CINXE.COM
Cape Breton University | The Canadian Encyclopedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="title" content="Cape Breton University"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cape Breton University"> <meta property="og:description" content="Cape Breton University, SYDNEY, NS, was first established as the University College of Cape Breton (UCCB) in 1974, by the amalgamation of the Sydney campus (Xav..."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/TCE_placeholder.png"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Cape Breton University"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Cape Breton University, SYDNEY, NS, was first established as the University College of Cape Breton (UCCB) in 1974, by the amalgamation of the Sydney campus (Xav..."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/TCE_placeholder.png"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script async> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NT3GRKD'); </script> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NT3GRKD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Push user ID --> <script> if (document.querySelector('.mainUserSubMenu') !== null) { dataLayer.push({ 'userID': '' }); } </script> <script> const Laravel = { csrfToken: "Ha9mE4nq5MIuYoX95TVPW9NxjMgcGImx2nHFbk8V", locale: "en" }; </script> <title>Cape Breton University | The Canadian Encyclopedia</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/manifest.json"> <meta name="description" content="Cape Breton University, SYDNEY, NS, was first established as the University College of Cape Breton (UCCB) in 1974, by the amalgamation of the Sydney campus (Xav..."> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=f22552fe571739798798bb695565903f"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-60x60.png?v=f417df6dda9ce41f908afc590778f94b"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-72x72.png?v=3af0c2e4ca8c973438f91f44e7a58d6c"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-76x76.png?v=41438835e152256cf9b311eb7eb116c0"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-precomposed.png?v=6d047b2f33e6b90d2af0b41ac01b0566"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon.png?v=6d047b2f33e6b90d2af0b41ac01b0566"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-114x114.png?v=91501eda47ce85d33e0feae1630a4e99"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-120x120.png?v=43adb2769c1827f1dda68db736544ec4"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-144x144.png?v=670a8df278b4101e8bf081d7b9ebb258"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-152x152.png?v=db581da4dde2d406e52a132691b14680"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-180x180.png?v=8d4920caa59ad54fb454f2cd80ebfc1c"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-192x192.png?v=6d047b2f33e6b90d2af0b41ac01b0566"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="36x36" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-36x36.png?v=3e9842d534281da81a0f4b4c81a17592"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-48x48.png?v=7eb74dc9409ece0737d81a8ba5841bf7"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-72x72.png?v=3af0c2e4ca8c973438f91f44e7a58d6c"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="36x36" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-36x36.png?v=3e9842d534281da81a0f4b4c81a17592"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="44x44" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-44x44.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png?v=a46206812744ada382bc23a1bc4f1357"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png?v=a46206812744ada382bc23a1bc4f1357"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png?v=ff43d9c7c67bb75a3d9a471a65e6724f"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/manifest.json?v=de0c530598b698ec2dbe765b440b7479"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/ms-icon-144x144.png')}}"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon.ico?v=45c5ae5e358dcde8acbbf3140859fb18" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon.ico?v=45c5ae5e358dcde8acbbf3140859fb18" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/universite-du-cap-breton"> <!-- preload fonts --> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/publico/Publico-Roman.ttf?v=da5cf4834925266e3fe9373d7c20987a" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/publico/Publico-Bold.ttf?v=3ad7881260304548a929a8add091efad" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/publico/Publico-Italic.ttf?v=a670bc7591f940131b96c1427a8bfcf9" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/publico/Publico-BoldItalic.ttf?v=1e6ee343e8f0d8d4784e7adaf55be5ed" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/avenir/Avenir-Roman.ttf?v=c4ed2390b8880049113ca6b174e5393e" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/avenir/Avenir-Heavy.ttf?v=6880b7f440fee3d3d23778d295fda4fc" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/avenir/Avenir-Oblique.ttf?v=b934234a7cf41ebc3b0ed646c856d94a" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/avenir/Avenir-HeavyOblique.ttf?v=86f5c8cc80dbc9fdac444dacf0798808" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <!-- end preload fonts --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/css/styles.css?v=dfe06457fc4a004b32f7df5d0ce5899f"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Trumbowyg/2.20.0/ui/trumbowyg.min.css"> <script> // Polyfill if IE11 var isIE11 = !!window.MSInputMethodContext && !!document.documentMode; if (isIE11) { document.write('<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js"><\/script>'); } if ('serviceWorker' in navigator ) { window.addEventListener('load', function() { navigator.serviceWorker.register('/service-worker.js').then(function(registration) { // Registration was successful console.log('ServiceWorker registration successful with scope: ', registration.scope); }, function(err) { // registration failed :( console.log('ServiceWorker registration failed: ', err); }); }); } </script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.2.4.min.js" integrity="sha256-BbhdlvQf/xTY9gja0Dq3HiwQF8LaCRTXxZKRutelT44=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> </head> <body id="body" data-lang="en" class="haveSidebar en "> <script> const Laravel = { csrfToken: "Ha9mE4nq5MIuYoX95TVPW9NxjMgcGImx2nHFbk8V", locale: "en" }; </script> <header id="header" class="header"> <nav class="nav" role="navigation"> <div class="nav-menu--top"> <div class="nav-logo--en"> <a aria-label="The Canadian Encyclopedia homepage" class="nav-logo__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en"> </a> </div> <button class="nav-icon--search js-search-tab" aria-label="Search in Canadian Encyclopedia"></button> <button id="nav-menu-toggle" class="nav-icon--hamburger-menu" aria-label="open main navigation"> <div class="icon-container"> <span class="top"></span> <span class="middle"></span> <span class="bottom"></span> </div> </button> </div> <div id="nav-mid" class="nav-menu--mid"> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> topics </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--topics dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <section id="People" class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <div class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people" aria-label="Browse topic: People"> People </a> <button class="sub-menu__button dropdown-toggler accordion-toggler" aria-label="expand section People"> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="sub-menu nested dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> </ul> </section> <section id="Places" class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <div class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places" aria-label="Browse topic: Places"> Places </a> <button class="sub-menu__button dropdown-toggler accordion-toggler" aria-label="expand section Places"> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="sub-menu nested dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> </ul> </section> <section id="Things" class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <div class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things" aria-label="Browse topic: Things"> Things </a> <button class="sub-menu__button dropdown-toggler accordion-toggler" aria-label="expand section Things"> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="sub-menu nested dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Collections </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/collections"> All Collections </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/the-memory-project"> The Memory Project </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/cdc"> Canada During Covid </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x479/MemoryProject/TCECollectionArchiveCollage-2.png" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x479/MemoryProject/TCECollectionArchiveCollage-2.png" alt="" /> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/collection/the-memory-project-archive-collection" class="sub-menu__image__link"> Explore the The Memory Project Archive collection <span class="link-arrow"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Educators </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/educators#education-guides"> Education Guides </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/educators#primary-sources"> Primary Sources </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/educators#interactive-resources"> Interactive Resources </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship"> The Challenge </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/cc_43.png" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/cc_43.png" alt="" /> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/collection/citizenship" class="sub-menu__image__link"> Explore the Citizenship Challenge collection <span class="link-arrow"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Timelines </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines"> All Timelines </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/people"> People </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/places"> Places </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/things"> Things </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/media/49936680-e046-4501-8593-85b8bc94d071.jpg" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/media/49936680-e046-4501-8593-85b8bc94d071.jpg" alt=""/> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/lgbtq2" class="sub-menu__image__link">Explore the 2SLGBTQ+ History timeline <span class="link-arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Quizzes </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quizzes"> Quizzes </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship"> The Challenge </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/can_quiz.png" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/can_quiz.png" alt=""/> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/timeline" class="sub-menu__image__link">Timeline <span class="link-arrow"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <button class="nav-icon--search js-search-tab" aria-label="Search in Canadian Encyclopedia"></button> </div> <ul id="nav-low" class="nav-menu--low"> <li class="nav-menu--low__item"> <a class="articleNavPopupEvent btn-login nav-link" href="#" data-target="popup-login" data-toggle="modal" aria-haspopup="dialog"> Sign in </a> </li> <li class="nav-menu--low__item"> <a class="nav-link help-btn" href="/en/about/faq" id="nav-help"> <i class="i-help"></i>Help </a> </li> <li class="nav-menu--low__item--btn"> <a class="b b-sm b-monochrome b-icon-heart" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/donate" target="_blank"> Donate </a> </li> <li class="nav-menu--low__item--lang-toggle"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/universite-du-cap-breton" aria-label="Toggle site language">fr</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </header> <div id="search" class="searchContainer" > <div class="searchPanel"> <div class="searchPanel-head"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/logo-tce.svg?v=96550f8de20f4537bc4ad37b01dff7f1" alt="The Canadian Encyclopedia"> <h2 class="searchPanel-title">Search The Canadian Encyclopedia</h2> </div> <div class="searchPanel-input-wrap"> <form id="form-search" name="form-search" method="get" data-action="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/search"> <input data-getsearchroute="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/json/search" name="query" type="text" class="input-search input-xl input-fullSpan searchPanel-input" id="inputSearch" /> <button class="searchPanel-searchBtn"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-search.svg?v=a1e99ea3dd07831352832b022428584e" alt="Search"> </button> <button class="searchPanel-exit"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-exit.svg?v=2601c4155c28e62e1eb2ebc7de9bd1ee" alt="Exit search"> </button> </form> <ul class="search-results"> </ul> </div> <p aria-hidden="true" role="alert" class="searchPanel-errorMsg">Enter your search term</p> <div></div> </div> </div> <div id="popup-login" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-connect"> <h2 class="popup-title">Login</h2> <form method="POST" action="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/members" accept-charset="UTF-8" id="tceLogin" class="form"><input name="_token" type="hidden" value="Ha9mE4nq5MIuYoX95TVPW9NxjMgcGImx2nHFbk8V"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-login-email form-control input input-fullSpan" placeholder="Email" name="email" type="email" value=""> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope form-control-feedback"></span> </div> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-login-password form-control form-password input input-fullSpan" placeholder="Password" name="password" type="password" value=""> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope form-control-feedback"></span> </div> </div> <div class="js-login-error error"></div> <div class="popup-login-option"> <div class="popup-helpers-container"> <div class="form-remember"> <input name="remember_me" type="checkbox" value="1"> <label for="remember_me">Remember me</label> </div> <div class="form-forgot-pass"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/auth/password/reset" class="b-link">I forgot my password</a><br> </div> </div> <input class="b b-md b-invert btn-login-submit" type="submit" value="Submit"> <p class="text-line">or</p> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/auth/facebook" class="btn btn-facebook"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-facebook-white.svg?v=3decbb62f20c49bf2a86d220cbf213d8" alt="Share on Facebook" title="Share on Facebook"> Login With Facebook</a> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/auth/twitter" class="btn btn-twitter"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-twitter-x-white.svg?v=762dd4e2da316070386a19085588add2" alt="Share on X" title="Share on X"> Login With X</a> </div> </form> </div> <div class="popup-body login-popup-body"> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> <h3>Why sign up?</h3> <p>Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map.</p> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/members/register" class="b b-md b-primary">Create Account </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebarGrid"> <div class="sidebarContainerDesktop"> <aside class="sb-anchor sb-articles"> <sidebar sb-header="Content" sb-subtitle-show="true"> <div class="sb-group-name sb-article-index">Index</div> <div class="sb-hidden-anchor"></div> <div class="sb-group-name">Resources</div> <div class="sb-subcat sb-group"> <div class="sb-tab sb-tab--separator"><a href="#recommended">Recommended</a></div> </div> </sidebar> </aside> </div> <div class="content-container-desktop"> <input class="js-picture-information" type="hidden" value="[{"filename":"94cb2fa5-4e5f-4b6e-b4a2-ae8eeca75b3e","title":null,"alt":null,"source":null,"creator":null,"caption":null},{"filename":"9524deb8-3f7a-4761-bca7-cdcd8ead337f","title":null,"alt":null,"source":null,"creator":null,"caption":null},{"filename":"b2376828-ddf6-49df-aaf4-8ae947b2e17d","title":null,"alt":null,"source":null,"creator":null,"caption":null},{"filename":"b3a87020-1b20-48e0-bb19-eb8709ddfdf8","title":null,"alt":null,"source":null,"creator":null,"caption":null},{"filename":"c0e2148b-91cc-4dc6-8561-eaeda8971e13","title":null,"alt":null,"source":null,"creator":null,"caption":null}]"> <main class="main-grid"> <article class="article main-grid__content"> <input type="hidden" id="isUserLogin" name="loginuser" value=""> <aside id="articlewidgets" class="article-widgets"> <input type="checkbox" class="menu-open" name="menu-open" id="menu-open"/> <label class="widget-open-button" for="menu-open"> <span class="dot--1"></span> <span class="dot--2"></span> <span class="dot--3"></span> </label> <button data-target="popup-citation" data-toggle="modal" class="widget-item articleNavPopupEvent"> <div class="widget-item__icon--citation"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Citation</span> </button> <button data-toggle="modal" class="widget-item articleNavPopupEvent js-edit-submit"> <div class="widget-item__icon--edit"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Suggest an Edit</span> </button> <button data-target="popup-translation" data-toggle="modal" class="widget-item articleNavPopupEvent js-translation"> <div class="widget-item__icon--translate"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Request Translation</span> </button> <button id="popup-translation__original" class="widget-item hide-widget"> <div class="widget-item__icon--revert"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Revert to original</span> </button> </aside> <div id="popup-translation" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <div role="heading">Request a Translation</div> <div> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> </div> </div> <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="'6LeIWwglAAAAANriZBXJ8HgScx2u6jGAx0gY0GKm'" data-callback="onSubmit" data-size="invisible"> </div> <div class="popup-body"> <div id="translation-language-picker"> <translation-select recaptcha-site-key="6LeIWwglAAAAANriZBXJ8HgScx2u6jGAx0gY0GKm" slug=cape-breton-university locale=en></translation-select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="translation-rating-snackbar"> <translation-rating show-rating=0 slug=cape-breton-university></translation-rating> </div> <div id="popup-edit" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <div>Suggest an Edit</div> <div> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> </div> </div> <div class="popup-body"> <div class="contact-form edit-form"> <div class="form-error-list"> <ul></ul> </div> <form method="POST" action="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/submitArticle" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form form-submit-edit form-main"><input name="_token" type="hidden" value="Ha9mE4nq5MIuYoX95TVPW9NxjMgcGImx2nHFbk8V"> <input name="aid" type="hidden" value="83351"> <input name="edit" type="hidden" value="true"> <div class="input-group "> <label for="description">Enter your suggested edit(s) to this article in the form field below</label> <textarea id="text-editor" class="form-control input input-fullSpan" placeholder="Write your message here..." name="description" cols="50" rows="10"></textarea> </div> <div class="btn-container"> <div> <input class="disabled js-submitedit-submit b b-md b-invert" type="submit" value="Submit"> </div> <div> <a href="#" data-dismiss="modal" class="js-popup-close b-link">Cancel</a> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="popup-citation" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <div> Citation </div> <div> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> </div> </div> <div class="popup-body"> <ul class="list"> <li> <ul class="citation-reference"> <input id="copy1" type="text" value="MLA 8TH EDITION | . "Cape Breton University". <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>, 04 March 2015, <em>Historica Canada</em>. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university. Accessed 11 December 2024."> <li class="title">MLA 8TH EDITION</li> <li class="description">. "Cape Breton University". <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>, 04 March 2015, <em>Historica Canada</em>. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university. Accessed 11 December 2024.</li> <li class="link"><a data-text=". "Cape Breton University". <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>, 04 March 2015, <em>Historica Canada</em>. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university. Accessed 11 December 2024." href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <ul class="citation-reference"> <input id="copy2" type="text" value="APA 6TH EDITION | (2015). Cape Breton University. In <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university"> <li class="title">APA 6TH EDITION</li> <li class="description"> (2015). Cape Breton University. In <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university</li> <li class="link"><a data-text=" (2015). Cape Breton University. In <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university" href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <ul class="citation-reference"> <input id="copy3" type="text" value="CHICAGO 17TH EDITION | . "Cape Breton University." <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>. Historica Canada. Article published March 27, 2013; Last Edited March 04, 2015."> <li class="title">CHICAGO 17TH EDITION</li> <li class="description">. "Cape Breton University." <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>. Historica Canada. Article published March 27, 2013; Last Edited March 04, 2015.</li> <li class="link"><a data-text=". "Cape Breton University." <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>. Historica Canada. Article published March 27, 2013; Last Edited March 04, 2015." href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <ul class="citation-reference"> <input id="copy4" type="text" value="TURABIAN 8TH EDITION | <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>, s.v. "Cape Breton University," by , Accessed December 11, 2024, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university"> <li class="title">TURABIAN 8TH EDITION</li> <li class="description"><em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>, s.v. "Cape Breton University," by , Accessed December 11, 2024, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university</li> <li class="link"><a data-text="<em>The Canadian Encyclopedia</em>, s.v. "Cape Breton University," by , Accessed December 11, 2024, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university" href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="popup-share" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <div>Share</div> <div> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> </div> </div> <div class="popup-body"> <ul class="list"> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university" target="_blank"><img class="popup-share-facebook" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-facebook.svg?v=7fb8b09ec62e4de8848271514745bd2a" alt="Share on Facebook" title="Share on Facebook"> Share on Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-twitter-x.svg?v=deacd0b3626a2053dbdc3843f1e13d44" alt="Share on X" title="Share on X"> Share on X</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:?body=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-email.svg?v=c763267e8d2e1fab14f745261b8a8c7a" alt="Share by Email" title="Share by Email"> Share by Email</a></li> <li class="share-classroom"><a target="_blank" href="https://classroom.google.com/share?url='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university'" > <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-google.svg?v=657db3c0413ddd5da4c7a6ee570546f7" alt="Share on Google Classroom" title="Share on Google Classroom" style="filter: grayscale(100%);"> Share on Google Classroom </a> <g:sharetoclassroom url="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cape-breton-university" size="20"></g:sharetoclassroom> </li> <div id="widget-div"></div> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="popup-thankyou" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-body"> <div class="contact-form feedback-form"> <h2>Thank you for your submission</h2> <p>Our team will be reviewing your submission <br/>and get back to you with any further questions.</p> <p>Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia.</p> <a href="#" data-dismiss="modal" class="js-popup-close b-link">Close</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-heading"> <p class="article-heading__type">Article</p> <h1 id="article-title" class="article-heading__title">Cape Breton University</h1> </div> <div class="article-info" > <div class="article-info__column"> <p class="info-text">Published Online <span class="info-text__value--date"> March 27, 2013 </span> </p> <p class="info-text">Last Edited <span class="info-text__value--date"> March 4, 2015 </span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="article-toolbar"> <button data-target="popup-share" data-toggle="modal" class="article-toolbar__item articleNavPopupEvent"> <div class="article-toolbar__item__icon--share"></div> <span class="article-toolbar__item__title">Share</span> </button> <button id="js-print" class="article-toolbar__item"> <div class="article-toolbar__item__icon--print"></div> <span class="article-toolbar__item__title">Print</span> </button> </div> <div class="article-content"> <div class="article-content__summary"> Cape Breton University, SYDNEY, NS, was first established as the University College of Cape Breton (UCCB) in 1974, by the amalgamation of the Sydney campus (Xavier Junior College) of ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIVERSITY (established 1951) with the Nova Scotia Eastern Institute of Technology (founded 1968). </div> <div class="article-content-body"> <div id="article-content-def"> <div class="slider"><div class="bxslider"><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/thumbnails/9524deb8-3f7a-4761-bca7-cdcd8ead337f.jpg" title='CBU Harriss Hall' alt='CBU Harriss Hall' /><figcaption>(Courtesy Cape Breton University).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/thumbnails/b3a87020-1b20-48e0-bb19-eb8709ddfdf8.jpg" title='CBU Hands-on Learning' alt='CBU Hands-on Learning' /><figcaption>(Courtesy Cape Breton University).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/thumbnails/c0e2148b-91cc-4dc6-8561-eaeda8971e13.jpg" title='CBU Services' alt='CBU Services' /><figcaption>(Courtesy Cape Breton University).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/thumbnails/94cb2fa5-4e5f-4b6e-b4a2-ae8eeca75b3e.jpg" title='CAPERS' fans' alt='CAPERS' fans' /><figcaption>(Courtesy Cape Breton University).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/thumbnails/b2376828-ddf6-49df-aaf4-8ae947b2e17d.jpg" title='CBU Aerial View' alt='CBU Aerial View' /><figcaption>(Courtesy Cape Breton University).</figcaption></div></div><div class='bxslider-controls'><a href='#' class='bx-prev'>Previous</a><a href='#' class='bx-next'>Next</a></div></div> Cape Breton University, <a href="/article/sydney/">SYDNEY</a>, NS, was first established as the University College of Cape Breton (UCCB) in 1974, by the amalgamation of the Sydney campus (Xavier Junior College) of <a href="/article/st-francis-xavier-university/">ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIVERSITY</a> (established 1951) with the Nova Scotia Eastern Institute of Technology (founded 1968). UCCB was the first <a href="/article/university-college/">university college</a> in Canada; it offered the liberal arts and science disciplines of most universities alongside the technological and trades traditions featured at colleges. Degree-granting status was obtained in 1982 and the Cape Breton University Act was passed a few years later, in 1989. In 2005, the Board of Governors approved the school`s name change to Cape Breton University. <p> CBU works with the community and is committed to fostering both technological and theoretical learning. Liberal arts, business administration and science degrees, extensive continuing education programs, and diplomas in engineering, applied arts and technology are offered, on campus and through online education. In the late 1990s the university added the Student, Culture and Heritage Centre and the Tourism and Hospitality Centre's food education laboratories to its existing structure. During this time, CBU also began offering its first post-graduate degree—an MBA (Community Economic Development). Culture is an important component of the university and in the fall of 2006, CBU introduced the Centre for Cape Breton Studies. Offerings in <a href="/article/cabbagetown/">Ethnomusicology</a> and <a href="/article/folklore/">Folklore</a> are complemented by such facilities as the Beaton Institute which is renowned as Cape Breton’s cultural archive. The university also features an impressive art gallery that houses a permanent collection. </p> <p> CBU is known for the best of applied learning, practiced through programs such as the Bachelor of Arts Community Studies degree. This process-oriented program emphasizes real world problem-solving, self-directed learning, critical analysis and community-based skills. Another example of applied learning is through CBU’s Master of Business Administration in Community Economic Development (MBA CED) degree in Peace-Building, Reconstruction and Good Governance Option, offered in partnership with the <a href="/article/department-of-national-defence/">DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE</a>. Research and development opportunities on campus and in the field put some of CBU’s expert researchers in direct contact with undergraduate students, providing them with research projects generally only available to graduate students. </p> <p> Cape Breton University is a Canadian leader in Aboriginal post-secondary education and works closely with First Nation communities. CBU's Unama'ki College promotes excellence in Aboriginal post-secondary education, research and scholarship with a focus on meeting the post-secondary needs of Aboriginal students worldwide. More than 500 Aboriginal graduates hold degrees in a variety of academic disciplines. </p> <p> CBU is currently home to more than 3400 students, including 1000 international students from nearly 30 countries. CBU’s international student base is growing and international partnerships continue to develop in such areas as China and Egypt. For example CBU’s partnership campus, the Canadian International College (CIC) Cairo campus in Egypt, which officially opened in September 2004, has been a success. Through this partnership, CIC students can complete their four-year CBU degree at the Cairo campus or have the opportunity of transferring to CBU at any time during their program. </p> <p> The CBU CAPERS five varsity teams – Men’s and Women’s Soccer, Men’s and Women’s Basketball, and Women’s Volleyball – are among the strongest teams in the country. In 2007, the CAPERS Women’s Soccer team captured their first Gladys Bean Memorial Trophy as Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) women’s soccer champions. It was an especially proud moment since it was also the first time CBU hosted a national championship and marks the first CIS title in any sport for the university. The CAPERS also hold a number of Atlantic University Sport banners. Players come from all over Canada, the US and beyond to study at CBU and be a CAPER. </p> <p> The CBU alumni family counts more than 17 000 members living in more than 80 countries around the world. CBU’s motto is Theid Dichioll Air Thoiseach (in Gaelic), which translates as “Perseverance will Triumph.” Its colours are orange, green and white. </p> </div> </div> <div id="def" class="article-content-body hide"></div> </div> <div id="article-definitions"> <definitions route="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/json/define" id="cape-breton-university"></definitions> </div> <div class="article-widget widget-adsense"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:468px;height:60px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3964766461879185" data-ad-slot="1946780682"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </article> </main> <div id="modal-overlay" class="overlay"></div> <div id="article-image" class="article-img-modal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="article-modal-title"> <button class="article-img-modal__close" aria-label="close image modal"></button> <div id="js-article-modal-image" class="article-img-modal__container"> <div class="image-container"> <img class="article-img-modal__img" src="" alt=""> </div> <div class="text-container"> <span role="heading" aria-level="3" id="article-modal-title" class="article-img-modal__title"></span> <span class="article-img-modal__description"></span> <span class="article-img-modal__creator"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-grid article-related"> <div class="article-related-two-column main-grid__content--wide"> <h3 class="article-related-two-column__title">External Links</h3> <ul class="article-related-two-column__list"> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://www.cbu.ca/"><strong>Cape Breton University</strong>The official website for Cape Breton University.</a> </p></li> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://www.universityaffairs.ca/"><strong>University Affairs</strong>The University Affairs magazine takes you inside Canada's universities with the latest news, people on the move, book reviews, provocative opinion, research highlights and in-depth articles on a wide range of topics of interest to faculty, administrators and graduate students.</a> </p></li> </ul> </div> <!-- Related Collections --> <!-- Related Articles --> <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 id="recommended" class="callouts-layout__title">Recommended</h3> <div class="callouts-layout__grid"> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/universite-du-quebec-a-rimouski-uqar" > Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR) </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/media/72d11e7f-c468-43ca-862a-343f783dd862.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="UQAR Rimouski" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/st-francis-xavier-university" > St Francis Xavier University </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" alt="" class="image-container__image" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/universite-de-sherbrooke" > Université de Sherbrooke </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/media/355ead6c-2a1f-431f-99dd-609fe245cdf7.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="University of Sherbrooke" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="donation_banner" class="donation-banner"> <button id="donation-banner-expand-btn" class="donation-banner__expand-btn" aria-label="expand donation banner window"> </button> <div class="donation-banner__container"> <div class="text-container"> <h3 class="text-container__title">Flag Day Contest</h3> <div class="text-container__text"><p class="MsoNormal">Celebrate the 60th anniversary of the national flag by taking our Flag Day quiz and be entered into a draw for a chance to win a flag from the Peace Tower in Ottawa for your school!<span lang="EN-CA"></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p></div> </div> <a class="b-invert solid b-sm donation-banner__button" href="/en/article/flag-day-contest"> Take the quiz </a> </div> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div class="full-width footer-first-part"> <div class="wrap--narrow"> <div class="footer-information grid--col2"> <div class="divider"> <h6>Updates? Omissions? Article suggestions?</h6> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contact" class="b b-md b-primary">We want to hear from you</a> </div> <div> <h6>Did you like your experience?</h6> <a href="https://www.cognitoforms.com/HistoricaCanada1/TheCanadianEncyclopediaUserSurvey" target="_blank" class="b b-md b-primary">Take our survey</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="full-width full-width-grey footer-second-part"> <div class="wrap--narrow footer-sub-first"> <div class="footer-utilities grid--col3"> <div class="randomize-12"> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>62 418</b> images</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>25 532</b> articles</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>64</b> collections</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>4 172</b> primary sources</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>47</b> quizzes</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>73</b> timelines</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>83</b> studyguides</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>5 169</b> authors</div> </div> <div class="divider uppercase text-xsmall footer-social "></div> <div class="uppercase footer-social"> <span>Follow us elsewhere</span> <ul> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/HistoricaCanada" class="footer-social-twitter" target="_blank"><i class="i i-invert i-twitter"></i>Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/TheCanadianEncyclopedia" class="footer-social-facebook" target="_blank"><i class="i i-invert i-facebook"></i>Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtagGjDO8X1rBROhmSQXZsA" class="footer-social-youtube" target="_blank"><i class="i i-invert i-youtube"></i>Youtube</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrap--narrow container-grey top-divider-footerlinks footer-sub-second"> <div class="footer-link"> <ul class="list list-inline list-background-invert"> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contributors">Contribute</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/privacy-policy">privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/pdf/en/aoda_2023.pdf?v=77bccd03de4270ae1fbba4cea45a2197">accessibility</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="wrap--narrow container-grey top-divider footer-sub-third"> <div class="footer-sitemap grid--col12"> <div class="footer-copyright"> <a href="/en/copyright">The Canadian Encyclopedia © 2024 <span class="copyright-separator-spacing">|</span> Historica Canada</a> </div> <div class="footer-canada-logos"> <ul> <li tabindex="0" class="footer-image-submenu"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/historica-canada-logo.png?v=d8609094fb353837d01f458c7a6f905b" alt="Historica Canada" title="Historica Canada" loading="lazy"> <ul class="external_links"> <li><a href="https://www.historicacanada.ca/" target="_blank">Historica Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship" target="_blank">Citizenship challenge</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historicacanada.ca/heritageminutes" target="_blank">Heritage minutes</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.thememoryproject.com/" target="_blank">The memory project</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.canada.ca/en.html" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/gov-canada.svg?v=fdda8701f4d83ce99144e160774c2965" alt="Funding by the gouvernment of Canada" title="Funding by the gouvernment of Canada" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="highlight-menu" style="display:none;"> <a href="#">Suggest an Edit</a> <div class="caret"></div> </div> <div id="overlayPopup"></div> <div id="definitionOverlayPopup"></div> <div id="overlay"></div> <div class="fullpageLoader"> <svg class="circular-loader" viewBox="25 25 50 50"> <circle class="loader-path" cx="50" cy="50" r="20" fill="none" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="4" /> </svg> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/manifest.js?v=069add80cc340895762d04c204a6279a"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/vendor.js?v=bad4c73f65ec1c7706543fa4a9ea4830"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/app.js?v=efc40233a3006944c927943e0b78a15c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/layout.js?v=beaebd25c9a5059050695d1edaf766de"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/header.js?v=0f5282ae68faac0876d903520ed53611"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/event-bus.js?v=5e4c1d3e6f42f0c3e6c9410dd9164894"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/image-scale.js?v=9c719b6e3da705632a5f6afd99100d6d"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Trumbowyg/2.20.0/trumbowyg.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LeIWwglAAAAANriZBXJ8HgScx2u6jGAx0gY0GKm"></script> <script src="https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js" async defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/article.js?v=5436bd4ddb2e9afd7ac819d7ed95d6e8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/translation.js?v=694d78b706853203a3de1c9b007c3be7"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Don't have choice to let this here to use blade helper //======== Send Edit form in a Ajax Call ======== $("form.form-submit-edit").submit(function(e){ var form = $(this); var url = form.attr('action'); var articleID = $('#articleID').val(); $('.form-error-list ul').empty(); $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: url, data: form.serialize(), // serializes the form's elements. success: function(data){ // Trigger Close Popup // Show Thank You Popup + Overlay $('#popup-edit .popup-close').trigger('click'); $('#popup-thankyou').addClass('open'); $('#overlayPopup').show(); // location.reload(); }, error: function(data) { var getErrors = data.responseJSON.errors; var errorObj = $.parseJSON(getErrors); $.each(errorObj, function () { var createErrorList = '<li>'+this+'</li>'; $('.form-error-list ul').append(createErrorList); }); } }); e.preventDefault(); // avoid to execute the actual submit of the form. }); </script> <script src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/media-player.js?v=571102e600ceecdf630151dbfdc883e5"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/definitions.js?v=b992214c955858530020661fed1a9b67"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/lazyload.min.js?v=c1238b309b71a0d2a1f46179635b599d"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/paginations.js?v=fbbb77b479f48e1f870faff81106eb7d"></script> <script src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/jquery.bxslider.min.js?v=9069c36e9a5887c056cc2ce20af7e3c7"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/sidebar.js?v=055046a71e350608040bcb584ac4ae68"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/article.js?v=5436bd4ddb2e9afd7ac819d7ed95d6e8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/article-ads.js?v=00da714bab3cde87b6d8ce0fb07a472c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/search.js?v=c7c70246f5f7881af57df6d9ed1d3e16"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/donation-banner.js?v=d9a681f527dbaced47c1dfb6ae28a4ef"></script> </body> </html>