NIST History

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class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here鈥檚 how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here鈥檚 how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" 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Time</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/history/radiation-physics-building" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Radiation Physics Building: History of Research</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/history/history-blogs" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Blogs</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div>  </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-hero grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/nist-history/radiation-physics-building"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2019/09/23/building_245_rendering.png.webp?itok=FL8Q7nLh 1x, /web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2019/09/23/building_245_rendering.png.webp?itok=cEAGEG-T 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2019/09/23/building_245_rendering.png.webp?itok=andFQOEs 1x, /web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2019/09/23/building_245_rendering.png.webp?itok=FL8Q7nLh 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2019/09/23/building_245_rendering.png.jpg?itok=FL8Q7nLh" width="600" height="360" alt="drawing of building" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/nist-history/radiation-physics-building"> <div class="text"><p>Radiation Physics Building: History of Research</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/timeline"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/first-standard-reference-material-web.jpg.webp?itok=oyOg4noI 1x, /web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/first-standard-reference-material-web.jpg.webp?itok=rpORuiLq 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/first-standard-reference-material-web.jpg.webp?itok=9_IhsRF- 1x, /web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/first-standard-reference-material-web.jpg.webp?itok=oyOg4noI 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/first-standard-reference-material-web.jpg.jpg?itok=oyOg4noI" width="600" height="360" alt="First Standard Reference Material" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/timeline"> <div class="text"><p>NIST Timeline</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/nist-time-capsule"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2018/02/21/side_adjustment1.jpg.webp?itok=w60MvHHD 1x, /web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2018/02/21/side_adjustment1.jpg.webp?itok=I8QVcFAQ 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2018/02/21/side_adjustment1.jpg.webp?itok=NYsVwML5 1x, /web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2018/02/21/side_adjustment1.jpg.webp?itok=w60MvHHD 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2018/02/21/side_adjustment1.jpg.jpg?itok=w60MvHHD" width="600" height="360" alt="Asia Robertson of NIST鈥檚 Fabrication Technology Office makes final adjustments on an encasement." typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/nist-time-capsule"> <div class="text"><p>Learn about how NIST has contributed to preserving history</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><p>The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time鈥攁 second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.</p> <p>From the smart electric power grid and electronic health records to atomic clocks, advanced nanomaterials, and computer chips, innumerable products and services rely in some way on technology, measurement, and standards provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.</p> <p>Today, NIST measurements support the smallest of technologies to the largest and most complex of human-made creations鈥攆rom nanoscale devices so tiny that tens of thousands can fit on the end of a single human hair up to earthquake-resistant skyscrapers and global communication networks.</p> </div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><h2 class="nist-block__title">The Romance of Precision Measurement</h2><p class="text-align-center"><figure class="nist-video" data-media-id="421021"><div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/31013851/partner_id/684682?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_zst0vi4d?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_zst0vi4d&amp;flashvars%5BautoPlay%5D=1"></iframe> </div> "><img alt="The Romance of Precision Measurement" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824123938im_/https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_zst0vi4d/width/1280" typeof="foaf:Image"><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">The Romance of Precision Measurement</div> </div> </div> <figcaption class="nist-video__caption" data-caption-editable="true"></figcaption></figure></p> <p class="text-align-center">聽</p> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Who Was Detective X?</h2> <p> <figure class="align-left nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2017/02/10/souder.jpg?itok=XdNAtTds" data-media-id="349616"><img alt="Wilmer Souder" height="227" loading="lazy" src="/web/20230824123938im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2017/02/10/souder.jpg?itok=4-SK5o3H" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> Wilmer Souder in his laboratory at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., April 11, 1935. </div> <div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> NBS/NIST; source: NARA </div> </figcaption></figure></p> <p>In the gangster era of Prohibition and the Great Depression, a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards, now NIST, brought modern ideas to the then-emerging field of forensic science.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/featured-stories/who-was-detective-x">Learn more</a> about Wilmer Souder and watch NIST's <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824123938/https://www.nist.gov/video/detective-x-re-discovering-wilmer-souder">Emmy Award-winning film</a> about the search to uncover his work at NBS.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">News and Updates</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230824123938cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_rT06N1hzNwWZvlauEGw5ZNFVKBrR23ibx56HC8Lyx4M.css"/> <div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Events</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Industry Impacts</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Projects and Programs</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Publications</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Software</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Tools and Instruments</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Awards</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Press Coverage</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--video-grid paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Featured Videos</div> </h2> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-4"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6 margin-bottom-2"> <figure data-media-id="412566" class="nist-video"> <div class="video-embed-field"><div data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/31013851/partner_id/684682?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=0_x71r1p0p?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=0_x71r1p0p&amp;flashvars%5BautoPlay%5D=1"></iframe> </div> " class="video-embed-field-lazy"><img loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824123938im_/https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/0_x71r1p0p/width/1280" alt="Saving Money by Breaking Bank - NISTory" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">Saving Money by Breaking Bank - NISTory</div> </div> </div> <figcaption data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-video__caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6 margin-bottom-2"> <figure data-media-id="382686" class="nist-video"> <div class="video-embed-field"><div data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/31013851/partner_id/684682?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=0_i0dyjexh?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=0_i0dyjexh&amp;flashvars%5BautoPlay%5D=1"></iframe> </div> " class="video-embed-field-lazy"><img loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824123938im_/https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/0_i0dyjexh/width/1280" alt="Pigeon Pilots - NISTory" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">Pigeon Pilots - NISTory</div> </div> </div> <figcaption data-caption-editable="true" 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src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824123938im_/https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_7fbs08lc/width/1280" alt="One Size Doesn鈥檛 Fit All - NISTory" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">One Size Doesn鈥檛 Fit All - NISTory</div> </div> </div> <figcaption data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-video__caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6 margin-bottom-2"> <figure data-media-id="273221" class="nist-video"> <div class="video-embed-field"><div data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" 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