CINXE.COM

All Resource articles | RSC Education

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/Magazine/core.css?p=7513768184411900"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="/Magazine/core.js?p=7513768184411900"> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start for edu.rsc.org --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/consent/f013b414-d5e1-4738-9c99-993a91ab87c6/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="f013b414-d5e1-4738-9c99-993a91ab87c6"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { otShowCookieFooter(); if (otCookieCheck("Targeting")) { OneTrust.InsertScript("https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js", "head", null, null, "4"); } else { OneTrust.InsertScript("https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/js/gpt.js", "head", null, null, "1"); } } </script> <!-- Disable OneTrust cookie prompt on embedded AD pages --> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.location.href.indexOf("/account/MyAccountNavigationIFrame.aspx") !== -1) { document.write("<style>#onetrust-consent-sdk { display: none }</style>"); } </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end for edu.rsc.org --> <title>All Resource articles | RSC Education</title> <meta name="description" content="All Resource articles in RSC Education" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="momentnowdate" content="2024-11-27 12:35:37.220"/> <meta name="momentlocale" content="en-gb"/> <meta name="momentlocaleformat" content="D MMMM YYYY"/> <meta name="momentrelative" content="false"/> <meta name="momentrelativeformat" content="YYYY,MM,DD"/> <meta name="momentrelativemorethan" content="10"/> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <meta name="blockthis" content="blockGA" /> <meta name="showwallpaper" content="true" /> <meta name="navcode" content="101762" /> <meta name="primarynavigation" content="Home" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="RSC Education" /> <meta property="og:title" content="All Resource articles | RSC Education"/> <meta property="og:description" content="All Resource articles in RSC Education" /> <meta property="twitter:title" content="All Resource articles | RSC Education"/> <meta property="twitter:description" content="All Resource articles in RSC Education"/> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="536" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1024x536/P/web/x/p/o/shutterstock_709801810-teacher-students-lab-classroom-model.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Group of students with a teacher in a school laboratory and classroom" /> <meta property="twitter:image:src" content="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1024x536/P/web/x/p/o/shutterstock_709801810-teacher-students-lab-classroom-model.jpg" /> <meta property="twitter:image:alt" content="Group of students with a teacher in a school laboratory and classroom" /> <link rel="icon" href="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <!--[if IE]><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/favicon.ico" /><![endif]--> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/mstile-144x144.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff" /> <link href="/Magazine/core.css?p=7513768184411900" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="/Magazine/print.css?p=7513768184411900" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print"> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha256-CSXorXvZcTkaix6Yvo6HppcZGetbYMGWSFlBw8HfCJo=" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script>var newLang={"more":{"default":"Show more","searchtype":"Show more","searchdates":"Show more"},"less":{"default":"Show fewer","searchtype":"Show fewer","searchdates":"Show fewer"},"show":{"default":"show"},"hide":{"default":"hide"},"caption":{"show":"show caption","hide":"hide caption"},"carousel":{"play":"play slideshow","pause":"pause slideshow"}};</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var IPState = { useripstate: false, useripname: '' }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({'StoryID':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFormatProperty':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryCategories':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryLayout':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryWidth':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryLayoutCode':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFormatCode':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryTypeCode':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryCategoriesCodes':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFullNavPath':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'UserID':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'NavCode':'101762'}); window.dataLayer.push({'MicrositeNavCode':'-1'}); window.dataLayer.push({'NavKey':'100002'}); window.dataLayer.push({'NavigationAreaNavCode':'101762'}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer.push({'UserStateLoggedIn':'False'}); window.dataLayer.push({'FullNavPath':'|100001|101762|'}); // For RSC use window.dataLayer.push({'LoggedIn':'False'}); window.dataLayer.push({'AccessStatus':'Granted'}); window.dataLayer.push({'Template':'Type_list'}); window.dataLayer.push({'Format':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryType':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'PrimaryNavCurrent':'Home'}); window.dataLayer.push({ 'CategoriesCodes':undefined, 'event': 'category_push' }); window.dataLayer.push({'Tags':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Bylines':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'PublishDate':undefined}); // Exclude categories if StoryCategories contains |Exclude from most popular| if (window.dataLayer.filter(function(x) {return x['StoryCategories'];})[0].StoryCategories.indexOf("|Exclude from most popular|")!= -1) { window.dataLayer.push({"StoryCategoriesExclude":"|Exclude from most popular|"}); } else { window.dataLayer.push({"StoryCategoriesExclude":"null"}); } window.dataLayer.push({'grecaptcha':'6LdF8vonAAAAAD7o_GFdZx7ScY1_ggHdHUmijbXX'}); </script> <!-- Global_CSS Head pagetext--> <link href="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/webfonts/fonts.css?cache=20190604" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Bree+Serif&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- RSC overrides --> <style> /*RSCCS-703 : Enhanced ads spacing on empty placholders*/ .storytext div:empty { display: none; } /* Access denied li font size fix */ .accessContainer .accessMessage .middleBlock ol li, .accessContainer .accessMessage .middleBlock ul li { font-size: 1rem; } /* RSC OneTrust styles */ .rsc-onetrust-cookie-policy { background-color: #FFFFFF; } .rsc-onetrust-cookie-policy #ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings { background-color: #f3e500 !important; border: 0 !important; color: #000 !important; font-size: 0.889rem !important; line-height: 1.802rem !important; } .rsc-onetrust-cookie-policy #ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings:hover { background-color: #fcf800 !important; } .rsc-onetrust-cookie-policy a { color: #147098 !important; text-decoration: none !important; } .rsc-onetrust-cookie-policy a:hover { color: #004976 !important; text-decoration: underline !important; } .ot-settings-btn-container { margin-bottom: 30px; } .rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer { background-color: #252729; padding: 1em; padding-bottom: 2em; color: #E5E5E5; text-align: center; font-size: 0.9em; } .rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer a { color: #78D9EA; } .rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer a:focus, .rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer a:hover { color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: underline; } /* EDU OneTrust overrides */ #onetrust-pc-sdk button { text-transform: uppercase !important; } #onetrust-banner-sdk.ot-iab-2 #onetrust-policy { height: 250px; overflow-y: scroll; } #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-policy-title { font-size: 1rem !important; } #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-policy-text { font-size: 0.889rem !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-pc-sdk button:not(#clear-filters-handler):not(.ot-close-icon):not(#filter-btn-handler):not(.ot-remove-objection-handler):not(.ot-obj-leg-btn-handler):not([aria-expanded]):not(.ot-link-btn), #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-pc-sdk .ot-leg-btn-container .ot-active-leg-btn, #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-accept-btn-handler, #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-reject-all-handler { background-color: #f3e500 !important; border-color: #f3e500 !important; color: #000 !important; border-radius: 5px !important; } #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-accept-btn-handler { text-transform: uppercase !important; font-size: .889rem !important; font-weight: 700 !important; letter-spacing: 0 !important; } #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-reject-all-handler { text-transform: uppercase !important; font-size: .889rem !important; font-weight: 700 !important; letter-spacing: 0 !important; } #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-pc-btn-handler { font-size: .889rem !important; font-weight: 700 !important; text-decoration: none !important; letter-spacing: 0 !important; } #onetrust-pc-sdk .ot-vs-list .ot-always-active, #onetrust-pc-sdk .ot-cat-grp .ot-always-active { color: #147098 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-banner-sdk :not(.ot-dpd-desc)>.ot-b-addl-desc { font-size: 0.9rem; margin-bottom: 0; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-banner-sdk .ot-dpd-title, #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-banner-sdk .ot-b-addl-desc h3 { font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1rem; font-weight: 600; padding-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0.6rem; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-banner-sdk.ot-iab-2 #onetrust-policy-text, #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-banner-sdk .ot-dpd-desc { font-size: 0.8rem !important; line-height: 1.2rem; } #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-pc-btn-handler { text-decoration: underline !important; text-transform: uppercase !important; font-weight: normal !important; } .ot-embed-overlayed { position: relative; } .ot-embed-overlay { z-index: 1; position: absolute; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); top: 0; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; font-family: Source Sans Pro,sans-serif; flex-direction: column; } .ot-embed-container { background-color: #fff; padding: 1rem; width: 75%; max-width: 425px; border: 1px solid #222; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 20%), 0 6px 20px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 19%); } .ot-embed-container div { display: flex; justify-content: space-evenly; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; } .ot-embed-container p { font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; font-style: normal; } .ot-embed-container p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; color: #147098; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .tiktok-embed .ot-embed-button { text-transform: uppercase; } .edu-eb-container, div[id^="eventbrite-widget-container"] { height: 790px; background-image: url("https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/600xAny/P/web/u/l/g/eventbritepreviewimageblur_328339.png"); background-size: contain; background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } .eb-cookie-btn { margin-right: 3px; } .eb-booking-btn { margin-left: 3px; background-color: #fff; border: 2px solid #f3e500; padding: 5px 14px; transition: all .25s ease-in; } .eb-booking-btn:hover, .eb-booking-btn:active { border-color: #fcf800; } @media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .ot-embed-overlay p { font-size: .889rem; line-height: 1.1rem; } .eb-cookie-btn, .eb-booking-btn { margin: 0; } .eb-cookie-btn { margin-bottom: 6px; } } /* Sustainable development goal (SDG) resource fact files */ .sdgMobile { display: inline-block; width: 100%; padding-bottom: 10px; } .sdgMobile img { float: left; width: 15%; } .sdgTable { display: table; } .sdgTableRow { display: table-row; } .sdgTableCell { display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; } .sdgTableCell p { margin-bottom: 20px; } .sdgTableImg { display: table-cell; padding: 0px 20px 20px 0px; width: 140px; vertical-align: middle; } /* Hide on mobile devices */ @media only screen and (max-device-width: 767px) { .sdgTableImg { display: none; } } /* Only show on mobile devices */ @media only screen and (min-device-width: 768px) { .sdgMobile { display: none; } } /* Multiple buttons in media containers */ .media-container li .button { margin-top:5px; } /* Lists inside media containers */ .media-container ul.mc-inner-list { list-style: disc; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0 0 16px 20px; } .mc-inner-list li { display: list-item; border: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0 !important; padding-bottom: 0 !important; font-size: 1.125rem !important; line-height: 1.802rem !important; } /* Simple newsletter signup 'widget' */ .nl-signup-container .ad-story-inline { width: 100%; margin: 0; } .edu-nl-signup { padding-bottom: 0!important; margin-bottom: 28px; } .edu-nl-teaser p { margin-bottom: 16px; } .nl-signup-std { color: #fff; border: none; background: rgb(0,47,86); background: linear-gradient(144deg, rgba(0,47,86,1) 0%, rgba(72,169,197,1) 100%); } .nl-signup-eic { color: #fff; border: none; background: rgb(153,30,102); background: linear-gradient(128deg, rgba(153,30,102,1) 0%, rgba(218,24,132,1) 100%); } .nl-signup-sis { color: #fff; border: none !important; background: rgb(122,17,71) !important; background: linear-gradient(144deg, rgba(122,17,71,1) 0%, rgba(218,24,132,1) 100%) !important; } .nl-signup-sis .button { background-color: #FF9E1B; color: #000 !important; } .nl-signup-sis .button:hover, .nl-signup-sis .button:active { background-color: #FFBC27; } .nl-signup-std h2, .nl-signup-eic h2, .nl-signup-sis h2 { color: #fff; } .nl-signup-icon { float: right; margin: -10px 5px 0 0; width: 40px; height: 40px; } .nl-signup-icon .cls-1 { fill: currentColor; } .nl-signup-icon .cls-2 { fill: currentColor; } .nl-signup-icon .cls-3 { fill: #fff; } .nl-signup-std .nl-signup-icon .cls-3 { fill: #48A9C5; } .nl-signup-eic .nl-signup-icon .cls-3 { fill: #DA1884; } .nl-signup-sis .nl-signup-icon .cls-3 { fill: #da1884; } /* Enhanced advertising overrides */ .story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml .ad-notice, .story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml .ad-notice { display: block; font-family: Source Sans Pro,sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; color: #888; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .05em; font-size: .7rem; line-height: .7rem; margin-bottom: .3rem; } /* BBC video embed */ .bbc-container { position: relative; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; padding-top: 68%; margin-bottom: 32px; } .bbc-responsive-iframe { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: none !important; } /* Throbbing red button */ .throbRed{ animation-name: throbbingRed; animation-duration: 2s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; animation-direction: alternate; animation-timing-function: ease-in-out; } @keyframes throbbingRed{ 0% { background-color: #54585a;} 100% { background-color: #EB1F52;} } /* Throbbing green button */ .throbGreen{ animation-name: throbbingGreen; animation-duration: 2s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; animation-direction: alternate; animation-timing-function: ease-in-out; } @keyframes throbbingGreen{ 0% { background-color: #54585a;} 100% { background-color: #97D700;} } /* Updated share icons */ .share-toolbar { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: left; width: 100%; } .share-toolbar a { align-items: center; background-color: #fff; background-repeat: no-repeat; border: 1px solid #ececec; border-radius: 50%; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex: none; font-size: .6rem; height: 36px; justify-content: center; margin-right: .5rem; margin-bottom: .5rem; width: 36px; } .share-toolbar a:hover { background-color: #f0f0f0; } .share-toolbar a[data-source="linkedin"] { padding: 0 0.1rem 0 0.2rem } .social-share svg { width: 60%; } .social-share[data-medium="email"] svg, .social-share[data-source="navigator"] svg { fill: #48A9C5; } /* Hide default email icon */ .pageOptions ul:first-of-type li:not(.pageoptions-rating):not(.social-share-container) { display: none; } @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { .not-mobile-share { display: none !important; } } /* Hide byline on spin page */ .hide-byline span.author { display:none; } /* Fix sizes of MPU adverts */ .mpu-fix-size { min-height:266px !important; max-height:266px !important; } /* Hide on desktop devices */ @media only screen and (min-device-width: 1024px) { .not-desktop { display: none; } } /* Only show on desktop devices */ @media only screen and (max-device-width: 1023px) { .only-desktop { display: none; } } /* Only show on mobile devices */ @media only screen and (min-device-width: 768px) { .only-mobile { display: none; } } /* Hide from desktop mega menu */ .desktopNavigation .hide-desktop-mega-menu { display: none; } /* Shrink bottom of factfile */ .factfile { padding-bottom: 15px; } /* Spin Promo Microsite */ .spinPromoEiC { background-color: #CE389E; } /* Additional buttons */ .btn-light { background-color: #EFEFEF; border-color: #EFEFEF; color: #000000; text-shadow: none; } /* Grey out sub navigation items */ ul.main li.highlightdeadsubnav > span { color: grey; } /* Override MyAccountNavigation item text */ .myAccountNavigation ul li { text-transform: none; font-weight: 500; } /* Highlight navigation item in yellow */ ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnav { background: #EEDC00; } ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnav a span { color: #54585a; } ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnav:hover { background: #54585a; } ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnav a span:hover { color: #ffffff; } ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnav.current a span { color: #000000; } /* Highlight navigation item in purple */ ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnavpurple { background: #991E66; } ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnavpurple a span { color: #ffffff; } ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnavpurple:hover { background: #ffffff; } ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnavpurple a span:hover { color: #54585a; } ul.main>li.nav-item.highlightnavpurple.current a span { color: #ffffff; } /* De-button storyType links */ div.sleeve div.subSleeve span.story-type a.storyType, /* spin page */ .grid .gridLayout ul li div.subSleeve span.story-type a.storyType, /* spin page hero block */ div.storyDetails a.storyType /* solr results */ { background-color: transparent; color: #868686; padding: 0px; } /* Adjust the cookie policy */ div#cookiePolicy.show { padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; z-index: 3000000000; bottom: 10px; } /* Make Google Map embeds responsive */ .google-map-responsive{ overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 56.25%; position: relative; height: 0; } .google-map-responsive iframe{ left: 0; top: 0; height: 100%; width: 100%; position: absolute; } /* Image/caption/credit styles for SPIN pages */ .spin-credit { color: #888; font-size: .889rem; line-height: 1.266rem; font-family: Source Sans Pro,sans-serif; font-style: normal; } .spin-caption { color: #444; font-size: .889rem; line-height: 1.266rem; margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 0; font-family: Source Sans Pro,sans-serif; } .spin-image-centre { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } /* Remove camera icon overlay on picture layout story */ .layoutIcon.pictureLayout:before { background-image:none; } /* Message block styles */ .message-block-wrapper { width: 100vw; position: relative; padding: 0; border: 1px solid #1D749A; background: #78D9EA; } .message-block-content { max-width: 900px; padding: 12px; margin: 0 auto; height: auto; text-align: center; } .message-block-content p { font-family: Gotham Medium; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.424rem; color: #222; font-weight: 500; margin: 1rem 0rem; } .message-block-content h1 { font-family: Gotham Medium; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 2rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-weight: 700; } .message-block-content .button a:last-child { /* positions 'Close this message' link after main button */ position: inherit; } .message-block-content br { /* on small screens doesn't display <br> so text flows */ display: none; } @media screen and (min-width: 768px) { /* on large screens will break lines where <br> is placed */ .message-block-content br { display: initial; } } /* Advertisement label */ .ad-mpu>div:not(:empty)::before { /* if the div with the parent 'ad-mpu' is not empty, eg advert content has been loaded */ content: 'Advertisement'; display: block; font-family: Source Sans Pro,sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; color: #888; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .05em; font-size: .7rem; line-height: .7rem; margin-bottom: .3rem; } /* Mega menu image resizing RSC-1119 */ .desktopNavigation .htmlBlock .column.span-2 { width: 48.82117420%; margin-right: 0; } .desktopNavigation .htmlBlock .column.span-3 { width: 74.41058710%; margin-right: 0; } /* Image scaling - see https://www.abacuscloud.info/72.article */ .embedImage img{ width: 100%; height: auto; } /* Accordion */ .accordion { background-color: #eee; color: #444; cursor: pointer; padding: 18px; width: 100%; border: none; text-align: left; outline: none; font-size: 15px; transition: 0.4s; border-radius: 6px; position: relative; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .accordion:after { content: ''; position: absolute; right: 20px; transform: rotate(0deg); transition: transform 250ms; width: 0; height: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 8px 0 8px 9px; border-color: transparent transparent transparent #888; } .accordion.active:after { transform: rotate(90deg); } .accordion.active + .panel { max-height: 600px; overflow: auto; } .accordion.active .vector-icon { transform: rotate(90deg); } .accordion.active, .accordion:hover { background-color: #ccc; } .accordion+.panel { padding: 0 18px; max-height: 0; background-color: white; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height linear 250ms; } /* YouTube embed box */ .embed-container { position: relative; margin-top: 35px; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } /* Don't show on tablet devices */ @media only screen and (min-device-width: 768px) and (max-device-width: 1023px) { .not-tablet { display: none; } } /* Don't show on mobile and tablet device menus */ #mobilemenu .desktop-only { display: none; } /* Change colour of group story header bar */ .groupTopBox { background-color: #78C600; } /* Sharing Toolbar */ .shareHidden { display: none !important; } /* Starter slide preview */ .starter-slide-preview { position: relative; display: inline-block; float:right; } .starter-slide-preview:hover { opacity: 0.65; transition: opacity 0.3s; } .starter-slide-preview img { border:1px #ADADAD solid; margin-left: 10px; box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px lightgrey; } .starter-slide-preview:after { content: ""; position: absolute; bottom: 12px; right: 10px; background-image: url("https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/web/x/s/e/sprite.css03b34d89_252753.svgz"); background-position: 0px -568.31px; background-repeat: no-repeat; width: 30px; height: 30px; transform: rotate(90deg); } /* Hide nav items */ .hide-nav-item { display: none; } /* Fix anchor scroll / header issue */ #mainnav { scroll-margin-top: 72px; } .microsite.eic-microsite .media-container.mc-links-only li .button:after { display: none !important; } .media-container.mc-links-only li .button { padding-right: 16px; } /* EME testing and experience styles */ .eme-hidden-default { display: none; } .eic-promo-container>.ad-story-inline, .nl-signup-container-v3>.ad-story-inline { margin-bottom: 0; min-height: auto; } /* Fix access denied image preview */ .accessContainer .storyPreview .access-denied-index-img.picture { max-width: 50%; } @media only screen and (max-width: 1023px) { .accessContainer .storyPreview .byline { width: 100%; } } /* New newsletter widget */ .nl-signup-container-v2 .ad-story-inline { width: 100%; margin: 0; } .nl-signup-block { overflow: hidden; border-radius: 10px; background-color: #fafafa; box-shadow: 0px 2px 6px #0000002b; margin-bottom: 28px; } .nl-signup-inner { display: flex; flex-direction: row; position: relative; } .nl-signup-img { max-width: 300px; height: auto; object-fit: cover; } .nl-signup-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding: 20px; } .nl-signup-content h2 { font-size: 1.266rem; line-height: 1.802rem; margin-bottom: 4px; color: inherit; } .nl-signup-teaser p { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 18px; } .nl-signup-content > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } .nl-signup-tag { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 6px; } .nl-signup-tag svg { margin-right: 6px; } .nl-signup-tag p { font-size: .89rem; line-height: 1rem; margin-bottom: 0; text-transform: uppercase; color: #54585A; } .nl-signup-tag a { color: inherit; } @media only screen and (max-width: 619px) { .nl-signup-inner { flex-direction: column; } .nl-signup-img { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; max-height: 300px; min-height: 200px; } .nl-signup-content { padding-bottom: 28px; text-align: center; } .nl-signup-content > p:last-child a.button { width: 100%; } .nl-signup-tag { justify-content: center; } } </style> <!-- End RSC overrides --> <style> .curriculum-explorer header ol { min-height: 40px; } @media screen and (min-width: 768px) { .curriculum-explorer header .button { color: #48a9c5; } } </style> <!-- IE11 specific fixes start --> <style> @media screen and (-ms-high-contrast: active), (-ms-high-contrast: none), screen and (min-width: 1024px) { /* IE10+ specific styles go here */ .curriculum-explorer { min-height: 345px; } } </style> <!-- IE11 specific fixes end --> <!-- PATCH START: RSC-949 --> <style> #my-lcp-section .column2 { float: none; width: auto; margin-top: 24px; } @media screen and (min-width: 768px) { #my-lcp-section .column2 { float: left; width: 380px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { #my-lcp-section .column2 { margin-top: 0; } } </style> <!-- PATCH END: RSC-949 --> <!-- PATCH START: RSC-1093 --> <style> @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { #curriculum-and-resources .twoColumns .column2 .container, #curriculum-and-resources .twoColumns .column2 .container .inner-sleeve { display: block; } } </style> <!-- PATCH END: RSC-1093 --> <!-- START TEMP FIX : RSCCS-636 --> <style> @media screen and (min-width: 768px){ .storyAuthorComponent .storyAuthor .storyAuthorDetails .socialMediaLinks ul { margin-bottom: 31px; } } </style> <!-- END TEMP FIX : RSCCS-636 --> <!-- End Global_CSS Head pagetext --> <!-- Global_JavaScript Head pagetext --> <!-- Set global variables --> <script> /* Get dataLayer values */ function getDataLayerVal(keyVal) { if(window.dataLayer!=undefined && window.dataLayer!=null){ for (var i = 0; i < window.dataLayer.length; i++) { if (dataLayer[i][keyVal] !== undefined) { return dataLayer[i][keyVal]; } } } } /* Now work out the user state */ var userSubscriber = getDataLayerVal('Products') !== undefined; var userLoggedIn = getDataLayerVal('LoggedIn') == 'True'; var userMember = getDataLayerVal('IMIS_Active') == "|true|"; var userIP = IPState.useripstate === true; var userIPName = IPState.useripname; var userSubState = ((!userLoggedIn && userIP) ? 'IP signed out' : (!userLoggedIn) ? 'Casual' : (userMember) ? 'Member' : (userSubscriber) ? 'Subscriber' : (userLoggedIn && userIP) ? 'IP signed in' : 'Registered'); var userState = getDataLayerVal('LoggedIn') == 'True' ? 'Signed in' : 'Signed out'; window.dataLayer.push({'UserState':userState}); window.dataLayer.push({'UserSubState':userSubState}); </script> <!-- End Set global variables --> <!-- OneTrust scripts --> <script> function getCookie(cname) { var name = cname + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(";"); for(var i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == " ") { c = c.substring(1); } if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) { return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } } return ""; } function otGetCodes(names) { const categoryCodes = { "Essential": "C0001", "Analytical": "C0002", "Functional": "C0003", "Targeting": "C0004", "Social": "C0005" }; let codes; if (names === "All") { codes = Object.values(categoryCodes); } else { if (!Array.isArray(names)) { names = [names]; } codes = names.map(name => categoryCodes[name]); } return codes; } function otCookieCheck(categories) { const codes = otGetCodes(categories); const otCookie = decodeURIComponent(getCookie("OptanonConsent")); for (code of codes) { if (otCookie.indexOf(code+":1") === -1) { return false; } } return true; } function otHideOverlays() { var overlayedDivs = document.querySelectorAll(".ot-embed-overlay"); for (let overlay of overlayedDivs) { overlay.remove(); } } function otTagEmbeds() { var networkList = {"youtube": "YouTube", "eventbrite": "Eventbrite", "twitter": "Twitter", "padlet": "Padlet", "tiktok": "TikTok", "vimeo": "Vimeo"}; var frames = document.querySelectorAll(".storytext iframe, .videoTop .videoblock iframe, #wrapper_sleeve .grid .htmlContent iframe") for (var key in networkList) { if (networkList.hasOwnProperty(key)) { frames.forEach(function(element) { var src = element.getAttribute("src") || element.getAttribute("data-src") || ""; if (src.indexOf(key) > -1) { if (element.getAttribute("title") === "Twitter settings iframe") { return; } element.parentNode.classList.add("ot-embed-content"); element.parentNode.setAttribute("data-provider", networkList[key]); if (!otCookieCheck("All") && (element.parentNode.tagName.toLowerCase() != "body")) { element.parentNode.classList.add("ot-embed-overlayed"); var cookieMessage = document.createElement("div"); cookieMessage.classList.add("ot-embed-overlay"); if (networkList[key] === "Eventbrite") { var eventRx = /.+\-(\d+)$/; var eventUrl = "https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/" + eventRx.exec(element.parentNode.id)[1]; cookieMessage.innerHTML = "<div class='ot-embed-container'><div><p>We use Eventbrite to manage event bookings. If you view or interact with this content, Eventbrite may store cookies on your device for functional, analytical or targeting purposes. Please accept cookies to book your place, or visit the event listing at Eventbrite.</p><p><button class='ot-embed-button eb-cookie-btn' onclick='otHideOverlays(); OneTrust.AllowAll();'>Accept cookies</button><a href='" + eventUrl + "'><button class='eb-booking-btn'>Book via Eventbrite</button></a></p><p onclick='OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay()'>Cookie settings</p></div></div>" } else { cookieMessage.innerHTML = "<div class='ot-embed-container'><div><p>This content is provided by " + networkList[key] + ". If you view or interact with this content " + networkList[key] + " may store cookies on your device for functional, analytical or targeting purposes. Please accept cookies to use this content.</p><p><button class='ot-embed-button' onclick='otHideOverlays(); OneTrust.AllowAll();'>Accept cookies</button></p><p onclick='OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay()'>Cookie settings</p></div></div>"; } element.parentNode.appendChild(cookieMessage); } } }); } } } function otAllAccepted() { if (document.getElementById("accept-recommended-btn-handler").style.display == "none") { return true; } else { return false; } } function otCookieAcceptance(event) { var element = event.target; if (element.id === "onetrust-accept-btn-handler" || element.id === "accept-recommended-btn-handler") { otHideOverlays(); } else if (element.classList.contains("save-preference-btn-handler") && element.classList.contains("onetrust-close-btn-handler")) { var allAccepted = otAllAccepted(); if (allAccepted === true) { otHideOverlays(); } } } $(window).on("load", function() { otTagEmbeds(); document.addEventListener("click", otCookieAcceptance); }); </script> <!-- End OneTrust scripts --> <!-- Header for DFP --> <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script> var gptLimitedAds = !(otCookieCheck("Targeting")); console.log("Limited ads is " + gptLimitedAds); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot("/97414310/EIC_MPU_Middle", [300, 250], "div-gpt-ad-1478612564129-1").addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot("/97414310/EIC_MPU_Spotlight", [300, 250], "div-gpt-ad-1478612564129-2").addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot("/97414310/EIC_MPU_Top", [300, 250], "div-gpt-ad-1478612564129-3").addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.pubads().setPrivacySettings({"limitedAds": gptLimitedAds}); googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 5, // Fetch slots within 5 viewports. renderMarginPercent: 5, // Render slots within 2 viewports. mobileScaling: 0 // Double the above values on mobile. }); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <!-- Header for DFP - End --> <!-- AdSense --> <script data-ad-client="ca-pub-7021279776415627" async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!-- End AdSense --> <!-- Session duration timer --> <script> function sessionDurationConverter(threshold, id) { var startName = "gtm_session_start_" + id; var thresholdName = "gtm_session_threshold_" + id; var startCookie = decodeURIComponent(getCookie(startName)); var thresholdCookie = decodeURIComponent(getCookie(thresholdName)); var d1 = new Date(); var now = d1.getTime(); var durationThreshold = threshold * 1000 - 1; var cookieExpiry = new Date(); cookieExpiry.setTime(cookieExpiry.getTime() + 30 * 60 * 1000); var expires = "expires=" + cookieExpiry.toUTCString(); if (!startCookie) { document.cookie = startName + "=" + now + ";" + expires + ";path=/"; } else if (!thresholdCookie){ var startTime = startCookie; var elapsedTime = now - startTime; if (elapsedTime > durationThreshold) { window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ "event": "session_duration_conv", "sessionTargetHit": { "targetDuration": threshold, "campaignId": id } }); document.cookie = thresholdName + "=true;" + expires + ";path=/"; }; }; } </script> <!-- End session duration timer --> <!-- Accordion JS --> <script> jQuery(function($) { $('.accordion').each(function(i, el) { $(el).on('click', function() { $(this).toggleClass('active') }); }); }); </script> <!-- Accordion JS End --> <!-- EU search results snippets permission, --> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <!-- End EU search results snippets permission --> <!-- EME AB testing --> <script> function pushEMEImpression(testName, testVal) { localStorage.setItem(testName, testVal); } function fetchEMEImpression(testName) { return localStorage.getItem(testName); } function isObject(obj) { return obj !== null && typeof obj === 'object' && !Array.isArray(obj); } function pushToDataLayer(key, value) { window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (isObject(key)) { window.dataLayer.push(key); } else { let object = {}; object[key] = value; window.dataLayer.push(object); } } function flagExperienceImpression(expId, expVar) { const expStr = `${expId}-${expVar}`; const expObj = { "event": "experienceImpression", "experience": expStr }; pushToDataLayer(expObj); console.log("Experience impression recorded as: " + expStr); } function populateTestParam(testId, numVars, checkIfFound, overrideGen) { let testVar = fetchEMEImpression(testId); testVar = testVar ? decodeURIComponent(testVar) : testVar; let isFound = testVar ? true : false; if (!testVar && !overrideGen) { testVar = Math.floor(Math.random() * (numVars - 1 + 1)) + 1; console.log("New testVar generated."); pushEMEImpression(testId, testVar); pushToDataLayer(testId, testVar); } else if (testVar) { console.log("testVar accessed from localStorage."); pushToDataLayer(testId, testVar); } if (testVar) { flagExperienceImpression(testId, testVar); } if (checkIfFound) { return isFound; } } function createTestHandler(selector, testId) { return function() { const testContainer = document.querySelector(selector); const testEl = testContainer.querySelector(".edu_ab_test[data-variant]"); const testVar = testEl.getAttribute("data-variant"); pushEMEImpression(testId, testVar); flagExperienceImpression(testId, testVar); }; } function recordExperienceDeployment() { pushToDataLayer("EME_Experience_Deployed", true); } function handleEMEInit(selector, testId, numVars) { window.addEventListener("eme:itemapplied", recordExperienceDeployment); if (populateTestParam(testId, numVars, true, true)) { return; }; const testHandler = createTestHandler(selector, testId); window.addEventListener("eme:itemapplied", testHandler); } </script> <!-- End EME AB testing --> <!-- Hotjar Tracking Code --> <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-C0002"> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:963557,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <!-- End Hotjar Tracking Code --> <!-- Snap Pixel Code --> <script type='text/javascript'> (function(e,t,n){if(e.snaptr)return;var a=e.snaptr=function() {a.handleRequest?a.handleRequest.apply(a,arguments):a.queue.push(arguments)}; a.queue=[];var s='script';r=t.createElement(s);r.async=!0; r.src=n;var u=t.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; u.parentNode.insertBefore(r,u);})(window,document, 'https://sc-static.net/scevent.min.js'); snaptr('init', '7335e2fb-47aa-441c-aaf9-e7c2837ad3f4', { }); snaptr('track', 'PAGE_VIEW'); </script> <!-- End Snap Pixel Code --> <!-- End Global_JavaScript Head pagetext --> <!-- RSC Google Tag Manager SST --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://analytics.rsc.org/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K4SD5X9');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- RSC Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K4SD5X9');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!--Abacus Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MG794W9');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> </head> <body id="searchResults" class="M1-master js-disabled enhanced-advertising enhanced-advertising-rhc-empty no-directories"> <!-- RSC Google Tag Manager SST (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://analytics.rsc.org/ns.html?id=GTM-K4SD5X9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- RSC Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-K4SD5X9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- Abacus Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MG794W9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!--[if lte IE 10]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/CSS/dest/notsupported.css"> <div class="notSupported"> <div class="sleeve"> <span id="logo" class="vector-icon i-brand-logo i-brand-logo-dims"></span> <h2> Your browser is not supported </h2> <p> Sorry but it looks as if your browser is out of date. To get the best experience using our site we recommend that you upgrade or switch browsers. </p> <p class="buttonContainer"> <a class="button" href="https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=update+my+browser" target="_blank">Find a solution</a> </p> </div> </div> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript">document.body.className = document.body.className.replace('js-disabled', ''); document.cookie = "js=1; path=/";</script> <div id="wrapper"> <ul id="skiplinks"><li><a href="#wrapper_sleeve">Skip to main content</a></li><li><a href="#mainnav">Skip to navigation</a></li></ul> <header id="masthead" class="masthead"> <div class="htmlContent"> </div> <!-- Masthead Leaderboard pagetext--> <div class="gateway-container"> </div> <div class="mast container full" role="banner" data-multi-toggle-menu> <div class="inner-sleeve" data-menu-open-pushed> <!-- Asset.Masthead logo pagetext --> <style> #edu-logo { width: 109px; height: 25px; } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { #edu-logo { width: 314px; height: 72px; } } </style> <a href="https://www.rsc.org" style="float: left;"> <svg id="rsc-marke" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29.88" height="34.54" viewBox="0 0 29.88 34.54"><g id="rsc-marke"><path id="Path_1863" data-name="Path 1863" d="M29.78,6.91a18.53,18.53,0,0,0-2.42-2A12.16,12.16,0,0,0,24.6,3.45a17.58,17.58,0,0,0-3-.95,13.65,13.65,0,0,0-3.28-.35V8.55a14.17,14.17,0,0,1,2,.17,6.4,6.4,0,0,1,1.81.6,6.25,6.25,0,0,1,1.64.95,9.94,9.94,0,0,1,1.47,1.21Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1864" data-name="Path 1864" d="M25.3,25.29a9.94,9.94,0,0,1-1.47,1.21,16,16,0,0,1-1.64,1,14.88,14.88,0,0,1-1.81.6,7.41,7.41,0,0,1-2,.17,14.17,14.17,0,0,1-2-.17,6.41,6.41,0,0,1-1.81-.6,6.25,6.25,0,0,1-1.64-1,9.94,9.94,0,0,1-1.47-1.21L6.91,29.78a18.53,18.53,0,0,0,2.42,2,12.17,12.17,0,0,0,2.76,1.47,17.58,17.58,0,0,0,3,1,13.65,13.65,0,0,0,3.28.35,13.65,13.65,0,0,0,3.28-.35,17.58,17.58,0,0,0,3-1,28,28,0,0,0,2.76-1.47,12.84,12.84,0,0,0,2.42-2Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1865" data-name="Path 1865" d="M11.4,25.29a9.94,9.94,0,0,1-1.21-1.47,16,16,0,0,1-1-1.64,11.16,11.16,0,0,1-.6-1.81,7.41,7.41,0,0,1-.17-2H2.07a13.65,13.65,0,0,0,.35,3.28,17.58,17.58,0,0,0,.95,3,28,28,0,0,0,1.47,2.76,17.36,17.36,0,0,0,2,2.42Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#eedc00"/><path id="Path_1866" data-name="Path 1866" d="M8.46,18.39a14.17,14.17,0,0,1,.17-2,11.16,11.16,0,0,1,.6-1.81,8,8,0,0,1,1-1.64c.43-.52.78-1,1.21-1.47L6.91,6.91a10.59,10.59,0,0,0-2,2.42,12.17,12.17,0,0,0-1.47,2.76,17.58,17.58,0,0,0-.95,3,13.65,13.65,0,0,0-.35,3.28Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#97d700"/><path id="Path_1867" data-name="Path 1867" d="M11.4,11.4a9.94,9.94,0,0,1,1.47-1.21,16,16,0,0,1,1.64-.95,14.88,14.88,0,0,1,1.81-.6,7.41,7.41,0,0,1,2-.18V2.16A13.65,13.65,0,0,0,15,2.5a17.58,17.58,0,0,0-3,.95A28,28,0,0,0,9.24,4.92a12.84,12.84,0,0,0-2.42,2Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#48a9c5"/><path id="Path_1868" data-name="Path 1868" d="M21.84.35A15.89,15.89,0,0,0,18.3,0a17.47,17.47,0,0,0-3.71.35,22.82,22.82,0,0,0-3.45,1A13.64,13.64,0,0,0,8,3.11,16.77,16.77,0,0,0,5.35,5.35,33.46,33.46,0,0,0,3.11,8l8.81,6a5.94,5.94,0,0,1,1-1.12A5.94,5.94,0,0,1,14,11.91a9.44,9.44,0,0,1,1.3-.69,7.29,7.29,0,0,1,1.47-.43,9.51,9.51,0,0,1,1.55-.17,7.6,7.6,0,0,1,1.47.17Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#48a9c5" opacity="0.5" style="isolation:isolate"/><path id="Path_1869" data-name="Path 1869" d="M12.86,23.83a5.94,5.94,0,0,1-1-1.12,9.44,9.44,0,0,1-.69-1.3,7.29,7.29,0,0,1-.43-1.47,9.51,9.51,0,0,1-.17-1.55,7.6,7.6,0,0,1,.17-1.47L.35,14.85A15.89,15.89,0,0,0,0,18.39,17.47,17.47,0,0,0,.35,22.1a22.82,22.82,0,0,0,1,3.45,13.64,13.64,0,0,0,1.73,3.11,16.76,16.76,0,0,0,2.24,2.68A21.69,21.69,0,0,0,8,33.58l6-8.81C13.64,24.43,13.21,24.17,12.86,23.83Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#eedc00" opacity="0.5" style="isolation:isolate"/></g></svg> <svg class="global-marker" aria-hidden="true" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="144.1" height="40" viewBox="0 0 144.1 40"><g id="rsc_logo" data-name="rsc logo"><g id="Group_733" data-name="Group 733"><g id="Group_731" data-name="Group 731"><path id="Path_1840" data-name="Path 1840" d="M39.5,10.2h3.9a3.57,3.57,0,0,1,2.6.9,2.67,2.67,0,0,1,.7,1.8h0a2.71,2.71,0,0,1-2.5,2.7L47,19.3H45.7l-2.6-3.5H40.5v3.5h-1Zm3.8,4.6c1.4,0,2.3-.7,2.3-1.9h0c0-1.1-.9-1.8-2.3-1.8H40.5v3.7Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1841" data-name="Path 1841" d="M48.3,14.8h0a4.63,4.63,0,0,1,4.56-4.7H53a4.55,4.55,0,0,1,4.6,4.49q0,.1,0,.21h0A4.63,4.63,0,0,1,53,19.5H52.9A4.55,4.55,0,0,1,48.3,15Q48.3,14.9,48.3,14.8Zm8.2,0h0a3.6,3.6,0,1,0-7.2-.1h0a3.6,3.6,0,0,0,7.2.1Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1842" data-name="Path 1842" d="M61.6,15.7l-3.8-5.5H59l3.1,4.6,3.1-4.6h1.2l-3.8,5.5v3.6h-1Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1843" data-name="Path 1843" d="M69.7,10.1h1l4.2,9.2H73.8l-1.1-2.4h-5l-1.1,2.4H65.5ZM72.3,16l-2.1-4.7L68.1,16Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1844" data-name="Path 1844" d="M76.4,10.2h1v8.2h5.1v1H76.3V10.2Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1845" data-name="Path 1845" d="M87.2,18l.6-.8a4.32,4.32,0,0,0,3.1,1.3c1.2,0,2-.7,2-1.6h0c0-.8-.5-1.3-2.4-1.7-2.1-.5-3.1-1.1-3.1-2.6h0a2.74,2.74,0,0,1,3-2.5h0a5,5,0,0,1,3.2,1.1L93,12a3.88,3.88,0,0,0-2.6-1c-1.2,0-1.9.7-1.9,1.5h0c0,.9.5,1.3,2.5,1.8s3,1.2,3,2.6h0c0,1.6-1.3,2.6-3.1,2.6A6.38,6.38,0,0,1,87.2,18Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1846" data-name="Path 1846" d="M95.5,14.8h0a4.63,4.63,0,0,1,4.56-4.7h.14a4.55,4.55,0,0,1,4.6,4.49q0,.1,0,.21h0a4.65,4.65,0,1,1-9.3,0Zm8.3,0h0a3.6,3.6,0,1,0-7.2-.1h0a3.6,3.6,0,0,0,7.2.1Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1847" data-name="Path 1847" d="M106.4,14.8h0a4.55,4.55,0,0,1,4.4-4.7h.2a5.14,5.14,0,0,1,3.6,1.4l-.7.8A4.15,4.15,0,0,0,111,11a3.53,3.53,0,0,0-3.5,3.55s0,.1,0,.15h0a3.62,3.62,0,0,0,3.42,3.8H111a3.77,3.77,0,0,0,2.9-1.3l.7.7a4.75,4.75,0,0,1-3.7,1.6,4.53,4.53,0,0,1-4.5-4.55S106.4,14.85,106.4,14.8Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1848" data-name="Path 1848" d="M116.2,10.2h1v9.1h-1Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1849" data-name="Path 1849" d="M119.6,10.2h6.6v.9h-5.6v3.1h5v.9h-5v3.2h5.6v.9h-6.7v-9Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1850" data-name="Path 1850" d="M130.5,11.1h-3.1v-1h7.2v1h-3.1v8.2h-1V11.1Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1851" data-name="Path 1851" d="M139.2,15.7l-3.8-5.5h1.3l3.1,4.6,3.1-4.6h1.2l-3.8,5.5v3.6h-1V15.7Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1852" data-name="Path 1852" d="M39.1,27.8h0a4.63,4.63,0,0,1,4.56-4.7h.14a4.55,4.55,0,0,1,4.6,4.49q0,.1,0,.21h0a4.65,4.65,0,0,1-9.3,0Zm8.2,0h0a3.6,3.6,0,0,0-7.2-.1h0a3.63,3.63,0,0,0,3.46,3.8h.14A3.55,3.55,0,0,0,47.3,28Q47.3,27.9,47.3,27.8Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1853" data-name="Path 1853" d="M50.8,23.2h6.6v1H51.9v3.3h4.9v.9H51.9v4h-1V23.2Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1854" data-name="Path 1854" d="M67.4,32.5a4.63,4.63,0,0,1-4.7-4.56s0-.09,0-.14h0a4.66,4.66,0,0,1,4.61-4.7h.19a4.79,4.79,0,0,1,3.6,1.4L69.8,26a3.45,3.45,0,0,0-2.3-1,2.69,2.69,0,0,0-2.6,2.78v0h0a2.72,2.72,0,0,0,2.54,2.9h.06a3.19,3.19,0,0,0,2.4-1.1l1.3,1.3A4.81,4.81,0,0,1,67.4,32.5Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1855" data-name="Path 1855" d="M78.8,32.3V28.6H75.1v3.7h-2V23.2h2v3.6h3.7V23.2h2v9.1Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1856" data-name="Path 1856" d="M83.4,32.3V23.2h6.9V25H85.4v1.8h4.3v1.8H85.4v1.9h5v1.8Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1857" data-name="Path 1857" d="M99.7,32.3v-6l-2.6,3.9H97l-2.5-3.9v5.9h-2V23.1h2.2L97.1,27l2.4-3.9h2.2v9.1h-2Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1858" data-name="Path 1858" d="M104.4,32.3V23.2h2v9.1Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1859" data-name="Path 1859" d="M112.3,32.5a5.79,5.79,0,0,1-3.9-1.5l1.2-1.4a4,4,0,0,0,2.7,1.1c.8,0,1.3-.3,1.3-.9h0c0-.5-.3-.8-1.8-1.2-1.8-.5-3-1-3-2.8h0c0-1.7,1.3-2.8,3.2-2.8a5,5,0,0,1,3.4,1.2l-1,1.5a4,4,0,0,0-2.4-.9c-.8,0-1.2.4-1.2.8h0c0,.6.4.8,2,1.2,1.9.5,2.9,1.1,2.9,2.7h0a3.06,3.06,0,0,1-3.09,3Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1860" data-name="Path 1860" d="M121.7,25.1v7.3h-2V25.1h-2.8V23.2h7.6v1.9Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1861" data-name="Path 1861" d="M132,32.3l-2-2.9h-1.6v2.9h-2V23.2h4.2c2.2,0,3.4,1.1,3.4,3h0a2.74,2.74,0,0,1-2,2.8l2.2,3.3Zm0-6c0-.9-.6-1.3-1.6-1.3h-2v2.6h2C131.4,27.6,132,27.1,132,26.3Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1862" data-name="Path 1862" d="M140.5,28.7v3.6h-2V28.7L135,23.2h2.3l2.2,3.7,2.2-3.7H144Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/></g><g id="Group_732" data-name="Group 732"><path id="Path_1863" data-name="Path 1863" d="M34.5,8a21.46,21.46,0,0,0-2.8-2.3A14.09,14.09,0,0,0,28.5,4,20.36,20.36,0,0,0,25,2.9a15.81,15.81,0,0,0-3.8-.4V9.9a16.41,16.41,0,0,1,2.3.2,7.42,7.42,0,0,1,2.1.7,7.24,7.24,0,0,1,1.9,1.1,11.51,11.51,0,0,1,1.7,1.4Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/><path id="Path_1864" data-name="Path 1864" d="M29.3,29.3a11.51,11.51,0,0,1-1.7,1.4,18.58,18.58,0,0,1-1.9,1.1,17.23,17.23,0,0,1-2.1.7,8.58,8.58,0,0,1-2.3.2,16.41,16.41,0,0,1-2.3-.2,7.42,7.42,0,0,1-2.1-.7A7.24,7.24,0,0,1,15,30.7a11.51,11.51,0,0,1-1.7-1.4L8,34.5a21.46,21.46,0,0,0,2.8,2.3A14.09,14.09,0,0,0,14,38.5a20.36,20.36,0,0,0,3.5,1.1,15.81,15.81,0,0,0,3.8.4,15.81,15.81,0,0,0,3.8-.4,20.36,20.36,0,0,0,3.5-1.1,32.39,32.39,0,0,0,3.2-1.7,14.87,14.87,0,0,0,2.8-2.3Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#004976"/></g><path id="Path_1865" data-name="Path 1865" d="M13.2,29.3a11.51,11.51,0,0,1-1.4-1.7,18.58,18.58,0,0,1-1.1-1.9,12.93,12.93,0,0,1-.7-2.1,8.58,8.58,0,0,1-.2-2.3H2.4a15.81,15.81,0,0,0,.4,3.8,20.36,20.36,0,0,0,1.1,3.5,32.39,32.39,0,0,0,1.7,3.2,20.11,20.11,0,0,0,2.3,2.8Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#eedc00"/><path id="Path_1866" data-name="Path 1866" d="M9.8,21.3A16.41,16.41,0,0,1,10,19a12.93,12.93,0,0,1,.7-2.1A9.3,9.3,0,0,1,11.8,15c.5-.6.9-1.2,1.4-1.7L8,8a12.27,12.27,0,0,0-2.3,2.8A14.09,14.09,0,0,0,4,14a20.36,20.36,0,0,0-1.1,3.5,15.81,15.81,0,0,0-.4,3.8Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#97d700"/><path id="Path_1867" data-name="Path 1867" d="M13.2,13.2a11.51,11.51,0,0,1,1.7-1.4,18.58,18.58,0,0,1,1.9-1.1,17.23,17.23,0,0,1,2.1-.7,8.58,8.58,0,0,1,2.3-.2V2.5a15.81,15.81,0,0,0-3.8.4A20.36,20.36,0,0,0,13.9,4a32.39,32.39,0,0,0-3.2,1.7A14.87,14.87,0,0,0,7.9,8Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#48a9c5"/><path id="Path_1868" data-name="Path 1868" d="M25.3.4A18.4,18.4,0,0,0,21.2,0a20.24,20.24,0,0,0-4.3.4,26.43,26.43,0,0,0-4,1.2,15.8,15.8,0,0,0-3.6,2A19.42,19.42,0,0,0,6.2,6.2,38.76,38.76,0,0,0,3.6,9.3l10.2,6.9a6.88,6.88,0,0,1,1.1-1.3,6.88,6.88,0,0,1,1.3-1.1,10.93,10.93,0,0,1,1.5-.8,8.45,8.45,0,0,1,1.7-.5,11,11,0,0,1,1.8-.2,8.81,8.81,0,0,1,1.7.2Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#48a9c5" opacity="0.5" style="isolation:isolate"/><path id="Path_1869" data-name="Path 1869" d="M14.9,27.6a6.88,6.88,0,0,1-1.1-1.3,10.93,10.93,0,0,1-.8-1.5,8.45,8.45,0,0,1-.5-1.7,11,11,0,0,1-.2-1.8,8.81,8.81,0,0,1,.2-1.7L.4,17.2A18.4,18.4,0,0,0,0,21.3a20.24,20.24,0,0,0,.4,4.3,26.43,26.43,0,0,0,1.2,4,15.8,15.8,0,0,0,2,3.6,19.42,19.42,0,0,0,2.6,3.1,25.13,25.13,0,0,0,3.1,2.6l6.9-10.2C15.8,28.3,15.3,28,14.9,27.6Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#eedc00" opacity="0.5" style="isolation:isolate"/></g></g></svg> </a> <div class="mastheadLogo"> <a href="/"> <svg id="edu-logo" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 313.7 72"><g id="edu-logo-main"><path d="M24.83,38.71a2.9,2.9,0,0,1-.32,1.66c-.24.32-.71.47-1.5.47H12.21V28.38H27.58V21.6H12.22V10.17h9.85c.87,0,1.34.16,1.58.47A2.77,2.77,0,0,1,24,12.22V14.9l6.78-.47v-11H.32V9.07L4.1,9.3v31c0,1.1-.63,1.73-2,1.89L0,42.25v5.44H31.69V35.79l-6.78-.47v3.39Z" fill="#48a9c5"/><path d="M62.44,40.68V.16H50V5.44l2.84.24c1.18.08,1.73.63,1.73,1.58V14a17.86,17.86,0,0,0-5.44-.79c-5.12,0-9.07,1.73-12,5.2s-4.34,8.12-4.34,13.87a21.19,21.19,0,0,0,2.84,11.27c2,3.39,5.6,5,10.64,5a10,10,0,0,0,9.07-4.89l.24.08v3.94h10.8V42.33L64,42.17A1.32,1.32,0,0,1,62.44,40.68Zm-7.81-3.39a5.12,5.12,0,0,1-1.81,3.86,6.72,6.72,0,0,1-4.57,1.58c-4.81,0-7.17-3.71-7.17-11.19a18.06,18.06,0,0,1,2-9A6.84,6.84,0,0,1,49.59,19a12.13,12.13,0,0,1,5,1.1Z" fill="#48a9c5"/><path d="M97.83,41.7a2.07,2.07,0,0,1-.32-1.42V14.11H85.77v5.52l2.13.16a2.17,2.17,0,0,1,1.26.47,2.43,2.43,0,0,1,.39,1.5V35.87a6.37,6.37,0,0,1-1.89,4.65,6.84,6.84,0,0,1-5.05,2c-2.13,0-3.47-.63-4.1-1.81a11.74,11.74,0,0,1-1-5.36V14.11H65.75v5.52l2.13.16c1.1.08,1.66.63,1.66,1.89V37c0,7.73,3.47,11.51,10.33,11.51,4.73,0,8.36-1.73,10.8-5.2V47.7h10.8V42.42l-2.37-.24A2.35,2.35,0,0,1,97.83,41.7Z" fill="#48a9c5"/><path d="M117.38,42.49a6.9,6.9,0,0,1-6.15-3.15c-1.42-2.13-2.13-5-2.13-8.83,0-7.57,2.68-11.43,8-11.43a10.27,10.27,0,0,1,2.68.39,2.08,2.08,0,0,1,1.34,2.21v3.23l6.15-.47V15.77a22.89,22.89,0,0,0-11-2.76,15.34,15.34,0,0,0-10.64,4.41c-3.15,3-4.73,7.33-4.73,13.24S102.32,41,105.08,44s6.46,4.49,11.27,4.49a18.15,18.15,0,0,0,11.9-3.86l-2.84-5.12A13.13,13.13,0,0,1,117.38,42.49Z" fill="#48a9c5"/><path d="M158.14,41.78a2.27,2.27,0,0,1-.39-1.5V15.45a33.23,33.23,0,0,0-11.9-2.37c-5.83,0-10.25,1.66-13.24,5.05s-4.41,8.12-4.41,14.11c0,5,1.1,9,3.23,11.9s5.52,4.34,10.09,4.34a10.47,10.47,0,0,0,9.14-4.81l.24.08v3.86h10.64V42.25l-2.13-.16A1.41,1.41,0,0,1,158.14,41.78ZM150,37a5.38,5.38,0,0,1-1.89,4,6.69,6.69,0,0,1-4.81,1.73c-4.65,0-6.94-3.63-6.94-10.8,0-3.94.63-7.17,2-9.54a6.9,6.9,0,0,1,6.46-3.63,12.76,12.76,0,0,1,5.12.87V37H150Z" fill="#48a9c5"/><path d="M176.27,42.57A4.23,4.23,0,0,1,173,41.39a6.08,6.08,0,0,1-1.1-4.1V19.71h8.2l.63-5.6h-8.83V7h-4.34a21.41,21.41,0,0,1-2.92,5.6,6.44,6.44,0,0,1-4.73,2.21l-.63,4.89H164V37.53c0,1.34,0,2.37.08,3.07a13.83,13.83,0,0,0,.63,2.84,7,7,0,0,0,1.5,2.76,9.06,9.06,0,0,0,3.07,1.73,15.46,15.46,0,0,0,5.05.79,14.22,14.22,0,0,0,8.44-2.37l-2-5.12A9,9,0,0,1,176.27,42.57Z" fill="#48a9c5"/><path d="M191.72,9.78a5.34,5.34,0,0,0,3.71-1.34A4.63,4.63,0,0,0,196.85,5a4.81,4.81,0,0,0-1.42-3.55,5.56,5.56,0,0,0-7.42,0A4.81,4.81,0,0,0,186.59,5,4.51,4.51,0,0,0,188,8.44,5.26,5.26,0,0,0,191.72,9.78Z" fill="#48a9c5"/><path d="M196.45,14.11h-12v5.52l2.37.16a1.75,1.75,0,0,1,1.26.39,2.27,2.27,0,0,1,.39,1.5V40.21a2,2,0,0,1-2,2.13l-2.21.24v5h15.92V42.27L196.45,42V14.11Z" fill="#48a9c5"/><path d="M227.83,17.42a14.45,14.45,0,0,0-4.34-3,15.73,15.73,0,0,0-6.78-1.26,16.57,16.57,0,0,0-10.48,3.63,12.47,12.47,0,0,0-3.94,5.6,23.47,23.47,0,0,0-1.5,8.59c0,5.83,1.34,10.33,3.94,13.32s6.23,4.49,10.88,4.49A15,15,0,0,0,227,44.06q4.48-4.72,4.49-14a24.47,24.47,0,0,0-1.1-7.65A14.42,14.42,0,0,0,227.83,17.42ZM216.16,42.81a6.47,6.47,0,0,1-3.78-1.1c-2.29-1.58-3.47-5.52-3.47-11.83a15.59,15.59,0,0,1,1.81-8,6,6,0,0,1,5.6-2.92A5.63,5.63,0,0,1,221.76,22c1.1,2,1.66,5.05,1.66,9C223.41,38.94,221.05,42.81,216.16,42.81Z" fill="#48a9c5"/><path d="M265,42.18V24.75c0-3.86-1-6.78-2.76-8.67s-4.49-2.92-7.8-2.92a14.08,14.08,0,0,0-6.23,1.42,12.31,12.31,0,0,0-4.57,3.86V14.1H232.4v5.36l2.84.24c1.1.08,1.66.71,1.66,2V40.2a2.35,2.35,0,0,1-.47,1.66,2.39,2.39,0,0,1-1.5.55l-2.21.24v5h15.85V42.34l-3.78-.24V26a6.68,6.68,0,0,1,1.89-4.73,6.54,6.54,0,0,1,5.05-2c2.13,0,3.55.55,4.34,1.73s1.1,3,1.1,5.44V40.21a2.35,2.35,0,0,1-.47,1.66,2.39,2.39,0,0,1-1.5.55l-2.21.24v5h15.85V42.35Z" fill="#48a9c5"/></g><g id="edu-text"><path d="M.52,55.67H2.85V68.92H.52Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M5.35,58.93H7.64v1.53a3.61,3.61,0,0,1,3.12-1.74c2.25,0,3.56,1.51,3.56,3.82v6.38H12V63.24c0-1.55-.78-2.44-2.14-2.44a2.23,2.23,0,0,0-2.25,2.48v5.64H5.35Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M15.49,67.61l1-1.55a5.68,5.68,0,0,0,3.27,1.23c1,0,1.55-.42,1.55-1.08v0c0-.78-1.06-1-2.23-1.4-1.48-.42-3.12-1-3.12-2.93v0c0-1.89,1.57-3,3.56-3a6.92,6.92,0,0,1,3.67,1.13l-.91,1.63a5.8,5.8,0,0,0-2.82-1c-.89,0-1.4.42-1.4,1v0c0,.74,1.08,1,2.25,1.42,1.46.45,3.1,1.12,3.1,2.91v0c0,2.1-1.63,3.14-3.71,3.14A6.9,6.9,0,0,1,15.49,67.61Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M25,58.93h2.29V60.6a4,4,0,0,1,3.41-1.87c2.35,0,4.64,1.85,4.64,5.19v0c0,3.31-2.27,5.18-4.64,5.18a4.07,4.07,0,0,1-3.41-1.76V72H25Zm8,5v0a3,3,0,0,0-2.86-3.2,3,3,0,0,0-2.91,3.2v0a3,3,0,0,0,2.91,3.2A2.93,2.93,0,0,0,33,63.94Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M37,55.22h2.46V57.4H37Zm.1,3.71h2.29v10H37.06Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M41.56,58.93h2.29v2.25a3.53,3.53,0,0,1,3.54-2.44v2.42h-.13c-2,0-3.41,1.31-3.41,3.95v3.8H41.56Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M48.63,55.22h2.46V57.4H48.63Zm.1,3.71H51v10H48.73Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M53.23,58.93h2.29v1.53a3.61,3.61,0,0,1,3.12-1.74c2.25,0,3.56,1.51,3.56,3.82v6.38H59.91V63.24c0-1.55-.78-2.44-2.14-2.44a2.23,2.23,0,0,0-2.25,2.48v5.64H53.23Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M64.17,70.79,65,69.07a6.56,6.56,0,0,0,3.56,1.06c2,0,3.16-1.06,3.16-3.07v-.78a4.18,4.18,0,0,1-3.52,1.84,4.49,4.49,0,0,1-4.54-4.67v0a4.5,4.5,0,0,1,4.54-4.69,4.34,4.34,0,0,1,3.5,1.7V58.93H74v8a5.15,5.15,0,0,1-1.27,3.77A5.62,5.62,0,0,1,68.63,72,8.65,8.65,0,0,1,64.17,70.79Zm7.59-7.36v0a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.93-2.74A2.7,2.7,0,0,0,66,63.39v0a2.72,2.72,0,0,0,2.84,2.74A2.79,2.79,0,0,0,71.76,63.43Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M87.93,58.93h2.38l-4,10.27c-.79,2-1.68,2.8-3.29,2.8a4.71,4.71,0,0,1-2.37-.61l.78-1.7a2.8,2.8,0,0,0,1.34.38c.64,0,1-.28,1.42-1.13l-4.16-10h2.46l2.82,7.42Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M90.39,64v0a5.33,5.33,0,0,1,10.66,0v0a5.33,5.33,0,0,1-10.66,0Zm8.36,0v0a3.09,3.09,0,0,0-3.07-3.22,3,3,0,0,0-3,3.18v0a3.08,3.08,0,0,0,3.05,3.2A3,3,0,0,0,98.75,64Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M102.48,65.28V58.92h2.29V64.6c0,1.55.78,2.42,2.14,2.42a2.21,2.21,0,0,0,2.25-2.46V58.92h2.31v10h-2.31V67.36A3.58,3.58,0,0,1,106,69.12C103.79,69.12,102.48,67.61,102.48,65.28Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M113.55,58.93h2.29v2.25a3.53,3.53,0,0,1,3.54-2.44v2.42h-.13c-2,0-3.41,1.31-3.41,3.95v3.8h-2.29Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M126,66.15V60.89h-1.27v-2H126V56.18h2.29v2.74h2.69v2h-2.69v4.9A1.09,1.09,0,0,0,129.48,67a3,3,0,0,0,1.42-.34v1.87a4,4,0,0,1-2.06.51C127.15,69.09,126,68.35,126,66.15Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M131.65,64v0a5,5,0,0,1,4.88-5.2c3.18,0,4.79,2.5,4.79,5.37,0,.21,0,.42,0,.64h-7.34a2.79,2.79,0,0,0,2.88,2.54,3.66,3.66,0,0,0,2.71-1.19l1.34,1.19a5.07,5.07,0,0,1-4.09,1.87A5,5,0,0,1,131.65,64Zm7.4-.74a2.59,2.59,0,0,0-2.54-2.63,2.7,2.7,0,0,0-2.59,2.63Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M142.19,66v0c0-2.16,1.68-3.22,4.12-3.22a8.25,8.25,0,0,1,2.69.42v-.25c0-1.42-.87-2.18-2.48-2.18a7.1,7.1,0,0,0-2.86.62l-.61-1.8a8.58,8.58,0,0,1,3.77-.81,4.48,4.48,0,0,1,3.31,1.12A4.14,4.14,0,0,1,151.21,63V68.9H149V67.65a4.07,4.07,0,0,1-3.25,1.46C143.86,69.12,142.19,68.05,142.19,66Zm6.85-.72v-.68a6.28,6.28,0,0,0-2.27-.4c-1.48,0-2.35.62-2.35,1.67v0c0,1,.85,1.51,1.95,1.51C147.89,67.46,149,66.59,149,65.32Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M152.64,64v0a5.15,5.15,0,0,1,5.2-5.22,5,5,0,0,1,4,1.72L160.39,62a3.35,3.35,0,0,0-2.57-1.25,3,3,0,0,0-2.89,3.18v0a3,3,0,0,0,3,3.2,3.48,3.48,0,0,0,2.59-1.23l1.38,1.36A5.24,5.24,0,0,1,152.64,64Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M163.21,55.1h2.29v5.36a3.61,3.61,0,0,1,3.12-1.74c2.25,0,3.56,1.51,3.56,3.82v6.38h-2.29V63.24c0-1.55-.78-2.44-2.14-2.44a2.23,2.23,0,0,0-2.25,2.48v5.64h-2.29Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M174.21,55.22h2.46V57.4h-2.46Zm.09,3.71h2.29v10H174.3Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M178.8,58.93h2.29v1.53a3.61,3.61,0,0,1,3.12-1.74c2.25,0,3.56,1.51,3.56,3.82v6.38h-2.29V63.24c0-1.55-.78-2.44-2.14-2.44a2.23,2.23,0,0,0-2.25,2.48v5.64H178.8Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M189.74,70.79l.85-1.72a6.56,6.56,0,0,0,3.56,1.06c2,0,3.16-1.06,3.16-3.07v-.78a4.18,4.18,0,0,1-3.52,1.84,4.49,4.49,0,0,1-4.54-4.67v0a4.5,4.5,0,0,1,4.54-4.69,4.33,4.33,0,0,1,3.5,1.7V58.93h2.29v8a5.15,5.15,0,0,1-1.27,3.77A5.62,5.62,0,0,1,194.2,72,8.67,8.67,0,0,1,189.74,70.79Zm7.59-7.36v0a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.93-2.74,2.7,2.7,0,0,0-2.84,2.74v0a2.72,2.72,0,0,0,2.84,2.74A2.79,2.79,0,0,0,197.33,63.43Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M205.91,66v0c0-2.16,1.68-3.22,4.12-3.22a8.25,8.25,0,0,1,2.69.42v-.25c0-1.42-.87-2.18-2.48-2.18a7.1,7.1,0,0,0-2.86.62l-.61-1.8a8.58,8.58,0,0,1,3.77-.81,4.46,4.46,0,0,1,3.31,1.12A4.14,4.14,0,0,1,214.93,63V68.9H212.7V67.65a4.07,4.07,0,0,1-3.25,1.46C207.58,69.12,205.91,68.05,205.91,66Zm6.85-.72v-.68a6.28,6.28,0,0,0-2.27-.4c-1.48,0-2.35.62-2.35,1.67v0c0,1,.85,1.51,1.95,1.51C211.61,67.46,212.76,66.59,212.76,65.32Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M216.91,58.93h2.29v1.53a3.61,3.61,0,0,1,3.12-1.74c2.25,0,3.56,1.51,3.56,3.82v6.38h-2.29V63.24c0-1.55-.78-2.44-2.14-2.44a2.23,2.23,0,0,0-2.25,2.48v5.64h-2.29Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M227.35,63.94v0c0-3.31,2.25-5.19,4.64-5.19a4.08,4.08,0,0,1,3.41,1.76V55.1h2.29V68.91H235.4V67.24A4,4,0,0,1,232,69.11C229.64,69.12,227.35,67.25,227.35,63.94Zm8.08,0v0a3,3,0,0,0-2.9-3.2,2.93,2.93,0,0,0-2.88,3.2v0a3,3,0,0,0,2.88,3.2A3,3,0,0,0,235.43,63.94Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M244.81,55.1h2.29V68.91h-2.29Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M248.77,64v0a5,5,0,0,1,4.88-5.2c3.18,0,4.79,2.5,4.79,5.37,0,.21,0,.42,0,.64h-7.34a2.79,2.79,0,0,0,2.88,2.54,3.66,3.66,0,0,0,2.71-1.19L258,67.27a5.07,5.07,0,0,1-4.09,1.87A5,5,0,0,1,248.77,64Zm7.4-.74a2.59,2.59,0,0,0-2.54-2.63A2.7,2.7,0,0,0,251,63.22Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M259.31,66v0c0-2.16,1.68-3.22,4.12-3.22a8.25,8.25,0,0,1,2.69.42v-.25c0-1.42-.87-2.18-2.48-2.18a7.1,7.1,0,0,0-2.86.62l-.61-1.8a8.57,8.57,0,0,1,3.76-.81,4.46,4.46,0,0,1,3.31,1.12A4.14,4.14,0,0,1,268.32,63V68.9h-2.23V67.65a4.07,4.07,0,0,1-3.25,1.46C261,69.12,259.31,68.05,259.31,66Zm6.85-.72v-.68a6.28,6.28,0,0,0-2.27-.4c-1.48,0-2.35.62-2.35,1.67v0c0,1,.85,1.51,2,1.51C265,67.46,266.16,66.59,266.16,65.32Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M270.3,58.93h2.29v2.25a3.53,3.53,0,0,1,3.54-2.44v2.42H276c-2,0-3.41,1.31-3.41,3.95v3.8H270.3Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M277.34,58.93h2.29v1.53a3.61,3.61,0,0,1,3.12-1.74c2.25,0,3.56,1.51,3.56,3.82v6.38H284V63.24c0-1.55-.78-2.44-2.14-2.44a2.23,2.23,0,0,0-2.25,2.48v5.64h-2.29v-10Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M288.33,55.22h2.46V57.4h-2.46Zm.09,3.71h2.29v10h-2.29Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M292.93,58.93h2.29v1.53a3.61,3.61,0,0,1,3.12-1.74c2.25,0,3.56,1.51,3.56,3.82v6.38h-2.29V63.24c0-1.55-.78-2.44-2.14-2.44a2.23,2.23,0,0,0-2.25,2.48v5.64h-2.29v-10Z" fill="#004976"/><path d="M303.86,70.79l.85-1.72a6.59,6.59,0,0,0,3.56,1.06c2,0,3.16-1.06,3.16-3.07v-.78a4.18,4.18,0,0,1-3.52,1.84,4.49,4.49,0,0,1-4.54-4.67v0a4.5,4.5,0,0,1,4.54-4.69,4.33,4.33,0,0,1,3.5,1.7V58.93h2.29v8a5.11,5.11,0,0,1-1.27,3.77A5.62,5.62,0,0,1,308.32,72,8.67,8.67,0,0,1,303.86,70.79Zm7.59-7.36v0a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.93-2.74,2.7,2.7,0,0,0-2.84,2.74v0a2.72,2.72,0,0,0,2.84,2.74A2.78,2.78,0,0,0,311.45,63.43Z" fill="#004976"/></g></svg> </a> </div> <div id="print_logo"> <img src="/magazine/dest/graphics/logo/print_logo.png" alt="" /> </div> <div class="mastControls"> <nav data-multi-toggle-item="" class="mastNav loggedout hide"><span class="toggleIcon"><a href="#mastnav" data-toggle-button=""><span class="assistive">Mast navigation</span></a></span><ul id="mastnav" data-toggle-element=""><li><a class="mastreglink" href="https://edu.rsc.org/register">Register</a></li><li><a class="popup" href="https://edu.rsc.org/sign-in">Sign In</a></li></ul></nav> <div class="mastheadSearch hide" data-multi-toggle-item=""> <span class="toggleIcon"> <a href="#search" data-toggle-button=""> <span class="assistive">Search our site</span> </a> </span> <form action="https://edu.rsc.org/searchresults" method="get" id="mastsearch" data-toggle-element=""> <fieldset> <div> <div class="filter-search"> <button tabindex="0" type="button" class="dropdown-toggle" id="dropdownMenuOffset" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-live="assertive">All</button> <ul aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuOffset" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="selected" data-filter-search="" aria-label="All">All</li> <li data-filter-search="WVFACET5|115500" aria-label="Resources">Resources</li> <li data-filter-search="WVFACET5|115501" aria-label="Articles">Articles</li> </ul> <input type="hidden" name="parametrics" id="parametrics" value="" /> </div> <label for="search">Search our site</label> <input type="text" id="search" value="" name="qkeyword" class="text autocomplete" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search our site" data-minlength="0" data-autoselect="false" data-autoselectonblur="true" /> <button class="mastSearch" type="submit">Search</button> </div> </fieldset> </form> </div> <div class="menuToggle"> <span class="toggleIcon"><a href="#mobilemenu" data-menu-toggle-button=""><span class="assistive">Menu</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menuContainer"> <div class="mobileMenu" id="mobilemenu"> <div class="sleeve"> <a class="menuClose" href="#wrapper"> <span>Close<span class="assistive"> menu</span></span> </a> <ul class="main"> <li class="home-icon"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/"> <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="#"> <span>I am a …</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <span>I am a …</span> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/primary-science"> <span>Primary teacher</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/secondary-fe-teacher"> <span>Secondary/FE teacher</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/early-career-or-student-teacher"> <span>Early career or student teacher</span> </a> </li> <li class="highlightdeadsubnav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/technician"> <span>Technician</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/he-teacher"> <span>HE teacher</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/student"> <span>Student</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Resources</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources"> <span>Resources</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/primary-science"> <span>Primary</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/secondary"> <span>Secondary</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/higher-education"> <span>Higher education</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/curriculum-support"> <span>Curriculum support</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/practical"> <span>Practical</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/analysis"> <span>Analysis</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/literacy-in-science-teaching"> <span>Literacy in science teaching</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/periodic-table" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Periodic table</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/periodic-table"> <span>Periodic table</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table"> <span>Interactive periodic table</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/climate-change-and-sustainability"> <span>Climate change and sustainability</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/future-in-chemistry/teachers-and-careers-advisers"> <span>Careers</span> </a> </li> <li class="break hide-desktop-mega-menu"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/resources-shop"> <span>Resources shop</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Collections</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections"> <span>Collections</span> </a> </li> <li class="highlightnavpurple"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/remote-teaching-support"> <span>Remote teaching support</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/starters-for-ten"> <span>Starters for ten</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/screen-experiments"> <span>Screen experiments</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/assessment-for-learning"> <span>Assessment for learning</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/microscale-chemistry"> <span>Microscale chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/faces-of-chemistry"> <span>Faces of chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/classic-chemistry-experiments"> <span>Classic chemistry experiments</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/nuffield-practical-collection"> <span>Nuffield practical collection</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/anecdotes-for-chemistry-teachers"> <span>Anecdotes for chemistry teachers</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/literacy-in-science-teaching"> <span>Literacy in science teaching</span> </a> </li> <li class="desktop-only"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections"> <span>More …</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/climate-change-and-sustainability"> <span>Climate change and sustainability</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/alchemy"> <span>Alchemy</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/on-this-day-in-chemistry"> <span>On this day in chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/global-experiments"> <span>Global experiments</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/phet-interactive-simulations"> <span>PhET interactive simulations</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-vignettes"> <span>Chemistry vignettes</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/context-and-problem-based-learning"> <span>Context and problem based learning</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/journal-of-the-month"> <span>Journal of the month</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Chemistry and art</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art"> <span>Chemistry and art</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/techniques"> <span>Techniques</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/art-analysis"> <span>Art analysis</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/pigments-and-colours"> <span>Pigments and colours</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/ancient-art-todays-technology"> <span>Ancient art: today's technology</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/psychology-and-art-theory"> <span>Psychology and art theory</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/art-and-archaeology"> <span>Art and archaeology</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/artists-as-chemists"> <span>Artists as chemists</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/the-physics-of-restoration-and-conservation"> <span>The physics of restoration and conservation </span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/cave-art"> <span>Cave art</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/ancient-egyptian-art"> <span>Ancient Egyptian art</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/ancient-greek-art"> <span>Ancient Greek art</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art/ancient-roman-art"> <span>Ancient Roman art</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/classic-chemistry-demonstrations"> <span>Classic chemistry demonstrations</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/in-search-of-solutions"> <span>In search of solutions</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/in-search-of-more-solutions"> <span>In search of more solutions</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/creative-problem-solving-in-chemistry"> <span>Creative problem-solving in chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/the-solar-spark-solar-energy-resources/1296.article"> <span>Solar spark</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-for-non-specialists"> <span>Chemistry for non-specialists</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/health-and-safety-in-higher-education"> <span>Health and safety in higher education</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/analytical-chemistry-introductions"> <span>Analytical chemistry introductions</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/eic/section/exhibition-chemistry"> <span>Exhibition chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/introductory-maths-for-higher-education"> <span>Introductory maths for higher education</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/commercial-skills-for-chemists"> <span>Commercial skills for chemists</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/kitchen-chemistry"> <span>Kitchen chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/journals-how-to-guides"> <span>Journals how to guides</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-in-health"> <span>Chemistry in health</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-in-sport"> <span>Chemistry in sport</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-in-your-cupboard"> <span>Chemistry in your cupboard</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chocolate-chemistry"> <span>Chocolate chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/adnoddau-addysgu-cemeg-cymraeg"> <span>Adnoddau addysgu cemeg Cymraeg</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/the-chemistry-of-fireworks"> <span>The chemistry of fireworks</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/festive-chemistry"> <span>Festive chemistry</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/eic"> <span>Education in Chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teach-chemistry"> <span>Teach Chemistry</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/events"> <span>Events</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Teacher PD</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd"> <span>Teacher PD</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="#"> <span>Courses</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <span>Courses</span> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/on-demand-online-courses"> <span>On-demand online</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/live-online-courses"> <span>Live online</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/course-resources"> <span>Resources</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/articles"> <span>Selected PD articles</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/primary-science/boost-your-knowledge"> <span>PD for primary teachers</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/professional-development-for-secondary-science-teachers"> <span>PD for secondary teachers</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/what-we-offer"> <span>What we offer</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/chartered-science-teacher-csciteach"> <span>Chartered Science Teacher (CSciTeach)</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/teacher-mentoring"> <span>Teacher mentoring</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Enrichment</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment"> <span>Enrichment</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad" aria-expanded="false"> <span>UK Chemistry Olympiad</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad"> <span>UK Chemistry Olympiad</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad#who"> <span>Who can enter?</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad#how"> <span>How does it work?</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad#resources"> <span>Resources and past papers</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad#FAQ"> <span>FAQs</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/top-of-the-bench"> <span>Top of the Bench</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/schools-analyst"> <span>Schools' Analyst</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Our work</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work"> <span>Our work</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/regional-support" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Regional support</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/regional-support"> <span>Regional support</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/regional-support/education-coordinators"> <span>Education coordinators</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/regional-support/rsc-yusuf-hamied-inspirational-science-programme"> <span>RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/policy"> <span>Policy</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/rsc-education-news"> <span>RSC Education News</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/supporting-teacher-training"> <span>Supporting teacher training</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/interest-groups"> <span>Interest groups</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mobileMenuClose"></div> <div id="mainnav" class="desktopNavigation container" data-menu-open-pushed=""><div class="dropdown vanityPanel"><div class="inner-sleeve"></div></div><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul class="main preJS"><li data-navcode="101762" data-rootnavcode="101762" class="current home-icon"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100037" data-rootnavcode="100037" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><span>I am a …</span><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="101002" data-rootnavcode="100037" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/primary-science"><span>Primary teacher</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100189" data-rootnavcode="100037" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/secondary-fe-teacher"><span>Secondary/FE teacher</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101057" data-rootnavcode="100037" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/early-career-or-student-teacher"><span>Early career or student teacher</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100191" data-rootnavcode="100037" class="highlightdeadsubnav"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/technician"><span>Technician</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100491" data-rootnavcode="100037" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/he-teacher"><span>HE teacher</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100492" data-rootnavcode="100037" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/student"><span>Student</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="htmlBlock"><div><div class="column megamenuad"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/primary-science"> <div class="image embedImage"> <img loading="lazy" alt="A primary school child raises their hand in a classroom" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_primary_webimage275pxx315px_web_186544.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_primary_webimage275pxx315px_web_186544.jpg 480w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/780xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_primary_webimage275pxx315px_web_186544.jpg 780w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1000xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_primary_webimage275pxx315px_web_186544.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 33vw, (max-width: 768px) 50vw, (max-width: 1024px) 65vw, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 100vw"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="column megamenuad"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/secondary-fe-teacher"> <div class="image embedImage"> <img loading="lazy" alt="A teacher sitting at a desk with students using a tablet device" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_secondary_webimage275pxx315px_web_371420.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_secondary_webimage275pxx315px_web_371420.jpg 480w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/780xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_secondary_webimage275pxx315px_web_371420.jpg 780w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1000xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_secondary_webimage275pxx315px_web_371420.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 33vw, (max-width: 768px) 50vw, (max-width: 1024px) 65vw, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 100vw"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="column megamenuad"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/technician"> <div class="image embedImage"> <img loading="lazy" alt="A teacher in a classroom talking to a student wearing a lab coat and using a laptop computer" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_technician_webimage275pxx315px_web_472201.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_technician_webimage275pxx315px_web_472201.jpg 480w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/780xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_technician_webimage275pxx315px_web_472201.jpg 780w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1000xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_technician_webimage275pxx315px_web_472201.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 33vw, (max-width: 768px) 50vw, (max-width: 1024px) 65vw, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 100vw"/> </div> </a> </div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="101758" data-rootnavcode="101758" class="hasChildren twoSubNav"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources"><span>Resources</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="101000" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/primary-science"><span>Primary</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101759" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/secondary"><span>Secondary</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101653" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/higher-education"><span>Higher education</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100456" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/curriculum-support"><span>Curriculum support</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101554" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/practical"><span>Practical</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100230" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/analysis"><span>Analysis</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101020" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/literacy-in-science-teaching"><span>Literacy in science teaching</span></a></li><li data-navcode="297" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/periodic-table"><span>Periodic table</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="100232" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table"><span>Interactive periodic table</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-navcode="101021" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/climate-change-and-sustainability"><span>Climate change and sustainability</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101637" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/future-in-chemistry/teachers-and-careers-advisers"><span>Careers</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100340" data-rootnavcode="101758" class="break hide-desktop-mega-menu"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/resources-shop"><span>Resources shop</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="100271" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections"><span>Collections</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="100974" data-rootnavcode="101758" class="highlightnavpurple"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/remote-teaching-support"><span>Remote teaching support</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100268" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/starters-for-ten"><span>Starters for ten</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101069" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/screen-experiments"><span>Screen experiments</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100286" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/assessment-for-learning"><span>Assessment for learning</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101212" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/microscale-chemistry"><span>Microscale chemistry</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100604" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/faces-of-chemistry"><span>Faces of chemistry</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100596" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/classic-chemistry-experiments"><span>Classic chemistry experiments</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100327" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/nuffield-practical-collection"><span>Nuffield practical collection</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100269" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/anecdotes-for-chemistry-teachers"><span>Anecdotes for chemistry teachers</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101254" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/literacy-in-science-teaching"><span>Literacy in science teaching</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100956" data-rootnavcode="101758" class="desktop-only"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections"><span>More …</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101750" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/climate-change-and-sustainability"><span>Climate change and sustainability</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100591" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/alchemy"><span>Alchemy</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100231" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/on-this-day-in-chemistry"><span>On this day in chemistry</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101205" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/global-experiments"><span>Global experiments</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100270" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/phet-interactive-simulations"><span>PhET interactive simulations</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100281" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-vignettes"><span>Chemistry vignettes</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100282" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/context-and-problem-based-learning"><span>Context and problem based learning</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100279" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/journal-of-the-month"><span>Journal of the month</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100310" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-and-art"><span>Chemistry and art</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100326" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/classic-chemistry-demonstrations"><span>Classic chemistry demonstrations</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100329" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/in-search-of-solutions"><span>In search of solutions</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100331" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/in-search-of-more-solutions"><span>In search of more solutions</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100337" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/creative-problem-solving-in-chemistry"><span>Creative problem-solving in chemistry</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101291" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/the-solar-spark-solar-energy-resources/1296.article"><span>Solar spark</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101439" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-for-non-specialists"><span>Chemistry for non-specialists</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100424" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/health-and-safety-in-higher-education"><span>Health and safety in higher education</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100482" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/analytical-chemistry-introductions"><span>Analytical chemistry introductions</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100499" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/eic/section/exhibition-chemistry"><span>Exhibition chemistry</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100513" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/introductory-maths-for-higher-education"><span>Introductory maths for higher education</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100514" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/commercial-skills-for-chemists"><span>Commercial skills for chemists</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100592" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/kitchen-chemistry"><span>Kitchen chemistry</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100593" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/journals-how-to-guides"><span>Journals how to guides</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100594" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-in-health"><span>Chemistry in health</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100595" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-in-sport"><span>Chemistry in sport</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100716" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chemistry-in-your-cupboard"><span>Chemistry in your cupboard</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101008" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/chocolate-chemistry"><span>Chocolate chemistry</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101091" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/adnoddau-addysgu-cemeg-cymraeg"><span>Adnoddau addysgu cemeg Cymraeg</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101269" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/the-chemistry-of-fireworks"><span>The chemistry of fireworks</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101334" data-rootnavcode="101758" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collections/festive-chemistry"><span>Festive chemistry</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="htmlBlock"><div><div class="column megamenuad"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/curriculum-support"> <div class="image embedImage"> <img loading="lazy" alt="A student writes on a whiteboard in a school classroom" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_curriculumexplorer_webimage275pxx315px_web_975224.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_curriculumexplorer_webimage275pxx315px_web_975224.jpg 480w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/780xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_curriculumexplorer_webimage275pxx315px_web_975224.jpg 780w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1000xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_curriculumexplorer_webimage275pxx315px_web_975224.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 33vw, (max-width: 768px) 50vw, (max-width: 1024px) 65vw, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 100vw"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="column megamenuad"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/resources-shop"><div class="image"><img loading="lazy" alt="Resources shop" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/275x315/P/web/e/i/e/resourcesshop_275x315_846604.jpg" /></div></a> </div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="100305" data-rootnavcode="100305"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/eic"><span>Education in Chemistry</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101728" data-rootnavcode="101728"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teach-chemistry"><span>Teach Chemistry</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101685" data-rootnavcode="101685"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/events"><span>Events</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101631" data-rootnavcode="101631" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd"><span>Teacher PD</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="100890" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><span>Courses</span><ul><li data-navcode="100891" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/on-demand-online-courses"><span>On-demand online</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100892" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/live-online-courses"><span>Live online</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100893" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/course-resources"><span>Resources</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-navcode="100904" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/articles"><span>Selected PD articles</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101001" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/primary-science/boost-your-knowledge"><span>PD for primary teachers</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100504" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/professional-development-for-secondary-science-teachers"><span>PD for secondary teachers</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100751" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/what-we-offer"><span>What we offer</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101739" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/chartered-science-teacher-csciteach"><span>Chartered Science Teacher (CSciTeach)</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101655" data-rootnavcode="101631" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd/teacher-mentoring"><span>Teacher mentoring</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="htmlBlock"><div><div class="column span-2 megamenuad"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/teacher-pd"> <div class="image embedImage"> <img loading="lazy" alt="A teacher sitting at a desk in a classroom with four secondary school students" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_tpd_webimage275pxx315px_web_135596.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_tpd_webimage275pxx315px_web_135596.jpg 480w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/780xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_tpd_webimage275pxx315px_web_135596.jpg 780w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1000xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_tpd_webimage275pxx315px_web_135596.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 33vw, (max-width: 768px) 50vw, (max-width: 1024px) 65vw, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 100vw"/> </div> </a> </div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="101387" data-rootnavcode="101387" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment"><span>Enrichment</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="101726" data-rootnavcode="101387" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad"><span>UK Chemistry Olympiad</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="100392" data-rootnavcode="101387" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad#who"><span>Who can enter?</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100393" data-rootnavcode="101387" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad#how"><span>How does it work?</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100394" data-rootnavcode="101387" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad#resources"><span>Resources and past papers</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100396" data-rootnavcode="101387" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/uk-chemistry-olympiad#FAQ"><span>FAQs</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-navcode="101740" data-rootnavcode="101387" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/top-of-the-bench"><span>Top of the Bench</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101294" data-rootnavcode="101387" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/enrichment/schools-analyst"><span>Schools' Analyst</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/uk-chemistry-olympiad/how-to-prepare-for-the-chemistry-olympiad/4012809.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/9/0/2/515902_chemicalformulaonblackboard_gettyimages_1181561352_625154.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="A close-up photograph of a chemical formula written in pink chalk on a blackboard, with other chemical structures drawn in different colours in the background"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">How to prepare for the Chemistry Olympiad</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/uk-chemistry-olympiad/chemistry-olympiad-worked-answers/4014037.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/8/8/6/515886_studentstudyingathome_gettyimages_949224768_403852.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="A female student wearing a hijab studies at home, using a notebook, pen and laptop"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Chemistry Olympiad worked answers</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/uk-chemistry-olympiad/chemistry-olympiad-past-papers/1641.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/8/8/8/515888_studentcompletingexamorform_gettyimages_1239844481_986790.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="A student's hands holding a pen and writing on an exam paper on a desk; a notebook, mug and laptop are visible in the background"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Chemistry Olympiad past papers</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="100170" data-rootnavcode="100170" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work"><span>Our work</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="100477" data-rootnavcode="100170" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/regional-support"><span>Regional support</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="101727" data-rootnavcode="100170" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/regional-support/education-coordinators"><span>Education coordinators</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101593" data-rootnavcode="100170" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/regional-support/rsc-yusuf-hamied-inspirational-science-programme"><span>RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-navcode="100429" data-rootnavcode="100170" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/policy"><span>Policy</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100435" data-rootnavcode="100170" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/rsc-education-news"><span>RSC Education News</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100458" data-rootnavcode="100170" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/supporting-teacher-training"><span>Supporting teacher training</span></a></li><li data-navcode="100610" data-rootnavcode="100170" class=""><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/interest-groups"><span>Interest groups</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="htmlBlock"><div><div class="column megamenuad"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/supporting-teacher-training"> <div class="image embedImage"> <img loading="lazy" alt="A teacher trainer and a trainee teacher discussing a chemistry experiment" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_tts_webimage275pxx315px_web_10087.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_tts_webimage275pxx315px_web_10087.jpg 480w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/780xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_tts_webimage275pxx315px_web_10087.jpg 780w, https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1000xAny/P/web/w/w/h/m_education_tts_webimage275pxx315px_web_10087.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 480px) 33vw, (max-width: 768px) 50vw, (max-width: 1024px) 65vw, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 100vw"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="column span-2"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/our-work/regional-support/education-coordinators"><div class="image"><img loading="lazy" alt="RSC Education Coordinators" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/575x315/P/web/a/v/h/educationcoordinators_575x315_430044.jpg" /></div></a> </div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="more hide"><a href="#mobilemenu" data-menu-toggle-button="" aria-expanded="false"><span> More<span class="assistive"> navigation items</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="desktopNavigationSpace"></div> </div> </header> <!-- Masthead leaderboard - under nav --> <div id="wrapper_sleeve" data-menu-open-pushed> <div id="columns" class="container"> <div id="colwrapper" class="inner-sleeve"> <div id="colmain" role="main"> <div id="content"> <div id="content_sleeve"> <div class="contentWrapper"> <div class="searchDetails"><h1>All Resource articles</h1><p>View all stories of the same content type.</p></div> <div class="listBlocks"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collision-theory-and-maxwell-boltzmann-distribution-curves/4020498.article" class="image"> <img alt="Example pages from teacher notes, student worksheets and classroom slides that make up this resource" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/2/7/537827_indeximage_184608.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/2/7/537827_indeximage_184608.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/8/2/7/537827_indeximage_184608.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/8/2/7/537827_indeximage_184608.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/8/2/7/537827_indeximage_184608.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/collision-theory-and-maxwell-boltzmann-distribution-curves/4020498.article">Collision theory and Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution curves</a> </h3> <p>Use this lesson plan, presentation and student worksheet to recap collision theory, before going on to introduce the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution.&nbsp;</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/covalent-bonding-developing-understanding-14-16-years/4020234.article" class="image"> <img alt="Covalent bonding DU PREVIEW IMAGE" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/9/3/536793_covalentbondingdupreviewimage_481984.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/9/3/536793_covalentbondingdupreviewimage_481984.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/7/9/3/536793_covalentbondingdupreviewimage_481984.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/7/9/3/536793_covalentbondingdupreviewimage_481984.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/7/9/3/536793_covalentbondingdupreviewimage_481984.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/covalent-bonding-developing-understanding-14-16-years/4020234.article">Covalent bonding | Developing understanding | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Develop learners’ understanding of the size and shape of covalent structures by interpreting a range of diagrams and models</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/ionic-bonding-developing-understanding-14-16-years/4020236.article" class="image"> <img alt="Ionic structure DU PREVIEW IMAGE" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/7/7/537277_ionicstructuredupreviewimage_283546.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/7/7/537277_ionicstructuredupreviewimage_283546.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/2/7/7/537277_ionicstructuredupreviewimage_283546.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/2/7/7/537277_ionicstructuredupreviewimage_283546.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/2/7/7/537277_ionicstructuredupreviewimage_283546.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/ionic-bonding-developing-understanding-14-16-years/4020236.article">Ionic bonding | Developing understanding | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Develop learners’ understanding of ionic lattices through comparing 2D and 3D representations</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/metallic-bonding-developing-understanding-14-16/4020238.article" class="image"> <img alt="Metllaic bonding Developing Understanding PREVIEW IMAGE" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/7/4/537274_metllaicbondingdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_78230.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/7/4/537274_metllaicbondingdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_78230.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/2/7/4/537274_metllaicbondingdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_78230.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/2/7/4/537274_metllaicbondingdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_78230.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/2/7/4/537274_metllaicbondingdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_78230.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/metallic-bonding-developing-understanding-14-16/4020238.article">Metallic bonding | Developing understanding | 14–16</a> </h3> <p>Develop learners’ sub-microscopic understanding by interpreting a range of models used to represent metallic structure and metal ions</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/carbon-allotropes-developing-understanding-14-16/4020239.article" class="image"> <img alt="Carbon allotropes Developing Understanding PREVIEW IMAGE" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/5/6/537256_carbonallotropesdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_37849.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/5/6/537256_carbonallotropesdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_37849.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/2/5/6/537256_carbonallotropesdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_37849.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/2/5/6/537256_carbonallotropesdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_37849.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/2/5/6/537256_carbonallotropesdevelopingunderstandingpreviewimage_37849.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/carbon-allotropes-developing-understanding-14-16/4020239.article">Carbon allotropes | Developing understanding | 14–16</a> </h3> <p>Encourage learners to think about how different structures of carbon are represented and what this means at the sub-microscopic level</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/primary/popping-good-chemistry/4020270.article" class="image"> <img alt="Example pages from teacher notes, student worksheet and classroom slides that make up this resource, one half shows the primary resource and the other half the lower secondary version" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/1/3/4/537134_poppingbothindeximage_79850.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/1/3/4/537134_poppingbothindeximage_79850.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/1/3/4/537134_poppingbothindeximage_79850.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/1/3/4/537134_poppingbothindeximage_79850.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/1/3/4/537134_poppingbothindeximage_79850.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/primary/popping-good-chemistry/4020270.article">Popping good chemistry</a> </h3> <p>Investigate simple chemical reactions, irreversible changes and gases around us with this exciting experiment</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/carbon-allotropes-johnstones-triangle-worksheets-14-16-years/4019946.article" class="image"> <img alt="Carbon allotropes Johnstone's Triangle PREVIEW IMAGE" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/9/2/1/535921_carbonallotropesjohnstonestrianglepreviewimage_21859.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/9/2/1/535921_carbonallotropesjohnstonestrianglepreviewimage_21859.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/9/2/1/535921_carbonallotropesjohnstonestrianglepreviewimage_21859.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/9/2/1/535921_carbonallotropesjohnstonestrianglepreviewimage_21859.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/9/2/1/535921_carbonallotropesjohnstonestrianglepreviewimage_21859.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/carbon-allotropes-johnstones-triangle-worksheets-14-16-years/4019946.article">Carbon allotropes | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Use these worksheets to get learners thinking about carbon allotropes at different levels, from sub-microscopic structures to macroscopic properties</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/covalent-bonding-johnstones-triangle-worksheets-14-16-years/4019964.article" class="image"> <img alt="Covalent bonding Johnstone's traingle PREVIEW IMAGE" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/9/9/4/535994_covalentbondingjohnstonestrainglepreviewimage_866442.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/9/9/4/535994_covalentbondingjohnstonestrainglepreviewimage_866442.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/9/9/4/535994_covalentbondingjohnstonestrainglepreviewimage_866442.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/9/9/4/535994_covalentbondingjohnstonestrainglepreviewimage_866442.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/9/9/4/535994_covalentbondingjohnstonestrainglepreviewimage_866442.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/covalent-bonding-johnstones-triangle-worksheets-14-16-years/4019964.article">Covalent bonding | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of covalent bonding, including symbolic models and how macroscopic properties relate to the type of bonding</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/metallic-bonding-johnstones-triangle-worksheets-14-16-years/4019968.article" class="image"> <img alt="Metallic bonding JT PREVIEW IMAGE" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/0/0/536000_metallicbondingjtpreviewimage_428301.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/0/0/536000_metallicbondingjtpreviewimage_428301.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/0/0/0/536000_metallicbondingjtpreviewimage_428301.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/0/0/0/536000_metallicbondingjtpreviewimage_428301.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/0/0/0/536000_metallicbondingjtpreviewimage_428301.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/metallic-bonding-johnstones-triangle-worksheets-14-16-years/4019968.article">Metallic bonding | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding&nbsp;of metallic bonding, including symbols and diagrams and how macroscopic properties relate to the type of bonding</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/ionic-bonding-johnstones-triangle-worksheets-14-16-years/4019969.article" class="image"> <img alt="Ionic bonding JT PREVIEW" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/2/2/536022_ionicbondingjtpreview_349803.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/2/2/536022_ionicbondingjtpreview_349803.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/0/2/2/536022_ionicbondingjtpreview_349803.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/0/2/2/536022_ionicbondingjtpreview_349803.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/0/2/2/536022_ionicbondingjtpreview_349803.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/johnstones-triangle-resources/ionic-bonding-johnstones-triangle-worksheets-14-16-years/4019969.article">Ionic bonding | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of&nbsp;ionic structures and bonding, including symbols and diagrams and how macroscopic properties are related to bonding</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/fractional-distillation-and-hydrocarbons-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019151.article" class="image"> <img alt="Example pages from the teacher guidance showing answers, and student worksheets at three levels" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/7/2/534072_downloadthisimage_680773.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/7/2/534072_downloadthisimage_680773.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/0/7/2/534072_downloadthisimage_680773.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/0/7/2/534072_downloadthisimage_680773.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/0/7/2/534072_downloadthisimage_680773.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/fractional-distillation-and-hydrocarbons-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019151.article">Fractional distillation and hydrocarbons | Review my learning worksheets | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Identify learning gaps and misconceptions with this set of worksheets offering three levels of support</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/solubility-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019149.article" class="image"> <img alt="Previews of the Review my learning: solubility teacher guidance and scaffolded student sheets" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/5/9/533759_rmlsolubilityindeximage_580960.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/5/9/533759_rmlsolubilityindeximage_580960.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/7/5/9/533759_rmlsolubilityindeximage_580960.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/7/5/9/533759_rmlsolubilityindeximage_580960.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/7/5/9/533759_rmlsolubilityindeximage_580960.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/solubility-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019149.article">Solubility | Review my learning worksheets | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Identify learning gaps and misconceptions with this set of worksheets offering three levels of support</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/representing-elements-and-compounds-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019148.article" class="image"> <img alt="Previews of the Review my learning: representing elements and compounds teacher guidance and scaffolded student sheets" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/6/5/7/533657_representingelementsandcompoundsindeximage_482659.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/6/5/7/533657_representingelementsandcompoundsindeximage_482659.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/6/5/7/533657_representingelementsandcompoundsindeximage_482659.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/6/5/7/533657_representingelementsandcompoundsindeximage_482659.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/6/5/7/533657_representingelementsandcompoundsindeximage_482659.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/representing-elements-and-compounds-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019148.article">Representing elements and compounds | Review my learning worksheets | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Identify learning gaps and misconceptions with this set of worksheets offering three levels of support</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/chromatography-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019150.article" class="image"> <img alt="Previews of the Review my learning: chromatography teacher guidance and scaffolded student sheets" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/5/4/533854_rmlchromatographyindeximage_783951.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/5/4/533854_rmlchromatographyindeximage_783951.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/8/5/4/533854_rmlchromatographyindeximage_783951.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/8/5/4/533854_rmlchromatographyindeximage_783951.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/8/5/4/533854_rmlchromatographyindeximage_783951.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/chromatography-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019150.article">Chromatography | Review my learning worksheets | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p class="meta"> <span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-05-10T13:33:00Z&quot;}">2024-05-10T13:33:00Z</span> </p> <p>Identify learning gaps and misconceptions with this set of worksheets offering three levels of support</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/addition-polymerisation-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019152.article" class="image"> <img alt="Previews of the Review my learning: addition polymerisation teacher guidance and scaffolded student sheets" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/3/5/533335_additionpolymerisationrmlindeximage_551890_crop.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/3/5/533335_additionpolymerisationrmlindeximage_551890_crop.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/3/3/5/533335_additionpolymerisationrmlindeximage_551890_crop.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/3/3/5/533335_additionpolymerisationrmlindeximage_551890_crop.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/3/3/5/533335_additionpolymerisationrmlindeximage_551890_crop.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/addition-polymerisation-review-my-learning-worksheets-14-16-years/4019152.article">Addition polymerisation | Review my learning worksheets | 14–16 years</a> </h3> <p>Identify learning gaps and misconceptions with this set of worksheets offering three levels of support</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/structure-strips/particle-diagrams-structure-strip-14-16/4019404.article" class="image"> <img alt="Particle model index image" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/8/3/534083_particlemodelindeximage_418806.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/8/3/534083_particlemodelindeximage_418806.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/0/8/3/534083_particlemodelindeximage_418806.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/0/8/3/534083_particlemodelindeximage_418806.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/0/8/3/534083_particlemodelindeximage_418806.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/structure-strips/particle-diagrams-structure-strip-14-16/4019404.article">Particle diagrams | Structure strip | 14–16</a> </h3> <p class="meta"> <span class="rating"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="rating-display-item rating-display-item-five" viewBox="0 0 144 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Five out of five</title><path d="M24,8.18H15.53L12,0,8.39,8.18H0l6.37,6.53L3.65,24,12,19.28l8.31,4.64-2.72-9.28Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#df83e3" /><path d="M54,8.18H45.53L42,0,38.39,8.18H30l6.37,6.53L33.65,24,42,19.28l8.31,4.64-2.72-9.28Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#df83e3" /><path d="M84,8.18H75.53L72,0,68.39,8.18H60l6.37,6.53L63.65,24,72,19.28l8.31,4.64-2.72-9.28Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#df83e3" /><path d="M114,8.18h-8.47L102,0,98.39,8.18H90l6.37,6.53L93.65,24,102,19.28l8.31,4.64-2.72-9.28Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#df83e3" /><path d="M144,8.18h-8.47L132,0l-3.57,8.18H120l6.37,6.53L123.65,24,132,19.28l8.31,4.64-2.72-9.28Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#df83e3" /></svg></span> </p> <p>Support learners to describe and evaluate the particle model for solids, liquids and gases with this writing activity</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/structure-strips/atoms-and-ions-structure-strip-14-16/4019402.article" class="image"> <img alt="Atoms and ions index image" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/3/8/534038_atomsandionsindeximage_151692.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/3/8/534038_atomsandionsindeximage_151692.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/0/3/8/534038_atomsandionsindeximage_151692.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/0/3/8/534038_atomsandionsindeximage_151692.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/0/3/8/534038_atomsandionsindeximage_151692.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/structure-strips/atoms-and-ions-structure-strip-14-16/4019402.article">Atoms and ions | Structure strip | 14–16</a> </h3> <p>Support learners to recall and write about ion formation and factors that affect it</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/structure-strips/structure-of-the-atom-structure-strip-14-16/4019399.article" class="image"> <img alt="Atomic structure index image" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/5/3/534053_atomicstructureindeximage_695705.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/5/3/534053_atomicstructureindeximage_695705.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/0/5/3/534053_atomicstructureindeximage_695705.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/0/5/3/534053_atomicstructureindeximage_695705.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/0/5/3/534053_atomicstructureindeximage_695705.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/structure-strips/structure-of-the-atom-structure-strip-14-16/4019399.article">Structure of the atom | Structure strip | 14–16</a> </h3> <p>Support learners to recall and write about the properties of subatomic particles and the structure of an atom</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/chromatography-challenge-16-18-years/4018925.article" class="image"> <img alt="Composite image showing tubes of flourescent spheres and organic molcules and previews of the Chromatography challenge student worksheet and teacher notes, all on a blue background" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/6/8/1/532681_post16chromatographyresourceindeximage_357830.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/6/8/1/532681_post16chromatographyresourceindeximage_357830.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/6/8/1/532681_post16chromatographyresourceindeximage_357830.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/6/8/1/532681_post16chromatographyresourceindeximage_357830.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/6/8/1/532681_post16chromatographyresourceindeximage_357830.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/chromatography-challenge-16-18-years/4018925.article">Chromatography challenge | 16–18 years</a> </h3> <p>Explore&nbsp;analytical&nbsp;techniques and their applications with a chromatography&nbsp;investigation and research activity</p> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/structure-strips/covalent-bonding-structure-strip-14-16/4019071.article" class="image"> <img alt="Covalent" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/6/0/4/532604_covalent_930279.jpg" srcset="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/6/0/4/532604_covalent_930279.jpg 100w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/6/0/4/532604_covalent_930279.jpg 172w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/6/0/4/532604_covalent_930279.jpg 220w,https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/6/0/4/532604_covalent_930279.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /> </a> <div class="storyDetails"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type" class="storyType">Resource</a> <h3> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/structure-strips/covalent-bonding-structure-strip-14-16/4019071.article">Covalent bonding | Structure strip | 14–16</a> </h3> <p>Understand covalent bonding diagrams and their limitations, with this scaffolded writing activity</p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="paging"> <div class="paging_numbers"> <ul> <li class="first"> <span class="previous"> Previous<span> Page</span></span> </li> <li class="selected"> <span tabindex="0"> <span>Page</span>1</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=2"> <span>Page</span>2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=3"> <span>Page</span>3</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=4"> <span>Page</span>4</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=5"> <span>Page</span>5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=6"> <span>Page</span>6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=7"> <span>Page</span>7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=8"> <span>Page</span>8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=9"> <span>Page</span>9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=10"> <span>Page</span>10</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resource/2015.type?page=2" class="next"> Next<span> Page</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="rightcolumn" class="fixedrightcolumn rightcolumn"> <div id="rightcolumn_sleeve"> <!-- Non-story AdvertA pagetext --> <div class="ad mpu-fix-size" data-mpu-end=""> <!-- DFP /97414310/EIC_MPU_Top --> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1478612564129-3" class="ad-mpu ad-250"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1478612564129-3"); }); </script> </div> <!-- DFP - end --> </div> <div id="rhcreflow-desktop"> <div class="" data-reflow-content="" data-ajax-load-content="" data-url="/ajax/most?rhs=1&storypage=1"></div> </div> <!-- Non-story AdvertB pagetext --> <div class="ad stickyAd mpu-fix-size"> <!-- DFP /97414310/EIC_MPU_Middle --> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1478612564129-1" class="ad-mpu ad-250"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1478612564129-1"); }); </script> </div> <!-- DFP - end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer_ad"> <div class="footer_ad_strip"> <div class="ad"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container footerTopNavPageText"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <!-- Asset Footer Above Navigation --> </div> </div> <div class="container bottomNav"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="first"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/contact-us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/issues">Issues</a></li><li><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/contributors">Contributors</a></li><li><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/email-alerts">Email alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/faqs">FAQs</a></li><li class="last"><a href="https://edu.rsc.org/resources/explaining-our-health-and-safety-guidance/1752.article">Safety</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="bottom"> <div class="container footerBottomNavPageText"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <style> /* CSS Document */ /* OVERRIDES AND REQUIRED STYLES FROM OLD OXYGEN */ .rsc-ui hr { clear: both; } .rsc-ui hr.clear { box-shadow: none; border-color: transparent; -webkit-margin-before: 0px; height: 0px; margin-bottom: -1px; } /* END OVERRIDES AND REQUIRED STYLES FROM OLD OXYGEN */ .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer { background-color: #252729; clear: both; width: 100%; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: 500; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .breadcrumbs { background-color: #383B3D; border-bottom: 1px solid #54585A; border-top: 1px solid #54585A; height: 40px; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .breadcrumbs ul { margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 8px; -webkit-margin-before: 8px; -webkit-margin-after: 8px; -webkit-padding-start: 8px; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .breadcrumbs li { display: inline-block; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .breadcrumbs li a { color: #ADADAD; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .breadcrumbs li a:hover, .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .breadcrumbs li a:focus .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .breadcrumbs li a.selected { color: #FFFFFF; -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .breadcrumbs li.extra { display: none; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .rsc-logo { box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; width: 50%; float: left; text-align: center; padding: 32px 0 0 16px; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .rsc-logo img { width: 100%; max-width: 320px; height: auto; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links { box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; padding: 32px 0; width: 100%; float: right; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links ul { margin: 0 8px; padding: 0; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links ul li { box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; float: left; list-style-type: none; line-height: 24px; padding: 0 0 0 16px; margin: 0; border-left: 1px solid #383B3D; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links ul li a { color: #ADADAD; display: block; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 300; text-decoration: none; -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links ul li a:hover, .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links ul li a:focus { color: #FFFFFF; -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .baseline { border-top: 1px solid #383B3D; box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; min-height: 96px; height: 100%; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .baseline .copyright { box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; color: #ADADAD; font-size: 13px; padding: 8px; width: 100%; float: left; text-align: center; font-weight: 300; line-height: 24px; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .social-icons { display: block; height: 64px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 4px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .social-icons a { display:inline-block; height:48px; width:48px; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .social-icons a img { box-sizing: content-box; -moz-box-sizing: content-box; -webkit-box-sizing: content-box; padding: 8px; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .facebook { background-color: #346da6; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .facebook:hover { background-color: transparent; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .twitter { background-color: #429ecc; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .twitter:hover { background-color:transparent; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .linkedin { background-color:#346da6; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .linkedin:hover { background-color:transparent; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .youtube { background-color:#ca4638; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .youtube:hover { background-color:transparent; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .social-icons span { display: none; } /* Responsive classes */ /* Small viewports */ @media only screen and (min-width: 480px) { .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links ul li { width: 50%; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .social-icons { margin-right: 8px; } } /* Mid viewports */ @media only screen and (min-width: 640px) { .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .social-icons { float: right; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .baseline .copyright { width: auto; text-align: left; padding: 8px; } } /* ipad specific viewports */ @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links ul li { width: 33.33%; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .rsc-logo { padding: 64px 0; width: 320px; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .breadcrumbs li.extra { display: inline-block; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .social-icons { margin-right: 16px; } } /* Full viewports */ @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { } /* Wide viewports */ @media only screen and (min-width: 1168px) { .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .rsc-logo { width: 35%; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links { width: 65%; margin-top: 20px; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links ul li { width: 33.333%; } } /* Super wide viewports */ @media only screen and (min-width: 1460px) { .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .rsc-logo { width: 35%; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links { width: 65%; margin-top: 40px; } .rsc-ui footer.rsc-footer .links ul li { width: 33.333%; } } </style> <div data-id="pnlGlobalFooter"> <div class="rsc-ui"> <!-- Start oxygen footer --> <footer class="rsc-footer"> <div class="nav" id="pnlSiteMap"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <div class="rsc-logo"> <img alt="Royal Society of Chemistry homepage" src="https://d1ymz67w5raq8g.cloudfront.net/Pictures/web/o/k/l/rsc_logo_rev_rgb_961695.svg" /> </div> <div class="links"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/about-us/">About us</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/membership-and-community/">Membership &amp; professional community</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/campaigning-outreach/">Campaigning &amp; outreach</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/">Journals, books &amp; databases</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/news-events/">News&nbsp;&amp; events</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/locations-contacts/">Locations &amp; contacts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/teaching-and-learning/">Teaching &amp; learning</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/prizes-funding/">Awards &amp; funding</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/advertise">Advertise</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/">Help &amp; legal</a></li> <li><a href="https://rsc.li/privacy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/">Terms &amp; conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="baseline"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <div class="social-icons"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/RoyalSocietyofChemistry" class="facebook"><span>Facebook</span><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/v2/images/icons/facebook.png" height="32" width="32" alt=""></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/RoySocChem" class="twitter"><span>Twitter</span><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/v2/images/icons/twitter.png" height="32" width="32" alt="Twitter logo"></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/23105" class="linkedin"><span>LinkedIn</span><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/v2/images/icons/linkedin.png" height="32" width="32" alt="LinkedIn logo"></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/wwwRSCorg" class="youtube"><span>Youtube</span><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/v2/images/icons/youtube.png" height="32" width="32" alt="YouTube logo"></a> </div> <div class="copyright"> © Royal Society of Chemistry <script type="text/javascript"> document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); </script> <br> Registered charity number: 207890 </div> </div> </div> <hr class="clear"> <div class="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer"> <div id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-non-br">This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. <span id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-global"> See how this site uses <a href="/cookies">cookies</a>. </span> <span id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-ca" style="display: none;"> <a href="/cookies">Do not sell my personal data</a>. </span> </div> <div id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-br" style="display: none;"> Este site coleta cookies para oferecer uma melhor experiência ao usuário. <span> Veja como este site usa <a href="/cookies">cookies</a>. </span> </div> </div> </footer> <!-- End oxygen footer --> </div> </div> <p class="webvision">Site powered by <a href="https://www.abacusemedia.com/webvisioncloud">Webvision Cloud</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="/Magazine/core.js?p=7513768184411900" defer></script> <!-- Ajax logging --> <!-- <script> $(document).ajaxSuccess(function(event, xhr, settings) { var ajaxURL = settings.url; console.log(settings); console.log(xhr); }); </script> --> <!-- OneTrust footer toggle script --> <script> function otShowCookieFooter() { var geo = OneTrust.getGeolocationData(); if (geo.state == "ca") { document.getElementById("rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-global").style.display = "none"; document.getElementById("rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-ca").style.display = "block"; } else if (geo.country == "br") { document.getElementById("rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-non-br").style.display = "none"; document.getElementById("rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-br").style.display = "block"; } } </script> <!-- End OneTrust footer toggle script --> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10