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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Pierre Étienne Bourgeois de Boynes, Marquis de Boynes, Count Gueudreville, Marquis de Sains, Baron Laas</b> (29 November 1718, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> – 19 September 1783, <a href="/wiki/Boynes" title="Boynes">Boynes</a>) was a French magistrate, statesman, and Secretary of the Navy of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_%C3%89tienne_Bourgeois_de_Boynes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bourgeois_de_Boynes.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bourgeois_de_Boynes.jpeg/250px-Bourgeois_de_Boynes.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bourgeois_de_Boynes.jpeg/375px-Bourgeois_de_Boynes.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bourgeois_de_Boynes.jpeg/500px-Bourgeois_de_Boynes.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Pierre-Etienne Bourgeois de Boynes.</figcaption></figure> <p>He was the eldest son of Étienne Bourgeois de Boynes (1683–1754), Treasurer General of the Royal Bank, and his first wife, Helen Francine (1692–1722). Hee first married Mary Margaret Catherine Parat Montgeron (1737—1753) which he had a daughter, Marguerite (1753–1762). His first wife died in childbirth; he married his second wife, Charlotte Louise Desgots (1740–1804) who gave him seven children: </p> <ul><li>Elizabeth Louise (1764–1853) (Comtesse de Bourbon-Busset);</li> <li>Stephen Angel (1766–1795);</li> <li>François Etienne (1767–1792);</li> <li>Antoine Pierre Philibert (1769–1803);</li> <li>Antoine Pierre Louis (1770–1792);</li> <li>Charlotte Hermine (1773–1825) (Marquise de Saint-Phalle);</li> <li>Armand Louis François (1775–1853)</li></ul> <p>Of recent nobility, his father had acquired nobility through the purchasing office of secretary of the King, he owed his career to the protection of the Marshal de Belle-Isle. Master of requests in 1745 he became intendant of Franche-Comté in 1754, and at the same time, was appointed first president of the Parliament of Besançon, overlapping functions normally in Provence. </p><p>There was a particularly strong parliamentary revolt on 20 and January 21, 1759. Thirty parliamentarians were exiled by <a href="/wiki/Lettres_de_cachet" title="Lettres de cachet">lettres de cachet</a>. But <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gabriel_de_Choiseul" class="mw-redirect" title="César Gabriel de Choiseul">Choiseul</a> reversed policy, and the exiles were recalled, in April 1761. He retired to the <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a>. </p><p>He was appointed advisor of state a month later. Because the castle was not far from <a href="/wiki/Malesherbes,_Loiret" title="Malesherbes, Loiret">Malesherbes</a>, he participated in secret negotiations initiated by Choiseul, with whom he remained on good terms, to a point as Keeper of the Seals of France Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes" title="Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes">Lamoignon</a>. </p><p>Considered one of the best minds of the Council, he was especially capable in contentious matters; he was among those who helped the chancellor <a href="/wiki/Maupeou" class="mw-redirect" title="Maupeou">Maupeou</a> to prepare the coup majesty of 1770. According to Baron <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victor_Besenval_de_Bronstatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Victor Besenval de Bronstatt">Besenval</a>, it was he who had the idea to replace the <a href="/wiki/Parlement_of_Paris" title="Parlement of Paris">Parlement of Paris</a> by the Grand Council, an idea which was the starting point for reform. </p><p>His record is controversial. He undertook a number of useful reforms. He ordered shipments of <a href="/wiki/Kerguelen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerguelen">Kerguelen</a> in the Indian Ocean (which gave the name of the minister to two small islands of Kerguelen), and created an institution in Madagascar. He organized the first major naval fleet maneuvers in the Atlantic Ocean. He tried, unsuccessfully, to establish a school in <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> intended for the training of officers, companies of marine guards. But he also wanted to reform the navy by modeling his organization on that of the Army (Ordinance 1772), without a glimpse of the differences that made it impossible model. The situation continued to deteriorate under his ministry, with a shipbuilding downturn, declining stocks of materials, difficulties in the maintenance of the fleet. </p><p>In terms of policy, he took his distance from politics of Maupeou from late 1771 or early 1772. On April 20, 1774, he was appointed Minister of State. But with the advent of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>, was condemned for his association with the Maurepas. It claimed he had disrupted his department and he was even accused of embezzlement. Louis XVI, for his part, had told him he thought the changes he had made in the navy had come to nothing. He was fired July 20, 1774 and replaced by Turgot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_%C3%89tienne_Bourgeois_de_Boynes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jean de Viguerie, <i>Histoire et dictionnaire du temps des Lumières. 1715-1789</i>, Paris, Robert Laffont, coll. Bouquins, 2003 - <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-221-04810-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-221-04810-5">2-221-04810-5</a></li> <li><i>Pierre-Etienne Bourgeois de Boynes, Journal 1765-1766</i>, éd. de Marion F. Godfroy, Paris, Honoré Champion, nov. 2008 - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7453-1762-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7453-1762-9">978-2-7453-1762-9</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marie_Terray" title="Joseph Marie Terray">Joseph Marie Terray</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Naval_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Naval Ministers of France">Secretaries of State for the Navy</a> </b><br />9 April 1771 - 20 July 1774 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Anne Robert Jacques Turgot</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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