrameType":"","videoImage":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p07qgy4w","videoImageAlign":"centre","videoTitle":"Young, Swedish and…. rich?","videoUrn":["p07qgx5d"],"id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Maddy Savage and Benoît Derrier.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA high income is a badge of success in many countries, but Swedes have a deep-rooted aversion to talking about their cash. Our repeated efforts to arrange interviews with young, wealthy Swedes proved tricky; off-the-record, people were happy to talk about large second homes, family yachts, sports cars or champagne sprees in nightclubs, but getting them to formalise their comments was a struggle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I have a feeling that it will come across as bragging, which unfortunately I don’t feel comfortable with,” read one text message that seemed representative of the sentiment felt by many. Others agreed to be interviewed and then became “too busy” or simply ghosted us.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut why is this? While discussing your wealth feels perfectly appropriate in some parts of the world, why does it seem like nobody in Stockholm is proud of being rich?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe concept of \u003Cem\u003EJantelagen\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELola Akinmade Åkerström, an author on Swedish culture who’s been living in Stockholm for more than a decade, says talking about money is “a very uncomfortable subject” in Sweden. She argues that boasting about wealth – or even discussing a moderate salary with a stranger – is such a taboo that many Swedes would actually feel “more comfortable talking about sex and bodily functions”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is a view shared by Stina Dahlgren, a 28-year-old Swedish journalist who spent several years living in the US. “Over in the States, when you say that you're earning a lot of money, people are cheering for you and they say: ‘good for you, good work’. But over here in Sweden, if you say that you have a good salary... people think you're weird,” she says. “You don’t ask about salaries, you don't ask about money.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr856"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Lola Åkerström","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMany cultural commentators agree that a large part of the taboo can be explained by a deep-rooted Nordic code called \u003Cem\u003EJantelagen\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, which promotes the idea of never thinking you are better than anyone else and calling out those who break this norm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Jantelagen is an unspoken societal rule that exists here in Sweden and a lot of the Nordics,” explains Akinmade Åkerström, who explores the topic in her book Lagom: The Swedish Secret of Living Well. “It’s about not being too flashy, not bragging unnecessarily, and it's a way of kind of keeping everybody – for the most part – equal... to remove sources of stress within group settings.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Jantelagen… is about not being too flashy, not bragging unnecessarily, and it's a way of kind of keeping everybody – for the most part – equal – Lola Akinmade Äkerström","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EJantelagen – which translates to The Law of Jante in English – takes its name from a rule-abiding town called Jante which featured in a fictional book by Norwegian-Danish author Aksel Sandemose in 1933. But Dr Stephen Trotter, a Scottish-Norwegian academic who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gla.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fmedia_404385_en.pdf\"\u003Ewrote about the concept\u003C\u002Fa\u003E while he was working at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, says its sentiment has existed in the Nordics – especially in rural areas – for centuries.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Jantelagen is a mechanism for social control,” he argues. “It’s not just about wealth, it’s about not pretending to know more than you do or acting above your station.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a shorthand for celebrating modesty and humbleness, Jantelagen is not dissimilar to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ftravel\u002Fstory\u002F20170607-why-are-australians-so-laid-back\"\u003Etall poppy syndrome\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a popular term in Australia and New Zealand that embraces putting down those who are showy about their wealth or status. In Scotland people talk of the ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCrab_mentality\"\u003Ecrab mentality’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – a way of thinking that nods to a crab trying to escape from a bucket, yet being pulled back by its fellow hostages. “You could say that Scandinavia just found a buzzword that fits and sums it up better than anyone else,” says Trotter.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet he also points out that the way Jantelagen plays out in Sweden and other Nordic societies is linked to specific cultural norms in those nations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr7t8"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Waterfront, Stockholm","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“You can chat about your cabin in the woods and getting underfloor heating and a patio. People [are] not surprised by that – that is a common idea in the Nordics and a lot of people have a second home here,” he argues. “But to say you’d spent the same money on two Lamborghinis – you would probably get a bit laughed at!\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAkinmade Äkerstöm argues that while Sweden has fought hard to maintain a global image as a classless social democracy, many Swedes still surround themselves with people in similar income brackets. This, she says, means that the rules of \u003Cem\u003EJantelagen \u003C\u002Fem\u003Ecan therefore shift depending on the company; bragging is more acceptable among those with similar backgrounds.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Behind closed doors with others of the same socio-economic status, they [richer people] are more comfortable. They can talk about their summer homes or their cars with everybody on the same level.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBack in Östermalm, Andreas Kensen, 33, who doesn’t live in the area but is spending the afternoon visiting its smart boutiques, agrees that Jantelagenis contextual. “I would definitely tell my friends that we've been out travelling or, you know, show it off on Instagram or Facebook. But it’s nothing I would tell a stranger I just met,” he explains.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA vocal backlash\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, growing numbers of young, successful Swedes are starting to criticise Jantelagen, and calling for a more vocal conversation about wealth and success.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese include Nicole Falciani, 22, who began earning money from blogging as a teenager and is now a major influencer, with 354,000 followers on Instagram. At a glamorous wedding-themed jewellery shoot at an out-of-town allotment cafe, she doesn’t bat an eyelid when asked to tell us her typical fee: around $20,000 per campaign. It’s money she mostly spends on designer bags and travel, having bought a city centre apartment at the age of 20.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr7r3"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Andreas Kensen","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I would love it if Jantelagen would disappear, because I think that would be so much better for everyone living here... Our society would be much more open if we could talk about money,” she argues. “It's quite a nice thought that everyone should be equal and that we are all the same. But it doesn't work, because if you're working harder than anyone else, then you should be proud of it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Our society would be much more open if we could talk about money – Nicole Falciani","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECornelius Cappelen, an associate professor in comparative politics at the University of Bergen in Norway, believes the rise of social media is behind the youth backlash against Jantelagen. He argues that blogging and video-blogging in particular support the kind of “rampant individualism” that promotes standing out from the crowd, which has, until recently, been far less prevalent in Nordic countries than other western nations, particularly the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“More and more people use the term [Jantelagen] as an abuse – especially many young people explicitly claim that they hate the mentality,” he argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr8jx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Nicole Falciani","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAkinmade Åkerström also believes that social media has had a major impact. Since bragging has become commonplace on Facebook and Instagram, Swedes whose personal achievements stand out have started to feel more comfortable making their success public, she argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There are very skilled, talented people that have been suppressed by Jantelagen, but then they’ve seen mediocre people bragging (online) with confidence.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think Jantelagen is going to slowly fade out because those people that have been repressed will start standing up and saying, ‘you know, I'm good at this!’... And social media also connects you to a wider audience that isn't familiar with Jantelagen.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe author believes that Jantelagen is also becoming less popular due to a rise in immigration. In Sweden, the most diverse of the Nordic nations, around 25% of people were born abroad or have two foreign parents. “What other cultures are bringing in is celebrating your success, celebrating talented people, celebrating skills,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a theory welcomed by Nicole Falciani, who was born and raised in Sweden but has two Italian parents. She says that she sometimes found it tricky to work out which of the topics that she discussed at home or with relatives in Italy were socially acceptable to talk about in Swedish society.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr813"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I think it will get better, because we're getting more European, we have more foreigners living in Sweden taking their culture here. And we have a lot of American TV programmes and they don't have Jantelagen at all,” she says. However, she doubts the concept will disappear completely because it is “so rooted in Swedish culture or in Scandinavian culture”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECornelius Cappelen, the associate professor, says he’s also uncertain about the concept’s potential to disappear.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Will it stick around it the future? Well, my guess is as good as yours. But I will say this: I hope the nice aspect of it – the modesty code of not sticking one’s neck out – will continue to exist and I hope that the negative aspect of it – ‘cutting people down to size’ – will wither away.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile some immigrants to Sweden say they have embraced Jantelagen\u003Cem\u003E, \u003C\u002Fem\u003Eincluding 35-year-old Natalia Irribara, who moved to Stockholm from Chile three years ago.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think in Chile we have a really narcissistic society where accomplishments are really important – like academic qualifications, sport, being pretty... the car, the school, the house,” she says. “[Here] we have a model as a neighbour, but they never talk about ‘oh, I was in this magazine’. Another neighbour is a photographer who accomplished great things, but never talks about it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“For me humbleness is really important, and the thing I like in Sweden is that with Jantelagen it’s not that important, those material things.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAdditional research by Emelie Svensson.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"calloutBodyHtml":"\u003Cp\u003E1. You shall not believe you are anything\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E2. You shall not believe you are as much as us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E3. You shall not believe you are wiser than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E4. You shall not imagine you are better than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E5. You shall not believe you know more than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E6. You shall not believe you are more than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E7. You shall not believe you are good for anything\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E8. You shall not laugh at us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E9. You shall not believe anyone cares about you\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E10. You shall not believe you can teach us anything\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","calloutTitle":"The Laws of Jante","cardType":"CalloutBox","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-19"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-09T21:11:36Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Jantelagen: Why Swedes won’t talk about wealth","headlineShort":"Where wealth is ‘more taboo than sex’","image":["p07pr7xt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f0f018f654288bc0399932d"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07pr7z2"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"A high income is a badge of success in many countries, but in Sweden a deep-rooted cultural code called Jantelagen stops many from talking about it.","summaryShort":"Where a deep-rooted cultural code stops many from talking about money","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fthe-nordic-way"],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-08T20:30:46.255283Z","entity":"article","guid":"ed9da005-849d-4402-ac94-47387efbc26b","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-20T20:05:21.570585Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581681},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live","_id":"5f0f00ea654288bc039400d4","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fjessica-bateman"],"bodyIntro":"The places where Greek locals can call home are changing – and, in some cases, disappearing – as short-term holiday rentals cannibalise long-term housing arrangements.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EColette Nolan fell in love with the island of Paros 28 years ago when she moved there from the UK with her Greek now-ex-husband. “All my grandchildren were born and raised here,” the 60-year-old says. “I love being by the sea and the laidback lifestyle.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut Nolan’s time on the picturesque Cycladic island – famed for its blue-and-white painted houses – may be about to come to an end. Her landlord and landlady are asking her to leave the apartment she has lived in for five years so they can rent part of the property on Airbnb.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“They’re an elderly couple and they stay in the apartment above me for a month or two each summer,” she explains. “They told me they want my apartment back because they are struggling with the stairs. But when I suggested I move upstairs instead, they said their son wants to turn it into an Airbnb.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETwo-bed apartments like Nolan’s in her area of Paros average about 80 euros a night, versus Nolan’s 100-euro per month rent. That makes earning potential for landlords much higher, especially throughout the high season of June, July and August. This income disparity is one of the reasons that, although Nolan’s contract doesn’t end until next April, they are taking her to court to force her out earlier.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe is struggling to find a new home. Nelson lives across the road from her daughter, Katerina Bamboulis, and sees her every day. However, if she can no longer afford the cost of living, she says she may need to return to the UK for better work opportunities, and leave these close ties behind.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHousing challenges like these are becoming increasingly common in places where tourism is thriving: the number of short-term rentals is eclipsing the number of places where locals can live.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07lp3th"],"imageAlignment":"left","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘There isn’t anywhere for them to go’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShort-term holiday rentals have caused \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-45083954\"\u003Ehousing shortages and rent increases \u003C\u002Fa\u003Ein cities around the world. The impact has been significant in many small places such as the Greek islands, which are home to intimate local communities year round, but see huge crowds arrive in summer for holidays.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe island of Paros has a permanent population of just 13,000, but its visitor numbers have grown recently: between 2014 and 2017, the number of overnight stays increased from 332,418 to 421,418. According to data site Inside Airbnb, there are \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Finsideairbnb.com\u002Fsouth-aegean\"\u003E2,435 listings on the island\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, 82.9% of which are entire homes or apartments.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGreece, in general, has \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ekathimerini.com\u002F225302\u002Farticle\u002Fekathimerini\u002Fbusiness\u002Ftaxes-shake-greeks-love-of-home-ownership\"\u003Ea home ownership rate of 74%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – one of the highest in Europe. It is common for middle class families to own several properties, some of which they save for their children and rent out in the meantime. However, following Greece’s debt crisis, during which \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fnews\u002Fwonk\u002Fwp\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F26\u002Fgreeces-economic-crisis-is-over-only-if-you-dont-live-there\u002F\"\u003Eits economy shrank by 26%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, many landlords have taken properties off the long-term rental market in the hope they will make more money from short-term lets.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Most renters have been asked to leave because the owners want to Airbnb. But there isn’t anywhere for them to go – Colette Nolan","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor many families whose household incomes were battered during the crisis, the ability to take advantage of Greece’s tourism industry and make some extra money through rental sites has provided a lifeline. But for those likely to be living in rented accommodation – such as single or divorced people, students, seasonal workers or doctors and teachers in temporary postings – these platforms’ popularity is causing housing shortages and pushing rents up.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It used to be easy [to find a house on Paros],” says Nolan. “Now, it seems everyone’s looking. Most renters have been asked to leave because the owners want to Airbnb. But there isn’t anywhere for them to go.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENolan is used to paying her 100 euros a month rent, but the only comparable places now available for long-term rent are at least 300 euros a month. “When you add bills on top [ofand ma Greece’s relatively expensive utilities], it becomes a lot,” she says. “And we don’t have a lot of money here. We work in the summer and then do whatever odd jobs we can in the winter … I work in a hotel, and in winter I teach a bit of English and do cleaning for people.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07lp3z5"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ENolan’s daughter Bamboulis finds the situation complicated, as she manages holiday villas on the island for a living, several of which are rented online. With her expertise, Bamboulis explains the perspective of the landlords on these holiday islands.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“With Airbnb I can make 10,000 euros in three months [of rental]. I pay 2,000 euros tax, 2,000 euros for cleaners and damages and am left with 6,000 euros. If there’s a problem with the guests, Airbnb comes straight in and helps,” she says. In contrast, if she were to rent that same house as a long-term rental, she’d comparatively make 10,000 euros a year, pay 3,000 in tax and 3,000 in damages – a total of 4,000 euros net. “And if I have a [tenant] problem I can’t get them out. So, this is why a lot of people don’t want to do long-term rental.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlong with the lower taxes and maintenance costs that landlords receive for short-term holiday rentals, Bamboulis says that many landlords favour Airbnb over working independently, since the platform provides landlords more support than Greece’s own legal system.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBamboulis understands that landlords have more earning potential in short-term rentals, but also believes that what is happening to her mother is unfair. “If the Greek state supported long-term rentals the way it does short-term, we wouldn’t have this problem.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘We have our own lives here’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn the other side of the country, on the Ionian island of Corfu, a similar situation is playing out. Corfu is larger than Paros – 102,000 people live here all year round – and the island also has a university. But the prevalence of short-term holiday rentals in the main town has led to students having to live in hotels, and local people struggling to find suitable housing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENikoleta Pandi, 30, says that she and her mother spent two years trying to find an apartment together before finally settling for a one-bed on the outskirts of Corfu Town. She sleeps in the bedroom and her mum has the living room.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"People either have to pay very expensive rent or live in Airbnbs themselves – George Tzimas","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I was living in a village, but I wanted to be in Corfu Town for work,” she says. She found prices for two-bedroom apartments had jumped from less than 200 euros a month five years ago to 500 euros or more. “We pay 350 euros [for our one-bedroom], which is really cheap,” she says, adding that they found the apartment through a family friend, which is “the only way” for locals to find living arrangements now.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough living in such a tight space is “not the best”, Nikoleta says it hasn’t impacted the relationship with her mother too much because they aren’t viewing the set-up as long-term; Nikoleta is moving to Athens to start a master’s, and her mum will stay in the apartment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07lp3kr"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOn other islands, anger at the situation is growing. George Tzimas, 28, an architectural student at the University of Crete in Chania, says that students feel discouraged from applying to the university because of the housing shortage. “People either have to pay very expensive rent or live in Airbnbs themselves,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETzimas and other activists have been organising marches along Chania’s Old Venetian Harbour – a spot popular with tourists. “People who live on the island already know there’s a problem, so we want the visitors to see. We want them to know that we want to have our own lives here and it not just be a place for tourists. We do not even have a public park.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThroughout the country, people are wondering whether Greece’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ekathimerini.com\u002F242244\u002Farticle\u002Fekathimerini\u002Fbusiness\u002Ftourism-drops-in-greece-after-5-record-years\"\u003Eoverall falling visitor numbers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E might dampen the Airbnb gold rush – airports around the country have recorded a 1.5% drop on average so far this year, and arrivals at Chania are down 5.6%.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There might be a lot of disappointed Airbnb owners who decide it’s less trouble to get someone in for a year,” says Nolan. “At least, that’s what we’re hoping.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-10"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-03T19:22:14Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The holiday islands where locals have nowhere to live","headlineShort":"When holiday rentals take over homes","image":["p07lp3kr"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"The places where Greek locals can call home are changing – and, in some cases, disappearing – as short-term holiday rentals cannibalise long-term housing arrangements.","summaryShort":"Greece’s tourist boom is leaving some residents without homes","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fchanging-home"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-02T20:28:56.010215Z","entity":"article","guid":"243f3ee6-0d50-41c8-966c-98f43e3c2908","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-20T20:07:40.009791Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581681},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone","_id":"5f0f00ea654288bc0393ff1c","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmaddy-savage"],"bodyIntro":"Swedes typically stop living with their parents earlier than anywhere else in Europe. But can leaving home at a young age have a dark side?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFleeing the family nest is a rite of passage many teenagers dream of, yet it’s a luxury millennials and Generation Z across much of the Western world are having to wait much longer for.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the US, more young people are living with their parents than at any time since 1940, according to a recent \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pewsocialtrends.org\u002F2016\u002F05\u002F24\u002Ffor-first-time-in-modern-era-living-with-parents-edges-out-other-living-arrangements-for-18-to-34-year-olds\"\u003EPew Research Center analysis\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of census data. A 2019 study by British think tank \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.civitas.org.uk\u002Fcontent\u002Ffiles\u002Friseandfalltheshiftinhouseholdgrowthratessincethe1990s.pdf\"\u003ECivitas\u003C\u002Fa\u003E found that the proportion of 23-year-olds living with their parents in the UK had risen from 37% in 1998 to 49% a decade later.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In Sweden, the most common age to leave home is between 18 and 19, compared to the EU average of 26","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn Sweden it’s a different story. The most common age to leave home is between 18 and 19, compared to the EU average of 26, according to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fappsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\u002Fnui\u002Fshow.do?query=BOOKMARK_DS-344495_QID_-50DAB6C1_UID_-3F171EB0&layout=SEX,L,X,0;GEO,L,Y,0;UNIT,L,Z,0;TIME,C,Z,1;INDICATORS,C,Z,2;&zSelection=DS-344495UNIT,AVG;DS-344495INDICATORS,OBS_FLAG;DS-344495TIME,2017;&rankName1=UNIT_1_2_-1_2&rankName2=INDICATORS_1_2_-1_2&rankName3=TIME_1_0_0_0&rankName4=SEX_1_2_0_0&rankName5=GEO_1_2_0_1&rStp=&cStp=&rDCh=&cDCh=&rDM=true&cDM=true&footnes=false&empty=false&wai=false&time_mode=ROLLING&time_most_recent=true&lang=EN&cfo=%23%23%23%2C%23%23%23.%23%23%23\"\u003EEurostat\u003C\u002Fa\u003E figures. And a significant proportion of these young Swedes aren’t moving into cramped house shares or student dorms. They are living alone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I’d always wanted to move out of home and I’d always felt ready,” says Ida Staberg, who has been renting an apartment by herself in Vällingby, a suburb north-west of Stockholm, for two years, since she was 19.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Video","iFrameType":"","videoImage":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p07lb9k7","videoImageAlign":"centre","videoTitle":"‘Even if it is tough… it teaches you a lot’","videoUrn":["p07l8515"],"id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Maddy Savage and Benoît Derrier.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a sparsely-decorated studio – just a few photos and a wire butterfly hanging on the wall – around 30 sq m in size. She has a long-term rent-controlled contract that costs her around $850 (8,000 kronor) a month, which she pays from her salary working for a security firm. Her parents and two younger siblings live about an hour away on the other side of the city.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“To know I can look after myself and I have power over my own life, without being guided by my family or my siblings and their timetable,” are the main benefits, she argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"More than half of Swedish households are single-person, the highest proportion in the EU","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMore than half of Swedish households are single-person, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Feurostat\u002Fweb\u002Fproducts-eurostat-news\u002F-\u002FDDN-20170905-1?inheritRedirect=true\"\u003Ethe highest proportion in the EU\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, according to Eurostat. Official figures given to the BBC by the Swedish government’s number-crunching agency Statistics Sweden suggest that includes around one in five 18- to 25-year-olds, although its researchers estimate that the real number could be higher, since many remain registered at their parents’ address while they stay in sublet rentals.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07l5jhq"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe norm of moving out at a young age has even persisted during a \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20160517-this-is-one-city-where-youll-never-find-a-home\"\u003Emajor housing squeeze\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Long queues for rent-controlled accommodation and a pricey subletting market have made it harder to find affordable apartments in major cities and forced some to delay fleeing the nest. But the proportion of young people living by themselves has barely changed since 2011, according to Statistics Sweden.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It is special in Sweden – and the Nordics – that there is much less variation in leaving age than other countries,” explains Gunnar Andersson, professor of demography at Stockholm University.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In other parts of Europe it’s not considered problematic to depend on your family and in southern Europe it should even be considered a goal – if you don’t, it would be like rejecting your family,” he says. “In Sweden...it’s the goal to create an independent individual...there’s seen to be something wrong if the child stays at home.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In Sweden...it’s the goal to create an independent individual...there’s seen to be something wrong if the child stays at home – Gunnar Andersson","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAndersson explains that Sweden’s “culture of individualism” dates back centuries, with teenagers in rural communities typically leaving home to go and work on another farm. In more recent years the norm of young people living alone has, he says, remained realistic thanks to Sweden’s strong welfare state which, in theory, should enable them to have access to affordable housing, healthcare and education without relying on relatives or partners for help.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, he says that the housing stock in Swedish towns and cities, which is largely made up of compact apartments, “helps maintain” this norm. By contrast, in urban hubs like London, Paris or New York there are numerous converted townhouses that make sense for young professionals to share.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07l8w25"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELiberating or lonely?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut while many young Swedes enjoy the kind of social and financial freedom that might sound like fantasy to many global peers, there are concerns that fleeing the nest so soon can have its downsides.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKarin Schulz, general secretary of the Swedish mental health charity Mind, argues that while “it's great for young people to be able to be independent,” Sweden’s focus on moving out after high school can have a damaging impact on those who are not yet mentally equipped to live alone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“For some they're not really ready for it...You have a lot of things to think about, a lot of decisions to make and it is a struggle for many,” she explains.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIda Staberg, now 21, experienced problems with budgeting and administrative tasks when she first moved into her apartment in Vällingby.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In the beginning I didn’t even know how to pay a bill and then there’s also the stress of getting money together yourself – Ida Staberg","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I realised quickly that there was a lot to think about,” she explains. “In the beginning I didn’t even know how to pay a bill and then there’s also the stress of getting money together yourself, but also things like when the washing up liquid runs out and you can’t do the dishes, or the toilet paper doesn’t refill itself.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to Schulz, “emotional loneliness” is another challenge. While most teenagers have active social lives and large networks on social media, she says some can struggle with moving out if they don't have a close friend or relative “to really talk about their life and their emotions to”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07l5jl7"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EDespite \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20151124-the-best-city-for-working-families\"\u003ESweden’s global reputation for prioritising family life\u003C\u002Fa\u003E when children are small, Schulz believes that parents are often more focused on offering “practical rather than emotional” support once their offspring move out. \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.statistikdatabasen.scb.se\u002Fpxweb\u002Fen\u002Fssd\u002FSTART__LE__LE0101__LE0101R\u002FLE0101R07\u002Ftable\u002FtableViewLayout1\u002F\"\u003EA 2017 study by Statistics Sweden\u003C\u002Fa\u003E found that more than 55% of 16 to 24 year-olds don’t socialise with any close relatives.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We hear a lot that they [young people] don't have any adults that are courageous enough and open enough to really talk to them and take the initiative to really ask them how they are.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESchulz says it’s not possible to draw clear links between loneliness and specific mental health diagnoses. But the number of young adults aged 16 to 24 given treatment for psychiatric illness in Sweden has risen by nearly 70% over the past decade, according to figures released by Sweden’s National Board of Health and Welfare in 2018.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The number of young adults given treatment for psychiatric illness in Sweden has risen by nearly 70% over the past decade","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EChristoffer Sandström, 26, who has lived alone since he was 21, has been vocal about his struggles after relocating to a rented flat in Stockholm from Sundsvall, a city around 380km north.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It tore on my mental health a bit and I felt more isolated than ever in my life,” he says. “I lost energy, and was feeling a bit more sad and not as excited in the morning or when the sun rose. I just wanted to make time go faster and get through the day.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe shared a house with friends during travels in Australia and says he found this less of a challenge. “There is a lot of pressure on young people [in Sweden] to be an adult and act like an adult,” he argues. “But it is more difficult to live by yourself than with friends and family.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe says he feels better since making a good group of friends at work and joining sport activities. “I still feel lonely sometimes, but it is a bit less now.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor Ida Staberg, the novelty of being independent also wore off quickly, and mental health problems she’d experienced as a younger teenager started to resurface. “I felt alone and did not have anyone close by,” she explains. “It was like an emptiness...It became easy to start thinking bad things about myself, or destructive thoughts.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07l5jft"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-19"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThere has not been a nationwide survey of loneliness since 2013, but that research for Statistics Sweden found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dn.se\u002Fnyheter\u002Fsverige\u002Far-ensamheten-bland-unga-vuxna-en-ny-epidemi\u002F\"\u003E16.8% of 16 to 24 year-olds said they had “felt alone during the last two weeks\u003C\u002Fa\u003E”. Only Swedes in the over-75s category reported higher levels of loneliness (17.4%).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDr Filip Fors Connolly, a sociologist at Umeå University in northern Sweden and co-author of the book chapter \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fumu.diva-portal.org\u002Fsmash\u002Frecord.jsf?language=sv&pid=diva2%3A825388&dswid=5\"\u003EThe Swedish Loneliness\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, argues that living alone is “definitely a factor” when it comes to perceived levels of emotional loneliness among young Swedes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, he warns that the bigger picture is more complex. For example, young people may tend to report feeling lonelier than more mature single household dwellers regardless of their objective social situation because they are “more insecure in themselves” at that age.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPlus it could be that young Swedes are increasingly raising concerns about loneliness because they are more comfortable talking about their needs and feelings than previous generations. Fors Connolly says it is therefore “not clear that the present generation feels lonelier compared to previous generations”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, other research suggests that the tendency to live alone in Sweden has not left it a lonelier nation than European neighbours. In fact, the latest European Social Survey, released in 2014, found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Fjrc\u002Fsites\u002Fjrcsh\u002Ffiles\u002Ffairness_pb2018_loneliness_jrc_i1.pdf\"\u003Eonly 5% of Swedes experienced frequent loneliness\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, slightly lower than the European average of 7%.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA new kind of shared living?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet despite a lack of hard data on the issue, loneliness as a potential social and health problem for young Swedes is increasingly generating discussion. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESweden’s largest daily newspaper Dagens Nyheter recently ran the headline ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dn.se\u002Fnyheter\u002Fsverige\u002Far-ensamheten-bland-unga-vuxna-en-ny-epidemi\u002F\"\u003EIs loneliness among young people a new epidemic?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’, while the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rodakorset.fi\u002Fsok-stod-och-hjalp\u002Fhjalp-i-ensamheten\"\u003ERed Cross\u003C\u002Fa\u003E has increased resources for tackling loneliness among different age groups. One Nordic start-up, No Isolation, has been campaigning for the government to appoint a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metro.se\u002Fasikt\u002Fdebatt:-sverige-behover-en-ensamhetsminister-P7DDnAFmu_\"\u003Eloneliness minister\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The issue is also having an impact on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thelocal.se\u002F20171223\u002Fwhy-is-it-so-hard-to-make-friends-with-the-swedes\"\u003Ediscussions about integration\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; Sweden frequently comes \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsverigesradio.se\u002Fsida\u002Fartikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=7035791\"\u003Eclose to the bottom of global rankings\u003C\u002Fa\u003E when it comes to the ease of making new friends.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is a slow-burning public debate about whether shifts in Swedish housing and socialising habits might help tackle the issue. In larger cities, this includes a bubbling movement championing shared living.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-20"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07l5jhz"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-21"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 2011, one of Stockholm’s limited medieval townhouses, named \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fhus24.org\u002F\"\u003EHus 24\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, became the first property in the Nordics to be formally branded a co-living space. Launched by Lisa Renander, an entrepreneur who felt lonely when she moved back to Sweden from Silicon Valley, the building has 12 spots for young professionals looking for a shared home. A sister property, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.k9coliving.com\u002F\"\u003EK9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, was launched five years later – a disused hotel renovated to hold 50 professionals who have so far included lawyers, consultants, teachers, bartenders and professional dancers alongside start-up workers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe latest venture to make waves, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcolive.se\u002F\"\u003EColive\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, opened its first 11-person property in May 2019 in an airy converted attic in Södermalm, one of Stockholm’s hippest city-centre neighbourhoods. Here, the cost of a small double bedroom is around the same as Ida Staberg’s studio in Vällingby (around $850 a month).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Co-living (provides) a social arena for a lot of people that get lonely,” argues co-founder Katarina Liljestam Beyer. She says that addressing loneliness is a major goal of the company, alongside providing a solution to Stockholm’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20160517-this-is-one-city-where-youll-never-find-a-home\"\u003Elong queues for affordable apartments\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – and its long winters.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In Sweden it's really dark in the evenings (during the winter) and you don't feel like going out during the week, which makes some people feel isolated. If you already live with other people, you have your dinner company under the same roof as your own room. If you don’t want to socialise, you can just close your door.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“As far as quality of life goes, it just gives much more joy to be around other people – especially if they're like-minded,” agrees 25-year-old Katrine Bimell, a virtual reality architect who is one of the initial housemates, carefully screened from hundreds of applicants.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-22"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07l5jkh"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-23"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EShe says she was “feeling alright” when she lived alone in her late teens and early 20s, but experienced a major shift in her mood when she started co-living. “There was such a contrast... because then the life at home became much more colourful.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EColive wants to create tens of thousands of co-living units within a decade, aimed at 18- to 30-year-olds from all backgrounds, and believes there is a strong market. A 2014 report by innovation consultancy United Minds suggested \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmb.cision.com\u002FPublic\u002F197\u002F9542344\u002Fa96a7d2f07b0993b.pdf\"\u003Ealmost half of 18 to 35 year-olds in Stockholm would be interested in sharing with friends or others\u003C\u002Fa\u003E outside their immediate family and Katarina Liljestam Beyer says the company’s own research has backed up the findings.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is perhaps no coincidence that the co-living trend has emerged in tandem with a \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20170331-how-do-younetworkin-anation-of-introverts\"\u003Eboom in apps\u003C\u002Fa\u003E finding other innovative ways to encourage Swedes to socialise. These include \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpanion.com\u002F\"\u003EPanion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E,\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E which allows users to search for friends with similar interests and join group activities, and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gofrendly.se\u002F\"\u003EGoFrendly\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a women-only platform that matches users with like-minded people in their area. The number of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.insidescandinavianbusiness.com\u002Farticle.php?id=202\"\u003Eco-working spaces\u003C\u002Fa\u003E has also mushroomed, reflecting the growing numbers of Swedes starting their own businesses or joining the gig economy, yet seeking the community of a shared space.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut just how mainstream co-living will become in Sweden remains up for debate. Housemate Katrine Bimell says people have been discussing the concept at parties “since a few years back” and is hopeful it will continue to grow.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There is a reaction going on in people who are looking for a different context from living on their own,” she reflects. “It’s [happening] among different communities as well, with different values. It seems they [co-living spaces] are spreading here and all over the city.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-24"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07l5jj0"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-25"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHowever demography professor Gunnar Andersson believes it is unlikely that collective housing projects will become mainstream any time soon, due to Sweden’s deep-rooted culture of individualism. Previous generations have also tested the idea, without it taking off on a large scale.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-26"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In Sweden we like to feel like individuals. I think it’s a good thing – we are not as co-dependent as others – Jonna Lundin","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-27"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Everybody seems to agree that this would be something great, in theory that is,” he argues. “In real life hardly anything seems to happen... probably because the arrangement doesn’t, after all, fit the Swedish logics and mindset.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile plenty of young Swedes say they wouldn’t trade their experience of living alone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In Sweden we like to feel like individuals. I think it’s a good thing – we are not as co-dependent as others,” says Jonna Lundin, who moved into a one-bedroom apartment in Stockholm aged 19 to attend university. “For me it was a way to get to know myself and what I want and what I like and don’t like.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHer boyfriend has recently moved in, but she says she was rarely lonely or bored while living solo and couldn’t imagine returning to her parents or living in collective housing if her relationship didn’t work out.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd back in Vällingby, Ida Staberg argues that even after her own struggles with loneliness, she wouldn’t change what she’s been through. “Even if it is tough sometimes and difficult and feels lonely... it teaches you a lot and develops you a lot,” she says. “So I think it is something positive”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHer words recall an old Swedish proverb: “ensam är stark” – “alone is strong”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone-28"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-08-22T03:24:37Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why so many young Swedes live alone","headlineShort":"Why so many young Swedes live alone","image":["p07l5jj6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"In Sweden, people typically stop living with their parents earlier than anywhere else in Europe. But can leaving home at a young age have a dark side?","summaryShort":"A fifth of Swedes aged 18-25 live solo. But what's the downside?","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fthe-nordic-way"],"creationDateTime":"2019-08-21T20:29:07.996055Z","entity":"article","guid":"24de01d8-6e51-4e41-aa6f-9d68c037e8d3","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-20T20:01:58.312379Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190821-why-so-many-young-swedes-live-alone","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581681},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work","_id":"5f0f00e8654288bc0393f580","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Femily-torres"],"bodyIntro":"Is your boss commitment-phobic?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003ERead all of the year's biggest hits here.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EStop breadcrumbing me!\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOur modern dating vocabulary is making its way into our work lexicon, and it’s bringing more life and colour to the way we describe our experiences. Have you ever been ghosted by a potential employer? Or have you \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20190118-how-people-are-ghosting-their-employers\"\u003Eghosted them\u003C\u002Fa\u003E? Now, thanks to the latest series of the reality TV show Love Island, we have a new word for an old practice: breadcrumbing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Breadcrumbing is when you leave little bits of bread for someone. It’s a way of saying when you lead someone on,” explains Love Island host Caroline Flack. These small amounts of communication, encouragement or rewards ultimately might leave the recipient empty-handed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhether you’re being strung along in a drawn-out hiring process or your existing employer is leading you on, breadcrumbing gives you “just enough” to keep you on the line. You can see it when your manager drops hints about new projects, raises or promotions that may – or may not – ever materialise.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Breadcrumbing is really a modern term for what we used to call intermittent reinforcement, which is one of the strongest ways to develop someone's behaviour,” says B Lynn Ware, an industrial\u002Forganisational psychologist and the CEO of a leadership consultancy in California. She explains that successful managers use behavioural reinforcement to develop their staff through appropriate and proportional recognition and rewards.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut what if they’re not actually using it for employee development? It may be because employers are not aware of the range of opportunities available for top talent. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fworkinstitute.com\u002Fabout-us\u002Fnews-events\u002Farticleid\u002F2259\u002F2018%20retention%20report\"\u003E2018 Employee Retention Report\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by the Work Institute, an employee research company, found that in the US, 40% of all turnover in 2017 was of employees who quit within their first year of employment. This was up from 34% in 2016. According to the report, the rise in turnover shows that employees have greater flexibility to find better employment elsewhere.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlternatively, “it could be that the employee is not considered top talent,” says Ware. “Those people don't get recognition when they deserve it, because the employer is hoping they leave on their own.” The Work Institute report identified that turnover costs employers, on average, 33% of the employee’s base pay. Perhaps this is why it seems better to string along a less-than-perfect employee rather than immediately undergo the costs of replacing them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo how can you tell when you’re being breadcrumbed, and what should you do about it?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07hmfjq"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageCaption":"Turnover can cost employers 33% of the employee’s base pay - perhaps this is why it seems better to string along a less-than-perfect employee","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERed flags to watch for\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a healthy workplace, feedback comes readily and regularly. Take stock of when you receive rewards or encouragement; is it only during times of peak burnout, or right when you’re ready to call it quits? An employer who only offers encouragement or rewards in response to challenges may be more concerned with avoiding turnover than actually developing you as an employee.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStay vigilant of how your manager communicates rewards to you, as well. If they communicate messages, pay rises and promotions without discussion, it can show a lack of interest in employee development. Two-way communication and negotiation are essential.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA classic breadcrumbing tactic is giving someone just enough to keep them busy, without taking the risk of doing something totally new. So, consider how your managers reacts to your proposals for new projects or ideas. Are they encouraging you to explore these new avenues? Or are they requiring you to stay on the track they’ve designed for you?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFinally, one of the biggest red flags is when a company routinely dangles promotions or promises title changes without following through.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"If they communicate messages, pay rises and promotions without discussion, it can show a lack of interest in employee development.","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEstablishing follow-through\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWorkers continue to expect more from their employers in terms of engagement and development. And savvy employers know that developing their employees’ careers cultivates loyalty. According to LinkedIn’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flearning.linkedin.com\u002Fresources\u002Fworkplace-learning-report-2018#trends\"\u003E2018 Workplace Learning Report\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which surveyed over 4,000 employees, managers, executives and talent developers, 94% of employees would stay at a job longer if it invested in their career.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo if you’re expecting your employer to go beyond empty promises and to facilitate your career development, set expectations. Ask your manager for feedback, discuss areas for improvement, and share your career goals with them. If you’re on track for a promotion, outline a clear track and timeline with your manager.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf the discussion is stalling, share specific examples of your contributions to the team. Explain how your personal skills development will benefit the company as a whole, so your manager can clearly see how it relates to the big picture.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUltimately, your employer should keep their word and remain engaged in developing you as an asset. Frequent, transparent communication and commensurate rewards are a must – breadcrumbs, but the right kind.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I don't think breadcrumbing is necessarily a bad thing. As long as the manager follows through on it,” says Ware. “Managers are trained to recognise talented employees and help them grow, and it should always come with follow through.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you find yourself picking up rewards and promises from your employer, just make sure the trail of breadcrumbs actually leads somewhere. If not, maybe it’s time to find a new path to follow.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work-4"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":true,"displayDate":"2019-08-13T00:01:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"How to tell if you’re being ‘breadcrumbed’ at work","headlineShort":"Are you being breadcrumbed at work?","image":["p07hmbdf"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"career development","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"worker exhausted overtime","promoImage":["p07hmfjq"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Is your boss commitment-phobic?","summaryShort":"Employers just avoiding turnover, not developing staff, are breadcrumbing them","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fworklife"],"creationDateTime":"2019-07-23T15:34:44.69278Z","entity":"article","guid":"5a820eb0-1bbf-4100-9c90-37d70d5e42d2","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-20T20:02:16.199728Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190723-how-to-tell-if-youre-being-breadcrumbed-at-work","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581682},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend","_id":"5f0f00e8654288bc0393f94a","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fdavid-robson"],"bodyIntro":"Employing the “decoy effect” could bend others to your will, improve your finances, and more.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen you buy a cup of coffee, you might have noticed that of the three size options – small, medium and large – the medium-sized serving often costs almost as much as the large. Given the apparent bargain, have you ever opted for the biggest and most expensive option?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf so, you have been nudged by a cognitive bias known as the “decoy effect”, in which the deliberate presentation of an additional, slightly less attractive option – in this case, the relatively expensive medium-sized coffee – pushes you to pay out more money than you would have rationally chosen. “If you frame options in a certain way, you can nudge people in the direction of higher-priced products,” says Linda Chang, a psychologist at Harvard University.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe decoy effect was first investigated as a potential marketing strategy to influence consumer choices such as this, but the latest research shows that it could also have potent effects in recruitment, healthcare, even politics. It shows us just how easily our judgement is swayed by the context in which the facts are presented – even when that additional information may have no bearing on the overall judgement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy learning about the decoy effect, you may become less susceptible to this unconscious influence. You may even discover ways to put it to your own use as a tool for persuasion.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07jjgtx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELike many of the now infamous cognitive biases that plague our thinking, the decoy effect was first documented in the 1980s, and the best way to understand these experiments is to consider an example.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EImagine you are choosing flights from the following options.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFlight A costs $400 with a stopover of 60 minutes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFlight B costs $330 with a stopover of 150 minutes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFlight C costs $435 with a stopover of 60 minutes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this case, the researchers found that most people would choose Flight A, since it is cheaper than Flight C, but with a shorter waiting time – even though it is considerably more expensive than B.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENow look at a different set of flights:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFlight A costs $400 with a stopover of 60 minutes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFlight B costs $330 with a stopover of 150 minutes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFlight C costs $330 with a stopover of 195 minutes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this scenario, most people’s preference is now Flight B.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELogically speaking, that makes no sense: B should be no more attractive now than in the first example because the waiting time and price are still exactly the same. But the change in Flight C – to have an even longer stopover – has altered the way the participants perceived the other possibilities, so that now they preferred to suffer a longer waiting time for a cheaper price.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn each case, Flight C – “the decoy” – was designed to appear similar to, but slightly less attractive than one of the other options (the “target”). And that comparison boosts the target’s perceived desirability. Experiments examining choices such as these have found \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0749597896900837\"\u003Ethe use of a well-designed decoy such as this can shift opinion between the other two options by as much as 40%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – showing just how easily our decisions can be swayed by the way they are framed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECrucially, as the first scenario shows, this placement of a dud option can even mean that the consumer is willing to pay more money – making the decoy effect of very keen interest to marketers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPsychologists still debate the exact reasons for this particular effect, but one idea is that the comparison with the decoy offers us an easy justification for an otherwise arbitrary decision. If you were to compare just A and B, it’s hard to know exactly how to appraise the trade-offs between cost and waiting time – how much money is 90 minutes’ extra wait really worth? But if one option is obviously better than the decoy – Flight C – on one of those measures, you have a ready-made reason to explain your preference.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese patterns of behaviour have been observed for many different kinds of goods – from beer to TVs, cars and houses: an unattractive third option changes people’s preferences between the two other possibilities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbooks.google.co.uk\u002Fbooks?id=kApgNtTsAccC&lpg=PT34&vq=decoy&pg=PT24#v=snippet&q=decoy&f=false\"\u003EPredictably Irrational\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Dan Ariely described how The Economist uses a decoy effect to encourage readers to opt for a more expensive subscription to its magazine. In this case, the publishers offered a digital subscription for just $59, a print subscription for $125 and a third option of a combined print and online subscription for the same price – $125. The print-only choice here is clearly a decoy, since it offers less than the print and online package for the same price, but \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.economist.com\u002Fdemocracy-in-america\u002F2009\u002F05\u002F22\u002Fthe-importance-of-irrelevant-alternatives\"\u003EAriely found that its mere presence substantially increased uptake of the combined subscription (rather than the digital only). Indeed, when only two options were available, readers were 52% more likely to go for the much cheaper online-only option, compared to a choice involving a third decoy.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe decoy effect may also be rife in sales of high-end goods. A recent paper from the University of British Columbia has documented the influence of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpapers.ssrn.com\u002Fsol3\u002Fpapers.cfm?abstract_id=3271331\"\u003Ethe decoy effect on the diamond market\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, finding that the presence of slightly inferior, but equally expensive products can contribute more than 20% of the retailers’ profits.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07jjgqc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ENot everyone is equally susceptible to the decoy effect. In line with the research on other cognitive biases, the researchers have found that it depends on your \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.psytoolkit.org\u002Fsurvey-library\u002Fthinking-style-rei.html\"\u003Ethinking style\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Questionnaires, for instance, can determine whether some people are more prone to listening to their gut feelings, or whether they are more analytical and prefer deliberative reasoning. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11002-011-9157-y\"\u003E(It is the more intuitive thinkers who are most likely to be swayed by a decoy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EInterestingly, hormones can play a part in that: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6243091\u002F\"\u003Ehigher levels of testosterone, for instance, tend to make people more impulsive\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which means they are more susceptible to the decoy effect. (Even more evidence that the historic notion of biological men as the “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1080\u002F18902138.2014.908629\"\u003Erational sex\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” is completely unfounded). The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0749597806000033\"\u003Edecoy effect is also prevalent in group decision making\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – we can’t rely on others to debias our thinking.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBesides identifying who is more or less vulnerable, scientists have also explored the decoy effect in different circumstances, besides consumer decisions. Ariely, for instance, has found that it might be present in dating. According to his research, we tend to fancy someone more if they appear alongside a “decoy” who is similar looking, but slightly less attractive. That’s worth remembering if you are flicking through profiles on Tinder – your perceptions of someone’s attractiveness will depend on who came before or after.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The decoy effect might also influence our voting in elections, and recruitment decisions.","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpsyarxiv.com\u002Fyaevr\"\u003EThe decoy effect might also influence our voting in elections, and recruitment decisions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In these kinds of situations, the “decoy” may appear by accident rather than having been deliberately placed in the selection, but if you do come across two candidates who are similar, but one is slightly superior to the other, it will heighten your regard for them compared to the other competitors.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChang, who has conducted research on the decoy effect on hiring decisions, wonders if this may become a particular issue as algorithms begin to screen candidates and present options to recruiters. “It could be the case that you're presenting choices consisting of decoys, and so you're actually pushing people in favour of some options,” she says. It’s not just recruiters who may be affected: recent experiments suggest the decoy effect can also influence the potential employee’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1111\u002Fjoop.12207\"\u003Echoices of workplace benefits\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn a more positive note, scientists in the UK have also started to consider whether \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosone\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0213668\"\u003Ethe decoy effect might be used to encourage people to make healthier life choices\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Christian Von Wagner, a reader in behavioural science and health at University College London, for instance, recently explored people’s intentions to undergo a vital – but unpleasant – screening for colorectal cancer. He found that given the choice between arranging an appointment for the screening or not having the procedure at all, many people chose not to go. But if he also presented them with a third option – an appointment at a less convenient hospital with a longer waiting time, ie, the decoy – the uptake was greater.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07jjtfc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAs we saw with the other examples, this wasn’t because people chose the undesirable decoy – it simply made the screening at the original hospital appear less burdensome. In later work, Von Wagner also offered female participants the option to be examined by a doctor of the same gender (the preference) or a different gender (the decoy). Once again, the presence of the decoy increased people’s intentions to undergo the procedure. “It was very clear evidence for the presence of the decoy effect,” Von Wagner says – and proved to be more effective than other strategies, such as trying to appeal to people’s conformity by emphasising the number of other people who were also taking the test.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHere the decoy effect might save lives. But we could all apply its principles to hone our own persuasive skills in our personal and professional lives. If you are discussing travel plans with friends, for instance, and haven’t decided yet where to go, you might present two alternative arrangements at your city of choice, but one with a slightly more expensive hotel. Even if your friends might have otherwise selected a different location, the comparison might just prime them to opt for your preferred option.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJust don’t be a victim of it yourself. Whether you are buying headphones or deciding on a retirement plan, deliberately ask whether you are really choosing the option you need or want, with the attributes you were originally seeking, or whether you were distracted by a deliberately unappealing alternative. Like an expert sniper trained to avoid false targets, you may find that your judgement suddenly becomes a lot more incisive.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E--\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDavid Robson is a senior journalist at BBC.com. He is \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.twitter.com\u002Fd_a_robson\"\u003E@d_a_robson\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on Twitter. His book The Intelligence Trap examines our most common thinking errors.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend-8"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The trick that makes you overspend","headlineShort":"The trick that makes you overspend","image":["p07jjgjw"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"Employing the “decoy effect” could bend others to your will, improve your finances, and more.","summaryShort":"Identifying the “decoy effect” could improve your finances","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fpsychology"],"creationDateTime":"2019-08-01T19:53:47.006665Z","entity":"article","guid":"1999f2c5-5d51-47b9-9532-bcd93205909a","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-23T21:28:13.214981Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190801-the-trick-that-makes-you-overspend","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581682},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol","_id":"5f0f00eb654288bc03940767","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fhepzibah-anderson"],"bodyIntro":"Despite its ubiquity, the origins of the dollar sign remain far from clear, with competing theories touching on Bohemian coins, the Pillars of Hercules and harried merchants.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe dollar sign is among the world’s most potent symbols, emblematic of far more than US currency.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s shorthand for the American dream and all the consumerism and commodification that comes with it, signifying at once sunny aspiration, splashy greed and rampant capitalism. It’s been co-opted by pop culture (think Ke$ha when she first started out, or any number of fast-fashion t-shirts) and borrowed by artists (Salvador Dali fashioned a moustache from it, Andy Warhol rendered it in acrylic and silkscreen, creating an iconic body of work that itself now sells for $$$).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EYou might also like:\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know\"\u003EWhy airlines lengthen trips on purpose\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20190422-how-the-ikea-effect-subtly-influences-how-you-spend\"\u003EHow DIY furniture gets you spending more\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20171204-the-compelling-case-for-working-a-lot-less\"\u003EWhy we should work less\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s used widely in computer coding and it provides \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Femojipedia.org\u002Fmoney-mouth-face\u002F\"\u003Emoney-mouth emoji\u003C\u002Fa\u003E with its dazed eyes and lolling tongue. Yet despite its polyglot ubiquity, the origins of the dollar sign remain far from clear, with competing theories touching on Bohemian coins, the Pillars of Hercules and harried merchants.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07bj9sc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe dollar’s baby sibling, the all-but-worthless cent, is logically represented by a lowercase ‘c’ with a line through it, but there’s no ‘D’ in the dollar sign. If you had to find letters lurking in its form, you might spy an ‘S’ overlain with a squeezed, bend-less ‘U’ providing its vertical strokes. In fact, this accounts for one of the most popular misconceptions about the sign’s origins: it stands for United States, right?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat’s what writer and philosopher and famed libertarian \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aynrand.org\u002F\"\u003EAyn Rand\u003C\u002Fa\u003E believed. In a chapter in her 1957 novel, \u003Cem\u003EAtlas Shrugged\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, one character asks another about what the dollar sign stands for. The answer includes these lines: ‘for achievement, for success, for ability, for man's creative power—and precisely for these reasons, it is used as a brand of infamy. It stands for the initials of the United States’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt seems that Rand was wrong, not least because until 1776, the US was known as the United Colonies of America, and there are suggestions that the dollar sign was in use before the United States was born. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07bjbh1"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe British pound sign has a history going back 1,200 years, when it was first used by the Romans as an abbreviation for ‘libra pondo’, the empire’s basic unit of weight. As any amateur astrologer will tell you, libra means scales in Latin, and libra pondo literally translates as ‘a pound by weight’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn Anglo-Saxon England, the pound became a unit of currency, equivalent to – surprise, surprise – a pound of silver. Vast riches, in other words. But along with the Roman name, the Anglo-Saxons borrowed the sign, an ornate letter ‘L’. The crossbar came along later, indicating that it’s an abbreviation, and a cheque in London’s Bank of England Museum shows that the pound sign had assumed its current form by 1661, even if it took a little longer for it to become universally adopted.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Logically if unimaginatively, the coin was dubbed the joachimsthaler, which was then shortened to thaler, the word that proceeded to spread around the world","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe dollar, meanwhile, has a far shorter history. In 1520, the Kingdom of Bohemia began minting coins using silver from a mine in Joachimsthal – which roughly translates from German into English as Joachim’s valley. Logically if unimaginatively, the coin was dubbed the joachimsthaler, which was then shortened to thaler, the word that proceeded to spread around the world. It was the Dutch variation, the daler, that made its way across the Atlantic in the pockets and on the tongues of early immigrants, and today’s American-English pronunciation of the word dollar retains its echoes. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07bj2rc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EDespite the currency’s relative youthfulness, however, there is no straightforward answer to the question of where the dollar sign sprang from. Nobody seems to have sat down to design it, and its form still fluctuates – sometimes it has two lines through it, increasingly just the one. Not that there aren’t plenty of competing hypotheses. For instance, circling back to the idea that there’s a U and an S concealed within its form, it’s been suggested that they stand for ‘units of silver’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the most esoteric origin stories links it back to the Bohemian thaler, which featured a serpent on a Christian cross. That itself was an allusion to the story of Moses winding a bronze snake around a pole in order to cure people who’d been bitten. The dollar, so it’s said, derived from that sign.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYet another version centres on the Pillars of Hercules, a phrase conjured up by the Ancient Greeks to describe the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The pillars feature in Spain’s national coat of arms and, during the 18th and 19th Centuries, appeared on the Spanish dollar, which was otherwise known as the piece of eight, or peso. The pillars have banners twined around them in an S-shape and it doesn’t take much squinting to see a resemblance to the dollar sign.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07bj9vg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe most widely accepted theory does in fact involve Spanish coinage, and it goes like this: in the colonies, trade between Spanish Americans and English Americans was lively, and the peso, or peso de ocho reales, was legal tender in the US until 1857. It was often shortened, so historians tell us, to the initial ‘P’ with an ‘S’ hovering beside it in superscript. Gradually, thanks to the scrawl of time-pressed merchants and scribes, that ‘P’ merged with the ‘S’ and lost its curve, leaving the vertical stroke like a stake down the centre of the ‘S’. A Spanish dollar was more or less worth an American dollar, so it’s easy to see how the sign might have transferred.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs with everything American at the moment, there’s a partisan dimension to the debate about the dollar sign’s ancestry: for duelling political reasons, one faction favours the idea that it’s homegrown, another that it was imported.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"There’s a partisan dimension to the debate about the dollar sign’s ancestry: for duelling political reasons, one faction favours the idea that it’s homegrown, another that it was imported","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt’s certainly ironic – though hardly surprising – that a symbol so intrinsic to America’s national character might have its roots in another country altogether. But regardless of how it came to be, it is certainly an American invention: he may not have been its sole creator, but the correspondence of Irish-born Oliver Pollock, a wealthy trader and early supporter of the American Revolution, has led him to be often cited by historians as its originator.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07bjbdq"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnd as for the first printed dollar sign, that was made on a Philadelphia printing press in the 1790s and was the work of a staunch American patriot – or at least a vehemently anti-English Scotsman – named Archibald Binny, who’s today remembered as the creator of the Monticello typeface.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOf course, if you really want to tumble down a rabbit hole of mysterious symbolism, try looking into the origins of the design of the American dollar bill. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.urbandictionary.com\u002Fdefine.php?term=Eye%20of%20Providence\"\u003EEye of Providence\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, anybody?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol-14"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-05-30T00:01:02Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The curious origins of the dollar symbol","headlineShort":"The curious origins of the dollar sign","image":["p07bj2rc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f0f018f654288bc0399932d"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"Despite its ubiquity, the origins of the dollar sign remain far from clear, with competing theories touching on Bohemian coins, the Pillars of Hercules and harried merchants.","summaryShort":"Why this potent symbol is emblematic of far more than money","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fmoney"],"creationDateTime":"2019-05-28T20:42:39.336013Z","entity":"article","guid":"c5677b7d-135b-4cc7-8bb3-0d515395de2e","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-20T20:06:13.223985Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190528-the-curious-origin-of-the-symbol","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581684},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze","_id":"5f0f00eb654288bc0394061a","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmargaret-eby"],"bodyIntro":"A pub without alcohol is something of an oxymoron – but they’re growing in popularity. Is it time to sober up?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen you walk into Getaway, a stylish bar off a main avenue in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, you could be in any number of Instagram-friendly cocktail spots in New York. The walls are tasteful green and blue, the space feels cosy enough that you could easily join a neighbouring conversation, and the menu features a list of $13 (£10) cocktails with ingredients like tobacco syrup, lingonberry and jalapeno puree, with a friendly note from the owners that laptops are not allowed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut there is a crucial difference between Getaway and other Brooklyn bars: Getaway is totally alcohol-free.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA bar without booze sounds like an oxymoron, like an aquarium without fish or a bakery that doesn’t serve bread. But in cities like New York and London, where bars often function as second living rooms for apartment dwellers with little space, an alcohol-free nightlife option can appeal to people who, for whatever reason, would prefer not to drink.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESam Thonis, who co-owns the bar with Regina Dellea, got the idea for Getaway three years ago, when he and his brother, who doesn’t drink, were trying to find a place to go out together at night. “There weren’t many nightlife options in New York that didn’t revolve around alcohol or weren’t trying to push that on you in some way,” Thonis says. “The more I talked to people, some of whom are sober and some of whom aren’t, the more I felt that people wanted that kind of space.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn response, Thonis and Dellea made their bar a studiously 0% alcohol space, meaning that not even non-alcoholic beers that have a trace amount of alcohol are allowed on the menu. In the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fregulatory-information\u002Fsearch-fda-guidance-documents\u002Fcpg-sec-510400-dealcoholized-wine-and-malt-beverages-labeling\"\u003Ethe term ‘non-alcoholic’ may be applied to beverages\u003C\u002Fa\u003E with 0.5% alcohol by volume or less, which means many popular non-alcoholic beers aren’t actually alcohol-free.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It’s 0% as much as humanly possible, so if you’re sober and it’s an issue for you, or you don’t even want the smell of alcohol around you, you’ll be safe,” Thonis says. But it still looks and feels like a bar - it only opens in the evenings, the lights are low and no one appears to be working on their screenplay.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It’s 0% as much as humanly possible, so if you’re sober and it’s an issue for you, or you don’t even want the smell of alcohol around you, you’ll be safe","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EGetaway, which opened in April, is part of a growing global wave of nightspots that specifically cater to people who are avoiding alcohol, but still want to go out and socialise in spaces that have traditionally been dominated by drinking. There’s Vena’s Fizz House in Portland, Maine and The Other Side in Crystal Lake, a suburb of Illinois. In London, alcohol-free Redemption bar now has three locations, as well as a menu of vegan, sugar-free, wheat-free food. In January, The Virgin Mary, an alcohol-free pub, opened in Dublin.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p078trnq"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETemperance zones\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlcohol-free bars aren’t a new concept. In the late 19th Century, a number of alcohol-free bars known as temperance bars were established in the UK on the heels of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTemperance_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom\"\u003Etemperance movement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which advocated abstinence. Fitzpatrick’s Temperance Bar, founded in 1890 in Rawtenstall, north of Manchester, is still slinging root beer and glasses of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDandelion_and_burdock\"\u003Edandelion and burdock\u003C\u002Fa\u003E today.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut what’s different about today’s wave of alcohol-free bars is that they aren’t necessarily rooted in the idea of total abstinence. At Getaway, for example, the audience isn’t just non-drinkers but anyone who wants a fun bar environment without the threat of a hangover the next day. “Nothing about our space says you should be sober, or you shouldn’t go around the corner to another bar and do a tequila shot after hanging out here,” Thonis said. “It’s not exclusively for the non-drinker.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn that way, Getaway touches on a movement that has urban millennials reconsidering the place of alcohol in their lives. Lorelei Bandrovschi , 32, falls into that category. Last year, she began organising alcohol-free pop-up events under the name \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fimbibemagazine.com\u002Flisten-bar\u002F\"\u003EListen Bar \u003C\u002Fa\u003Efor people who wanted to cut loose without alcohol playing a part. She used to work as a consultant for brands like YouTube and the Museum of Modern Art in New York, but working on Listen Bar is her full-time occupation now.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It’s really liberating to create space for yourself and your life where a rowdy party vibe doesn’t mean a hangover and blurry memories","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Bars are a space of relaxation, and we’ve been made to believe that alcohol has to be a part of that,” Bandrovschi says. “It’s really liberating to create space for yourself and your life where a rowdy party vibe doesn’t mean a hangover and blurry memories.” The word ‘rowdy’ is a key part of what Bandrovschi is going for with these events. “There’ve been moments at our first Williamsburg pop-ups where people are dancing on tables and karaoke-ing their hearts out,” she says. “Being good to yourself doesn’t mean only being zen and subdued.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBandrovschi isn’t sober herself, but after taking a month off drinking she noted a lack of options for people who wanted to go out with their friends without being stuck ordering a soda while everyone else is getting thoughtfully curated mixed drinks. “I think that bar culture, from the menu to the staff to the patrons, tends to make not drinking sort of an outsiders’ hobby,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I think that bar culture, from the menu to the staff to the patrons, tends to make not drinking sort of an outsiders’ hobby","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I refer to my personal philosophy as drink optional. In order to get to a drink optional culture as opposed to the current drink-by-default culture, we have to celebrate the choice of not drinking. It should have as much space as drinking, spaces that are cool and fun and desirable spaces to go. I wanted to create something that was missing from culture, and I really wanted to change culture.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p078tfg6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESobering up?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis “drink optional” attitude may not yet be the default, but there are indicators that young people aren’t drinking as much as they used to. In 2016, among adults over the age of 16 polled by the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ons.gov.uk\u002Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity\u002Fhealthandsocialcare\u002Fdrugusealcoholandsmoking\u002Fbulletins\u002Fopinionsandlifestylesurveyadultdrinkinghabitsingreatbritain\u002F2005to2016#adult-drinking-habits-in-great-britain-2005-to-2016\"\u003EBritish Office of Nationals Statistics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, just 56.9% had had a drink in the week before, the lowest percentage on record since the office began asking the question in 2005. In February, t\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.forbes.com\u002Fsites\u002Fthomaspellechia\u002F2019\u002F02\u002F20\u002Flowno-alcohol-beverages-are-in-the-worldwide-future-says-latest-report\u002F#2ad85aa71c85\"\u003Ehe International Wine and Spirits Record claimed \u003C\u002Fa\u003Ethat 52% of American adults they surveyed were currently trying to or had previously tried to reduce their alcohol intake.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theatlantic.com\u002Fhealth\u002Farchive\u002F2019\u002F04\u002Fmillennials-sober-sick-of-drinking\u002F586186\u002F\"\u003Eseries of articles on recent trends \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eindicates that millennials are reconsidering when and how they drink.  \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bloomberg.com\u002Fnews\u002Ffeatures\u002F2019-03-01\u002Fare-beer-sales-declining-carbs-push-drinkers-to-wine-tequila\"\u003EBeer sales are in decline\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the US and, though that may mean that more health-conscious consumers are just turning towards higher-octane spirits, the alcohol industry has responded to the slump by introducing more low- and no-alcohol options, like Heineken’s 0.0 non-alcoholic beer that launched in 2017 or Gordon’s ultra-low-alcohol canned gin and tonic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENon-alcoholic drinks are poised to be big business, even in spaces that aren’t alcohol-free. Increasingly, high-end restaurants are including a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.latimes.com\u002Ffood\u002Fdailydish\u002Fla-dd-trois-mec-nonalcoholic-beverage-pairing-20140404-story.html\"\u003Enon-alcoholic pairing \u003C\u002Fa\u003Efor their tasting menus as well as a traditional wine or cocktail pairing. And mixologists and beverage directors are taking the trends as an opportunity to create interesting drinks without the traditional ballast of spirits.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EChelsea Carrier, the beverage director of o ya, Covina and The Roof Top in New York, worked with her team to create a non-alcoholic pairing for the food at o ya, a Japanese restaurant. “So many guests were asking for NA options, and they didn’t want to just drink water,” Carrier says. Now, she estimates NA drinks are about 20% of the drinks ordered at the restaurant and that the thoughtfulness of the non-alcoholic cocktails makes customers who aren’t drinking alcohol feel included. “You can be sitting next to someone drinking a couple-of-thousand-dollar bottle of wine and be drinking a non-alcoholic cocktail and belong just as much,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p078tfgs"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDrink the bar dry\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt Existing Conditions, a bar in New York’s Greenwich Village which is known for its wildly inventive cocktails, like a take on an Old-Fashioned that includes waffle-infused bourbon and maple syrup, non-alcoholic cocktails are prominent on the menu and, according to beverage director Bobby Murphy, are some of the most expensive items they make, both in terms of ingredients and labour.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne drink, the Stingless, requires Melipona honey, made by tiny bees in Mexico that can cost $100 for a kilo. Another non-alcoholic drink is built around clarified Comice pear juice, an ingredient that meant the Existing Conditions team had to purchase and juice 980 pounds of in-season pears - each drink has about six pears in it.  “Just serving a soda isn’t enough anymore,” Murphy says. “When we make the non-alcoholic drinks, we want them to be something you can’t get anywhere else.” He estimates that 20-30% of the total drinks they sell at Existing Conditions are non-alcoholic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany of the wave of sober bars are new, and it remains to be seen whether they will continue to proliferate and thrive. In Auckland in 2015, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nzherald.co.nz\u002Flifestyle\u002Fnews\u002Farticle.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=11474298\"\u003Ean alcohol-free bar \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eshut down after just five weeks. But there’s no doubt that interest in non-alcoholic adult beverages is increasing across the beverage industry, and that’s unlikely to stop soon.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs for Getaway, co-owners Sam Thonis and Regina Dellea look at it as an option in a city full of specific venues catering to specific interests. Business has been steady in the last month. “Every day I worry that no one’s going to come in, and 20 minutes later it’s bustling,” Dellea says. Their customers have included curious locals, pregnant women and the studiously sober, but Dellea and Thonis hope that the appeal of the bar is wide. “It \u003Cem\u003Ecan \u003C\u002Fem\u003Ebe for everyone, but it doesn’t have to be,” Thonis says. “There are a million options. If people don’t like us that’s fine. They’re allowed. For the people who do want to be here, we’re here.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze-12"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-05-13T00:06:13Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The rise of the sober bar","headlineShort":"The rise of the sober bar","image":["p078tqq0"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f0f018f654288bc0399932d"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"A pub without alcohol is something of an oxymoron – but here's why they’re growing in popularity.","summaryShort":"Like an 'aquarium without fish' – why are pubs minus booze getting more popular?","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fhealth"],"creationDateTime":"2019-05-13T01:38:14.370434Z","entity":"article","guid":"ce17b513-9c57-433b-be25-a5c6bcd5c536","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-23T21:34:20.425944Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190510-can-you-have-any-fun-at-a-bar-with-no-booze","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581684},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays","_id":"5f0f00ea654288bc03940332","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fcelina-ribeiro"],"bodyIntro":"Would you be more likely to stick with a company that gave you a day off in the middle of the week, every week?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn Wednesdays, while most of her friends are at work, Tiffany Schrauwen is on the tennis court, practising her backhand. The Melbourne project manager has a lesson all to herself at 09:00, and it can’t be bad for her game.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESchrauwen isn’t slacking off. For nearly a year, digital marketing agency Versa – where she works – has shut down on Wednesdays, giving staff a four-day week at five days’ pay.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYou might also like:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20171204-the-compelling-case-for-working-a-lot-less\"\u003EWhy we should work less\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20180924-are-you-an-insecure-overachiever\"\u003EAre you an insecure overachiever?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20180903-to-have-sitzfleisch---its-a-professional-compliment\"\u003EHow 'sitting meat' helps Germans work\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEmployees at the company do a standard-length day on Mondays and Tuesdays, then return for another two on Thursday and Friday. No meetings are scheduled for Wednesdays – however, if a client has urgent work that needs doing, workers will pick up the phone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen Schrauwen first was told of the plan, she was excited, then wary – she was worried about how it would work; as project manager, she was the main contact for both staff and clients, so she stood to bear the brunt of any missed deadlines, stress or broken lines of communication.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut Versa staff reorganised their work patterns to become more efficient. She’ll arrange to have certain tasks completed by the midweek break, meetings are more focused and idle chatter less appealing. Every two weeks the company also reviews what has worked and what hasn’t.  “Everyone wants it to work because we love having the flexibility,” says Schrauwen. “If I want to keep that Wednesday off, I prep my week better.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p077rgrc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMaking it work\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe policy was implemented in July last year. Since then, revenue at the Australian company has increased by 46%, and profits nearly tripled, says its CEO and founder Kath Blackham. Blackham is reluctant to credit the four day week with the entirety of the performance. “We win work because we’re known for having great work,” she says, but adds the fact the agency has very low turnover and consistent teams working on briefs can be hugely appealing for potential business partners.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is vindication for Blackham, who – after a decade of “weird and wonderful goes at flexibility” – had to convince her leadership team to trial the Wednesday-less week and vow to return to five days if it failed. She founded the company with a toddler and baby in tow, determined to head a high-performing enterprise that respected the need for flexibility.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“What I set out to prove was that in one of the most unlikely industries – a service-based industry known for young people working super long hours – it can work if you come up with something innovative,” says Blackham.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA mid-week break lets staff go to the gym, get on top of house work, look after young children, schedule appointments, work on their start-up or just watch Netflix. Sometimes, they’ll catch up on work. Sick days are down, staff satisfaction is up, says Blackham. “You get that Monday feeling a couple of times a week.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p077rkcx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy Wednesdays?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat Monday feeling of productivity was critical to Blackham’s decision to break the week into two “mini-weeks”, rather than creating a long weekend, which she feared may encourage her predominantly young staff to “have an even bigger weekend”. She’d also found that letting staff choose their own days off meant it was often unclear to other employees or clients when that staff member was available, and that hit productivity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EProfessor Jarrod Haar isn’t surprised that dropping Wednesday has proven so successful for Versa. As professor of human resource management at Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand, as part of his own research Haar has interviewed employees on rotating four-day weeks, and found they most enjoyed the Wednesdays off.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The Wednesday break means you return to Thursday fresh, and this is when people feel most productive","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor employers, shutting down mid-week gives “more bang for your buck”. he says. “The Wednesday break means you return to Thursday fresh, and this is when people feel most productive.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHaar has tracked New Zealand estate management company Perpetual Guardian, which \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2018\u002F07\u002F19\u002Fworld\u002Fasia\u002Ffour-day-workweek-new-zealand.html\"\u003Emade headlines last year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E when it trialled a four-day week without any loss in productivity. Sick days were down, staff wellbeing was up, but the company did lose some staff who proved incompatible with flexible, condensed working.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘A cause whose time has come’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor Andrew Barnes, CEO and owner of Perpetual Guardian, the four-day week is “a cause whose time has come”. While Versa’s Blackham was motivated by a desire to make workplaces more flexible and balanced, Barnes was prompted by a study that found workers were only productive for around two and a half hours a day. There had to be a better way to organise work time, he thought.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe five-day week is not an ancient phenomenon. Car manufacturer Henry Ford was pioneering in giving workers the weekend off in 1926, theorising it would make them more productive. Witnessing the march of technology, economist John Maynard Keynes \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbusiness\u002F2008\u002Fsep\u002F01\u002Feconomics\"\u003Epredicted in 1930\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that eventually the working week would be reduced to 15 hours.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENearly 100 years on, organisations around the world are again revisiting how work weeks are structured. Great Britain and Ireland have shown particular interest in the four-day week, with the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tuc.org.uk\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002FFutureofWorkReport1.pdf\"\u003ETrades Union Congress\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the UK, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.irishmirror.ie\u002Fnews\u002Firish-news\u002Fpolitics\u002Flabour-senator-calls-irish-businesses-14164057\"\u003EForsa in Ireland\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the Scottish National Party and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fpolitics\u002F2018\u002Fnov\u002F09\u002Fjohn-mcdonnell-shapes-labour-case-for-four-day-week\"\u003EBritish Labour Party\u003C\u002Fa\u003E all considering the concept, at varying levels. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.equaltimes.org\u002Fswedish-researchers-examined?lang=en#.XMbINOgzbIV%20-\"\u003ESwedish regions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E have also played with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-38843341\"\u003Eoffering shorter days or weeks, to mixed results\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and even in notoriously long-working US, fast food chain Shake Shack this March \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bloomberg.com\u002Fnews\u002Farticles\u002F2019-03-14\u002Fshake-shack-tests-four-day-work-week-amid-tight-u-s-job-market\"\u003Eannounced it was trialling a four-day week\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in response to a tight labour market.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, not all reduced hour trials have proven unmitigated successes. An experiment with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-38843341\"\u003Esix-hour days at state-run nursing homes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in Gothenburg, Sweden, found that while sick day and productivity rates improved, staff costs rose considerably as more people needed to be hired to fill in the gaps.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Some start-ups which have trialled the four day week in the US have had to return to five day working after finding the day off made the company less competitive and staff more stressed","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESome \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fbusiness\u002F2019\u002F01\u002F18\u002Fit-isnt-nirvana-how-four-founders-managed-four-day-work-week\u002F?noredirect=on&utm_term=.e9ada4c77cff\"\u003Estart-ups which have trialled\u003C\u002Fa\u003E the four day week in the US have had to return to five day working after finding the day off made the company less competitive and staff more stressed. Flexibility is important; when speaking to BBC Capital, Versa’s Blackham and Schrauwen had both worked over the Easter long weekend on urgent client projects.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBoth Blackham and Barnes say that other business leaders have supported their four-day weeks, but insisted that it would not work in their own companies. Barnes says allowing staff to come up with their own solutions, and holding them to productivity targets is critical to its success.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p077sy4s"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIt’s not just about work\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBarnes says his organisation is now mentoring around 50 companies on how to implement a four-day week.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe New Zealand-based CEO says changes to the way we structure full time work can address a host of social challenges. “One in five of our workforce is suffering mental stress at any given time. You address that issue, what does that do to health budgets? If you have an ability for parents to spend more time with their kids, what does that do to educational outcomes? If you’re not having cars backed up nose-to-tail in peak hour, what does that do for the environment?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EProfessor Rae Cooper, a gender and employment relations academic at the University of Sydney, says the four-day week goes to address another key issue: the loss of highly-skilled women from the workforce. “The average age of the first birth in Australia is now in the early 30s. That’s when we hit our straps in terms of career development, earnings jumping up and really becoming very productive employees. That’s really when we’re losing women [from the workforce] because we’re not giving them choices to be both mothers and productive workers,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd this is something Versa’s Blackham is desperate to change. She wants to ensure her daughter can pursue both career and family life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“No one should have to fight for flexibility,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays-10"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-04-30T00:03:02Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The Australian company that banned work on Wednesdays","headlineShort":"The company that banned Wednesdays","image":["p077rfkp"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f0f018f654288bc0399932d"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"Does downing tools one day a week make work better?","summaryShort":"Is this the future of work?","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fproductivity","tag\u002Fworkplace"],"creationDateTime":"2019-04-29T20:12:27.991201Z","entity":"article","guid":"2bc54559-934d-4e82-a3cf-df18a4b86cf3","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-23T21:39:03.788995Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190429-the-australian-company-that-banned-work-on-wednesdays","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581685},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know","_id":"5f0f00ea654288bc0393ff7b","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fkathryn-b-creedy"],"bodyIntro":"Ever wondered why flight times seem to be getting longer? It’s called \"padding\", a phenomenon that helps airlines arrive on time – but at a cost.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the 1960s it took five hours to fly from New York to Los Angeles, and just 45 minutes to hop from New York to Washington, DC. Today, these same flights now take six-plus hours and 75 minutes respectively, although the airports haven’t moved further apart.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s called “schedule creep”, or padding. And it’s a secret the airlines don’t want you to know about, especially given the spillover effects for the environment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPadding is the extra time airlines allow themselves to fly from A to B. Because these flights were consistently late, airlines have now baked delays experienced for decades into their schedules instead of improving operations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EYou might also like:\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20180219-what-dress-codes-really-mean-for-cabin-crew\"\u003EWhat dress codes mean for cabin crew \u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate\"\u003ESkiplagging: The travel hack airlines hate\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20171204-the-compelling-case-for-working-a-lot-less\"\u003EWhy we should work a lot less\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt might seem innocuous enough to the passenger – after all, what it can mean is that even though you take off late, you’re pleasantly surprised to arrive on time at your destination.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, this global trend poses multiple problems: not only does your journey take longer but creating the illusion of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flightstats.com\u002Fv2\u002Fglobal-cancellations-and-delays\"\u003Epunctuality\u003C\u002Fa\u003E means there’s no pressure on airlines to become more efficient, meaning congestion and carbon emissions will keep rising.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“On average, over 30% of all flights arrive more than 15 minutes late every day despite padding,” says Captain Michael Baiada, president of aviation consultancy ATH Group citing the US Department of Transportation’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.transportation.gov\u002Fsites\u002Fdot.gov\u002Ffiles\u002Fdocs\u002Fresources\u002Findividuals\u002Faviation-consumer-protection\u002F333601\u002Ffebruary2019atcr.pdf\"\u003EAir Travel Consumer Report\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The figure used to be 40% but padding – not operational improvements – boosted on-time arrival rates. “By padding, airlines are gaming the system to fool you.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"By padding, airlines are gaming the system to fool you - Michael Baiada","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHe says if instead airlines tackled operational issues, customers would directly benefit. “Padding drives higher costs in fuel burn, noise and CO2 which means if airline efficiency goes up, costs go down, benefitting both the environment and fares.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOf course, airlines know customers value punctuality. Delta Air Lines for one, goes to great lengths to ensure its flights are on time more often, according to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.transportation.gov\u002Fsites\u002Fdot.gov\u002Ffiles\u002Fdocs\u002Fresources\u002Findividuals\u002Faviation-consumer-protection\u002F333601\u002Ffebruary2019atcr.pdf\"\u003EUS Department of Transportation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Delta attributes this to a $2bn investment in new aircraft, cabins and airport facilities, but continually emphasises “on-time-performance” is a driver of higher fares.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo, if arriving on time pays off for customers and airlines, why don’t the airlines work on efficiency instead of lengthening flight times?  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p075n0d6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow late is late? \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ultimate goal is ‘A0’, or arrival at the gate exactly on time. If a flight is early or late, it can disrupt several other things – like gate availability and airport capacity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere’s even a language for describing this punctuality. So, any delay beyond A0 adds the number of minutes the aircraft arrived late at the gate – A15, for an aircraft that’s 15 minutes late. But anything between A0 and A14 is not considered late by the US Department of Transportation. The DoT created this global standard for measuring “on time” before the advent of modern data and communications that, today, make A0 achievable.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis means that airlines still have a window to hit to be ‘on time’, rather than a very specific slot – which can lead to congestion. Air traffic control must make allowances for this, because too many planes arriving around the same time overwhelms airports. So air traffic control stretches out aircraft approaches, slowing arrival rates.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo be fair, global airlines have \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fairlines.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F02\u002FYoung-Testimony.pdf\"\u003Einvested billions of dollars\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in technologies to enable more efficient flight paths, according to industry body Airlines for America. But this has not moved the needle on delays, which are stubbornly stuck at 30%.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA lot of different things can cause a delay but Baiada believes 80% of the factors involved – like schedule, airport arrival flow queueing, aircraft availability, gate availability, maintenance and crew legality – are within the airlines’ control. But to date they have left it to air traffic control to remedy once planes are in the air.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Once an aircraft is off the gate, the airlines forget about it until it arrives at the next airport,” he explains. Baiada says there is a better way – they could be tracking their aircraft and adjusting operations throughout the flight, managing aircraft sequencing, choosing flight speeds and paths leaving air traffic control to concentrate on separation and safe operation of the airspace.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPart of the problem is schedules are designed by airlines for perfect conditions, Tom Hendricks, a retired airline executive, told BBC Worklife. “But on any given day you might have weather, air traffic control or company network disruptions and the system must adjust.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut Hendricks believes on most days airlines could be doing more to ensure the flow of planes in to the airport is as efficient as possible as this is integral to their economic success.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother option could be to reduce the number of flights – but airline flight schedules are designed to meet buyer demand. So, if there were fewer flights, fares would increase.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p075n5py"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBetter late than never\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo are there any solutions on the horizon? One of the biggest assumptions is that modernising air traffic control will solve the problem. Billions of dollars in investment have in fact halved air traffic control-caused delays since 2007 while airline-caused delays have soared, according to a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.chicagotribune.com\u002Fbusiness\u002Fct-flight-delays-airlines-20160823-story.html\"\u003E2016 Bloomberg report. \u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBaiada has come up with a Business Based Flow Management (BBFM) system – which involves airlines working with air traffic control to optimise efficiency in the air. Tests in 2012 by four industry and academic bodies including the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) validated BBFM at five airports. Overall it reduced delays, fuel burn, noise, CO2 emissions and air traffic control congestion, and rapidly increased capacity. Delta saved $74m in fuel alone, saving 635m pounds of C02.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"This is complicated by the fact they are investing heavily in the technology required by global air traffic control modernisation now underway - Tom Hendricks","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWith airlines under pressure to cut costs, increase profits and reduce their environmental impact, why aren’t they already working with air traffic control on this?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Airlines have invested in new technology before with mixed results,” Hendricks says. “They are now very careful [about] what they do invest in. This is complicated by the fact they are investing heavily in the technology required by global air traffic control modernisation now underway.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHendricks, who was working at Delta when it was testing Baiada’s technology, was a reluctant convert to the system. It took some analysis from university The Georgia Institute of Technology to counter his considerable scepticism. Even so, he says the technology has never been fully integrated and tested within the whole air traffic control system. While he is convinced there is great potential, he thinks BBFM needs that testing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESo what does all this mean for passengers? With airlines gaming the system, as it stands, flight times will likely increase as more and more planes take to the skies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Stalling tactics like padding flight times have become common practice for airlines,\" says passenger rights activist Paloma Salmeron, spokesperson for AirHelp. She claims this tactic not only enables airlines to claim they have improved on-time (OT) flight performance, but it also makes it easier to swerve the “magical three-hour limit” on delays – the threshold that qualifies passengers to file compensation claims at least under European Union passenger rights’ law.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Many airlines will try to make it tricky for passengers to get an eligible claim accepted and the tactic of extending flight times is yet another way to decrease a passenger’s chance of filing a claim and getting financially compensated for the hassle they have gone through.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet this padding hasn’t solved aviation system woes that plague consumers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There is a lot airlines can do to improve efficiency and Baiada’s solution is one of them,” says airline consultant Bob Mann. “When it comes to delays and congestion, airlines are still complaining it’s an air traffic control problem when it is not. My view is they should stop complaining and do something about it, benefiting customers, employees, investors and the communities they serve.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know-10"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-04-09T00:01:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why airlines make flights longer on purpose","headlineShort":"Why airlines lengthen trips on purpose","image":["p075n08y"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f0f018f654288bc0399932d"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p075n075"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"Ever wondered why flight times seem to be getting longer? It’s called \"padding\", a phenomenon that helps airlines arrive on time – but at a cost.","summaryShort":"Flights are taking longer and longer. There's a reason behind it","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fsmart-travel"],"creationDateTime":"2019-04-08T20:25:31.105999Z","entity":"article","guid":"c145fecd-ffe1-4255-b9b4-6ab7771bb081","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-20T20:00:53.496417Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190405-the-secret-about-delays-airlines-dont-want-you-to-know","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581685},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life","_id":"5f0f00e9654288bc0393fe58","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Famanda-ruggeri"],"bodyIntro":"","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt university, when I told people I was studying for a history degree, the response was almost always the same: “You want to be a teacher?”. No, a journalist. “Oh. But you’re not majoring in communications?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the days when a university education was the purview of a privileged few, perhaps there wasn’t the assumption that a degree had to be a springboard directly into a career. Those days are long gone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EToday, a degree is all but a necessity for the job market, one that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnces.ed.gov\u002Fprograms\u002Fcoe\u002Findicator_cbc.asp\"\u003Emore than halves your chances of being unemployed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Still, that alone is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fjust-graduating-from-university-is-no-longer-enough-to-get-a-job-36906\"\u003Eno guarantee of a job\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – and yet we’re paying more and more for one. In the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftrends.collegeboard.org\u002Fcollege-pricing\u002Ffigures-tables\u002Faverage-published-undergraduate-charges-sector-2018-19\"\u003Eroom, board and tuition at a private university costs an average of $48,510 a year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; in the UK, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Feducation-46074099\"\u003Etuition fees alone are £9,250 ($12,000) per year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for home students; in Singapore, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.bankbazaar.sg\u002Faverage-cost-education-singapore\u002F\"\u003Efour years at a private university can cost up to SGD$69,336\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (US$51,000).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELearning for the sake of learning is a beautiful thing. But given those costs, it’s no wonder that most of us need our degrees to pay off in a more concrete way. Broadly, they already do: in the US, for example, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bls.gov\u002Fcareeroutlook\u002F2018\u002Fdata-on-display\u002Feducation-pays.htm\"\u003Ea bachelor’s degree holder earns $461 more each week\u003C\u002Fa\u003E than someone who never attended a university.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EYou might also like:\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E• \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20190219-how-to-learn-a-language-in-an-hour-a-day\"\u003EThe faster way to learn a new language\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E• \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20190220-how-can-a-distracted-generation-learn-anything\"\u003EHow to teach a distracted generation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E• \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20181114-the-korean-csat-is-the-exam-that-stops-a-nation\"\u003EThe exam that brings a whole country to a standstill\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut most of us want to maximise that investment – and that can lead to a plug-and-play type of approach to higher education. Want to be a journalist? Study journalism, we’re told. A lawyer? Pursue pre-law. Not totally sure? Go into Stem (science, technology, engineering and maths) – that way, you can become an engineer or IT specialist. And no matter what you do, forget the liberal arts – non-vocational degrees that include natural and social sciences, mathematics and the humanities, such as history, philosophy and languages.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07559vh"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis has been echoed by statements and policies around the world. In the US, politicians from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.insidehighered.com\u002Fquicktakes\u002F2015\u002F11\u002F11\u002Fgop-debate-rubio-again-criticizes-philosophy\"\u003ESenator Marco Rubio\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to former \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.insidehighered.com\u002Fnews\u002F2014\u002F01\u002F31\u002Fobama-becomes-latest-politician-criticize-liberal-arts-discipline\"\u003EPresident Barack Obama\u003C\u002Fa\u003E have made the humanities a punch line. (Obama later apologised). In China, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.timeshighereducation.com\u002Fnews\u002Fchina-targets-world-class-status-42-universities\"\u003Ethe government has unveiled plans\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to turn 42 universities into “world class” institutions of science and technology. In the UK, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fuk-45171371\"\u003Egovernment focus on Stem has led to a nearly 20% drop in students taking A-levels in English\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and a 15% decline in the arts.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut there’s a problem with this approach. And it’s not just that we’re losing out on crucial ways to understand and improve both the world and ourselves – including enhancing personal wellbeing, sparking innovation and helping create tolerance, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F304868586_The_Value_of_the_Humanities\"\u003Eamong other values\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt’s also that our assumptions about the market value of certain degrees – and the “worthlessness” of others – might be off. At best, that could be making some students unnecessarily stressed. At worst? Pushing people onto paths that set them up for less fulfilling lives. It also perpetuates the stereotype of liberal arts graduates, in particular, as an elite caste – something that can discourage underprivileged students, and anyone else who needs an immediate return on their university investment, from pursuing potentially rewarding disciplines. (Though, of course, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Faeon.co\u002Fideas\u002Fthe-lack-of-diversity-in-philosophy-is-blocking-its-progress\"\u003Ethis is hardly the only diversity problem\u003C\u002Fa\u003E such disciplines have).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESoft skills, critical thinking\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorge Anders is convinced we have the humanities in particular all wrong. When he was a technology reporter for Forbes from 2012 to 2016, he says Silicon Valley “was consumed with this idea that there was no education but Stem education”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut when he talked to hiring managers at the biggest tech companies, he found a different reality. “Uber was picking up psychology majors to deal with unhappy riders and drivers. Opentable was hiring English majors to bring data to restauranteurs to get them excited about what data could do for their restaurants,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“I realised that the ability to communicate and get along with people, and understand what’s on other people’s minds, and do full-strength critical thinking – all of these things were valued and appreciated by everyone as important job skills, except the media.” This realisation led him to write his appropriately-titled book \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.georgeandersbooks.com\u002F\"\u003EYou Can Do Anything: The Surprising Power of a “Useless” Liberal Arts Education\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07559lt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETake a look at the skills employers say they’re after. LinkedIn’s research on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flearning.linkedin.com\u002Fblog\u002Ftop-skills\u002Fthe-skills-companies-need-most-in-2019--and-how-to-learn-them\"\u003Ethe most sought-after job skills by employers for 2019\u003C\u002Fa\u003E found that the three most-wanted “soft skills” were creativity, persuasion and collaboration, while one of the five top “hard skills” was people management. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fuploads\u002Fsystem\u002Fuploads\u002Fattachment_data\u002Ffile\u002F704104\u002FEmployer_Skills_Survey_2015_UK_Results-Amended-2018.pdf\"\u003EA full 56% of UK employers surveyed said their staff lacked essential teamwork skills\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and 46% thought it was a problem that their employees struggled with handling feelings, whether theirs or others’. It’s not just UK employers: one 2017 study found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nber.org\u002Fdigest\u002Fnov15\u002Fw21473.html\"\u003Ethe fastest-growing jobs in the US in the last 30 years have almost all specifically required a high level of social skills\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOr take it directly from two top executives at tech giant Microsoft who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.businessinsider.com\u002Fmicrosoft-president-says-tech-needs-liberal-arts-majors-2018-1\"\u003Ewrote recently\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"As computers behave more like humans, the social sciences and humanities will become even more important. Languages, art, history, economics, ethics, philosophy, psychology and human development courses can teach critical, philosophical and ethics-based skills that will be instrumental in the development and management of AI solutions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOf course, it goes without saying that you can be an excellent communicator and critical thinker without a liberal arts degree. And any good university education, not just one in English or psychology, should sharpen these abilities further. “Any degree will give you very important generic skills like being able to write, being able to present an argument, research, problem-solve, teamwork, becoming familiar with technology,” says Dublin-based educational consultant and career coach \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.annemangan.com\u002F\"\u003EAnne Mangan\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut few courses of study are quite as heavy on reading, writing, speaking and critical thinking as the liberal arts, in particular the humanities – whether that’s by debating other students in a seminar, writing a thesis paper or analysing poetry.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Empathy is usually the biggest skill. That doesn’t just mean feeling sorry for people with problems. It means an ability to understand the needs and wants of a diverse group of people – Anders","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen asked to drill the most job market-ready skills of a humanities graduate down to three, Anders doesn’t hesitate. “Creativity, curiosity and empathy,” he says. “Empathy is usually the biggest one. That doesn’t just mean feeling sorry for people with problems. It means an ability to understand the needs and wants of a diverse group of people.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Think of people who oversee clinical drug tests. You need to get doctors, nurses, regulators all on the same page. You have to have the ability to think about what’s going to get this 72-year-old woman to feel comfortable being tracked long term, what do we have to do so this researcher takes this study seriously. That’s an empathy job.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut in general, say Anders and others, the benefit of a humanities degree is the emphasis it puts on teaching students to think, critique and persuade – often in the grey areas where there isn’t much data available or you need to work out what to believe.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The biggest group of US humanities graduates, 15%, go on to management positions ","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt’s small wonder, therefore, that humanities graduates go on to a variety of fields. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.humanitiesindicators.org\u002Fcontent\u002Findicatordoc.aspx?i=63#en_-1_7\"\u003EThe biggest group of US humanities graduates, 15%, go on to management positions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. That’s followed by 14% who are in in office and administrative positions, 13% who are in sales and another 12% who are in education, mostly teaching. Another 10% are in business and finance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd while there’s often an assumption that the careers humanities graduates pursue just aren’t as good as the jobs snapped up by, say, engineers or medics, that isn’t the case. In Australia, for example, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sbs.com.au\u002Fyourlanguage\u002Fhindi\u002Fen\u002Farticle\u002F2018\u002F07\u002F23\u002Faustralias-10-most-demand-jobs-revealed\"\u003Ethree of the 10 fastest-growing occupations are sales assistants, clerks, and advertising, public relations and sales managers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – all of which might look familiar as fields that humanities graduates tend to pursue.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07553qj"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"calloutBodyHtml":"\u003Cp\u003ESteve Ells, Chipotle founder, art history, University of Colorado at Boulder\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorge Soros, hedge fund manager, philosophy, London School of Economics\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlexa Hirschfeld, Paperless Post co-founder, classics, Harvard University\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAndrea Jung, former Avon CEO, English language and literature, Princeton\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJK Rowling, author, French and classics, University of Exeter\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELarry Sanger, Wikipedia founder, philosophy, Reed College (plus a Ph.D in philosophy, Ohio State University)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAndrew Mason, Groupon founder, music, Northwestern University\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPeter D Hancock, CEO of AIG, politics\u002Fphilosophy\u002Feconomics, Oxford\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJodi Kantor, Pulitzer prize-winning journalist, history, Columbia University\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStewart Butterfield, Flickr co-founder, philosophy, University of Victoria\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECaterina Fake, Flickr co-founder, English, Vassar College\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECarolyn McCall, CEO of ITV and former CEO of Easyjet, history and politics, University of Kent, Canterbury (plus master’s degree in politics, University of London)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChad Hurley, YouTube founder, fine art, Indiana University of Pennsylvania\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E","calloutTitle":"Star performers","cardType":"CalloutBox","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, Glassdoor’s 2019 research found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.glassdoor.co.uk\u002FList\u002FBest-Jobs-in-UK-LST_KQ0,15.htm\"\u003Eeight of the top 10 best jobs in the UK were managerial positions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – people-oriented roles that require communication skills and emotional intelligence. (It defined \"best\" by combining earning potential, overall job satisfaction rating and number of job openings.) And many of them were outside Stem-based industries. The third best job was marketing manager; fourth, product manager; fifth, sales manager. An engineering role doesn’t appear on the list until the 18th slot – below positions in communications, HR and project management.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne recent study of 1,700 people from 30 countries, meanwhile, found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britishcouncil.org\u002Fvoices-magazine\u002Fwhat-do-worlds-most-successful-people-study\"\u003Ethe majority of those in leadership positions had either a social sciences or humanities degree\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. That was especially true of leaders under 45 years of age; leaders over 45 were more likely to have studied Stem.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBe career-ready\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis isn’t to say that a liberal arts degree is the easy road. “A lot of the people I talked to were five or 10 years into their career, and there was a sense that the first year was bumpy, and it took a while to find their footing,” Anders says. “But as things played out, it did tend to work.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor some graduates, the initial challenge was not knowing what they wanted to do with their lives. For others, it was not having acquired as many technical skills with their degree as, say, their IT trainee peers and having to play catch-up after.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut pursuing a more vocational degree can come with its own risks too. Not every teenager knows exactly what they want to do with their lives, and our career aspirations often change over time. One UK report found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bmmagazine.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fthird-brits-reset-career-choices\u002F\"\u003Emore than one-third of Brits have changed careers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in their lifetime. LinkedIn found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.linkedin.com\u002F2018\u002Foctober\u002F11\u002Fthe-job-hopping-generation-young-professionals-are-on-the-move\"\u003E40% of professionals are interested in making a “career pivot”\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – and younger people are interested most of all. Focusing on broadly applicable skills like critical thinking no longer seems like such a moon shot when you consider how many different jobs and industries they can be applied to (though for a young person figuring out their career path, it’s true that flexibility also can feel overwhelming). \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"One 2017 study found that the fastest-growing jobs in the US in the last 30 years have almost all specifically required a high level of social skills","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESpecialised technical skills are important in the job market too. But there are a number of ways to acquire them. “I’m very pro-internships and apprenticeships. We’ve seen that that can directly correlate to you having a more grounded skill base in the workplace,” says career development coach \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Fin\u002Fchristinageorgalla\u002F\"\u003EChristina Georgalla\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“I even advocate that post-university, if you’re not sure, take a year out and instead of going travelling, actually trial doing different internships. Even if it’s the same field but in TV, say, broadcasting versus producing versus presenting, so you can see the difference.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut what about the other perceived pitfalls – like a higher unemployment rate and lower salaries?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0755b00"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy broader matters\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt’s true that the humanities come with a higher risk of unemployment. But it’s worth noting that the risk is slighter than you’d imagine. For young people (aged 25-34) in the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.humanitiesindicators.org\u002Fcontent\u002Findicatordoc.aspx?i=10919\"\u003Ethe unemployment rate of those with a humanities degree is 4%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. An engineering or business degree comes with an unemployment rate of a little more than 3%. That single additional percentage point is one extra person per 100, such a small amount it’s often within the margin of error of many surveys.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESalaries aren’t so straightforward either. Yes, in the UK, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ifs.org.uk\u002Fpublications\u002F10177\"\u003Ethe top earnings are pulled in by those who study medicine or dentistry, economics or maths\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; in the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.humanitiesindicators.org\u002Fcontent\u002Findicatordoc.aspx?i=64\"\u003Eengineering, physical sciences or business\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Some of the most popular humanities, such as history or English, are in the bottom half of the group.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut there’s more to the story – including that for some jobs, it seems that it’s actually better to start with a broader degree, rather than a professional one.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Notable wage disparities persist in the humanities: US men who major in the humanities have median earnings of $60,000, for example, while women make $48,000","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETake law. In the US, an undergraduate student who took the seemingly most direct route to becoming a lawyer, judge or magistrate – majoring in a pre-law or legal studies degree – can expect to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.hamiltonproject.org\u002Fcharts\u002Fmedian_earnings_for_largest_occupations\"\u003Eearn an average of $94,000\u003C\u002Fa\u003E a year. But those who majored in philosophy or religious studies make an average of $110,000. Graduates who studied area, ethnic and civilisations studies earn $124,000, US history majors earn $143,000 and those who studied foreign languages earn $148,000, a stunning $54,000 a year above their pre-law counterparts.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are similar examples in other industries too. Take managers in the marketing, advertising and PR industries: those who majored in advertising and PR earn about $64,000 a year – but those who studied liberal arts make $84,000.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd even while overall salary disparities do remain, it may not be the degree itself. Humanities graduates in particular are more likely to be female. We all know about the gender pay gap, and notable wage disparities persist in the humanities: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.humanitiesindicators.org\u002Fcontent\u002Findicatordoc.aspx?i=64\"\u003EUS men who major in the humanities have median earnings of $60,000\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, for example, while women make $48,000. \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.aei.org\u002Fpublication\u002Ftable-of-the-day-bachelors-degrees-by-field-and-gender-for-the-class-of-2015\u002F\"\u003ESince more than six in 10 humanities majors are women\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the gender pay gap, not the degree, may be to blame.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe also know that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2016\u002F03\u002F20\u002Fupshot\u002Fas-women-take-over-a-male-dominated-field-the-pay-drops.html\"\u003Eas more women move into a field, the field’s overall earnings go down\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Given that, is it any wonder that English majors, seven in 10 of whom are women, tend to make less than engineers, eight in 10 of whom are men?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07551b2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDo what you love\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is a big part of why there is one major takeaway, says Mangan. Whatever a student pursues in university, it must be something that they aren’t just good at, but they really enjoy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“In most areas that I can see, the employer just wants to know that you’ve been to college and you’ve done well. That’s why I think doing something that really interests you is essential – because that’s when you’re going to do well,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENo matter what, making a degree or career path decision based on average salaries isn’t a good move. “Financial success is not a good reason. It tends to be a very poor reason,” Mangan says. “Be successful at something and money will follow, as opposed to the other way around. Focus on doing the stuff that you love that you’ll be so enthusiastic about, people will want to give you a job. Then go and develop within that job.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis speaks to a broader point: the whole question of whether a student should choose Stem versus the humanities, or a vocational course versus a liberal arts degree, might be misguided to begin with. It’s not as if most of us have an equal amount of passion and aptitude for, say, accounting and art history. Plenty of people know what they love most. They just don’t know if they should pursue it. And the headlines most of us see don’t help.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is part of why parents and teachers often need to take a step back, Mangan says. “There is only one expert. I’m the expert on me, you’re the expert on you, they’re the expert on themselves,” she says. “And nobody, I really mean nobody, can tell them how to do what they should be doing.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEven, it seems, if that means pursuing a “useless” degree – like one in liberal arts.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E--\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAmanda Ruggeri is a senior journalist and editor at BBC.com. You can follow her on Twitter at \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Famanda_ruggeri\"\u003E@amanda_ruggeri\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETo comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Capital, please head over to our\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FBBCCapital\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E  \u003Cem\u003Epage or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FBBC_Capital\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Enewsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E called \"If You Only Read 6 Things This Week\". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-19"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-04-02T00:01:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why ‘worthless’ humanities degrees may set you up for life","headlineShort":"Is a humanities degree worthless?","image":["p0755bpd"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f0f018f654288bc0399932d"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07551b2"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"Why bother with degrees like History or English? Here’s why the liberal arts could leave you better prepared for employment than you think.","summaryShort":"Debunking the fact from fiction about liberal arts","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Feducation"],"creationDateTime":"2019-04-02T08:43:07.791322Z","entity":"article","guid":"b62e5cac-1779-481b-a788-26ccff70519e","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-20T20:03:11.981683Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581685},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate","_id":"5f0f00e8654288bc0393f6bf","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fkathryn-b-creedy"],"bodyIntro":"Why airlines are cracking down on \"skiplagging\" — the hack that savvy travellers use to fly for less.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere’s a sneaky travel hack out there, right under your nose – but you may not even know it exists. It could save you big money on airfare.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd airlines are doing everything they can to stamp it out once and for all.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s called “skiplagging”, and here’s how it works: Say \u003Cspan\u003Eif \u003C\u002Fspan\u003Esomeone wants to fly from Boston to Houston, but the airfare is too high. So they buy a ticket from Boston to Las Vegas with a layover in Houston, because it is cheaper than the direct Boston-to-Houston fare. The passenger disembarks at Houston, leaving an unused portion of the ticket. So they never actually finish the entire journey they booked – but they’ve saved money doing so.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Hidden-city ticketing is a problem of the airlines’ own making - Henry Harteveldt","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe practice \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002F2019\u002F02\u002F13\u002F694352593\u002Flufthansa-airlines-sues-customer-who-skipped-part-of-his-return-flight\"\u003Emade headlines earlier this month\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. German airline Lufthansa sued a passenger who saved money by skipping a leg of a round-trip ticket.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAirlines hate it when passengers game the system. Despite the fact that such lawsuits have failed in the past, Lufthansa is suing for more than $2,000. But while airlines try to stem the tide of passengers getting cheaper fares by using “hidden-city” ticketing, few airline analysts have much sympathy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EYou might also like:\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20171019-the-couple-paid-200k-a-year-to-travel\"\u003EThe couple paid $200K a year to travel\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20170712-the-man-who-takes-a-plane-to-work-every-day\"\u003EThe man who takes a plane to work every day\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20171004-the-flight-routines-of-super-travellers\"\u003EThe flight routines of super-travellers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Hidden-city ticketing is a problem of the airlines’ own making,” says Henry Harteveldt, founder of travel advisory firm Atmosphere Research.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07212p9"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I fully understand, as an airline analyst and business person, why airlines extract as much as they can where they have leverage. That is what business is all about,” says Harteveldt. “But when an airline puts out stupid airline pricing and the fare into a hub [airport] is nonsensically high, it is almost like airlines invite hidden-city booking.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIt’s about where, not how far\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt issue, says Harteveldt, is the logic underpinning airline pricing, which can appear incomprehensible to customers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“If airline A has a low-fare competitor, they will match; if not, they charge a premium. It all depends on the competition, and that is why airlines strategically lower fares in some markets and not others. In my discussions with airlines, they say they don’t want to lose market share and will take a calculated risk.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPeter Belobaba, principal research scientist at the MIT International Center for Air Transportation, says this kind of pricing is found all over the world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Take Boston to Las Vegas, a leisure market which is more price sensitive. Boston-Houston is a business market, which means higher fares. They are very different markets when it comes to both competition and sensitivity to pricing. From an economic point of view, it makes perfect sense to charge lower fares in the Boston-Las Vegas market even though it is further than Houston in miles, especially if the competition is charging $199 for a non-stop flight,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07213pb"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETony Webber, CEO of aviation research company Air Intelligence and former Qantas chief economist, says lawsuits like the one filed by Lufthansa are a scare tactic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWebber explained the impact on revenues saying skiplagging means airlines cannot maximise revenues because, had they sold the seat directly, they would have probably received a higher fare. So, hidden-city ticketing lowers the yield they receive from each seat and complicates what is already a small-margin business.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut, Harteveldt argues, airlines overbook because they know some won’t show up so it is unlikely the seat will fly empty.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEthical dilemma\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYet frequent flyers buffeted by airline fees, poor service, delays and cancellations tend not to care much about the airlines’ troubles.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESkiplaggers are generally the savviest travelers and often the airlines’ best customers. Indeed, about the only way to find out how many people are skiplagging is to ask Skiplagged, the website invented to help fliers exploit hidden-city tickets.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFounder Aktarer Zaman isn’t talking, however, and did not respond to numerous BBC queries. But he appears to have plenty of supporters: when \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmoney.cnn.com\u002F2015\u002F12\u002F31\u002Finvesting\u002Faktarer-zaman-how-i-beat-united-airlines\u002Findex.html\"\u003EUnited tried and failed to sue him in 2015\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, crowdfunding yielded over $80,000 (£61,000) for his defence.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Hidden-city tickets are almost impossible to track","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESo, are passengers gaming a system stacked against them? After all, the airline offered the seat at a given price and received that price. \u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2014\u002F09\u002F14\u002Fmagazine\u002Fpaying-for-a-need-for-speed.html?_r=0\"\u003EThe New York Times’ Ethicist column\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E saw no problem with skiplagging. Commenters agreed, with one concluding making a purchase does not oblige you to use it. Indeed, writing for the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002F6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com\u002F2011\u002F05\u002F16\u002Fnate-silver-guest-ethicist\u002F\"\u003ETimes, Nate Silver \u003C\u002Fa\u003Ecited airline monopoly power as part of the problem.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Yes, airlines have been compensated, but usually that pro-rated compensation is lower than the market value of fares for the leg the passenger has missed on purpose,” Webber explains. He notes that while the airline was paid by the passenger, the payment was less than the airline would have received if the passenger had not been skiplagging.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn fact, the contracts of carriage, that lopsided-in-the-airlines’-favour contract outlining the contract between airline and passenger when they buy a ticket, often prohibit hidden-city ticketing and promise a raft of measures if passengers are suspected of violations. It is understandable passengers dislike contracts of carriage since airlines use them as an excuse not to provide services when things go wrong.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07212d4"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERisky business\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs the recent lawsuit shows, the practice can be risky for the passenger. If you try to skiplag, you might get found out, even stopped at the airport.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“It does take effort and time to do this,” says Harteveldt. “Booking unusual itineraries could raise red flags, and someone could flag and monitor you while you fly. At some point you may get a letter, or corporate security meeting you at the gate. The airlines’ intention is to intimidate and recover what they perceive to be lost revenue.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWebber, however, thinks hidden-city tickets are almost impossible to track. But with the adoption of new technology, that will not stay that way for long. Airlines already have a lot of information they can cull from frequent flier records. Indeed, airlines have met passengers at their arriving flight and escorted them on to their next segment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGetting caught, Harteveldt adds, may mean having to buy a last-minute ticket that costs more than the amount you were trying to save. Travel agencies could lose the ability to ticket on an airline if they book hidden-city fares. Plus, airlines could share the names of hidden-city flyers with their partners or ban the passenger, he adds.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBenét Wilson, a writer who covers travel and credit card rewards for online loan marketplace LendingTree, says it is a case of doing it at your own peril. “I do understand how travelers feel about airline pricing and the fact it looks as if they are trying to rip them off. But it really depends on where you live. If you live at a hub, prices are higher. It’s called capitalism. I also understand the temptation to balance that, but you need to realise you can be sued, you can lose all your frequent flier miles, which has happened. They could cancel your membership.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd she sums up her opinion of the issue succinctly. “Don’t hate the player,” she says. “Hate the game.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E--\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETo comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Capital, please head over to our\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FBBCCapital\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E  page or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FBBC_Capital\"\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003Enewsletter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E called \"If You Only Read 6 Things This Week\". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"\"}}\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate-10"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-02-26T19:00:29.445Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Skiplagging: The travel trick that airlines hate","headlineShort":"The travel hack that airlines hate","image":["p0721198"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f0f018f654288bc0399932d"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"Why airlines are cracking down on \"skiplagging\" — the hack that savvy travellers use to fly for less.","summaryShort":"It's easy to do, it saves people money - and airlines are starting to crack down","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fsmart-travel","tag\u002Fmoney"],"creationDateTime":"2019-02-26T21:15:23.46238Z","entity":"article","guid":"874f3c1f-2eaf-4bfd-ae91-148ea86b07c3","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-23T21:30:44.837864Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190226-the-travel-trick-that-airlines-hate","cacheLastUpdated":1596102581686},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays","_id":"5f0f00e7654288bc0393f31e","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Falina-dizik"],"bodyIntro":"There are a host of subconscious reasons that make people spend more on their travels, and it’s difficult to keep them in check, writes Alina Dizik.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEsta Shah always plans a fun activity for the day following her holiday. It’s not a coping strategy to combat the back-to-work blues – rather, it’s a budgeting trick she says prevents her from wild overspending.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKnowing the fun will continue when you get back “keeps you from spending on [unnecessary] things during the last days of vacation to keep the fun going,” says Shah, a marketing professor at the University of Cincinnati.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EYou may also like:\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20161014-loneliness-often-follows-sudden-wealth\"\u003ELoneliness often follows sudden wealth\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20170702-how-to-fake-a-shopping-buzz-without-spending-any-money?ocid=global_capital_rss\"\u003EHow to fake a shopping buzz\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E- \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20160704-the-music-that-makes-you-spend-the-most\"\u003EThe new trick to get you spending more\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EContinuing the fun post-holiday keeps her from chasing happiness while on holiday because she knows it’s awaiting her back home. Ultimately, it allows her to spend more wisely during the days she’s travelling rather than splurging on items she doesn’t need just before she flies home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p05gjl1f"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECollective blindspot\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMany people return from holidays to higher-than-expected credit card bills. In the US, the overspend can represent a serious chunk of household income: 74% of Americans admitted falling into debt of more than $1,100 after returning from a holiday, according to a 2017 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flearnvest.global.ssl.fastly.net\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F06\u002FLearnVest-Survey3-Release-FINAL.pdf\"\u003Esurvey\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by personal finance website Learnvest.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"74% of Americans admitted falling into debt of more than $1,100 after returning from a holiday","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the UK, many travellers spend an average of £532 ($718) per person even before they’ve  left the country – on anything from duty-free shopping to trip-related clothing, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fabta.com\u002Fabout-us\u002Fpress\u002Fabta-reveals-brits-spend-as-much-before-they-travel-as-they-do-abroad\"\u003Eresearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from the Association of British Travel Agents.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“I have worked with a lot of people who have no problems in their financial life – except on vacation,” says Brad Klontz, a psychologist and financial adviser in Hawaii who works with clients on spending.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHard cash\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo why do people lose control of their spending when travelling?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are a host of subconscious reasons behind spending more on holiday and it’s difficult to keep them in check, says Klaus Wertenbroch, marketing professor at INSEAD business school’s Singapore campus.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p05gjlg4"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor one, currency differences can trick you into feeling you have more money to spend when abroad, says Wertenbroch.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww-2.rotman.utoronto.ca\u002Ffacbios\u002Ffile\u002Fcurrency-jcr.pdf\"\u003EA 2007 paper\u003C\u002Fa\u003E he co-authored found that that the nominal (face) value of money affects how people perceive its real value: if you’re in a country where the face value of the foreign currency is a fraction of your home currency, you’re likely to spend more.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Currency differences can trick you into feeling you have more money to spend when abroad","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor example, if you’re travelling from Canada to Indonesia, your one Canadian dollar is worth roughly 10,800 rupiah. You’re more likely to overspend with a wallet stuffed with high-denomination bills, Wertenbroch says, because doing currency conversions on the fly is mentally taxing – you’re more likely to make a biased evaluation in favor of the face value, rather than the real value, of the price posted in the foreign currency.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p05gjlrc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Malleable mental accounting’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETravellers can be susceptible to setting unrealistic budgets that are either too low or too high because of so-called “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fopenview\u002Fdfcb3afab21c2865793c2c4f9d7cfcdf\u002F1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y\"\u003Emalleable mental accounting\u003C\u002Fa\u003E,” which increases the tendency to spend, points out Shah. That’s because we are likely to justify our spending based on present circumstances rather than sticking to a strict budget to control spending.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor example, if you budgeted spending only $100 per day on holiday, you can spend another $30 on food by categorising food as an everyday purchase rather than strictly holiday spending. As a result, people justify that they can actually spend an extra $30 on food without recognising that they are already spending more than they do back home. “Your budgets are not as good as you think they are – things fall apart based on your motivations,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd conservative budgets don’t always work either, adds Shah. For example, setting aside $1,000 for a weeklong trip, realising you’ve allocated too much money to spend and still had $500 left over on the last day, makes it easier to splurge on the day prior to flying home, according to Shah’s research. “When you put together those rounded figures [via a budget], that creates a ‘licensing’ effect,” which provides a mental excuse to spend more money, she explains.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p05gjlvf"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFeeling pressed for time in a now-or-never type of situation can also influence your spending, says Deepak Chhabra, an associate professor at Arizona State University who specialises in tourism.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhether it’s finding a one-of-a-kind holiday souvenir or splurging on dinner, “you are viewing life from a short-term perspective and can get carried away,” says Chhabra. Where you’re from can affect how much time you have to spend on holiday – \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fviewfinder.expedia.com\u002Fnews\u002Fwork-life-imbalance-expedias-2016-vacation-deprivation-study-shows-americans-leave-hundreds-millions-paid-vacation-days-unused\u002F?mcicid=social.vf\"\u003Ea 2016 study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by travel site Expedia found those from the US, Japan and South Korea are less likely to use all their holiday leave than Europeans. Chhabra thinks those with less time per year for holidays could be more eager to take the plunge when it comes to spending.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p05gjkxh"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170919-why-so-many-people-overspend-on-their-holidays-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EViewing friends’ trips via social media can inspire a sort of FOMO (fear of missing out) that can influence especially younger travellers to overspend because they tend \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pwc.com\u002Fus\u002Fen\u002Fpress-releases\u002F2015\u002Fholiday-shopping-outlook-press-release.html\"\u003Eto value experiences more than other generations\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, says Chhabra.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe pull of seeing acquaintances spend money on travel can often be a more powerful motivator to spend more while travelling than seeing an advertisement, she says. “You want to be on par with what [others] are doing,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESo what should you do? \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERather than creating a budget based on what you’re planning to spend, treat your holiday like you would daily life, recommends Shah.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGet acquainted with the currency and how much items cost prior to the trip. Reading about transport, food and entertainment costs can make prices seem more familiar once you’re actually on the trip. Set up a daily – rather than a weekly – budget based on your research of how much you expect to pay for food, transport, activities and anything else you plan to purchase while traveling so it’s easier to track.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFinally, attempt to pay for the holiday within a short period of time; incurring flight and lodging expenses over a few months makes it easy to lose track of how much you’ll spend on each portion, adds Shah.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETo comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Capital, please head over to our\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FBBCCapital\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FBBC_Capital\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Enewsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E called \"If You Only Read 6 Things This Week\". 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