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href="../isaiah/22-5.htm" title="Isaiah 22:5">◄</a> Isaiah 22:6 <a href="../isaiah/22-7.htm" title="Isaiah 22:7">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse">And Elam bare the quiver with chariots of men <i>and</i> horsemen, and Kir uncovered the shield.</div><div id="jump">Jump to: <a href="/commentaries/barnes/isaiah/22.htm" title="Barnes' Notes">Barnes</a> • <a href="/commentaries/benson/isaiah/22.htm" title="Benson Commentary">Benson</a> • <a href="/commentaries/illustrator/isaiah/22.htm" title="Biblical Illustrator">BI</a> • <a href="/commentaries/calvin/isaiah/22.htm" title="Calvin's Commentaries">Calvin</a> • <a href="/commentaries/cambridge/isaiah/22.htm" title="Cambridge Bible">Cambridge</a> • <a href="/commentaries/clarke/isaiah/22.htm" title="Clarke's Commentary">Clarke</a> • <a href="/commentaries/darby/isaiah/22.htm" title="Darby's Bible 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Elam, previously named as the destroyer of Babylon (<a href="/isaiah/21-2.htm" title="A grievous vision is declared to me; the treacherous dealer deals treacherously, and the spoiler spoils. Go up, O Elam: besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.">Isaiah 21:2</a>), was at this time, as the inscriptions of Sargon show, subject to Assyria (<span class= "ital">Records of the Past, vii.</span> 29). As in later history (Herod. i. 73, iii. 21; <a href="/jeremiah/49-35.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might.">Jeremiah 49:35</a>), it was conspicuous chiefly for its archers. “Kir,” named in <a href="/2_kings/16-11.htm" title="And Urijah the priest built an altar according to all that king Ahaz had sent from Damascus: so Urijah the priest made it against king Ahaz came from Damascus.">2Kings 16:11</a> as the region to which Tiglath-pileser carried off the people of Damascus, has been identified with the region near the river Kyros, the modern Georgia. There are, however, both linguistic and historical grounds against this identification, and we must be content to look on it as an otherwise unknown region of Mesopotamia. To “uncover the shield” was to draw it out of its leather case (comp. “<span class= "ital">Scutis tegumenta detrahere”</span>; Cæs. <span class= "ital">Bell. Gall. </span>2:21), and so to be prepared for battle.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/benson/isaiah/22.htm">Benson Commentary</a></div><span class="bld"><a href="/context/isaiah/22-6.htm" title="And Elam bore the quiver with chariots of men and horsemen, and Kir uncovered the shield....">Isaiah 22:6-7</a></span>. <span class="ital">And Elam bare the quiver </span>— This second member of the first part of this prophecy, which begins here, seems evidently to refer to the Assyrian invasion; for the Medes and Elamites, or Persians, were united with the Assyrians in the time of Sennacherib, but not of Nebuchadnezzar. The Persians were expert bowmen, as appears from <a href="/jeremiah/49-35.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might.">Jeremiah 49:35</a>, and from Strabo’s testimony. <span class="ital">With chariots of men and horsemen </span>— As some of them fought on foot, so others from chariots and horses. <span class="ital">And Kir</span> — That is, the Medes, so called, from an eminent city and region of that name in Media, <a href="/2_kings/16-9.htm" title="And the king of Assyria listened to him: for the king of Assyria went up against Damascus, and took it, and carried the people of it captive to Kir, and slew Rezin.">2 Kings 16:9</a>; <a href="/amos/1-5.htm" title="I will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant from the plain of Aven, and him that holds the scepter from the house of Eden: and the people of Syria shall go into captivity to Kir, said the LORD.">Amos 1:5</a>; <span class="ital">uncovered the shield </span>— Prepared their defensive and offensive weapons, and themselves, for the battle; for in times of peace arms were wrapped up and covered, to preserve them clean and fit for use. <span class="ital">Thy choicest valleys shall be full of chariots </span>— Valleys were the most proper places for the use of chariots; <span class="ital">and the horsemen at the gate </span>— To assist and defend the footmen, while they made the assault, and to prevent those who endeavoured to escape.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="mhc" id="mhc"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/mhc/isaiah/22.htm">Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary</a></div>22:1-7 Why is Jerusalem in such terror? Her slain men are not slain with the sword, but with famine; or, slain with fear, disheartened. Their rulers fled, but were overtaken. The servants of God, who foresee and warn sinners of coming miseries, are affected by the prospect. But all the horrors of a city taken by storm, faintly shadow forth the terrors of the day of wrath.<a name="bar" id="bar"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/barnes/isaiah/22.htm">Barnes' Notes on the Bible</a></div>And Elam - The southern part of Persia, perhaps used here to denote Persia in general (see the note at <a href="/isaiah/21-2.htm">Isaiah 21:2</a>). Elam, or Persia, was at this time subject to Assyria, and their forces were united doubtless in the invasion of Judea.<p>Bare the quiver - A 'quiver' is a case in which arrows are carried. This was usually hung upon the shoulders, and thus "borne" by the soldier when he entered into battle. By the expression here, is meant that Elam was engaged in the siege, and was distinguished particularly for skill in shooting arrows. That the Elamites were thus distinguished for the use of the bow, is apparent from <a href="http://biblehub.com/ezekiel/32-24.htm">Ezekiel 32:24</a>, and <a href="/jeremiah/49-35.htm">Jeremiah 49:35</a>.<p>With chariots of men and horsemen - Lowth proposes, instead of 'men,' to read ארם 'ărâm, "Syria," instead of אדם 'âdâm, "man," by the change of the single Hebrew letter ד (d) into the Hebrew letter ר (r). This mistake might have been easily made where the letters are so much alike, and it would suit the parallelism of the passage, but there is no authority of MSS. or versions for the change. The words 'chariots of men - horsemen,' I understand here, as in <a href="http://biblehub.com/isaiah/21-7.htm">Isaiah 21:7</a>, to mean "a troop or riding" of men who were horsemen. Archers often rode in this manner. The Scythians usually fought on horseback with bows and arrows.<p>Kir - Kir was a city of Media, where the river Kyrus or Cyrus flows <a href="/2_kings/16-9.htm">2 Kings 16:9</a>; <a href="/amos/1-5.htm">Amos 1:5</a>; <a href="/amos/9-7.htm">Amos 9:7</a>. This was evidently then connected with the Assyrian monarchy, and was engaged with it in the invasion of Judea. Perhaps the name ''Kir' was given to a region or province lying on the river Cyrus or Kyrus. This river unites with the Araxes, and falls into the Caspian Sea.<p>Uncovered the shield - (see the note at <a href="/isaiah/21-5.htm">Isaiah 21:5</a>). Shields were protected during a march, or when not in use, by a covering of cloth. Among the Greeks, the name of this covering was Σάγμα Sagma. Shields were made either of metal or of skin, and the object in covering them was to preserve the metal untarnished, or to keep the shield from injury. To "uncover the shield," therefore, was to prepare for battle. The Medes were subject to the Assyrians in the time of Hezekiah <a href="/2_kings/16-9.htm">2 Kings 16:9</a>; <a href="http://biblehub.com/2_kings/17-6.htm">2 Kings 17:6</a>, and of course in the time of the invasion of Judea by Sennacherib. <a name="jfb" id="jfb"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/jfb/isaiah/22.htm">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary</a></div>6. Elam—the country stretching east from the Lower Tigris, answering to what was afterwards called Persia (see on [725]Isa 21:2). Later, Elam was a province of Persia (Ezr 4:9). In Sennacherib's time, Elam was subject to Assyria (2Ki 18:11), and so furnished a contingent to its invading armies. Famed for the bow (Isa 13:18; Jer 49:35), in which the Ethiopians alone excelled them.<p>with chariots of men and horsemen—that is, they used the bow both in chariots and on horseback. "Chariots of men," that is, chariots in which men are borne, war chariots (compare see on [726]Isa 21:7; [727]Isa 21:9).<p>Kir—another people subject to Assyria (2Ki 16:9); the region about the river Kur, between the Caspian and Black Seas.<p>uncovered—took off for the battle the leather covering of the shield, intended to protect the embossed figures on it from dust or injury during the march. "The quiver" and "the shield" express two classes—light and heavy armed troops.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/poole/isaiah/22.htm">Matthew Poole's Commentary</a></div> <span class="bld">Elam; </span> the Persians, who now, and for a long time after. were subject to the Assyrian and Chaldean emperors, and were employed by them in their Wars. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">Bare the quiver, </span> being expert bow-men, as appears from <span class="bld"><a href="/jeremiah/49-35.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might.">Jeremiah 49:35</a></span>, and from Strabo’s testimony. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">With chariots of men and horsemen; </span> as some of them fought on foot, so others fought from chariots and horses. <span class="ital">Kir</span>; the Medes, so called by a synecdoche from Kir, an eminent city and region of Media, of which see <span class="bld"><a href="/2_kings/16-9.htm" title="And the king of Assyria listened to him: for the king of Assyria went up against Damascus, and took it, and carried the people of it captive to Kir, and slew Rezin.">2 Kings 16:9</a> <a href="/amos/1-5.htm" title="I will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant from the plain of Aven, and him that holds the scepter from the house of Eden: and the people of Syria shall go into captivity to Kir, said the LORD.">Amos 1:5</a></span>. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">Uncovered; </span> prepared it and themselves for the battle; for in times of peace arms were wrapt up and covered, to preserve them clean, and fit for use. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">The shield; </span> their defensive and offensive weapons. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="gil" id="gil"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/gill/isaiah/22.htm">Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible</a></div>And Elam bare the quiver with chariots of men and horsemen,.... Or the Elamites, as the Targum and Septuagint, that is, the Persians, who were at this time subject to the Assyrians, and served in Sennacherib's army, which consisted of many nations; see <a href="/isaiah/29-7.htm">Isaiah 29:7</a> these bore the quiver, a case for arrows, being expert in the use of the bow, which was the chief of their might, <a href="/jeremiah/49-35.htm">Jeremiah 49:35</a> and so Strabo (o) reports, that the Elamites had many archers among them; and along with them went <p>chariots of men, full of men, of military men; these were chariots for war, and brought men to fight against Jerusalem; <p>and horsemen also, these were the cavalry, as those that carried bows and arrows seem to be the foot soldiers. The Targum is, <p>"and the Elamites bore arms in the chariot of a man, and with it a couple of horsemen;'' <p>as in the vision or prophecy concerning Babylon, <a href="http://biblehub.com/isaiah/21-7.htm">Isaiah 21:7</a>, <p>and Kir uncovered the shield; this was a city in Media, and signifies the Medes, who were in subjection to the Assyrians, and fought under them; see <a href="/2_kings/16-9.htm">2 Kings 16:9</a> though Ben Melech says it was a city belonging to the king of Assyria; these prepared for battle, uncased their shields, which before were covered to keep them clean, and preserve them from rust and dirt; or they polished them, made them bright, as the word in the Ethiopic language signifies, as De Dieu has observed; see <a href="/isaiah/21-5.htm">Isaiah 21:5</a> these might be most expert in the use of the shield and sword, as the others were at the bow and arrow. Some render "Kir" a "wall": so the Targum, <p>"and to the wall the shields stuck;'' <p>and the Vulgate Latin version, "the shield made bare the wall": but it is best to understand it as the proper name of a place. <p>(o) Geograph. l. 16. p. 512. <a name="gsb" id="gsb"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/gsb/isaiah/22.htm">Geneva Study Bible</a></div><span class="cverse2">And Elam <span class="cverse3">{i}</span> bore the quiver with chariots of men <i>and</i> horsemen, and Kir uncovered the shield.</span><p>(i) He reminds them how God delivered them once from Sennacherib, who brought the Persians and Syrians with him, that they might by returning to God avoid that great plague which they would suffer by Nebuchadnezzar.</div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="comtype">EXEGETICAL (ORIGINAL LANGUAGES)</div><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/cambridge/isaiah/22.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a></div><span class="bld">6</span>. <span class="ital">Elam</span> (see on <a href="/isaiah/21-2.htm" title="A grievous vision is declared to me; the treacherous dealer deals treacherously, and the spoiler spoils. Go up, O Elam: besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.">Isaiah 21:2</a>) and <span class="ital">Kir</span> (not identified: <a href="/2_kings/16-9.htm" title="And the king of Assyria listened to him: for the king of Assyria went up against Damascus, and took it, and carried the people of it captive to Kir, and slew Rezin.">2 Kings 16:9</a>; <a href="/amos/1-5.htm" title="I will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant from the plain of Aven, and him that holds the scepter from the house of Eden: and the people of Syria shall go into captivity to Kir, said the LORD.">Amos 1:5</a>; <a href="/amos/9-7.htm" title="Are you not as children of the Ethiopians to me, O children of Israel? said the LORD. Have not I brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt? and the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Syrians from Kir?">Amos 9:7</a>) are mentioned as furnishing auxiliaries to the Assyrian army. There is force in Cheyne’s argument that some words may have fallen out before this verse, since it is difficult to understand the prominence given to these mercenary troops in the description of the siege. The “bow of Elam” is mentioned in <a href="/jeremiah/49-35.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might.">Jeremiah 49:35</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">with chariots of men and horsemen</span>] a difficult expression. Perhaps “men on horseback among the chariots” (Dillm.).<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">uncovered the shield</span>] Shields when not in use were protected by a leather covering (Cæs. <span class="ital">de Bell. Gall.</span> ii. 21).<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="pul" id="pul"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/isaiah/22.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 6.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Elam bare the quiver</span>. Elam, the country extending from the Zagros range to the Lower Tigris, and watered by the Choaspes, Eulaeus, Pasitigris, and other rivers, was an independent kingdom from a very early date (<a href="/genesis/14-1.htm">Genesis 14:1, 9</a>), and in Isaiah's time was generally hostile to Assyria. Sargon, however, relates that he conquered a portion of the country, planted colonies in it from the more western parts of his empire, and placed both colonists and natives under the governor of Babylon ('Records of the Past,' vol. 9. p. 16). It is thus quite possible that both Sargon and Sennacherib may have had a contingent of Elamites in their armies. <span class="cmt_word">With chariots of men and horsemen</span>; rather, <span class="accented">with troops of men</span> (<span class="accented">who were</span>) <span class="accented">horsemen</span> (comp. <a href="/isaiah/21-7.htm">Isaiah 21:7</a>). Kir uncovered the shield. "Kir" is mentioned in 2 Kings as the place to which Tiglath-Pileser transported the inhabitants of Damascus (<a href="/2_kings/16-9.htm">2 Kings 16:9</a>), and by Amos (<a href="/amos/9-7.htm">Amos 9:7</a>) as the original country from which the Syrians were derived. It has been recently identified with Kirkhi, near Diarbekr, or with Kirruri, in the Urumiyah country (Cheyne); but neither identification is marc than possible. (On uncovering shields as a preliminary to engaging in battle, see Caesar, 'Do Bell. Gall.,' 2:21.) Isaiah 22:6<a name="kad" id="kad"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/kad/isaiah/22.htm">Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament</a></div>The advance of the besiegers, which leads to the destruction of the walls, is first described in <a href="http://biblehub.com/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6</a>, <a href="/isaiah/22-7.htm">Isaiah 22:7</a>. "And Elam has taken the quiver, together with chariots with men, horsemen; and Kir has drawn out the shield. And then it comes to pass, that thy choicest valleys are filled with chariots, and the horsemen plant a firm foot towards the gate." Of the nations composing the Assyrian army, the two mentioned are Elam, the Semitic nation of Susiana (Chuzistan), whose original settlements were the row of valleys between the Zagros chain and the chain of advanced mountains bounding the Assyrian plains on the east, and who were greatly dreaded as bowmen (<a href="/ezekiel/32-24.htm">Ezekiel 32:24</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/49-35.htm">Jeremiah 49:35</a>), and Kir, the inhabitants of the country of the Cyrus river, which was an Assyrian province, according to <a href="/2_kings/16-9.htm">2 Kings 16:9</a> and <a href="http://biblehub.com/amos/1-5.htm">Amos 1:5</a>, and still retained its dependent position even in the time of the Achaemenides, when Armenia, at any rate, is expressly described in the arrowheaded writings as a Persian province, though a rebellious one. The readiness for battle of this people of Kur, who represent, in combination with Elam, the whole extent of the Assyrian empire from south to north,<p>(Note: The name Gurgistan ( equals Georgia) has nothing to do with the river Kur; and it is a suspicious fact that Kir has k at the commencement, and i in the middle, whereas the name of the river which joins the Araxes, and flows into the Caspian sea, is pronounced Kur, and is written in Persian with k (answering to the Armenian and old Persian, in which Kuru is equivalent to Κῦρος). Wetzstein considers Kir a portion of Mesopotamia.)<p>is attested by their "drawing out the shield" (‛ērâh mâgēn), which Caesar calls scutis tegimenta detrahere (bell. gall. ii. 21); for the Talmudic meaning applicare cannot be thought of for a moment (Buxtorf, lex. col. 1664). These nations that fought on foot were accompanied (Beth, as in <a href="/1_kings/10-2.htm">1 Kings 10:2</a>) by chariots filled with men (receb 'âdâm), i.e., war-chariots (as distinguished from ‛agâloth), and, as is added ἀσυνδέτως, by pârâshim, riders (i.e., horsemen trained to arms). The historical tense is introduced with ויהי in <a href="http://biblehub.com/isaiah/22-7.htm">Isaiah 22:7</a>, but in a purely future sense. It is only for the sake of the favourite arrangement of the words that the passage does not proceed with Vav relat. וּמלאוּ. "Thy valleys" (‛amâkaik) are the valleys by which Jerusalem was encircled on the east, the west, and the south, viz., the valley of Kidron on the east; the valley of Gihon on the west; the valley of Rephaim, stretching away from the road to Bethlehem, on the south-west (<a href="/isaiah/17-5.htm">Isaiah 17:5</a>); the valley of Hinnom, which joins the Tyropaeum, and then runs on into a south-eastern angle; and possibly also the valley of Jehoshaphat, which ran on the north-east of the city above the valley of Kidron. These valleys, more especially the finest of them towards the south, are now cut up by the wheels and hoofs of the enemies' chariots and horses; and the enemies' horsemen have already taken a firm position gatewards, ready to ride full speed against the gates at a given signal, and force their way into the city (shı̄th with a shoth to strengthen it, as in <a href="/psalms/3-7.htm">Psalm 3:7</a>; also sı̄m in <a href="http://biblehub.com/1_kings/20-12.htm">1 Kings 20:12</a>, compare <a href="/1_samuel/15-2.htm">1 Samuel 15:2</a>). <div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 Interlinear</a><br /><a href="/texts/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 Parallel Texts</a><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/niv/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="http://bibleapps.com/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 Bible Apps</a><br /><a href="/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 Parallel</a><br /><a href="http://bibliaparalela.com/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="http://holybible.com.cn/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="http://saintebible.com/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 French Bible</a><br /><a href="http://bibeltext.com/isaiah/22-6.htm">Isaiah 22:6 German Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/">Bible Hub</a><br /></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td align="center"><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="../isaiah/22-5.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Isaiah 22:5"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Isaiah 22:5" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="../isaiah/22-7.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Isaiah 22:7"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Isaiah 22:7" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div> <div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>