{"title":"Application of Ti\/RuO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 Anode for Degradation of Reactive Black-5 Dye","authors":"Jayesh P. Ruparelia, Bhavna D. Soni","volume":71,"journal":"International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering","pagesStart":715,"pagesEnd":722,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/8283","abstract":"<p>Electrochemical-oxidation of Reactive Black-5 (RB- 5) was conducted for degradation using DSA type Ti\/RuO2-SnO2- Sb2O5 electrode. In the study, for electro-oxidation, electrode was indigenously fabricated in laboratory using titanium as substrate. This substrate was coated using different metal oxides RuO2, Sb2O5 and SnO2 by thermal decomposition method. Laboratory scale batch reactor was used for degradation and decolorization studies at pH 2, 7 and 11. Current density (50mA\/cm2) and distance between electrodes (8mm) were kept constant for all experiments. Under identical conditions, removal of color, COD and TOC at initial pH 2 was 99.40%, 55% and 37% respectively for initial concentration of 100 mg\/L RB-5. Surface morphology and composition of the fabricated electrode coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) respectively. Coating microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results of this study further revealed that almost 90% of oxidation occurred within 5-10 minutes.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] M O Azzam, Y Tahboub, M Al-Tarazi, \"Effects of counter electrode material on the anodic destruction of 4-cl phenol solution\", Institution of\r\nChemical Engineers Trans, Part B, Vol-77, pp.219-226 1999.\r\n[2] S Kim, T H Kim, C Park, E B Shin, \"Electrochemical oxidation of\r\npolyvinyal alcohol using a RuO2\/Ti anode\" Desalination, Vol- 155, pp.\r\n49-57, 2003.\r\n[3] N Mohan, N Balasubramanian, C Ahmed Basha, \"Electrochemical\r\noxidation of textile wastewater and its reuse\", Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol 147, pp. 644-651, 2007.\r\n[4] D Rajkumar, B J Song, J G Kim, \"Electrochemical degradation of\r\nReactive Blue 19 in chloride medium for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater with identification of intermediate compounds\" Dyes and\r\nPigments, Vol-72, pp. 1-7, 2007.\r\n[5] E Chatzisymeon, N P Xekoukoulotakis, A Coz, N Kalogerakis, D\r\nMantzavinos, \"Electrochemical treatment of textile dyes and dyehouse\r\neffluents\" Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol- 137, pp. 998-1007,\r\n2006.\r\n[6] B Wang, W Kong, H Ma, \"Electrochemical treatment of paper mill\r\nwastewater using three-dimensional electrodes with Ti\/Co\/SnO2-Sb2O5\r\nanode\" Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol-146, pp. 295-301,2007.\r\n[7] A M Carlos, B Enric ,\" Decontamination of wastewaters containing\r\nsynthetic organic dyes by electrochemical methods: A general review\",\r\nApplied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol-87(3-4), pp. 105-145, 2009.\r\n[8] M Z Adriana , A M Carlos, R S Djalma ,\"Application of electrochemical\r\ntechnology for removing petroleum hydrocarbons from produced water\r\nusing a DSA type anode at different flow rates\" ,Fuel, Vol-89(2),\r\npp.531-534, 2010.\r\n[9] D Rajkumar , K Palanivelu , \"Electrochemical treatment of industrial\r\nwastewater\", Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol-113(1-3), pp.123-\r\n129, 2004.\r\n[10] Yi Fenyun, S Chen, Y Chan, \"Effect of activated carbon fiber anode\r\nstructure and electrolysis conditions on electrochemical degradation of\r\ndye wastewater\" , Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol-157(1), pp.79-\r\n87, 2008.\r\n[11] R Kotz, S Stucki, B Carcer, \"Electrochemical waste water treatment\r\nusing high overvoltage anodes, Part I: Physical and electrochemical\r\nproperties of SnO2 anodes, Journal of applied electrochemistry Vol-21,\r\npp.14-20,1991.\r\n[12] G Chen, \"Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment,\r\nSeparation and Purification Technology\", Vol-38(1), pp.11-41, 2004.\r\n[13] C.Comninellis, G Chen, \"Electrochemistry for the Environment\", New\r\nYork Springer Science Business Media, LLC, 2010.\r\n[14] Y-Y Hou, J-M Hu, L Liu, J-Q Zhang, C-N Cao, \u201cEffect of calcination\r\ntemperature on electro catalytic activities of Ti\/IrO2 electrodes in\r\nmethanol aqueous solutions\u201d, Electrochimica Acta, Vol-51(28), pp.\r\n6258-6267, 2006.\r\n[15] H A Moreno, C David, L Cocke, A Jewel, G Gomes, P Morkovsky, J.\r\nR. 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