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</div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Caret</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Caret" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Caret" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>This article is about the computing character. For the proofreader's insertion symbol, see <a href="/wiki/Caret_(proofreading)" title="Caret (proofreading)">Caret (proofreading)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Caret_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Caret (disambiguation)">Caret (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">Carrot</a> or <a href="/wiki/Carat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Carat (disambiguation)">Carat</a>.</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"^" redirects here. For the diacritic, see <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a>. For math notation, see <a href="/wiki/Exponentiation" title="Exponentiation">Exponentiation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logical_conjunction" title="Logical conjunction">Logical conjunction</a>. For similar characters sometimes called "caret"<sup id="cite_ref-Unicode_IPA_Extensions_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unicode_IPA_Extensions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weisstein_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisstein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, see <a href="/wiki/Wedge_(symbol)" title="Wedge (symbol)">∧</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda">λ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radical_9" title="Radical 9">人</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turned_v" title="Turned v">ʌ</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Caret</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> caret</i> 'there is lacking')<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the name used familiarly for the <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">character</a> <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">^</span> provided on most <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> keyboards by typing <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">6</kbd>. The symbol has a variety of uses in programming and mathematics. The name "caret" arose from its visual similarity to the original <a href="/wiki/Caret_(proofreading)" title="Caret (proofreading)">proofreader's caret</a>, <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">‸</span>, a mark used in <a href="/wiki/Proofreading" title="Proofreading">proofreading</a> to indicate where a punctuation mark, word, or phrase should be inserted into a document. The <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> standard (X3.64.1977) calls it a "<a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a>";<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Unicode standard calls it a "circumflex accent", although it is no longer practicable for that purpose. </p><table class="infobox" style="max-width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccc; font-size: 500%; line-height:1.3; font-weight:normal; font-family:'times new roman', times, georgia, serif, sans-serif;">^</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;"><div style="background: #ccc; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.1em 0.25em 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em;">Caret</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+005E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">^</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&Hat;</span>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Different from</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Different from</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2038</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">‸</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Caret_(proofreading)" title="Caret (proofreading)">CARET</a></span><br><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02C6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ˆ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT</a></span><br><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+028C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ʌ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Turned_v" title="Turned v">LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V</a></span><br><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2227</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∧</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Logical_conjunction" title="Logical conjunction">LOGICAL AND</a></span><br><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+039B</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Λ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Related</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FF3E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">＾</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FULLWIDTH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caret" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:caret">caret</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Typewriters"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Typewriters</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Transposition_into_ISO/IEC_646_and_ASCII"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Transposition into ISO/IEC 646 and ASCII</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Uses"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Uses</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Programming_languages"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Programming languages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Surrogate_symbol_for_superscript_and_exponentiation"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Surrogate symbol for superscript and exponentiation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Escape_character"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Escape character</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Upward-pointing_arrow"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Upward-pointing arrow</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typewriters">Typewriters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Typewriters" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Write_machine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Write_machine.jpg/220px-Write_machine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2772" data-file-height="1857"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Write_machine.jpg/220px-Write_machine.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Write_machine.jpg/330px-Write_machine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Write_machine.jpg/440px-Write_machine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Typewriter with French (AZERTY) keyboard: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">à</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">è</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">é</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">ç</kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">ù</kbd> have dedicated keys; the <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">diaeresis</a> accents have <a href="/wiki/Dead_key" title="Dead key">dead keys</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On typewriters designed for languages that routinely use <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a> (accent marks), there are two possible ways to type these: keys can be dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">precomposed characters</a> (with the diacritic included); alternatively a <a href="/wiki/Dead_key" title="Dead key">dead key</a> mechanism can be provided. With the latter, a mark is made when a dead key is typed but, unlike normal keys, the paper carriage does not move on and thus the next letter to be typed is printed under the accent. The <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">^</span> symbol was originally provided in typewriters and computer printers so that <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex accents</a> could be overprinted on letters (as in <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">ô</span> or <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">ŵ</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transposition_into_ISO/IEC_646_and_ASCII"><span id="Transposition_into_ISO.2FIEC_646_and_ASCII"></span>Transposition into ISO/IEC 646 and ASCII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transposition into ISO/IEC 646 and ASCII" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The incorporation of the circumflex symbol into ASCII is a consequence of this prior existence on typewriters: this symbol did not exist independently as a <a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">type</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting" title="Hot metal typesetting">hot-lead</a> printing character. The original <a href="/wiki/ASCII#1963" title="ASCII">1963 version of the ASCII standard</a> used the code point <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x5E</span> for an <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arrow_(symbol)" title="Arrow (symbol)">up-arrow</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">↑</span></span>. However, the 1965 <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></span> standard defined code point <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x5E</span> as one of five available for national variation,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the circumflex <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">^</span> diacritic as the default and the up-arrow as one of the alternative uses.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967, the second revision of ASCII followed suit.<sup id="cite_ref-Jennings_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jennings-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:150px;"> <span style="font-size:400%;">^â</span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Caret compared to lower-case circumflex accent</div></div></div> <p>Overprinting to add an accent mark was not always supported well by printers, and was almost never possible on video terminals. Instead, precomposed characters were eventually created to show the accented letters.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The freestanding circumflex (which had come to be called a caret) quickly became reused for many other purposes, such as in <a href="/wiki/Computer_language" title="Computer language">computer languages</a> and mathematical notation. As the mark did not need to fit above a letter any more, it became larger in appearance such that it can no longer be used to overprint an accent in most fonts.<sup id="cite_ref-Korpela_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korpela-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> the symbol is encoded as <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+005E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">^</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT</span>; in <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> it may be used directly or inserted with <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&Hat;</code>. The <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining character</a> for use as a diacritic is <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0302</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̂</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT</span>, although <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">precomposed characters</a> (like <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00E2</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">â</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX</span>) are available for most European languages. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programming_languages">Programming languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Programming languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The symbol <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">^</span> has many uses in <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a>, where it is typically called a caret. It can signify <a href="/wiki/Exponentiation" title="Exponentiation">exponentiation</a>, the bitwise <a href="/wiki/XOR" class="mw-redirect" title="XOR">XOR</a> operator, <a href="/wiki/String_concatenation" class="mw-redirect" title="String concatenation">string concatenation</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The majority of programming languages use the plus sign (+) for string concatenation. PHP uses the period (.). I cannot find documentation for any programming languages that indicates a caret (^) is used for string concatenation (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and <a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">control characters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caret_notation" title="Caret notation">caret notation</a>, among other uses. In <a href="/wiki/Regular_expression" title="Regular expression">regular expressions</a>, the caret is used to match the beginning of a string or line; if it begins a character class, then the inverse of the class is to be matched. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">ANSI C</a> can transcribe the caret in the form of the <a href="/wiki/C_trigraph" class="mw-redirect" title="C trigraph">trigraph</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">??'</code>, as the character was originally not available in all character sets and keyboards. <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> additionally supports tokens like <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">xor</code> (for <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">^</code>) and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">xor_eq</code> (for <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">^=</code>) to avoid the character altogether. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1345">1345</a> recommends that the character be transcribed as <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digraph (computing)">digraph</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">'></code> when required.<sup id="cite_ref-RFC1345_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFC1345-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> uses the caret for declaring and dereferencing <a href="/wiki/Pointer_(computer_programming)" title="Pointer (computer programming)">pointers</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a>, the caret is the method return statement. In <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a>, .NET reference types are accessed through a handle using the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ClassName^</code> syntax. In Apple's <a href="/wiki/Blocks_(C_language_extension)" title="Blocks (C language extension)">C extensions</a> for Mac OS X and iOS, carets are used to create <a href="/wiki/Blocks_(C_language_extension)" title="Blocks (C language extension)">blocks</a> and to denote block types. <a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a> uses it as a <a href="/wiki/Bitwise_NOT" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitwise NOT">bitwise NOT</a> operator. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a> uses the caret in <a href="/wiki/Manifest_file" title="Manifest file">package.json</a> files to signify dependency resolution behavior being used for each particular dependency. In the case of Node.js, a caret allows any kind of update, unless it is seen as a "major" update as defined by <a href="/wiki/Semver" class="mw-redirect" title="Semver">semver</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrogate_symbol_for_superscript_and_exponentiation">Surrogate symbol for superscript and exponentiation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Surrogate symbol for superscript and exponentiation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, the caret can signify <a href="/wiki/Exponentiation" title="Exponentiation">exponentiation</a> (e.g. <code>3^5</code> for <span class="texhtml">3<sup>5</sup></span>) where the usual <a href="/wiki/Subscript_and_superscript" title="Subscript and superscript">superscript</a> is not readily usable (as on some <a href="/wiki/Graphing_calculator" title="Graphing calculator">graphing calculators</a>). It is also used to indicate a superscript in <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting. </p><p>The use of the caret for exponentiation can be traced back to <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">ALGOL 60</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which expressed the exponentiation operator as an upward-pointing arrow, intended to evoke the superscript notation common in mathematics. The upward-pointing arrow is now used to signify <a href="/wiki/Hyperoperations" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperoperations">hyperoperations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_up-arrow_notation" title="Knuth's up-arrow notation">Knuth's up-arrow notation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escape_character">Escape character</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Escape character" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>It is often seen in <a href="/wiki/Caret_notation" title="Caret notation">caret notation</a> to show control characters: for instance, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">^A</code> means the control character with value 1. </p><p>The Windows command-line interpreter (<a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">cmd.exe</a>) uses the caret to <a href="/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">escape</a> reserved characters (most other shells use the <a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a>). For example, to pass a 'less-than' sign as an argument to a program, one would type <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">^<</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upward-pointing_arrow">Upward-pointing arrow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Upward-pointing arrow" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">internet forums</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Social_networking_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking sites">social networking sites</a> such as Facebook, or in <a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">online chats</a>, one or more carets may be used beneath the text of another post, representing an upward-pointing arrow to that post;<sup id="cite_ref-Computer_Hope_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Computer_Hope-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to the arrow usage, it can also mean that the user who posted the ^ agrees with the above post. Multiple carets may be used to indicate that the comment is replying to, or relating to, the post above that correlates with the number of carets used, or to "underscore" the correct portion of the previous post, or simply for emphasis. </p><p>A similar use has been adopted by programming language <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a>, such as the Java compiler, to point out where a <a href="/wiki/Compilation_error" title="Compilation error">compilation error</a> has occurred.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The compiler prints out the faulty line of code and uses a single caret on the next line, padded by spaces, to give a visual indication of the error location. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caret_(proofreading)" title="Caret (proofreading)">Caret</a> as used in <a href="/wiki/Proofreading" title="Proofreading">proofreading</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat operator">Hat operator</a>, a notation used in mathematics and statistics, is sometimes called a caret</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ISO<span class="nowrap"> </span>646 (and ASCII, which it includes) is a standard for 7-bit encoding, providing just 96 printable characters (and 32 <a href="/wiki/Control_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Control characters">control characters</a>). This was insufficient to meet the needs of Western European languages and so the standard specifies certain <a href="/wiki/Code_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Code points">code points</a> that are available for national variation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance in <a href="/wiki/ISO_Latin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO Latin-1">ISO Latin-1</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Unicode_IPA_Extensions-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_IPA_Extensions_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnicode1991–2012" class="citation web cs1">Unicode (1991–2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0250.pdf">"IPA Extensions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IPA+Extensions&rft.date=1991%2F2012&rft.au=Unicode&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU0250.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weisstein-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weisstein_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_W._Weisstein" class="citation web cs1">Eric W. Weisstein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Caret.html">"Caret"</a>. <i>MathWorld</i>. Wolfram<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MathWorld&rft.atitle=Caret&rft.au=Eric+W.+Weisstein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FCaret.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/caret">"Etymology of 'caret'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. Douglas Harper<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Etymology+of+%27caret%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fcaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/FIPS/fipspub1-2-1977.pdf">"American National Standard for Information Interchange"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Institute for Standards. 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+National+Standard+for+Information+Interchange&rft.pub=National+Institute+for+Standards&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnvlpubs.nist.gov%2Fnistpubs%2FLegacy%2FFIPS%2Ffipspub1-2-1977.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span> (facsimile, not machine readable)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jkorpela.fi/latin1/ascii-hist.html#5E">"Character histories: notes on some ASCII code positions (5E)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Character+histories%3A+notes+on+some+ASCII+code+positions+%285E%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjkorpela.fi%2Flatin1%2Fascii-hist.html%235E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jennings-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jennings_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Jennings" class="citation web cs1">Tom Jennings. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821121342/http://www.worldpowersystems.com/projects/codes/index.html#UP">"ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Infiltration"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldpowersystems.com/projects/codes/index.html#UP">the original</a> on 21 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASCII%3A+American+Standard+Code+for+Information+Infiltration&rft.au=Tom+Jennings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldpowersystems.com%2Fprojects%2Fcodes%2Findex.html%23UP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korpela-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Korpela_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukka_K._Korpela2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jukka K. Korpela (18 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jkorpela.fi/kirjaimet/tarinoita.pdf">"Kirjainten tarinoita"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Finnish). pp. 132–133<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kirjainten+tarinoita&rft.pages=132-133&rft.date=2010-01-18&rft.au=Jukka+K.+Korpela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjkorpela.fi%2Fkirjaimet%2Ftarinoita.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RFC1345-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RFC1345_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonsen1992" class="citation web cs1">Simonsen, Keld (June 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1345">"RFC 1345 – Character Mnemonics and Character Sets"</a>. Internet Engineering Task Force<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RFC+1345+%E2%80%93+Character+Mnemonics+and+Character+Sets&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.date=1992-06&rft.aulast=Simonsen&rft.aufirst=Keld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc1345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203095427/https://docs.npmjs.com/misc/semver#caret-ranges-123-025-004">"Caret ranges in node.js"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.npmjs.com/misc/semver#caret-ranges-123-025-004">the original</a> on 3 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caret+ranges+in+node.js&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.npmjs.com%2Fmisc%2Fsemver%23caret-ranges-123-025-004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Computer_Hope-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Computer_Hope_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/caret.htm">"What is Caret?"</a>. Computer Hope<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Caret%3F&rft.pub=Computer+Hope&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhope.com%2Fjargon%2Fc%2Fcaret.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caret&oldid=1252636433">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caret&oldid=1252636433</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Caret&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Sigehelmus" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729584219"> <span>Last edited on 22 October 2024, at 08:03</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%82%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85" title="إقحام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إقحام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ka_(nediakritick%C3%BD_znak)" title="Stříška (nediakritický znak) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stříška (nediakritický znak)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caret" title="Caret – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caret" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA)" title="کارت (علامت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارت (علامت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caret" title="Caret – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caret" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%9F%BF_(%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8)" title="캐럿 (기호) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐럿 (기호)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98" title="סימן קרט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סימן קרט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Карета – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карета" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="キャレット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キャレット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareta_(znak)" title="Kareta (znak) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kareta (znak)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Карет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caret" title="Caret – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caret" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ins%C3%A4ttningstecken" title="Insättningstecken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Insättningstecken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Карет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E8%A8%98%E8%99%9F" title="插入記號 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="插入記號" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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