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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_SS_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Front,_and_massacres_of_civilians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Front,_and_massacres_of_civilians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Eastern Front, and massacres of civilians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Front,_and_massacres_of_civilians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Normandy_and_Falaise_pocket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Normandy_and_Falaise_pocket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Battle of Normandy and Falaise pocket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Normandy_and_Falaise_pocket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prisoner_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prisoner_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Prisoner of war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prisoner_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>War crimes trial</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-War_crimes_trial-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle War crimes trial subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-War_crimes_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indictment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indictment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Indictment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indictment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Proceedings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sentence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sentence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sentence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sentence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HIAG_activities_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HIAG_activities_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>HIAG activities and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HIAG_activities_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurt Meyer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="كورت ماير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كورت ماير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Курт Майер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Курт Майер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer_(Panzermeyer)" title="Kurt Meyer (Panzermeyer) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kurt Meyer (Panzermeyer)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer_(SS-Mitglied)" title="Kurt Meyer (SS-Mitglied) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kurt Meyer (SS-Mitglied)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Κουρτ Μάιερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κουρτ Μάιερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_(%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="کورت مایر (نظامی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کورت مایر (نظامی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="쿠르트 마이어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠르트 마이어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="קורט מאייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קורט מאייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurts_Meiers" title="Kurts Meiers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kurts Meiers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="كورت ماير (ضابط من المانيا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كورت ماير (ضابط من المانيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC" title="クルト・マイヤー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クルト・マイヤー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Мейер, Курт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мейер, Курт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Курт Мајер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Курт Мајер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ควร์ท ไมเออร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ควร์ท ไมเออร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Meyer" title="Kurt Meyer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kurt Meyer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%94%D1%80" title="Курт Меєр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Курт Меєр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%82%81%E7%88%BE" title="庫爾特·邁爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="庫爾特·邁爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57220#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Kurt Meyer, see <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Meyer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kurt Meyer (disambiguation)">Kurt Meyer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German SS officer (1910–1961)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Kurt Meyer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Ludwig-006-19,_Kurt_Meyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A smiling Meyer in uniform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Ludwig-006-19%2C_Kurt_Meyer.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Ludwig-006-19%2C_Kurt_Meyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Ludwig-006-19%2C_Kurt_Meyer.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Ludwig-006-19%2C_Kurt_Meyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Ludwig-006-19%2C_Kurt_Meyer.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Ludwig-006-19%2C_Kurt_Meyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="715" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Meyer in 1943</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1910-12-23</span>)</span>23 December 1910<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Jerxheim" title="Jerxheim">Jerxheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 December 1961<span style="display:none">(1961-12-23)</span> (aged 51)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ardenne_Abbey_massacre" title="Ardenne Abbey massacre">Ardenne Abbey massacre</a><br />Spokesperson for <a href="/wiki/HIAG" title="HIAG">HIAG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Deceased" class="mw-redirect" title="Deceased">Deceased</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">War crimes</a> (3 counts)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">Death</a>; commuted to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a>; further commuted to 14 years imprisonment</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;"><b><a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">"Panzermeyer"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1934–1944</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SS-Brigadef%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Brigadeführer">SS-Brigadeführer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Service_number" title="Service number">Service number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a> #316,714</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> #17,559<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013664_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013664-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/12th_SS_Panzer_Division_Hitlerjugend" title="12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend">12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkans Campaign (World War II)">Balkans Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Third Battle of Kharkov">Third Battle of Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_with_Oak_Leaves_and_Swords" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kurt Meyer</b> (23 December 1910 – 23 December 1961) was an <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> commander and convicted <a href="/wiki/War_criminal" class="mw-redirect" title="War criminal">war criminal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. He served in the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> (the combat branch of the SS) and participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, and other engagements during World War II. Meyer commanded the <a href="/wiki/12th_SS_Panzer_Division_Hitlerjugend" title="12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend">12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied invasion of Normandy">Allied invasion of Normandy</a>, and was a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_with_Oak_Leaves_and_Swords" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords</a>. </p><p>After ordering the mass murder of civilians and <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> (POWs) several times during the conflict, Meyer was convicted of war crimes for his role in the <a href="/wiki/Ardenne_Abbey_massacre" title="Ardenne Abbey massacre">Ardenne Abbey massacre</a> (the murder of Canadian POWs in Normandy). He was sentenced to death, but the sentence was later commuted to life in prison. </p><p>He became active in <a href="/wiki/HIAG" title="HIAG">HIAG</a>, a lobby group organised by former high-ranking Waffen-SS men, after his release. Meyer was a leading Waffen-SS apologist and HIAG's most effective spokesperson, depicting most of the Waffen-SS as apolitical, recklessly brave fighters who were not involved in the crimes of the Nazi regime. These notions have since been debunked by historians. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_SS_career"><span class="anchor" id="Career_in_the_SS"></span>Early life and SS career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and SS career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in 1910 in <a href="/wiki/Jerxheim" title="Jerxheim">Jerxheim</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer came from a lower-class working family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster198636_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster198636-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, a <a href="/wiki/Miner" title="Miner">miner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013149_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013149-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> joined the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(German_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (German Empire)">German Army</a> in 1914 and was an <abbr title="non-commissioned officer">NCO</abbr> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster198636_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster198636-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer began a business apprenticeship after completing elementary school, but became unemployed in 1928 and was forced to work as a <a href="/wiki/Handyman" title="Handyman">handyman</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before becoming a policeman in <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a> the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart201614-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Politically active at an early age<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a fanatical supporter of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieb2007514_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieb2007514-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer joined the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a> when he was fifteen, became a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> in September 1930, and joined the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> in October 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376,_664_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376,_664-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a guest at the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> in December of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1934, Meyer was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler">Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler</a> (LSSAH).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart201614-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this unit (which later became part of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>, the combat branch of the SS), Meyer took part in the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">annexation of Austria</a> in 1938 and the 1939 <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of Czechoslovakia">occupation of Czechoslovakia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart201614-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_World_War_II">Early World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the outbreak of World War II, Meyer participated in the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> with the LSSAH,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas199877-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving as commander for an <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_warfare" title="Anti-tank warfare">anti-tank</a> company (namely <i>14. Panzerabwehrkompanie</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013137,_227_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013137,_227-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a>, Second Class, on 20<span class="nowrap"> </span>September 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas199877-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October, Meyer allegedly ordered the shooting of fifty Polish Jews as a <a href="/wiki/Reprisal" title="Reprisal">reprisal</a> near <a href="/wiki/Modlin_Fortress" title="Modlin Fortress">Modlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martialled</a> a <a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">platoon</a> commander who refused to carry out his instructions.<sup id="cite_ref-Modlin_group=Note_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modlin_group=Note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> and was awarded the Iron Cross, First Class.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas199877-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the Battle of France, Meyer's company was reorganized into the LSSAH's reconnaissance battalion and he was promoted. <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">invasion of Greece</a> prompted Germany to <a href="/wiki/Balkans_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkans Campaign (World War II)">invade Yugoslavia and Greece</a> in April 1941. During the invasion, the battalion came under fire from the Greek Army <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Klisura_Pass" title="Capture of Klisura Pass">defending the Klisura Pass</a>. After heavy fighting, Meyer's troops broke through the defensive lines; with the road now open, the German forces drove through to the <a href="/wiki/Kastoria" title="Kastoria">Kastoria</a> area to cut off retreating Greek and British Commonwealth forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013159_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013159-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the campaign, Meyer was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013179_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013179-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Front,_and_massacres_of_civilians"><span id="Eastern_Front.2C_and_massacres_of_civilians"></span>Eastern Front, and massacres of civilians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Eastern Front, and massacres of civilians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The LSSAH Division (including Meyer and his battalion) participated in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, the invasion of the Soviet Union, in June 1941 as part of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_South" title="Army Group South">Army Group South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his unit quickly became infamous even among the LSSAH Division for mass-murdering civilians and destroying entire villages, such as when they murdered about 20 women, children, and old men at <a href="/wiki/Rowno_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowno massacre">Rowno</a>. According to historian <a href="/wiki/Jens_Westemeier" title="Jens Westemeier">Jens Westemeier</a>, Meyer was primarily responsible for the brutalization of the troops under his command.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His terror tactics were regarded with approval by the Waffen-SS command.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In combat against the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, Meyer and his unit also achieved some military successes,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013206_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013206-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while suffering the heaviest casualties among the LSSAH's battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013218–219_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013218–219-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He gained a reputation as an "audacious" leader during Operation Barbarossa,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart201614-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/German_Cross" title="German Cross">German Cross</a> in Gold in 1942 while still with the LSSAH.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Zschaeckel-186-37,_Russland,_bei_Charkow,_Soldaten_der_Waffen-SS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two Waffen-SS look at a burning farmer's house near Kharkov, February 1943" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Zschaeckel-186-37%2C_Russland%2C_bei_Charkow%2C_Soldaten_der_Waffen-SS.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Zschaeckel-186-37%2C_Russland%2C_bei_Charkow%2C_Soldaten_der_Waffen-SS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Zschaeckel-186-37%2C_Russland%2C_bei_Charkow%2C_Soldaten_der_Waffen-SS.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Zschaeckel-186-37%2C_Russland%2C_bei_Charkow%2C_Soldaten_der_Waffen-SS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Zschaeckel-186-37%2C_Russland%2C_bei_Charkow%2C_Soldaten_der_Waffen-SS.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Zschaeckel-186-37%2C_Russland%2C_bei_Charkow%2C_Soldaten_der_Waffen-SS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> soldiers stand in front of a burning farmer's house during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Third Battle of Kharkov">Third Battle of Kharkov</a>. Meyer and his troops became infamous for killing civilians and destroying villages on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204,_245–248_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204,_245–248-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>In early 1943, Meyer's reconnaissance battalion participated in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Third Battle of Kharkov">Third Battle of Kharkov</a>. He reportedly ordered the destruction of a village during the fighting around <a href="/wiki/Kharkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkov">Kharkov</a> and the murder of all its inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Modlin_group=Note_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modlin_group=Note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different accounts of the events exist, though they share a general outline.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013245–248_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013245–248-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer was awarded the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves for a successful attack on the village of Yefremovka (Jefremowka) on 20 February 1943, where his forces took no prisoners and killed about 1500 Soviet soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013241,_245_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013241,_245-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, a former SS man described an incident which took place on Meyer's orders in Jefremowka in March 1943, following its occupation. Billeted in the village, the eyewitness heard a pistol shot at 10:30 in the morning. He ran to the door and saw an SS commander who demanded to see the company commander. When the latter arrived, the SS commander shouted: "On the orders of Meyer, this town is to be levelled to the ground, because this morning armed civilians attacked this locality." He then shot a 25-year-old woman who was cooking the German's lunch. According to the testimony, the Waffen-SS men killed all the inhabitants of the village and set fire to their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker201495–96_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker201495–96-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Separate testimony from a former SS man (given to the Western Allies' interrogators after his capture in France in 1944) substantiates elements of the story:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker201496_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker201496-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The reconnaissance battalion of the LSSAH made an advance at the end of February [1943] towards the East and reached the village of Jefremowka. There they were surrounded by Russian forces. Fuel and ammo ran out and they were supplied by air until they were ordered to break through towards the West. Before trying to do so, the entire civilian population was shot and the village burnt to the ground. The battalion at that time was led by Kurt Meyer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker201496_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker201496-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Ukrainian sources, including two surviving witnesses, reported that the killings took place on 17<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 1943. On 12<span class="nowrap"> </span>February, LSSAH troops had occupied two villages: Yefremovka and Semyonovka. Retreating Soviet forces had wounded two SS officers. In retaliation, LSSAH troops killed 872 men, women and children five days later; about 240 were burned alive in the church in Yefremovka. Russian sources reported that the massacre was perpetrated by the "Blowtorch Battalion", led by <a href="/wiki/Jochen_Peiper" class="mw-redirect" title="Jochen Peiper">Jochen Peiper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2014356–357_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2014356–357-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer continued to serve in the LSSAH until the summer of 1943, when he was appointed commander of a regiment of the newly-activated, still-forming <a href="/wiki/SS_Division_Hitlerjugend" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Division Hitlerjugend">SS Division Hitlerjugend</a> stationed in France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart201614-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Normandy_and_Falaise_pocket">Battle of Normandy and Falaise pocket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle of Normandy and Falaise pocket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-028-25A,_Frankreich,_Invasionsfront.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three men sitting at a table, one apparently with his head bandaged" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-028-25A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Invasionsfront.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-028-25A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Invasionsfront.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-028-25A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Invasionsfront.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-028-25A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Invasionsfront.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-028-25A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Invasionsfront.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-028-25A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Invasionsfront.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Max_W%C3%BCnsche" title="Max Wünsche">Max Wünsche</a> (left), <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Witt" title="Fritz Witt">Fritz Witt</a> (centre), and Meyer about 7–14 June 1944 near <a href="/wiki/Caen,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Caen, France">Caen, France</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Normandy_massacres" title="Normandy massacres">Normandy massacres</a></div> <p>The Allies launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a>, the amphibious invasion of France, on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>June 1944. After much confusion, SS Division Hitlerjugend got moving at about 14:30; several units advanced towards <a href="/wiki/Sword_Beach" title="Sword Beach">one of the beaches</a> on which the Allies had landed, until they were halted by naval and anti-tank fire and Allied <a href="/wiki/Air_interdiction" title="Air interdiction">air interdiction</a>. Meyer, confident that the Allied forces were "little fishes", ordered his regiment to counterattack. The attack led to heavy casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie1997137–141_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie1997137–141-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013300–301_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013300–301-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division was ordered to break through to the beach on 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, but Meyer instructed his regiment to take covering positions and await reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960130_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960130-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Official_History_of_the_Canadian_Army_in_the_Second_World_War" title="Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War"><i>Canadian Official History</i></a> described Meyer's involvement in the battle:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960132_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960132-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Although Meyer claimed later that only shortage of petrol and ammunition prevented him from carrying the attack on towards the coast, this need not be taken seriously. Indeed, he himself testified that seeing from his lofty perch "enemy movements deeper in that area"—doubtless the advance of the main body of the 9th Brigade—he came down and rode his motorcycle to the 3rd Battalion to order its C.O. "not to continue the attack north of Buron". Meyer's 2nd Battalion had been drawn into the fight, north of St. Contest "in the direction of Galmanche". Fierce fighting was going on when Meyer visited the battalion in the early evening; just as he arrived the battalion commander's head was taken off by a tank shot ... Meyer ordered both this battalion and the 1st (around Cambes) to go "over from attack to defense."</p></blockquote> <p>By 22:00, Meyer had set up his command post in <a href="/wiki/Ardenne_Abbey" title="Ardenne Abbey">Ardenne Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960130_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960130-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That evening, elements of the division under Meyer's command committed the <a href="/wiki/Ardenne_Abbey_massacre" title="Ardenne Abbey massacre">Ardenne Abbey massacre</a>; eleven Canadian prisoners of war, soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/North_Nova_Scotia_Highlanders" title="North Nova Scotia Highlanders">North Nova Scotia Highlanders</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke_Hussars" title="Sherbrooke Hussars">27th Armoured Regiment</a> were shot in the back of the head.<sup id="cite_ref-trial_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, divisional commander SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Brigadef%C3%BChrer" title="Brigadeführer">Brigadeführer</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Witt" title="Fritz Witt">Fritz Witt</a> was killed when a naval barrage hit his command post. Meyer, the next-highest-ranking officer, was promoted to divisional commander; at 33 years of age, he was one of the war's youngest German divisional commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForty200429_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForty200429-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lieb" title="Peter Lieb">Peter Lieb</a>, Meyer's rise to division command was relatively typical for the Waffen-SS, as the latter desired individuals as commanders who were regarded as ruthless, brutal, and ready to serve at the front line.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieb2007114–115_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieb2007114–115-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>July, the division had been reduced to a weak <a href="/wiki/Battlegroup_(army)" title="Battlegroup (army)">battlegroup</a>; six days later, it retreated behind the <a href="/wiki/Orne_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Orne River">Orne River</a>. In just over a month of fighting, the division had more than a 60 per cent casualty rate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panther_mont_ormel_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Abandoned equipment and dead horses in a ditch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Panther_mont_ormel_03.jpg/220px-Panther_mont_ormel_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Panther_mont_ormel_03.jpg/330px-Panther_mont_ormel_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Panther_mont_ormel_03.jpg/440px-Panther_mont_ormel_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Destroyed German equipment in the Falaise Pocket</figcaption></figure> <p>The Canadian forces began their advance on <a href="/wiki/Falaise,_Calvados" title="Falaise, Calvados">Falaise</a>, planning to meet up with the Americans with the goal of encircling and destroying most of the German forces in Normandy. The Hitlerjugend division was holding the northern point of what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Falaise_pocket" title="Falaise pocket">Falaise pocket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After several days of fighting Meyer's unit was reduced to about 1,500 men, whom he led in an attempt to break out of the pocket. Meyer described the conditions in the pocket in his memoirs: "Concentrated in such a confined space, we offer unique targets for the enemy air power. [...] Death shadows us at every step".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2005296_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2005296-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer was wounded during the fight with the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Canadian_Division" title="3rd Canadian Division">3rd Canadian Division</a>, but escaped from the Falaise pocket with the division's rearguard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remnants of the division joined the retreat across the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> and into Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27<span class="nowrap"> </span>August, Meyer was awarded the Swords to the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and promoted to SS-<i>Brigadeführer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart201614-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He led his retreating unit as far as the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a>, where he and his headquarters were ambushed by an American armoured column on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>September. The division's staff fled into a nearby village, where Meyer and his driver hid in a barn. A farmer discovered them, and informed the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian resistance">Belgian resistance</a>. Meyer surrendered to local partisans, who handed him over to the Americans on 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143,_144_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143,_144-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prisoner_of_war"><span class="anchor" id="As_POW_under_Allied_surveillance"></span>Prisoner of war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prisoner of war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his surrender, Meyer was initially hospitalized due to injuries he received from his American guards during an altercation. He was transferred to a POW camp near <a href="/wiki/Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Compiègne">Compiègne</a> in August and attempted to hide his SS affiliation, but his identity as a high-ranking SS officer was discovered in November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000144_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000144-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer was then interned at <a href="/wiki/Trent_Park#Second_World_War" title="Trent Park">Trent Park</a> in England, where his conversations with other high-ranking prisoners of war were covertly tape-recorded by British military intelligence. He was frank about his <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">Nazi</a>-orientated political beliefs in these exchanges; Meyer had dedicated himself to its ideology, saying that a person "could only give his heart once in life".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One interrogator described him as "the personification of National Socialism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000145_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000145-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the recordings, Meyer and other SS men confirmed the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German armed forces</a> officers' view of them as ideological fanatics with an almost religious belief in Nazism, the <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a>, and the messianic <a href="/wiki/Personality_cult" class="mw-redirect" title="Personality cult">personality cult</a> of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311–312_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311–312-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a taped January 1945 conversation, Meyer praised Hitler for having inspired a "tremendous awakening in the German people" and for reviving their self-confidence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012211_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012211-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a taped conversation the following month, he chided a demoralized Wehrmacht general: "I wish a lot of the officers here could command my division, so that they might learn some inkling of self-sacrifice and fanaticism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012299_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012299-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the recordings, Meyer had not just paid lip service to Nazi ideology to further his military career; he saw himself as an ideological racial warrior with a duty to indoctrinate his men with the National Socialist creed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311–312_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311–312-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite rigorous interrogations by British authorities, Meyer refused to admit any war crimes;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000144,_145_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000144,_145-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his involvement in the Ardenne Abbey massacre was eventually revealed by imprisoned SS deserters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000145–150_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000145–150-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_crimes_trial">War crimes trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: War crimes trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meyer was held as a prisoner of war until December 1945, when he was tried in the German town of <a href="/wiki/Aurich" title="Aurich">Aurich</a> for the murder of unarmed Allied prisoners of war in Normandy.<sup id="cite_ref-trial_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indictment">Indictment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indictment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MeyerTrial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Meyer in court, standing between two guards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/MeyerTrial.jpg/250px-MeyerTrial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/MeyerTrial.jpg/330px-MeyerTrial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/MeyerTrial.jpg/500px-MeyerTrial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption>Meyer stands trial in Aurich, Germany, for five counts of war crimes in December 1945.</figcaption></figure> <p>Meyer's charges were:<sup id="cite_ref-trial_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Prior to 7 June 1944, Meyer had incited troops under his command to deny quarter to surrendering Allied soldiers.</li> <li>On or around 7 June 1944, Meyer was responsible for his troops killing twenty-three prisoners of war at Buron and Authie.</li> <li>On or around 8 June 1944, Meyer ordered his troops to kill seven prisoners of war at his headquarters at the Abbaye Ardenne.</li> <li>On or around 8 June 1944, Meyer was responsible for his troops killing seven prisoners of war, as above.</li> <li>On or around 8 June 1944, Meyer was responsible for his troops killing eleven prisoners of war, as above.</li></ol> <p>The third and fourth charges referred to the same event; the fourth charge was an alternative to the third, if the killings were found to be a war crime but he was found not to have ordered them. The fifth charge was related to a separate group of prisoners; in this case, the prosecution did not allege that Meyer had directly ordered their deaths. He was charged with responsibility for the deaths of twenty-three prisoners on 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, and eighteen more the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-uwe_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwe-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer pleaded not guilty to all five charges.<sup id="cite_ref-trial_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second charge sheet accusing him of responsibility for the deaths of seven Canadian prisoners of war in Mouen on 8<span class="nowrap"> </span>June 1944 was prepared; after the successful conclusion of the first trial, however, it was decided not to try the second set of charges.<sup id="cite_ref-trial_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No charges were laid against him for alleged previous war crimes in Poland or Ukraine; the Canadian court was constituted to deal only with crimes committed against Canadian nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode199731_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode199731-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proceedings">Proceedings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Proceedings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The court, the first major Canadian war-crimes trial, faced a number of problems before it could be convened. Chief among them was the fact that since the accused was a general, he had to be tried by soldiers of equal rank; finding enough available Canadian generals was difficult. The court as eventually constituted had four brigadiers – one, Ian Johnston, was a lawyer in civilian life – and was presided over by Major General <a href="/wiki/Harry_Wickwire_Foster" title="Harry Wickwire Foster">H. W. Foster</a>, who had commanded the <a href="/wiki/7th_Canadian_Infantry_Brigade" title="7th Canadian Infantry Brigade">7th Canadian Infantry Brigade</a> in Normandy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode199754–55_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode199754–55-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with eyewitness statements by German and Canadian soldiers and French civilians, Meyer was found guilty of the first, fourth and fifth charges and acquitted of the second and third; he was deemed responsible for inciting his troops to give no quarter to the enemy and for his troops' killing of eighteen prisoners at the Abbaye Ardenne, but not responsible for the killings of twenty-three at Buron and Authie. Meyer was found responsible for the deaths at the Abbaye Ardenne, but acquitted of directly ordering the killings.<sup id="cite_ref-trial_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Meyer's closing statement before sentencing, he did not ask for clemency but defended the record of his unit and the innocence of his soldiers: "By the Canadian Army I was treated as a soldier and ... the proceedings were fairly conducted".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode199799–100_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode199799–100-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meyer’s case is notable as one of the earliest applications of the legal concept of <a href="/wiki/Command_responsibility" title="Command responsibility">command responsibility</a>—accountability in personal terms for the actions of subordinates in violating the laws of war. The concept is now codified in the <a href="/wiki/Protocol_I" title="Protocol I">1977 Additional Protocol I</a> to the 1949 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> as well as the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Crimes_Against_Humanity_and_War_Crimes_Act" title="Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act">Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELackenbauerMadsen200715_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELackenbauerMadsen200715-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sentence">Sentence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sentence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although most observers expected a long imprisonment – the court had not found him guilty of directly ordering the murders, but tacitly condoning them – the court sentenced Meyer to death by firing squad. One of the judges, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Pybus_Bell-Irving" title="Henry Pybus Bell-Irving">Brigadier Bell-Irving</a>, later said that he believed a guilty sentence required a death sentence and that no lesser sentence was permissible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997100–101_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997100–101-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sentence was subject to confirmation by higher command; Meyer was originally willing to accept it, but was persuaded by his wife and his defence counsel to appeal. The appeal was reviewed by Canadian headquarters and dismissed by Major-General <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Vokes" title="Christopher Vokes">Christopher Vokes</a>, the official convening authority for the court, who said that he could not see a clear way to mitigate the sentence imposed by the court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997102_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997102-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly before the sentence was to be carried out, however, the prosecutor realised that the trial regulations contained a section requiring a final review by "the senior combatant officer in the theatre" and no-one had completed such a review. The execution was postponed until it could be carried out. The senior officer was the commander of Canadian forces in Europe: Christopher Vokes, who had dismissed Meyer's appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997104_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997104-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vokes had second thoughts and began a series of meetings with senior officials to discuss how to proceed. Vokes' main concern was the degree to which a commander should be held responsible for the actions of his men. The consensus which emerged from the discussions was that death was an appropriate sentence only when "the offence was conclusively shown to have resulted from the direct act of the commander or by his omission to act".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997106_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997106-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vokes said "There isn't a general or colonel on the Allied side that I know of who hasn't said, 'Well, this time we don't want any prisoners<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>". Vokes had himself ordered the <a href="/wiki/Razing_of_Friesoythe" title="Razing of Friesoythe">razing of Friesoythe</a>, a German town, in 1945, and had ordered the shooting of two prisoners in 1943 before his divisional commander intervened.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997105_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997105-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meyer was scheduled to be shot on 7 January 1946. An execution site was selected and the firing party readied. Meyer initially refused to file for clemency, and he seemed to bitterly accept his upcoming death. "So, this is how my life will end," he said. "A volley will crack out in a sandpit somewhere and my body will disappear into a nameless grave." However, under pressure from his wife and lawyer, Meyer filed for clemency. He won a stay of execution on 5 January. On 14 January 1946, Vokes <a href="/wiki/Commutation_of_sentence" class="mw-redirect" title="Commutation of sentence">commuted</a> Meyer's sentence to life imprisonment, saying he felt that Meyer's level of responsibility for the crimes did not warrant execution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000168_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000168-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the reprieve, which sparked outrage amongst much of the Canadian public, a Communist-run German newspaper reported that the Soviet Union was considering putting Meyer on trial for war crimes allegedly committed at Kharkov. Nothing came of this, however, and Meyer was transported to Canada to begin his sentence in April 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997107_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997107-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served five years at the <a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Penitentiary" title="Dorchester Penitentiary">Dorchester Penitentiary</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, where he worked in the library and learned English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHow1995366_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHow1995366-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meyer petitioned for clemency in late 1950, offering to serve in a Canadian or United Nations military force if released.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997206–209_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997206–209-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the new West German government was seeking the release of German war criminals incarcerated in Allied prisons, and the Canadian and other western Allied governments were looking to gain West German support for NATO to oppose possible Soviet aggression in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELackenbauerMadsen200722–26_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELackenbauerMadsen200722–26-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Canadian government was willing to let him return to a German prison, but not release him outright; he was transferred to a British military prison in <a href="/wiki/Werl" title="Werl">Werl</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, in 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997206–209_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997206–209-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer was released from prison on 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>September 1954, after the Canadian government approved a reduction of his sentence to fourteen years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997213_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997213-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he returned to Germany in 1951, he told a reporter that nationalism was past and that "a <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">united Europe</a> is now the only answer".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997210_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997210-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="HIAG_activities_and_death"><span class="anchor" id="Activities_within_HIAG"></span>HIAG activities and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: HIAG activities and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meyer became active in <a href="/wiki/HIAG" title="HIAG">HIAG</a>, the Waffen-SS lobby group formed in 1951 by former high-ranking Waffen-SS men including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hausser" title="Paul Hausser">Paul Hausser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Steiner" title="Felix Steiner">Felix Steiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gille" title="Herbert Gille">Herbert Gille</a>, when he was released from prison. He was a leading Waffen-SS apologist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984255_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984255-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer announced at a 1957 HIAG rally that although he stood behind his old commanders, Hitler made many mistakes and it was time to look to the future rather than the past.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said to about 8,000 ex-SS men at the 1957 HIAG convention in Karlsberg, Bavaria, "SS troops committed no crimes, except the <a href="/wiki/Oradour-sur-Glane_massacre" title="Oradour-sur-Glane massacre">massacre at Oradour</a>, and that was the action of a single man". According to Meyer, the Waffen-SS was "as much a regular army outfit as any other in the Wehrmacht".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984255–256_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984255–256-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meyer's memoirs, <i>Grenadiere</i> (1957), were published as part of this campaign and were a glorification of the SS's part in the war and his role in it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book, detailing Meyer's exploits at the front, was an element of Waffen-SS rehabilitation efforts. He condemned the "inhuman suffering" to which Waffen-SS personnel had been subjected "for crimes which they neither committed, nor were able to prevent".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984256_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984256-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Sydnor" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles W. Sydnor">Charles W. Sydnor</a> called <i>Grenadiere</i> "perhaps the boldest and most truculent of the apologist works".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydnor1973_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESydnor1973-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was part of HIAG's campaign to promote the perception of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_in_popular_culture" title="Waffen-SS in popular culture">Waffen-SS in popular culture</a> as apolitical, recklessly-brave fighters who were not involved in the war crimes of the Nazi regime, a perception which has since been refuted by historians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie1997137–141_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie1997137–141-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1958, Meyer shook hands with <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> politician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulrich_Lohmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulrich Lohmar (page does not exist)">Ulrich Lohmar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Lohmar" class="extiw" title="de:Ulrich Lohmar">de</a>]</span> at a HIAG meeting. The event was widely discussed, with HIAG regarding it as good publicity. Many SPD members criticised Lohmar, saying that Meyer remained unapologetic about SS crimes and was an enemy of democracy despite his claims to the contrary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018103–105_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018103–105-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grab_Kurt_Meyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Grave of Kurt Meyer, photographed in 2019. It is still well maintained." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Grab_Kurt_Meyer.jpg/170px-Grab_Kurt_Meyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Grab_Kurt_Meyer.jpg/255px-Grab_Kurt_Meyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Grab_Kurt_Meyer.jpg/340px-Grab_Kurt_Meyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption>Meyer's grave in <a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>One of HIAG's <i>de facto</i> leaders, Meyer was appointed the organization's spokesperson in 1959. He presented himself in this capacity as pragmatic and loyal to the West German state, and HIAG as an apolitical group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018106–107_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018106–107-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though elements of HIAG increasingly aligned with extreme right-wing groups such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></i> (DRP), Meyer continued to push for a more moderate image in the public. In a television interview with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> in January 1960, he even claimed that he would order Waffen-SS veterans to protect Jewish synagogues and graveyards if he could do so. This statement was met with severe criticism by many openly antisemitic members of HIAG, resulting in growing tensions in the organization. Meyer responded by dissolving the most extreme chapters of HIAG, and restructuring the group to solidify the control of its central leadership over the members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilke201884–85_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilke201884–85-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His tactics met with some success, and he met with numerous politicians to advocate for better treatment of former Waffen-SS members, convincing some that he and HIAG had distanced themselves from <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Germany_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present)">far-right extremism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018107–108_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018107–108-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had less success in his 1959–1961 meetings with prominent SPD politician and former <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camp</a> inmate <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Erler_(politician)" title="Fritz Erler (politician)">Fritz Erler</a>. The latter was supposed to gauge Meyer's supposed conversion to democracy, as the SPD was prepared to support a moderate wing of HIAG to counteract more extreme elements of the group. Erler repeatedly confronted Meyer with the extreme right-wing rhetoric of many HIAG members and outlets, prompting the spokesman to shift all blame to his rivals in the lobby group. Meyer never fully convinced Erler of his position, but his meetings with him and other politicians still enabled HIAG to become more respected in the public and better spread its message.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilke201885–86_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilke201885–86-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of his claims, Meyer always remained a covert, steadfast adherent of Nazism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018107_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018107-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meyer experienced poor health later in life, with heart and kidney disease and requiring the use of a cane.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a series of mild strokes, he died of a heart attack in <a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>, on 23<span class="nowrap"> </span>December 1961. Fifteen thousand people attended his funeral in Hagen, with the customary cushion-bearer carrying his medals in the cortege.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1986pp._328–329:_"photo_caption"_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1986pp._328–329:_"photo_caption"-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> (1939) <ul><li>2nd Class (20<span class="nowrap"> </span>September 1939)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas199877-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1st Class (8 June 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas199877-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Cross" title="German Cross">German Cross</a> in Gold on 8<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 1942 as SS-<i>Sturmbannführer</i> in SS-Division "Adolf Hitler"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_with_Oak_Leaves_and_Swords" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords</a> <ul><li>Knight's Cross on 18<span class="nowrap"> </span>May 1941 as SS-<i>Sturmbannführer</i> and commander of SS-Aufklärungs-Abteilung "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000310_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000310-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>195th Oak Leaves on 23<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 1943 as SS-<i>Obersturmbannführer</i> and commander of the SS-Aufklärungs-Abteilung "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200066_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200066-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>91st Swords on 27<span class="nowrap"> </span>August 1944 as SS-<i>Standartenführer</i> and commander of the <a href="/wiki/SS_Division_Hitlerjugend" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Division Hitlerjugend">SS Division Hitlerjugend</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200045_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200045-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2005" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Kurt (2005) [1957]. <i>Grenadiers</i>. Stackpole Military History Series. <a href="/wiki/Stackpole_Books" title="Stackpole Books">Stackpole Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3197-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3197-3"><bdi>978-0-8117-3197-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grenadiers&rft.series=Stackpole+Military+History+Series&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-3197-3&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Modlin_group=Note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Modlin_group=Note_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Modlin_group=Note_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beevor, p. 181. Beevor cites Peter Lieb's <i>Konventioneller Krieg oder NS-Weltanschauungskrieg?: Kriegführung und Partisanenbekämpfung in Frankreich 1943/44</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YOQrCMS2FYkC&dq=Konventionelle%20Krieg&pg=PA159">p. 159</a> (2007), which refers to the findings of an Allied court of enquiry on war crimes in Normandy (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=4602970&CATLN=6&accessmethod=5">TS 26/856</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606001047/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=4602970&CATLN=6&accessmethod=5">Archived</a> 6 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The National Archives). Part of this document (relating to the Modlin shootings) is summarised <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=142224&start=0#p1237117">here</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615163405/http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=142224&start=0#p1237117">Archived</a> 15 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Neither case was tried by the Canadian court (which restricted itself solely to cases related to Canadians), but Brode (p. 58) notes that the prosecution was aware of at least the Kharkov case and contemplated introducing it as additional background material. After Meyer's sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, the Soviet Union reportedly wanted to try him for the Kharkov case; however, nothing came of this (see Brode, p. 107).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Scherzer as commander of Aufklärungs-Abteilung "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013664-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013664_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, p. 664.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster198636-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster198636_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster198636_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster1986">Foster 1986</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013149-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013149_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2013">McNab 2013</a>, p. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart201614-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart201614_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHart2016">Hart 2016</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELieb2007514-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieb2007514_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLieb2007">Lieb 2007</a>, p. 514.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376,_664-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier201376,_664_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, pp. 76, 664.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas199877-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas199877_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomas1998">Thomas 1998</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013137,_227-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013137,_227_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, pp. 137, 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013159-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013159_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2013">McNab 2013</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013179-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013179_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001308_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatzwallScherzer2001">Patzwall & Scherzer 2001</a>, p. 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013206-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013206_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013218–219-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013218–219_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, pp. 218–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204,_245–248-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013204,_245–248_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, pp. 204, 245–248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013245–248-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013245–248_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, pp. 245–248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013241,_245-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013241,_245_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, pp. 241, 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker201495–96-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker201495–96_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2014">Parker 2014</a>, pp. 95–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker201496-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker201496_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker201496_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2014">Parker 2014</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2014356–357-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2014356–357_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2014">Parker 2014</a>, pp. 356–357.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie1997137–141-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie1997137–141_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie1997137–141_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacKenzie1997">MacKenzie 1997</a>, pp. 137–141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013300–301-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestemeier2013300–301_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestemeier2013">Westemeier 2013</a>, pp. 300–301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960130-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960130_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960130_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaceyBond1960">Stacey & Bond 1960</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960132-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaceyBond1960132_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaceyBond1960">Stacey & Bond 1960</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trial-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trial_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trial_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trial_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trial_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trial_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trial_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001120002400/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/meyer.htm">"The Abbaye Ardenne Case: Trial of SS Brigadefuhrer Kurt Meyer. United Nations War Crimes Commission, 1948"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/meyer.htm">the original</a> on 20 November 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Abbaye+Ardenne+Case%3A+Trial+of+SS+Brigadefuhrer+Kurt+Meyer.+United+Nations+War+Crimes+Commission%2C+1948&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ess.uwe.ac.uk%2FWCC%2Fmeyer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForty200429-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForty200429_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForty2004">Forty 2004</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELieb2007114–115-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieb2007114–115_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLieb2007">Lieb 2007</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013298_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2013">McNab 2013</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargolian2000">Margolian 2000</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2005296-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2005296_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeyer2005">Meyer 2005</a>, p. 296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007541_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScherzer2007">Scherzer 2007</a>, p. 541.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143,_144-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000143,_144_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargolian2000">Margolian 2000</a>, pp. 143, 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000144-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000144_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargolian2000">Margolian 2000</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeitzelWelzer2012">Neitzel & Welzer 2012</a>, p. 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000145-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000145_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargolian2000">Margolian 2000</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311–312-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311–312_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012311–312_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeitzelWelzer2012">Neitzel & Welzer 2012</a>, pp. 311–312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012211-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012211_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeitzelWelzer2012">Neitzel & Welzer 2012</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012299-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeitzelWelzer2012299_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeitzelWelzer2012">Neitzel & Welzer 2012</a>, p. 299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000144,_145-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000144,_145_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargolian2000">Margolian 2000</a>, pp. 144, 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000145–150-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000145–150_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargolian2000">Margolian 2000</a>, pp. 145–150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uwe-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uwe_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011123004337/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/meyercharge.htm">"Kurt Meyer | Copy of the formal charge sheet"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/meyercharge.htm">the original</a> on 23 November 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurt+Meyer+%26%23124%3B+Copy+of+the+formal+charge+sheet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ess.uwe.ac.uk%2FWCC%2Fmeyercharge.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode199731-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode199731_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode199754–55-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode199754–55_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode199799–100-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode199799–100_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, pp. 99–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELackenbauerMadsen200715-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELackenbauerMadsen200715_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLackenbauerMadsen2007">Lackenbauer & Madsen 2007</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997100–101-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997100–101_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997102-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997102_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997104-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997104_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997106-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997106_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997105-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997105_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000168-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolian2000168_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargolian2000">Margolian 2000</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997107-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997107_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHow1995366-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHow1995366_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHow1995">How 1995</a>, p. 366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997206–209-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997206–209_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997206–209_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, pp. 206–209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELackenbauerMadsen200722–26-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELackenbauerMadsen200722–26_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLackenbauerMadsen2007">Lackenbauer & Madsen 2007</a>, pp. 22–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997213-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997213_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997210-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997210_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984255-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984255_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrode1997214_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrode1997">Brode 1997</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984255–256-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984255–256_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, pp. 255–256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984256-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984256_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESydnor1973-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydnor1973_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSydnor1973">Sydnor 1973</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018103–105-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018103–105_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEichmüller2018">Eichmüller 2018</a>, pp. 103–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018106–107-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018106–107_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEichmüller2018">Eichmüller 2018</a>, pp. 106–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilke201884–85-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilke201884–85_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilke2018">Wilke 2018</a>, pp. 84–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018107–108-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018107–108_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEichmüller2018">Eichmüller 2018</a>, pp. 107–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilke201885–86-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilke201885–86_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilke2018">Wilke 2018</a>, pp. 85–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018107-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichmüller2018107_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEichmüller2018">Eichmüller 2018</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1986pp._328–329:_"photo_caption"-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1986pp._328–329:_"photo_caption"_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster1986">Foster 1986</a>, pp. 328–329: "photo caption".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000310-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000310_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFellgiebel2000">Fellgiebel 2000</a>, p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200066-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200066_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFellgiebel2000">Fellgiebel 2000</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200045-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200045_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFellgiebel2000">Fellgiebel 2000</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Beevor" title="Antony Beevor">Beevor, Antony</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ddaybattlefornor00beev_0"><i>D-Day: The Battle for Normandy</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Viking_Penguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking Penguin">Viking Penguin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02119-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02119-2"><bdi>978-0-670-02119-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D-Day%3A+The+Battle+for+Normandy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Viking+Penguin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-670-02119-2&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fddaybattlefornor00beev_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrode1997" class="citation book cs1">Brode, Patrick (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/casualslaughters0000brod"><i>Casual Slaughters and Accidental Judgements: Canadian War Crimes Prosecutions, 1944–1948</i></a>. Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-4204-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-4204-X"><bdi>0-8020-4204-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Casual+Slaughters+and+Accidental+Judgements%3A+Canadian+War+Crimes+Prosecutions%2C+1944%E2%80%931948&rft.pub=Osgoode+Society+for+Canadian+Legal+History&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8020-4204-X&rft.aulast=Brode&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcasualslaughters0000brod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEichmüller2018" class="citation book cs1">Eichmüller, Andreas (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uwh2DwAAQBAJ"><i>Die SS in der Bundesrepublik: Debatten und Diskurse über ehemalige SS-Angehörige 1949–1985</i></a> [<i>The SS in the Federal Republic: Discussions and discourses about former SS members 1949–1985</i>]. Berlin; Boston: Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-057012-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-057012-0"><bdi>978-3-11-057012-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+SS+in+der+Bundesrepublik%3A+Debatten+und+Diskurse+%C3%BCber+ehemalige+SS-Angeh%C3%B6rige+1949%E2%80%931985&rft.place=Berlin%3B+Boston&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-11-057012-0&rft.aulast=Eichm%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUwh2DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFellgiebel2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther-Peer_Fellgiebel" class="extiw" title="de:Walther-Peer Fellgiebel">Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (2000) [1986]. <i>Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile</i> [<i>The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches</i>] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0284-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0284-6"><bdi>978-3-7909-0284-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Tr%C3%A4ger+des+Ritterkreuzes+des+Eisernen+Kreuzes+1939%E2%80%931945+%E2%80%94+Die+Inhaber+der+h%C3%B6chsten+Auszeichnung+des+Zweiten+Weltkrieges+aller+Wehrmachtteile&rft.place=Friedberg%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Podzun-Pallas&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6&rft.aulast=Fellgiebel&rft.aufirst=Walther-Peer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForty2004" class="citation book cs1">Forty, George (2004). <i>Villers Bocage</i>. Battle Zone Normandy. <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton Publishing">Sutton Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-3012-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-3012-8"><bdi>0-7509-3012-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Villers+Bocage&rft.series=Battle+Zone+Normandy&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7509-3012-8&rft.aulast=Forty&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoster1986" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Tony (1986) [1986]. <i>Meeting of Generals</i>. <a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-458-80520-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-458-80520-3"><bdi>0-458-80520-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meeting+of+Generals&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-458-80520-3&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHart2016" class="citation book cs1">Hart, Stephen A. (2016). <i>Operation Totalize 1944</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-147281-288-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-147281-288-9"><bdi>978-147281-288-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operation+Totalize+1944&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-147281-288-9&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Stephen+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHow1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_How" title="Douglas How">How, Douglas</a> (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onevillageonewar0000howd"><i>One Village One War, 1914–1945</i></a></span>. Hantsport: Lancelot Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88999-563-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88999-563-5"><bdi>978-0-88999-563-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Village+One+War%2C+1914%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Hantsport&rft.pub=Lancelot+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-88999-563-5&rft.aulast=How&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonevillageonewar0000howd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLackenbauerMadsen2007" class="citation book cs1">Lackenbauer, P. Whitney; Madsen, Chris M.V., eds. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/222219"><i>Kurt Meyer on Trial: A Documentary Record</i></a>. Kingston: Canadian Defence Academy Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-662-46169-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-662-46169-2"><bdi>978-0-662-46169-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurt+Meyer+on+Trial%3A+A+Documentary+Record&rft.place=Kingston&rft.pub=Canadian+Defence+Academy+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-662-46169-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F222219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLieb2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lieb" title="Peter Lieb">Lieb, Peter</a> (2007). <i>Konventioneller Krieg oder NS-Weltanschauungskrieg?: Kriegführung und Partisanenbekämpfung in Frankreich 1943/44</i> [<i>Conventional War or National Socialist War?: Warfare and Partisan Fighting in France 1943/44</i>] (in German). <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">De Gruyter Oldenbourg</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3486579925" title="Special:BookSources/978-3486579925"><bdi>978-3486579925</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Konventioneller+Krieg+oder+NS-Weltanschauungskrieg%3F%3A+Kriegf%C3%BChrung+und+Partisanenbek%C3%A4mpfung+in+Frankreich+1943%2F44&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Oldenbourg&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3486579925&rft.aulast=Lieb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMargolian2000" class="citation book cs1">Margolian, Howard (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iER3n7NkAPoC"><i>Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802083609" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802083609"><bdi>978-0802083609</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conduct+Unbecoming%3A+The+Story+of+the+Murder+of+Canadian+Prisoners+of+War+in+Normandy&rft.place=Toronto%2C+London&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0802083609&rft.aulast=Margolian&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiER3n7NkAPoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacKenzie1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_MacKenzie" title="Simon MacKenzie">MacKenzie, S.P.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/products/9780415867771"><i>Revolutionary Armies in the Modern Era: A Revisionist Approach</i></a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-09690-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-09690-4"><bdi>978-0-415-09690-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutionary+Armies+in+the+Modern+Era%3A+A+Revisionist+Approach&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-415-09690-4&rft.aulast=MacKenzie&rft.aufirst=S.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fproducts%2F9780415867771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNab2013" class="citation book cs1">McNab, Chris (2013). <i>Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939–45</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1782000884" title="Special:BookSources/978-1782000884"><bdi>978-1782000884</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Elite%3A+The+SS+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1782000884&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeitzelWelzer2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6nke_Neitzel" title="Sönke Neitzel">Neitzel, Sönke</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harald_Welzer" title="Harald Welzer">Welzer, Harald</a> (2012). <i>Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing and Dying</i>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84983-949-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84983-949-5"><bdi>978-1-84983-949-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soldaten%3A+On+Fighting%2C+Killing+and+Dying&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84983-949-5&rft.aulast=Neitzel&rft.aufirst=S%C3%B6nke&rft.au=Welzer%2C+Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParker2014" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Danny S. (2014). <i>Hitler's Warrior: The Life and Wars of SS Colonel Jochen Peiper</i>. <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0306821547" title="Special:BookSources/978-0306821547"><bdi>978-0306821547</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Warrior%3A+The+Life+and+Wars+of+SS+Colonel+Jochen+Peiper&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0306821547&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Danny+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatzwallScherzer2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). <i>Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II</i> [<i>The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2</i>] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-931533-45-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-931533-45-8"><bdi>978-3-931533-45-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Deutsche+Kreuz+1941+%E2%80%93+1945+Geschichte+und+Inhaber+Band+II&rft.place=Norderstedt%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Verlag+Klaus+D.+Patzwall&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-931533-45-8&rft.aulast=Patzwall&rft.aufirst=Klaus+D.&rft.au=Scherzer%2C+Veit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaceyBond1960" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Perry_Stacey" title="Charles Perry Stacey">Stacey, Colonel Charles Perry</a>; Bond, Major C.C.J. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080912012732/http://www.dnd.ca/dhh/collections/books/files/books/Victory_e.pdf">"Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War: Volume III. The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe 1944–1945"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Printer#Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Printer">The Queen's Printer</a> and Controller of Stationery Ottawa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnd.ca/dhh/collections/books/files/books/Victory_e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History+of+the+Canadian+Army+in+the+Second+World+War%3A+Volume+III.+The+Victory+Campaign%3A+The+Operations+in+North-West+Europe+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=The+Queen%27s+Printer+and+Controller+of+Stationery+Ottawa&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Stacey&rft.aufirst=Colonel+Charles+Perry&rft.au=Bond%2C+Major+C.C.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnd.ca%2Fdhh%2Fcollections%2Fbooks%2Ffiles%2Fbooks%2FVictory_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScherzer2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scherzer, Veit (2007). <i>Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945</i> [<i>The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945</i>] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-938845-17-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-938845-17-2"><bdi>978-3-938845-17-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Ritterkreuztr%C3%A4ger+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Jena%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Scherzers+Militaer-Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-938845-17-2&rft.aulast=Scherzer&rft.aufirst=Veit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStein1984" class="citation book cs1">Stein, George (1984) [1966]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/waffensshitlerse00stei"><i>The Waffen-SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War 1939–1945</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-9275-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-9275-0"><bdi>0-8014-9275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Waffen-SS%3A+Hitler%27s+Elite+Guard+at+War+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8014-9275-0&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwaffensshitlerse00stei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSydnor1973" class="citation journal cs1">Sydnor, Charles W. Jr. (1973). "The History of the SS Totenkopfdivision and the Postwar Mythology of the Waffen SS". <i>Central European History</i>. <b>6</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: <span class="nowrap">339–</span>362. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0008938900000960">10.1017/S0008938900000960</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144835004">144835004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+European+History&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+SS+Totenkopfdivision+and+the+Postwar+Mythology+of+the+Waffen+SS&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E339-%3C%2Fspan%3E362&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0008938900000960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144835004%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sydnor&rft.aufirst=Charles+W.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thomas, Franz (1998). <i>Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z</i> [<i>The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z</i>] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7648-2300-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7648-2300-9"><bdi>978-3-7648-2300-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Eichenlaubtr%C3%A4ger+1939%E2%80%931945+Band+2%3A+L%E2%80%93Z&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Biblio-Verlag&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWestemeier2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jens_Westemeier" title="Jens Westemeier">Westemeier, Jens</a> (2013). <i>Himmlers Krieger: Joachim Peiper und die Waffen-SS in Krieg und Nachkriegszeit</i> [<i>Himmler's Warriors: Joachim Peiper and the Waffen-SS during the War and Post-war Period</i>]. Paderborn, Germany: <a href="/wiki/Verlag_Ferdinand_Sch%C3%B6ningh" title="Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh">Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-506-77241-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-506-77241-1"><bdi>978-3-506-77241-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himmlers+Krieger%3A+Joachim+Peiper+und+die+Waffen-SS+in+Krieg+und+Nachkriegszeit&rft.place=Paderborn%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Verlag+Ferdinand+Sch%C3%B6ningh&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-506-77241-1&rft.aulast=Westemeier&rft.aufirst=Jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilke2018" class="citation book cs1">Wilke, Karsten (2018). "Veteranen der Waffen-SS in der frühen Bundesrepublik. Aufbau, gesellschaftliche Einbindung und Netzwerke der "Hilfsgemeinschaft auf Gegenseitigkeit"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". In Jan Erik Schulte; Michael Wildt (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B1xtDwAAQBAJ"><i>Die SS nach 1945: Entschuldungsnarrative, populäre Mythen, europäische Erinnerungsdiskurse</i></a> [<i>The SS after 1945: apology narrative, popular myths, European remembrance discourses</i>]. Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. <span class="nowrap">75–</span>98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3847108207" title="Special:BookSources/978-3847108207"><bdi>978-3847108207</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Veteranen+der+Waffen-SS+in+der+fr%C3%BChen+Bundesrepublik.+Aufbau%2C+gesellschaftliche+Einbindung+und+Netzwerke+der+%22Hilfsgemeinschaft+auf+Gegenseitigkeit%22&rft.btitle=Die+SS+nach+1945%3A+Entschuldungsnarrative%2C+popul%C3%A4re+Mythen%2C+europ%C3%A4ische+Erinnerungsdiskurse&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen%2C+Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E98&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3847108207&rft.aulast=Wilke&rft.aufirst=Karsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB1xtDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurt+Meyer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/222219/Kurt_Meyer_on_Trial_A_Documentary_Record._Kingston_CDA_Press_2007._xii_697_pp._With_Chris_Madsen._">Kurt Meyer on Trial: A Documentary Record. Kingston: CDA Press, 2007</a> Available as a PDF download with free registration.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/memorials/overseas/second-world-war/france/ardenne">d'Ardenne Massacres Memorial</a> Official website of Veterans Affairs Canada.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">SS-Brigadeführer <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Witt" title="Fritz Witt">Fritz Witt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/12th_SS_Panzer_Division_Hitlerjugend" title="12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend">12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend</a> </b><br />14 June 1944 – 6 September 1944 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">SS-Obersturmbannführer <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Meyer" title="Hubert Meyer">Hubert Meyer</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="J.J._Fedorowicz_Publishing835" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="J.J._Fedorowicz_Publishing835" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/J.J._Fedorowicz_Publishing" title="J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing">J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carell" title="Paul Carell">Paul Carell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Fey" title="Willi Fey">Willi Fey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Kumm" title="Otto Kumm">Otto Kumm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kurowski" title="Franz Kurowski">Franz Kurowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Lehmann_(SS_officer)" title="Rudolf Lehmann (SS officer)">Rudolf Lehmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Meyer" title="Hubert Meyer">Hubert Meyer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurt Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Tieke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Tieke (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Tieke</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Tieke" class="extiw" title="de:Wilhelm Tieke">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Weidinger" title="Otto Weidinger">Otto Weidinger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Aces" title="Infantry Aces">Infantry Aces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panzer_Aces_(book_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzer Aces (book series)">Panzer Aces</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historiography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Eastern_Front:_The_Nazi-Soviet_War_in_American_Popular_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="The Myth of the Eastern Front: The Nazi-Soviet War in American Popular Culture">The Myth of the Eastern Front: The Nazi-Soviet War in American Popular Culture</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIAG" title="HIAG">HIAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean Wehrmacht">Myth of the "clean Wehrmacht"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_in_popular_culture" title="Waffen-SS in popular culture">Waffen-SS in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Canada_and_war_crimes309" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:CanadianWarCrimes" title="Template talk:CanadianWarCrimes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CanadianWarCrimes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CanadianWarCrimes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Canada_and_war_crimes309" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Canada and <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desch%C3%AAnes_Commission" title="Deschênes Commission">Commission of Inquiry on War Criminals in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_Against_Humanity_and_War_Crimes_Act" title="Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act">Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canadian-born individuals convicted of war crimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khadr" title="Omar Khadr">Omar Khadr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanao_Inouye" title="Kanao Inouye">Kanao Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ribic" title="Nicholas Ribic">Nicholas Ribic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canadian immigrants charged with war crimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Csat%C3%A1ry" title="László Csatáry">László Csatáry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Finta" title="Imre Finta">Imre Finta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Katriuk" title="Vladimir Katriuk">Vladimir Katriuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Luitjens" title="Jacob Luitjens">Jacob Luitjens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Munyaneza" title="Désiré Munyaneza">Désiré Munyaneza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Mugesera" title="Léon Mugesera">Léon Mugesera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Rauca" title="Helmut Rauca">Helmut Rauca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreigners charged with war crimes by Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurt Meyer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57220#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1875" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000079807536">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/120700426">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/234172/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJppwjQbdW7KKwJyb8C4v3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118581910">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr88006947">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120968735">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120968735">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00449892">Japan</a></span></li><li><span 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Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118581910">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029316650">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 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.portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Kurt Meyer</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kurt_Meyer" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Kurt Meyer">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&oldid=1268711283">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Meyer&oldid=1268711283</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1910_births" title="Category:1910 births">1910 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1961_deaths" title="Category:1961 deaths">1961 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_mass_murderers" title="Category:German mass murderers">German mass murderers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II_held_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom">German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II_held_by_the_United_States" title="Category:German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States">German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_prisoners_sentenced_to_death" title="Category:German prisoners sentenced to death">German prisoners sentenced to death</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hitler_Youth_members" title="Category:Hitler Youth members">Hitler Youth members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_HIAG" title="Category:Members of HIAG">Members of HIAG</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_Lower_Saxony" title="Category:Military personnel from Lower Saxony">Military personnel from Lower Saxony</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazis_convicted_of_war_crimes" title="Category:Nazis convicted of war crimes">Nazis convicted of war crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Helmstedt_(district)" title="Category:People from Helmstedt (district)">People from Helmstedt (district)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Perpetrators_of_World_War_II_prisoner_of_war_massacres" title="Category:Perpetrators of World War II prisoner of war massacres">Perpetrators of World War II prisoner of war massacres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_sentenced_to_death_by_Canada" title="Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by Canada">Prisoners sentenced to death by Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_sentenced_to_death_by_military_courts" title="Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by military courts">Prisoners sentenced to death by military courts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_with_Oak_Leaves_and_Swords" title="Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords">Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:SS-Brigadef%C3%BChrer" title="Category:SS-Brigadeführer">SS-Brigadeführer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waffen-SS_personnel" title="Category:Waffen-SS personnel">Waffen-SS personnel</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2019">Use dmy dates from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" 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