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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_de_signes_cliniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_de_signes_cliniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types de signes cliniques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_de_signes_cliniques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Types de signes cliniques</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_de_signes_cliniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Signe_positif_ou_négatif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signe_positif_ou_négatif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Signe positif ou négatif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signe_positif_ou_négatif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signe_général" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signe_général"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Signe général</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signe_général-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signe_physique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signe_physique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Signe physique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signe_physique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signe_fonctionnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signe_fonctionnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Signe fonctionnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signe_fonctionnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signe_constant_ou_inconstant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signe_constant_ou_inconstant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Signe constant ou inconstant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signe_constant_ou_inconstant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signe_clinique_spécifique_ou_non_spécifique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signe_clinique_spécifique_ou_non_spécifique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Signe clinique spécifique ou non spécifique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signe_clinique_spécifique_ou_non_spécifique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signe_pathognomonique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signe_pathognomonique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Signe pathognomonique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signe_pathognomonique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regroupement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regroupement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regroupement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regroupement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Signe clinique</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 30 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signo_clinico" title="Signo clinico – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Signo clinico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علامة طبية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علامة طبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signu_cl%C3%ADnicu" title="Signu clínicu – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Signu clínicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signe_cl%C3%ADnic" title="Signe clínic – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Signe clínic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="نیشانەی پزیشکی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیشانەی پزیشکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinick%C3%BD_p%C5%99%C3%ADznak" title="Klinický příznak – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klinický příznak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwydd_meddygol" title="Arwydd meddygol – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arwydd meddygol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_sign" title="Clinical sign – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Clinical sign" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinika_signo" title="Klinika signo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klinika signo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signo_cl%C3%ADnico" title="Signo clínico – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Signo clínico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zantzu_kliniko" title="Zantzu kliniko – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zantzu kliniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F_(%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94)" title="סימן (רפואה) – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סימן (רפואה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4" title="रोग संकेत – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोग संकेत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanda_klinis" title="Tanda klinis – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanda klinis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medikala_signo" title="Medikala signo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Medikala signo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segno_(medicina)" title="Segno (medicina) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Segno (medicina)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berjeng" title="Berjeng – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Berjeng" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signum_(medicina)" title="Signum (medicina) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Signum (medicina)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinisch_teken" title="Klinisch teken – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klinisch teken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykdomstegn" title="Sykdomstegn – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sykdomstegn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obraz_kliniczny" title="Obraz kliniczny – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obraz kliniczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinal_m%C3%A9dico" title="Sinal médico – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinal médico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znaci_bolesti" title="Znaci bolesti – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Znaci bolesti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinick%C3%BD_pr%C3%ADznak" title="Klinický príznak – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Klinický príznak" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Знаци болести – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Знаци болести" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fynd_(diagnostik)" title="Fynd (diagnostik) – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fynd (diagnostik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="குறி (குறியியல்) – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குறி (குறியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87" title="อาการแสดง – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาการแสดง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgu" title="Bulgu – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bulgu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%E1%BB%87u_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_th%E1%BB%B1c_th%E1%BB%83" title="Triệu chứng thực thể – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Triệu chứng thực thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1441305#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Signe_clinique" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Signe" class="mw-disambig" title="Signe">Signe</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Star_of_life2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Star_of_life2.svg/35px-Star_of_life2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Star_of_life2.svg/53px-Star_of_life2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Star_of_life2.svg/70px-Star_of_life2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decine" title="Médecine">médecine</a>.</strong> </p> <div class="nomobile"> Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>.</div> </div></div> <p>Un <b>signe clinique</b> ou signe médical est la manifestation d'une maladie, constatée objectivement par un médecin ou tout autre observateur. L'<a href="/wiki/Interpr%C3%A9tation_en_m%C3%A9decine" title="Interprétation en médecine">interprétation</a> de cette <a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">observation</a> permet au médecin « clinicien » de s'orienter vers un diagnostic. De manière très générale, la science des signes constitue la <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9miologie" title="Sémiologie">sémiologie</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Éléments_de_définition_dans_le_domaine_médical"><span id=".C3.89l.C3.A9ments_de_d.C3.A9finition_dans_le_domaine_m.C3.A9dical"></span>Éléments de définition dans le domaine médical</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Éléments de définition dans le domaine médical" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Éléments de définition dans le domaine médical"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decine" title="Médecine">médecine</a> humaine ou vétérinaire, un « signe » ou un ensemble de signes positifs ou négatifs, peuvent être la manifestation objective d'une <a href="/wiki/Pathologie" title="Pathologie">pathologie</a>, relevée par le <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decin" title="Médecin">médecin</a> (ou vétérinaire) lors d'une consultation ou de l'examen d'un individu (ou d'un groupe), ou bien être des variantes de la normale sans signification pathologique. </p><p>La distinction entre signe et <a href="/wiki/Sympt%C3%B4me" title="Symptôme">symptôme</a> est variable selon les auteurs, ou les périodes, plus ou moins consacrée selon les usages. </p><p>En principe, le signe est une manifestation objective, distincte du symptôme, le symptôme étant ce qui est perçu et décrit par le malade (douleur, angoisse, sensations...). En pratique, les deux termes sont le plus souvent synonymes distingués par des adjectifs : physique (objectif) ou fonctionnel (subjectif)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ainsi symptôme objectif est équivalent à signe<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et un signe fonctionnel à symptôme. </p><p>Ou alors, le signe est appelé symptôme lorsqu'il est mis en rapport avec un état pathologique. Par son interprétation, le médecin déterminera si tel ou tel signe peut avoir valeur de symptôme. La description subjective faite par le patient est appelée « plainte du patient » ou « motif de consultation ». </p><p>Le signe clinique est une observation significative (qui a du sens) recueillie au cours de l'examen clinique. L'analyse (ou l'interprétation) des signes cliniques permet de poser, écarter, confirmer, infirmer, étayer ou orienter un diagnostic clinique. Les variantes de la normale ou variantes physiologiques si elles peuvent être observées n'en sont pas pour autant des signes cliniques car elles n'apportent pas d'information significative. Au contraire, ce sont les « variantes anormales » qui observées et recueillies sont des signes cliniques certaines d'entre elles pouvant être dues à un état pathologique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_de_signes_cliniques">Types de signes cliniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Types de signes cliniques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Types de signes cliniques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signe_positif_ou_négatif"><span id="Signe_positif_ou_n.C3.A9gatif"></span>Signe positif ou négatif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Signe positif ou négatif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Signe positif ou négatif"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un signe est dit positif si c'est sa présence qui a une signification.<br />Un signe est dit négatif si c'est son absence qui a une signification. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signe_général"><span id="Signe_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9ral"></span>Signe général</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Signe général" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Signe général"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>un signe qui concerne l'organisme dans sa globalité (fièvre, amaigrissement, sueurs…).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signe_physique">Signe physique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Signe physique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Signe physique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>signe constaté objectivement (comme l'état de la peau) ou provoqué par une manœuvre d'examen (comme une palpation douloureuse).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signe_fonctionnel">Signe fonctionnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Signe fonctionnel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Signe fonctionnel"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>signe ressenti subjectivement par le malade (fatigue, démangeaisons…)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signe_constant_ou_inconstant">Signe constant ou inconstant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Signe constant ou inconstant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Signe constant ou inconstant"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un signe clinique est constant lorsqu'il est toujours retrouvé au cours d'une pathologie donnée. Son absence infirme donc le diagnostic de cette pathologie. Un signe clinique est dit inconstant lorsqu'il peut être ou ne pas être retrouvé au cours d'une pathologie donnée. Son absence n'infirme donc pas le diagnostic de cette pathologie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signe_clinique_spécifique_ou_non_spécifique"><span id="Signe_clinique_sp.C3.A9cifique_ou_non_sp.C3.A9cifique"></span>Signe clinique spécifique ou non spécifique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Signe clinique spécifique ou non spécifique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Signe clinique spécifique ou non spécifique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un signe clinique est dit spécifique lorsqu'il permettra d'orienter le diagnostic vers une ou un groupe de pathologies dont certaines expressions cliniques présentent des points communs ou difficilement différentiables. Un signe clinique est dit non spécifique lorsqu'il peut être l'expression clinique de plusieurs maladies différentes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signe_pathognomonique">Signe <a href="/wiki/Pathognomonique" title="Pathognomonique">pathognomonique</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Signe pathognomonique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Signe pathognomonique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La présence d'un tel signe permet à coup sûr, et à lui seul, de poser le diagnostic clinique d'une pathologie. Le signe pathognomonique est le signe le plus spécifique qui soit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regroupement">Regroupement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Regroupement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Regroupement"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les signes se groupent en <a href="/wiki/Syndrome" title="Syndrome">syndromes</a>, lorsque la présence simultanée de plusieurs signes cliniques distincts les uns des autres a une signification. </p><p>L'ensemble des signes observés chez un patient constituent le <a href="/wiki/Tableau_clinique" title="Tableau clinique">tableau clinique</a>. Le « portrait-type » des patients atteints d'une maladie donnée, constituent le tableau clinique de cette maladie. </p><p>Une maladie peut être dite infraclinique (on parle alors de forme infraclinique) lorsque malgré l'absence de signe clinique, il existe un ou plusieurs signes paracliniques (comme un examen de laboratoire) permettant d'en faire le diagnostic. </p><p>Une maladie est dite subclinique (on parle alors de forme subclinique) lorsque ses manifestations cliniques sont ténues soit que les signes cliniques sont peu spécifiques, soit qu'ils sont peu intenses et difficilement identifiables ce qui rend leur recueil difficile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Garnier1995">Garnier, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire des termes de médecine</cite>, Maloine, <time>1995</time>, 1095 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-224-02381-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-224-02381-2"><span class="nowrap">2-224-02381-2</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 853.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+termes+de+m%C3%A9decine&rft.pub=Maloine&rft.au=Garnier&rft.date=1995&rft.pages=853.&rft.tpages=1095&rft.isbn=2-224-02381-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASigne+clinique"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Manuila1972"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._Manuila1972">A. Manuila, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire français de médecine et de biologie</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> III, Masson, <time>1972</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 790.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+fran%C3%A7ais+de+m%C3%A9decine+et+de+biologie&rft.pub=Masson&rft.aulast=Manuila&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.date=1972&rft.pages=790.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASigne+clinique"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Examen_m%C3%A9dical" title="Examen médical">Examen médical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Examen_clinique" title="Examen clinique">Examen clinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_(m%C3%A9decine)" title="Diagnostic (médecine)">Diagnostic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9miologie" title="Sémiologie">Sémiologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychologie_clinique" title="Psychologie clinique">Psychologie clinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_signes_%C3%A9ponymes_en_s%C3%A9miologie_m%C3%A9dicale" title="Liste des signes éponymes en sémiologie médicale">Liste des signes éponymes en sémiologie médicale</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signe_clinique&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bottéro1974"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._Bottéro1974">J. Bottéro, <cite class="italique">Divination et Rationalité</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil" title="Éditions du Seuil">Seuil</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Recherches anthropologiques », <time>1974</time>, partie II, « Symptômes, signes, écriture en Mésopotamie ancienne », <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 168-193.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divination+et+Rationalit%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Sympt%C3%B4mes%2C+signes%2C+%C3%A9criture+en+M%C3%A9sopotamie+ancienne&rft.pub=Seuil&rft.aulast=Bott%C3%A9ro&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1974&rft.pages=168-193.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASigne+clinique"></span></span></span><div style="margin-left:2em; line-height:1.5;">ouvrage collectif</div></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Foucault1963"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._Foucault1963">M. Foucault, <cite class="italique">Naissance de la Clinique, une archéologie du regard médical</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a>, <time>1963</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> VI (« Des signes et des cas »), <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 87-105.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naissance+de+la+Clinique%2C+une+arch%C3%A9ologie+du+regard+m%C3%A9dical&rft.atitle=Des+signes+et+des+cas&rft.pub=PUF&rft.aulast=Foucault&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.date=1963&rft.pages=87-105.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASigne+clinique"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Maladie" title="Modèle:Palette Maladie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Maladie&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Maladie" title="Maladie">Maladie</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Classification</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li>Bénigne / Maligne</li> <li>Locale / Générale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maladie_aigu%C3%AB" title="Maladie aiguë">Aiguë</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maladie_chronique" title="Maladie chronique">Chronique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maladie_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Maladie génétique">Génétique</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maladie_cong%C3%A9nitale" title="Maladie congénitale">Congénitale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maladie_infectieuse" title="Maladie infectieuse">Infectieuse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maladie_d%C3%A9g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rative" title="Maladie dégénérative">Dégénérative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maladie_m%C3%A9tabolique" title="Maladie métabolique">Métabolique</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maladie_rare" title="Maladie rare">Rare</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maladie_infantile" title="Maladie infantile">Infantile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maladie_somatique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maladie somatique (page inexistante)">Somatique</a> / <a href="/wiki/Trouble_psychique" title="Trouble psychique">Psychique</a> / <a href="/wiki/Psychosomatique" title="Psychosomatique">Psychosomatique</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Caractéristiques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sympt%C3%B4me" title="Symptôme">Symptôme</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndrome" title="Syndrome">Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_(m%C3%A9decine)" title="Diagnostic (médecine)">Diagnostic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronostic_(m%C3%A9decine)" title="Pronostic (médecine)">Pronostic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traitement_(m%C3%A9decine)" title="Traitement (médecine)">Traitement</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Étapes</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_d%27incubation" title="Période d'incubation">Incubation</a></li> <li>Début</li> <li>État</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Devenir</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complication_(m%C3%A9decine)" title="Complication (médecine)">Complication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9quelle" title="Séquelle">Séquelle</a></li> <li>Récidive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9mission_(m%C3%A9decine)" title="Rémission (médecine)">Rémission</a></li> <li>Consolidation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9rison" title="Guérison">Guérison</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9decine" title="Portail de la médecine"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Star_of_life2.svg/24px-Star_of_life2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Star_of_life2.svg/36px-Star_of_life2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Star_of_life2.svg/48px-Star_of_life2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9decine" title="Portail:Médecine">Portail de la médecine</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Signe clinique</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>30 langues</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Ajouter un sujet</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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